Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	47060428More information: Saskatchewan [Dissemination area] Remove			SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	385	...	...	1,132,505	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	163	...	...	513,725	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	160	...	...	449,581	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,590.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.15	...	...	577,060.40	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	385	180	205	1,132,505	563,120	569,385
0 to 14 years	50	15	35	223,115	114,360	108,755
0 to 4 years	15	5	10	69,455	35,555	33,900
5 to 9 years	10	0	10	76,545	39,210	37,340
10 to 14 years	25	10	10	77,120	39,600	37,520
15 to 64 years	240	120	125	711,405	357,000	354,410
15 to 19 years	25	5	15	68,510	35,525	32,985
20 to 24 years	25	10	15	66,870	34,580	32,295
25 to 29 years	15	5	10	70,030	35,420	34,605
30 to 34 years	25	10	10	78,380	38,930	39,450
35 to 39 years	20	15	10	79,420	39,380	40,040
40 to 44 years	25	15	15	73,055	36,670	36,380
45 to 49 years	15	5	10	65,075	32,425	32,655
50 to 54 years	35	15	15	62,745	31,300	31,440
55 to 59 years	30	15	15	73,165	36,045	37,120
60 to 64 years	35	15	20	74,155	36,725	37,430
65 years and over	95	45	45	197,980	91,765	106,215
65 to 69 years	40	20	20	64,770	32,140	32,630
70 to 74 years	35	20	15	48,945	23,790	25,160
75 to 79 years	15	0	10	33,045	15,605	17,445
80 to 84 years	10	0	0	23,460	10,290	13,170
85 years and over	0	0	0	27,765	9,945	17,820
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	16,165	6,290	9,870
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	8,715	2,965	5,750
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	2,435	625	1,810
100 years and over	0	0	0	450	60	385
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.0	8.3	17.1	19.7	20.3	19.1
15 to 64 years	62.3	66.7	61.0	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	24.7	25.0	22.0	17.5	16.3	18.7
85 years and over	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	45.5	47.2	43.8	39.8	38.9	40.7
Median age of the population	49.2	50.8	45.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	160	...	...	449,580	...	...
Single-detached house	160	...	...	322,070	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	13,680	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	19,860	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	11,240	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	61,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	11,040	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	9,090	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	160	...	...	449,580	...	...
1 person	35	...	...	130,110	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	158,555	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	60,185	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	57,860	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	42,875	...	...
Number of persons in private households	385	175	205	1,103,205	549,475	553,725
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	340	160	175	909,390	448,765	460,625
Married or living common-law	220	105	110	526,835	263,575	263,255
Married	200	95	100	440,040	220,210	219,830
Living common-law	25	15	15	86,795	43,365	43,430
Living common law - Never married	15	10	10	65,395	32,860	32,530
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,075	1,580	1,495
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	16,305	8,125	8,185
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,025	800	1,220
Not married and not living common-law	115	50	60	382,560	185,185	197,370
Not married and not living common law - Never married	75	35	35	258,905	142,445	116,460
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	0	20,685	9,310	11,375
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	15	5	10	50,635	22,150	28,485
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	10	10	52,330	11,280	41,050
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	308,690	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	160,870	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	58,650	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	55,775	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	33,390	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	125	...	...	308,690	...	...
Total couple families	110	...	...	255,910	...	...
Married couples	100	...	...	212,520	...	...
With children⁶	45	...	...	106,385	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	106,135	...	...
Common-law couples	10	...	...	43,395	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	18,190	...	...
Without children	5	...	...	25,205	...	...
Total one-parent families	15	...	...	52,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10	...	...	39,825	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	0	...	...	12,955	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	385	175	205	1,103,205	549,475	553,725
Total - Persons in census families	340	160	180	903,775	448,945	454,830
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	110	110	511,820	255,785	256,040
Parents in one-parent families	15	5	10	52,780	12,955	39,820
Children⁶	110	45	60	339,175	180,210	158,965
In a two-parent family	90	35	55	248,725	130,995	117,725
In a one-parent family	15	5	5	90,455	49,210	41,240
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	45	20	25	199,425	100,530	98,895
Living alone	35	15	20	130,105	62,520	67,590
Living with other relatives⁷	0	0	0	28,150	13,805	14,345
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	5	41,165	24,200	16,960
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	115	...	...	275,515	...	...
Couple-family households	105	...	...	236,790	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	113,990	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	122,800	...	...
One-parent-family households	10	...	...	38,720	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	9,815	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	13,265	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	18,915	...	...
One-person households	35	...	...	130,105	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	335	165	170	882,780	436,550	446,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	160	170	844,920	417,025	427,895
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	54,400	44,000	42,400	48,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	330	160	170	845,455	417,320	428,130
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,000	40,000	38,400	42,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	315	155	160	757,325	379,255	378,070
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,600	37,600	36,800	44,400	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	240	120	125	622,670	322,180	300,495
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	44,800	40,000	36,800	43,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	290	140	150	751,755	364,545	387,210
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,000	8,900	8,800	6,750	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40	25	15	84,485	43,415	41,065
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,120	4,880	x	6,000	6,000	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	40	35	214,100	103,150	110,950
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	10,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	155	180	845,425	417,040	428,380
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,200	55,000	53,600	53,050	60,250	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	335	155	180	845,965	417,355	428,610
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	46,000	45,600	44,680	49,360	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325	150	175	757,585	378,980	378,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	46,000	46,400	48,680	57,250	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	250	115	135	622,690	321,515	301,175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	51,000	50,000	47,360	54,650	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	295	130	165	751,480	363,960	387,525
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	11,600	9,100	10,650	9,420	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25	15	0	83,595	42,755	40,840
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,000	...	7,330	7,060	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	40	40	213,970	103,245	110,725
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	10,000	6,400	9,000	8,960	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	50	70	301,310	168,990	132,320
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	84,000	72,000	62,000	67,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,000	88,000	72,000	70,100	76,500	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115	55	55	237,965	111,525	126,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	19,800	22,400	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	23,000	25,000	29,120	34,440	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.0	84.0	84.0	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	68.0	70.0	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.4	18.0	15.6	17.8	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.6	x	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.1	5.0	3.2	5.0	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	5.0	2.4	4.3	3.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	340	160	175	882,780	436,550	446,230
Without total income	10	0	5	37,860	19,525	18,335
With total income	330	160	165	844,915	417,025	427,890
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	5	10	71,550	33,580	37,975
$10,000 to $19,999	30	10	20	92,735	40,045	52,690
$20,000 to $29,999	40	15	20	126,965	54,565	72,400
$30,000 to $39,999	40	15	25	105,405	45,260	60,150
$40,000 to $49,999	35	20	15	96,850	43,305	53,545
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	25	80,190	38,235	41,955
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	63,160	33,360	29,800
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	49,340	27,775	21,560
$80,000 to $89,999	25	20	10	38,610	22,165	16,450
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	5	30,895	17,430	13,460
$100,000 and over	35	20	10	89,220	61,310	27,910
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	62,465	40,955	21,510
$150,000 and over	10	10	0	26,750	20,350	6,400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	340	160	175	882,780	436,550	446,230
Without after-tax income	10	0	5	37,330	19,230	18,100
With after-tax income	330	160	165	845,450	417,320	428,130
Under $10,000 (including loss)	20	5	10	74,770	34,925	39,840
$10,000 to $19,999	35	10	20	96,975	41,905	55,070
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	143,230	62,170	81,055
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	30	125,245	55,255	69,990
$40,000 to $49,999	50	20	25	113,220	53,350	59,870
$50,000 to $59,999	35	15	15	87,685	45,835	41,850
$60,000 to $69,999	35	25	15	63,720	35,460	28,260
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	47,135	26,270	20,865
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	10	29,945	17,670	12,275
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	0	19,390	12,375	7,010
$100,000 and over	15	15	0	44,145	32,100	12,040
$100,000 to $124,999	10	10	0	24,420	17,370	7,050
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	19,725	14,730	4,990
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	340	160	175	882,780	436,550	446,230
Without employment income	95	45	55	260,105	114,375	145,735
With employment income	240	120	120	622,670	322,175	300,490
Under $5,000 (including loss)	30	10	20	90,620	43,400	47,215
$5,000 to $9,999	15	5	10	49,340	22,310	27,030
$10,000 to $19,999	30	15	15	72,905	33,690	39,215
$20,000 to $29,999	15	10	10	58,850	26,960	31,890
$30,000 to $39,999	20	10	5	56,210	25,585	30,625
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	54,395	25,875	28,520
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	10	47,765	24,415	23,350
$60,000 to $69,999	15	5	10	40,940	22,855	18,090
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	33,380	19,360	14,015
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	29,020	16,645	12,375
$90,000 to $99,999	15	5	10	23,480	13,565	9,915
$100,000 and over	30	20	10	65,770	47,510	18,255
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	31,845	20,990	10,855
$125,000 and over	10	10	0	33,925	26,520	7,405
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	335	165	170	882,780	436,550	446,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	160	165	825,815	406,805	419,010
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	57,600	44,400	41,200	48,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	325	160	165	826,075	406,845	419,225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,000	40,000	37,200	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	160	160	745,575	372,880	372,700
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	50,800	39,600	38,400	46,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	235	125	115	619,030	320,010	299,020
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	57,200	46,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	135	135	712,010	346,320	365,690
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,680	1,170	5,040	3,360	1,240	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	10	15	69,035	34,850	34,185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	x	x	6,360	6,240	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	155	175	826,385	406,875	419,505
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,000	58,000	48,400	51,350	59,400	43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	330	155	175	826,660	406,915	419,740
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,600	48,000	41,200	42,960	48,440	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	150	175	746,260	372,755	373,505
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,200	53,000	44,000	49,600	58,900	40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	250	115	130	619,710	319,750	299,965
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,600	57,000	47,000	48,320	56,150	39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	265	120	145	712,110	346,290	365,820
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	8,200	6,900	7,580	6,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15	0	0	68,920	34,910	34,015
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,000	...	...	8,030	7,450	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	120	50	70	299,100	167,785	131,315
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	84,000	88,000	71,000	58,800	65,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,000	88,000	72,000	67,100	74,200	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	115	55	55	222,840	104,130	118,710
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	35,200	19,200	24,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	39,000	23,000	34,880	41,840	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.0	88.0	88.0	87.2	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	74.0	74.0	72.0	70.6	74.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	11.2	10.8	12.0	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	x	x	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	160	...	...	449,580	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	35	...	...	130,105	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	125	...	...	319,475	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	160	...	...	449,580	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	129,935	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	53,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	44,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	130	...	...	319,645	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	160	...	...	449,580	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5,030	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	2,640	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,645	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	8,295	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	19,430	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	15,705	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	14,730	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	17,200	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	0	...	...	17,145	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	17,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5	...	...	33,580	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	32,145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	30,370	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	28,270	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	26,025	...	...
$100,000 and over	90	...	...	177,135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	53,545	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	39,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	47,170	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	37,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	160	...	...	449,580	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	2,730	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	4,800	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	8,635	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	20,715	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	17,735	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	17,085	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	20,380	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	20,090	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	19,875	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	39,515	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	37,680	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	35,090	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	31,875	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	28,180	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	139,455	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	54,690	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	35,800	...	...
$150,000 and over	25	...	...	48,965	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	306,550	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	124,905	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	125,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	15	...	...	47,700	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	45	20	25	171,275	86,725	84,555
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,800	60,800	52,000	39,200	41,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	50,800	44,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	130	...	...	306,600	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	125,115	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	125,520	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	47,570	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	40	20	25	171,095	86,755	84,335
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	56,000	60,000	52,000	49,640	52,300	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,000	50,000	44,000	41,960	43,200	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	385	180	205	1,103,200	549,475	553,730
0 to 17 years	60	20	40	261,770	134,340	127,430
0 to 5 years	15	5	10	83,310	42,545	40,765
18 to 64 years	235	115	115	657,835	328,185	329,655
65 years and over	95	40	45	183,595	86,950	96,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	15	5	10	147,955	71,010	76,945
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	45,500	23,280	22,215
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	15,520	7,735	7,790
18 to 64 years	5	5	5	74,450	36,410	38,040
65 years and over	5	0	0	28,000	11,315	16,690
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	3.6	3.0	4.0	13.4	12.9	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	17.4	17.3	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	18.6	18.2	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	2.5	x	3.0	11.3	11.1	11.5
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	15.3	13.0	17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	385	175	205	1,047,470	521,355	526,115
0 to 17 years	55	15	40	239,370	122,980	116,385
0 to 5 years	15	5	10	76,215	39,020	37,195
18 to 64 years	235	115	115	628,090	313,165	314,925
65 years and over	95	45	50	180,015	85,205	94,805
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10	0	5	42,310	22,585	19,730
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	10,250	5,365	4,890
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	3,285	1,675	1,610
18 to 64 years	0	0	0	29,210	15,830	13,375
65 years and over	0	0	0	2,850	1,390	1,465
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	x	x	x	4.0	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.3	4.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.3	4.3	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	x	x	x	4.7	5.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	385	180	205	1,103,200	549,475	553,730
In bottom half of the distribution	120	50	75	580,685	283,030	297,655
In bottom decile	10	5	5	129,985	64,240	65,750
In second decile	25	10	15	119,140	55,775	63,370
In third decile	30	10	15	112,825	54,665	58,160
In fourth decile	30	10	20	110,110	54,280	55,835
In fifth decile	30	15	15	108,615	54,070	54,540
In top half of the distribution	265	130	135	522,520	266,445	256,075
In sixth decile	50	20	25	107,950	54,265	53,680
In seventh decile	55	30	25	108,365	54,950	53,415
In eighth decile	60	25	35	108,465	55,155	53,315
In ninth decile	55	30	30	106,220	54,550	51,670
In top decile	45	25	20	91,515	47,520	44,000
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	385	...	...	1,103,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.249	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.330	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.219	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	385	180	205	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
English only	375	175	200	1,055,000	527,580	527,420
French only	0	0	0	450	210	235
English and French	5	0	0	51,970	23,490	28,480
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	8,625	3,940	4,685
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	385	180	205	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
English	380	175	205	1,094,690	545,105	549,585
French	0	0	0	11,335	5,500	5,835
English and French	0	0	0	1,815	905	905
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	8,200	3,705	4,495
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	385	180	205	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
Single responses	385	180	205	1,082,470	538,920	543,550
Official languages	365	170	195	924,330	461,055	463,275
English	365	170	195	911,765	454,950	456,815
French	0	0	0	12,565	6,105	6,460
Non-official languages	20	10	10	158,135	77,865	80,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	20,785	9,935	10,850
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	14,490	6,910	7,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	13,810	6,595	7,215
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	13,810	6,595	7,215
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	45	25	25
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	440	220	215
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	3,005	1,440	1,570
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	1,255	580	670
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,060	4,325	4,735
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	670	310	355
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	665	310	350
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	590	275	310
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	25	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5,790	2,790	2,995
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5,780	2,785	2,995
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,780	2,785	2,995
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	5	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	25	5	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	260	125	140
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	200	95	105
Assiniboine	0	0	0	60	30	25
Dakota	0	0	0	120	50	75
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10	137,355	67,925	69,430
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	7,795	3,935	3,860
Berber languages	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hausa	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,010	480	530
Bilen	0	0	0	110	60	50
Oromo	0	0	0	115	60	55
Somali	0	0	0	690	320	365
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	40	55
Semitic languages	0	0	0	6,730	3,425	3,300
Amharic	0	0	0	370	170	195
Arabic	0	0	0	4,610	2,370	2,235
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	665	330	340
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	345	170	175
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	275	130	150
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	50	25	25
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,010	515	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	3,590	1,705	1,880
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	125	65	65
Vietnamese	0	0	0	3,455	1,645	1,815
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	27,210	12,750	14,460
Bikol	0	0	0	120	55	60
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	580	270	315
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,365	620	745
Fijian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	365	175	185
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,085	490	590
Indonesian	0	0	0	90	35	55
Kankanaey	0	0	0	100	40	55
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	15	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	290	140	150
Pangasinan	0	0	0	60	25	35
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	22,680	10,680	12,010
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	105	45	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	295	140	160
Creole languages	0	0	0	225	110	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	5	0	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	90	40	50
Sango	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	2,645	1,450	1,190
Kannada	0	0	0	95	40	50
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,660	915	745
Tamil	0	0	0	440	235	205
Telugu	0	0	0	430	245	185
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	5	5	73,910	37,200	36,715
Albanian	0	0	0	325	170	150
Armenian	0	0	0	115	60	60
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,790	6,380	7,410
Baltic languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Latvian	0	0	0	80	40	45
Lithuanian	0	0	0	60	35	30
Slavic languages	0	0	0	13,640	6,305	7,330
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Czech	0	0	0	170	75	95
Macedonian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Polish	0	0	0	1,335	595	740
Russian	0	0	0	2,565	1,180	1,385
Rusyn	0	0	0	215	105	110
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,080	550	530
Bosnian	0	0	0	245	120	120
Croatian	0	0	0	360	175	185
Serbian	0	0	0	445	240	200
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	20
Slovak	0	0	0	65	35	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	55	25	35
Ukrainian	0	0	0	8,030	3,685	4,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	25
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	20	15	0
Welsh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	5	5	0	21,360	10,450	10,905
Frisian	0	0	0	15	5	5
High German languages	5	5	0	16,020	7,795	8,225
German	5	5	0	15,875	7,715	8,160
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swiss German	0	0	0	115	65	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	20	10	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	4,795	2,400	2,395
Afrikaans	0	0	0	1,360	720	640
Dutch	0	0	0	1,020	520	505
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	540	255	285
Low Saxon	0	0	0	60	25	30
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,765	855	910
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	55	25	30
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	515	245	275
Danish	0	0	0	205	110	95
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	195	85	105
Swedish	0	0	0	90	35	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	0	0	0	805	415	390
Indo-Iranian languages	5	5	0	30,330	16,195	14,135
Indo-Aryan languages	5	5	0	27,930	14,925	13,005
Assamese	0	0	0	10	10	5
Bengali	0	0	0	3,680	1,925	1,760
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,175	2,930	2,245
Hindi	0	0	0	2,395	1,375	1,020
Kacchi	0	0	0	10	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	30	20	15
Marathi	0	0	0	175	100	80
Nepali	0	0	0	745	390	355
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	30	15
Odia	0	0	0	35	25	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	8,555	4,570	3,985
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	140	80	60
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	285	130	155
Urdu	0	0	0	6,510	3,285	3,225
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	145	85	65
Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,390	1,265	1,125
Baluchi	0	0	0	70	35	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	170	95	75
Parsi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	0	0	0	480	275	205
Persian languages	0	0	0	1,660	855	805
Dari	0	0	0	390	205	190
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	1,105	565	540
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	165	85	75
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	5	7,130	3,495	3,635
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	595	295	300
Portuguese	0	0	0	875	385	490
Romanian	0	0	0	735	360	380
Spanish	5	0	5	4,915	2,450	2,465
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	250	75	180
Korean	0	0	0	1,690	815	880
Mongolian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	2,890	1,485	1,405
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	220	115	110
Bamanankan	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	0	0	0	25	15	10
Éwé	0	0	0	40	25	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	45	15	25
Gikuyu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	305	170	135
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	150	75	75
Lingala	0	0	0	40	20	25
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	190	90	100
Shona	0	0	0	105	50	55
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Swahili	0	0	0	445	225	215
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	835	435	400
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	165	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	470	255	220
Dinka	0	0	0	150	80	70
Nuer	0	0	0	55	30	25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	115	110
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	30	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	165	85	85
American Sign Language	0	0	0	125	60	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	14,515	7,115	7,395
Chinese languages	0	0	0	13,470	6,595	6,875
Hakka	0	0	0	25	15	15
Mandarin	0	0	0	9,150	4,495	4,655
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	155	80	80
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	70	35	35
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	3,765	1,825	1,935
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	285	140	145
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,015	510	510
Burmese	0	0	0	135	70	65
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	785	395	390
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	675	350	330
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tibetan	0	0	0	20	5	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	420	170	245
Lao	0	0	0	270	130	135
Thai	0	0	0	145	40	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	400	200	200
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	295	155	145
Uyghur	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	35	15	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,085	525	565
Estonian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	150	65	90
Hungarian	0	0	0	910	450	465
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	0	0	0	33,575	16,305	17,275
English and French	0	0	0	3,525	1,700	1,825
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	27,035	13,180	13,855
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	350	175	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	415	195	220
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,250	1,055	1,200
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	385	180	205	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
English	375	175	200	938,715	467,760	470,955
French	0	0	0	2,095	1,010	1,080
Non-official language	5	5	0	41,955	20,925	21,035
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	4,235	2,105	2,135
Non-Indigenous	5	5	0	37,720	18,820	18,895
English and French	0	0	0	7,920	3,650	4,265
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	118,480	58,500	59,980
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	280	135	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,595	1,230	1,360
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,005	2,005	2,000
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	385	180	205	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
Single responses	385	180	205	1,084,685	539,755	544,930
Official languages	380	175	205	993,865	494,130	499,730
English	380	175	205	990,645	492,580	498,070
French	0	0	0	3,215	1,550	1,665
Non-official languages	5	0	5	90,820	45,625	45,195
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	9,060	4,505	4,560
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	4,780	2,415	2,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	4,780	2,415	2,370
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	15	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	195	115	90
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	865	440	430
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	455	235	215
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,250	1,625	1,630
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	110	60	50
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	110	55	50
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	95	50	45
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	4,030	1,965	2,070
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	100	50	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	5	0	5	81,760	41,125	40,635
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5,140	2,505	2,630
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Hausa	0	0	0	10	10	5
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	680	325	360
Bilen	0	0	0	85	50	40
Oromo	0	0	0	85	40	45
Somali	0	0	0	435	200	230
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Semitic languages	0	0	0	4,445	2,175	2,270
Amharic	0	0	0	195	95	105
Arabic	0	0	0	3,055	1,500	1,560
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	455	210	245
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	225	95	125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	200	95	105
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	350
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	2,735	1,340	1,400
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	40	15	25
Vietnamese	0	0	0	2,700	1,325	1,370
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	16,905	8,200	8,705
Bikol	0	0	0	60	25	30
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	315	150	160
Cebuano	0	0	0	740	360	385
Fijian	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	205	100	105
Ilocano	0	0	0	490	235	255
Indonesian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	10	5	5
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	155	75	75
Pangasinan	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	14,610	7,085	7,520
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	50	25	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	75	75
Creole languages	0	0	0	105	45	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	0	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	50	20	25
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	1,765	940	825
Kannada	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,175	640	535
Tamil	0	0	0	275	130	140
Telugu	0	0	0	260	140	120
Tulu	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	5	0	0	40,455	20,825	19,625
Albanian	0	0	0	140	65	70
Armenian	0	0	0	55	25	30
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	4,420	2,220	2,200
Baltic languages	0	0	0	75	40	40
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Slavic languages	0	0	0	4,345	2,185	2,160
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	40	25	20
Czech	0	0	0	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	30	20	15
Polish	0	0	0	330	150	180
Russian	0	0	0	1,575	795	785
Rusyn	0	0	0	150	70	80
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	465	235	230
Bosnian	0	0	0	85	40	45
Croatian	0	0	0	120	60	60
Serbian	0	0	0	255	135	120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,700	870	830
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	9,335	4,615	4,715
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	7,845	3,845	4,000
German	0	0	0	7,820	3,835	3,990
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	25	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,455	755	695
Afrikaans	0	0	0	875	465	415
Dutch	0	0	0	110	60	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	90	95
Low Saxon	0	0	0	15	10	5
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	260	130	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	5	5	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	10	15
Danish	0	0	0	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	370	170	200
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	22,590	11,955	10,635
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	20,940	11,115	9,825
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	2,700	1,415	1,290
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,975	2,205	1,775
Hindi	0	0	0	1,670	950	715
Kacchi	0	0	0	10	0	5
Kashmiri	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	95	45	50
Nepali	0	0	0	540	285	255
Oriya languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Odia	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	6,955	3,665	3,285
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	90	50	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	150	70	80
Urdu	0	0	0	4,645	2,370	2,275
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	35
Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,640	835	805
Baluchi	0	0	0	45	25	25
Kurdish	0	0	0	100	50	50
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	315	170	145
Persian languages	0	0	0	1,160	580	580
Dari	0	0	0	215	110	100
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	835	420	415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	110	55	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,545	1,770	1,770
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	125	55	65
Portuguese	0	0	0	415	200	210
Romanian	0	0	0	310	155	155
Spanish	0	0	0	2,685	1,350	1,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	90	30	60
Korean	0	0	0	1,250	625	630
Mongolian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	1,130	550	580
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	75	40	40
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	5	0	5
Éwé	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ganda	0	0	0	30	15	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	95	50	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	70	40	30
Lingala	0	0	0	30	15	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	115	50	60
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	15
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	240	125	110
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	5	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	300	135	160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	40	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	225	120	110
Dinka	0	0	0	85	45	40
Nuer	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	60
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	15	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	355	205	145
American Sign Language	0	0	0	250	150	105
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	60	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	11,010	5,445	5,565
Chinese languages	0	0	0	10,220	5,040	5,180
Hakka	0	0	0	10	10	5
Mandarin	0	0	0	7,415	3,695	3,715
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	55	25	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	50	25	25
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	2,490	1,190	1,295
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	200	95	100
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	780	400	380
Burmese	0	0	0	95	50	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	25	20	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	615	310	300
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	530	270	260
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	40
Tibetan	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	160	75	90
Lao	0	0	0	125	60	65
Thai	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	220	110	110
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	180	95	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	175	90	85
Estonian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	0	0	0	155	80	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Multiple responses	0	0	0	31,360	15,460	15,900
English and French	0	0	0	1,325	615	715
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	29,060	14,370	14,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	130	60	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	250	130	120
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	590	285	305
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	385	175	205	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
None	380	180	205	1,008,760	502,475	506,285
English	0	0	0	39,070	19,635	19,435
French	0	0	0	6,395	2,935	3,455
Non-official language	0	0	0	48,520	23,370	25,145
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10,735	4,980	5,755
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	37,785	18,390	19,395
English and French	0	0	0	345	180	170
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,935	3,595	3,345
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,155	515	640
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	65	40	30
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	4,795	2,475	2,320
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	400	175	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Official languages	400	175	220	1,095,170	545,875	549,300
English	400	175	220	1,094,790	545,650	549,135
French	0	0	0	52,065	23,725	28,335
Non-official languages	10	10	0	209,395	103,350	106,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	35,075	16,800	18,280
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25,960	12,535	13,430
Blackfoot	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	24,850	11,960	12,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	24,850	11,960	12,895
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	20	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	145	65	75
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	855	440	415
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	6,450	3,070	3,375
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,365	1,125	1,235
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,355	7,415	7,945
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,330	685	640
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	50	20	25
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	1,275	665	610
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	30	25	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,120	575	550
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	145	90	55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	8,085	3,795	4,295
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	8,080	3,795	4,285
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,080	3,795	4,285
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	855	395	460
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	725	365	360
Assiniboine	0	0	0	185	110	80
Dakota	0	0	0	395	185	215
Stoney	0	0	0	25	15	15
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	174,635	86,680	87,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	11,165	5,770	5,395
Berber languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	265	125	145
Hausa	0	0	0	245	105	140
Mina	0	0	0	25	15	0
Coptic	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,415	720	695
Bilen	0	0	0	165	95	70
Oromo	0	0	0	180	85	90
Somali	0	0	0	900	450	455
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	95	75
Semitic languages	0	0	0	9,850	5,120	4,735
Amharic	0	0	0	855	440	415
Arabic	0	0	0	7,265	3,825	3,445
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	1,200	565	630
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	605	280	325
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	540	255	285
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	70	65
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	470	250	215
Maltese	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	1,365	710	660
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	160	90	75
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	4,625	2,275	2,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	170	100	70
Vietnamese	0	0	0	4,440	2,165	2,280
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	37,460	17,730	19,730
Bikol	0	0	0	305	130	175
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	915	430	485
Cebuano	0	0	0	2,180	1,010	1,175
Fijian	0	0	0	90	55	35
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	605	270	335
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,500	1,175	1,320
Indonesian	0	0	0	215	85	135
Kankanaey	0	0	0	205	90	120
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	45	10	35
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	30	20	15
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	20	15
Malay	0	0	0	105	65	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	485	250	235
Pangasinan	0	0	0	95	50	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	36,125	17,020	19,110
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	245	120	130
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,155	545	615
Creole languages	0	0	0	950	480	470
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	45	25	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	130	70	60
Krio	0	0	0	25	20	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	385	195	190
Sango	0	0	0	45	25	20
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	205	80	125
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	70	80
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	4,190	2,210	1,980
Kannada	0	0	0	225	110	110
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,515	1,335	1,180
Tamil	0	0	0	1,120	625	495
Telugu	0	0	0	845	445	400
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	89,555	45,335	44,220
Albanian	0	0	0	380	220	160
Armenian	0	0	0	90	35	55
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	17,185	7,985	9,200
Baltic languages	0	0	0	195	85	105
Latvian	0	0	0	90	40	55
Lithuanian	0	0	0	95	45	50
Slavic languages	0	0	0	17,095	7,945	9,145
Belarusian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	100	50	40
Czech	0	0	0	190	90	105
Macedonian	0	0	0	90	50	40
Polish	0	0	0	1,745	800	945
Russian	0	0	0	5,305	2,590	2,715
Rusyn	0	0	0	280	130	150
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,705	865	835
Bosnian	0	0	0	400	195	200
Croatian	0	0	0	745	405	340
Serbian	0	0	0	965	495	470
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Slovak	0	0	0	135	60	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	135	60	70
Ukrainian	0	0	0	10,795	4,935	5,855
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	185	105	80
Irish	0	0	0	65	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	35	10
Welsh	0	0	0	50	15	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	0	0	0	18,455	9,290	9,165
Frisian	0	0	0	25	25	0
High German languages	0	0	0	11,940	5,995	5,945
German	0	0	0	11,815	5,935	5,880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	145	70	80
Yiddish	0	0	0	50	25	25
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	6,140	3,205	2,935
Afrikaans	0	0	0	2,175	1,185	990
Dutch	0	0	0	1,285	680	605
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	590	275	315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	60	35	25
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	2,015	1,025	980
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	90	50	40
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	955	395	560
Danish	0	0	0	255	135	125
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	485	175	305
Swedish	0	0	0	235	100	135
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	20	10
Greek	0	0	0	1,430	730	705
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	39,895	21,385	18,505
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	37,480	20,070	17,410
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	4,490	2,350	2,140
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,965	3,985	2,985
Hindi	0	0	0	15,740	8,600	7,140
Kacchi	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	55	35	25
Konkani	0	0	0	60	35	30
Marathi	0	0	0	520	270	255
Nepali	0	0	0	1,040	550	490
Oriya languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Odia	0	0	0	25	20	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	13,310	7,110	6,200
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	250	135	120
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	405	180	225
Urdu	0	0	0	10,540	5,470	5,070
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	205	140
Iranian languages	0	0	0	3,025	1,640	1,390
Baluchi	0	0	0	170	100	65
Kurdish	0	0	0	225	110	115
Parsi	0	0	0	20	0	15
Pashto	0	0	0	745	415	330
Persian languages	0	0	0	2,045	1,095	950
Dari	0	0	0	610	335	285
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	1,340	710	625
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	120	65	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	25	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	40	15
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	14,285	6,885	7,400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,400	670	730
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,320	655	670
Romanian	0	0	0	915	450	465
Spanish	0	0	0	11,185	5,395	5,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	40	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	0	0	0	1,170	585	585
Korean	0	0	0	1,870	900	970
Mongolian	0	0	0	45	10	40
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	7,440	3,945	3,495
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	515	255	260
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	90	60	30
Éwé	0	0	0	100	40	60
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	60	30	30
Ga	0	0	0	135	75	60
Ganda	0	0	0	100	40	60
Gikuyu	0	0	0	25	15	10
Igbo	0	0	0	1,200	630	570
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	320	170	150
Lingala	0	0	0	180	100	75
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	40	15	25
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	15	15
Mwani	0	0	0	70	45	20
Ndebele	0	0	0	80	40	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	310	180	130
Shona	0	0	0	155	75	80
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	70	40	35
Swahili	0	0	0	1,165	665	500
Wojenaka	0	0	0	20	15	10
Wolof	0	0	0	40	20	20
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,865	1,520	1,345
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	990	545	445
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	615	305	305
Dinka	0	0	0	180	85	100
Nuer	0	0	0	60	25	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	375	200	175
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	55	45
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,450	645	815
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,135	505	625
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	160	210
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	17,055	8,335	8,725
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15,625	7,620	8,005
Hakka	0	0	0	45	20	30
Mandarin	0	0	0	11,590	5,640	5,955
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	60	40	15
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	5,120	2,465	2,660
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	360	185	175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	1,370	690	685
Burmese	0	0	0	355	185	170
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	30	25	10
Karenic languages	0	0	0	1,020	490	530
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	890	430	460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	60	70
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	30	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	590	280	310
Lao	0	0	0	360	200	160
Thai	0	0	0	290	115	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	700	360	340
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	85	55	40
Kazakh	0	0	0	50	15	35
Turkish	0	0	0	565	295	270
Uyghur	0	0	0	35	0	30
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	1,240	595	645
Estonian	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	0	0	0	180	90	90
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,055	500	560
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	65	65
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	395	180	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25	10	20	187,885	91,375	96,515
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	25	10	20	184,435	89,725	94,705
First Nations (North American Indian)	15	10	0	121,175	58,665	62,505
Métis	10	0	10	62,800	30,860	31,940
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	460	200	260
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	2,030	985	1,045
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,425	665	765
Non-Indigenous identity	375	170	205	915,310	458,120	457,195
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	395	180	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	115,055	55,385	59,670
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	395	180	220	988,145	494,110	494,035
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
Owner	155	...	...	317,655	...	...
Renter	0	...	...	118,590	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	13,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	49,490	...	...
Not condominium	160	...	...	400,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	1,945	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	41,900	...	...
2 bedrooms	0	...	...	103,860	...	...
3 bedrooms	85	...	...	150,360	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	70	...	...	151,520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	0	...	...	105,050	...	...
5 rooms	10	...	...	70,620	...	...
6 rooms	35	...	...	66,100	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	59,535	...	...
8 or more rooms	90	...	...	148,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.8	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
One person or fewer per room	160	...	...	438,000	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	11,580	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
Suitable	160	...	...	426,835	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	22,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	95,405	...	...
1961 to 1980	145	...	...	147,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	61,990	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	35,005	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	18,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	27,525	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	37,840	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	25,970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	155	...	...	414,215	...	...
Major repairs needed	0	...	...	35,365	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
One-maintainer household	60	...	...	235,175	...	...
Two-maintainer household	100	...	...	198,995	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	15,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	17,560	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	68,760	...	...
35 to 44 years	20	...	...	82,625	...	...
45 to 54 years	20	...	...	72,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	45	...	...	85,955	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	69,235	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	37,545	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	15,605	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	165	...	...	414,315	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	165	...	...	342,875	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	0	...	...	71,445	...	...
30% to less than 100%	0	...	...	65,430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	160	...	...	449,585	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	118,475	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	0	...	...	63,870	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	16,865	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	26,900	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	2,370	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	4,960	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	3,270	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	245	...	...
Acceptable housing	155	...	...	331,105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	165	...	...	408,300	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	41,895	...	...
Not in core need	165	...	...	366,405	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	155	...	...	298,500	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.8	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	355,000	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	117,545	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	...	...	...	17.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	...	...	...	22.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	1,095	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	13,335	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	395	180	220	1,103,200	549,490	553,710
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	122,375	59,605	62,765
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	118,965	57,970	60,995
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	101,725	49,415	52,315
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	17,055	8,495	8,555
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	185	60	125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	3,410	1,630	1,775
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	3,335	1,580	1,750
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	30	25	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	35	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	35	10	25	68,675	33,265	35,410
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	35	10	25	64,995	31,500	33,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	15	32,635	15,920	16,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	32,070	15,450	16,615
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	290	135	160
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	3,680	1,770	1,915
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	3,515	1,705	1,810
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	115	45	75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	365	170	195	912,150	456,620	455,530
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	400	175	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	400	175	220	1,021,630	508,035	513,595
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65	20	45	246,480	126,430	120,055
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	330	155	175	775,150	381,610	393,540
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	81,575	41,455	40,115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	400	175	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	395	175	220	949,755	472,745	477,005
Immigrants⁸¹	0	0	0	137,620	67,895	69,725
Before 1980	0	0	0	12,780	6,020	6,760
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	5,945	2,955	2,990
1991 to 2000	0	0	0	8,390	3,910	4,480
2001 to 2010	0	0	0	29,370	14,480	14,895
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	81,135	40,535	40,605
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	38,020	19,065	18,955
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	43,120	21,470	21,645
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	15,830	8,850	6,980
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	0	0	0	137,620	67,895	69,720
Under 5 years	0	0	0	13,370	6,890	6,480
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	26,755	14,085	12,680
15 to 24 years	0	0	0	20,460	9,465	10,995
25 to 44 years	0	0	0	64,955	31,330	33,625
45 years and over	0	0	0	12,070	6,130	5,945
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	0	0	0	137,620	67,895	69,720
Americas	0	0	0	12,580	5,910	6,675
Brazil	0	0	0	380	150	230
Colombia	0	0	0	665	315	350
El Salvador	0	0	0	620	280	345
Guyana	0	0	0	165	65	95
Haiti	0	0	0	60	35	25
Jamaica	0	0	0	1,360	660	700
Mexico	0	0	0	1,720	870	850
Peru	0	0	0	160	45	120
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	200	65	135
United States of America	0	0	0	5,215	2,375	2,835
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	2,030	1,040	995
Europe	0	0	0	21,710	10,705	11,010
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	500	250	250
Croatia	0	0	0	415	245	170
France	0	0	0	310	115	190
Germany	0	0	0	2,100	980	1,115
Greece	0	0	0	500	290	210
Hungary	0	0	0	325	175	145
Italy	0	0	0	585	300	280
Netherlands	0	0	0	965	560	400
Poland	0	0	0	1,080	455	625
Portugal	0	0	0	200	95	110
Romania	0	0	0	660	330	335
Russian Federation	0	0	0	650	270	385
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	530	250	285
Ukraine	0	0	0	3,165	1,505	1,665
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,785	3,420	3,365
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	2,940	1,455	1,490
Africa	0	0	0	16,080	8,440	7,640
Algeria	0	0	0	20	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	665	335	330
Egypt	0	0	0	805	415	385
Eritrea	0	0	0	1,025	535	490
Ethiopia	0	0	0	775	380	400
Morocco	0	0	0	190	110	80
Nigeria	0	0	0	5,030	2,620	2,410
Somalia	0	0	0	485	240	250
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	2,075	1,070	1,005
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	5,010	2,720	2,290
Asia	0	0	0	86,515	42,500	44,015
Afghanistan	0	0	0	465	230	235
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	1,040	570	470
Iraq	0	0	0	1,440	740	700
Lebanon	0	0	0	220	155	60
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,405	665	740
Turkey	0	0	0	280	145	135
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	8,650	4,065	4,585
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	840	415	420
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,110	560	550
Taiwan	0	0	0	175	80	95
Philippines	0	0	0	35,960	17,025	18,930
Viet Nam	0	0	0	3,245	1,555	1,690
Bangladesh	0	0	0	3,235	1,720	1,515
India	0	0	0	15,660	8,165	7,495
Pakistan	0	0	0	7,110	3,630	3,480
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	435	220	215
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	5,245	2,555	2,695
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	725	350	380
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	43,115	21,470	21,650
Americas	0	0	0	2,830	1,420	1,410
Brazil	0	0	0	170	95	75
Colombia	0	0	0	90	40	50
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	560	295	265
Mexico	0	0	0	560	315	250
United States of America	0	0	0	990	465	520
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	70	20	45
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	385	190	195
Europe	0	0	0	2,695	1,435	1,260
France	0	0	0	65	30	30
Germany	0	0	0	100	40	60
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	180	110	70
Italy	0	0	0	50	30	15
Russian Federation	0	0	0	100	35	65
Ukraine	0	0	0	755	340	415
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	590	385	200
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	855	465	395
Africa	0	0	0	7,520	3,960	3,560
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	90	50	35
Cameroon	0	0	0	50	20	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	290	150	140
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	25	20	10
Egypt	0	0	0	390	195	195
Eritrea	0	0	0	595	310	285
Ethiopia	0	0	0	315	175	140
Morocco	0	0	0	85	45	40
Nigeria	0	0	0	3,305	1,765	1,545
Somalia	0	0	0	130	60	70
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	775	390	385
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	300	155	140
Tunisia	0	0	0	60	40	20
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	1,110	585	525
Asia	0	0	0	29,880	14,550	15,325
Afghanistan	0	0	0	140	50	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,220	615	610
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	3,690	1,775	1,910
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	140	75	65
India	0	0	0	7,940	4,055	3,885
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	335	180	155
Iraq	0	0	0	305	155	150
Israel	0	0	0	50	20	25
Japan	0	0	0	40	15	30
Jordan	0	0	0	105	50	55
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	275	135	140
Lebanon	0	0	0	75	60	20
Nepal	0	0	0	130	75	50
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,685	820	860
Philippines	0	0	0	10,460	4,875	5,585
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	285	125	160
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	65	35	35
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	1,245	600	645
Turkey	0	0	0	75	30	40
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	195	90	105
Viet Nam	0	0	0	865	440	420
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	550	260	290
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	195	100	95
Australia	0	0	0	95	40	50
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	100	55	40
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	400	180	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
First generation¹⁰⁰	0	0	0	158,540	79,230	79,310
Second generation¹⁰¹	25	15	10	121,675	59,265	62,410
Third generation or more¹⁰²	370	160	205	822,985	411,000	411,980
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	0	0	0	124,835	61,875	62,960
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	0	0	0	88,545	45,370	43,185
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	0	0	0	34,820	22,465	12,355
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	53,725	22,900	30,825
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	0	0	0	21,620	8,700	12,920
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	14,405	7,675	6,725
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	265	135	130
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	0	0	0	124,835	61,875	62,960
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	1,885	1,155	735
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	20,335	10,710	9,620
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	4,170	2,185	1,985
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	7,770	4,580	3,190
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	600	230	370
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	0	0	0	90,090	43,025	47,065
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	400	180	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	0	0	0	159,365	80,495	78,870
South Asian	0	0	0	44,720	23,875	20,845
Chinese	0	0	0	18,010	8,850	9,155
Black	0	0	0	22,570	11,715	10,855
Filipino	0	0	0	43,755	21,015	22,745
Arab	0	0	0	5,575	2,920	2,655
Latin American	0	0	0	5,680	2,740	2,945
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	8,540	4,265	4,275
West Asian	0	0	0	2,830	1,445	1,380
Korean	0	0	0	1,850	885	955
Japanese	0	0	0	830	360	475
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	1,275	565	715
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	3,725	1,845	1,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	400	180	220	943,840	469,000	474,835
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	400	175	220	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Canadian	45	20	25	107,095	54,965	52,130
English	115	40	75	219,665	107,240	112,420
Irish	75	35	45	145,415	69,495	75,920
Scottish	60	25	35	175,590	85,595	89,995
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30	0	20	108,355	52,690	55,665
German	175	65	110	272,475	134,060	138,420
Chinese	0	0	0	19,965	9,660	10,305
Italian	0	0	0	10,830	5,335	5,500
Indian (India)	0	0	0	20,755	11,165	9,590
Ukrainian	60	15	40	138,705	67,645	71,060
Dutch	0	0	0	29,410	14,540	14,870
Polish	30	10	25	55,605	26,820	28,780
Québécois	0	0	0	705	355	345
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	21,650	10,960	10,690
Filipino	0	0	0	40,160	19,305	20,860
French Canadian	0	0	0	5,465	2,695	2,765
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	13,375	7,020	6,360
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	50,770	24,635	26,135
Métis	10	0	10	56,060	27,275	28,785
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	11,985	6,340	5,645
Russian	10	10	0	35,920	17,415	18,505
Norwegian	40	15	25	70,215	33,925	36,285
Welsh	10	0	0	17,605	8,415	9,190
Portuguese	0	0	0	1,760	830	930
American	0	0	0	12,675	6,435	6,235
Spanish	0	0	0	5,670	2,555	3,115
Swedish	30	20	10	31,965	15,285	16,675
Hungarian	75	25	45	28,495	14,095	14,400
Acadian	0	0	0	935	485	450
Pakistani	0	0	0	7,640	3,995	3,645
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	4,065	2,110	1,950
Jewish	0	0	0	2,420	1,230	1,190
Punjabi	0	0	0	4,115	2,215	1,905
Vietnamese	0	0	0	4,730	2,340	2,390
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	2,155	1,185	970
Greek	0	0	0	3,075	1,530	1,540
Jamaican	0	0	0	2,225	1,080	1,150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	5,860	2,875	2,985
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	46,340	22,465	23,875
Korean	0	0	0	1,950	945	1,010
Romanian	0	0	0	12,415	5,995	6,415
Lebanese	0	0	0	1,240	690	550
Iranian	0	0	0	1,315	700	610
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	3,145	1,625	1,520
Danish	0	0	0	10,585	5,110	5,480
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	12,300	5,895	6,405
Sikh	0	0	0	2,530	1,340	1,195
Austrian	15	10	0	17,690	8,785	8,900
Belgian	10	0	10	9,340	4,790	4,550
Haitian	0	0	0	170	100	75
Hindu	0	0	0	3,220	1,785	1,435
Mexican	0	0	0	2,620	1,300	1,320
Mennonite	0	0	0	11,150	5,560	5,590
Swiss	0	0	0	4,555	2,255	2,295
Finnish	0	0	0	5,180	2,435	2,745
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	465	220	250
Croatian	0	0	0	2,460	1,295	1,170
Japanese	0	0	0	1,295	590	710
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	1,195	610	585
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	680	310	370
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	6,025	3,180	2,845
Muslim	0	0	0	1,780	955	825
Egyptian	0	0	0	995	505	490
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	860	425	435
Tamil	0	0	0	285	145	135
Icelandic	20	15	10	8,345	3,915	4,425
Colombian	0	0	0	735	350	385
Moroccan	0	0	0	220	125	95
Czech	0	0	0	5,290	2,545	2,740
Syrian	0	0	0	1,140	540	605
Guyanese	0	0	0	325	130	195
Afghan	0	0	0	890	465	425
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	730	385	345
Serbian	0	0	0	1,325	675	645
Ojibway	0	0	0	2,060	1,000	1,055
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	555	295	260
Hong Konger	0	0	0	350	175	180
Ontarian	0	0	0	425	205	220
Persian	0	0	0	510	290	220
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	385	185	200
Turkish	0	0	0	695	375	320
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	690	300	390
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	3,230	1,740	1,490
Algerian	0	0	0	45	15	25
Brazilian	0	0	0	755	345	410
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,845	1,495	1,350
Armenian	0	0	0	270	110	160
Slovak	0	0	0	1,525	805	720
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	1,605	755	845
Somali	0	0	0	870	400	475
Taiwanese	0	0	0	250	125	125
Iraqi	0	0	0	1,250	635	615
Salvadorean	0	0	0	735	330	405
African Caribbean	0	0	0	315	165	150
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	1,285	645	645
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	645	315	335
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	275	150	125
Algonquin	0	0	0	320	150	170
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	140	80	60
Lithuanian	0	0	0	895	445	460
South African	0	0	0	1,895	975	920
Australian	0	0	0	980	520	455
Palestinian	0	0	0	120	55	65
Chilean	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Congolese	0	0	0	640	360	285
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	200	110	90
Ethiopian	0	0	0	690	330	360
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	505	285	220
Peruvian	0	0	0	260	105	155
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,725	1,430	1,295
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	310	160	155
Berber	0	0	0	60	30	30
Albanian	0	0	0	405	210	185
Maltese	0	0	0	215	115	95
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	45	50
Slovenian	0	0	0	490	225	265
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	615	320	290
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	150	60	90
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,065	625	450
Eritrean	0	0	0	1,235	650	585
African Canadian	0	0	0	315	170	145
Israeli	0	0	0	175	95	80
Mohawk	0	0	0	365	170	190
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	2,210	990	1,220
Bulgarian	0	0	0	265	145	120
Albertan	0	0	0	270	125	140
Ghanaian	0	0	0	555	265	295
Barbadian	0	0	0	195	95	100
African American	0	0	0	840	455	390
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	745	325	430
Tunisian	0	0	0	65	40	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	580	295	285
Cuban	0	0	0	210	105	105
Bosnian	0	0	0	535	240	290
Venezuelan	0	0	0	160	80	80
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	30	10	20
Latvian	0	0	0	400	180	220
Bengali	0	0	0	895	445	450
Cameroonian	0	0	0	230	100	130
Guatemalan	0	0	0	295	160	135
Indonesian	0	0	0	355	165	185
Laotian	0	0	0	660	355	305
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,105	595	510
Northern Irish	0	0	0	405	220	185
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	435	255	180
British Columbian	0	0	0	155	85	70
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	225	115	110
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	20	10	15
Argentinian	0	0	0	130	60	75
Estonian	0	0	0	285	130	150
Kurdish	0	0	0	155	65	85
Fijian	0	0	0	150	75	75
Jatt	0	0	0	290	145	145
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	325	170	160
Coptic	0	0	0	80	40	45
Thai	0	0	0	595	260	330
Dominican	0	0	0	160	100	60
Nepali	0	0	0	775	400	370
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	250	125	120
Igbo	0	0	0	1,170	615	555
Byelorussian	0	0	0	190	110	80
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	6,775	3,245	3,530
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	430	225	205
Abenaki	0	0	0	20	10	20
Moldovan	0	0	0	400	200	205
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	210	125	90
New Zealander	0	0	0	420	260	160
Sudanese	0	0	0	720	360	360
Breton	0	0	0	60	35	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	755	320	440
Malaysian	0	0	0	115	65	50
Plains Cree	0	0	0	9,465	4,730	4,745
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	75	35	40
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	50	20	35
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	6,020	2,990	3,025
Buddhist	0	0	0	80	30	50
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	90	55	35
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	220	95	120
Ivorian	0	0	0	50	25	25
Saulteaux	0	0	0	6,970	3,370	3,600
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	515	225	290
Burundian	0	0	0	265	150	105
Tigrinya	0	0	0	445	235	205
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	250	150	95
Mauritian	0	0	0	290	150	140
Kenyan	0	0	0	295	160	135
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	75	55	15
Vincentian	0	0	0	30	20	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	85	60	20
Manitoban	0	0	0	340	165	175
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	90	45	45
Rwandan	0	0	0	210	105	105
Grenadian	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malayali	0	0	0	340	190	150
Chaldean	0	0	0	455	215	245
Sinhalese	0	0	0	175	65	105
Mayan	0	0	0	100	45	55
Honduran	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cherokee	0	0	0	560	290	275
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	15	0	15
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	20	10	10
Flemish	0	0	0	440	170	275
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	35	10	25
Senegalese	0	0	0	65	30	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	70	40	30
Sicilian	0	0	0	30	25	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	155	85	70
Malay	0	0	0	280	140	140
Goan	0	0	0	20	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	75	30	45
Tibetan	0	0	0	85	45	45
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	225	135	95
Burmese	0	0	0	435	245	190
Mongolian	0	0	0	205	95	105
Azorean	0	0	0	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	190	95	100
Oromo	0	0	0	195	110	85
Tanzanian	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yemeni	0	0	0	25	10	15
Central African	0	0	0	75	45	30
Libyan	0	0	0	125	55	70
Basque	0	0	0	65	30	40
Uruguayan	0	0	0	10	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	160	95	65
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	80	50	25
Igorot	0	0	0	715	325	390
Fulani	0	0	0	35	25	15
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	4,420	2,130	2,285
Guinean	0	0	0	30	20	10
St. Lucian	0	0	0	30	15	20
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	25	0	25
Maliseet	0	0	0	30	15	20
Beninese	0	0	0	20	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	100	50	45
Roma	0	0	0	220	110	110
Costa Rican	0	0	0	55	15	40
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	50	30	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	110	60	50
Singaporean	0	0	0	65	30	30
Karen	0	0	0	925	465	460
Edo	0	0	0	140	70	75
Tajik	0	0	0	50	30	20
Amhara	0	0	0	75	35	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	120	70	50
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	395	180	220	1,103,205	549,495	553,710
Buddhist	0	0	0	4,410	2,085	2,330
Christian	260	105	155	621,250	294,000	327,255
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	20	10	10	93,135	45,790	47,340
Anabaptist	0	0	0	11,620	5,605	6,025
Anglican	0	0	0	36,415	17,085	19,330
Baptist	0	0	0	12,150	5,715	6,435
Catholic	110	35	70	265,530	127,030	138,505
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	13,320	6,610	6,710
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	4,530	1,960	2,570
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065
Lutheran	55	25	25	46,980	21,930	25,050
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	2,275	1,040	1,235
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	15,255	7,090	8,165
Presbyterian	0	0	0	4,155	1,920	2,235
Reformed	0	0	0	625	310	315
United Church	45	15	25	81,465	36,190	45,275
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	20	10	0	31,740	14,740	17,000
Hindu	0	0	0	14,150	7,865	6,285
Jewish	0	0	0	1,105	570	535
Muslim	0	0	0	25,455	13,285	12,165
Sikh	0	0	0	9,040	4,715	4,320
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	16,300	7,830	8,465
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	7,540	3,240	4,295
No religion and secular perspectives	135	70	70	403,960	215,895	188,060
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	400	175	220	1,090,215	542,725	547,490
Non-movers	385	175	215	952,690	475,060	477,630
Movers	0	0	0	137,525	67,660	69,860
Non-migrants	0	0	0	87,445	43,195	44,250
Migrants	0	0	0	50,080	24,470	25,605
Internal migrants	0	0	0	43,570	21,240	22,325
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	31,135	14,955	16,180
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	12,435	6,290	6,145
External migrants	0	0	0	6,510	3,230	3,280
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	375	175	200	1,034,525	514,365	520,155
Non-movers	300	140	160	640,040	320,125	319,920
Movers	75	30	40	394,480	194,240	200,240
Non-migrants	70	25	40	180,065	88,355	91,715
Migrants	10	10	0	214,415	105,890	108,525
Internal migrants	10	10	0	172,905	84,895	88,015
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	134,460	65,855	68,605
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	38,445	19,040	19,410
External migrants	0	0	0	41,505	20,995	20,510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40	25	10	177,330	101,135	76,195
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	300	130	170	705,430	335,375	370,050
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	190	90	100	566,615	281,370	285,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	15	0	70,485	43,935	26,555
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	180	80	100	496,130	237,440	258,690
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	30	20	10	159,815	89,275	70,540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	135	55	85	284,345	146,000	138,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	165	75	90	438,600	201,240	237,360
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	120	60	65	257,350	123,755	133,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	20	84,485	61,685	22,800
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	15	0	0	32,710	18,090	14,620
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	35	25	15	51,775	43,590	8,180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	25	40	143,610	50,720	92,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	29,260	11,355	17,905
Bachelor's degree or higher	45	20	30	181,255	77,485	103,770
Bachelor's degree	35	15	15	130,060	53,265	76,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	8,890	3,790	5,095
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	5,205	2,680	2,525
Master's degree	15	0	10	31,315	14,210	17,105
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	5,790	3,535	2,255
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	195	95	105	566,615	281,370	285,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	61,380	37,625	23,755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	35	35	171,565	91,440	80,125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	115	50	65	333,670	152,305	181,370
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	75	30	40	187,510	91,760	95,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	15	10	61,810	45,770	16,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	23,150	13,115	10,035
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	0	10	38,660	32,655	6,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	15	30	106,680	38,240	68,435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	19,025	7,755	11,270
Bachelor's degree or higher	45	20	25	146,160	60,540	85,620
Bachelor's degree	30	15	15	103,950	41,590	62,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	6,745	2,720	4,025
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	4,300	1,995	2,305
Master's degree	10	0	0	26,715	11,665	15,045
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	4,455	2,570	1,885
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	155	185	882,760	436,515	446,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	165	75	95	444,160	235,270	208,885
Education	20	0	20	41,855	10,430	31,430
13. Education	20	0	20	41,855	10,430	31,430
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	8,250	3,400	4,850
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	1,135	805	330
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	7,115	2,595	4,520
Humanities	0	0	0	16,710	7,370	9,340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	1,080	310	770
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	3,555	1,180	2,380
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	3,575	1,315	2,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	315	100	215
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,355	740	610
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	4,520	2,525	1,995
54. History	0	0	0	2,015	1,150	870
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	290	45	250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10	0	0	33,210	10,740	22,470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	830	210	625
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	2,930	1,320	1,615
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	7,185	500	6,685
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	5,120	1,925	3,190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	590	225	370
42. Psychology	0	0	0	6,215	1,630	4,590
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	10,330	4,935	5,395
Business, management and public administration	35	10	30	92,220	29,255	62,965
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	165	45	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	9,905	2,070	7,835
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	10	20	82,150	27,140	55,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	13,015	6,260	6,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	6,320	2,775	3,545
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	1,960	830	1,125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	150	35	110
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	3,390	2,190	1,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,195	435	760
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	14,360	9,055	5,305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	11,735	8,025	3,710
25. Library science	0	0	0	950	120	825
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	1,435	765	675
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	235	145	90
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	50	0	94,645	87,115	7,530
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	1,710	1,050	660
14. Engineering	0	0	0	15,975	13,055	2,920
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	15	0	18,400	16,330	2,075
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	24,630	23,810	820
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	30	30	0	21,790	21,240	550
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,130	11,630	500
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	18,995	12,340	6,650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	10	10	0	15,775	10,225	5,550
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,220	2,120	1,100
Health and related fields	15	0	15	77,105	13,095	64,015
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	4,765	2,240	2,525
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	70,660	9,930	60,730
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	150	60	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	1,535	860	675
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	28,170	12,145	16,030
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	17,195	3,335	13,860
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	35	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	100	95	10
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,415	3,655	1,760
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	5,425	5,035	390
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	70	40	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	190	90	100	566,615	281,375	285,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	80	45	35	232,940	129,065	103,875
Education	10	0	10	27,555	6,340	21,215
13. Education	10	0	10	27,555	6,340	21,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	10	6,520	2,715	3,800
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	775	565	210
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	5,740	2,150	3,590
Humanities	0	0	0	12,145	5,295	6,850
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	825	250	575
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	2,665	875	1,790
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	2,815	1,065	1,755
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	220	75	150
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	1,010	515	500
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,930	1,695	1,235
54. History	0	0	0	1,490	810	680
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	190	20	170
Social and behavioural sciences and law	0	0	0	26,915	8,320	18,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	725	170	550
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	2,545	1,165	1,375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	5,850	405	5,450
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	4,075	1,360	2,720
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	460	150	310
42. Psychology	0	0	0	4,770	1,125	3,640
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	8,490	3,940	4,550
Business, management and public administration	40	10	25	72,350	22,735	49,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	145	40	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	7,740	1,425	6,315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	10	15	64,470	21,270	43,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10,095	4,775	5,315
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	4,900	2,080	2,825
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	1,530	640	890
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	125	30	95
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	2,740	1,720	1,020
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	795	310	485
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	12,025	7,645	4,375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	10,205	7,005	3,195
25. Library science	0	0	0	655	65	590
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	980	470	510
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	190	110	80
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	72,215	65,655	6,560
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	1,350	785	565
14. Engineering	0	0	0	13,255	10,650	2,600
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	14,385	12,545	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	18,380	17,710	670
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	20	20	0	15,630	15,160	470
48. Precision production	0	0	0	9,210	8,800	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	14,555	8,905	5,650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	11,965	7,285	4,680
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	2,590	1,620	970
Health and related fields	15	0	15	57,430	10,205	47,225
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	3,605	1,645	1,955
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	52,460	7,860	44,605
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	100	30	65
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	1,265	670	600
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	21,820	9,680	12,135
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	12,955	2,655	10,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	30	25	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	45	40	10
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	4,425	2,915	1,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	4,360	4,050	310
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	45	20	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	190	90	100	566,615	281,375	285,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	80	45	35	232,940	129,065	103,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	115	45	70	333,675	152,305	181,370
Location of study inside Canada	115	45	70	277,810	125,215	152,600
Same as province or territory of residence	110	40	70	221,390	98,410	122,980
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	56,420	26,805	29,615
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	0	0	0	55,865	27,090	28,775
Americas	0	0	0	7,105	3,490	3,615
United States of America	0	0	0	5,385	2,725	2,660
Mexico	0	0	0	285	130	160
Cuba	0	0	0	55	30	20
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	320	130	190
Brazil	0	0	0	320	155	165
Colombia	0	0	0	205	95	110
Peru	0	0	0	50	10	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	60	25	35
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	430	195	235
Europe	0	0	0	7,140	3,870	3,270
Belgium	0	0	0	55	35	15
France	0	0	0	180	95	85
Germany	0	0	0	555	305	245
Netherlands	0	0	0	220	140	85
Switzerland	0	0	0	80	40	40
Hungary	0	0	0	80	35	40
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	105	50	50
Poland	0	0	0	200	100	100
Romania	0	0	0	155	75	80
Russian Federation	0	0	0	285	130	160
Ukraine	0	0	0	1,700	820	885
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	350	200	155
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	2,180	1,320	860
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	115	55	60
Italy	0	0	0	45	30	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	125	80	45
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	705	365	345
Africa	0	0	0	4,770	2,465	2,300
Nigeria	0	0	0	2,085	1,040	1,045
Algeria	0	0	0	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	90	60	30
Tunisia	0	0	0	50	40	10
Egypt	0	0	0	385	195	190
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	1,035	545	495
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	1,115	575	540
Asia	0	0	0	36,065	16,830	19,235
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	545	270	280
Iraq	0	0	0	170	95	70
Israel	0	0	0	90	40	50
Lebanon	0	0	0	40	30	20
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	140	85	60
Turkey	0	0	0	70	45	30
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	3,445	1,580	1,865
Taiwan	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	85	40	45
Japan	0	0	0	145	55	90
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	595	270	325
Philippines	0	0	0	15,730	6,870	8,860
Viet Nam	0	0	0	655	300	355
Bangladesh	0	0	0	1,510	765	745
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	145	70	75
India	0	0	0	9,290	4,660	4,630
Pakistan	0	0	0	2,595	1,310	1,285
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	735	335	400
Oceania	0	0	0	780	430	355
Australia	0	0	0	645	365	280
New Zealand	0	0	0	125	60	60
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	15	0	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	335	155	180	882,760	436,515	446,245
In the labour force	240	110	130	577,510	303,915	273,590
Employed	230	100	130	528,900	277,285	251,620
Unemployed	10	10	0	48,605	26,640	21,970
Not in the labour force	95	45	50	305,250	132,595	172,660
Participation rate	71.6	71.0	72.2	65.4	69.6	61.3
Employment rate	68.7	64.5	72.2	59.9	63.5	56.4
Unemployment rate	4.2	9.1	0.0	8.4	8.8	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	335	155	185	882,760	436,515	446,245
Did not work¹⁸⁶	95	45	45	312,775	138,210	174,575
Worked	245	110	130	569,980	298,310	271,675
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	125	50	75	313,995	176,910	137,085
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	120	60	60	255,980	121,395	134,590
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.8	40.8	46.4	41.7	42.2	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	240	110	130	577,505	303,920	273,590
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	14,000	7,290	6,715
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	240	110	130	563,505	296,630	266,870
Employee	215	100	115	469,850	237,200	232,650
Permanent position	170	75	90	383,850	196,385	187,470
Temporary position	45	20	20	86,000	40,815	45,180
Fixed term (1 year or more)	20	0	15	24,010	9,810	14,200
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	15	0	61,985	31,005	30,985
Self-employed¹⁹²	30	10	15	93,655	59,430	34,225
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	240	110	130	577,505	303,920	273,590
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	14,000	7,290	6,715
All occupations¹⁹¹	240	110	130	563,505	296,630	266,870
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	5,305	3,110	2,195
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	10	55	82,325	22,340	59,985
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	15	0	30,545	23,195	7,345
3 Health occupations	15	0	15	49,765	8,520	41,245
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	0	25	71,380	22,580	48,800
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	11,145	4,145	7,000
6 Sales and service occupations	75	35	40	133,655	57,805	75,855
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	40	40	0	105,470	96,690	8,780
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	54,755	42,350	12,405
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	19,165	15,900	3,265
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	240	110	130	577,505	303,920	273,590
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	14,000	7,290	6,715
All industries¹⁹¹	240	110	130	563,505	296,630	266,870
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	48,750	34,620	14,130
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	18,555	16,035	2,515
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,855	4,320	1,530
23 Construction	10	10	0	44,130	38,640	5,490
31-33 Manufacturing	15	10	0	26,200	20,290	5,910
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	19,815	14,675	5,135
44-45 Retail trade	25	10	10	61,480	30,005	31,475
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	24,225	19,320	4,910
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	8,130	4,180	3,950
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	19,600	6,845	12,750
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	7,195	3,950	3,240
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	10	0	26,670	13,725	12,945
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	785	350	440
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	15	0	17,545	10,140	7,405
61 Educational services	10	0	10	46,205	13,905	32,305
62 Health care and social assistance	45	10	35	80,465	14,190	66,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	10,150	5,090	5,060
72 Accommodation and food services	25	10	15	32,705	14,110	18,595
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	15	25,825	12,800	13,025
91 Public administration	20	0	20	39,210	19,420	19,795
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	245	115	130	615,785	321,390	294,395
English	245	115	130	597,140	312,770	284,370
French	0	0	0	1,205	335	865
Non-official language	0	0	0	2,200	1,100	1,100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	250	130	125
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	1,950	975	975
English and French	0	0	0	3,715	1,425	2,290
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,275	5,640	5,640
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	180	80	100
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	70	45	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	245	115	130	615,785	321,390	294,395
Single responses	245	115	130	613,080	320,105	292,980
Official languages	245	115	130	608,585	317,760	290,825
English	245	115	130	606,550	317,230	289,325
French	0	0	0	2,035	530	1,500
Non-official languages	0	0	0	4,495	2,340	2,155
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	1,140	595	550
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	735	405	330
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	720	400	325
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	720	400	325
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	105	60	45
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	520	275	245
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	15	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	370	175	200
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	370	175	200
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	370	175	200
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	10	10	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	3,360	1,750	1,610
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	40	15	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	30	15	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	360	175	185
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	360	175	185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	220	90	130
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	195	75	120
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	1,000	550	450
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	95	60	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	95	60	35
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	45	30	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	225	145	85
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	105	70	35
German	0	0	0	95	65	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	120	70	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	80	55	30
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	30	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	455	250	205
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	400	220	175
Bengali	0	0	0	25	15	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	40	0	35
Hindi	0	0	0	35	30	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	240	145	90
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	60	30	30
Dari	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	50	25	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	195	80	115
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	15	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	175	80	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	75	50	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	50	20	25
American Sign Language	0	0	0	45	20	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,565	820	740
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,505	795	710
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	1,125	580	545
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	345	190	150
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	55	25	30
Burmese	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	50	25	20
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	50	25	20
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	0	0	0	2,710	1,290	1,420
English and French	0	0	0	390	150	250
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,290	1,140	1,155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	20	0	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	245	115	130	615,785	321,390	294,395
None	245	115	130	603,050	315,370	287,680
English	0	0	0	2,935	1,355	1,580
French	0	0	0	2,530	1,090	1,440
Non-official language	0	0	0	6,265	3,050	3,215
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	2,130	895	1,235
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	4,140	2,155	1,980
English and French	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	120	45	80
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	130	65	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	750	420	335
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	230	100	130	528,900	277,280	251,620
Worked at home	50	25	25	97,525	49,585	47,940
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	755	515	235
No fixed workplace address	20	10	0	71,095	54,970	16,125
Usual place of work	165	65	100	359,530	172,210	187,320
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	65	105	359,530	172,215	187,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	150	55	95	245,520	112,700	132,815
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	0	0	78,380	39,945	38,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	26,900	14,655	12,250
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	8,735	4,920	3,815
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	185	75	105	430,625	227,180	203,440
Car, truck or van	185	75	105	389,035	208,585	180,445
Car, truck or van - as a driver	170	75	95	364,190	199,915	164,270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	15	24,850	8,670	16,180
Public transit	0	0	0	7,935	3,030	4,905
Walked	0	0	0	22,105	9,315	12,795
Bicycle	0	0	0	3,045	1,980	1,070
Other method	0	0	0	8,505	4,280	4,225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	185	75	105	430,625	227,180	203,440
Less than 15 minutes	55	30	30	202,860	98,070	104,795
15 to 29 minutes	115	45	70	152,070	82,490	69,585
30 to 44 minutes	10	0	10	42,705	25,055	17,655
45 to 59 minutes	0	0	0	14,775	8,890	5,875
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	18,210	12,675	5,535
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	185	75	105	430,625	227,180	203,440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	25,595	18,700	6,890
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	20	10	74,470	47,500	26,975
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	70	25	50	132,035	70,585	61,450
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	10	15	94,680	40,390	54,285
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	0	30	46,065	19,245	26,815
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	15	0	57,780	30,760	27,015
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	60	15	40	266,595	136,825	129,775
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	15,535	7,860	7,680
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	15	40	251,060	128,965	122,095
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	45	15	30	192,900	99,195	93,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	0	0	0	11,720	5,965	5,760
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	7,000	3,445	3,555
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	4,720	2,515	2,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	45	15	30	181,180	93,235	87,950

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 28, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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