Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24663475More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	2,201	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	679	...	...	976,966	...	...	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	653	...	...	910,359	...	...	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	14,922.0	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.15	...	...	498.29	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	2,200	875	1,320	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	160	75	85	309,765	158,545	151,225	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	55	25	25	99,195	50,760	48,435	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	50	25	25	106,985	54,660	52,320	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	55	20	35	103,590	53,120	50,470	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	945	425	520	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	45	25	25	97,525	49,340	48,180	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	70	25	45	140,025	70,895	69,125	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	100	45	55	165,525	83,630	81,895	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	115	60	55	157,725	78,995	78,730	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	110	45	65	149,265	74,115	75,155	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	90	40	50	142,365	70,920	71,445	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	90	30	60	125,505	62,690	62,815	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	120	50	70	121,710	61,735	59,975	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	100	50	50	125,465	63,810	61,655	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	105	55	50	118,065	57,920	60,140	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	1,095	380	720	351,325	151,210	200,120	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	110	45	60	99,325	46,730	52,595	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	145	50	95	86,030	39,185	46,845	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	200	65	135	63,215	27,320	35,895	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	235	90	150	46,875	18,960	27,915	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	410	125	285	55,885	19,015	36,870	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	225	70	155	33,210	12,200	21,010	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	155	45	105	17,780	5,610	12,170	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	25	10	15	4,290	1,075	3,210	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	5	0	5	610	125	480	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7.3	8.6	6.4	15.5	16.1	14.8	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	43.0	48.6	39.4	67.0	68.5	65.6	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	49.8	43.4	54.5	17.5	15.4	19.6	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	18.6	14.3	21.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	59.2	55.9	61.5	41.0	39.8	42.1	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	64.5	58.8	69.5	39.6	38.4	40.4	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	655	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	746,560	...	...
Row house	15	...	...	34,075	...	...	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	110,440	...	...	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	370	...	...	479,885	...	...	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	200	...	...	148,935	...	...	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	655	...	...	910,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	250	...	...	367,400	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	230	...	...	271,730	...	...	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	100	...	...	118,205	...	...	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	60	...	...	98,205	...	...	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	54,820	...	...	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,330	595	735	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,040	805	1,240	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	850	420	435	822,440	414,330	408,115	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	685	330	355	577,060	289,455	287,600	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	170	85	80	245,385	124,870	120,510	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	125	60	65	207,040	104,785	102,250	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	5	5	5	3,190	1,835	1,355	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	35	20	15	32,295	16,915	15,380	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	5	5	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	1,185	380	800	872,060	410,935	461,125	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	445	205	240	627,845	333,150	294,700	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	20	20	34,795	14,820	19,975	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	155	75	80	126,605	46,380	80,225	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	550	85	465	82,815	16,590	66,225	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	395	...	...	495,445	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	235	...	...	251,075	...	...	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	100	...	...	107,265	...	...	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	50	...	...	93,300	...	...	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	43,810	...	...	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	390	...	...	495,445	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	330	...	...	395,645	...	...	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	245	...	...	273,070	...	...	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	125	...	...	162,745	...	...	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	120	...	...	110,325	...	...	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	80	...	...	122,570	...	...	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	808,645	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	77,700	...	...	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	70	...	...	99,805	...	...	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	55	...	...	80,530	...	...	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,330	595	735	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	1,020	470	550	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	655	325	330	791,280	398,495	392,785	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	65	15	55	99,805	19,275	80,525	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	300	135	165	541,905	284,935	256,965	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	210	100	115	392,250	205,155	187,095	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	90	35	50	149,655	79,785	69,865	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	310	125	185	526,370	262,915	263,450	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	245	105	145	367,395	175,660	191,740	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	40	10	30	49,280	22,020	27,255	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	25	10	15	109,690	65,235	44,455	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	650	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	360	...	...	455,970	...	...	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	300	...	...	370,250	...	...	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	130	...	...	194,165	...	...	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	170	...	...	176,085	...	...	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	60	...	...	85,720	...	...	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	13,270	...	...	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	15	...	...	16,550	...	...	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	55,210	...	...	663,835	...	...
One-person households	245	...	...	367,395	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,170	520	650	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,120	495	625	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,200	36,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,120	495	625	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	39,600	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,010	455	550	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	27,800	31,000	35,200	27,000	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	795	375	420	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,800	33,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	875	360	515	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,200	10,800	10,800	9,600	12,000	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	95	40	50	171,705	84,570	87,145	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,960	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	325	145	180	529,640	276,110	253,530	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	10,300	10,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,170	515	655	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,110	475	630	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,600	54,400	45,800	53,250	60,050	46,760	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,110	475	630	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400	45,200	38,600	42,520	46,280	38,960	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,005	440	560	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,200	40,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	750	335	415	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,100	53,200	45,800	48,760	55,650	41,480	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	880	365	520	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,600	10,880	12,080	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	40	30	171,360	84,435	86,925	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,200	6,400	13,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	300	130	170	528,305	276,300	252,005	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,000	10,100	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,165	515	655	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	415	185	230	514,340	278,505	235,830	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	70,000	66,500	60,000	63,600	56,000	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,200	77,500	70,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	295	140	150	504,455	247,565	256,895	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,700	21,200	7,350	16,400	17,400	15,500	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	24,800	16,400	26,920	29,400	24,520	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.6	85.0	78.5	81.2	85.6	75.6	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.8	69.0	65.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.5	15.2	21.6	18.9	14.4	24.4	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.4	6.0	6.9	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.8	5.4	6.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,170	520	645	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	50	25	25	65,020	32,205	32,820	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	1,120	495	625	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	135	50	85	138,250	65,670	72,580	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	145	55	90	200,450	93,060	107,390	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	145	60	90	286,825	131,235	155,595	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	145	60	85	215,455	102,705	112,755	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	110	45	65	181,505	86,460	95,040	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	85	40	50	138,185	64,805	73,380	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	70	30	35	100,060	48,510	51,550	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	65	30	35	74,165	37,625	36,540	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	45	25	20	58,400	30,060	28,335	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	45	25	15	42,240	22,360	19,875	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	135	70	60	149,555	92,680	56,875	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	90	50	45	90,980	53,275	37,705	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	40	25	20	58,575	39,405	19,170	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,170	520	645	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	50	25	25	64,605	32,005	32,605	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	1,120	495	625	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	55	90	144,275	67,955	76,320	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	150	55	90	210,975	98,495	112,480	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	170	70	105	334,395	155,845	178,545	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	165	70	90	257,145	124,835	132,315	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	135	55	85	204,980	97,805	107,175	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	105	45	55	139,760	67,315	72,450	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	75	40	35	93,705	46,700	47,005	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	55	30	20	61,765	31,815	29,945	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	30	15	15	38,975	21,640	17,335	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	30	15	10	25,855	14,955	10,900	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	65	45	25	73,695	48,025	25,665	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	40	25	15	33,165	20,265	12,905	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	25	15	10	40,530	27,765	12,760	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,170	520	645	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	370	145	225	495,060	212,405	282,660	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	795	375	420	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	120	45	80	167,560	82,405	85,155	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	75	35	40	111,575	52,975	58,595	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	85	35	45	151,350	72,815	78,530	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	75	40	35	116,030	56,295	59,730	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	30	108,120	55,225	52,890	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	70	25	45	104,250	51,950	52,300	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	55	35	25	84,485	42,940	41,540	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	50	20	30	66,190	35,045	31,145	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	40	25	15	52,585	28,500	24,080	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	30	20	15	46,000	24,150	21,850	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	40	20	15	31,345	18,120	13,230	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	105	60	45	115,575	74,545	41,030	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	45	20	20	47,525	28,870	18,655	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	65	40	20	68,050	45,675	22,375	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,170	520	650	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,100	485	610	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,100	485	610	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,200	30,600	31,000	32,800	29,400	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,010	455	555	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	41,200	26,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	795	380	415	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,000	33,600	36,800	30,400	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	790	320	470	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,480	2,580	4,840	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	55	25	30	114,940	56,080	58,855	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,240	9,300	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,170	515	655	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,100	470	630	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,900	51,400	41,800	50,000	57,050	43,280	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,100	470	630	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	43,000	35,200	39,800	43,800	35,920	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	995	430	560	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,200	50,200	39,600	49,080	57,750	40,560	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	755	350	405	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	52,400	47,200	48,720	55,750	41,240	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	815	330	490	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,840	7,160	8,320	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	30	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	6,800	11,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,165	515	655	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	415	185	230	507,645	274,575	233,070	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	62,000	65,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,200	65,000	66,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	270	135	135	462,020	227,495	234,530	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,200	33,600	14,100	21,800	23,200	20,400	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,200	43,000	23,600	32,320	35,520	29,240	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.2	90.0	85.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	74.4	76.0	73.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	12.7	9.7	15.5	12.8	8.6	18.2	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.0	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	655	...	...	910,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	58,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	245	...	...	367,395	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	405	...	...	542,960	...	...	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,600	...	...	74,100	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	285	...	...	367,255	...	...	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,600	...	...	49,760	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	40,640	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	385	...	...	543,100	...	...	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	96,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	655	...	...	910,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	18,165	...	...	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	10,335	...	...	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	17,665	...	...	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	25,730	...	...	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	57,720	...	...	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	41,160	...	...	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	30	...	...	40,595	...	...	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	41,545	...	...	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	42,630	...	...	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	40,980	...	...	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	50	...	...	75,485	...	...	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	45	...	...	67,695	...	...	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	45	...	...	60,495	...	...	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	54,055	...	...	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	35	...	...	45,830	...	...	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	230	...	...	270,265	...	...	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	80	...	...	85,635	...	...	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45	...	...	56,205	...	...	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	65	...	...	62,095	...	...	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	40	...	...	66,335	...	...	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	655	...	...	910,355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	20	...	...	19,710	...	...	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	10,575	...	...	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	15	...	...	17,965	...	...	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	27,485	...	...	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	63,030	...	...	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	49,660	...	...	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	35	...	...	48,815	...	...	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	35	...	...	51,055	...	...	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	50,890	...	...	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	30	...	...	47,120	...	...	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	60	...	...	85,490	...	...	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	75,625	...	...	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...	65,530	...	...	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	54,850	...	...	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	45	...	...	45,065	...	...	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	155	...	...	197,490	...	...	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	65	...	...	78,870	...	...	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	50	...	...	45,905	...	...	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	45	...	...	72,715	...	...	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	395	...	...	501,830	...	...	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	170	...	...	179,195	...	...	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	145	...	...	208,260	...	...	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	95,875	...	...	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	65,500	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	270	115	155	477,085	240,895	236,195	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	50,800	46,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	43,200	40,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	365	...	...	501,905	...	...	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	125,000	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	98,700	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	179,455	...	...	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	208,375	...	...	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	95,455	...	...	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	335	150	180	476,520	240,280	236,245	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,600	60,000	49,600	45,520	46,520	44,560	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	50,000	42,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,325	595	735	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	185	90	95	365,020	186,710	178,315	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	65	35	35	120,615	61,615	58,995	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	905	400	510	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	235	105	135	317,425	140,270	177,155	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	240	95	145	321,885	154,370	167,510	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	40	15	30	54,265	27,870	26,395	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	10	0	10	18,760	9,545	9,215	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	160	65	90	197,020	99,310	97,710	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	40	10	25	70,600	27,185	43,415	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.0	16.0	19.6	16.4	16.0	16.9	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	23.0	18.0	28.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	18.0	x	32.0	15.6	15.5	15.6	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	17.2	16.5	18.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	17.5	12.0	22.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,330	595	735	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	185	90	95	365,025	186,705	178,315	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	65	30	30	120,610	61,615	58,995	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	910	400	505	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	240	105	130	317,425	140,265	177,155	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	160	65	90	213,720	108,905	104,815	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	20	10	15	29,585	15,165	14,425	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	10	0	10	9,970	5,080	4,890	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	115	50	65	153,385	81,765	71,620	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	20	10	10	30,745	11,975	18,775	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.8	10.8	12.6	10.9	11.3	10.6	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	10.0	14.0	8.1	8.1	8.1	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	16.0	x	25.0	8.3	8.3	8.3	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	12.6	12.4	12.8	12.0	12.8	11.2	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	9.0	6.0	10.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,325	595	735	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	745	325	420	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	220	90	130	298,540	147,890	150,655	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	145	55	90	244,435	115,985	128,450	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	135	60	75	240,895	116,550	124,345	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	130	55	70	218,125	105,885	112,240	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	125	55	60	194,765	95,185	99,580	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	585	275	310	762,590	384,140	378,450	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	130	55	70	172,200	85,100	87,095	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	90	40	45	156,540	78,290	78,250	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	120	60	60	144,120	72,600	71,525	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	130	60	70	134,265	68,285	65,980	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	120	55	65	155,465	79,870	75,595	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,330	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.373	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.484	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.330	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	2,200	880	1,325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	420	185	235	262,290	133,690	128,600	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	490	110	380	486,845	221,005	265,840	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	1,210	555	650	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	80	30	55	45,860	18,340	27,520	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	2,200	880	1,325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	945	430	525	605,220	303,380	301,835	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	920	320	600	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	255	100	155	173,785	88,480	85,300	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	75	30	50	44,430	17,640	26,790	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	2,200	880	1,325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	2,115	845	1,275	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	1,080	430	650	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	670	265	405	322,315	162,085	160,230	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	410	170	245	870,975	428,435	442,540	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	1,035	410	625	643,275	311,525	331,750	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	355	150	205
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	275	115	155
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	1,035	410	625	642,820	311,370	331,445	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	129,195	68,395	60,805	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	395	225	170
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	1,315	740	570
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	675	340	335
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	755	400	350
Semitic languages	60	25	35	112,200	59,320	52,880	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	60	25	35	107,605	56,960	50,645	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	1,600	805	795
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	35	65	24,640	11,340	13,300	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	100	35	65	19,905	9,185	10,725	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	15	0	10	18,505	7,175	11,330	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	835	415	425
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	5	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	600	315	290
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	795	365	435
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	370	170	195
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	420	165	255	329,415	158,980	170,435	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	50	37,235	16,405	20,835	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	80	35	50	36,800	16,245	20,555	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	720	325	395
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	5	5	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	75	25	45	17,695	7,755	9,935	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	440	235	205
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	425	210	210
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	230	135	95
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,570	800	775
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	905	430	480
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	1,330	670	660
Greek	5	5	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	40	15	25	68,600	36,145	32,455	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	48,035	25,870	22,165	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	545	265	280
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	745	395	350
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	1,775	940	835
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5	5	5	18,260	10,100	8,160	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	5	5	5	7,550	3,975	3,575	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	25	10	15	20,550	10,275	10,275	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	555	305	250
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	555	310	240
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	25	10	15	18,950	9,395	9,555	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	16,025	7,945	8,080	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	1,680	845	830	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	285	115	170	183,755	87,295	96,460	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	905	470	440
Italian	195	75	125	63,560	29,680	33,880	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	15	5	10	19,465	9,245	10,215	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	20	10	10	15,020	7,070	7,945	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	55	20	35	85,395	41,150	44,250	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	385	195	185
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	35	15	20	5,025	2,180	2,845	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	1,685	745	940
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	815	400	415
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	760	320	440
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	520	245	275
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	515	260	260
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	695	365	325
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	520	200	320
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	1,030	495	535
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	575	305	270
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	150	225	57,075	26,030	31,035	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	380	150	225	56,890	25,955	30,935	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	295	115	180	37,985	17,270	20,715	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	545	250	295	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	75	30	40	15,185	6,995	8,195	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	410	165	240
Turkic languages	10	5	5	5,945	3,030	2,910	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	540	230	305
Turkish	10	5	5	5,300	2,685	2,615	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	85	35	50	143,450	71,980	71,470	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	35	10	20	42,695	21,750	20,940	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	15	15,685	8,025	7,655	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	2,200	880	1,325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	365	150	215	340,470	170,050	170,425	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	985	360	625	779,125	383,000	396,125	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	345	145	200	204,395	96,705	107,690	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	345	145	200	204,315	96,670	107,645	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	90	50	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	180	80	105	135,390	66,995	68,400	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	180,900	85,935	94,965	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	65	95	154,470	76,450	78,020	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	10	12,130	5,690	6,435	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	2,200	880	1,325	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	2,115	830	1,280	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	1,540	600	940	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	490	215	280	479,850	239,270	240,580	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	1,050	385	660	956,130	471,155	484,975	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	570	230	340	370,290	177,955	192,335	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	70	25	40
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	570	230	340	370,125	177,895	192,235	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	25	66,095	34,080	32,015	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	280	155	130
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	835	425	410
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	635	330	305
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	200	95	105
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	1,645	890	760
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	425	215	205
Semitic languages	35	15	20	58,585	30,100	28,490	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	35	15	20	56,520	29,075	27,445	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	1,220	605	615
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	15	10	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	5	0	5	10,910	4,620	6,295	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	725	370	355
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	390	205	190
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5	0	5	8,240	3,435	4,805	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	300	125	175
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	205	105	105
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	150	65	85	188,550	90,370	98,185	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	40	21,410	9,870	11,540	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	880	395	485
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	65	30	40	21,300	9,830	11,475	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	215	100	115
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	55	25	35	12,475	5,775	6,700	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	640	315	325
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	95	55	40
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	555	295	265
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	105	55	55
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	270	110	155
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	615	280	340
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	175	75	95
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	260	125	135
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	740	355	390
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	30	10	20	50,680	26,200	24,485	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	5	35,595	18,850	16,750	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	215	110	110
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	880	415	470
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	795	420	375
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	20	5	15	15,075	7,345	7,730	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	280	130	150
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	20	5	15	13,990	6,770	7,220	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	12,080	5,855	6,225	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	50	25	30	95,835	44,515	51,315	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	370	185	190
Italian	5	0	5	22,105	9,270	12,835	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	10	5	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	5	5	5	8,915	4,290	4,620	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	30	15	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	190	95	95
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	30	15	15	3,655	1,635	2,015	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	560	280	280
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	365	150	215
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	1,315	665	650
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	260	115	150
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	555	260	295
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	90	35	60
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	70	30	35
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	160	85	75
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	1,035	480	555
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	290	130	160
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	140	75	70
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	315	120	195	43,570	20,275	23,295	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	315	120	195	43,475	20,230	23,240	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	260	100	160	30,855	14,425	16,430	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	355	170	185	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	50	20	30	10,470	4,815	5,655	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125
Turkic languages	5	5	5	3,885	1,945	1,945	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	105	55	50
Turkish	5	5	5	3,595	1,795	1,805	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	850	420	435
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	410	195	210
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	615	245	370
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	390	195	195
Multiple responses	90	45	45	173,745	85,640	88,110	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	25	15	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	39,365	19,140	20,225	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	21,910	10,810	11,100	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	2,205	880	1,325	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	1,750	685	1,070	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	135	55	80	131,630	67,290	64,340	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	85	40	45	126,780	62,180	64,600	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	90	35	55	144,335	69,210	75,130	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	90	35	55	144,155	69,135	75,015	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	75	25	50	34,410	17,320	17,090	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	15	33,620	16,170	17,450	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	11,505	5,770	5,735	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,330	610	725	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	1,225	575	650	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	1,095	525	570	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	880	400	480	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	925	385	535	971,455	471,755	499,700	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	1,605	655	950
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	925	385	535	970,710	471,495	499,220	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	25	40	217,295	113,605	103,690	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	70	25	40	205,120	107,210	97,905	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	50	25	25	188,115	98,545	89,565	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	20	10	15	16,440	8,520	7,920	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	1,565	785	780
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	970	450	520
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	340	145	195	514,485	250,190	264,295	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	115	50	65	50,700	23,530	27,165	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	115	50	65	50,190	23,320	26,870	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	105	45	55	29,515	13,855	15,655	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	770	385	385
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	910	495	415
Germanic languages	10	0	10	35,095	17,750	17,345	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	10	0	10	31,565	16,090	15,470	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	10	0	10	21,270	10,840	10,435	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	1,275	720	555
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	50	20	30	91,140	48,390	42,750	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	66,760	36,130	30,625	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	1,155	590	565
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	20	15	10	28,090	15,325	12,765	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	1,830	965	865
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	25	10	15	25,080	12,635	12,445	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	1,000	535	470
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	25	10	15	23,195	11,620	11,575	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	19,455	9,730	9,725	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	180	75	110	324,695	154,360	170,340	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	60	25	35	107,285	51,300	55,985	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	15	0	10	31,125	15,545	15,585	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	35	15	20	18,785	8,935	9,850	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	80	30	45	193,835	91,345	102,490	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	70	45	30	6,420	2,780	3,645	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	1,305	580	725
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	440	180	265	68,485	31,760	36,720	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	440	180	265	68,285	31,685	36,595	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	400	155	245	51,885	23,845	28,040	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	105	35	70	21,115	9,630	11,485	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	800	330	465
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	1,415	600	815
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,330	605	725	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	10	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	15	10	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	1,315	600	715	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,330	605	725	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,330	605	725	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	495	...	...	360,125	...	...	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	175	...	...	550,240	...	...	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	605	...	...	192,985	...	...	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	70	...	...	717,375	...	...	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	19,730	...	...	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	190	...	...	267,715	...	...	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	310	...	...	303,875	...	...	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	135	...	...	220,945	...	...	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15	...	...	98,090	...	...	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	475	...	...	501,570	...	...	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	130	...	...	166,230	...	...	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	78,495	...	...	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	58,850	...	...	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	660	...	...	881,730	...	...	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	28,630	...	...	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	645	...	...	834,885	...	...	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	25	...	...	75,475	...	...	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	0	...	...	325,005	...	...	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	10	...	...	282,605	...	...	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	25	...	...	101,185	...	...	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	240	...	...	63,765	...	...	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	155	...	...	32,020	...	...	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	40	...	...	32,875	...	...	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	175	...	...	35,320	...	...	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	20	...	...	37,590	...	...	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	660	...	...	833,540	...	...	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	10	...	...	76,815	...	...	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	440	...	...	543,605	...	...	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	220	...	...	333,140	...	...	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	33,620	...	...	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	675	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	25	...	...	40,960	...	...	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	105	...	...	162,375	...	...	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	125	...	...	171,535	...	...	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	155	...	...	155,520	...	...	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	95	...	...	156,865	...	...	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	105	...	...	122,825	...	...	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	50	...	...	70,345	...	...	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	670	...	...	902,485	...	...	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	425	...	...	686,075	...	...	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	250	...	...	216,410	...	...	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	225	...	...	189,795	...	...	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	670	...	...	910,360	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	255	...	...	330,635	...	...	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	225	...	...	186,350	...	...	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	56,480	...	...	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	10,995	...	...	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	415	...	...	579,720	...	...	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	650	...	...	875,865	...	...	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	65	...	...	87,945	...	...	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	585	...	...	787,925	...	...	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	490	...	...	360,120	...	...	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.3	...	...	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.7	...	...	17.4	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.4	...	...	3.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,380	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	180	...	...	550,235	...	...	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.2	...	...	28.4	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.4	...	...	14.6	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	890	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	987	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,330	605	725	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	10	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,315	595	715	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,330	605	725	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,020	500	520	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	155	105	50	322,965	164,980	157,985	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	860	395	470	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	310	105	205	313,410	160,530	152,885	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,330	605	725	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	595	300	300	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	640	280	365	652,730	313,955	338,770	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	80	40	45	108,265	50,530	57,735	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	30	25	15	69,695	34,150	35,545	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	155	70	85	106,810	50,520	56,290	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	205	80	120	154,780	74,520	80,255	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	165	60	105	213,175	104,225	108,950	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	90	35	60	99,070	48,005	51,065	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	75	30	50	114,110	56,220	57,885	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	95	30	65	138,240	75,380	62,860	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	640	275	365	652,725	313,955	338,770	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	45	20	20	52,990	26,810	26,180	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	60	30	25	103,285	51,965	51,320	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	95	55	40	118,475	53,035	65,440	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	355	135	220	326,320	158,620	167,700	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	90	30	55	51,660	23,520	28,140	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	640	275	365	652,725	313,955	338,770	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	35	20	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	10	10	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	130	60	70	158,795	76,610	82,190	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	10	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	10	10	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	15	0	10	32,485	15,325	17,165	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	15	10	10	11,970	5,495	6,470	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	30	10	15	7,050	2,865	4,180	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	55	25	35	21,205	10,115	11,095	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	35	10	20	152,205	77,515	74,690	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	10	0	10	37,215	18,545	18,670	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	440	185	255	202,715	95,775	106,935	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	15	13,990	6,835	7,160	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	13,495	6,815	6,680	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	280	110	175	32,815	14,710	18,100	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	15	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	25	3,400	1,485	1,915	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	25	10	10	17,345	8,895	8,455	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20	25,115	11,780	13,335	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	75	30	45	114,110	56,220	57,885	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	10	0	10	16,945	8,160	8,785	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	55	20	30	41,495	19,890	21,600	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	30	0	20	6,885	3,020	3,860	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,330	610	725	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	745	310	430	813,905	400,325	413,580	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	265	150	115	424,225	212,755	211,475	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	320	145	175	721,230	352,590	368,630	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	560	235	325	544,455	263,425	281,040	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	440	190	250	303,105	155,090	148,020	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	215	105	110	151,015	87,200	63,815	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	220	85	140	152,090	67,890	84,205	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	105	35	70	146,645	59,645	87,000	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	560	235	325	544,455	263,425	281,040	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	53,655	28,340	25,310	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	35	15	20	56,685	26,490	30,195	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	35	10	25	13,690	7,070	6,620	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	50	25	25	27,800	15,470	12,330	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	425	190	240	387,815	184,015	203,795	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,330	605	725	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	715	305	405	737,510	363,785	373,725	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	50	25	20	91,370	48,660	42,710	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	445	175	270	69,985	32,190	37,795	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	45	25	25	208,805	101,125	107,680	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	40	15	25	151,890	79,375	72,515	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	15	0	10	82,550	40,580	41,970	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	30	10	15	22,800	11,365	11,435	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	75	45	30	6,755	3,025	3,730	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	620	300	320	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,335	605	725	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	105	60	45	241,015	115,880	125,135	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	20	0	15	59,710	30,025	29,685	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	55	25	25	102,325	48,885	53,440	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	45	10	30	61,620	29,560	32,065	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	160	75	80	336,880	169,710	167,170	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	10	10	10	40,360	19,305	21,050	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	380	150	225	74,630	34,410	40,220	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	110	55	55	156,025	76,485	79,535	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	25	10	15	44,170	23,435	20,735	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	15	0	10	33,540	16,340	17,200	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	35	15	15	108,910	54,650	54,260	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	10	0	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	65	30	40	28,610	13,415	15,195	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	10	0	10	25,490	12,445	13,045	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	10	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	35	0	25	35,975	17,775	18,200	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	10	10	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	25	15	10	47,415	23,905	23,515	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	10	10	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	15	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	70	45	30	6,970	3,145	3,820	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	15	10	10	21,785	10,470	11,320	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	10	0	10	36,445	18,790	17,650	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	15	0	10	17,805	8,760	9,045	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	25	20	15	44,795	22,825	21,970	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	20	10	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	15	10	10	5,920	3,175	2,740	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	10	0	10	7,115	3,415	3,695	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	10	0	10	13,180	6,320	6,860	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	52,040	24,510	27,530
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	49,840	24,885	24,955
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	46,765	24,165	22,595
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	45,905	23,930	21,975
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	45,685	22,520	23,165
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	45,260	22,000	23,260
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	44,720	21,700	23,025
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	42,545	20,675	21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	42,405	20,105	22,300
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	42,295	19,925	22,370
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	42,075	21,740	20,330
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	41,950	19,835	22,115
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	41,700	22,325	19,370
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	41,620	21,050	20,570
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	40,670	20,210	20,455
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	39,440	19,500	19,940
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	38,595	18,785	19,815
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	38,520	18,935	19,585
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	37,670	18,235	19,435
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	36,970	19,580	17,385
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	36,290	18,185	18,110
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	35,395	17,140	18,250
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	35,345	18,410	16,940
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	33,330	16,485	16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	33,135	15,355	17,775
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	33,085	16,235	16,850
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	32,575	16,525	16,055
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	31,720	15,650	16,065
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	31,440	15,265	16,175
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	31,430	15,700	15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	30,565	14,635	15,930
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	30,465	16,585	13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	30,220	15,225	14,995
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	30,065	14,830	15,235
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	28,490	14,320	14,170
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	28,395	13,220	15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	28,225	13,490	14,735
Latvian	10	0	10	1,070	505	560	28,140	13,515	14,620
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	26,675	13,830	12,850
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	26,535	12,960	13,580
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	26,460	13,920	12,540
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	26,330	11,910	14,415
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	25,875	12,500	13,375
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	25,575	11,860	13,715
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	25,200	12,495	12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	24,420	12,265	12,155
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	24,325	12,230	12,095
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	24,255	11,510	12,745
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	24,110	11,540	12,570
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	23,500	11,665	11,840
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	23,455	11,080	12,375
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	23,130	12,670	10,460
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	23,020	11,040	11,980
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	22,785	11,695	11,090
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	22,785	11,680	11,105
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	22,570	11,405	11,165
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	22,275	8,525	13,750
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	22,125	10,615	11,510
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	21,975	11,215	10,765
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	20,565	10,595	9,975
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	19,685	9,730	9,955
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	19,305	9,890	9,415
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	18,850	9,055	9,795
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	18,745	9,030	9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	18,545	8,975	9,570
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	18,420	8,545	9,870
Moldovan	25	0	15	3,845	1,880	1,965	18,190	8,850	9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	17,955	8,625	9,330
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	17,755	9,275	8,470
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	17,485	8,825	8,665
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	17,465	8,710	8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	17,315	7,300	10,020
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	17,050	7,935	9,115
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	16,570	8,255	8,310
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	16,315	8,565	7,750
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	15,910	7,715	8,195
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	15,780	7,505	8,280
Buddhist	50	0	40	790	345	450	15,660	7,485	8,175
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	15,650	7,290	8,360
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	15,340	8,155	7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	15,055	7,180	7,875
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	15,010	7,255	7,755
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	14,265	6,730	7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	14,260	6,525	7,735
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	14,110	6,810	7,295
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	13,910	7,435	6,470
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	13,840	6,730	7,120
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	13,755	7,020	6,730
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	13,565	6,510	7,055
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	13,525	6,610	6,915
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	13,245	5,800	7,445
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	13,225	7,055	6,170
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	13,095	6,530	6,565
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	13,065	6,175	6,885
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	12,890	6,150	6,740
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	12,890	5,965	6,930
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	12,490	6,580	5,910
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	12,115	6,080	6,035
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	12,080	5,905	6,170
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	11,710	5,980	5,730
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	10,920	5,370	5,550
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	10,825	5,080	5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	10,750	5,130	5,620
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	10,490	4,710	5,775
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	10,275	4,950	5,325
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	10,015	4,975	5,045
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	9,955	5,115	4,840
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	9,915	5,165	4,750
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	9,835	5,135	4,695
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	9,825	5,195	4,625
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	9,795	4,725	5,065
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	9,700	4,710	4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	9,455	4,705	4,755
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	9,350	4,650	4,700
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	9,165	4,435	4,725
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	9,150	4,385	4,760
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	9,090	4,240	4,850
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	8,970	4,235	4,735
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	8,400	4,270	4,125
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	8,315	4,220	4,090
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	8,310	3,765	4,545
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	8,285	3,910	4,375
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	8,255	4,425	3,830
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	8,140	3,945	4,195
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	8,115	3,995	4,130
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	8,080	3,830	4,250
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	7,945	4,265	3,680
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	7,745	4,030	3,710
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	7,660	3,870	3,790
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	7,640	3,835	3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	7,635	3,690	3,950
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	7,535	3,305	4,230
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	7,480	3,865	3,620
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	7,390	3,700	3,695
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	7,285	3,340	3,945
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	7,220	3,515	3,705
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	6,810	3,630	3,180
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	6,670	3,730	2,945
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	6,545	3,225	3,320
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	6,500	3,265	3,230
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	6,480	2,945	3,535
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	6,255	3,085	3,170
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	6,165	3,020	3,145
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	6,060	2,755	3,305
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	5,985	2,995	2,995
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	5,980	2,965	3,015
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	5,945	3,010	2,930
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	5,925	2,855	3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,330	605	725	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Buddhist	20	0	15	28,350	12,580	15,775	356,975	157,435	199,540
Christian	535	255	280	969,945	451,410	518,540	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	15	35	116,635	55,545	61,090	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	144,145	70,095	74,050
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	1,134,315	515,270	619,045
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	436,940	200,325	236,615
Catholic	295	135	160	675,695	314,690	361,010	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010
Christian Orthodox	85	45	40	68,635	32,680	35,950	623,010	301,055	321,955
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	137,255	59,505	77,750
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	87,725	41,365	46,360
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	328,045	150,115	177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	100,655	46,640	54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	40	15	25	16,130	6,980	9,150	399,025	180,870	218,155
Presbyterian	30	25	10	3,910	1,850	2,065	301,400	136,440	164,960
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	79,870	39,250	40,620
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	1,214,185	531,740	682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	745,650	345,540	400,110
Hindu	10	10	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	828,195	430,135	398,060
Jewish	15	10	10	73,900	36,055	37,840	335,295	164,220	171,070
Muslim	80	40	35	233,440	121,145	112,290	1,775,715	904,205	871,510
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	771,790	394,345	377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	80,685	38,460	42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	229,015	97,645	131,370
No religion and secular perspectives	645	280	365	590,140	310,985	279,165	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,330	605	725	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600
Non-movers	1,210	550	660	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050
Movers	120	55	65	255,365	129,500	125,865	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550
Non-migrants	55	30	30	186,805	94,745	92,055	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005
Migrants	60	25	35	68,560	34,750	33,810	1,813,155	895,610	917,550
Internal migrants	15	0	10	37,680	18,795	18,885	1,519,200	748,025	771,180
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	1,250,235	612,810	637,425
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	10	9,810	5,130	4,680	268,965	135,215	133,750
External migrants	50	20	25	30,885	15,960	14,925	293,955	147,585	146,370
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,270	565	705	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080
Non-movers	745	340	410	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660
Movers	525	230	295	821,475	413,250	408,230	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420
Non-migrants	290	120	170	433,700	216,030	217,670	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460
Migrants	235	110	125	387,770	197,215	190,560	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955
Internal migrants	110	60	50	190,035	93,955	96,075	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755
Intraprovincial migrants	70	40	35	159,710	78,770	80,940	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105
Interprovincial migrants	40	25	15	30,325	15,190	15,135	921,345	459,695	461,650
External migrants	130	45	80	197,735	103,260	94,485	1,692,390	859,195	833,200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,170	515	655	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	40	65	274,820	136,500	138,320	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,060	475	585	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	790	350	440	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30	10	25	121,295	65,950	55,345	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	750	340	415	975,700	481,690	494,005	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,170	515	655	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	105	40	65	247,460	120,840	126,625	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	235	125	110	319,755	162,520	157,240	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	830	350	480	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	245	85	160	473,060	232,855	240,210	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	65	30	35	146,170	81,740	64,425	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	20	20	106,110	54,025	52,085	1,458,160	827,980	630,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	30	10	15	40,055	27,715	12,340	1,183,395	983,525	199,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	145	50	90	260,845	122,345	138,495	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	0	35	66,045	28,760	37,285	896,755	372,560	524,195
Bachelor's degree or higher	585	270	315	609,855	291,355	318,505	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955
Bachelor's degree	330	145	190	344,605	160,320	184,285	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	10	25	58,945	27,280	31,665	556,510	243,200	313,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	214,105	108,000	106,105
Master's degree	190	95	95	159,510	78,325	81,190	1,740,605	824,250	916,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	20	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	279,660	165,795	113,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	785	350	435	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	35	10	25	102,815	55,805	47,015	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	120	75	45	162,205	88,420	73,785	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	630	265	365	831,975	403,420	428,555	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	55	90	333,160	167,260	165,895	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	25	15	110,390	60,690	49,700	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	20	10	10	81,090	40,585	40,505	1,050,285	586,420	463,865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	836,220	693,830	142,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	85	30	55	174,185	84,745	89,445	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	0	20	48,580	21,830	26,755	623,090	261,035	362,050
Bachelor's degree or higher	480	210	275	498,815	236,155	262,665	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215
Bachelor's degree	255	105	150	276,640	128,890	147,745	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	10	30	48,390	21,995	26,395	430,875	179,230	251,645
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	167,730	75,120	92,615
Master's degree	180	85	90	137,150	66,720	70,430	1,446,435	659,295	787,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	15	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	209,445	115,530	93,915
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,170	515	655	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	340	160	175	567,220	283,355	283,860	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900
Education	30	0	30	56,030	12,985	43,045	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
13. Education	30	0	30	56,030	12,985	43,045	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	10	25	69,210	32,705	36,505	631,255	274,065	357,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	74,785	53,390	21,395
50. Visual and performing arts	35	10	25	61,135	27,085	34,045	556,470	220,680	335,790
Humanities	70	20	50	78,920	30,815	48,110	926,560	354,120	572,440
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	15,135	3,710	11,430	106,345	23,460	82,885
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	8,800	2,825	5,970	184,600	53,020	131,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	316,050	119,215	196,830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	18,935	6,835	12,095
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	57,745	33,040	24,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	2,225	1,440	780	77,510	46,140	31,365
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	108,935	58,310	50,620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	56,440	14,090	42,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	115	35	85	157,220	58,185	99,040	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	2,145	640	1,510	29,430	7,065	22,365
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	233,400	88,205	145,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	344,150	27,905	316,240
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	325,785	115,335	210,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	49,855	16,000	33,850
42. Psychology	30	0	25	21,400	5,075	16,330	327,965	79,295	248,665
45. Social sciences	70	25	40	59,300	29,185	30,110	705,540	336,960	368,580
Business, management and public administration	190	70	120	248,895	110,950	137,945	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	5,335	1,705	3,630
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	272,240	55,995	216,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	190	70	120	237,125	108,040	129,090	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	55	25	30	57,445	29,770	27,670	719,715	353,540	366,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	35	15	20	23,060	9,475	13,585	297,055	121,615	175,435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	155,955	72,245	83,705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	35,380	14,950	20,430
40. Physical sciences	20	10	10	16,655	10,925	5,725	196,620	130,745	65,875
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	34,710	13,985	20,730
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	65	30	35	65,435	46,010	19,420	804,230	531,435	272,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	60	25	35	53,075	39,595	13,480	643,145	454,370	188,775
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	43,085	7,100	35,985
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	10	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	99,360	57,560	41,800
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	18,640	12,400	6,240
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	175	130	45	173,380	143,615	29,765	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	135,020	81,930	53,090
14. Engineering	115	85	25	78,800	61,515	17,290	900,475	723,080	177,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	20	10	10	27,365	23,480	3,885	726,155	638,355	87,800
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	580	190	390
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	703,905	683,060	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	20,645	19,920	730	659,480	640,895	18,590
48. Precision production	10	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	380,505	363,710	16,795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	407,545	234,360	173,175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	262,580	140,520	122,070
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	144,960	93,845	51,115
Health and related fields	70	20	50	122,295	30,795	91,495	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	180,785	89,005	91,780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65	20	45	109,185	24,140	85,045	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	5,255	1,425	3,825
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	64,030	34,630	29,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	0	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	1,006,425	520,970	485,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	26,800	9,745	17,060	548,520	151,115	397,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	3,965	3,520	445
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	6,900	6,210	690
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	227,835	160,930	66,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	219,205	199,190	20,010
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	5,305	1,640	3,665
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	785	350	435	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155	85	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Education	25	0	20	38,405	8,860	29,545	742,175	158,185	583,990
13. Education	25	0	20	38,405	8,860	29,545	742,175	158,185	583,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	10	20	54,840	26,500	28,340	490,455	210,500	279,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	54,645	38,170	16,475
50. Visual and performing arts	25	10	20	48,205	21,870	26,335	435,815	172,330	263,480
Humanities	45	10	35	52,565	20,765	31,805	649,695	241,235	408,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	11,310	2,805	8,510	79,235	16,400	62,835
23. English language and literature/letters	15	0	10	6,465	2,100	4,365	134,815	37,610	97,210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	216,725	80,505	136,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	12,910	4,540	8,370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	41,640	23,645	17,990
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	0	10	1,295	890	405	48,920	29,245	19,675
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	78,415	40,800	37,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	37,045	8,490	28,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	75	25	55	121,985	44,105	77,880	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	1,715	520	1,190	23,895	5,520	18,370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	196,475	72,125	124,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	270,970	20,095	250,875
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	261,265	82,850	178,420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	37,830	12,160	25,670
42. Psychology	20	0	20	15,795	3,645	12,150	249,205	55,840	193,365
45. Social sciences	45	25	20	44,580	21,945	22,635	549,090	254,250	294,840
Business, management and public administration	155	60	95	199,525	87,920	111,600	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	3,995	1,335	2,665
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	213,140	40,230	172,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	155	60	95	190,410	85,600	104,810	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	15	30	37,905	19,350	18,560	513,555	241,780	271,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	30	10	20	18,535	7,670	10,860	227,460	90,390	137,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	108,350	48,075	60,280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	14,270	5,690	8,580
40. Physical sciences	15	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	140,510	88,540	51,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	22,960	9,090	13,870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	55	25	25	53,860	38,275	15,590	667,305	445,970	221,330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	55	25	25	45,135	33,805	11,335	554,185	392,835	161,350
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	27,610	4,720	22,885
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	70,940	39,000	31,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	14,565	9,415	5,155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	130	95	40	137,395	112,025	25,370	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420
04. Architecture and related services	10	10	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	105,845	61,230	44,605
14. Engineering	90	60	25	66,210	51,090	15,115	724,235	568,385	155,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	536,600	464,510	72,090
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	510	160	350
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	510,105	493,000	17,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	467,225	452,385	14,840
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	266,690	253,110	13,585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	314,120	170,440	143,680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	199,335	99,700	99,635
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	114,780	70,745	44,040
Health and related fields	50	10	35	92,595	23,265	69,330	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	139,280	67,885	71,385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	50	10	35	82,410	18,370	64,045	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	4,430	945	3,485
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	48,115	23,255	24,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	0	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	772,450	399,835	372,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	20,670	7,455	13,220	414,520	112,935	301,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	2,955	2,575	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	3,850	3,415	435
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	183,025	128,295	54,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	168,105	152,620	15,485
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	4,075	1,150	2,930
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	785	350	435	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	85	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	630	265	365	831,975	403,415	428,560	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100
Location of study inside Canada	405	175	230	598,455	286,340	312,115	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130
Same as province or territory of residence	375	160	215	566,540	270,160	296,380	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830
Different than province or territory of residence	30	20	15	31,915	16,180	15,735	1,239,495	602,195	637,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	225	90	135	233,520	117,075	116,445	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970
Americas	35	20	15	41,560	21,015	20,550	483,810	238,040	245,775
United States of America	20	20	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	279,005	143,575	135,435
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	36,400	16,175	20,230
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	8,345	4,275	4,070
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	10,620	5,645	4,970
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	12,780	6,110	6,670
Brazil	15	0	10	4,100	1,950	2,150	40,050	18,445	21,605
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	31,165	13,875	17,295
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	7,780	3,025	4,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	12,655	5,330	7,320
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	45,000	21,575	23,425
Europe	40	15	30	74,705	39,515	35,190	543,725	281,205	262,520
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	7,795	4,260	3,535
France	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	97,770	53,930	43,840
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	22,450	12,070	10,380
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	10,825	6,065	4,765
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	8,470	4,420	4,050
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	5,160	2,465	2,700
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	9,055	4,165	4,890
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	25,215	11,115	14,100
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	32,250	16,190	16,060
Russian Federation	20	0	10	2,965	1,350	1,615	36,095	16,250	19,845
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	36,405	16,635	19,775
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	16,040	9,175	6,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	151,900	81,980	69,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	6,030	2,915	3,115
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	8,895	5,055	3,840
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	8,745	4,470	4,280
Other locations of study in Europe	15	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	60,615	30,055	30,560
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	216,815	111,010	105,805
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	33,280	16,395	16,880
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	33,230	17,020	16,210
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	23,640	12,125	11,510
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	12,655	7,100	5,555
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	30,255	15,145	15,115
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	19,060	9,900	9,160
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	64,700	33,325	31,385
Asia	145	55	90	65,125	28,945	36,180	1,352,215	594,805	757,410
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	7,025	3,280	3,745	66,630	30,180	36,450
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	16,515	8,250	8,265
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	11,355	5,725	5,630
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	19,565	9,355	10,210
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	16,405	7,885	8,520
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	11,855	6,595	5,260
China⁹⁰	85	30	60	13,220	5,865	7,360	201,100	87,370	113,720
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	14,520	4,750	9,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	18,325	7,445	10,875
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	18,605	5,280	13,325
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	1,625	560	1,065	53,575	20,575	33,000
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	305,795	115,370	190,420
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	12,500	4,490	8,005
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	25,000	11,360	13,645
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	15,085	7,090	7,995
India	15	10	10	10,915	5,585	5,330	405,850	199,380	206,475
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	75,155	35,055	40,100
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	64,385	28,650	35,735
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	47,960	24,495	23,460
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	38,525	19,270	19,250
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	7,785	4,300	3,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	1,655	930	730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,170	515	655	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
In the labour force	715	345	370	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070
Employed	655	315	340	971,245	502,885	468,360	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025
Unemployed	55	35	25	110,395	58,460	51,935	1,988,645	999,600	989,045
Not in the labour force	450	170	285	568,495	246,215	322,280	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605
Participation rate	61.1	67.0	56.5	65.5	69.5	61.8	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	56.0	61.2	51.9	58.9	62.3	55.6	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	7.7	10.1	6.8	10.2	10.4	10.0	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,170	515	655	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
Did not work¹⁸⁶	430	165	265	582,470	253,075	329,400	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170
Worked	735	345	390	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	430	195	235	529,400	287,950	241,450	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	305	150	155	538,265	266,540	271,725	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.8	39.8	39.7	40.2	39.3	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	715	350	370	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	486,865	237,950	248,915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	710	340	370	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
Employee	580	260	315	907,745	457,830	449,915	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375
Permanent position	500	215	285	741,830	380,445	361,385	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310
Temporary position	80	45	35	165,915	77,385	88,530	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	45	35	15	69,690	31,285	38,405	867,740	386,965	480,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	35	15	20	96,225	46,100	50,120	1,804,030	885,740	918,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	130	80	50	142,380	88,145	54,230	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	715	350	370	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	486,865	237,950	248,915
All occupations¹⁹¹	710	340	370	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	25	15	15	19,090	13,485	5,600	254,760	177,450	77,315
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	175	70	100	207,660	79,975	127,685	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	145	105	40	114,775	85,780	28,990	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595
3 Health occupations	35	10	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	95	25	75	140,500	46,385	94,115	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	596,785	275,420	321,360
6 Sales and service occupations	145	60	90	263,055	135,300	127,750	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	541,235	416,960	124,270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	0	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	857,540	612,415	245,120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	715	350	370	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	486,865	237,950	248,915
All industries¹⁹¹	710	340	370	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	434,800	295,160	139,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	239,030	195,605	43,425
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	147,750	109,475	38,270
23 Construction	25	15	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025
31-33 Manufacturing	60	30	30	86,535	58,295	28,235	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330
41 Wholesale trade	25	0	20	42,365	25,230	17,140	610,295	406,960	203,335
44-45 Retail trade	45	25	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	35	30	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	981,030	742,515	238,515
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	400,460	237,940	162,520
52 Finance and insurance	40	0	40	53,430	27,205	26,225	815,225	358,145	457,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	20	0	10	20,440	11,820	8,615	343,940	186,230	157,710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	140	80	55	130,405	75,750	54,655	1,571,160	877,780	693,380
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	45,455	21,495	23,955
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	50	20	35	49,530	29,800	19,735	792,600	457,880	334,725
61 Educational services	65	20	50	95,290	34,510	60,780	1,413,320	436,645	976,670
62 Health care and social assistance	55	15	40	142,545	36,095	106,450	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	350,710	180,205	170,500
72 Accommodation and food services	40	25	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	1,085,270	478,000	607,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	45	15	30	43,990	17,935	26,050	797,935	373,775	424,165
91 Public administration	35	25	15	42,120	20,455	21,665	1,188,915	598,780	590,135
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	745	355	395	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
English	250	130	125	201,310	110,165	91,150	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855
French	150	65	85	416,430	206,170	210,265	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420
Non-official language	15	10	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	169,205	89,515	79,685
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,935	3,590	3,345
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	162,265	85,925	76,345
English and French	265	130	140	473,485	249,700	223,785	1,682,510	859,635	822,870
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	12,600	7,050	5,545	570,220	291,000	279,220
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	20,935	9,955	10,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0	20	28,645	14,450	14,195	69,340	34,190	35,145
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	11,265	5,960	5,305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	745	355	395	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
Single responses	670	320	350	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810
Official languages	650	310	340	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175
English	370	180	195	361,715	194,885	166,835	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105
French	275	130	150	645,885	327,180	318,705	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070
Non-official languages	20	10	10	14,660	7,380	7,285	310,455	161,825	148,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	19,435	9,725	9,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	6,630	3,200	3,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	6,605	3,200	3,405
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10	14,625	7,380	7,250	291,025	152,095	138,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	9,265	5,300	3,955
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	45	35	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	8,785	5,080	3,705
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	7,190	4,250	2,940
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	585	240	340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	9,770	4,135	5,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	495	215	285
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	9,260	3,905	5,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	4,760	2,180	2,580
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	165	90	70
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	4,205	1,895	2,310
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	50	30	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	390	185	210
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	375	170	205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	3,010	1,410	1,605
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	250	140	110
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	2,685	1,255	1,425
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	112,395	64,055	48,335
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	315	170	140
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	530	295	235
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	10,085	4,390	5,695
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	9,995	4,375	5,620
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	145	55	90
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	2,265	1,000	1,265
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	5,240	2,085	3,155
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	835	485	355
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	555	310	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	1,265	620	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	14,250	8,060	6,190
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	10,480	5,695	4,790
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	6,615	3,655	2,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	1,050	520	530
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	3,540	2,245	1,290
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	965	515	440
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	190	100	85
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	55	30	25
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	90	45	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	875	445	430
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	55,455	32,965	22,490
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	48,020	28,910	19,100
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	645	290	355
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	1,115	515	600
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	2,235	1,145	1,090
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	40,840	25,480	15,365
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	2,725	1,265	1,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	7,430	4,045	3,385
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	130	70	60
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	7,110	3,825	3,285
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	800	445	360
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	5,715	2,980	2,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	595	400	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	30,795	17,685	13,105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	1,625	730	900
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	6,970	4,070	2,895
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	680	375	310
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	21,455	12,465	8,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	45	35	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	3,560	1,225	2,340
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	14,345	7,125	7,225
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	410	210	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	20	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	150	95	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	2,010	795	1,210
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	1,590	620	970
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	285	110	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	135	65	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	3,935	2,055	1,875	128,375	64,180	64,190
Chinese languages	15	0	10	3,935	2,055	1,875	128,045	63,990	64,055
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	15	0	10	2,645	1,430	1,215	76,040	37,760	38,280
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	485	210	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	50,950	25,725	25,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	460	240	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	765	310	450
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	670	275	395
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	1,345	695	650
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	1,270	660	615
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	485	215	270
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	330	170	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	75	35	45	126,180	65,940	60,240	453,880	231,205	222,675
English and French	65	30	35	116,535	60,925	55,605	321,975	163,305	158,675
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	115,955	60,210	55,745
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	6,280	2,795	3,485
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	7,405	3,795	3,605
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	2,265	1,100	1,165
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	745	355	395	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
None	470	235	235	743,180	381,875	361,305	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935
English	135	65	70	219,885	116,455	103,430	902,625	474,755	427,875
French	90	40	55	149,470	78,495	70,975	589,755	288,955	300,800
Non-official language	35	10	25	16,645	8,685	7,960	331,375	168,035	163,335
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	18,190	7,740	10,450
Non-Indigenous	35	10	25	16,555	8,655	7,900	313,185	160,295	152,885
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	2,940	1,445	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	33,125	15,680	17,445
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	6,620	3,610	3,005	22,615	11,475	11,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	360	210	150
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	50,740	25,425	25,315
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	660	315	345	971,245	502,885	468,360	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020
Worked at home	255	120	135	298,820	151,335	147,485	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	58,335	40,295	18,035
No fixed workplace address	55	35	20	89,120	62,795	26,325	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415
Usual place of work	350	155	190	580,035	286,695	293,340	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	350	155	190	580,035	286,695	293,340	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	255	110	145	427,475	202,010	225,465	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	45	10	30	91,735	47,670	44,070	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	45	30	15	58,865	35,690	23,175	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	98,060	60,210	37,850
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	405	195	210	669,150	349,485	319,665	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Car, truck or van	260	145	115	395,615	229,315	166,300	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825
Car, truck or van - as a driver	245	145	105	365,770	218,475	147,295	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	10	0	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	844,155	343,100	501,050
Public transit	110	35	80	177,860	74,605	103,260	1,000,510	422,270	578,235
Walked	20	0	15	61,160	26,300	34,860	672,815	296,610	376,205
Bicycle	10	10	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	138,615	92,195	46,415
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	285,820	144,225	141,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	405	195	210	669,150	349,485	319,665	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Less than 15 minutes	80	35	45	125,240	61,185	64,055	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185
15 to 29 minutes	135	75	60	241,005	129,590	111,420	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285
30 to 44 minutes	135	55	85	176,925	96,710	80,215	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670
45 to 59 minutes	35	20	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	910,610	542,485	368,125
60 minutes and over	20	10	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	926,120	599,115	327,005
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	405	195	210	669,150	349,485	319,665	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	938,820	701,960	236,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	20	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	90	40	50	166,695	79,410	87,280	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	125	70	60	149,185	68,865	80,320	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	105	55	50	106,855	50,615	56,240	1,661,340	740,915	920,430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	45	10	35	112,350	65,830	46,520	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	190	95	95	371,310	189,920	181,390	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	40	30	109,065	56,315	52,750	897,205	456,120	441,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	55	65	262,245	133,605	128,640	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	135	65	65	264,905	135,505	129,395	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	25	82,880	42,755	40,130	682,190	346,420	335,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	25	25	67,535	34,945	32,590	467,685	234,475	233,215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	5	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	214,500	111,950	102,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80	35	40	182,020	92,755	89,270	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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