Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662899More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663140More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	524	...	...	871	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	1,762,949	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	1,704,694	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	160	...	...	337	...	...	976,966	...	...	878,542	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	158	...	...	319	...	...	910,359	...	...	816,338	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,187.9	...	...	2,357.9	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	4,833.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.24	...	...	0.37	...	...	498.29	...	...	364.74	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	525	275	250	870	415	455	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	1,762,950	867,975	894,980
0 to 14 years	105	65	40	140	75	70	309,765	158,545	151,225	270,430	138,255	132,170
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	30	10	15	99,195	50,760	48,435	88,670	45,335	43,335
5 to 9 years	45	30	10	45	25	20	106,985	54,660	52,320	93,325	47,700	45,620
10 to 14 years	35	15	15	70	35	30	103,590	53,120	50,470	88,435	45,220	43,215
15 to 64 years	355	180	175	550	265	280	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	1,197,045	603,075	593,965
15 to 19 years	35	20	15	50	20	30	97,525	49,340	48,180	82,475	41,675	40,805
20 to 24 years	40	20	20	55	25	30	140,025	70,895	69,125	125,235	63,220	62,015
25 to 29 years	40	25	15	45	30	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	153,995	77,680	76,315
30 to 34 years	25	5	15	35	20	15	157,725	78,995	78,730	146,855	73,810	73,040
35 to 39 years	30	15	15	35	20	15	149,265	74,115	75,155	135,880	67,835	68,040
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	60	25	35	142,365	70,920	71,445	127,165	63,885	63,285
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	60	25	35	125,505	62,690	62,815	110,130	55,495	54,630
50 to 54 years	40	20	20	65	30	35	121,710	61,735	59,975	105,545	54,115	51,435
55 to 59 years	50	25	25	65	30	35	125,465	63,810	61,655	108,040	55,305	52,730
60 to 64 years	40	20	20	70	35	40	118,065	57,920	60,140	101,725	50,055	51,670
65 years and over	70	30	35	180	80	100	351,325	151,210	200,120	295,475	126,635	168,845
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	60	30	30	99,325	46,730	52,595	85,025	40,115	44,915
70 to 74 years	20	10	5	50	25	25	86,030	39,185	46,845	72,300	32,855	39,445
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	30	10	20	63,215	27,320	35,895	52,720	22,645	30,075
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	25	15	10	46,875	18,960	27,915	39,395	15,780	23,610
85 years and over	5	0	0	15	5	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	46,035	15,250	30,790
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	10	5	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	27,835	10,185	17,655
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	10	0	5	17,780	5,610	12,170	14,360	4,155	10,205
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	3,375	825	2,560
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	465	90	375
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.0	23.6	16.0	16.1	18.1	15.4	15.5	16.1	14.8	15.3	15.9	14.8
15 to 64 years	67.6	65.5	70.0	63.2	63.9	61.5	67.0	68.5	65.6	67.9	69.5	66.4
65 years and over	13.3	10.9	14.0	20.7	19.3	22.0	17.5	15.4	19.6	16.8	14.6	18.9
85 years and over	1.0	0.0	0.0	1.7	1.2	2.2	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.6	1.8	3.4
Average age of the population	38.7	37.2	40.4	43.6	42.4	44.6	41.0	39.8	42.1	40.6	39.5	41.7
Median age of the population	38.4	36.8	41.2	45.6	44.4	46.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	160	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,340	...	...
Single-detached house	95	...	...	295	...	...	100,615	...	...	58,065	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	10	...	...	32,530	...	...	25,740	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	26,175	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	25	...	...	5	...	...	110,440	...	...	107,565	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	5	...	...	479,885	...	...	464,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	130,615	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	3,350	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	160	...	...	315	...	...	910,355	...	...	816,335	...	...
1 person	30	...	...	55	...	...	367,400	...	...	341,345	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	110	...	...	271,730	...	...	242,175	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	60	...	...	118,205	...	...	103,550	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	70	...	...	98,205	...	...	82,715	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	25	...	...	54,820	...	...	46,560	...	...
Number of persons in private households	525	275	250	870	415	450	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	1,723,210	851,575	871,635
Average household size	3.3	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	420	215	210	730	345	385	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	1,492,520	729,715	762,810
Married or living common-law	225	110	115	465	230	230	822,440	414,330	408,115	705,905	356,290	349,615
Married	170	85	85	380	190	190	577,060	289,455	287,600	475,835	239,100	236,735
Living common-law	50	25	25	85	45	45	245,385	124,870	120,510	230,070	117,190	112,880
Living common law - Never married	35	15	20	60	30	30	207,040	104,785	102,250	196,170	99,370	96,795
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	2,885	1,655	1,230
Living common law - Divorced	15	10	5	25	10	15	32,295	16,915	15,380	28,550	15,015	13,530
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	5	0	5	2,855	1,335	1,520	2,465	1,140	1,320
Not married and not living common-law	195	100	95	265	110	150	872,060	410,935	461,125	786,615	373,420	413,195
Not married and not living common law - Never married	145	80	65	195	100	95	627,845	333,150	294,700	572,045	304,055	267,990
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	10	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	31,535	13,590	17,945
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	20	30	10	20	126,605	46,380	80,225	113,315	41,760	71,560
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	5	35	5	30	82,815	16,590	66,225	69,720	14,020	55,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	135	...	...	265	...	...	495,445	...	...	428,615	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	115	...	...	251,075	...	...	221,015	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	60	...	...	107,265	...	...	92,715	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	65	...	...	93,300	...	...	77,780	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	43,810	...	...	37,105	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.1	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	265	...	...	495,445	...	...	428,610	...	...
Total couple families	110	...	...	230	...	...	395,645	...	...	338,830	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	185	...	...	273,070	...	...	223,910	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	115	...	...	162,745	...	...	133,435	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	75	...	...	110,325	...	...	90,475	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	40	...	...	122,570	...	...	114,915	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	41,490	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	25	...	...	77,700	...	...	73,430	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	30	...	...	99,805	...	...	89,785	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	30	...	...	80,530	...	...	72,595	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	17,190	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	525	275	250	870	415	450	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	1,723,210	851,575	871,630
Total - Persons in census families	455	235	225	785	385	400	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	1,231,380	602,840	628,545
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	110	110	460	230	230	791,280	398,495	392,785	677,655	341,670	335,985
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	35	5	25	99,805	19,275	80,525	89,785	17,190	72,595
Children⁶	210	120	90	290	150	145	541,905	284,935	256,965	463,940	243,975	219,965
In a two-parent family	155	85	75	240	130	115	392,250	205,155	187,095	329,670	172,390	157,285
In a one-parent family	50	35	15	55	25	30	149,655	79,785	69,865	134,270	71,585	62,680
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	40	30	85	30	55	526,370	262,915	263,450	491,830	248,740	243,090
Living alone	25	20	10	60	20	35	367,395	175,660	191,740	341,350	165,410	175,935
Living with other relatives⁷	40	20	15	15	5	10	49,280	22,020	27,255	45,070	20,400	24,670
Living with non-relatives only	5	0	0	10	10	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	105,415	62,925	42,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	155	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	240	...	...	455,970	...	...	394,155	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	220	...	...	370,250	...	...	317,105	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	130	...	...	194,165	...	...	163,645	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	90	...	...	176,085	...	...	153,460	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	77,045	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	5	...	...	13,270	...	...	11,240	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	5	...	...	1,960	...	...	1,730	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	10	...	...	16,550	...	...	14,975	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	5	...	...	55,210	...	...	52,900	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	55	...	...	367,395	...	...	341,345	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	420	210	210	730	345	385	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	1,453,280	713,595	739,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	200	205	695	335	360	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	1,396,100	685,155	710,950
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	33,200	36,800	46,000	48,000	46,000	37,600	39,600	36,000	36,800	38,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	200	205	695	335	360	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	1,396,475	685,330	711,145
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	30,800	32,800	39,600	40,800	39,600	34,000	35,200	32,800	33,200	34,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	175	175	645	315	330	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	1,227,255	612,060	615,200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	28,600	27,000	40,000	43,200	37,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	30,200	34,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	155	160	505	255	250	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	1,021,705	527,390	494,315
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,000	29,800	40,400	45,600	36,800	32,800	36,000	29,600	32,400	35,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	165	185	550	235	310	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	1,175,325	551,265	624,060
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,300	12,100	11,700	11,000	12,100	10,800	9,600	12,000	10,700	9,500	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	25	30	50	15	35	171,705	84,570	87,145	157,000	78,185	78,815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,120	4,000	4,520	6,000	x	6,850	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	85	70	200	95	105	529,640	276,110	253,530	472,820	247,320	225,500
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,200	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	450	220	230	735	350	380	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	225	700	345	350	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	1,396,365	685,790	710,575
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	45,200	40,400	60,100	71,600	48,800	53,250	60,050	46,760	50,120	55,450	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	225	700	345	350	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	1,396,760	685,970	710,790
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,400	35,200	43,900	48,000	39,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	40,680	43,560	37,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	175	190	630	335	295	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	1,226,320	612,170	614,155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	42,400	33,600	56,000	66,400	44,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	45,560	52,350	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	155	175	520	280	235	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	1,021,715	527,765	493,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	42,000	35,600	50,200	62,000	36,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	46,120	51,700	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	170	215	545	245	295	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	1,174,640	550,810	623,830
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,440	10,600	12,100	12,720	11,300	13,800	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,020	10,830	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	20	20	50	20	30	171,360	84,435	86,925	156,980	78,065	78,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	5,200	4,500	10,400	4,500	14,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	6,800	6,070	7,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	75	80	240	120	120	528,305	276,300	252,005	471,875	247,465	224,410
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	9,200	7,800	10,000	10,000	10,000	9,110	9,140	9,070	9,130	9,180	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	445	220	230	730	350	380	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,750	739,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	90	85	245	150	100	514,340	278,505	235,830	452,020	244,470	207,545
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	58,800	46,000	54,400	68,000	48,400	60,000	63,600	56,000	58,400	61,600	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,400	54,000	54,000	82,000	100,000	57,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	74,000	81,500	65,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	95	25	70	220	115	100	504,455	247,565	256,895	450,610	222,280	228,330
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,800	x	9,500	13,500	9,100	22,000	16,400	17,400	15,500	16,400	17,400	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	38,000	18,500	22,200	19,600	25,600	26,920	29,400	24,520	26,120	28,320	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.0	71.0	84.0	89.0	76.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	79.8	84.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	72.0	68.0	62.0	71.0	49.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	67.4	71.8	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	19.6	28.4	16.4	11.2	24.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	20.2	15.7	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.3	0.3	2.4	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.1	8.0	8.4	6.2	5.1	7.6	6.4	5.9	7.0	6.9	6.5	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	7.2	6.8	5.7	4.8	7.0	5.7	5.4	6.0	6.2	6.0	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	420	215	210	730	345	385	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without total income	15	5	10	40	10	25	65,020	32,205	32,820	57,180	28,440	28,735
With total income	405	205	200	695	330	360	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	1,396,100	685,155	710,945
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	25	10	55	25	30	138,250	65,670	72,580	120,165	57,640	62,520
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	40	60	30	35	200,450	93,060	107,390	179,185	83,775	95,410
$20,000 to $29,999	80	45	35	110	50	55	286,825	131,235	155,595	259,695	119,565	140,135
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	30	80	35	45	215,455	102,705	112,755	194,585	93,585	101,000
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	70	35	35	181,505	86,460	95,040	163,390	78,450	84,940
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	25	60	25	35	138,185	64,805	73,380	123,115	58,355	64,755
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	40	20	20	100,060	48,510	51,550	88,460	43,350	45,110
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	45	20	25	74,165	37,625	36,540	64,815	33,230	31,590
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	10	35	10	25	58,400	30,060	28,335	50,645	26,325	24,320
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	20	10	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	36,060	19,280	16,785
$100,000 and over	20	15	5	125	80	50	149,555	92,680	56,875	115,980	71,595	44,385
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	0	70	40	30	90,980	53,275	37,705	74,835	44,155	30,680
$150,000 and over	10	0	0	60	40	25	58,575	39,405	19,170	41,145	27,440	13,705
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	420	215	210	730	345	385	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without after-tax income	15	5	10	40	10	25	64,605	32,005	32,605	56,805	28,265	28,535
With after-tax income	405	205	200	695	330	360	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	1,396,475	685,335	711,140
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	25	15	65	30	30	144,275	67,955	76,320	124,825	59,490	65,335
$10,000 to $19,999	65	25	40	60	30	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	188,395	88,605	99,785
$20,000 to $29,999	85	50	30	120	60	65	334,395	155,845	178,545	303,115	142,120	161,000
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	40	100	50	55	257,145	124,835	132,315	231,960	113,680	118,280
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	35	80	35	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	183,475	88,390	95,090
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	75	35	40	139,760	67,315	72,450	123,490	59,975	63,515
$60,000 to $69,999	25	5	15	45	15	25	93,705	46,700	47,005	81,775	41,055	40,725
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	30	10	15	61,765	31,815	29,945	52,690	27,360	25,330
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	20	15	10	38,975	21,640	17,335	32,505	18,175	14,325
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	25	15	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	21,155	12,260	8,890
$100,000 and over	10	0	0	75	45	35	73,695	48,025	25,665	53,090	34,210	18,885
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	0	40	20	25	33,165	20,265	12,905	25,835	15,730	10,105
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40	25	15	40,530	27,765	12,760	27,260	18,485	8,775
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	420	215	210	730	345	385	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without employment income	115	60	50	225	90	135	495,060	212,405	282,660	431,575	186,210	245,365
With employment income	310	150	155	505	255	250	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	1,021,705	527,385	494,320
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	80	40	40	167,560	82,405	85,155	145,910	71,820	74,090
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	15	45	20	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	99,605	47,595	52,010
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	60	30	35	151,350	72,815	78,530	136,545	66,030	70,515
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	20	30	10	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	105,255	51,415	53,840
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	40	20	15	108,120	55,225	52,890	98,425	50,780	47,640
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	25	45	15	25	104,250	51,950	52,300	94,645	47,585	47,065
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	35	15	20	84,485	42,940	41,540	76,170	39,085	37,085
$60,000 to $69,999	15	15	5	20	10	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	59,460	31,825	27,635
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	0	25	15	15	52,585	28,500	24,080	46,765	25,580	21,185
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	25	5	15	46,000	24,150	21,850	40,295	21,350	18,945
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	10	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	27,160	15,825	11,340
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	90	60	30	115,575	74,545	41,030	91,480	58,500	32,980
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	25	15	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	40,345	24,630	15,710
$125,000 and over	10	0	0	65	40	25	68,050	45,675	22,375	51,135	33,870	17,270
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	420	210	210	730	345	385	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	1,453,280	713,595	739,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	195	680	320	355	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	1,355,225	663,385	691,840
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,000	32,000	47,200	50,400	43,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	33,200	35,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	195	680	320	355	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	1,355,570	663,490	692,080
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	28,800	29,800	40,400	42,400	38,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	30,400	32,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	175	175	645	310	335	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	1,196,380	596,375	600,005
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,400	28,200	39,600	47,600	36,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	31,400	35,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	155	160	510	255	255	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	1,000,475	515,695	484,790
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	37,200	28,800	40,800	52,000	35,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	33,200	36,000	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	140	165	490	205	280	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	1,066,120	490,855	575,265
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,320	7,600	5,520	3,920	7,250	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,280	2,660	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	40	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855	104,820	51,840	52,980
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	x	x	4,640	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	5,080	4,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	450	220	230	735	350	380	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	195	220	680	330	355	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	1,355,285	663,595	691,695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	61,700	81,600	43,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	46,600	52,150	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	195	220	680	330	355	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	1,355,700	663,725	691,975
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	31,200	46,100	59,000	34,000	39,800	43,800	35,920	37,760	40,880	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	170	190	630	320	315	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	1,195,295	596,055	599,245
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,400	43,600	31,800	61,000	79,500	42,000	49,080	57,750	40,560	45,560	52,600	38,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	150	170	520	265	255	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	999,875	515,515	484,355
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,000	45,000	33,600	54,600	70,500	37,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	46,040	51,800	39,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	150	180	465	200	260	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	1,066,040	490,710	575,335
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,640	7,000	10,000	7,800	7,700	7,900	8,250	6,740	9,510	8,160	6,610	9,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	30	0	15	15	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	104,790	51,525	53,260
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,200	...	12,000	9,000	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,380	5,970	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	445	220	230	730	350	380	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,750	739,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	90	80	240	140	95	507,645	274,575	233,070	446,040	241,000	205,040
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,400	51,200	44,400	57,600	67,000	42,000	54,400	58,400	50,400	52,800	56,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,800	54,000	51,000	85,000	108,000	51,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	67,700	75,300	58,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	25	70	200	105	100	462,020	227,495	234,530	411,950	203,780	208,170
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,100	x	11,800	19,000	21,200	19,000	21,800	23,200	20,400	21,600	23,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	40,000	21,000	33,600	31,200	36,500	32,320	35,520	29,240	31,400	34,200	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	88.0	77.0	91.0	94.0	86.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	86.2	90.6	80.8
Employment income (%)	76.5	80.0	73.0	67.5	71.0	62.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	72.8	77.2	67.6
Government transfers (%)	17.2	12.4	22.8	8.6	5.8	13.6	12.8	8.6	18.2	13.8	9.4	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	2.0	x	0.5	0.6	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.9	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	160	...	...	315	...	...	910,355	...	...	816,335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	58,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	55	...	...	367,395	...	...	341,345	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	58,400	...	...	38,000	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	46,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	265	...	...	542,960	...	...	474,990	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	165	...	...	325	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	131,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	85,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	95,600	...	...	74,100	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	45	...	...	367,255	...	...	341,250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	62,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	48,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	48,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	39,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	275	...	...	543,100	...	...	475,105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	143,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	160	...	...	315	...	...	910,355	...	...	816,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	17,005	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	9,785	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	16,775	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	24,425	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	57,720	...	...	54,215	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	41,160	...	...	38,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	37,880	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	41,545	...	...	38,590	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	39,530	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	40,980	...	...	37,970	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	75,485	...	...	69,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	62,125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	60,495	...	...	55,220	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	54,055	...	...	49,040	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	45,830	...	...	41,220	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	180	...	...	270,265	...	...	224,580	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	50	...	...	85,635	...	...	76,005	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	56,205	...	...	48,680	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	62,095	...	...	51,900	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	65	...	...	66,335	...	...	47,995	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	160	...	...	315	...	...	910,355	...	...	816,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	18,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	10,005	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	17,050	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	26,035	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	63,030	...	...	59,285	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	49,660	...	...	46,355	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	45,485	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	51,055	...	...	47,370	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	50,890	...	...	46,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	43,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	78,470	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	75,625	...	...	68,975	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	65,530	...	...	59,285	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	54,850	...	...	49,000	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	45,065	...	...	39,955	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	140	...	...	197,490	...	...	160,295	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	40	...	...	78,870	...	...	68,460	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	45,905	...	...	38,400	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	70	...	...	72,715	...	...	53,430	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	260	...	...	501,830	...	...	435,310	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	90	...	...	179,195	...	...	156,425	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	97,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	81,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	135	...	...	208,260	...	...	175,465	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	160,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	30	...	...	95,875	...	...	86,340	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.6	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30	20	10	70	25	40	477,085	240,895	236,195	446,765	228,335	218,420
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,800	x	47,600	41,600	54,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	34,000	34,400	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	42,000	x	40,400	34,800	45,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	30,800	31,000	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	275	...	...	501,905	...	...	435,360	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	142,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	115,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	100	...	...	179,455	...	...	156,545	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	160,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	125	...	...	208,375	...	...	175,580	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	114,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	40	...	...	95,455	...	...	86,035	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	65,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30	15	0	55	15	45	476,520	240,280	236,245	446,290	227,645	218,645
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	60,000	x	54,000	80,000	46,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	44,280	45,400	43,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,000	x	44,000	60,000	37,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	36,760	37,240	36,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	525	275	250	870	415	455	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	1,723,215	851,580	871,635
0 to 17 years	125	75	45	175	85	90	365,020	186,710	178,315	316,605	161,795	154,815
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	35	15	20	120,615	61,615	58,995	107,500	54,865	52,630
18 to 64 years	330	165	170	515	250	265	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	1,140,405	572,585	567,820
65 years and over	70	30	35	180	80	100	317,425	140,270	177,155	266,200	117,200	149,000
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40	20	20	30	15	15	321,885	154,370	167,510	299,080	143,995	155,085
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	49,430	25,350	24,085
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	17,500	8,905	8,595
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	10	10	5	197,020	99,310	97,710	184,970	93,610	91,360
65 years and over	15	10	10	15	5	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	64,675	25,040	39,635
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.4	8.5	8.0	3.4	3.6	3.2	16.4	16.0	16.9	17.4	16.9	17.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	2.5	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	15.6	15.7	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	16.3	16.2	16.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	7.0	6.0	2.4	2.5	2.5	15.4	15.6	15.3	16.2	16.3	16.1
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.0	25.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	24.3	21.4	26.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	525	275	250	870	420	450	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	1,723,210	851,575	871,630
0 to 17 years	120	75	45	180	90	85	365,025	186,705	178,315	316,610	161,790	154,815
0 to 5 years	40	25	10	30	15	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	107,500	54,870	52,635
18 to 64 years	335	170	170	510	250	265	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	1,140,405	572,580	567,825
65 years and over	65	35	35	180	80	105	317,425	140,265	177,155	266,195	117,200	148,995
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	15	10	25	10	10	213,720	108,905	104,815	199,665	102,220	97,440
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	26,605	13,610	12,995
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	9,255	4,715	4,540
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	15	10	5	153,385	81,765	71,620	144,765	77,525	67,235
65 years and over	0	0	0	5	0	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	28,295	11,090	17,205
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.0	4.5	2.8	2.8	2.8	10.9	11.3	10.6	11.6	12.0	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	8.4	8.4	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	8.6	8.6	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	2.8	4.0	2.5	12.0	12.8	11.2	12.7	13.5	11.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	4.0	x	6.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	10.6	9.5	11.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	525	275	250	870	415	455	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	1,723,215	851,575	871,635
In bottom half of the distribution	280	145	130	325	160	170	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	1,097,735	535,190	562,545
In bottom decile	35	20	15	30	10	15	298,540	147,890	150,655	278,660	138,645	140,020
In second decile	30	15	15	65	30	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	226,095	107,680	118,415
In third decile	50	20	25	75	40	35	240,895	116,550	124,345	221,215	107,370	113,845
In fourth decile	75	40	35	65	25	35	218,125	105,885	112,240	197,520	96,110	101,415
In fifth decile	90	55	40	105	55	50	194,765	95,185	99,580	174,245	85,395	88,855
In top half of the distribution	250	130	120	545	255	285	762,590	384,140	378,450	625,475	316,385	309,090
In sixth decile	70	35	30	90	40	50	172,200	85,100	87,095	150,945	74,795	76,155
In seventh decile	60	30	35	105	45	55	156,540	78,290	78,250	134,455	67,455	67,000
In eighth decile	65	35	35	105	50	50	144,120	72,600	71,525	121,350	61,450	59,900
In ninth decile	30	20	10	95	40	55	134,265	68,285	65,980	108,785	55,650	53,130
In top decile	20	10	10	160	80	80	155,465	79,870	75,595	109,935	57,030	52,905
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	525	...	...	870	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	1,723,210	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.237	...	...	0.418	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.364	...	...	0.506	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.516	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.209	...	...	0.356	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.318	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	525	275	250	870	420	455	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English only	10	5	5	95	45	45	262,290	133,690	128,600	207,690	107,915	99,775
French only	255	130	130	80	30	55	486,845	221,005	265,840	473,490	215,190	258,295
English and French	250	140	110	690	340	345	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	1,018,100	519,275	498,830
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	10	5	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	41,975	16,745	25,230
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	525	275	250	870	420	455	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English	60	35	30	300	155	145	605,220	303,380	301,835	457,725	231,930	225,795
French	415	215	200	455	210	245	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	1,091,480	533,590	557,890
English and French	40	25	15	110	55	55	173,785	88,480	85,300	151,345	77,485	73,865
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	10	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	40,705	16,120	24,585
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	525	275	250	870	420	455	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
Single responses	500	265	235	815	385	430	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	1,615,770	796,000	819,775
Official languages	320	175	150	530	245	285	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	1,044,150	518,340	525,805
English	35	20	15	165	80	85	322,315	162,085	160,230	225,920	115,155	110,765
French	290	150	135	365	165	195	870,975	428,435	442,540	818,225	403,185	415,040
Non-official languages	180	90	90	285	135	145	643,275	311,525	331,750	571,625	277,655	293,970
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	355	125	230
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	190	70	120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	165	60	105
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	25	5	20
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	95	35	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	35	15	20
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	50	20	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	35	10	20
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	5	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	25	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	135	30	105
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	135	30	105
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	15	10	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	90	90	285	135	145	642,820	311,370	331,445	571,270	277,530	293,740
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	55	25	25	129,195	68,395	60,805	119,100	63,230	55,865
Berber languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	15,445	8,305	7,140
Kabyle	5	5	5	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	14,315	7,650	6,660
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	985	570	415
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	150	85	65
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	335	180	160
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	175	100	70
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	165	80	90
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	165	90	75
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	765	360	410
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	735	345	390
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	15	5	5
Semitic languages	5	0	0	50	25	25	112,200	59,320	52,880	102,380	54,295	48,085
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	495	235	255
Arabic	5	0	0	50	25	25	107,605	56,960	50,645	99,450	52,790	46,660
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	120	50	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	40	15	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	70	30	40
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	1,580	845	735
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	705	360	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	23,210	10,690	12,525
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	4,580	2,090	2,500
Vietnamese	0	0	0	10	0	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	18,595	8,585	10,005
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	35	20	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	15,495	6,045	9,455
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	85	40	50
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	305	120	180
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	680	250	430
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	390	130	260
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	1,650	670	980
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	405	165	240
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	15	10	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	410	185	225
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	285	120	160
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	130	65	65
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	160	75	90
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	10,970	4,220	6,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	40	15	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	215	100	115
Creole languages	65	35	35	5	5	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	36,965	16,655	20,310
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	10	5	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	27,145	12,010	15,135
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	10	10	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	910	440	470
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	50	25	20
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	8,605	4,065	4,535
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	230	100	125
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	12,090	6,330	5,765
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	225	140	90
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	1,315	700	610
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	9,175	4,555	4,615
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	1,350	915	430
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	15	10	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	10	5	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	105	45	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	45	40	200	95	105	329,415	158,980	170,435	289,040	139,810	149,235
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	1,795	885	910
Armenian	0	0	0	40	20	25	6,520	3,105	3,420	5,565	2,645	2,920
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	65	30	35	37,235	16,405	20,835	29,665	13,025	16,635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	315	125	195
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	115	55	60
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	205	70	140
Slavic languages	0	0	0	60	30	35	36,800	16,245	20,555	29,350	12,905	16,445
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	5	10	3,670	1,715	1,950	3,100	1,440	1,660
Czech	0	0	0	5	0	5	750	340	415	555	255	300
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	95	40	55
Polish	0	0	0	5	5	5	7,520	3,215	4,300	5,875	2,530	3,345
Russian	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,695	7,755	9,935	14,020	6,080	7,940
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	2,580	1,265	1,320
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	340	170	175
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	865	415	450
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	1,300	645	650
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	80	35	45
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	190	305	345	130	220
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	240	100	140
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	2,490	1,045	1,440
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	20	10	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	40	25	10
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	10	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	15	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	15	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	11,285	5,660	5,630
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	12,245	5,930	6,315	9,860	4,925	4,935
German	0	0	0	10	5	5	4,995	2,220	2,770	3,360	1,560	1,795
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	235	125	110
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	6,270	3,240	3,025
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	895	465	430
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	65	40	25
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	740	390	345
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	85	35	50
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	480	245	230
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	150	70	80
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	65	35	30
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	230	120	110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	45	15	30
Greek	0	0	0	15	10	5	17,080	8,125	8,955	14,410	6,805	7,605
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	68,600	36,145	32,455	58,285	30,880	27,410
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	48,035	25,870	22,165	42,700	23,120	19,580
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	9,850	5,065	4,785
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	4,805	2,565	2,235
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	3,655	2,135	1,520
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	90	40	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	25	15	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	55	35	20
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	345	200	145
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	330	170	160
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	45	25	20
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	16,345	9,050	7,290
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	45	30	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	390	205	190
Urdu	0	0	0	10	10	5	7,550	3,975	3,575	6,535	3,480	3,060
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	170	95	75
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	20,550	10,275	10,275	15,575	7,755	7,820
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	435	245	190
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	25	20	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	975	525	450
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	18,950	9,395	9,555	14,065	6,930	7,135
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	1,085	520	565
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	0	5	16,025	7,945	8,080	11,665	5,750	5,915
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	1,315	665	650
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	70	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	15	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages	80	40	40	55	30	25	183,755	87,295	96,460	167,975	79,875	88,100
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	190	90	95
Italian	20	15	10	15	5	5	63,560	29,680	33,880	57,590	26,825	30,760
Portuguese	0	0	0	5	5	0	19,465	9,245	10,215	18,080	8,625	9,455
Romanian	10	5	5	25	10	10	15,020	7,070	7,945	12,300	5,780	6,525
Spanish	55	20	30	10	5	10	85,395	41,150	44,250	79,720	38,505	41,210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	100	45	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	1,590	475	1,115
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	3,810	1,650	2,160
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	100	35	65
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	13,245	6,595	6,650
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	620	305	315
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	665	360	310
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	60	25	35
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	330	185	150
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	1,245	640	605
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	45	25	20
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	5	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	1,090	490	595
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	1,680	750	930
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	140	60	75
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	150	85	70
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	20	10	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	30	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	1,320	595	720
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	80	40	40
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	205	135	70
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	10	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	795	385	400
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	485	225	255
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	1,495	800	690
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	625	325	295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	2,045	1,060	980
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	340	190	155
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	5	5	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	275	150	120
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	60	35	25
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	275	140	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	35	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	185	90	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	60	30	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	57,075	26,030	31,035	46,550	21,145	25,405
Chinese languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	56,890	25,955	30,935	46,390	21,080	25,315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	210	85	125
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	5	5	37,985	17,270	20,715	29,410	13,275	16,135
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	1,730	760	970
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	440	195	240
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	13,690	6,300	7,390
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	855	435	420
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	120	55	70
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	45	15	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	65	30	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,770	755	1,010	1,705	735	965
Lao	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,320	635	690	1,280	615	665
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	405	115	295
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	15	5	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	5,370	2,745	2,625
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	250	155	95
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	25	15	15
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	4,825	2,455	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	140	65	75
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	40	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	90	30	55
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	2,190	965	1,225
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	70	30	40
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	140	55	85
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	1,985	880	1,105
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	80	40	35
Multiple responses	25	10	15	60	35	25	143,450	71,980	71,470	125,490	63,125	62,360
English and French	0	0	0	25	15	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	35,195	17,970	17,225
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	5	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	26,945	13,375	13,565
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	44,880	22,480	22,400
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	13,590	7,010	6,580
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	4,880	2,290	2,590
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	525	275	250	870	420	455	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English	50	25	25	175	90	90	340,470	170,050	170,425	236,770	119,975	116,790
French	230	120	105	300	140	160	779,125	383,000	396,125	743,335	365,685	377,655
Non-official language	40	20	20	75	30	35	204,395	96,705	107,690	182,560	86,255	96,305
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	70	30	40
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	75	30	35	204,315	96,670	107,645	182,495	86,230	96,265
English and French	10	10	5	80	35	45	173,135	89,205	83,935	146,050	75,850	70,210
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	45	25	20	135,390	66,995	68,400	111,510	55,685	55,830
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	50	20	30	180,900	85,935	94,965	174,715	83,145	91,570
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	150	70	75	154,470	76,450	78,020	135,525	67,480	68,045
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	10,780	5,055	5,720
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	525	275	250	870	420	455	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
Single responses	455	240	220	800	390	420	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	1,586,665	782,610	804,055
Official languages	375	195	180	645	310	335	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	1,255,565	623,405	632,155
English	60	35	30	270	135	135	479,850	239,270	240,580	347,110	175,135	171,970
French	315	165	150	375	180	200	956,130	471,155	484,975	908,455	448,270	460,180
Non-official languages	85	45	40	160	75	80	370,290	177,955	192,335	331,100	159,200	171,905
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	125	50	75
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	80	35	45
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	70	25	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	10	0	5
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	40	20	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	20	10	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	20	5	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	35	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	30	5	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	40	160	75	80	370,125	177,895	192,235	330,975	159,150	171,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	15	10	66,095	34,080	32,015	61,235	31,705	29,525
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	6,795	3,645	3,145
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	6,320	3,390	2,930
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	360	195	165
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	110	55	50
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	125	60	65
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	80	45	45
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	40	15	25
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	120	65	60
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	365	170	195
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	345	160	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	58,585	30,100	28,490	53,825	27,770	26,060
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	240	115	125
Arabic	0	0	0	25	15	15	56,520	29,075	27,445	52,330	27,000	25,325
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	75	30	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	35	5	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	35	20	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	715	375	335
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	445	230	215
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	16,465	7,600	8,865
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	2,860	1,295	1,560
Vietnamese	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	13,590	6,300	7,290
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	9,325	3,930	5,395
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	35	15	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	170	75	100
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	425	180	250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	235	90	145
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	960	415	545
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	170	85	90
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	5
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	115	55	60
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	65	30	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	50	20	25
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	85	45	45
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	6,960	2,890	4,070
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	95	45	50
Creole languages	35	15	15	5	5	5	17,685	7,840	9,845	17,395	7,710	9,685
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	5	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	12,640	5,455	7,185
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	475	225	250
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	10	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	4,185	1,980	2,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	75	40	40
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	9,345	4,775	4,570
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	115	65	50
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	970	520	445
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	7,425	3,635	3,790
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	820	550	275
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	15	110	55	60	188,550	90,370	98,185	168,495	80,690	87,800
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	1,050	505	540
Armenian	0	0	0	25	5	15	4,370	1,985	2,390	3,895	1,770	2,120
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	21,410	9,870	11,540	17,140	7,850	9,295
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	85	40	50
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	35	20	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	50	25	30
Slavic languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	21,300	9,830	11,475	17,055	7,810	9,250
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	20	10	10	2,425	1,165	1,265	2,020	960	1,060
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	165	75	90
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	60	25	30
Polish	0	0	0	5	5	5	3,090	1,355	1,740	2,505	1,085	1,420
Russian	0	0	0	20	5	10	12,475	5,775	6,700	9,755	4,475	5,285
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	1,200	575	630
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	170	80	90
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	365	165	200
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	645	320	325
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	25	5	15
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	70	30	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	85	40	45
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	1,185	545	640
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	5	10	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	6,300	3,280	3,020
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	6,055	3,160	2,895
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	510	245	270
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	5,525	2,905	2,615
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	145	70	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	30	15	15
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	105	55	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	85	40	50
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	15	5	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	45	20	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	10	0	5
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	7,530	3,370	4,165
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	50,680	26,200	24,485	43,235	22,475	20,760
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	32,115	17,085	15,025
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	7,290	3,630	3,660
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	3,250	1,705	1,545
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	2,460	1,380	1,075
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	60	30	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	15	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	160	90	70
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	225	115	105
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	13,485	7,465	6,020
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	245	130	115
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	4,795	2,465	2,335
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	105	55	50
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	11,115	5,390	5,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	220	120	105
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	15	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	750	405	350
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	13,990	6,770	7,220	10,090	4,835	5,250
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	675	320	355
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	0	5	12,080	5,855	6,225	8,570	4,115	4,460
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	845	400	440
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	15	20	10	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	89,325	41,435	47,885
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	75	30	40
Italian	10	0	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	21,255	8,905	12,350
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	9,715	4,550	5,165
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	5	8,915	4,290	4,620	7,290	3,495	3,800
Spanish	30	15	10	5	5	0	54,335	26,035	28,300	50,960	24,440	26,520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	40	25	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	705	285	425
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	2,705	1,205	1,495
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	55	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	4,240	2,060	2,180
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	340	160	180
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	205	100	105
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	85	45	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	455	235	220
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	335	145	190
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	570	255	320
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	25	10	10
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	10	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	465	215	250
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	35	15	20
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	95	65	30
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	290	155	135
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	130	50	80
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	600	325	275
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	180	85	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	330	150	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	105	60	45
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	95	55	40
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	515	300	220
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	90	45	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	305	165	140
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	125	85	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	35,185	16,285	18,900
Chinese languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	35,100	16,245	18,855
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	75	35	35
Mandarin	0	0	0	5	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	23,585	10,965	12,620
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	1,050	460	590
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	285	135	145
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	9,590	4,395	5,195
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	505	250	255
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	65	30	35
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	30	10	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	35	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	420	480	870	405	465
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	360	385	715	350	370
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	150	60	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	3,575	1,790	1,780
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	100	60	40
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	3,325	1,665	1,660
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	100	45	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	25	10	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	695	285	415
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	20	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	675	275	400
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	25	10	10
Multiple responses	65	35	30	70	30	40	173,745	85,640	88,110	154,590	76,515	78,075
English and French	5	5	5	15	10	10	53,305	27,065	26,240	45,705	23,415	22,290
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	20	10	10	39,365	19,140	20,225	32,655	15,945	16,710
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	20	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	55,175	26,790	28,385
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	10	0	5	21,910	10,810	11,100	19,445	9,630	9,820
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	1,605	740	865
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	525	275	250	870	415	450	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
None	375	200	180	585	280	305	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	1,279,175	629,625	649,555
English	10	10	5	55	30	30	131,630	67,290	64,340	115,715	59,690	56,025
French	35	20	15	75	35	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	109,450	53,550	55,895
Non-official language	70	35	40	50	20	25	144,335	69,210	75,130	129,625	62,430	67,195
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	145	55	90
Non-Indigenous	70	35	40	50	20	25	144,155	69,135	75,015	129,480	62,370	67,105
English and French	10	5	5	40	15	20	34,410	17,320	17,090	29,960	15,165	14,790
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	30	20	15	38,875	19,700	19,180	35,695	18,170	17,525
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	30	20	15	33,620	16,170	17,450	27,860	13,495	14,370
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	5	4,120	2,100	2,025	3,580	1,835	1,740
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	10,200	5,165	5,035
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	530	265	265	850	420	435	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	1,723,225	851,610	871,615
Official languages	530	265	265	835	410	425	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	1,681,610	834,860	846,755
English	310	160	150	775	400	375	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	1,216,575	623,125	593,455
French	500	255	255	720	350	370	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	1,475,945	727,525	748,420
Non-official languages	325	155	170	435	205	225	971,455	471,755	499,700	862,365	420,005	442,360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	800	315	485
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	365	150	210
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	260	100	160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	20	0	15
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	150	60	90
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	65	30	40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	70	25	45
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	80	25	60
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	25	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	25	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	90	50	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	30	20	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	55	30	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	35	15	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	20	15	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	30	20	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	25	15	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	315	75	235
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	310	75	235
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	65	50	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	60	45	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	155	170	435	205	225	970,710	471,495	499,220	861,690	419,765	441,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	217,295	113,605	103,690	193,965	101,880	92,090
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	23,765	12,670	11,095
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	21,490	11,425	10,070
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	2,020	1,120	900
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	560	290	270
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	1,205	655	545
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	575	370	210
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	625	290	340
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	745	385	360
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	1,160	540	615
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	1,115	515	600
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	50	15	40
Semitic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	205,120	107,210	97,905	182,025	95,605	86,420
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	780	375	405
Arabic	0	0	0	135	60	75	188,115	98,545	89,565	173,385	91,115	82,270
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	215	95	125
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	45	20	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	155	70	95
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	7,665	4,080	3,580
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	20	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	820	400	420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	75	50	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	30,875	14,470	16,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	6,850	3,180	3,675
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	24,550	11,565	12,985
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	50	25	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	24,510	9,720	14,785
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	175	65	110
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	450	200	255
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	1,155	395	755
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	765	265	500
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	2,925	1,225	1,700
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	805	365	440
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	45	25	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	835	405	425
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	655	320	335
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	185	90	90
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	355	190	165
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	355	165	200
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	120	55	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	21,575	8,340	13,235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	905	390	515
Creole languages	160	80	80	30	20	10	76,295	34,775	41,520	74,245	33,880	40,365
Haitian Creole	160	80	80	10	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	66,445	30,045	36,400
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	215	115	105
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	60	25	40
Morisyen	0	0	0	15	10	10	2,710	1,370	1,340	2,365	1,215	1,140
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	185	100	80
Creole, n.o.s.	75	40	35	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	11,950	5,630	6,320
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	1,520	685	835
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	16,725	8,745	7,975
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	540	325	215
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	1,760	935	825
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	12,940	6,480	6,465
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	2,415	1,600	815
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	30	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	150	75	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	75	85	260	120	140	514,485	250,190	264,295	450,480	219,660	230,825
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	2,425	1,220	1,205
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	7,185	3,350	3,835
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	115	55	65	50,700	23,530	27,165	40,980	19,110	21,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	530	215	315
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	190	85	105
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	340	135	210
Slavic languages	0	0	0	115	55	65	50,190	23,320	26,870	40,615	18,955	21,660
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	160	55	105
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,515	2,155	2,360	3,765	1,820	1,945
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	990	455	535
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	215	80	135
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	7,925	3,535	4,390
Russian	0	0	0	85	45	35	29,515	13,855	15,655	23,995	11,285	12,705
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	3,390	1,700	1,695
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	675	315	365
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	1,515	775	740
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	1,725	840	885
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	95	60	40
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	590	250	340
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	345	145	200
Ukrainian	0	0	0	20	10	15	5,945	2,635	3,310	4,905	2,155	2,745
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	40	10	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	275	150	125
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	35	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	35	20	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	85	45	45
Germanic languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	35,095	17,750	17,345	28,325	14,670	13,655
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	40	20	25
High German languages	0	0	0	20	0	15	31,565	16,090	15,470	25,545	13,365	12,180
German	0	0	0	20	0	15	21,270	10,840	10,435	17,050	8,935	8,110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	300	120	175
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	8,490	4,455	4,030
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	2,020	1,005	1,025
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	205	95	105
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	1,645	825	820
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	20	0	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	175	85	90
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	1,440	725	710
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	425	190	230
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	45	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	285	155	130
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	820	445	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	80	30	50
Greek	0	0	0	15	10	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	20,685	9,850	10,830
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	91,140	48,390	42,750	77,115	41,190	35,920
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	66,760	36,130	30,625	58,875	31,985	26,890
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	35	25	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	12,945	6,685	6,255
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	6,930	3,785	3,140
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	24,370	13,400	10,970
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	195	95	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	40	25	15
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	155	95	60
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	780	440	340
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	485	270	220
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	45	20	35
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	30	15	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	20	0	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	22,580	12,435	10,150
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	100	50	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	845	470	370
Urdu	0	0	0	20	15	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	11,425	6,220	5,200
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	500	325	180
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	18,895	9,560	9,335
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	780	465	315
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	80	35	40
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	1,225	645	580
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	17,095	8,600	8,495
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	1,280	645	640
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	14,160	7,125	7,040
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	1,790	920	865
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	105	55	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	80	45	35
Italic (Romance) languages	165	75	85	95	45	50	324,695	154,360	170,340	293,340	139,795	153,545
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	715	400	315
Italian	95	45	50	30	20	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	95,535	45,630	49,905
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	28,840	14,425	14,410
Romanian	0	0	0	20	15	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	15,245	7,225	8,020
Spanish	80	40	40	40	10	20	193,835	91,345	102,490	177,230	83,945	93,280
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	405	240	165
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	115	70	45
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	4,585	2,190	2,400
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	5,035	2,200	2,835
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	180	55	120
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	31,565	16,015	15,555
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	1,340	755	585
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	1,540	790	745
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	245	115	125
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	865	505	360
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	2,730	1,485	1,245
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	220	145	75
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	75	40	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	45	0	40
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	485	280	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	1,825	855	970
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	7,315	3,405	3,910
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	520	225	295
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	620	340	280
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	20	15	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	115	70	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	2,045	1,010	1,035
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	245	150	95
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	465	310	155
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	45	15	30
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	3,405	1,710	1,695
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	1,005	510	495
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	4,030	2,185	1,840
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	2,040	1,025	1,015
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	7,005	3,630	3,375
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	705	390	315
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	690	385	310
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	425	225	200
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	1,985	795	1,185
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	495	160	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	1,345	510	830
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	340	210	130
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	56,545	26,095	30,455
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	56,370	26,025	30,340
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	335	170	160
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	10	10	51,885	23,845	28,040	41,405	18,880	22,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	2,725	1,170	1,560
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	695	310	390
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	19,045	8,640	10,405
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	860	455	410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	105	50	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	180	60	115
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	65	10	60
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	95	50	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	55	30	30
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	2,755	1,240	1,520
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	1,985	965	1,020
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	1,085	390	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	30	15	20
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	9,265	4,570	4,695
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	520	325	200
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	60	35	25
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	8,445	4,105	4,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	205	95	110
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	140	85	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	205	90	115
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	3,265	1,435	1,835
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	85	35	50
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	245	120	125
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	2,945	1,280	1,660
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	425	215	205
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	530	265	270	850	415	430	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	15	0	15	16,675	7,720	8,955	15,315	7,080	8,235
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	10	0	10	15,520	7,185	8,335	14,315	6,630	7,685
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	8,065	3,655	4,415
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	5,705	2,835	2,870
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	545	135	405
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	305	150	155
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	695	305	385
Non-Indigenous identity	530	260	270	830	415	415	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	1,707,915	844,530	863,385
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	530	265	270	850	415	430	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	3,465	1,570	1,890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	530	265	270	840	415	420	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	1,719,765	850,040	869,730
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
Owner	130	...	...	315	...	...	360,125	...	...	297,340	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	0	...	...	550,240	...	...	519,020	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0	...	...	192,985	...	...	178,700	...	...
Not condominium	155	...	...	320	...	...	717,375	...	...	637,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	19,020	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	0	...	...	267,715	...	...	254,075	...	...
2 bedrooms	20	...	...	30	...	...	303,875	...	...	284,300	...	...
3 bedrooms	70	...	...	120	...	...	220,945	...	...	194,410	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	65	...	...	165	...	...	98,090	...	...	64,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20	...	...	15	...	...	501,570	...	...	473,475	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	25	...	...	166,230	...	...	155,105	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	55	...	...	78,495	...	...	69,335	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	70	...	...	58,850	...	...	48,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	165	...	...	105,210	...	...	70,315	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	7.7	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
One person or fewer per room	155	...	...	320	...	...	881,730	...	...	789,745	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	26,615	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
Suitable	140	...	...	310	...	...	834,885	...	...	745,905	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	10	...	...	75,475	...	...	70,450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
1960 or before	25	...	...	90	...	...	325,005	...	...	293,880	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	160	...	...	282,605	...	...	248,030	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	50	...	...	101,185	...	...	89,700	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	57,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	28,770	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	30,795	...	...
2011 to 2015	15	...	...	10	...	...	35,320	...	...	33,075	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	34,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	145	...	...	300	...	...	833,540	...	...	746,280	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	20	...	...	76,815	...	...	70,075	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
One-maintainer household	65	...	...	140	...	...	543,605	...	...	494,140	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	150	...	...	333,140	...	...	291,245	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	30	...	...	33,620	...	...	30,970	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	165	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	40,960	...	...	39,665	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	25	...	...	162,375	...	...	154,835	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	45	...	...	171,535	...	...	156,945	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	50	...	...	155,520	...	...	137,925	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	100	...	...	156,865	...	...	137,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	55	...	...	122,825	...	...	105,800	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	35	...	...	70,345	...	...	59,160	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	24,920	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	160	...	...	320	...	...	902,485	...	...	808,950	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	255	...	...	686,075	...	...	612,990	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	65	...	...	216,410	...	...	195,960	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15	...	...	55	...	...	189,795	...	...	171,990	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	160	...	...	320	...	...	910,360	...	...	816,355	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	80	...	...	330,635	...	...	301,530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20	...	...	55	...	...	186,350	...	...	168,425	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	52,965	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	0	...	...	50,745	...	...	46,120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	10,065	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	15	...	...	18,075	...	...	16,530	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	6,480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	940	...	...
Acceptable housing	115	...	...	240	...	...	579,720	...	...	514,825	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	155	...	...	310	...	...	875,865	...	...	784,980	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	82,165	...	...
Not in core need	150	...	...	300	...	...	787,925	...	...	702,815	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	310	...	...	360,120	...	...	297,340	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.9	...	...	59.7	...	...	60.0	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	19.4	...	...	17.4	...	...	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	3.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,380	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,480	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,532	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	576,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	584,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	0	...	...	550,235	...	...	519,015	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	8.4	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	28.4	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...	890	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	x	...	...	987	...	...	969	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	530	260	265	850	415	430	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	1,723,230	851,615	871,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	8,560	3,785	4,780
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	8,395	3,715	4,680
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	7,165	3,225	3,935
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	880	380	500
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	350	110	240
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	170	70	100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	90	45	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	70	20	55
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	15	10	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	28,175	12,775	15,400
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	15	10	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	27,945	12,705	15,240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	25,185	11,485	13,695
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	2,455	1,140	1,310
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	310	80	235
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	225	70	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	195	60	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	525	260	265	820	405	415	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	1,686,490	835,050	851,435
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	530	265	265	845	420	430	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	520	260	260	805	390	415	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	1,434,570	703,030	731,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	65	50	135	70	65	322,965	164,980	157,985	279,730	142,810	136,925
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	415	195	220	670	320	350	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	1,154,835	560,215	594,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	45	25	15	313,410	160,530	152,885	288,660	148,585	140,075
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	530	265	265	845	420	430	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	360	170	190	520	250	265	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	1,017,325	502,500	514,820
Immigrants⁸¹	170	90	80	330	165	165	652,730	313,955	338,770	576,120	278,025	298,100
Before 1980	45	25	20	55	20	35	108,265	50,530	57,735	87,415	40,730	46,685
1980 to 1990	30	10	15	65	30	40	69,695	34,150	35,545	59,835	29,275	30,555
1991 to 2000	60	25	35	35	15	15	106,810	50,520	56,290	95,220	45,340	49,880
2001 to 2010	25	15	15	105	60	45	154,780	74,520	80,255	139,575	67,480	72,090
2011 to 2021⁸²	15	15	0	65	40	30	213,175	104,225	108,950	194,080	95,195	98,885
2011 to 2015	10	10	0	30	10	20	99,070	48,005	51,065	90,040	43,785	46,255
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	40	25	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	104,040	51,410	52,630
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,240	75,380	62,860	129,780	71,085	58,695
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	170	95	80	330	165	165	652,725	313,955	338,770	576,125	278,025	298,100
Under 5 years	0	0	0	25	15	10	52,990	26,810	26,180	45,920	23,340	22,575
5 to 14 years	65	50	20	65	30	30	103,285	51,965	51,320	90,130	45,385	44,740
15 to 24 years	45	10	40	75	45	25	118,475	53,035	65,440	104,655	46,955	57,705
25 to 44 years	55	30	25	145	65	85	326,320	158,620	167,700	290,245	141,865	148,380
45 years and over	0	0	0	25	10	15	51,660	23,520	28,140	45,170	20,475	24,700
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	170	95	80	330	165	165	652,725	313,955	338,770	576,125	278,025	298,100
Americas	125	70	55	35	25	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	127,690	58,995	68,690
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	3,760	1,770	1,990
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	8,195	3,835	4,360
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	6,400	3,265	3,130
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	1,350	660	690
Haiti	90	55	40	15	15	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	47,555	21,110	26,445
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	2,670	1,090	1,585
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	8,225	4,005	4,220
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	6,715	3,060	3,660
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	2,120	970	1,155
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	10	12,515	6,350	6,170	10,180	5,260	4,920
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	10	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	30,520	13,985	16,535
Europe	35	25	10	115	55	60	158,795	76,610	82,190	137,155	66,390	70,765
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	780	390	385
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	760	390	375
France	0	0	0	10	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	39,280	20,790	18,485
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	2,480	1,285	1,200
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	7,730	3,445	4,285
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	1,365	650	720
Italy	35	25	10	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	30,215	14,095	16,120
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	500	310	190
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	4,685	1,965	2,720
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	7,715	3,520	4,195
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	9,655	4,440	5,215
Russian Federation	0	0	0	20	0	15	7,050	2,865	4,180	5,520	2,235	3,290
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	675	320	350
Ukraine	0	0	0	20	10	10	5,385	2,345	3,035	4,385	1,940	2,445
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	4,005	2,245	1,755
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	40	30	15	21,205	10,115	11,095	17,395	8,365	9,030
Africa	0	0	0	30	15	20	152,205	77,515	74,690	140,555	71,665	68,890
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	43,840	22,680	21,165
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	6,025	2,765	3,265
Egypt	0	0	0	10	10	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	9,400	4,720	4,685
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	495	250	250
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	660	305	355
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	33,005	16,490	16,515
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	1,200	630	565
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	400	200	200
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	415	275	140
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	15	10	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	45,115	23,355	21,760
Asia	0	0	0	140	75	70	202,715	95,775	106,935	169,860	80,480	89,375
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	1,100	570	535
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	9,815	4,825	4,990
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	1,610	890	725
Lebanon	0	0	0	50	30	25	20,215	10,625	9,585	17,455	9,230	8,220
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	12,040	6,095	5,940
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	4,010	2,020	1,995
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	20	10	10	32,815	14,710	18,100	26,330	11,650	14,680
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	2,375	1,130	1,245
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	2,680	1,185	1,495
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	1,265	540	725
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	20,475	7,940	12,535
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	16,395	7,460	8,935
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	7,035	3,560	3,475
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	13,570	7,040	6,525
Pakistan	0	0	0	20	10	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	5,730	3,040	2,690
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	6,965	3,425	3,540
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	35	10	20	25,115	11,780	13,335	21,010	9,890	11,120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	860	485	375
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	40	20	15	114,110	56,220	57,885	104,040	51,410	52,625
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	15,850	7,650	8,205
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	1,105	455	645
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	1,260	575	685
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	5,495	2,700	2,795
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	135	70	60
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	1,320	690	625
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	2,255	1,165	1,090
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	915	355	555
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	3,375	1,630	1,740
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	17,760	9,335	8,425
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	11,735	6,290	5,445
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	235	130	105
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	55	45	10
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	420	260	160
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	625	235	390
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	750	355	395
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	480	290	185
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	3,465	1,725	1,740
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	34,835	17,255	17,575
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	10,085	4,925	5,160
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	395	340	715	385	335
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	3,555	1,730	1,825
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	1,490	645	845
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	1,625	785	835
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	1,470	795	675
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	275	145	125
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	90	40	45
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	5,375	2,535	2,835
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	550	310	240
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	40	25	20
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	105	55	50
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	70	40	35
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	3,360	1,755	1,610
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	6,015	3,075	2,945
Asia	0	0	0	35	20	15	41,495	19,890	21,600	35,290	16,975	18,315
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	180	95	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	960	465	495
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	4,960	2,085	2,875
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	55	10	40
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	5,690	3,035	2,655
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	2,275	1,025	1,250
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	245	145	100
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	145	90	60
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	185	55	130
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	355	160	195
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	750	320	435
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	1,710	930	775
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	180	110	75
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	1,030	520	505
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	5,730	2,455	3,280
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	860	540	325
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	500	205	295
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	5,895	3,065	2,835
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	520	295	225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	580	290	290
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	910	395	515
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	1,565	680	880
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	305	195	110
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	195	125	65
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	110	70	45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	530	265	265	850	415	435	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	1,723,225	851,610	871,615
First generation¹⁰⁰	170	90	75	335	160	170	813,905	400,325	413,580	725,270	358,390	366,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	205	90	115	205	100	110	424,225	212,755	211,475	361,130	181,485	179,645
Third generation or more¹⁰²	155	85	70	305	155	150	721,230	352,590	368,630	636,825	311,740	325,090
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	125	70	60	280	140	135	544,455	263,425	281,040	488,705	237,295	251,410
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	50	30	25	155	80	80	303,105	155,090	148,020	267,215	137,555	129,660
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	15	0	60	45	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	135,610	78,460	57,150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	15	20	95	35	55	152,090	67,890	84,205	131,610	59,100	72,515
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	55	25	30	50	30	20	146,645	59,645	87,000	133,215	54,390	78,825
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	65	35	35	85,165	44,145	41,025	79,320	41,035	38,285
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	8,955	4,310	4,645
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	125	70	60	280	140	135	544,455	263,425	281,040	488,705	237,295	251,410
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	30	15	15	53,655	28,340	25,310	50,275	26,560	23,710
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	10	20	10	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	50,365	23,725	26,640
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	11,765	6,105	5,655
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	10	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	25,200	14,095	11,105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	4,400	1,875	2,525
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	95	50	40	200	100	100	387,815	184,015	203,795	346,705	164,930	181,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	530	265	270	850	415	430	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	285	140	145	185	90	95	737,510	363,785	373,725	668,975	330,800	338,175
South Asian	0	0	0	15	15	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	79,670	42,620	37,050
Chinese	0	0	0	20	10	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	56,935	26,075	30,860
Black	215	110	105	60	25	35	208,805	101,125	107,680	198,610	96,350	102,255
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	27,355	11,555	15,805
Arab	0	0	0	85	35	45	151,890	79,375	72,515	141,935	74,355	67,585
Latin American	70	25	40	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	78,150	38,450	39,705
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	37,905	17,950	19,955
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	17,500	8,735	8,765
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	5,245	2,365	2,880
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	2,645	1,045	1,600
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	5,470	2,675	2,795
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	17,540	8,615	8,920
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	240	120	120	665	330	335	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	1,054,255	520,810	533,445
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	530	265	265	845	420	435	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Canadian	55	25	30	65	35	30	241,015	115,880	125,135	216,645	104,085	112,565
English	10	10	0	40	30	10	59,710	30,025	29,685	43,185	22,080	21,110
Irish	0	0	0	20	15	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	80,635	38,520	42,120
Scottish	0	0	0	40	35	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	44,880	21,650	23,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	55	35	15	185	90	90	336,880	169,710	167,170	307,670	155,535	152,135
German	0	0	0	60	30	30	40,360	19,305	21,050	31,730	15,215	16,510
Chinese	0	0	0	15	10	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	61,715	28,350	33,365
Italian	120	65	60	75	35	40	156,025	76,485	79,535	135,430	66,225	69,205
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	36,920	19,740	17,180
Ukrainian	0	0	0	25	10	10	19,025	9,095	9,930	14,865	7,080	7,785
Dutch	0	0	0	25	20	10	8,425	4,145	4,285	6,520	3,225	3,295
Polish	0	0	0	15	0	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	23,515	11,460	12,060
Québécois	0	0	0	65	40	25	108,910	54,650	54,260	103,145	51,885	51,265
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	35	20	15	17,025	8,610	8,415	11,665	6,000	5,670
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	26,105	11,050	15,045
French Canadian	0	0	0	25	10	15	66,400	31,740	34,655	59,380	28,470	30,910
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	19,910	10,385	9,530
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	15,970	7,210	8,760
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	3,645	1,645	2,000
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	15	0	15	26,895	13,510	13,380	22,450	11,380	11,070
Russian	0	0	0	55	20	35	28,610	13,415	15,195	20,180	9,420	10,760
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	2,370	1,150	1,220
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	3,345	1,715	1,630
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	23,120	11,280	11,840
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	11,970	5,910	6,055
Spanish	25	15	10	20	10	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	31,535	15,600	15,940
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	2,500	1,180	1,320
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	12,160	5,830	6,335	9,065	4,385	4,680
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	11,725	5,325	6,400
Pakistani	0	0	0	20	15	10	10,350	5,580	4,770	9,080	4,870	4,210
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	10	10	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	33,155	16,460	16,695
Jewish	0	0	0	10	0	10	47,415	23,905	23,515	26,680	13,550	13,135
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	5,655	3,385	2,270
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	26,955	12,890	14,070
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	40	15	20	56,950	30,125	26,830	52,935	28,050	24,885
Greek	15	0	0	15	15	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	26,980	13,250	13,725
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	5,905	2,760	3,140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	8,475	3,860	4,610
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	780	355	430
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	5,445	2,485	2,960
Romanian	0	0	0	25	10	10	21,785	10,470	11,320	16,255	7,785	8,470
Lebanese	0	0	0	75	25	50	36,445	18,790	17,650	30,115	15,635	14,475
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	12,890	6,310	6,575
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	11,615	5,780	5,835
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	1,820	845	970
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	3,710	1,705	2,005
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	3,335	1,775	1,560
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	3,485	1,725	1,755
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	10,940	5,520	5,420
Haitian	205	105	95	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	80,485	37,710	42,775
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	5,610	3,195	2,420
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	15,365	7,685	7,680
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	385	195	195
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	5,470	2,695	2,775
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	1,000	425	580
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	7,720	3,820	3,905
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	2,230	1,080	1,155
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	3,565	1,490	2,075
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	1,770	970	800
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	2,310	1,015	1,300
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	1,300	685	615
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	8,530	4,530	3,995
Egyptian	0	0	0	35	25	10	16,840	8,750	8,090	13,040	6,810	6,230
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	12,215	6,250	5,965
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	4,835	2,245	2,585
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	345	205	145
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	11,580	5,525	6,055
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	37,360	19,125	18,235
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	2,395	1,080	1,315
Syrian	0	0	0	20	10	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	13,935	6,830	7,105
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	1,650	815	835
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	1,885	1,005	885
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	7,275	3,530	3,740
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	1,755	835	920
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	250	130	125
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	390	230	160
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	1,000	460	540
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	795	370	430
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	4,285	2,325	1,955
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	2,925	1,500	1,425
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	8,160	4,055	4,105
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	775	220	555
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	8,790	4,475	4,310
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	40,570	21,135	19,435
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	6,440	3,085	3,355
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	1,780	820	955
Armenian	0	0	0	25	15	15	13,180	6,320	6,860	10,715	5,120	5,595
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	1,375	640	735
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	2,990	1,430	1,555
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	1,155	550	610
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	1,860	860	1,000
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	1,770	975	800
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	9,125	4,430	4,700
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	5,045	2,265	2,780
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	1,775	775	995
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	3,005	1,655	1,355
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	4,900	2,065	2,835
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	1,725	860	865
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	1,900	775	1,120
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	2,110	930	1,180
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	465	220	245
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	830	405	425
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	3,525	1,890	1,640
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	6,025	2,985	3,040
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	9,965	4,820	5,140
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	505	225	280
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	965	495	475
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	3,165	1,615	1,550
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	8,415	3,870	4,545
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	1,710	940	770
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	8,775	4,125	4,650
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	19,835	10,545	9,290
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	2,560	1,300	1,260
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	360	200	160
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	325	165	160
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	825	365	455
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	2,185	1,225	960
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	850	430	425
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	880	475	405
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	615	305	310
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	1,290	680	610
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	2,760	1,485	1,275
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	1,345	600	740
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	550	235	315
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	4,040	1,955	2,085
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	100	35	65
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	1,735	925	810
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	2,410	1,195	1,215
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	1,600	790	810
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	825	450	375
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	11,510	6,360	5,150
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	1,350	615	725
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	3,770	1,915	1,850
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	510	245	270
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	3,895	1,730	2,160
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	1,610	705	905
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	625	330	295
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	3,570	1,775	1,800
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	6,740	3,360	3,380
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	4,875	2,545	2,330
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	1,000	455	540
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	2,510	1,280	1,235
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	1,085	525	565
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	310	160	150
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	585	295	290
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	90	40	50
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	1,190	565	630
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	675	355	315
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	2,545	1,310	1,230
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	365	215	150
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	1,470	840	635
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	390	185	205
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	715	370	345
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	2,240	1,170	1,070
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	1,150	395	755
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	5,245	2,460	2,790
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	430	240	185
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	10,940	5,660	5,275
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	345	150	200
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	565	325	240
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	1,090	555	535
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	100	45	50
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	1,685	750	935
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	3,295	1,630	1,665
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	1,120	500	615
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	265	150	115
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	300	155	145
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	3,775	1,765	2,010
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	45	20	25
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	375	205	165
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	35	15	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	5,440	2,890	2,545
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	1,425	655	770
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	70	25	45
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	690	295	400
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	1,565	705	860
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	1,850	905	940
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	260	105	155
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	3,370	1,610	1,760
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	35	10	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	140	60	85
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	2,120	1,025	1,090
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	370	210	160
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	1,255	630	625
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	1,955	1,080	870
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	210	95	115
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	2,215	885	1,330
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	770	430	340
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	110	45	60
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	50	15	35
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	2,125	975	1,155
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	910	350	560
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	335	185	150
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	110	40	75
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	310	150	165
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	1,695	900	795
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	2,260	1,015	1,240
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	195	90	100
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	15	10	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	280	135	140
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	520	265	255
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	90	45	50
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	3,165	1,585	1,580
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	510	260	245
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	970	495	470
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	475	245	220
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	300	135	165
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	115	55	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	1,635	815	815
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	135	65	70
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	180	105	75
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	225	105	120
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	480	210	270
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	730	310	415
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	325	145	180
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	2,160	1,115	1,040
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	125	60	65
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	100	55	50
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	50	25	25
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	175	85	90
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	515	275	240
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	1,415	675	740
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	590	320	270
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	980	515	465
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	785	450	335
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	545	270	270
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	870	500	370
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	290	105	185
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	2,380	1,260	1,120
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	2,670	1,375	1,290
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	255	100	155
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	200	70	135
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	2,000	1,140	865
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	180	125	55
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	235	110	125
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	720	425	295
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	215	105	115
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	1,625	755	865
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	75	40	30
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	75	55	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	290	130	155
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	100	45	55
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	95	45	45
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	90	35	60
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	530	265	270	850	415	430	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	1,723,230	851,610	871,620
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	26,395	11,650	14,745
Christian	465	230	240	585	275	310	969,945	451,410	518,540	853,205	397,365	455,840
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	20	35	110	55	55	116,635	55,545	61,090	105,435	50,405	55,035
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	195	80	120
Anglican	0	0	0	10	10	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	9,480	4,260	5,220
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	11,620	5,335	6,290
Catholic	240	120	120	335	155	180	675,695	314,690	361,010	602,630	280,655	321,975
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	75	35	40	68,635	32,680	35,950	55,730	26,490	29,235
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	30	10	15	7,225	2,890	4,335	6,790	2,720	4,070
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	1,140	520	620
Lutheran	0	0	0	15	0	15	2,255	1,000	1,255	1,510	685	825
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	840	400	440
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	14,860	6,485	8,380
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	2,615	1,230	1,380
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	310	150	165
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	3,950	1,655	2,295
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	105	60	50	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	36,100	16,305	19,790
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	30,430	16,600	13,835
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	35,930	17,990	17,940
Muslim	0	0	0	55	25	25	233,440	121,145	112,290	218,395	113,570	104,820
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	15,630	8,360	7,265
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	205	80	130
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	8,860	4,145	4,710
No religion and secular perspectives	55	35	25	185	105	85	590,140	310,985	279,165	534,180	281,845	252,340
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	525	260	260	830	415	420	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	1,706,230	842,970	863,255
Non-movers	515	260	250	750	370	380	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	1,471,775	723,745	748,030
Movers	10	0	10	80	40	40	255,365	129,500	125,865	234,450	119,225	115,230
Non-migrants	10	0	0	75	40	35	186,805	94,745	92,055	174,665	88,775	85,895
Migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	68,560	34,750	33,810	59,790	30,455	29,335
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	31,510	15,825	15,685
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	22,730	11,190	11,535
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	8,780	4,635	4,145
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	28,280	14,630	13,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	510	260	250	815	400	415	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	1,634,705	806,720	827,980
Non-movers	350	180	170	530	260	270	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	890,430	431,050	459,385
Movers	160	80	80	280	140	145	821,475	413,250	408,230	744,270	375,675	368,595
Non-migrants	120	60	60	160	75	85	433,700	216,030	217,670	416,555	207,830	208,725
Migrants	40	25	20	130	65	60	387,770	197,215	190,560	327,720	167,840	159,875
Internal migrants	35	20	20	80	45	35	190,035	93,955	96,075	145,860	72,315	73,545
Intraprovincial migrants	35	20	20	80	45	35	159,710	78,770	80,940	118,675	58,715	59,960
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	27,185	13,600	13,580
External migrants	0	0	0	45	20	25	197,735	103,260	94,485	181,860	95,525	86,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	445	215	230	730	350	380	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	105	55	50	60	25	40	274,820	136,500	138,320	253,885	125,810	128,075
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	165	175	675	330	345	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	1,199,415	587,940	611,470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280	145	130	480	250	230	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	981,205	492,180	489,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	30	30	20	10	10	121,295	65,950	55,345	115,240	62,335	52,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	120	105	465	235	225	975,700	481,690	494,005	865,970	429,855	436,115
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	450	220	225	735	355	380	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
No certificate, diploma or degree	75	40	40	40	0	35	247,460	120,840	126,625	228,310	111,220	117,090
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	145	65	80	155	80	75	319,755	162,520	157,240	281,440	143,785	137,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	120	110	540	265	275	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	943,545	458,740	484,805
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	100	80	240	110	130	473,060	232,855	240,210	420,630	208,325	212,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	60	25	55	45	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	135,320	75,570	59,755
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	40	25	40	35	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	98,575	50,165	48,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	20	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	36,750	25,405	11,335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	35	45	165	60	110	260,845	122,345	138,495	226,630	107,020	119,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	10	20	10	10	66,045	28,760	37,285	58,675	25,735	32,945
Bachelor's degree or higher	45	20	30	295	155	140	609,855	291,355	318,505	522,915	250,415	272,500
Bachelor's degree	35	10	25	195	100	90	344,605	160,320	184,285	294,530	137,550	156,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	30	15	15	58,945	27,280	31,665	51,000	23,685	27,315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	15	16,885	8,385	8,500	13,135	6,300	6,830
Master's degree	0	0	0	40	25	15	159,510	78,325	81,190	138,940	68,590	70,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	25	15	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	25,315	14,295	11,025
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	275	145	135	480	250	235	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	981,210	492,185	489,025
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	0	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	97,670	52,760	44,910
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	30	30	70	45	25	162,205	88,420	73,785	146,020	79,740	66,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	180	95	80	410	205	200	831,975	403,420	428,555	737,515	359,680	377,835
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	80	55	165	75	90	333,160	167,260	165,895	302,205	152,275	149,925
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	50	20	45	30	10	110,390	60,690	49,700	103,365	56,740	46,625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	35	20	30	25	10	81,090	40,585	40,505	76,115	38,060	38,055
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	10	10	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	27,250	18,680	8,565
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	25	30	110	40	75	174,185	84,745	89,445	155,015	75,780	79,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	0	15	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	43,825	19,755	24,070
Bachelor's degree or higher	40	15	20	240	130	115	498,815	236,155	262,665	435,315	207,405	227,905
Bachelor's degree	40	15	20	160	85	80	276,640	128,890	147,745	239,785	112,440	127,345
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	42,855	19,650	23,205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	10,470	4,595	5,875
Master's degree	0	0	0	35	25	15	137,150	66,720	70,430	121,575	59,570	62,010
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	15	10	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	20,630	11,160	9,475
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	445	220	225	735	355	380	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	1,453,300	713,750	739,550
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	220	100	120	195	85	110	567,220	283,355	283,860	509,755	255,010	254,740
Education	0	0	0	30	10	25	56,030	12,985	43,045	47,580	11,515	36,060
13. Education	0	0	0	30	10	25	56,030	12,985	43,045	47,580	11,515	36,060
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	25	10	20	69,210	32,705	36,505	63,605	30,650	32,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	7,690	5,340	2,350
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	25	10	20	61,135	27,085	34,045	55,915	25,310	30,600
Humanities	0	0	0	20	10	10	78,920	30,815	48,110	69,055	27,655	41,405
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	13,280	3,420	9,860
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	7,005	2,310	4,695
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	24,785	10,755	14,030
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	750	270	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	4,470	2,710	1,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	1,895	1,240	655
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	5,890	3,170	2,720
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	10,980	3,785	7,195
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	25	75	25	50	157,220	58,185	99,040	135,105	49,230	85,875
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	1,930	580	1,345
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	21,825	7,570	14,260
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	10	0	10	18,245	2,110	16,130	16,140	1,820	14,315
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	20	0	15	28,365	11,670	16,690	24,300	9,690	14,610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	3,725	1,115	2,610
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	18,040	4,375	13,670
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	35	15	20	59,300	29,185	30,110	49,145	24,080	25,070
Business, management and public administration	45	15	25	125	60	60	248,895	110,950	137,945	212,570	93,910	118,660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	195	110	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	10,270	2,590	7,675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	15	25	120	55	60	237,125	108,040	129,090	202,105	91,205	110,895
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	30	20	15	57,445	29,770	27,670	48,295	25,025	23,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	19,755	8,140	11,615
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	10	10,555	5,610	4,945	7,970	4,260	3,710
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	4,885	2,495	2,400
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	16,655	10,925	5,725	14,030	9,170	4,855
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	1,650	965	690
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	20	10	15	65,435	46,010	19,420	58,555	41,475	17,080
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	15	10	10	53,075	39,595	13,480	47,925	35,890	12,030
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	3,205	810	2,400
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	6,060	3,785	2,280
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	1,365	995	375
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	65	0	145	115	30	173,380	143,615	29,765	153,375	127,040	26,335
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	15	0	15	13,085	7,045	6,040	11,945	6,400	5,550
14. Engineering	10	10	0	60	50	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	67,700	52,785	14,915
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	40	25	15	27,365	23,480	3,885	24,350	20,890	3,460
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	19,805	18,840	970
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0	15	15	0	20,645	19,920	730	18,350	17,680	675
48. Precision production	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,110	11,340	775	11,150	10,425	725
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	10,155	5,040	5,115
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	6,670	3,340	3,330
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	3,490	1,700	1,785
Health and related fields	35	0	30	45	0	40	122,295	30,795	91,495	106,500	26,315	80,185
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	10	0	10	6,950	3,490	3,460	6,050	3,110	2,945
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	35	0	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	95,775	20,920	74,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	170	75	100
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	4,505	2,215	2,290
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	20	10	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	38,585	20,835	17,750
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	24,500	9,050	15,445
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	160	160	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	6,385	4,920	1,465
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	7,525	6,685	840
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	165	45	120
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	280	150	135	480	250	230	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	981,205	492,180	489,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105	50	55	75	45	30	265,025	144,230	120,800	243,690	132,500	111,190
Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	33,780	8,105	25,675
13. Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	38,405	8,860	29,545	33,780	8,105	25,675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	20	0	20	54,840	26,500	28,340	50,935	25,035	25,900
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	6,360	4,440	1,920
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	20	0	20	48,205	21,870	26,335	44,575	20,595	23,980
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	46,970	18,990	27,980
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	10,150	2,655	7,500
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	5,430	1,810	3,620
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	14,680	6,710	7,965
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	530	180	345
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	3,255	1,965	1,290
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	1,090	765	325
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	4,355	2,340	2,015
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	7,470	2,560	4,910
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	20	60	20	40	121,985	44,105	77,880	106,455	38,085	68,370
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	1,550	480	1,065
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	18,665	6,420	12,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	10	0	10	14,380	1,525	12,850	12,815	1,340	11,475
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	15	0	15	22,425	8,630	13,785	19,485	7,385	12,100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	2,760	840	1,925
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	13,520	3,205	10,310
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	25	10	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	37,670	18,415	19,255
Business, management and public administration	35	10	25	100	50	50	199,525	87,920	111,600	173,115	76,040	97,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	165	90	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	8,055	2,070	5,980
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	25	95	45	50	190,410	85,600	104,810	164,900	73,875	91,030
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	20	20	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	32,990	16,980	16,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	16,185	6,735	9,450
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	3,955	2,115	1,840
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	1,310	725	585
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	10	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	10,390	6,710	3,680
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	1,150	700	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	25	10	15	53,860	38,275	15,590	48,495	34,620	13,875
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	15	10	10	45,135	33,805	11,335	40,770	30,640	10,130
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	2,310	595	1,715
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	4,525	2,760	1,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	890	625	265
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	105	80	30	137,395	112,025	25,370	123,175	100,630	22,545
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	15	0	15	10,855	5,700	5,155	10,010	5,255	4,750
14. Engineering	10	10	0	40	40	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	57,935	44,795	13,135
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	35	25	10	20,510	17,545	2,955	18,540	15,920	2,620
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	15,040	14,235	805
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	10	10	0	15,275	14,660	615	13,695	13,120	575
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	7,890	7,285	605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	8,675	4,150	4,525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	5,650	2,705	2,950
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	3,020	1,445	1,575
Health and related fields	35	0	30	35	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	82,510	20,560	61,950
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,570	2,765	2,805	4,900	2,500	2,395
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	25	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	73,950	16,430	57,525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	145	50	95
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	3,510	1,570	1,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	15	10	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	30,275	16,455	13,825
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	19,020	6,985	12,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	95	95	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	5,050	3,915	1,135
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	10	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	6,095	5,435	655
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	135	30	105
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	280	150	135	480	250	230	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	981,205	492,180	489,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105	50	55	75	45	30	265,025	144,230	120,800	243,690	132,500	111,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	175	100	80	405	200	205	831,975	403,415	428,560	737,515	359,685	377,835
Location of study inside Canada	160	85	80	300	155	145	598,455	286,340	312,115	529,195	254,400	274,795
Same as province or territory of residence	155	75	80	290	145	140	566,540	270,160	296,380	503,230	241,010	262,225
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	10	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	25,965	13,390	12,570
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20	15	0	100	45	55	233,520	117,075	116,445	208,320	105,280	103,040
Americas	20	15	0	10	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	36,730	18,600	18,130
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	10,760	6,075	4,690
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	4,800	2,245	2,555
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	1,340	685	660
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	5,065	2,775	2,295
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	110	70	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	3,765	1,800	1,960
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	3,560	1,695	1,870
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	1,375	580	795
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	1,680	680	995
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	4,265	1,995	2,270
Europe	0	0	0	30	15	25	74,705	39,515	35,190	68,060	36,130	31,930
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	1,775	910	865
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	41,640	22,775	18,860
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	1,035	560	475
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	465	260	205
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	965	570	400
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	195	105	95
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	1,825	870	955
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	815	285	530
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	3,250	1,665	1,585
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	2,410	1,105	1,305
Ukraine	0	0	0	10	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	2,045	895	1,150
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	285	190	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	4,680	2,520	2,160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	130	75	55
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	1,325	760	565
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	115	40	75
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	5,105	2,535	2,570
Africa	0	0	0	10	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	48,445	25,700	22,745
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	1,230	655	575
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	19,210	9,980	9,230
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	9,515	4,945	4,575
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	4,555	2,570	1,990
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	3,025	1,615	1,410
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	250	110	145
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	10,660	5,840	4,825
Asia	0	0	0	45	20	25	65,125	28,945	36,180	53,780	24,120	29,655
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	5,230	2,440	2,790
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	330	180	150
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	520	285	235
Lebanon	0	0	0	20	15	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	4,185	2,105	2,075
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	3,120	1,480	1,640
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	695	400	295
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	9,950	4,420	5,540
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	365	150	220
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	230	110	120
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	800	300	500
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	1,265	435	825
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	8,890	2,860	6,030
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	1,125	415	710
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	2,020	1,065	955
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	645	240	410
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	9,500	4,925	4,575
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	1,165	575	590
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	10	0	10	4,240	1,925	2,310	3,745	1,750	1,995
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	1,305	730	575
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	1,095	610	490
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	165	100	70
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	50	25	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	450	220	225	735	355	380	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
In the labour force	280	135	140	490	275	220	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	959,135	498,125	461,010
Employed	270	130	140	445	260	185	971,245	502,885	468,360	859,920	445,255	414,665
Unemployed	10	10	0	45	15	35	110,395	58,460	51,935	99,210	52,870	46,345
Not in the labour force	170	85	85	245	80	160	568,495	246,215	322,280	494,165	215,620	278,540
Participation rate	62.2	61.4	62.2	66.7	77.5	57.9	65.5	69.5	61.8	66.0	69.8	62.3
Employment rate	60.0	59.1	62.2	60.5	73.2	48.7	58.9	62.3	55.6	59.2	62.4	56.1
Unemployment rate	3.6	7.4	0.0	9.2	5.5	15.9	10.2	10.4	10.0	10.3	10.6	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	445	220	225	735	355	380	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	1,453,300	713,750	739,550
Did not work¹⁸⁶	165	95	70	250	75	170	582,470	253,075	329,400	508,670	222,700	285,970
Worked	285	125	155	485	275	205	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	944,630	491,050	453,580
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	175	90	85	250	155	105	529,400	287,950	241,450	464,805	252,405	212,400
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	110	35	75	230	130	105	538,265	266,540	271,725	479,820	238,645	241,180
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.8	47.6	42.8	40.8	40.4	41.4	39.7	40.2	39.3	39.7	40.1	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	275	135	140	490	275	215	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	959,130	498,125	461,010
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	28,560	13,975	14,585
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	275	135	140	475	275	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	930,570	484,150	446,425
Employee	265	125	140	400	225	180	907,745	457,830	449,915	811,850	411,090	400,750
Permanent position	230	105	125	335	185	150	741,830	380,445	361,385	661,995	340,865	321,135
Temporary position	30	20	15	65	40	25	165,915	77,385	88,530	149,850	70,230	79,620
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	45	35	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	63,645	28,710	34,935
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	15	20	10	15	96,225	46,100	50,120	86,205	41,520	44,685
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	10	0	75	50	30	142,380	88,145	54,230	118,725	73,050	45,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	275	135	140	490	275	215	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	959,130	498,125	461,010
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	28,560	13,975	14,585
All occupations¹⁹¹	275	135	140	475	275	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	930,570	484,150	446,425
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	10	10	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	14,540	10,000	4,545
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	25	10	100	55	40	207,660	79,975	127,685	180,355	69,570	110,785
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	10	75	55	25	114,775	85,780	28,990	101,555	76,005	25,555
3 Health occupations	40	0	35	35	10	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	75,605	18,730	56,870
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	10	15	40	15	20	140,500	46,385	94,115	124,755	41,025	83,730
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	10	0	10	61,790	31,615	30,175	56,870	29,555	27,310
6 Sales and service occupations	110	50	60	125	75	55	263,055	135,300	127,750	234,485	120,480	114,005
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	25	0	60	40	15	109,555	99,115	10,440	98,535	89,140	9,395
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	10	10	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	5,025	3,855	1,170
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	0	20	10	10	42,380	28,195	14,185	38,850	25,795	13,060
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	275	135	140	490	275	215	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	959,130	498,125	461,010
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	0	15	31,515	15,365	16,150	28,560	13,975	14,585
All industries¹⁹¹	275	135	140	475	275	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	930,570	484,150	446,425
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	2,920	1,730	1,185
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	1,195	805	390
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	5,150	3,245	1,905
23 Construction	10	10	0	25	10	15	37,460	31,570	5,890	33,445	28,300	5,150
31-33 Manufacturing	30	20	0	30	20	10	86,535	58,295	28,235	76,115	51,395	24,725
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	35	15	20	42,365	25,230	17,140	33,845	20,380	13,470
44-45 Retail trade	45	15	30	80	45	30	111,555	56,180	55,375	98,705	49,745	48,960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	40	30	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	49,075	38,320	10,755
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	10	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	40,020	24,295	15,730
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	15	45	30	20	53,430	27,205	26,225	47,065	23,830	23,235
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	16,780	9,730	7,045
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	0	0	60	40	20	130,405	75,750	54,655	113,755	65,950	47,800
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	1,720	850	875
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	15	10	10	10	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	45,325	27,460	17,860
61 Educational services	10	0	10	20	10	10	95,290	34,510	60,780	84,380	31,030	53,350
62 Health care and social assistance	50	10	35	45	15	30	142,545	36,095	106,450	128,175	32,195	95,980
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	20,970	10,860	10,105
72 Accommodation and food services	15	0	10	25	10	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	53,745	29,185	24,555
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	20	10	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	39,595	16,105	23,490
91 Public administration	20	15	10	25	15	15	42,120	20,455	21,665	38,595	18,740	19,850
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	135	165	520	290	230	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
English	40	15	20	105	75	30	201,310	110,165	91,150	161,015	89,010	72,005
French	115	45	70	100	60	45	416,430	206,170	210,265	399,340	197,680	201,660
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	7,340	3,600	3,735
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	7,330	3,600	3,725
English and French	115	75	45	285	145	140	473,485	249,700	223,785	405,305	214,915	190,385
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	10,790	6,090	4,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	7,145	3,405	3,745
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0	30	15	10	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	25,465	12,730	12,735
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	420	260	160
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	135	165	520	290	230	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
Single responses	260	120	140	445	255	190	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	908,980	471,095	437,880
Official languages	260	120	140	445	255	190	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	895,835	464,520	431,315
English	90	45	40	205	140	65	361,715	194,885	166,835	286,010	155,790	130,215
French	170	65	105	240	115	125	645,885	327,180	318,705	609,825	308,725	301,095
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	13,145	6,580	6,565
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	20	0	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	13,120	6,580	6,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	1,295	720	575
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	20	15	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	20	15	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	1,275	710	570
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	1,190	670	520
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	70	30	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	1,220	535	685
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	175	70	100
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	1,045	460	585
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	120	60	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	90	50	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	210	95	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	210	95	110
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	80	25	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	75	25	45
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	6,260	3,210	3,055
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	80	60	25
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	550	180	370
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	550	180	370
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	15	0	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	90	30	65
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	385	130	250
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	35	10	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	825	405	425
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	790	385	405
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	95	65	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	695	325	375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	25	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	15	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	175	55	120
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	1,695	935	755
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	1,405	760	650
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	85	25	55
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	20	0	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	120	55	60
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	1,080	615	465
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	285	175	110
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	255	150	105
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	225	130	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	10	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	2,925	1,575	1,355
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	310	160	150
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	245	90	155
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	80	50	30
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	2,290	1,265	1,025
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	125	25	105
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	240	100	145
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	45	25	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	85	30	55
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	60	20	40
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	3,325	1,700	1,635
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	3,325	1,700	1,635
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	2,100	1,110	995
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	60	25	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	1,140	550	590
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	85	45	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	80	50	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	15	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	25	75	35	40	126,180	65,940	60,240	107,830	56,590	51,240
English and French	40	20	20	70	35	35	116,535	60,925	55,605	99,075	52,050	47,030
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	3,105	1,760	1,350
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	2,345	1,085	1,255
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	3,255	1,680	1,575
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	45	10	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	135	165	520	290	230	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
None	190	80	115	280	165	110	743,180	381,875	361,305	667,690	342,985	324,705
English	25	20	10	135	50	85	219,885	116,455	103,430	201,200	106,725	94,480
French	50	35	20	85	60	25	149,470	78,495	70,975	115,950	61,585	54,365
Non-official language	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	14,925	7,790	7,135
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	65	20	45
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	10	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	14,860	7,770	7,095
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	1,155	540	610
English and non-official language(s)	30	0	25	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	8,605	4,110	4,490
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	5,480	2,970	2,510
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	165	85	80
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	1,645	895	745
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	270	130	140	445	260	185	971,245	502,885	468,360	859,920	445,255	414,665
Worked at home	30	10	20	150	90	60	298,820	151,335	147,485	260,415	132,065	128,355
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	2,775	1,725	1,045
No fixed workplace address	35	20	15	25	25	0	89,120	62,795	26,325	81,290	57,160	24,130
Usual place of work	200	95	105	260	140	120	580,035	286,695	293,340	515,440	254,310	261,130
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	205	95	105	260	140	120	580,035	286,695	293,340	515,440	254,310	261,135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	165	65	100	155	90	65	427,475	202,010	225,465	413,515	195,935	217,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	75	35	40	91,735	47,670	44,070	46,495	24,705	21,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	10	0	30	15	15	58,865	35,690	23,175	53,810	32,610	21,200
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	1,620	1,060	565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	240	115	120	285	165	120	669,150	349,485	319,665	596,730	311,465	285,265
Car, truck or van	175	80	95	250	145	105	395,615	229,315	166,300	338,295	197,990	140,305
Car, truck or van - as a driver	165	80	80	235	125	105	365,770	218,475	147,295	313,045	188,685	124,360
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	15	15	15	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	25,245	9,300	15,940
Public transit	55	25	30	15	0	10	177,860	74,605	103,260	169,380	71,050	98,330
Walked	0	0	0	10	10	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	57,390	24,650	32,735
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	20,425	11,990	8,430
Other method	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	11,255	5,785	5,470
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	240	115	120	285	165	120	669,150	349,485	319,665	596,730	311,465	285,265
Less than 15 minutes	60	30	25	60	35	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	106,580	52,520	54,070
15 to 29 minutes	55	25	30	130	70	60	241,005	129,590	111,420	211,950	113,835	98,115
30 to 44 minutes	50	20	35	80	55	25	176,925	96,710	80,215	161,385	87,950	73,435
45 to 59 minutes	30	10	20	0	0	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	62,880	30,620	32,255
60 minutes and over	45	35	15	10	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	53,935	26,540	27,400
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	240	115	120	285	165	120	669,150	349,485	319,665	596,730	311,465	285,265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	10	0	10	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	35,870	26,330	9,540
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	10	70	50	15	95,270	56,280	38,990	86,515	50,895	35,625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	35	25	55	30	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	147,765	69,890	77,880
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	20	35	55	25	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	130,185	59,500	70,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	15	25	50	20	30	106,855	50,615	56,240	93,190	44,255	48,935
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	15	45	30	15	112,350	65,830	46,520	103,205	60,595	42,610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	125	80	45	180	90	95	371,310	189,920	181,390	321,810	164,440	157,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	50	20	30	109,065	56,315	52,750	80,715	41,690	39,030
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	65	40	135	65	65	262,245	133,605	128,640	241,095	122,750	118,345
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	95	65	35	155	75	80	264,905	135,505	129,395	226,825	115,930	110,890
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	10	35	10	25	82,880	42,755	40,130	60,615	31,295	29,320
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	5	30	10	15	67,535	34,945	32,590	48,760	25,220	23,545
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	10	0	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	11,855	6,080	5,775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	50	25	120	60	55	182,020	92,755	89,270	166,210	84,635	81,575

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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