Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24662899More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24661049More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove			Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	524	...	...	405	...	...	8,501,833	...	...	1,762,949	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...	1,704,694	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	160	...	...	272	...	...	4,050,164	...	...	878,542	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	158	...	...	233	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,338	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,187.9	...	...	14,727.3	...	...	6.5	...	...	4,833.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.24	...	...	0.03	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...	364.74	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	525	275	250	405	180	230	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870	1,762,950	867,975	894,980
0 to 14 years	105	65	40	35	15	25	1,391,360	713,290	678,070	270,430	138,255	132,170
0 to 4 years	25	10	10	20	10	10	422,980	217,145	205,840	88,670	45,335	43,335
5 to 9 years	45	30	10	10	5	5	478,955	245,295	233,665	93,325	47,700	45,620
10 to 14 years	35	15	15	10	0	5	489,425	250,855	238,570	88,435	45,220	43,215
15 to 64 years	355	180	175	290	135	155	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195	1,197,045	603,075	593,965
15 to 19 years	35	20	15	10	5	5	429,400	219,400	209,995	82,475	41,675	40,805
20 to 24 years	40	20	20	40	20	20	460,660	235,250	225,405	125,235	63,220	62,015
25 to 29 years	40	25	15	65	20	45	527,150	266,455	260,700	153,995	77,680	76,315
30 to 34 years	25	5	15	50	25	20	536,040	267,770	268,270	146,855	73,810	73,040
35 to 39 years	30	15	15	20	10	15	550,425	274,350	276,075	135,880	67,835	68,040
40 to 44 years	30	15	15	25	10	15	572,565	286,405	286,160	127,165	63,885	63,285
45 to 49 years	30	15	15	15	10	5	516,465	259,565	256,905	110,130	55,495	54,630
50 to 54 years	40	20	20	20	5	10	522,935	262,610	260,325	105,545	54,115	51,435
55 to 59 years	50	25	25	25	10	10	615,690	307,230	308,465	108,040	55,305	52,730
60 to 64 years	40	20	20	20	10	10	625,610	307,710	317,900	101,725	50,055	51,670
65 years and over	70	30	35	80	25	55	1,753,530	801,925	951,605	295,475	126,635	168,845
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	30	10	20	541,970	264,020	277,950	85,025	40,115	44,915
70 to 74 years	20	10	5	20	10	10	455,900	217,985	237,910	72,300	32,855	39,445
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	330,840	153,790	177,050	52,720	22,645	30,075
80 to 84 years	5	5	0	5	5	5	210,405	90,825	119,580	39,395	15,780	23,610
85 years and over	5	0	0	15	0	10	214,415	75,305	139,115	46,035	15,250	30,790
85 to 89 years	5	0	0	5	0	10	131,755	50,610	81,150	27,835	10,185	17,655
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535	14,360	4,155	10,205
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	5	0	5	15,665	3,875	11,790	3,375	825	2,560
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640	465	90	375
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.0	23.6	16.0	8.6	8.3	10.9	16.4	17.0	15.8	15.3	15.9	14.8
15 to 64 years	67.6	65.5	70.0	71.6	75.0	67.4	63.0	63.9	62.1	67.9	69.5	66.4
65 years and over	13.3	10.9	14.0	19.8	13.9	23.9	20.6	19.1	22.1	16.8	14.6	18.9
85 years and over	1.0	0.0	0.0	3.7	0.0	4.3	2.5	1.8	3.2	2.6	1.8	3.4
Average age of the population	38.7	37.2	40.4	41.9	41.4	42.2	42.8	41.8	43.7	40.6	39.5	41.7
Median age of the population	38.4	36.8	41.2	35.6	35.6	36.0	43.2	42.0	44.0	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	160	...	...	235	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,340	...	...
Single-detached house	95	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...	58,065	...	...
Semi-detached house	25	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...	25,740	...	...
Row house	5	...	...	5	...	...	98,625	...	...	26,175	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	25	...	...	15	...	...	271,245	...	...	107,565	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5	...	...	210	...	...	1,242,910	...	...	464,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...	130,615	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...	3,350	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	160	...	...	235	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,335	...	...
1 person	30	...	...	120	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	341,345	...	...
2 persons	35	...	...	85	...	...	1,295,730	...	...	242,175	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	15	...	...	480,135	...	...	103,550	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	15	...	...	427,605	...	...	82,715	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	5	...	...	228,060	...	...	46,560	...	...
Number of persons in private households	525	275	250	405	180	230	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	1,723,210	851,575	871,635
Average household size	3.3	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	420	215	210	370	165	205	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805	1,492,520	729,715	762,810
Married or living common-law	225	110	115	135	70	65	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145	705,905	356,290	349,615
Married	170	85	85	45	25	20	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775	475,835	239,100	236,735
Living common-law	50	25	25	90	45	45	1,657,050	829,680	827,375	230,070	117,190	112,880
Living common law - Never married	35	15	20	80	40	40	1,345,765	671,000	674,765	196,170	99,370	96,795
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410	2,885	1,655	1,230
Living common law - Divorced	15	10	5	5	5	0	261,885	135,520	126,370	28,550	15,015	13,530
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	5	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830	2,465	1,140	1,320
Not married and not living common-law	195	100	95	240	95	140	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660	786,615	373,420	413,195
Not married and not living common law - Never married	145	80	65	170	80	95	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135	572,045	304,055	267,990
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	0	10	10	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175	31,535	13,590	17,945
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	20	35	10	25	494,210	197,455	296,755	113,315	41,760	71,560
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10	0	5	30	0	25	380,100	89,515	290,580	69,720	14,020	55,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	135	...	...	95	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	428,615	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	65	...	...	1,267,980	...	...	221,015	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	15	...	...	454,980	...	...	92,715	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	10	...	...	412,850	...	...	77,780	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	0	...	...	187,600	...	...	37,105	...	...
Average size of census families	3.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	2.1	...	...	1.4	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	140	...	...	90	...	...	2,323,410	...	...	428,610	...	...
Total couple families	110	...	...	65	...	...	1,939,635	...	...	338,830	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	20	...	...	1,111,625	...	...	223,910	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	5	...	...	502,020	...	...	133,435	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	15	...	...	609,605	...	...	90,475	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	45	...	...	828,005	...	...	114,915	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	10	...	...	401,885	...	...	41,490	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	35	...	...	426,120	...	...	73,430	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	25	...	...	383,775	...	...	89,785	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	20	...	...	284,025	...	...	72,595	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...	17,190	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	525	275	250	405	180	230	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665	1,723,210	851,575	871,630
Total - Persons in census families	455	235	225	220	100	120	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835	1,231,380	602,840	628,545
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	110	110	130	65	65	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090	677,655	341,670	335,985
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	30	5	20	383,780	99,755	284,020	89,785	17,190	72,595
Children⁶	210	120	90	60	25	35	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720	463,940	243,975	219,965
In a two-parent family	155	85	75	25	10	15	1,708,235	897,930	810,305	329,670	172,390	157,285
In a one-parent family	50	35	15	40	15	20	585,820	317,400	268,415	134,270	71,585	62,680
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	40	30	185	75	110	1,751,380	870,550	880,825	491,830	248,740	243,090
Living alone	25	20	10	115	50	65	1,317,505	638,170	679,335	341,350	165,410	175,935
Living with other relatives⁷	40	20	15	20	5	10	165,070	74,060	91,005	45,070	20,400	24,670
Living with non-relatives only	5	0	0	50	20	35	268,810	158,325	110,485	105,415	62,925	42,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	155	...	...	235	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	105	...	...	80	...	...	2,165,490	...	...	394,155	...	...
Couple-family households	90	...	...	65	...	...	1,834,095	...	...	317,105	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	15	...	...	851,835	...	...	163,645	...	...
Without children	35	...	...	45	...	...	982,260	...	...	153,460	...	...
One-parent-family households	15	...	...	20	...	...	331,395	...	...	77,045	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...	11,240	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...	1,730	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...	14,975	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	30	...	...	139,280	...	...	52,900	...	...
One-person households	25	...	...	115	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	341,345	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	420	210	210	370	165	205	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	1,453,280	713,595	739,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	200	205	365	160	205	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965	1,396,100	685,155	710,950
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	33,200	36,800	34,400	39,600	31,600	40,800	44,800	37,200	36,800	38,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	405	200	205	365	160	205	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920	1,396,475	685,330	711,145
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	30,800	32,800	32,400	36,800	28,600	36,400	39,200	33,600	33,200	34,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	175	175	305	140	165	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040	1,227,255	612,060	615,200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,400	28,600	27,000	29,400	34,400	23,800	33,600	39,600	28,000	30,200	34,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	155	160	250	120	125	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665	1,021,705	527,390	494,315
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	32,000	29,800	34,800	36,800	30,800	36,000	40,400	31,600	32,400	35,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	350	165	185	320	130	190	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370	1,175,325	551,265	624,060
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,300	12,100	13,400	12,400	13,700	11,500	10,200	12,300	10,700	9,500	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50	25	30	50	30	20	837,635	441,080	396,550	157,000	78,185	78,815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,120	4,000	4,520	6,200	6,280	6,000	5,520	5,520	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155	85	70	125	60	65	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220	472,820	247,320	225,500
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,200	10,000	10,000	10,500	9,000	7,000	6,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	450	220	230	380	170	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	225	375	165	210	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440	1,396,365	685,790	710,575
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	45,200	40,400	42,200	51,600	34,800	51,160	57,550	44,960	50,120	55,450	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	205	225	375	165	210	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360	1,396,760	685,970	710,790
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,400	35,200	35,200	41,600	30,200	41,840	45,760	38,000	40,680	43,560	37,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	365	175	190	280	120	160	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675	1,226,320	612,170	614,155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	42,400	33,600	41,600	58,000	28,400	45,480	52,900	38,000	45,560	52,350	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	155	175	220	110	115	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755	1,021,715	527,765	493,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,600	42,000	35,600	45,200	60,000	31,200	46,240	51,950	40,040	46,120	51,700	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	385	170	215	340	140	195	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900	1,174,640	550,810	623,830
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,440	10,600	12,100	12,280	9,800	14,000	12,410	11,500	13,220	12,020	10,830	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40	20	20	35	20	20	837,180	441,665	395,515	156,980	78,065	78,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,800	5,200	4,500	6,800	7,000	7,000	7,040	6,380	7,780	6,800	6,070	7,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	75	80	120	65	60	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040	471,875	247,465	224,410
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	9,200	7,800	9,000	9,200	8,800	8,130	7,910	8,390	9,130	9,180	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	445	220	230	380	170	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,750	739,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	90	85	95	40	55	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005	452,020	244,470	207,545
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	58,800	46,000	52,000	80,000	42,800	58,400	62,800	53,600	58,400	61,600	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,400	54,000	54,000	61,000	90,000	39,000	69,700	76,600	61,550	74,000	81,500	65,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	95	25	70	120	65	55	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980	450,610	222,280	228,330
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,800	x	9,500	19,000	25,600	18,000	18,600	21,400	16,600	16,400	17,400	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	38,000	18,500	36,500	44,000	27,000	28,160	32,120	24,360	26,120	28,320	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.0	71.0	74.0	84.0	62.0	79.8	84.2	74.4	79.8	84.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.0	72.0	68.0	64.0	78.0	48.0	65.4	68.8	61.0	67.4	71.8	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	19.6	28.4	26.2	16.0	38.0	20.1	15.8	25.6	20.2	15.7	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.5	2.0	1.5	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.1	8.0	8.4	7.8	7.2	8.6	5.4	4.8	6.1	6.9	6.5	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	7.2	6.8	6.8	6.8	7.2	4.6	4.3	5.1	6.2	6.0	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	420	215	210	370	165	205	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without total income	15	5	10	5	5	0	179,955	87,650	92,310	57,180	28,440	28,735
With total income	405	205	200	365	160	205	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970	1,396,100	685,155	710,945
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	25	10	20	5	20	462,400	204,245	258,155	120,165	57,640	62,520
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	40	50	25	25	809,375	334,315	475,065	179,185	83,775	95,410
$20,000 to $29,999	80	45	35	80	30	50	1,124,265	499,780	624,485	259,695	119,565	140,135
$30,000 to $39,999	50	25	30	55	20	35	896,520	414,070	482,445	194,585	93,585	101,000
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	45	20	25	849,005	411,680	437,325	163,390	78,450	84,940
$50,000 to $59,999	40	15	25	30	15	20	687,020	345,720	341,305	123,115	58,355	64,755
$60,000 to $69,999	30	20	10	15	10	10	503,110	271,695	231,415	88,460	43,350	45,110
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	5	20	10	10	367,455	208,475	158,980	64,815	33,230	31,590
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	10	5	5	5	284,690	158,760	125,930	50,645	26,325	24,320
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	5	5	0	198,140	112,355	85,780	36,060	19,280	16,785
$100,000 and over	20	15	5	25	20	10	556,780	365,700	191,080	115,980	71,595	44,385
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	0	25	15	10	385,890	245,635	140,260	74,835	44,155	30,680
$150,000 and over	10	0	0	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820	41,145	27,440	13,705
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	420	215	210	370	165	205	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without after-tax income	15	5	10	5	5	0	177,960	86,610	91,355	56,805	28,265	28,535
With after-tax income	405	205	200	365	160	205	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915	1,396,475	685,335	711,140
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	25	15	25	5	20	495,035	214,000	281,030	124,825	59,490	65,335
$10,000 to $19,999	65	25	40	50	20	25	853,250	356,480	496,765	188,395	88,605	99,785
$20,000 to $29,999	85	50	30	95	30	60	1,316,685	592,685	723,995	303,115	142,120	161,000
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	40	65	25	40	1,127,905	544,940	582,965	231,960	113,680	118,280
$40,000 to $49,999	55	20	35	50	20	30	994,235	505,970	488,265	183,475	88,390	95,090
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	20	25	20	5	691,015	372,870	318,145	123,490	59,975	63,515
$60,000 to $69,999	25	5	15	15	5	5	459,665	251,490	208,170	81,775	41,055	40,725
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	0	10	5	5	292,135	160,985	131,150	52,690	27,360	25,330
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	10	15	10	5	174,905	104,610	70,295	32,505	18,175	14,325
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	10	5	0	106,165	67,055	39,105	21,155	12,260	8,890
$100,000 and over	10	0	0	5	5	0	229,765	156,750	73,020	53,090	34,210	18,885
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	0	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515	25,835	15,730	10,105
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505	27,260	18,485	8,775
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	420	215	210	370	165	205	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without employment income	115	60	50	120	40	80	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610	431,575	186,210	245,365
With employment income	310	150	155	250	125	130	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665	1,021,705	527,385	494,320
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	35	10	20	644,075	331,770	312,300	145,910	71,820	74,090
$5,000 to $9,999	35	15	15	20	15	10	401,185	180,585	220,595	99,605	47,595	52,010
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	35	15	20	603,350	273,725	329,620	136,545	66,030	70,515
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	20	25	10	10	495,105	228,670	266,435	105,255	51,415	53,840
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	25	10	15	488,000	239,620	248,380	98,425	50,780	47,640
$40,000 to $49,999	35	15	25	25	10	20	485,845	242,230	243,610	94,645	47,585	47,065
$50,000 to $59,999	30	10	15	20	10	10	403,980	217,425	186,560	76,170	39,085	37,085
$60,000 to $69,999	15	15	5	10	5	10	320,700	184,770	135,935	59,460	31,825	27,635
$70,000 to $79,999	10	10	0	15	10	5	250,635	147,020	103,615	46,765	25,580	21,185
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	5	0	5	218,100	120,085	98,020	40,295	21,350	18,945
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	10	5	0	141,540	86,090	55,450	27,160	15,825	11,340
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	25	15	5	422,055	285,910	136,145	91,480	58,500	32,980
$100,000 to $124,999	5	5	0	10	5	5	205,085	133,500	71,585	40,345	24,630	15,710
$125,000 and over	10	0	0	10	10	0	216,965	152,410	64,555	51,135	33,870	17,270
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	420	210	210	370	165	205	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275	1,453,280	713,595	739,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	195	350	155	200	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050	1,355,225	663,385	691,840
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	32,000	32,000	32,800	38,800	26,600	38,400	43,200	34,000	33,200	35,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	190	195	350	155	200	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900	1,355,570	663,490	692,080
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	28,800	29,800	29,800	36,000	26,200	34,000	37,600	30,600	30,400	32,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	345	175	175	300	140	160	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455	1,196,380	596,375	600,005
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	32,400	28,200	29,800	35,200	25,400	34,800	40,400	29,200	31,400	35,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	310	155	160	250	125	125	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495	1,000,475	515,695	484,790
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	37,200	28,800	32,000	38,000	28,600	36,400	41,200	31,800	33,200	36,000	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	140	165	310	130	180	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375	1,066,120	490,855	575,265
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,320	7,600	3,240	2,360	5,400	7,800	5,640	9,100	4,280	2,660	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	35	20	15	727,165	390,255	336,910	104,820	51,840	52,980
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	x	x	4,160	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280	5,080	4,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	450	220	230	380	170	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	195	220	360	160	205	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190	1,355,285	663,595	691,695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	35,600	43,000	30,000	48,600	55,500	41,880	46,600	52,150	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	415	195	220	360	160	205	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065	1,355,700	663,725	691,975
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,400	31,200	30,900	35,500	27,400	39,600	44,000	35,320	37,760	40,880	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	170	190	285	135	150	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960	1,195,295	596,055	599,245
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,400	43,600	31,800	36,000	46,000	27,200	45,920	53,800	37,920	45,560	52,600	38,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	320	150	170	230	120	105	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805	999,875	515,515	484,355
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,000	45,000	33,600	37,200	45,000	28,400	46,240	52,450	39,520	46,040	51,800	39,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	150	180	325	145	180	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945	1,066,040	490,710	575,335
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,640	7,000	10,000	7,960	4,400	10,700	9,450	8,430	10,320	8,160	6,610	9,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	45	30	0	20	0	0	727,815	390,880	336,935	104,790	51,525	53,260
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,200	...	4,000	...	...	7,020	5,975	8,230	7,380	5,970	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	445	220	230	380	170	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,750	739,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	90	80	95	40	55	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495	446,040	241,000	205,040
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	46,400	51,200	44,400	46,000	55,600	31,800	54,800	60,000	49,200	52,800	56,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	52,800	54,000	51,000	47,000	68,000	33,000	65,400	72,900	56,600	67,700	75,300	58,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	100	25	70	110	70	45	1,894,930	934,230	960,695	411,950	203,780	208,170
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	14,100	x	11,800	20,800	13,900	20,800	23,600	27,200	21,000	21,600	23,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	40,000	21,000	33,000	36,000	28,000	33,000	37,800	28,360	31,400	34,200	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.0	88.0	77.0	80.0	92.0	68.0	85.0	89.2	79.8	86.2	90.6	80.8
Employment income (%)	76.5	80.0	73.0	66.0	80.0	50.0	70.0	73.4	66.0	72.8	77.2	67.6
Government transfers (%)	17.2	12.4	22.8	20.2	9.2	32.0	14.9	10.8	20.2	13.8	9.4	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	2.0	x	0.5	x	x	1.6	1.3	2.0	1.2	0.9	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	160	...	...	235	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	51,600	...	...	72,500	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	48,400	...	...	63,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25	...	...	115	...	...	1,317,505	...	...	341,345	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	33,200	...	...	38,800	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	31,400	...	...	34,400	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	115	...	...	2,431,530	...	...	474,990	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	78,500	...	...	97,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	66,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	85,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	55,200	...	...	75,200	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	120	...	...	1,317,070	...	...	341,250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	42,000	...	...	47,680	...	...	48,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	36,500	...	...	39,640	...	...	39,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	115	...	...	2,431,965	...	...	475,105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	94,500	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	160	...	...	235	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	35,920	...	...	17,005	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...	9,785	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	52,080	...	...	16,775	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	82,470	...	...	24,425	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	0	...	...	20	...	...	218,185	...	...	54,215	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	144,420	...	...	38,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	143,285	...	...	37,880	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	172,005	...	...	38,590	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	10	...	...	174,790	...	...	39,530	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	166,990	...	...	37,970	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	310,880	...	...	69,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	280,505	...	...	62,125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	255,770	...	...	55,220	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	235,235	...	...	49,040	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	208,320	...	...	41,220	...	...
$100,000 and over	85	...	...	45	...	...	1,244,285	...	...	224,580	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	414,805	...	...	76,005	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	282,590	...	...	48,680	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	307,835	...	...	51,900	...	...
$200,000 and over	10	...	...	10	...	...	239,060	...	...	47,995	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	160	...	...	235	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	40,590	...	...	18,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...	10,005	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	53,600	...	...	17,050	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	87,695	...	...	26,035	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...	59,285	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	0	...	...	25	...	...	177,135	...	...	46,355	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	180,150	...	...	45,485	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	213,760	...	...	47,370	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	210,280	...	...	46,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	193,530	...	...	43,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	10	...	...	35	...	...	356,325	...	...	78,470	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	322,530	...	...	68,975	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	289,580	...	...	59,285	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	254,885	...	...	49,000	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	216,370	...	...	39,955	...	...
$100,000 and over	65	...	...	30	...	...	892,775	...	...	160,295	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	387,835	...	...	68,460	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	225,830	...	...	38,400	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	10	...	...	279,105	...	...	53,430	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	95	...	...	2,331,170	...	...	435,310	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.8	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	45	...	...	991,710	...	...	156,425	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	57,600	...	...	74,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	57,200	...	...	65,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	15	...	...	907,765	...	...	175,465	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	x	...	...	130,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	x	...	...	110,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.6	...	...	3.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	20	...	...	25	...	...	368,845	...	...	86,340	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	69,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	52,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	30	20	10	170	70	100	1,586,315	796,490	789,825	446,765	228,335	218,420
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	42,800	x	34,000	41,200	31,600	36,800	39,200	34,800	34,000	34,400	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	42,000	x	32,000	34,800	28,400	33,200	34,800	31,600	30,800	31,000	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	90	...	...	2,330,645	...	...	435,360	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	115,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	95,100	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	40	...	...	992,110	...	...	156,545	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	101,100	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	82,200	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	80	...	...	0	...	...	909,160	...	...	175,580	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	...	...	...	151,200	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	x	...	...	121,300	...	...	114,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	35	...	...	367,155	...	...	86,035	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	160,000	...	...	44,000	...	...	78,700	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	44,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	65,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	30	15	0	200	95	100	1,585,705	796,290	789,415	446,290	227,645	218,645
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,000	60,000	x	40,000	42,000	38,000	45,480	48,000	42,920	44,280	45,400	43,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,000	x	34,400	35,500	33,500	38,040	39,400	36,640	36,760	37,240	36,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	525	275	250	405	180	225	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	1,723,215	851,580	871,635
0 to 17 years	125	75	45	40	15	25	1,648,330	844,730	803,600	316,605	161,795	154,815
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	15	5	10	515,725	264,785	250,935	107,500	54,865	52,630
18 to 64 years	330	165	170	285	130	150	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885	1,140,405	572,585	567,820
65 years and over	70	30	35	80	30	55	1,599,990	752,815	847,180	266,200	117,200	149,000
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40	20	20	90	30	60	992,235	463,295	528,940	299,080	143,995	155,085
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	10	5	5	159,530	82,000	77,530	49,430	25,350	24,085
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,105	27,240	25,870	17,500	8,905	8,595
18 to 64 years	25	15	10	60	25	35	515,470	256,435	259,035	184,970	93,610	91,360
65 years and over	15	10	10	25	5	20	317,235	124,865	192,370	64,675	25,040	39,635
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.4	8.5	8.0	22.4	19.0	25.0	11.9	11.2	12.7	17.4	16.9	17.8
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	20.0	x	x	9.7	9.7	9.7	15.6	15.7	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	10.3	10.3	10.3	16.3	16.2	16.3
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	7.0	6.0	21.0	18.0	24.0	10.2	10.1	10.2	16.2	16.3	16.1
65 years and over (%)	24.0	20.0	25.0	28.0	20.0	32.0	19.8	16.6	22.7	24.3	21.4	26.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	525	275	250	405	180	230	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350	1,723,210	851,575	871,630
0 to 17 years	120	75	45	40	15	25	1,634,715	837,715	797,005	316,610	161,790	154,815
0 to 5 years	40	25	10	15	5	10	511,400	262,535	248,860	107,500	54,870	52,635
18 to 64 years	335	170	170	280	135	155	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035	1,140,405	572,580	567,825
65 years and over	65	35	35	80	30	50	1,596,400	751,095	845,310	266,195	117,200	148,995
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	30	15	10	55	20	35	439,850	223,055	216,795	199,665	102,220	97,440
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	61,665	31,610	30,060	26,605	13,610	12,995
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	19,815	10,190	9,630	9,255	4,715	4,540
18 to 64 years	15	10	5	45	15	25	313,970	167,015	146,955	144,765	77,525	67,235
65 years and over	0	0	0	10	5	10	64,210	24,430	39,780	28,295	11,090	17,205
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.8	5.0	4.5	14.0	11.0	16.0	5.3	5.4	5.2	11.6	12.0	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	x	x	x	3.8	3.8	3.8	8.4	8.4	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9	8.6	8.6	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.0	5.0	5.0	15.2	10.0	19.0	6.2	6.6	5.8	12.7	13.5	11.8
65 years and over (%)	x	x	x	12.0	x	12.0	4.0	3.3	4.7	10.6	9.5	11.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	525	275	250	405	180	230	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665	1,723,215	851,575	871,635
In bottom half of the distribution	280	145	130	300	120	180	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895	1,097,735	535,190	562,545
In bottom decile	35	20	15	80	30	50	851,840	407,705	444,140	278,660	138,645	140,020
In second decile	30	15	15	65	25	40	920,490	434,730	485,760	226,095	107,680	118,415
In third decile	50	20	25	75	30	50	969,255	471,650	497,600	221,215	107,370	113,845
In fourth decile	75	40	35	50	20	30	978,345	482,760	495,590	197,520	96,110	101,415
In fifth decile	90	55	40	35	20	15	947,090	473,285	473,810	174,245	85,395	88,855
In top half of the distribution	250	130	120	105	55	50	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765	625,475	316,385	309,090
In sixth decile	70	35	30	35	20	15	899,660	454,970	444,690	150,945	74,795	76,155
In seventh decile	60	30	35	15	5	10	837,225	425,400	411,830	134,455	67,455	67,000
In eighth decile	65	35	35	20	10	10	752,410	383,450	368,955	121,350	61,450	59,900
In ninth decile	30	20	10	20	15	5	634,425	325,700	308,730	108,785	55,650	53,130
In top decile	20	10	10	15	10	10	517,725	267,160	250,565	109,935	57,030	52,905
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	525	...	...	405	...	...	8,308,480	...	...	1,723,210	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.237	...	...	0.340	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.364	...	...	0.518	...	...	0.456	...	...	0.516	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.209	...	...	0.294	...	...	0.280	...	...	0.318	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	525	275	250	405	175	225	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English only	10	5	5	35	15	15	445,575	228,840	216,735	207,690	107,915	99,775
French only	255	130	130	115	40	70	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605	473,490	215,190	258,295
English and French	250	140	110	260	120	140	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750	1,018,100	519,275	498,830
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	5	0	5	82,075	35,200	46,875	41,975	16,745	25,230
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	525	275	250	405	175	225	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English	60	35	30	100	45	50	1,088,820	548,595	540,225	457,725	231,930	225,795
French	415	215	200	290	125	165	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860	1,091,480	533,590	557,890
English and French	40	25	15	15	5	5	329,515	169,050	160,465	151,345	77,485	73,865
Neither English nor French	5	0	0	5	0	5	79,000	33,590	45,410	40,705	16,120	24,585
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	525	275	250	405	175	225	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
Single responses	500	265	235	370	160	210	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865	1,615,770	796,000	819,775
Official languages	320	175	150	345	150	195	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755	1,044,150	518,340	525,805
English	35	20	15	75	30	40	639,365	323,170	316,195	225,920	115,155	110,765
French	290	150	135	275	120	155	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565	818,225	403,185	415,040
Non-official languages	180	90	90	30	10	15	1,167,550	570,440	597,110	571,625	277,655	293,970
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345	355	125	230
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730	190	70	120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160	165	60	105
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665	25	5	20
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495	95	35	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	290	275	5	0	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670	35	15	20
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435	50	20	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695	35	10	20
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	300	310	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	115	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	75	110	5	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	410	450	25	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	385	435	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550	135	30	105
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550	135	30	105
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	15	10	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	90	90	30	10	15	1,125,730	549,960	575,770	571,270	277,530	293,740
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	5	0	0	0	233,220	122,895	110,320	119,100	63,230	55,865
Berber languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130	15,445	8,305	7,140
Kabyle	5	5	5	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165	14,315	7,650	6,660
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840	985	570	415
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	125	150	85	65
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	510	470	335	180	160
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	235	190	175	100	70
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	280	280	165	80	90
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	170	150	165	90	75
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	620	705	765	360	410
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	595	680	735	345	390
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	15	5	5
Semitic languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	204,600	107,735	96,865	102,380	54,295	48,085
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	385	495	235	255
Arabic	5	0	0	0	0	0	198,785	104,765	94,020	99,450	52,790	46,660
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	120	50	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	40	15	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	150	155	70	30	40
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750	1,580	845	735
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	415	395	705	360	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240	23,210	10,690	12,525
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755	4,580	2,090	2,500
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450	18,595	8,585	10,005
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	35	20	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375	15,495	6,045	9,455
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	85	40	50
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	175	290	305	120	180
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	370	685	680	250	430
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	205	385	390	130	260
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275	1,650	670	980
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	255	475	405	165	240
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	15	10	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	25	10	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,810	870	940	410	185	225
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,180	545	630	285	120	160
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	325	310	130	65	65
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	50	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	95	130	160	75	90
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705	10,970	4,220	6,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	40	15	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	215	100	115
Creole languages	65	35	35	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265	36,965	16,655	20,310
Haitian Creole	45	20	25	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785	27,145	12,010	15,135
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	10	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555	910	440	470
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	250	50	25	20
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360	8,605	4,065	4,535
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	230	100	125
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925	12,090	6,330	5,765
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	225	140	90
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	945	850	1,315	700	610
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205	9,175	4,555	4,615
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680	1,350	915	430
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	10	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	10	5	10
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	105	45	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	85	45	40	20	10	10	595,790	290,670	305,115	289,040	139,810	149,235
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650	1,795	885	910
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670	5,565	2,645	2,920
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	68,295	30,855	37,435	29,665	13,025	16,635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	285	440	315	125	195
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	100	135	115	55	60
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	185	300	205	70	140
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	67,565	30,570	36,995	29,350	12,905	16,445
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495	3,100	1,440	1,660
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	625	725	555	255	300
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	115	95	40	55
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120	5,875	2,530	3,345
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	31,700	14,115	17,590	14,020	6,080	7,940
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235	2,580	1,265	1,320
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030	340	170	175
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225	865	415	450
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855	1,300	645	650
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	120	125	80	35	45
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	380	475	345	130	220
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	265	335	240	100	140
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845	2,490	1,045	1,440
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	20	10	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	80	55	40	25	10
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	5	10	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	15	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20	15	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140	11,285	5,660	5,630
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	5	5	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910	9,860	4,925	4,935
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970	3,360	1,560	1,795
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	565	540	235	125	110
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395	6,270	3,240	3,025
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590	895	465	430
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	65	40	25
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285	740	390	345
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	185	220	85	35	50
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	480	245	230
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	175	185	150	70	80
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	65	35	30
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	260	275	230	120	110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	45	15	30
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345	14,410	6,805	7,605
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	101,450	52,780	48,665	58,285	30,880	27,410
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	63,025	33,465	29,555	42,700	23,120	19,580
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	20	10	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920	9,850	5,065	4,785
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415	4,805	2,565	2,235
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	3,080	2,360	3,655	2,135	1,520
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	90	40	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	25	15	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	55	35	20
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	345	200	145
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	560	545	330	170	160
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	45	25	20
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855	16,345	9,050	7,290
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	45	30	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	375	350	390	205	190
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465	6,535	3,480	3,060
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	170	95	75
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,400	19,305	19,090	15,575	7,755	7,820
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	630	485	435	245	190
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	25	20	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	810	680	975	525	450
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850	14,065	6,930	7,135
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295	1,085	520	565
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140	11,665	5,750	5,915
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410	1,315	665	650
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	65	70	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	15	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages	80	40	40	10	5	0	346,000	167,870	178,130	167,975	79,875	88,100
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	190	90	95
Italian	20	15	10	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865	57,590	26,825	30,760
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650	18,080	8,625	9,455
Romanian	10	5	5	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695	12,300	5,780	6,525
Spanish	55	20	30	5	5	0	177,155	86,490	90,660	79,720	38,505	41,210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	125	105	100	45	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965	1,590	475	1,115
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815	3,810	1,650	2,160
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	90	135	100	35	65
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865	13,245	6,595	6,650
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	490	490	620	305	315
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	795	700	665	360	310
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	60	25	35
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	535	465	330	185	150
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285	1,245	640	605
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	45	25	20
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	5	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	85	60	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895	1,090	490	595
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635	1,680	750	930
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	145	145	140	60	75
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	150	85	70
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	20	10	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	35	30	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415	1,320	595	720
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	60	80	40	40
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	175	95	205	135	70
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	10	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035	795	385	400
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	435	475	485	225	255
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840	1,495	800	690
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	470	410	625	325	295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475	2,045	1,060	980
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	535	480	340	190	155
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	5	5	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	450	400	275	150	120
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	60	35	25
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	680	600	275	140	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	35	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	485	445	185	90	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	60	30	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,540	40,170	47,375	46,550	21,145	25,405
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,155	39,990	47,160	46,390	21,080	25,315
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	200	270	210	85	125
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235	29,410	13,275	16,135
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485	1,730	760	970
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	365	430	440	195	240
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965	13,690	6,300	7,390
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	710	715	855	435	420
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	140	175	120	55	70
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	45	15	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	65	30	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	35	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820	1,705	735	965
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010	1,280	615	665
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	220	795	405	115	295
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	5	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455	5,370	2,745	2,625
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	250	160	250	155	95
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	25	15	15
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975	4,825	2,455	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	140	65	75
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	40	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	80	90	30	55
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865	2,190	965	1,225
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	60	95	70	30	40
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	190	140	55	85
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575	1,985	880	1,105
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	80	40	35
Multiple responses	25	10	15	30	15	10	308,550	155,455	153,095	125,490	63,125	62,360
English and French	0	0	0	20	10	10	126,405	64,585	61,820	35,195	17,970	17,225
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	0	49,485	24,660	24,825	26,945	13,375	13,565
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	5	5	5	94,205	46,880	47,320	44,880	22,480	22,400
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985	13,590	7,010	6,580
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140	4,880	2,290	2,590
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	525	275	250	405	175	225	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English	50	25	25	85	40	45	623,305	313,780	309,520	236,770	119,975	116,790
French	230	120	105	220	95	130	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555	743,335	365,685	377,655
Non-official language	40	20	20	5	0	5	366,730	177,410	189,315	182,560	86,255	96,305
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495	70	30	40
Non-Indigenous	40	20	20	5	0	5	343,650	165,830	177,825	182,495	86,230	96,265
English and French	10	10	5	65	30	35	497,380	256,735	240,645	146,050	75,850	70,210
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	5	10	0	205,755	102,290	103,470	111,510	55,685	55,830
French and non-official language(s)	135	70	65	10	5	5	375,795	179,585	196,210	174,715	83,145	91,570
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	15	5	5	284,940	141,275	143,665	135,525	67,480	68,045
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,125	9,545	10,585	10,780	5,055	5,720
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	525	275	250	405	175	225	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
Single responses	455	240	220	380	165	215	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785	1,586,665	782,610	804,055
Official languages	375	195	180	370	165	205	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030	1,255,565	623,405	632,155
English	60	35	30	105	50	55	874,185	438,570	435,615	347,110	175,135	171,970
French	315	165	150	265	115	150	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420	908,455	448,270	460,180
Non-official languages	85	45	40	15	5	10	662,615	322,860	339,750	331,100	159,200	171,905
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200	125	50	75
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265	80	35	45
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090	70	25	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055	10	0	5
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935	40	20	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290	20	10	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310	20	5	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860	20	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910	35	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910	30	5	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	45	40	15	5	10	628,365	305,820	322,555	330,975	159,150	171,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,685	59,645	57,040	61,235	31,705	29,525
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045	6,795	3,645	3,145
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655	6,320	3,390	2,930
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	365	305	360	195	165
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	90	110	55	50
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	165	170	125	60	65
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	80	45	45
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	80	40	15	25
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	115	120	65	60
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325	365	170	195
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	315	345	160	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,890	53,505	51,380	53,825	27,770	26,060
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	155	175	240	115	125
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,120	52,125	49,990	52,330	27,000	25,325
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	190	75	30	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	75	35	5	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	105	100	35	20	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	760	755	715	375	335
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	250	240	445	230	215
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090	16,465	7,600	8,865
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670	2,860	1,295	1,560
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405	13,590	6,300	7,290
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515	9,325	3,930	5,395
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	35	15	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	100	125	170	75	100
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	240	320	425	180	250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	135	185	235	90	145
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,175	510	665	960	415	545
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	170	85	90
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	5
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	325	285	115	55	60
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	145	65	30	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	145	50	20	25
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	85	45	45
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570	6,960	2,890	4,070
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	95	45	50
Creole languages	35	15	15	0	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170	17,395	7,710	9,685
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230	12,640	5,455	7,185
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	765	825	475	225	250
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	125	10	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865	4,185	1,980	2,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	110	120	75	40	40
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865	9,345	4,775	4,570
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	115	65	50
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	970	520	445
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755	7,425	3,635	3,790
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	700	435	820	550	275
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	5	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	40	20	15	5	0	5	336,635	164,100	172,535	168,495	80,690	87,800
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,910	945	970	1,050	505	540
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455	3,895	1,770	2,120
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	39,725	18,855	20,870	17,140	7,850	9,295
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	85	40	50
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	35	20	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	50	25	30
Slavic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	39,575	18,795	20,775	17,055	7,810	9,250
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305	2,020	960	1,060
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	180	200	165	75	90
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	65	60	60	25	30
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685	2,505	1,085	1,420
Russian	0	0	0	5	0	5	22,770	10,815	11,960	9,755	4,475	5,285
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125	1,200	575	630
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	530	545	170	80	90
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	945	445	505	365	165	200
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030	645	320	325
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45	25	5	15
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	85	115	70	30	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	85	85	40	45
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240	1,185	545	640
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	5	10	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075	6,300	3,280	3,020
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	30	75	5	0	5
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675	6,055	3,160	2,895
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	805	880	510	245	270
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	115	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675	5,525	2,905	2,615
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	200	215	145	70	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	30	15	15
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	145	155	105	55	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	10	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	85	40	50
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	15	5	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	5	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	45	20	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	10	0	5
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220	7,530	3,370	4,165
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	74,455	38,045	36,410	43,235	22,475	20,760
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,420	24,225	22,195	32,115	17,085	15,025
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405	7,290	3,630	3,660
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270	3,250	1,705	1,545
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615	2,460	1,380	1,075
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	60	30	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	15	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	135	120	160	90	70
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	445	430	225	115	105
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	5	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855	13,485	7,465	6,020
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	205	245	130	115
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090	4,795	2,465	2,335
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	105	55	50
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210	11,115	5,390	5,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	300	220	120	105
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	15	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	590	520	750	405	350
Persian languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355	10,090	4,835	5,250
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815	675	320	355
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530	8,570	4,115	4,460
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005	845	400	440
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	40	20	15	0	0	0	182,585	88,060	94,525	89,325	41,435	47,885
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	65	75	30	40
Italian	10	0	0	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085	21,255	8,905	12,350
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920	9,715	4,550	5,165
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355	7,290	3,495	3,800
Spanish	30	15	10	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050	50,960	24,440	26,520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	40	25	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	5	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	455	700	705	285	425
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630	2,705	1,205	1,495
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	55	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265	4,240	2,060	2,180
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	235	245	340	160	180
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	205	100	105
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	20	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	110	85	45	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	445	410	455	235	220
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	415	545	335	145	190
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	410	525	570	255	320
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	20	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	25	10	10
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	10	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	775	875	465	215	250
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	35	15	20
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	75	35	95	65	30
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,665	810	855	290	155	135
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	100	145	130	50	80
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	600	325	275
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	180	85	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	320	400	330	150	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	195	200	105	60	45
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	185	95	55	40
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	10	5	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945	515	300	220
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	165	135	90	45	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	775	615	305	165	140
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	345	205	125	85	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,120	31,725	35,390	35,185	16,285	18,900
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,880	31,610	35,275	35,100	16,245	18,855
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	80	75	35	35
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650	23,585	10,965	12,620
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	680	835	1,050	460	590
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	260	275	285	135	145
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985	9,590	4,395	5,195
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	445	430	505	250	255
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	65	30	35
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	30	10	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	35	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230	870	405	465
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065	715	350	370
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	95	160	150	60	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000	3,575	1,790	1,780
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	95	75	100	60	40
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	5
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765	3,325	1,665	1,660
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	85	100	45	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	25	10	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	670	830	695	285	415
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	20	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	645	805	675	275	400
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	25	10	10
Multiple responses	65	35	30	25	10	15	357,245	176,070	181,175	154,590	76,515	78,075
English and French	5	5	5	20	5	15	137,120	69,025	68,095	45,705	23,415	22,290
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0	0	0	60,495	29,540	30,950	32,655	15,945	16,710
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150	55,175	26,790	28,385
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	5	5	0	39,875	19,575	20,300	19,445	9,630	9,820
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675	1,605	740	865
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	525	275	250	405	180	230	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
None	375	200	180	325	145	185	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155	1,279,175	629,625	649,555
English	10	10	5	40	20	25	353,690	183,470	170,225	115,715	59,690	56,025
French	35	20	15	15	5	10	259,425	127,380	132,040	109,450	53,550	55,895
Non-official language	70	35	40	15	10	10	269,715	129,830	139,890	129,625	62,430	67,195
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820	145	55	90
Non-Indigenous	70	35	40	15	10	10	264,405	127,330	137,070	129,480	62,370	67,105
English and French	10	5	5	0	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525	29,960	15,165	14,790
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0	0	0	76,755	38,765	37,990	35,695	18,170	17,525
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	5	5	0	55,860	26,915	28,945	27,860	13,495	14,370
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595	3,580	1,835	1,740
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595	10,200	5,165	5,035
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	530	265	265	410	175	235	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	1,723,225	851,610	871,615
Official languages	530	265	265	395	175	230	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230	1,681,610	834,860	846,755
English	310	160	150	305	150	155	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465	1,216,575	623,125	593,455
French	500	255	255	385	155	230	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750	1,475,945	727,525	748,420
Non-official languages	325	155	170	100	45	55	1,853,710	899,285	954,430	862,365	420,005	442,360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640	800	315	485
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380	365	150	210
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290	260	100	160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330	20	0	15
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020	150	60	90
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195	65	30	40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	120	145	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285	70	25	45
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720	80	25	60
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	495	505	20	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	25	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	205	160	25	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045	90	50	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	800	955	30	20	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	110	100	55	30	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	70	35	15	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	20	15	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	30	20	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	25	15	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150	315	75	235
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140	310	75	235
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	110	65	50	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	100	60	45	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	30	0	10	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	45	15	15	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	155	170	100	45	55	1,804,195	875,095	929,095	861,690	419,765	441,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	35	15	20	385,210	201,105	184,100	193,965	101,880	92,090
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820	23,765	12,670	11,095
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930	21,490	11,425	10,070
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680	2,020	1,120	900
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	545	455	560	290	270
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350	1,205	655	545
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	525	575	370	210
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	825	825	625	290	340
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	580	575	745	385	360
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160	1,160	540	615
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	15	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100	1,115	515	600
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	50	15	40
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	363,875	190,005	173,870	182,025	95,605	86,420
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	605	620	780	375	405
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	343,675	179,750	163,930	173,385	91,115	82,270
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	460	480	215	95	125
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	110	100	45	20	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	10	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	310	345	155	70	95
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275	7,665	4,080	3,580
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	20	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	490	520	820	400	420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	75	50	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405	30,875	14,470	16,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855	6,850	3,180	3,675
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920	24,550	11,565	12,985
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	50	25	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225	24,510	9,720	14,785
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	150	190	175	65	110
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	285	370	450	200	255
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315	1,155	395	755
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	470	745	765	265	500
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280	2,925	1,225	1,700
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	625	885	805	365	440
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	45	25	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595	835	405	425
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075	655	320	335
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	570	515	185	90	90
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	275	320	355	190	165
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	195	265	355	165	200
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	120	55	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480	21,575	8,340	13,235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	655	990	905	390	515
Creole languages	160	80	80	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235	74,245	33,880	40,365
Haitian Creole	160	80	80	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480	66,445	30,045	36,400
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	165	175	215	115	105
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	50	60	25	40
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330	2,365	1,215	1,140
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	570	500	185	100	80
Creole, n.o.s.	75	40	35	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560	11,950	5,630	6,320
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630	1,520	685	835
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320	16,725	8,745	7,975
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	530	395	540	325	215
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200	1,760	935	825
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100	12,940	6,480	6,465
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205	2,415	1,600	815
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	30	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	150	75	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	165	75	85	65	25	35	1,014,365	490,155	524,215	450,480	219,660	230,825
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230	2,425	1,220	1,205
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310	7,185	3,350	3,835
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330	40,980	19,110	21,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	465	635	530	215	315
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	190	85	105
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	290	375	340	135	210
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885	40,615	18,955	21,660
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	230	160	55	105
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165	3,765	1,820	1,945
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120	990	455	535
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	205	250	215	80	135
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235	7,925	3,535	4,390
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135	23,995	11,285	12,705
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635	3,390	1,700	1,695
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540	675	315	365
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405	1,515	775	740
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725	1,725	840	885
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	175	140	95	60	40
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,380	630	750	590	250	340
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	340	465	345	145	200
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605	4,905	2,155	2,745
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	40	10	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	375	295	275	150	125
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	45	35	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	35	20	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	80	85	45	45
Germanic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	65,625	33,305	32,320	28,325	14,670	13,655
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	40	20	25
High German languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	57,640	29,540	28,105	25,545	13,365	12,180
German	0	0	0	10	0	10	44,170	22,715	21,450	17,050	8,935	8,110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	785	830	300	120	175
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290	8,490	4,455	4,030
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265	2,020	1,005	1,025
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	295	285	205	95	105
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600	1,645	825	820
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	30	20	0	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	340	400	175	85	90
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705	1,440	725	710
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	395	460	425	190	230
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55	45	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	375	360	285	155	130
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	980	920	820	445	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	100	80	30	50
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,375	24,835	25,540	20,685	9,850	10,830
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	136,020	71,180	64,840	77,115	41,190	35,920
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,745	48,355	42,395	58,875	31,985	26,890
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	35	25	15
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850	12,945	6,685	6,255
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050	6,930	3,785	3,140
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,765	19,145	16,620	24,370	13,400	10,970
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	155	220	195	95	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	40	25	15
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	155	95	60
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	620	545	780	440	340
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	740	635	485	270	220
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	60	45	20	35
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	30	15	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	20	0	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710	22,580	12,435	10,150
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	115	115	100	50	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	860	755	845	470	370
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850	11,425	6,220	5,200
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	445	320	500	325	180
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695	18,895	9,560	9,335
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755	780	465	315
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	55	80	35	40
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975	1,225	645	580
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160	17,095	8,600	8,495
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390	1,280	645	640
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645	14,160	7,125	7,040
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340	1,790	920	865
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	180	115	105	55	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65	80	45	35
Italic (Romance) languages	165	75	85	50	20	25	684,830	324,095	360,735	293,340	139,795	153,545
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	725	530	715	400	315
Italian	95	45	50	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645	95,535	45,630	49,905
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600	28,840	14,425	14,410
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090	15,245	7,225	8,020
Spanish	80	40	40	35	10	20	453,905	210,400	243,505	177,230	83,945	93,280
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	670	435	405	240	165
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	150	135	115	70	45
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820	4,585	2,190	2,400
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350	5,035	2,200	2,835
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	125	195	180	55	120
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845	31,565	16,015	15,555
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115	1,340	755	585
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720	1,540	790	745
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	190	175	245	115	125
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080	865	505	360
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825	2,730	1,485	1,245
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	225	150	220	145	75
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	150	75	40	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	45	0	40
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	435	315	485	280	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065	1,825	855	970
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730	7,315	3,405	3,910
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	600	605	520	225	295
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	810	805	620	340	280
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	20	15	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	95	115	70	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825	2,045	1,010	1,035
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	190	155	245	150	95
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	375	195	465	310	155
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	45	15	30
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040	3,405	1,710	1,695
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095	1,005	510	495
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595	4,030	2,185	1,840
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490	2,040	1,025	1,015
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695	7,005	3,630	3,375
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	905	960	705	390	315
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,845	895	950	690	385	310
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	555	440	425	225	200
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580	1,985	795	1,185
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	575	735	495	160	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400	1,345	510	830
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,555	830	725	340	210	130
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575	56,545	26,095	30,455
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285	56,370	26,025	30,340
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	810	370	445	335	170	160
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420	41,405	18,880	22,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455	2,725	1,170	1,560
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	565	685	695	310	390
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600	19,045	8,640	10,405
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,500	785	715	860	455	410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	105	50	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	190	275	180	60	115
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	110	65	10	60
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	95	95	50	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	70	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	45	55	30	30
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160	2,755	1,240	1,520
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885	1,985	965	1,020
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800	1,085	390	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	30	15	20
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850	9,265	4,570	4,695
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	570	425	520	325	200
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	60	35	25
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065	8,445	4,105	4,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	155	200	205	95	110
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	155	170	140	85	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	205	90	115
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115	3,265	1,435	1,835
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	90	140	85	35	50
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	250	270	245	120	125
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705	2,945	1,280	1,660
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	430	405	425	215	205
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	530	265	270	410	180	235	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865	15,315	7,080	8,235
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045	14,315	6,630	7,685
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475	8,065	3,655	4,415
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390	5,705	2,835	2,870
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175	545	135	405
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560	305	150	155
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265	695	305	385
Non-Indigenous identity	530	260	270	410	175	235	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760	1,707,915	844,530	863,385
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	530	265	270	410	180	235	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945	3,465	1,570	1,890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	530	265	270	410	180	235	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680	1,719,765	850,040	869,730
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
Owner	130	...	...	25	...	...	2,245,605	...	...	297,340	...	...
Renter	30	...	...	210	...	...	1,497,010	...	...	519,020	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0	...	...	515,590	...	...	178,700	...	...
Not condominium	155	...	...	230	...	...	3,233,445	...	...	637,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...	19,020	...	...
1 bedroom	0	...	...	80	...	...	623,295	...	...	254,075	...	...
2 bedrooms	20	...	...	120	...	...	1,173,600	...	...	284,300	...	...
3 bedrooms	70	...	...	35	...	...	1,189,790	...	...	194,410	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	65	...	...	10	...	...	730,330	...	...	64,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	20	...	...	180	...	...	1,378,765	...	...	473,475	...	...
5 rooms	45	...	...	30	...	...	645,635	...	...	155,105	...	...
6 rooms	25	...	...	25	...	...	435,225	...	...	69,335	...	...
7 rooms	30	...	...	0	...	...	403,225	...	...	48,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	0	...	...	886,180	...	...	70,315	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.8	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
One person or fewer per room	155	...	...	230	...	...	3,700,720	...	...	789,745	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	10	...	...	48,315	...	...	26,615	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
Suitable	140	...	...	230	...	...	3,606,260	...	...	745,905	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	15	...	...	142,775	...	...	70,450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
1960 or before	25	...	...	125	...	...	879,375	...	...	293,880	...	...
1961 to 1980	55	...	...	40	...	...	1,114,690	...	...	248,030	...	...
1981 to 1990	40	...	...	50	...	...	509,120	...	...	89,700	...	...
1991 to 2000	25	...	...	0	...	...	385,315	...	...	57,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...	28,770	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...	30,795	...	...
2011 to 2015	15	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...	33,075	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	10	...	...	217,715	...	...	34,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	145	...	...	230	...	...	3,512,925	...	...	746,280	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	10	...	...	236,110	...	...	70,075	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
One-maintainer household	65	...	...	150	...	...	2,097,670	...	...	494,140	...	...
Two-maintainer household	80	...	...	75	...	...	1,561,495	...	...	291,245	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	10	...	...	89,875	...	...	30,970	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	165	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	15	...	...	117,525	...	...	39,665	...	...
25 to 34 years	0	...	...	85	...	...	525,540	...	...	154,835	...	...
35 to 44 years	30	...	...	30	...	...	647,165	...	...	156,945	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	10	...	...	628,630	...	...	137,925	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	35	...	...	760,395	...	...	137,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	20	...	...	629,965	...	...	105,800	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	20	...	...	336,170	...	...	59,160	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	20	...	...	103,640	...	...	24,920	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	160	...	...	235	...	...	3,706,605	...	...	808,950	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	145	...	...	160	...	...	3,110,920	...	...	612,990	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	20	...	...	75	...	...	595,690	...	...	195,960	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15	...	...	70	...	...	542,060	...	...	171,990	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	160	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...	816,355	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	100	...	...	901,440	...	...	301,530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	20	...	...	75	...	...	537,090	...	...	168,425	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	15	...	...	112,775	...	...	52,965	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	10	...	...	179,840	...	...	46,120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...	10,065	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...	16,530	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...	6,480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...	940	...	...
Acceptable housing	115	...	...	140	...	...	2,847,590	...	...	514,825	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	155	...	...	230	...	...	3,652,985	...	...	784,980	...	...
In core need	0	...	...	40	...	...	218,275	...	...	82,165	...	...
Not in core need	150	...	...	190	...	...	3,434,710	...	...	702,815	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	130	...	...	25	...	...	2,227,470	...	...	297,340	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.9	...	...	80.0	...	...	62.2	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	80.0	...	...	10.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...	3.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	x	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,500	...	...	1,195	...	...	1,532	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	x	...	...	300,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	420,000	...	...	680,000	...	...	376,800	...	...	584,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	215	...	...	1,493,510	...	...	519,015	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	9.3	...	...	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	28.6	...	...	25.2	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	19.5	...	...	11.9	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	840	...	...	810	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	1,050	...	...	886	...	...	969	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	530	260	265	410	175	230	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,723,230	851,615	871,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990	8,560	3,785	4,780
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585	8,395	3,715	4,680
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300	7,165	3,225	3,935
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310	880	380	500
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980	350	110	240
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400	170	70	100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	865	965	90	45	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	365	400	70	20	55
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	40	20	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830	28,175	12,775	15,400
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460	27,945	12,705	15,240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720	25,185	11,485	13,695
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020	2,455	1,140	1,310
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720	310	80	235
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370	225	70	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025	195	60	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	240	295	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	525	260	265	410	175	230	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805	1,686,490	835,050	851,435
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	530	265	265	410	175	230	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	520	260	260	375	145	230	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855	1,434,570	703,030	731,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	65	50	30	10	25	1,570,720	805,100	765,625	279,730	142,810	136,925
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	415	195	220	345	135	205	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230	1,154,835	560,215	594,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	0	0	0	35	30	0	518,265	264,490	253,775	288,660	148,585	140,075
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	530	265	265	410	175	230	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	360	170	190	345	135	205	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705	1,017,325	502,500	514,820
Immigrants⁸¹	170	90	80	50	20	30	1,210,600	588,960	621,640	576,120	278,025	298,100
Before 1980	45	25	20	0	0	0	187,200	91,895	95,300	87,415	40,730	46,685
1980 to 1990	30	10	15	0	0	0	124,610	61,850	62,755	59,835	29,275	30,555
1991 to 2000	60	25	35	10	0	10	190,495	91,635	98,860	95,220	45,340	49,880
2001 to 2010	25	15	15	10	0	0	312,210	150,825	161,390	139,575	67,480	72,090
2011 to 2021⁸²	15	15	0	30	15	15	396,090	192,745	203,340	194,080	95,195	98,885
2011 to 2015	10	10	0	15	0	15	193,345	93,485	99,855	90,040	43,785	46,255
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	15	10	0	202,740	99,260	103,480	104,040	51,410	52,630
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	20	20	0	205,770	113,500	92,275	129,780	71,085	58,695
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	170	95	80	55	20	30	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	576,125	278,025	298,100
Under 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,295	56,755	55,540	45,920	23,340	22,575
5 to 14 years	65	50	20	15	0	15	201,385	101,555	99,835	90,130	45,385	44,740
15 to 24 years	45	10	40	0	0	0	213,035	96,175	116,860	104,655	46,955	57,705
25 to 44 years	55	30	25	25	15	10	594,845	292,975	301,875	290,245	141,865	148,380
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540	45,170	20,475	24,700
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	170	95	80	55	20	30	1,210,600	588,955	621,645	576,125	278,025	298,100
Americas	125	70	55	0	0	0	264,885	121,740	143,145	127,690	58,995	68,690
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180	3,760	1,770	1,990
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125	8,195	3,835	4,360
El Salvador	10	0	0	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730	6,400	3,265	3,130
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260	1,350	660	690
Haiti	90	55	40	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820	47,555	21,110	26,445
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590	2,670	1,090	1,585
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455	8,225	4,005	4,220
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595	6,715	3,060	3,660
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160	2,120	970	1,155
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745	10,180	5,260	4,920
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480	30,520	13,985	16,535
Europe	35	25	10	10	0	10	309,015	154,110	154,910	137,155	66,390	70,765
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025	780	390	385
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960	760	390	375
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290	39,280	20,790	18,485
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295	2,480	1,285	1,200
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340	7,730	3,445	4,285
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475	1,365	650	720
Italy	35	25	10	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040	30,215	14,095	16,120
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	870	785	500	310	190
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555	4,685	1,965	2,720
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805	7,715	3,520	4,195
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530	9,655	4,440	5,215
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825	5,520	2,235	3,290
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	760	850	675	320	350
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350	4,385	1,940	2,445
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715	4,005	2,245	1,755
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075	17,395	8,365	9,030
Africa	0	0	0	25	0	20	302,010	153,655	148,355	140,555	71,665	68,890
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295	43,840	22,680	21,165
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140	6,025	2,765	3,265
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805	9,400	4,720	4,685
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	305	300	495	250	250
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	485	565	660	305	355
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060	33,005	16,490	16,515
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025	1,200	630	565
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	350	400	200	200
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	575	450	415	275	140
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360	45,115	23,355	21,760
Asia	0	0	0	10	0	0	332,925	158,445	174,475	169,860	80,480	89,375
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725	1,100	570	535
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215	9,815	4,825	4,990
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980	1,610	890	725
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670	17,455	9,230	8,220
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170	12,040	6,095	5,940
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605	4,010	2,020	1,995
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490	26,330	11,650	14,680
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520	2,375	1,130	1,245
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905	2,680	1,185	1,495
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485	1,265	540	725
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515	20,475	7,940	12,535
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900	16,395	7,460	8,935
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455	7,035	3,560	3,475
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,990	12,770	12,225	13,570	7,040	6,525
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285	5,730	3,040	2,690
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560	6,965	3,425	3,540
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,455	20,665	23,790	21,010	9,890	11,120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750	860	485	375
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	15	10	0	202,740	99,265	103,480	104,040	51,410	52,625
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920	15,850	7,650	8,205
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410	1,105	455	645
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315	1,260	575	685
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395	5,495	2,700	2,795
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	130	90	135	70	60
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280	1,320	690	625
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975	2,255	1,165	1,090
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020	915	355	555
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440	3,375	1,630	1,740
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185	17,760	9,335	8,425
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655	11,735	6,290	5,445
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	240	235	130	105
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	85	15	55	45	10
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	420	260	160
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	515	850	625	235	390
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	720	940	750	355	395
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	615	360	480	290	185
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845	3,465	1,725	1,740
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095	34,835	17,255	17,575
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245	10,085	4,925	5,160
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120	715	385	335
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650	3,555	1,730	1,825
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180	1,490	645	845
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255	1,625	785	835
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135	1,470	795	675
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	275	145	125
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	75	75	90	40	45
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080	5,375	2,535	2,835
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	995	525	470	550	310	240
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	40	25	20
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	105	55	50
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	70	40	35
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260	3,360	1,755	1,610
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330	6,015	3,075	2,945
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120	35,290	16,975	18,315
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265	180	95	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	625	960	465	495
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055	4,960	2,085	2,875
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	55	10	40
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030	5,690	3,035	2,655
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235	2,275	1,025	1,250
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	325	245	145	100
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	205	185	145	90	60
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	75	250	185	55	130
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	285	275	355	160	195
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	585	775	750	320	435
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700	1,710	930	775
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	140	100	180	110	75
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025	1,030	520	505
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920	5,730	2,455	3,280
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	790	600	860	540	325
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	320	385	500	205	295
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425	5,895	3,065	2,835
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	355	520	295	225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	510	470	580	290	290
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010	910	395	515
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035	1,565	680	880
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	355	160	305	195	110
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	195	95	195	125	65
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	160	60	110	70	45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	530	265	265	410	175	235	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625	1,723,225	851,610	871,615
First generation¹⁰⁰	170	90	75	65	40	30	1,471,845	728,125	743,715	725,270	358,390	366,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	205	90	115	50	20	30	883,485	446,000	437,490	361,130	181,485	179,645
Third generation or more¹⁰²	155	85	70	290	120	170	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415	636,825	311,740	325,090
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	125	70	60	50	15	30	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	488,705	237,295	251,410
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	50	30	25	20	10	20	559,935	290,040	269,895	267,215	137,555	129,660
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	20	15	0	15	10	10	267,870	161,125	106,740	135,610	78,460	57,150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	15	20	10	0	10	292,070	128,915	163,155	131,610	59,100	72,515
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	55	25	30	0	0	0	272,255	109,735	162,515	133,215	54,390	78,825
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	10	0	20	10	10	175,740	89,995	85,740	79,320	41,035	38,285
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185	8,955	4,310	4,645
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	125	70	60	50	15	30	1,023,400	497,055	526,340	488,705	237,295	251,410
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	10	0	10	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495	50,275	26,560	23,710
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	10	0	0	0	94,185	46,445	47,740	50,365	23,725	26,640
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115	11,765	6,105	5,655
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130	25,200	14,095	11,105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440	4,400	1,875	2,525
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	95	50	40	30	10	20	756,120	358,700	397,420	346,705	164,930	181,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	530	265	270	410	180	235	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	285	140	145	70	30	35	1,340,735	662,065	678,670	668,975	330,800	338,175
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,990	67,140	60,850	79,670	42,620	37,050
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865	56,935	26,075	30,860
Black	215	110	105	10	10	0	422,405	206,335	216,070	198,610	96,350	102,255
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580	27,355	11,555	15,805
Arab	0	0	0	50	15	35	280,075	146,990	133,085	141,935	74,355	67,585
Latin American	70	25	40	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880	78,150	38,450	39,705
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945	37,905	17,950	19,955
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735	17,500	8,735	8,765
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535	5,245	2,365	2,880
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120	2,645	1,045	1,600
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125	5,470	2,675	2,795
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875	17,540	8,615	8,920
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	240	120	120	345	150	195	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955	1,054,255	520,810	533,445
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	530	265	265	410	175	235	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Canadian	55	25	30	115	50	60	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880	216,645	104,085	112,565
English	10	10	0	10	0	10	177,710	88,910	88,800	43,185	22,080	21,110
Irish	0	0	0	30	10	15	404,190	193,440	210,745	80,635	38,520	42,120
Scottish	0	0	0	20	20	0	192,685	93,120	99,565	44,880	21,650	23,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	55	35	15	105	45	55	1,778,900	897,890	881,010	307,670	155,535	152,135
German	0	0	0	20	10	15	124,305	60,295	64,010	31,730	15,215	16,510
Chinese	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255	61,715	28,350	33,365
Italian	120	65	60	20	0	20	316,315	157,600	158,720	135,430	66,225	69,205
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,790	34,390	31,405	36,920	19,740	17,180
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	0	10	38,685	18,590	20,095	14,865	7,080	7,785
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305	6,520	3,225	3,295
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495	23,515	11,460	12,060
Québécois	0	0	0	45	30	20	931,940	465,630	466,305	103,145	51,885	51,265
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275	11,665	6,000	5,670
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760	26,105	11,050	15,045
French Canadian	0	0	0	15	0	10	588,805	290,630	298,180	59,380	28,470	30,910
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020	19,910	10,385	9,530
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095	15,970	7,210	8,760
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410	3,645	1,645	2,000
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625	22,450	11,380	11,070
Russian	0	0	0	10	10	0	47,195	21,990	25,200	20,180	9,420	10,760
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160	2,370	1,150	1,220
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810	3,345	1,715	1,630
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255	23,120	11,280	11,840
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230	11,970	5,910	6,055
Spanish	25	15	10	10	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775	31,535	15,600	15,940
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700	2,500	1,180	1,320
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950	9,065	4,385	4,680
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495	11,725	5,325	6,400
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815	9,080	4,870	4,210
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205	33,155	16,460	16,695
Jewish	0	0	0	10	10	0	57,320	29,015	28,305	26,680	13,550	13,135
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725	5,655	3,385	2,270
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665	26,955	12,890	14,070
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610	52,935	28,050	24,885
Greek	15	0	0	0	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620	26,980	13,250	13,725
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905	5,905	2,760	3,140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630	8,475	3,860	4,610
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005	780	355	430
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720	5,445	2,485	2,960
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	15	46,765	22,775	23,995	16,255	7,785	8,470
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470	30,115	15,635	14,475
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975	12,890	6,310	6,575
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425	11,615	5,780	5,835
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590	1,820	845	970
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190	3,710	1,705	2,005
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415	3,335	1,775	1,560
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610	3,485	1,725	1,755
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315	10,940	5,520	5,420
Haitian	205	105	95	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570	80,485	37,710	42,775
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125	5,610	3,195	2,420
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320	15,365	7,685	7,680
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	365	385	195	195
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110	5,470	2,695	2,775
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740	1,000	425	580
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240	7,720	3,820	3,905
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370	2,230	1,080	1,155
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245	3,565	1,490	2,075
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455	1,770	970	800
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545	2,310	1,015	1,300
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955	1,300	685	615
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965	8,530	4,530	3,995
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500	13,040	6,810	6,230
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585	12,215	6,250	5,965
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970	4,835	2,245	2,585
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	660	470	345	205	145
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680	11,580	5,525	6,055
Moroccan	0	0	0	20	0	20	81,230	41,590	39,635	37,360	19,125	18,235
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985	2,395	1,080	1,315
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770	13,935	6,830	7,105
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825	1,650	815	835
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275	1,885	1,005	885
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465	7,275	3,530	3,740
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700	1,755	835	920
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	540	585	250	130	125
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	935	895	390	230	160
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080	1,000	460	540
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140	795	370	430
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845	4,285	2,325	1,955
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790	2,925	1,500	1,425
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770	8,160	4,055	4,105
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455	775	220	555
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445	8,790	4,475	4,310
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905	40,570	21,135	19,435
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155	6,440	3,085	3,355
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630	1,780	820	955
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530	10,715	5,120	5,595
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075	1,375	640	735
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790	2,990	1,430	1,555
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110	1,155	550	610
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950	1,860	860	1,000
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095	1,770	975	800
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670	9,125	4,430	4,700
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040	5,045	2,265	2,780
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905	1,775	775	995
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780	3,005	1,655	1,355
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170	4,900	2,065	2,835
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365	1,725	860	865
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750	1,900	775	1,120
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995	2,110	930	1,180
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	545	500	465	220	245
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	885	935	830	405	425
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055	3,525	1,890	1,640
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265	6,025	2,985	3,040
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220	9,965	4,820	5,140
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	640	790	505	225	280
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	740	705	965	495	475
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185	3,165	1,615	1,550
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155	8,415	3,870	4,545
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270	1,710	940	770
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265	8,775	4,125	4,650
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990	19,835	10,545	9,290
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265	2,560	1,300	1,260
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	585	510	360	200	160
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	355	325	165	160
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280	825	365	455
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310	2,185	1,225	960
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560	850	430	425
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	710	630	880	475	405
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	400	400	615	305	310
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880	1,290	680	610
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285	2,760	1,485	1,275
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405	1,345	600	740
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	790	830	550	235	315
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815	4,040	1,955	2,085
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	175	240	100	35	65
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590	1,735	925	810
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390	2,410	1,195	1,215
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610	1,600	790	810
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110	825	450	375
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735	11,510	6,360	5,150
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455	1,350	615	725
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030	3,770	1,915	1,850
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150	510	245	270
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640	3,895	1,730	2,160
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455	1,610	705	905
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	760	875	625	330	295
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285	3,570	1,775	1,800
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510	6,740	3,360	3,380
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570	4,875	2,545	2,330
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135	1,000	455	540
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810	2,510	1,280	1,235
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	705	745	1,085	525	565
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	595	600	310	160	150
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	890	800	585	295	290
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	110	170	90	40	50
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345	1,190	565	630
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165	675	355	315
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925	2,545	1,310	1,230
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	885	450	435	365	215	150
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190	1,470	840	635
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	15	0	10
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	290	315	390	185	205
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160	715	370	345
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290	2,240	1,170	1,070
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040	1,150	395	755
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800	5,245	2,460	2,790
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	505	475	430	240	185
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440	10,940	5,660	5,275
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	395	440	345	150	200
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	535	340	565	325	240
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465	1,090	555	535
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	25	10	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	210	220	100	45	50
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790	1,685	750	935
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945	3,295	1,630	1,665
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615	1,120	500	615
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	360	265	265	150	115
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	245	255	300	155	145
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775	3,775	1,765	2,010
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	90	45	20	25
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	405	440	375	205	165
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	90	35	15	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825	5,440	2,890	2,545
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530	1,425	655	770
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	130	70	25	45
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	635	730	690	295	400
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780	1,565	705	860
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530	1,850	905	940
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	260	105	155
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905	3,370	1,610	1,760
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	35	10	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,485	750	735	140	60	85
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970	2,120	1,025	1,090
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	230	185	370	210	160
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365	1,255	630	625
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700	1,955	1,080	870
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	245	280	210	95	115
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840	2,215	885	1,330
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	815	635	770	430	340
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	225	255	110	45	60
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	50	15	35
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380	2,125	975	1,155
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	590	850	910	350	560
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	215	335	185	150
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	115	155	110	40	75
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	255	265	310	150	165
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630	1,695	900	795
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080	2,260	1,015	1,240
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	320	315	195	90	100
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	15	40	15	10	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	220	280	280	135	140
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	830	765	520	265	255
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	180	160	90	45	50
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925	3,165	1,585	1,580
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	500	490	510	260	245
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050	970	495	470
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	410	335	475	245	220
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	280	300	135	165
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	140	165	115	55	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195	1,635	815	815
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	135	65	70
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	180	105	75
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	265	320	225	105	120
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	550	620	480	210	270
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095	730	310	415
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065	325	145	180
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225	2,160	1,115	1,040
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90	125	60	65
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	100	55	50
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	50	25	25
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	250	240	175	85	90
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	435	365	515	275	240
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950	1,415	675	740
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	485	495	590	320	270
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850	980	515	465
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945	785	450	335
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	925	945	545	270	270
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930	870	500	370
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	130	210	290	105	185
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645	2,380	1,260	1,120
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725	2,670	1,375	1,290
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	240	280	255	100	155
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605	200	70	135
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170	2,000	1,140	865
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	205	115	180	125	55
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	270	250	235	110	125
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815	720	425	295
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	180	215	105	115
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630	1,625	755	865
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	75	40	30
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	100	65	75	55	15
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	195	230	290	130	155
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	300	335	100	45	55
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	95	45	45
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	145	175	90	35	60
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	530	265	270	405	180	235	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620	1,723,230	851,610	871,620
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980	26,395	11,650	14,745
Christian	465	230	240	190	85	105	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855	853,205	397,365	455,840
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	50	20	35	40	20	15	464,020	229,155	234,860	105,435	50,405	55,035
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	195	80	120
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230	9,480	4,260	5,220
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885	11,620	5,335	6,290
Catholic	240	120	120	150	65	85	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960	602,630	280,655	321,975
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,805	70,840	74,965	55,730	26,490	29,235
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910	6,790	2,720	4,070
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405	1,140	520	620
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615	1,510	685	825
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185	840	400	440
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735	14,860	6,485	8,380
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180	2,615	1,230	1,380
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	620	600	310	150	165
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945	3,950	1,655	2,295
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	105	60	50	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950	36,100	16,305	19,790
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,390	25,045	22,345	30,430	16,600	13,835
Jewish	0	0	0	15	0	10	84,530	41,470	43,065	35,930	17,990	17,940
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	421,710	218,255	203,455	218,395	113,570	104,820
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960	15,630	8,360	7,265
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895	205	80	130
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010	8,860	4,145	4,710
No religion and secular perspectives	55	35	25	185	75	110	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065	534,180	281,845	252,340
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	525	260	260	400	175	225	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870	1,706,230	842,970	863,255
Non-movers	515	260	250	295	135	160	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330	1,471,775	723,745	748,030
Movers	10	0	10	110	45	65	945,290	466,750	478,540	234,450	119,225	115,230
Non-migrants	10	0	0	95	35	60	543,670	268,740	274,925	174,665	88,775	85,895
Migrants	0	0	0	10	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615	59,790	30,455	29,335
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355	31,510	15,825	15,685
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455	22,730	11,190	11,535
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895	8,780	4,635	4,145
External migrants	0	0	0	10	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265	28,280	14,630	13,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	510	260	250	390	175	210	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760	1,634,705	806,720	827,980
Non-movers	350	180	170	185	85	100	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060	890,430	431,050	459,385
Movers	160	80	80	205	90	110	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700	744,270	375,675	368,595
Non-migrants	120	60	60	90	35	55	1,312,590	644,860	667,730	416,555	207,830	208,725
Migrants	40	25	20	110	55	55	1,763,060	874,090	888,970	327,720	167,840	159,875
Internal migrants	35	20	20	90	45	55	1,442,970	707,975	734,995	145,860	72,315	73,545
Intraprovincial migrants	35	20	20	80	30	55	1,359,165	666,050	693,115	118,675	58,715	59,960
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	10	0	83,805	41,925	41,880	27,185	13,600	13,580
External migrants	0	0	0	20	15	0	320,090	166,115	153,975	181,860	95,525	86,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	445	215	230	380	170	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	105	55	50	70	25	50	1,426,055	773,160	652,895	253,885	125,810	128,075
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	340	165	175	310	145	160	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320	1,199,415	587,940	611,470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	280	145	130	225	105	115	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	981,205	492,180	489,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	30	30	15	0	15	642,800	382,415	260,380	115,240	62,335	52,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	120	105	210	105	105	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390	865,970	429,855	436,115
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	450	220	225	380	175	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
No certificate, diploma or degree	75	40	40	70	25	45	1,256,550	656,495	600,060	228,310	111,220	117,090
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	145	65	80	85	30	55	1,482,020	719,250	762,770	281,440	143,785	137,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	230	120	110	220	115	100	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380	943,545	458,740	484,805
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	100	80	110	75	35	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615	420,630	208,325	212,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	60	25	20	15	0	1,096,360	666,925	429,435	135,320	75,570	59,755
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	70	40	25	0	0	0	793,030	427,220	365,815	98,575	50,165	48,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	15	15	0	303,330	239,705	63,620	36,750	25,405	11,335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	35	45	75	50	25	1,202,040	528,525	673,515	226,630	107,020	119,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	10	10	15	15	0	252,815	102,150	150,665	58,675	25,735	32,945
Bachelor's degree or higher	45	20	30	110	45	65	1,628,940	741,170	887,765	522,915	250,415	272,500
Bachelor's degree	35	10	25	55	25	30	1,011,695	443,295	568,405	294,530	137,550	156,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	10	149,425	66,595	82,825	51,000	23,685	27,315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	20	0	15	43,755	20,810	22,940	13,135	6,300	6,830
Master's degree	0	0	0	15	10	0	360,795	174,150	186,645	138,940	68,590	70,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	0	10	63,270	36,320	26,955	25,315	14,295	11,025
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	275	145	135	220	105	115	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765	981,210	492,185	489,025
No certificate, diploma or degree	40	20	20	10	0	10	525,155	303,815	221,345	97,670	52,760	44,910
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	30	30	35	15	20	752,855	388,160	364,700	146,020	79,740	66,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	180	95	80	175	90	85	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	737,515	359,680	377,835
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	80	55	70	45	30	1,849,290	942,950	906,335	302,205	152,275	149,925
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	50	20	15	10	10	836,455	498,385	338,075	103,365	56,740	46,625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	35	20	10	0	10	609,895	319,470	290,425	76,115	38,060	38,055
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	10	10	0	226,565	178,915	47,650	27,250	18,680	8,565
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	25	30	45	25	15	838,140	372,455	465,685	155,015	75,780	79,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	0	15	15	0	174,695	72,115	102,580	43,825	19,755	24,070
Bachelor's degree or higher	40	15	20	100	45	55	1,307,225	573,835	733,395	435,315	207,405	227,905
Bachelor's degree	40	15	20	55	25	30	802,755	343,100	459,650	239,785	112,440	127,345
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	0	0	119,460	50,155	69,310	42,855	19,650	23,205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	0	10	33,445	13,520	19,920	10,470	4,595	5,875
Master's degree	0	0	0	15	15	0	302,065	140,530	161,530	121,575	59,570	62,010
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	0	10	49,500	26,520	22,985	20,630	11,160	9,475
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	445	220	225	380	175	210	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	1,453,300	713,750	739,550
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	220	100	120	160	55	105	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830	509,755	255,010	254,740
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	47,580	11,515	36,060
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640	47,580	11,515	36,060
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	35	15	15	166,900	75,420	91,480	63,605	30,650	32,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990	7,690	5,340	2,350
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	30	15	15	143,365	58,875	84,490	55,915	25,310	30,600
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	228,770	90,810	137,960	69,055	27,655	41,405
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080	13,280	3,420	9,860
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065	7,005	2,310	4,695
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345	24,785	10,755	14,030
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365	750	270	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240	4,470	2,710	1,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735	1,895	1,240	655
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445	5,890	3,170	2,720
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680	10,980	3,785	7,195
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	0	25	30	15	20	430,845	142,280	288,570	135,105	49,230	85,875
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460	1,930	580	1,345
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020	21,825	7,570	14,260
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535	16,140	1,820	14,315
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160	24,300	9,690	14,610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825	3,725	1,115	2,610
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135	18,040	4,375	13,670
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	15	10	10	134,510	67,065	67,440	49,145	24,080	25,070
Business, management and public administration	45	15	25	75	25	50	950,820	357,290	593,535	212,570	93,910	118,660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	305	475	195	110	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145	10,270	2,590	7,675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	15	25	65	20	50	894,690	344,770	549,925	202,105	91,205	110,895
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	158,655	83,605	75,050	48,295	25,025	23,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755	19,755	8,140	11,615
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375	7,970	4,260	3,710
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400	4,885	2,495	2,400
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350	14,030	9,170	4,855
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165	1,650	965	690
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0	177,780	124,955	52,825	58,555	41,475	17,080
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	0	0	0	147,845	110,915	36,930	47,925	35,890	12,030
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355	3,205	810	2,400
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645	6,060	3,785	2,280
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900	1,365	995	375
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	65	65	0	30	30	0	866,885	778,835	88,060	153,375	127,040	26,335
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895	11,945	6,400	5,550
14. Engineering	10	10	0	0	0	0	181,290	147,120	34,170	67,700	52,785	14,915
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	0	10	10	0	161,440	141,185	20,255	24,350	20,890	3,460
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	65	115	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	15	15	0	189,550	182,910	6,635	19,805	18,840	970
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	25	25	0	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010	18,350	17,680	675
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975	11,150	10,425	725
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225	10,155	5,040	5,115
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100	6,670	3,340	3,330
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125	3,490	1,700	1,785
Health and related fields	35	0	30	25	15	15	515,215	101,455	413,760	106,500	26,315	80,185
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215	6,050	3,110	2,945
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	10	0	10	470,150	78,875	391,275	95,775	20,920	74,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	270	575	170	75	100
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700	4,505	2,215	2,290
Personal, protective and transportation services	15	15	0	0	0	0	291,295	157,925	133,365	38,585	20,835	17,750
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625	24,500	9,050	15,445
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	320	35	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145	160	160	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905	6,385	4,920	1,465
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660	7,525	6,685	840
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	370	905	165	45	120
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	280	150	135	220	110	120	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	981,205	492,180	489,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	105	50	55	50	15	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	243,690	132,500	111,190
Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	33,780	8,105	25,675
13. Education	0	0	0	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965	33,780	8,105	25,675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	25	15	10	129,065	58,170	70,895	50,935	25,035	25,900
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590	6,360	4,440	1,920
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	15	10	110,860	45,555	65,305	44,575	20,595	23,980
Humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,140	56,410	87,730	46,970	18,990	27,980
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065	10,150	2,655	7,500
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510	5,430	1,810	3,620
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730	14,680	6,710	7,965
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	485	930	530	180	345
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815	3,255	1,965	1,290
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725	1,090	765	325
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305	4,355	2,340	2,015
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650	7,470	2,560	4,910
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	0	20	30	10	20	334,475	103,635	230,840	106,455	38,085	68,370
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725	1,550	480	1,065
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155	18,665	6,420	12,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	10	0	10	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025	12,815	1,340	11,475
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325	19,485	7,385	12,100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060	2,760	840	1,925
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835	13,520	3,205	10,310
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	15	10	10	101,105	49,385	51,720	37,670	18,415	19,255
Business, management and public administration	35	10	25	60	25	40	741,390	268,705	472,685	173,115	76,040	97,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	245	300	165	90	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335	8,055	2,070	5,980
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	35	10	25	55	20	40	697,775	259,725	438,045	164,900	73,875	91,030
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,055	53,195	48,865	32,990	16,980	16,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530	16,185	6,735	9,450
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780	3,955	2,115	1,840
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050	1,310	725	585
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650	10,390	6,710	3,680
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855	1,150	700	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	0	0	0	147,350	104,880	42,465	48,495	34,620	13,875
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,845	95,720	31,120	40,770	30,640	10,130
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510	2,310	595	1,715
27. Mathematics and statistics	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115	4,525	2,760	1,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710	890	625	265
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	45	0	15	15	0	665,365	588,950	76,415	123,175	100,630	22,545
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580	10,010	5,255	4,750
14. Engineering	10	10	0	10	10	0	152,450	121,715	30,735	57,935	44,795	13,135
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035	18,540	15,920	2,620
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	65	105	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570	15,040	14,235	805
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100	13,695	13,120	575
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290	7,890	7,285	605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320	8,675	4,150	4,525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335	5,650	2,705	2,950
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985	3,020	1,445	1,575
Health and related fields	35	0	30	30	15	15	387,725	74,730	312,995	82,510	20,560	61,950
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565	4,900	2,500	2,395
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	0	30	10	0	10	352,905	58,735	294,170	73,950	16,430	57,525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	180	550	145	50	95
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710	3,510	1,570	1,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800	30,275	16,455	13,825
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075	19,020	6,985	12,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	250	30	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	770	125	95	95	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230	5,050	3,915	1,135
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340	6,095	5,435	655
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	290	750	135	30	105
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	280	150	135	220	110	120	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770	981,205	492,180	489,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	105	50	55	50	15	30	1,278,015	691,975	586,035	243,690	132,500	111,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	175	100	80	175	90	80	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730	737,515	359,685	377,835
Location of study inside Canada	160	85	80	150	70	75	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400	529,195	254,400	274,795
Same as province or territory of residence	155	75	80	145	65	75	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410	503,230	241,010	262,225
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990	25,965	13,390	12,570
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	20	15	0	25	15	10	414,490	209,160	205,330	208,320	105,280	103,040
Americas	20	15	0	0	0	0	81,780	40,955	40,820	36,730	18,600	18,130
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930	10,760	6,075	4,690
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350	4,800	2,245	2,555
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555	1,340	685	660
Haiti	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245	5,065	2,775	2,295
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	125	95	110	70	45
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540	3,765	1,800	1,960
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340	3,560	1,695	1,870
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875	1,375	580	795
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090	1,680	680	995
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815	4,265	1,995	2,270
Europe	0	0	0	15	10	0	138,260	74,045	64,210	68,060	36,130	31,930
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030	1,775	910	865
France	0	0	0	10	10	0	77,225	43,085	34,135	41,640	22,775	18,860
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070	1,035	560	475
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	530	415	465	260	205
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090	965	570	400
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	180	195	105	95
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750	1,825	870	955
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080	815	285	530
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040	3,250	1,665	1,585
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905	2,410	1,105	1,305
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510	2,045	895	1,150
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	290	175	285	190	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070	4,680	2,520	2,160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	360	360	130	75	55
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985	1,325	760	565
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	180	115	40	75
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245	5,105	2,535	2,570
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,260	49,800	45,460	48,445	25,700	22,745
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,835	955	880	1,230	655	575
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850	19,210	9,980	9,230
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330	9,515	4,945	4,575
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730	4,555	2,570	1,990
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075	3,025	1,615	1,410
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	250	110	145
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310	10,660	5,840	4,825
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,865	43,055	53,805	53,780	24,120	29,655
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075	5,230	2,440	2,790
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	380	415	330	180	150
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	650	665	520	285	235
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050	4,185	2,105	2,075
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165	3,120	1,480	1,640
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	685	525	695	400	295
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570	9,950	4,420	5,540
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	235	430	365	150	220
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	170	235	230	110	120
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,395	435	955	800	300	500
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450	1,265	435	825
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195	8,890	2,860	6,030
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135	1,125	415	710
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215	2,020	1,065	955
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	410	565	645	240	410
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845	9,500	4,925	4,575
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125	1,165	575	590
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205	3,745	1,750	1,995
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025	1,305	730	575
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785	1,095	610	490
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	215	185	165	100	70
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	50	25	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	450	220	225	380	175	210	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
In the labour force	280	135	140	230	120	115	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870	959,135	498,125	461,010
Employed	270	130	140	215	105	105	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	859,920	445,255	414,665
Unemployed	10	10	0	15	15	0	335,015	176,245	158,775	99,210	52,870	46,345
Not in the labour force	170	85	85	150	50	95	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340	494,165	215,620	278,540
Participation rate	62.2	61.4	62.2	60.5	68.6	54.8	64.1	67.4	60.9	66.0	69.8	62.3
Employment rate	60.0	59.1	62.2	56.6	60.0	50.0	59.3	62.3	56.3	59.2	62.4	56.1
Unemployment rate	3.6	7.4	0.0	6.5	12.5	0.0	7.6	7.7	7.4	10.3	10.6	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	445	220	225	380	175	210	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215	1,453,300	713,750	739,550
Did not work¹⁸⁶	165	95	70	155	55	105	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125	508,670	222,700	285,970
Worked	285	125	155	225	120	105	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085	944,630	491,050	453,580
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	175	90	85	100	45	50	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775	464,805	252,405	212,400
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	110	35	75	125	70	50	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310	479,820	238,645	241,180
Average weeks worked in reference year	44.8	47.6	42.8	41.0	40.8	41.2	41.3	41.7	40.8	39.7	40.1	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	275	135	140	230	120	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	959,130	498,125	461,010
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	28,560	13,975	14,585
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	275	135	140	230	120	105	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	930,570	484,150	446,425
Employee	265	125	140	205	100	105	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740	811,850	411,090	400,750
Permanent position	230	105	125	135	75	60	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885	661,995	340,865	321,135
Temporary position	30	20	15	70	30	45	623,510	296,655	326,850	149,850	70,230	79,620
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	45	15	30	217,905	94,210	123,700	63,645	28,710	34,935
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	15	30	15	20	405,605	202,450	203,155	86,205	41,520	44,685
Self-employed¹⁹²	20	10	0	20	20	0	530,720	324,555	206,165	118,725	73,050	45,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	275	135	140	230	120	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	959,130	498,125	461,010
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	28,560	13,975	14,585
All occupations¹⁹¹	275	135	140	230	120	105	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	930,570	484,150	446,425
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370	14,540	10,000	4,545
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	35	25	10	45	10	35	778,905	256,150	522,760	180,355	69,570	110,785
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	10	10	30	30	0	360,495	272,510	87,985	101,555	76,005	25,555
3 Health occupations	40	0	35	30	10	15	359,665	70,075	289,590	75,605	18,730	56,870
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	30	10	15	15	0	15	558,725	166,020	392,700	124,755	41,025	83,730
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	30	25	0	146,560	72,400	74,165	56,870	29,555	27,310
6 Sales and service occupations	110	50	60	60	20	35	1,064,155	499,825	564,335	234,485	120,480	114,005
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	25	25	0	15	15	0	702,290	645,355	56,935	98,535	89,140	9,395
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735	5,025	3,855	1,170
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	10	0	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335	38,850	25,795	13,060
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	275	135	140	230	120	110	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870	959,130	498,125	461,010
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,550	43,585	46,970	28,560	13,975	14,585
All industries¹⁹¹	275	135	140	230	120	105	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905	930,570	484,150	446,425
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990	2,920	1,730	1,185
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695	1,195	805	390
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330	5,150	3,245	1,905
23 Construction	10	10	0	0	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240	33,445	28,300	5,150
31-33 Manufacturing	30	20	0	10	0	0	449,115	320,715	128,405	76,115	51,395	24,725
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670	33,845	20,380	13,470
44-45 Retail trade	45	15	30	30	20	10	514,090	248,905	265,185	98,705	49,745	48,960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	15	15	0	10	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330	49,075	38,320	10,755
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	20	10	10	94,130	57,495	36,630	40,020	24,295	15,730
52 Finance and insurance	15	0	15	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960	47,065	23,830	23,235
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	10	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575	16,780	9,730	7,045
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	0	0	40	20	25	345,345	193,365	151,985	113,755	65,950	47,800
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935	1,720	850	875
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	25	15	10	0	0	0	171,345	104,695	66,645	45,325	27,460	17,860
61 Educational services	10	0	10	30	15	15	340,885	104,300	236,590	84,380	31,030	53,350
62 Health care and social assistance	50	10	35	30	10	15	617,200	122,675	494,525	128,175	32,195	95,980
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	10	0	0	72,700	38,810	33,890	20,970	10,860	10,105
72 Accommodation and food services	15	0	10	15	0	10	232,480	109,950	122,530	53,745	29,185	24,555
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	10	0	10	190,470	89,730	100,735	39,595	16,105	23,490
91 Public administration	20	15	10	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055	38,595	18,740	19,850
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	135	165	245	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
English	40	15	20	45	20	20	350,525	195,385	155,145	161,015	89,010	72,005
French	115	45	70	90	60	30	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555	399,340	197,680	201,660
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670	7,340	3,600	3,735
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690	7,330	3,600	3,725
English and French	115	75	45	110	40	75	1,245,535	671,300	574,230	405,305	214,915	190,385
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980	10,790	6,090	4,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645	7,145	3,405	3,745
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	0	30	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265	25,465	12,730	12,735
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	435	290	420	260	160
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	135	165	245	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
Single responses	260	120	140	235	115	120	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790	908,980	471,095	437,880
Official languages	260	120	140	235	115	120	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665	895,835	464,520	431,315
English	90	45	40	80	35	50	668,485	365,785	302,695	286,010	155,790	130,215
French	170	65	105	155	80	70	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965	609,825	308,725	301,095
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125	13,145	6,580	6,565
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080	20	0	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050	13,120	6,580	6,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075	1,295	720	575
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	20	15	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	20	15	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060	1,275	710	570
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945	1,190	670	520
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	70	95	70	30	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	720	920	1,220	535	685
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	175	70	100
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	585	745	1,045	460	585
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	120	60	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	90	50	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	175	210	95	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	175	210	95	110
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	95	80	25	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	65	85	75	25	45
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735	6,260	3,210	3,055
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	200	115	80	60	25
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	550	180	370
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,025	395	625	550	180	370
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	30	15	0	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	45	90	90	30	65
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	280	450	385	130	250
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	35	35	10	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,420	725	695	825	405	425
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	680	665	790	385	405
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	175	125	95	65	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	485	520	695	325	375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	10	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	25	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	180	240	175	55	120
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135	1,695	935	755
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885	1,405	760	650
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	70	85	25	55
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	20	0	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	120	55	60
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	855	625	1,080	615	465
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	80	85	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	345	255	285	175	110
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	320	250	255	150	105
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	115	75	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	200	165	225	130	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0	10	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890	2,925	1,575	1,355
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	310	160	150
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	185	300	245	90	155
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	80	50	30
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275	2,290	1,265	1,025
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	40	185	125	25	105
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	165	215	240	100	145
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	45	25	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	125	195	85	30	55
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	100	170	60	20	40
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	3,325	1,700	1,635
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210	3,325	1,700	1,635
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095	2,100	1,110	995
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	60	25	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060	1,140	550	590
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	85	45	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	80	50	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	15	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	20	25	15	0	0	269,365	142,370	126,995	107,830	56,590	51,240
English and French	40	20	20	15	0	0	249,945	132,640	117,300	99,075	52,050	47,030
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355	3,105	1,760	1,350
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335	2,345	1,085	1,255
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950	3,255	1,680	1,575
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	45	10	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	135	165	245	125	125	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
None	190	80	115	140	90	50	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585	667,690	342,985	324,705
English	25	20	10	60	20	40	720,960	391,075	329,885	201,200	106,725	94,480
French	50	35	20	40	10	25	302,145	161,340	140,805	115,950	61,585	54,365
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745	14,925	7,790	7,135
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675	65	20	45
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065	14,860	7,770	7,095
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250	1,155	540	610
English and non-official language(s)	30	0	25	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060	8,605	4,110	4,490
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970	5,480	2,970	2,510
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	160	125	165	85	80
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365	1,645	895	745
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	270	130	140	215	105	110	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095	859,920	445,255	414,665
Worked at home	30	10	20	100	45	55	897,770	435,285	462,480	260,415	132,065	128,355
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380	2,775	1,725	1,045
No fixed workplace address	35	20	15	20	0	20	442,035	333,730	108,305	81,290	57,160	24,130
Usual place of work	200	95	105	95	60	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	515,440	254,310	261,130
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	205	95	105	95	60	40	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930	515,440	254,310	261,135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	165	65	100	80	50	30	1,475,055	685,340	789,710	413,515	195,935	217,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	15	0	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875	46,495	24,705	21,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	15	10	0	10	0	0	823,150	442,385	380,765	53,810	32,610	21,200
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575	1,620	1,060	565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	240	115	120	115	65	55	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	596,730	311,465	285,265
Car, truck or van	175	80	95	60	40	20	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535	338,295	197,990	140,305
Car, truck or van - as a driver	165	80	80	55	40	20	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495	313,045	188,685	124,360
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	0	15	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040	25,245	9,300	15,940
Public transit	55	25	30	30	10	20	287,345	120,460	166,885	169,380	71,050	98,330
Walked	0	0	0	20	10	10	178,645	78,570	100,075	57,390	24,650	32,735
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835	20,425	11,990	8,430
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895	11,255	5,785	5,470
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	240	115	120	115	65	55	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	596,730	311,465	285,265
Less than 15 minutes	60	30	25	30	30	0	1,005,850	482,465	523,385	106,580	52,520	54,070
15 to 29 minutes	55	25	30	50	20	30	1,110,975	578,835	532,140	211,950	113,835	98,115
30 to 44 minutes	50	20	35	25	10	15	635,870	363,430	272,445	161,385	87,950	73,435
45 to 59 minutes	30	10	20	10	0	10	235,140	133,720	101,425	62,880	30,620	32,255
60 minutes and over	45	35	15	0	0	0	206,480	126,635	79,840	53,935	26,540	27,400
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	240	115	120	115	65	55	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235	596,730	311,465	285,265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	20	10	0	0	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155	35,870	26,330	9,540
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	10	0	0	0	569,745	368,480	201,265	86,515	50,895	35,625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	35	25	40	10	30	935,640	441,465	494,170	147,765	69,890	77,880
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	55	20	35	20	15	0	626,895	259,220	367,675	130,185	59,500	70,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	15	25	30	15	15	330,930	142,495	188,435	93,190	44,255	48,935
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	25	15	20	10	10	489,685	284,160	205,530	103,205	60,595	42,610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	125	80	45	40	15	30	1,677,585	859,745	817,835	321,810	164,440	157,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	15	15	5	5	303,835	156,030	147,805	80,715	41,690	39,030
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	100	65	40	30	10	15	1,373,745	703,720	670,030	241,095	122,750	118,345
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	95	65	35	30	10	15	1,222,970	626,390	596,585	226,825	115,930	110,890
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	10	10	5	5	230,080	118,075	112,005	60,615	31,295	29,320
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	10	5	5	0	5	175,305	90,000	85,305	48,760	25,220	23,545
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	5	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700	11,855	6,080	5,775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	50	25	20	10	10	992,895	508,315	484,580	166,210	84,635	81,575

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 9, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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