Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	683	...	...	436	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	1,342,153	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	1,278,365	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	400	...	...	146	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	571,528	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	376	...	...	144	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	518,054	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13,938.8	...	...	2,984.3	...	...	4.2	...	...	2.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.05	...	...	0.15	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	540,310.19	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	685	350	330	435	230	210	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	1,342,150	666,490	675,660
0 to 14 years	95	50	50	55	35	20	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	252,935	129,850	123,085
0 to 4 years	30	15	15	10	5	5	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	80,435	41,145	39,290
5 to 9 years	35	15	15	20	15	5	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	86,250	44,515	41,735
10 to 14 years	35	20	15	25	15	10	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	86,250	44,190	42,060
15 to 64 years	505	265	245	280	140	140	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	860,165	432,385	427,780
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	35	15	15	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	80,905	41,945	38,965
20 to 24 years	45	25	20	35	10	20	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	91,415	48,255	43,160
25 to 29 years	85	50	30	25	15	10	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	90,470	46,240	44,230
30 to 34 years	55	25	30	20	10	5	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	91,805	45,805	46,000
35 to 39 years	45	20	20	25	15	10	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	90,150	44,695	45,450
40 to 44 years	85	50	35	20	10	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	84,530	41,690	42,840
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	25	10	10	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	80,235	39,915	40,320
50 to 54 years	45	30	20	30	15	15	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	78,210	38,715	39,490
55 to 59 years	45	20	30	40	20	20	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	87,295	43,040	44,255
60 to 64 years	40	20	20	35	15	25	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	85,155	42,080	43,075
65 years and over	80	40	40	105	55	50	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	229,050	104,255	124,795
65 to 69 years	35	15	15	35	20	20	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	73,060	35,565	37,495
70 to 74 years	20	15	10	30	15	15	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	59,955	28,295	31,665
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	15	10	5	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	39,885	18,500	21,385
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	10	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	26,890	11,700	15,185
85 years and over	15	5	10	10	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	29,255	10,190	19,065
85 to 89 years	10	0	5	10	0	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	17,200	6,610	10,585
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	8,970	2,845	6,125
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	2,640	650	1,995
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	445	85	360
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.3	15.2	12.6	15.2	9.5	16.3	16.9	15.6	18.8	19.5	18.2
15 to 64 years	73.7	75.7	74.2	64.4	60.9	66.7	64.8	65.4	64.2	64.1	64.9	63.3
65 years and over	11.7	11.4	12.1	24.1	23.9	23.8	19.0	17.7	20.2	17.1	15.6	18.5
85 years and over	2.2	1.4	3.0	2.3	0.0	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.2	1.5	2.8
Average age of the population	39.4	38.7	40.2	44.7	43.2	46.2	41.9	41.0	42.8	39.7	38.7	40.7
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	46.4	44.4	50.0	41.6	40.4	42.8	38.4	37.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	380	...	...	140	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	135	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	343,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	746,560	...	...	18,185	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	10	...	...	980,110	...	...	19,725	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	0	...	...	821,490	...	...	7,445	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	335	...	...	0	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	74,865	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	43,665	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	600	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	9,590	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
1 person	200	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	146,225	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	50	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	173,990	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	25	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	74,615	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	69,480	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	25	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	53,740	...	...
Number of persons in private households	685	355	330	435	230	205	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	1,307,185	650,220	656,965
Average household size	1.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	1,089,215	536,645	552,575
Married or living common-law	240	120	120	235	120	115	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	616,260	307,545	308,715
Married	95	50	50	200	100	100	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	515,480	257,300	258,185
Living common-law	145	75	70	35	20	20	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	100,785	50,250	50,535
Living common law - Never married	130	65	60	25	10	10	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	75,340	37,700	37,640
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	4,135	2,140	1,995
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	5	10	5	5	721,715	365,760	355,950	19,035	9,465	9,565
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	2,275	940	1,330
Not married and not living common-law	345	185	160	150	75	75	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	472,955	229,095	243,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	285	160	120	110	65	45	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	330,855	181,470	149,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	0	5	5	5	741,135	319,045	422,090	24,470	10,900	13,565
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	15	25	15	5	10	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	57,440	23,780	33,665
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	15	5	10	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	60,190	12,945	47,250
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	130	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	359,585	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	60	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	179,345	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	25	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	73,610	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	25	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	67,475	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	855,960	...	...	39,150	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	135	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	359,585	...	...
Total couple families	120	...	...	115	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	298,295	...	...
Married couples	45	...	...	100	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	247,900	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	60	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	133,760	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	40	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	114,140	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...	20	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	50,390	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	20,505	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	29,885	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	15	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	61,295	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	10	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	46,900	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	14,390	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	685	355	330	435	230	205	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	1,307,185	650,215	656,965
Total - Persons in census families	410	200	210	405	215	195	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	1,067,425	530,695	536,730
Married spouses or common-law partners	235	125	115	230	120	115	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	596,590	297,940	298,645
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	15	5	10	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	61,290	14,395	46,900
Children⁶	145	70	70	160	95	65	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	409,545	218,365	191,185
In a two-parent family	95	50	45	145	80	60	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	306,475	162,400	144,075
In a one-parent family	45	20	25	20	10	5	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	103,070	55,965	47,110
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	270	150	120	30	10	15	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	239,765	119,525	120,240
Living alone	205	105	95	15	5	10	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	146,225	68,910	77,315
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	5	5	5	927,345	393,085	534,260	42,720	20,255	22,460
Living with non-relatives only	55	40	15	10	5	0	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	50,815	30,360	20,455
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	518,050	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	115	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	313,500	...	...
Couple-family households	110	...	...	100	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	268,430	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	60	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	137,200	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	45	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	131,230	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	10	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	45,070	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	441,745	...	...	14,025	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	2,815	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...	17,525	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	0	...	...	663,835	...	...	23,950	...	...
One-person households	205	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	146,225	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	585	300	280	385	195	190	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	1,058,435	522,575	535,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	295	275	355	185	175	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	1,023,160	504,825	518,335
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	35,600	40,800	38,800	38,400	38,800	41,200	46,400	36,800	39,200	44,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	295	275	355	185	175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	1,023,830	505,175	518,655
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	32,400	36,800	34,000	34,000	34,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	35,200	38,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	265	250	300	155	145	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	906,495	455,895	450,600
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	28,400	34,400	36,400	39,200	34,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	34,000	40,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	235	220	250	135	120	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	743,325	387,385	355,940
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	28,400	35,200	40,000	42,000	37,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	35,600	41,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	490	245	245	295	150	145	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	934,305	455,520	478,785
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,100	10,300	11,800	11,900	11,500	9,800	8,500	11,000	7,950	5,120	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	35	40	35	20	10	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	113,175	54,570	58,610
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,000	5,360	5,240	x	x	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,440	5,480	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	200	115	85	115	70	50	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	254,050	120,985	133,060
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	10,000	8,500	7,000	7,250	6,240	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	570	315	255	370	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	1,058,410	522,505	535,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565	310	255	350	185	165	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	1,024,110	505,340	518,765
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	46,800	52,000	47,800	47,600	48,000	54,450	62,650	46,560	49,240	55,950	42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565	310	255	350	185	165	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	1,024,740	505,665	519,075
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	39,200	44,000	39,600	38,400	41,200	44,920	50,320	39,680	40,640	45,080	36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	505	280	225	285	140	145	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	907,455	456,870	450,590
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	41,600	46,000	45,200	51,000	40,000	50,240	59,500	41,000	45,240	53,300	37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	245	200	245	125	120	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	743,345	387,980	355,360
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	42,400	45,200	43,600	49,000	38,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	45,400	52,100	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	240	210	305	155	145	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	935,570	456,400	479,175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,280	12,100	12,500	13,000	11,400	14,600	11,170	10,180	12,060	10,040	8,600	11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	40	30	45	20	20	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	112,945	54,695	58,245
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,800	11,000	9,200	7,600	11,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	6,470	6,300	6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135	75	55	115	60	55	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	252,860	120,805	132,055
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,600	9,600	8,800	8,000	10,000	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,710	8,570	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	565	310	255	365	190	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	1,058,410	522,505	535,910
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200	110	90	110	55	45	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	366,740	211,220	155,520
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	56,000	66,000	61,200	70,500	49,200	63,600	69,000	58,000	56,800	61,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	62,000	70,000	64,000	68,000	60,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	66,900	72,700	59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	205	110	95	105	45	60	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	285,105	131,295	153,805
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	13,600	22,800	14,900	12,000	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600	17,800	19,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	32,000	27,200	23,600	26,000	22,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	26,440	30,120	23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	80.0	80.0	76.0	80.0	72.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	81.4	86.2	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	73.0	69.0	63.0	68.0	56.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	66.8	71.6	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	20.0	20.0	23.6	20.0	27.0	17.8	13.7	23.1	18.6	13.9	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.4	1.8	3.2	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.8	4.8	6.9	6.2	7.8	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.5	4.4	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	5.2	4.0	6.2	5.6	6.8	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.4	3.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	1,058,435	522,575	535,860
Without total income	10	5	5	25	10	15	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	35,275	17,750	17,525
With total income	575	300	280	355	180	175	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	1,023,160	504,830	518,335
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	25	10	15	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	101,540	48,555	52,980
$10,000 to $19,999	75	40	35	55	30	30	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	118,240	49,740	68,505
$20,000 to $29,999	110	60	45	65	35	25	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	161,905	68,870	93,030
$30,000 to $39,999	85	45	40	40	15	20	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	138,225	60,295	77,930
$40,000 to $49,999	75	35	35	30	15	20	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	124,755	58,530	66,225
$50,000 to $59,999	75	40	35	35	20	20	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	97,815	49,730	48,085
$60,000 to $69,999	50	25	25	25	10	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	72,980	40,630	32,350
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	20	10	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	53,950	31,710	22,240
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	15	10	10	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	41,095	24,190	16,905
$90,000 to $99,999	20	0	15	10	5	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	32,150	18,190	13,960
$100,000 and over	35	20	15	30	20	10	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	80,510	54,380	26,125
$100,000 to $149,999	25	10	10	30	20	10	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	57,310	37,335	19,975
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	5	5	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	23,195	17,045	6,155
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	1,058,435	522,575	535,860
Without after-tax income	10	5	5	25	10	15	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	34,600	17,400	17,200
With after-tax income	575	300	280	355	180	175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	1,023,835	505,175	518,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	25	10	10	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	106,400	50,060	56,340
$10,000 to $19,999	80	45	40	60	30	30	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	127,940	54,315	73,625
$20,000 to $29,999	115	70	50	60	35	30	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	191,015	82,035	108,985
$30,000 to $39,999	105	55	50	50	20	30	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	168,620	77,035	91,585
$40,000 to $49,999	95	45	50	50	25	20	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	139,790	70,125	69,665
$50,000 to $59,999	60	35	30	35	15	20	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	99,005	54,905	44,095
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	25	15	10	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	66,805	38,905	27,900
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	20	10	10	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	47,350	26,925	20,425
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	5	5	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	27,130	16,415	10,715
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	10	0	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	16,220	10,545	5,680
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	10	5	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	33,560	23,920	9,645
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	17,675	12,295	5,375
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	15,885	11,620	4,265
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	1,058,435	522,575	535,860
Without employment income	130	70	60	130	60	70	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	315,110	135,195	179,915
With employment income	455	235	220	255	135	120	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	743,325	387,385	355,940
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	30	30	40	25	15	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	96,985	46,125	50,855
$5,000 to $9,999	55	30	25	15	10	10	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	59,860	26,670	33,195
$10,000 to $19,999	45	30	20	35	15	15	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	92,505	42,200	50,305
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	20	15	10	5	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	78,855	35,960	42,900
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	30	25	10	20	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	77,580	37,430	40,150
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	25	25	15	10	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	73,795	37,315	36,480
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	15	10	10	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	59,960	33,210	26,745
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	20	10	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	48,125	28,725	19,405
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	15	5	10	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	37,685	23,180	14,505
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	15	10	10	929,490	539,395	390,095	31,730	18,800	12,930
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	5	5	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	25,570	14,610	10,955
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	25	20	10	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	60,675	43,165	17,505
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	15	15	5	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	31,425	21,060	10,365
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	10	5	5	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	29,245	22,105	7,140
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	585	300	280	385	195	190	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	1,058,435	522,575	535,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	570	295	275	350	175	175	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	989,280	486,735	502,540
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	32,800	33,600	37,200	39,200	35,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	37,600	43,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	570	295	275	350	175	175	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	989,625	486,785	502,840
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	29,800	30,400	33,200	34,800	30,200	35,200	40,000	31,200	33,200	37,600	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	505	260	245	305	160	150	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	891,950	447,480	444,475
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	29,800	30,400	35,200	36,400	34,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	34,800	41,600	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	235	220	260	140	120	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	744,025	385,850	358,175
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	30,400	32,400	41,200	40,800	41,200	38,000	44,400	32,800	36,000	41,600	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	220	230	255	120	135	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	859,170	419,045	440,125
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,880	2,840	5,920	7,750	3,960	8,900	4,240	1,960	6,450	2,840	1,210	5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	25	25	20	10	10	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	81,860	39,590	42,270
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	3,080	4,640	4,720	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,920	6,200	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	570	315	255	370	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	1,058,410	522,505	535,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	560	305	255	350	180	165	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	989,725	487,255	502,470
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	44,000	44,000	45,000	47,200	42,800	52,350	61,250	43,800	47,200	54,300	40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	560	305	255	350	180	165	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	990,055	487,280	502,775
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,600	36,800	36,400	37,400	38,400	36,400	42,920	49,000	37,160	38,720	43,520	34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	490	275	215	315	160	145	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	892,090	447,960	444,130
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	42,400	43,200	41,600	46,000	37,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	45,480	53,650	37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	435	250	185	255	135	125	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	743,680	386,010	357,670
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	42,000	43,600	42,000	47,000	36,500	50,560	58,800	41,800	45,360	52,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	430	230	205	250	125	125	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	859,470	419,750	439,720
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	7,550	9,400	11,100	9,200	13,000	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,150	5,825	8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	15	35	0	20	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	82,490	40,260	42,230
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	...	10,000	13,000	...	16,000	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,410	7,120	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	565	310	255	365	190	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	1,058,410	522,505	535,910
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	185	100	85	115	60	45	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	363,910	209,470	154,440
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	55,600	61,200	53,200	66,500	42,800	60,000	66,000	53,600	53,600	58,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600	63,000	64,000	55,000	60,000	48,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	63,150	69,000	55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	110	75	105	50	60	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	266,100	121,985	144,115
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	21,800	21,600	26,000	27,600	26,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	22,800	25,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	30,800	29,000	32,000	36,000	28,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	31,560	36,240	27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.0	82.0	82.0	86.0	76.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	86.8	90.8	81.8
Employment income (%)	74.5	77.0	71.0	69.0	74.0	62.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	72.2	76.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	14.8	12.8	17.2	18.0	13.2	23.0	12.3	8.9	16.9	13.2	9.2	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	x	2.0	2.8	x	5.0	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	111,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	91,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	205	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	146,225	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	x	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	x	...	...	37,200	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	175	...	...	130	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	371,825	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	116,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	96,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	205	...	...	0	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	146,310	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	...	...	...	53,350	...	...	50,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	x	...	...	44,360	...	...	41,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	140	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	371,745	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	6,290	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	4,145	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	7,680	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	7,990	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	637,695	...	...	20,100	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	505,875	...	...	18,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	488,735	...	...	17,510	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	560,950	...	...	19,860	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	572,650	...	...	21,215	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	559,155	...	...	20,700	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	5	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	40,360	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	38,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	986,460	...	...	36,685	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	33,840	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	31,625	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	80	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	192,235	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	62,870	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	43,940	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	49,315	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	15	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	36,110	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	7,035	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	4,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	7,915	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	8,810	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	681,900	...	...	22,210	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	589,110	...	...	22,280	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	582,275	...	...	21,475	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	666,675	...	...	24,610	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	676,995	...	...	25,320	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	655,100	...	...	24,380	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	48,190	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	45,970	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	43,145	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	38,145	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	911,515	...	...	32,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	60	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	141,500	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	59,905	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	36,195	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	20	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	45,400	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	155	...	...	130	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	356,215	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	40	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	133,590	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	70	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	155,030	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	10	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	54,645	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	255	145	110	25	15	10	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	197,045	99,270	97,775
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,000	34,400	49,600	x	x	38,400	40,000	36,800	37,200	38,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	31,000	30,600	42,000	x	x	34,800	36,000	33,600	33,600	34,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	135	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	356,080	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	116,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	95,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	45	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	133,300	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	75	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	155,485	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	115,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	54,305	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,800	...	...	65,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	255	150	110	35	0	15	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	197,160	98,645	98,515
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	42,000	45,000	52,000	x	60,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	45,880	47,720	44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	36,000	38,500	44,000	x	50,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	38,400	39,320	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	685	355	330	435	225	210	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	1,307,190	650,220	656,970
0 to 17 years	110	60	50	70	40	30	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	296,575	152,305	144,275
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	15	5	5	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	95,900	49,120	46,785
18 to 64 years	495	255	235	260	135	125	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	796,825	398,530	398,300
65 years and over	80	40	40	100	55	50	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	213,785	99,390	114,395
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	125	70	55	15	15	5	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	185,145	87,815	97,330
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	854,565	439,490	415,075	57,935	29,540	28,395
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	21,125	10,715	10,410
18 to 64 years	95	50	45	10	5	0	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	96,515	46,350	50,165
65 years and over	20	10	5	10	5	5	985,745	391,695	594,050	30,695	11,925	18,770
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.4	19.0	17.5	4.0	5.0	3.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	14.2	13.5	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	10.0	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	19.5	19.4	19.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	22.0	21.8	22.3
18 to 64 years (%)	19.2	19.5	19.0	2.5	4.0	x	9.7	9.4	9.9	12.1	11.6	12.6
65 years and over (%)	24.0	28.0	20.0	10.0	12.0	8.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	14.4	12.0	16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	685	355	330	440	230	205	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	1,244,390	618,665	625,725
0 to 17 years	110	55	55	75	45	35	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	270,600	139,000	131,595
0 to 5 years	35	20	20	10	5	5	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	87,120	44,525	42,595
18 to 64 years	495	255	240	260	130	125	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	763,600	382,005	381,590
65 years and over	80	40	40	100	50	50	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	210,200	97,660	112,535
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	90	60	30	10	5	0	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	78,315	40,395	37,915
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	18,130	9,425	8,700
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	6,445	3,290	3,155
18 to 64 years	75	50	25	5	5	0	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	53,920	28,310	25,615
65 years and over	10	5	0	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	6,265	2,665	3,600
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.4	16.5	10.0	1.2	2.0	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	6.3	6.5	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	6.7	6.8	6.6
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	7.4	7.4	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	19.0	12.0	x	x	x	6.0	6.4	5.7	7.1	7.4	6.7
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	10.0	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.0	2.7	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	685	350	330	435	230	210	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	1,307,190	650,220	656,965
In bottom half of the distribution	480	255	225	200	105	95	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	752,545	367,895	384,650
In bottom decile	110	65	45	15	10	5	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	163,795	80,430	83,370
In second decile	115	55	60	30	10	20	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	157,385	74,055	83,325
In third decile	75	40	40	35	25	15	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	150,155	73,485	76,675
In fourth decile	90	50	40	45	20	25	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	143,855	71,230	72,620
In fifth decile	85	45	40	65	35	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	137,355	68,700	68,655
In top half of the distribution	200	95	105	235	120	115	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	554,645	282,320	272,320
In sixth decile	55	20	35	40	20	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	132,600	67,115	65,490
In seventh decile	20	10	10	70	35	35	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	125,730	63,715	62,015
In eighth decile	60	30	30	70	35	35	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	117,230	59,570	57,660
In ninth decile	35	20	20	50	25	30	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	101,140	51,785	49,355
In top decile	35	15	20	10	5	10	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	77,940	40,145	37,800
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	680	...	...	440	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	1,307,185	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...	0.235	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.333	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.356	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.207	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	1,326,815	658,740	668,075
English only	15	10	10	105	50	55	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	1,197,535	599,870	597,665
French only	250	130	120	35	20	15	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	1,680	805	875
English and French	415	215	195	290	155	135	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	110,435	50,380	60,055
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	5	689,725	284,170	405,555	17,160	7,680	9,480
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	1,326,815	658,740	668,075
English	50	30	25	245	125	120	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	1,269,710	631,880	637,825
French	605	320	295	130	70	60	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	36,195	17,375	18,815
English and French	20	5	10	55	35	30	476,175	237,635	238,535	4,365	2,115	2,245
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	5	673,100	275,685	397,420	16,555	7,360	9,195
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	1,326,815	658,740	668,075
Single responses	655	340	315	400	210	195	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	1,268,595	630,270	638,325
Official languages	550	285	265	230	120	110	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	971,850	485,625	486,225
English	30	15	15	140	70	70	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	935,110	468,050	467,065
French	520	270	250	90	50	45	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	36,740	17,575	19,160
Non-official languages	105	55	50	175	90	80	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	296,745	144,650	152,100
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	18,885	8,910	9,975
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	17,565	8,305	9,265
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	8,510	4,000	4,515
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	8,510	4,000	4,515
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	40	15	25
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	1,280	530	750
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	95	40	50
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	100	25	70
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	6,995	3,385	3,615
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	5	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	9,045	4,305	4,745
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	5,020	2,485	2,535
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	4,020	1,815	2,205
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	115	65	55
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	1,000	445	555
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	2,905	1,310	1,595
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	700	340	355
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	695	340	355
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	690	340	350
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	5	0	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	5	5	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	145	50	95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	145	50	95
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	95	50	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	370	165	205
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	360	160	205
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	105	55	50	175	90	80	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	277,865	135,735	142,125
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	30	20	10	698,355	359,625	338,730	14,095	7,350	6,740
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	90	50	40
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	70	40	30
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	10	10	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170	10	5	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	80	55	25
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	70	50	15
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335	10	5	5
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	90	45	50
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	1,885	940	950
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	275	155	125
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	330	180	150
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	1,265	590	675
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350	15	10	5
Semitic languages	15	10	5	25	20	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	11,945	6,265	5,685
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	2,000	955	1,045
Arabic	15	10	5	25	15	10	508,410	265,350	243,060	6,470	3,505	2,965
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	5	5	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	540	300	240
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	20	15	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	2,875	1,480	1,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	4,980	2,360	2,620
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	255	125	130
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	4,710	2,230	2,480
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	20	10	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	565,375	238,875	326,500	56,125	26,115	30,010
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	170	90	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	565	250	315
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	1,150	545	600
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	45	25	20
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	460	200	265
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	1,515	695	820
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	150	55	90
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	40	15	20
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	10	5	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425	5	0	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	10	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	1,000	490	510
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	190	90	100
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	5	10	461,150	194,805	266,345	50,540	23,510	27,025
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	95	45	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	175	80	95
Creole languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	78,235	35,650	42,580	540	250	290
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5	52,435	23,355	29,085	70	35	35
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290	25	10	10
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435	155	65	85
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	110	60	55
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	30	10	15
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5	15,550	7,325	8,230	105	50	60
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	45	15	35
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	244,165	125,180	118,990	2,295	1,275	1,015
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	110	60	50
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	1,330	750	580
Tamil	5	5	0	10	5	5	152,850	75,010	77,845	530	275	255
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	300	175	125
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195	10	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	10	5	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20	95	50	40	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	166,785	82,415	84,370
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	330	170	160
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	60	30	30
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	15	5	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	28,660	13,235	15,420
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	130	55	70
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	55	25	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	70	35	40
Slavic languages	15	5	5	15	5	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	28,530	13,180	15,350
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395	50	20	35
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	150	85	75
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	500	245	255
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	135	65	65
Polish	5	5	0	10	5	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	5,300	2,380	2,915
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	9,095	4,440	4,655
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	10	0	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	2,265	1,090	1,175
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	620	305	315
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	915	425	490
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	690	345	345
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	40	15	25
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	335	140	195
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	215	85	125
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	10,465	4,620	5,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205	15	10	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	285	140	150
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	195	90	110
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	20	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420	60	35	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	10	10	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	60,445	28,835	31,610
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	40	20	25
High German languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	40,700	19,220	21,480
German	0	0	0	5	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	40,280	18,990	21,285
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	45	30	20
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	200	105	90
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	175	95	90
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	18,230	8,880	9,350
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	525	260	260
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	2,060	1,025	1,035
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	2,845	1,355	1,490
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	350	175	170
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	12,245	5,970	6,275
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	215	90	125
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	700	345	350
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	200	110	90
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480	265	120	145
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	105	50	55
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	125	70	55
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	775	370	400
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5	93,335	45,860	47,470	1,185	590	595
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	53,135	28,230	24,905
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	30	20	15	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	49,815	26,535	23,280
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	5	0	5
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	2,130	1,310	820
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	5,245	2,830	2,415
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	3,390	1,805	1,590
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	20	5	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350	10	10	5
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	35	15	15
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	170	90	80
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	730	370	355
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	15	10	5
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	10	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320	5	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	5	5	666,585	341,515	325,065	33,315	17,605	15,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	35	15	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	55	35	25
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	5	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	815	395	425
Urdu	0	0	0	5	0	5	235,290	118,540	116,755	3,805	2,015	1,785
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	45	30	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	3,310	1,685	1,625
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	10	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	880	445	440
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	270	135	140
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	2,135	1,095	1,040
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	585	285	300
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	5	5	179,425	89,070	90,360	1,360	710	650
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	195	100	95
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	10	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	25	15	10	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	22,675	11,185	11,490
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440	10	5	5
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	3,185	1,535	1,650
Portuguese	10	0	5	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	7,390	3,620	3,770
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5	93,160	44,185	48,975	545	265	280
Spanish	25	15	10	5	5	5	538,870	259,500	279,375	11,520	5,755	5,770
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	30	5	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	510	175	335
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	3,475	1,640	1,840
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	20	5	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	0	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	5,020	2,500	2,525
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	205	115	90
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	50	25	25
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	60	35	30
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	35	20	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	70	40	30
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415	20	10	15
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	60	25	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	30	15	15
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	455	245	210
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	270	130	140
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	70	35	40
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275	20	5	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325	35	20	15
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	185	90	95
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	140	55	85
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190	5	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320	10	5	5
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	1,010	480	530
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	90	45	40
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	1,675	845	830
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	500	250	250
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	405	220	185
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	175	100	70
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	25	15	15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	180	95	85
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270	30	15	15
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	380	200	180
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	350	185	170
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	25	20	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	20,525	9,945	10,585
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	19,940	9,640	10,300
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	55	25	35
Mandarin	10	0	5	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	12,455	6,115	6,340
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	5	5	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	280	120	150
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	85	40	45
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	6,795	3,195	3,595
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	260	135	125
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	565	290	275
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	70	40	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	45	20	20
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	430	225	210
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	390	200	185
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	45	25	20
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	10	0	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440	15	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	1,020	460	560
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	755	370	385
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	260	85	175
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240	5	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	435	245	190
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	45	30	15
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305	15	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	295	165	130
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	10	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	35	20	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	40	20	20
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	1,175	540	635
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	25	10	15
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	195	85	110
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	960	440	515
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	75	40	30
Multiple responses	30	20	15	35	15	15	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	58,220	28,465	29,750
English and French	10	10	5	10	10	0	291,325	142,420	148,905	7,915	3,855	4,065
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	5	921,480	450,685	470,800	44,745	21,925	22,820
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	5	0	5	117,910	57,875	60,040	970	495	480
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	52,880	25,900	26,975	730	330	400
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	3,855	1,870	1,985
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	1,326,815	658,740	668,075
English	20	10	5	130	75	60	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	989,765	494,540	495,225
French	500	260	240	80	40	40	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	9,840	4,640	5,205
Non-official language	15	5	10	45	20	25	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	82,575	40,585	41,990
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	2,910	1,475	1,435
Non-Indigenous	15	5	10	45	20	25	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	79,660	39,115	40,550
English and French	55	35	25	45	25	20	953,760	465,560	488,205	21,790	9,995	11,795
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	70	35	40	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	208,480	102,105	106,375
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	10	10	5	395,320	188,195	207,125	860	410	450
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	50	30	20	455,760	217,995	237,770	5,270	2,450	2,815
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	8,240	4,020	4,225
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	1,326,815	658,740	668,075
Single responses	630	325	305	385	195	185	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	1,272,180	632,135	640,050
Official languages	600	315	285	295	155	145	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	1,099,615	546,590	553,025
English	35	20	20	195	100	90	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	1,084,900	539,735	545,160
French	560	295	265	105	50	50	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	14,715	6,860	7,860
Non-official languages	30	10	20	85	45	45	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	172,570	85,540	87,025
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	7,625	3,850	3,770
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	7,015	3,525	3,485
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	3,385	1,715	1,675
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	3,385	1,715	1,675
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	10	5	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	280	125	160
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	20	10	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	20	10	15
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	3,050	1,565	1,485
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	3,625	1,815	1,810
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	2,550	1,305	1,245
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	1,075	510	570
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	25	15	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	240	115	125
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	815	385	430
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	465	250	210
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	465	250	210
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	460	250	210
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	30	10	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	30	10	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	20	15	5
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	90	45	40
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	90	45	40
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	10	20	85	45	45	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	164,945	81,695	83,255
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	395,840	197,010	198,830	9,250	4,680	4,570
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	60	30	30
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	45	25	25
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380	10	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410	10	5	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305	10	5	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	45	20	25
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	1,260	595	660
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	225	125	100
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	155	80	75
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	875	390	485
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	7,875	4,025	3,845
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	1,135	535	600
Arabic	0	0	0	5	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	4,335	2,245	2,090
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	5	5	5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	5	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	5	5	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	375	205	170
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	2,005	1,030	975
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115	10	5	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	3,565	1,715	1,850
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	115	55	60
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	3,435	1,650	1,780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	20	10	5
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	0	10	326,245	149,550	176,700	36,445	17,565	18,880
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395	65	30	30
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	300	150	150
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	655	340	315
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	20	10	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	240	115	130
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	720	345	370
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	60	25	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170	15	5	5
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	625	315	310
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375	75	35	40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	33,565	16,130	17,435
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360	30	20	15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	80	40	45
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	270	110	165
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	50	15	30
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	70	25	45
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	65	35	30
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160	20	10	10
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	40	15	25
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	395	475	20	5	15
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	169,705	85,265	84,440	1,480	800	680
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	45	25	20
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	900	500	400
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5	112,335	54,240	58,095	330	170	160
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	190	105	90
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	10	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	5	5	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	60	30	25	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	91,465	45,820	45,640
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	175	90	80
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	30	15	20
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	303,480	143,495	159,985	11,345	5,540	5,805
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	15	10	10
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485	5	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	10	5	5
Slavic languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	300,985	142,375	158,610	11,325	5,535	5,795
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	5	0	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	70	40	35
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	110	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	85	45	40
Polish	0	5	0	5	0	5	65,140	30,225	34,915	1,775	800	975
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	5,895	2,950	2,940
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	955	450	510
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	295	145	155
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	295	130	160
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	355	170	185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	10	5	5
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	50	25	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	25	10	15
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	2,350	1,155	1,195
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	215	100	115
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	195	95	100
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	5	0	5
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	15	5	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	24,050	11,300	12,750
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155	5	5	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	18,665	8,700	9,970
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	18,585	8,650	9,935
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	15	5	5
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	60	35	30
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	5	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	4,670	2,275	2,395
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	260	125	130
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	210	100	110
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	1,115	540	575
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	75	40	35
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	3,005	1,470	1,535
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	60	25	35
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340	15	5	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95	25	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	15	5	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390	640	300	340
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	475	225	255
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	43,605	22,965	20,635
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	962,820	490,815	472,000	41,260	21,815	19,450
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	1,340	765	570
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	4,205	2,210	1,995
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	2,375	1,230	1,145
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470	10	10	5
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	85	40	45
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	530	265	270
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	29,395	15,580	13,815
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	25	15	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	35	20	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	510	250	260
Urdu	0	0	0	5	5	5	158,040	78,420	79,615	2,705	1,400	1,300
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	35	25	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	204,420	99,545	104,875	2,335	1,150	1,180
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	5	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	700	340	360
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	185	90	100
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	179,745	87,075	92,670	1,445	720	725
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	380	180	200
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	10	5	5	125,840	61,060	64,780	935	475	455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	125	65	65
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	5	15	5	5	577,735	273,965	303,770	11,555	5,575	5,975
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	780	320	455
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	3,695	1,755	1,945
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5	48,090	23,135	24,955	180	90	95
Spanish	10	0	5	0	0	0	317,365	155,005	162,360	6,885	3,405	3,480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	10	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	195	85	110
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	2,685	1,295	1,390
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	5	0	5
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	2,160	1,035	1,125
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	105	60	45
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	15	5	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215	10	0	5
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245	10	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	55	30	25
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	5	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	5	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	160	80	80
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	135	65	65
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	50	25	30
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	5	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	105	55	50
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	25	5	15
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	580	275	305
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	70	40	30
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	700	320	385
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	120	60	55
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	175	85	90
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	75	45	30
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	20	10	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	75	30	45
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70	5	0	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	605	340	265
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	520	290	230
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	5	5	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	75	45	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	967,965	450,210	517,755	15,585	7,640	7,950
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	955,685	444,115	511,565	15,135	7,400	7,735
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	10	5	5
Mandarin	10	0	5	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	9,985	4,955	5,025
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	130	65	70
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	55	25	25
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	4,795	2,270	2,525
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	155	80	75
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	450	240	210
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	45	30	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	30	10	15
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	365	190	175
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	330	170	160
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	35	20	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	5	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	555	260	295
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	440	215	230
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	115	50	65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	200	105	90
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	10	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	5	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	135	75	60
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435	5	5	5
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480	20	10	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210	20	5	5
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	270	125	150
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	50	20	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	220	105	120
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	20	20	5
Multiple responses	55	25	25	55	30	20	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	54,635	26,605	28,025
English and French	20	10	15	20	15	5	230,955	112,070	118,880	4,330	2,015	2,315
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	20	10	10	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	48,350	23,650	24,700
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	5	5	0	125,525	60,405	65,125	400	190	205
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	56,805	27,370	29,430	550	280	265
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	1,000	465	535
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	685	355	330	435	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	1,326,815	658,740	668,075
None	580	300	280	295	155	145	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	1,128,495	562,275	566,225
English	35	20	15	35	20	15	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	73,880	36,630	37,250
French	20	5	10	30	10	15	571,040	268,530	302,510	14,475	6,645	7,830
Non-official language	30	15	15	40	25	15	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	86,505	41,355	45,150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	12,015	5,565	6,455
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	40	25	15	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	74,485	35,790	38,695
English and French	0	0	0	15	5	5	86,185	42,600	43,585	750	335	420
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	5	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	12,370	6,345	6,025
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	5	134,565	61,575	72,995	2,360	1,060	1,300
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	170	95	70
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	7,810	4,005	3,805
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	645	345	310	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	1,307,185	650,230	656,955
Official languages	645	345	310	440	245	195	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	1,290,665	642,990	647,680
English	380	200	180	400	220	180	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	1,288,945	642,225	646,720
French	630	330	305	305	175	130	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	111,785	51,090	60,700
Non-official languages	195	105	90	245	135	110	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	380,140	185,575	194,565
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	34,405	16,285	18,120
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	32,200	15,235	16,965
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	16,120	7,560	8,560
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	16,115	7,555	8,560
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	90	30	65
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	2,330	955	1,375
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	295	125	175
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	195	65	130
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	13,310	6,420	6,890
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	35	0	25
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	30	10	20
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	30	10	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	16,400	7,835	8,560
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	20	10	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	8,910	4,445	4,460
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	7,595	3,450	4,150
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	355	165	185
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	1,690	725	960
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	5,695	2,630	3,070
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	850	425	425
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	835	410	425
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	835	410	425
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	15	15	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	230	110	125
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	230	110	125
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	10	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	10	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	305	155	155
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	10	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	900	405	495
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	10	0	10
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	885	405	485
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	35	20	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	25	15	15
Non-Indigenous languages	195	105	90	245	135	110	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	346,060	169,435	176,630
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	25	10	65	50	20	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	22,735	11,625	11,115
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	180	100	80
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	120	55	70
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	45	30	15
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	10	10	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	350	235	115
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	335	230	105
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	20	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	185	95	95
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	2,495	1,225	1,270
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	380	200	180
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	405	205	200
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	1,690	810	875
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	50	25	25
Semitic languages	30	25	10	50	35	10	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	20,430	10,430	10,000
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	4,055	1,905	2,150
Arabic	30	25	10	50	35	10	838,045	436,510	401,540	10,275	5,425	4,850
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	25	15	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	10	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	10	10	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	3,800	1,955	1,850
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	20	10	15
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	4,475	2,225	2,245
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	260	135	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	6,645	3,125	3,520
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	380	175	205
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	6,260	2,945	3,310
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455	45	30	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	74,995	35,135	39,860
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	250	145	105
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	960	430	525
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	2,045	1,065	985
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	65	35	35
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	820	395	420
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	3,395	1,585	1,815
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	265	130	130
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	35	15	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510	30	15	10
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	15	10	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	10	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	235	105	130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	1,830	905	925
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	335	125	215
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	73,440	34,315	39,130
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	265	135	130
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	1,240	620	620
Creole languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	184,840	85,045	99,790	1,580	740	840
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	134,895	61,215	73,680	220	95	125
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	115	50	60
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	395	195	200
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	235	105	130
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	50	20	25
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	335	155	180
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	270	125	140
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	3,300	1,800	1,500
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	335	180	150
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	1,740	930	810
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	1,100	645	455
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	595	320	275
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	40	25	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520	10	10	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	20	10	10
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	60	40	110	60	50	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	196,040	97,895	98,150
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	495	220	275
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	95	40	45
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	36,420	16,940	19,480
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	150	45	105
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	90	25	65
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	60	20	40
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	36,340	16,910	19,430
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	95	30	70
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	240	125	120
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	550	255	300
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	165	85	75
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	7,045	3,285	3,760
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	14,835	7,225	7,600
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	2,915	1,445	1,475
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	950	470	480
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	1,500	750	745
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	1,235	615	620
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	50	25	20
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	425	155	265
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	315	125	180
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	14,845	6,585	8,260
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	25	10	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	310	185	125
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	135	90	45
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	45	40	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	125	55	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415	10	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	15	10	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	61,790	30,450	31,335
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	100	60	30
High German languages	10	10	0	15	10	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	42,555	20,860	21,685
German	10	10	0	15	10	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	41,980	20,605	21,375
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	65	45	25
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	220	135	85
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	425	155	265
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	22,220	11,000	11,220
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	1,000	520	475
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	2,840	1,380	1,465
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	3,275	1,615	1,665
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	255	115	135
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	15,055	7,445	7,610
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	205	95	105
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	1,220	615	605
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	300	145	155
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	390	215	175
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	335	175	160
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	255	115	140
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	130	85	45
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	1,620	860	760
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	25	25	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	66,340	35,640	30,695
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	40	15	15	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	62,505	33,645	28,860
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	25	15	10
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	2,740	1,635	1,105
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	6,535	3,685	2,850
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	26,980	14,375	12,610
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	30	30	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	10	10	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	130	70	55
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	445	245	205
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	805	405	405
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	30	20	10
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	10	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	20	20	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	42,820	22,950	19,870
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	130	85	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	1,205	605	595
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	6,800	3,660	3,140
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	200	110	90
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	4,175	2,180	1,995
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	30	25	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	1,210	590	620
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	495	255	240
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	2,615	1,390	1,225
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	860	420	450
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	1,590	885	705
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	235	135	105
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	25	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	35	25	15
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	35	40	15	20	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	37,540	18,165	19,375
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	35	20	15
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	5,230	2,505	2,725
Portuguese	25	10	15	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	9,590	4,735	4,855
Romanian	0	0	0	20	15	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	665	345	320
Spanish	60	50	15	20	10	10	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	23,435	11,295	12,140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	80	40	40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	35	20	15
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	1,505	765	740
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	4,330	2,075	2,255
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	45	15	30
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	15	0	10	267,520	131,495	136,025	14,260	7,240	7,020
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	435	250	190
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	180	85	95
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	255	145	110
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	70	45	30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	160	110	50
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	60	35	20
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	190	100	95
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	90	40	55
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	1,680	940	745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	475	245	240
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	550	270	280
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	70	35	35
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	25	0	15
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	50	25	20
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	60	25	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	430	210	215
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	305	155	150
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	45	20	30
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	3,005	1,500	1,505
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	70	40	35
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	335	200	135
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	6,075	3,030	3,045
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	1,790	900	890
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	550	280	270
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	260	150	110
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	30	10	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	265	120	145
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	95	45	45
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	2,570	925	1,650
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	2,370	830	1,545
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	260	130	130
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	23,835	11,375	12,460
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	23,215	11,080	12,135
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	70	25	40
Mandarin	25	0	20	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	16,765	8,055	8,715
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	15	0	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	490	220	275
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	85	50	40
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	8,920	4,135	4,790
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	215	105	110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	25	0	20
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	635	300	330
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	165	90	75
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	45	10	30
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	415	195	220
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	385	190	200
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	35	20	15
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	50	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	1,645	720	920
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	1,210	565	650
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	620	235	385
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465	15	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	735	415	320
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	125	80	40
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	10
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	635	355	280
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	10	0	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	40	30	15
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	1,510	690	815
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	40	10	30
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	210	95	110
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	1,255	585	675
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	320	145	175
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	645	340	305	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	1,307,190	650,230	656,955
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	237,185	115,585	121,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	232,345	113,375	118,970
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	134,890	65,230	69,660
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	96,725	47,820	48,910
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	725	330	395
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	2,935	1,300	1,635
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	1,905	905	1,000
Non-Indigenous identity	645	340	305	440	245	200	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	1,069,995	534,645	535,350
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	645	340	305	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	1,307,190	650,230	656,955
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	127,205	61,330	65,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	645	340	305	440	245	200	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	1,179,985	588,900	591,080
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	140	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	349,325	...	...
Renter	250	...	...	0	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	156,490	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	12,240	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Condominium	40	...	...	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	41,700	...	...
Not condominium	340	...	...	145	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	476,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	5,050	...	...
1 bedroom	180	...	...	0	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	67,100	...	...
2 bedrooms	120	...	...	0	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	129,795	...	...
3 bedrooms	60	...	...	85	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	184,620	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	60	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	131,485	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	225	...	...	10	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	151,270	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...	30	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	88,535	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	20	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	81,220	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	64,300	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	55	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	132,725	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.1	...	...	6.9	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
One person or fewer per room	375	...	...	140	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	499,415	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	18,640	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Suitable	365	...	...	140	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	481,860	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	0	...	...	805,650	...	...	36,195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
1960 or before	260	...	...	65	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	137,225	...	...
1961 to 1980	70	...	...	65	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	157,190	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	10	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	65,060	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	43,790	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	21,035	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	26,890	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	30,920	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	35,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	360	...	...	135	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	478,435	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	10	...	...	919,545	...	...	39,615	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
One-maintainer household	240	...	...	35	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	266,615	...	...
Two-maintainer household	120	...	...	90	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	229,405	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	20	...	...	687,485	...	...	22,035	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	19,175	...	...
25 to 34 years	80	...	...	0	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	77,045	...	...
35 to 44 years	80	...	...	25	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	92,145	...	...
45 to 54 years	35	...	...	15	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	88,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	90	...	...	50	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	100,500	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	40	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	80,845	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	20	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	43,190	...	...
85 years and over	20	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	16,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	492,925	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	265	...	...	110	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	407,560	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	115	...	...	30	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	85,365	...	...
30% to less than 100%	110	...	...	30	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	75,790	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	518,055	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	35	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	145,805	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	100	...	...	25	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	74,850	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	595,110	...	...	26,905	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	0	...	...	645,465	...	...	28,995	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	4,435	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	5,770	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	4,540	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	310	...	...
Acceptable housing	250	...	...	105	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	372,245	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	483,350	...	...
In core need	65	...	...	0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	48,810	...	...
Not in core need	310	...	...	145	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	434,535	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	140	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	338,920	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0	...	...	67.9	...	...	60.0	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	21.4	...	...	14.8	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,500	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,460	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,225	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	304,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	530,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	338,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	255	...	...	0	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	155,090	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	11.7	...	...	17.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.3	...	...	...	...	...	33.2	...	...	33.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	...	...	...	...	...	20.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	...	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	...	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,074	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	12,240	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	228	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	650	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	1,307,185	650,235	656,955
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	138,505	67,565	70,940
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	135,665	66,250	69,410
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	111,560	54,325	57,230
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	23,765	11,765	12,005
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	335	160	175
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	2,840	1,310	1,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	2,740	1,265	1,470
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	55	30	30
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	50	15	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	100,900	49,370	51,530
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	96,245	47,335	48,905
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	38,520	18,690	19,830
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	57,175	28,405	28,770
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	545	240	305
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	4,660	2,030	2,625
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	4,495	1,955	2,540
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	90	40	50
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	70	40	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	625	335	290	440	240	195	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	1,067,785	533,300	534,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	650	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	1,307,185	650,235	656,955
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	600	320	280	425	235	195	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	1,175,775	582,760	593,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18	85	30	50	75	45	30	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	275,095	141,220	133,875
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	515	285	225	350	185	165	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	900,680	441,540	459,145
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	20	25	0	0	0	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	131,410	67,470	63,940
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	650	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	1,307,185	650,235	656,955
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	505	265	245	230	125	95	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	1,015,280	505,375	509,905
Immigrants⁸¹	130	60	60	215	110	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	257,620	125,385	132,230
Before 1980	20	0	10	35	20	20	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	38,780	18,260	20,520
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	40	25	15	924,320	443,805	480,520	21,210	10,580	10,630
1991 to 2000	25	15	10	50	25	30	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	21,305	9,845	11,460
2001 to 2010	35	20	15	45	20	30	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	65,555	32,250	33,305
2011 to 2021⁸²	45	20	25	30	25	10	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	110,770	54,455	56,315
2011 to 2015	20	10	15	25	20	10	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	52,400	25,565	26,840
2016 to 2021	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	58,370	28,890	29,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15	15	0	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365	34,290	19,475	14,820
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	130	65	65	215	110	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	257,620	125,385	132,230
Under 5 years	20	10	10	10	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	26,725	13,740	12,990
5 to 14 years	15	15	0	35	20	15	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	50,695	26,085	24,615
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	20	10	0	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	45,575	21,480	24,095
25 to 44 years	75	30	45	130	70	65	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	113,910	54,055	59,855
45 years and over	0	0	0	20	0	10	797,180	364,260	432,920	20,710	10,035	10,680
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	130	65	65	215	110	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	257,620	125,385	132,230
Americas	35	25	15	50	20	25	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	32,020	15,230	16,795
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	1,810	905	900
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	1,140	565	575
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	2,575	1,350	1,230
Guyana	0	0	0	20	10	15	85,530	37,870	47,660	1,190	505	685
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	190	95	100
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	2,110	995	1,115
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	5,845	2,825	3,025
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	250	110	140
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	1,630	800	835
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	6,705	2,875	3,830
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	10	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	8,570	4,205	4,365
Europe	50	15	30	45	30	20	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	53,125	26,140	26,980
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	940	495	450
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	765	365	400
France	15	0	15	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	975	535	440
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	9,360	4,805	4,560
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	770	440	335
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	625	300	330
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	2,470	1,225	1,245
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	2,055	1,055	995
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	4,395	1,995	2,405
Portugal	15	0	10	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	4,040	1,965	2,075
Romania	0	0	0	25	10	10	86,770	40,820	45,955	615	310	305
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	4,235	1,910	2,320
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	405	190	220
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	5,370	2,580	2,785
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	10,995	5,390	5,605
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	5,105	2,585	2,520
Africa	25	20	10	40	25	15	821,735	412,365	409,375	27,150	13,605	13,545
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	345	145	200
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	1,425	750	675
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	1,315	690	630
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	2,940	1,550	1,390
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	2,945	1,380	1,565
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	480	250	230
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	8,550	4,420	4,125
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	880	350	530
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	1,180	615	565
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	10	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	7,090	3,465	3,625
Asia	20	0	15	85	45	45	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	144,495	69,980	74,515
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	845	395	450
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	1,105	630	475
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	1,295	650	645
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	345	190	150
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	1,905	1,020	880
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	255	145	110
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	10,250	4,760	5,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	1,255	640	620
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	2,955	1,440	1,515
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	285	105	180
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	70,265	32,770	37,500
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	4,575	2,120	2,455
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	1,295	655	640
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	32,155	16,625	15,535
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	4,170	2,155	2,015
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	10	10	136,240	66,215	70,030	1,125	535	585
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	10	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	10,410	5,145	5,265
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	830	430	395
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	58,370	28,890	29,480
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	5,285	2,610	2,675
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	1,435	740	695
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	290	145	150
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	50	30	20
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	435	230	205
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	660	325	335
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	1,035	520	515
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	45	10	30
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	1,340	615	725
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	4,380	2,200	2,175
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	160	95	70
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	565	275	290
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	155	95	55
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	130	70	65
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	655	320	335
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	1,305	610	695
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	405	235	165
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	1,010	510	500
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	11,065	5,545	5,525
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	250	85	160
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	90	60	35
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	100	50	50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	445	235	210
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	75	20	50
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	280	140	140
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	1,445	755	685
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	680	280	405
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	220	115	105
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	5,105	2,660	2,445
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	385	155	230
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	270	150	120
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	390	185	200
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	100	75	30
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	1,235	580	655
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	37,420	18,415	19,005
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	135	55	75
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	580	265	315
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	3,585	1,670	1,915
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	210	100	115
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	13,340	6,785	6,550
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	265	150	120
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	655	305	355
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	505	250	255
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	80	25	60
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	145	60	85
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	870	440	425
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	180	105	75
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	100	55	45
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	1,210	640	570
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	11,705	5,535	6,165
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	130	70	65
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	190	95	100
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	1,575	855	725
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	120	65	60
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	175	95	80
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	580	250	335
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	1,075	545	530
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	215	120	100
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	105	50	50
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	115	65	45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	645	340	310	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	1,307,190	650,230	656,955
First generation¹⁰⁰	140	80	65	215	115	105	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	302,745	150,415	152,330
Second generation¹⁰¹	90	45	50	115	80	30	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	202,165	100,815	101,345
Third generation or more¹⁰²	410	220	190	115	50	65	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	802,280	398,995	403,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	110	60	55	180	95	85	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	218,840	107,130	111,715
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	70	35	40	100	60	40	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	147,400	74,600	72,800
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	40	10	25	35	25	10	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	57,330	34,270	23,060
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	20	10	70	35	35	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	90,070	40,330	49,740
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	20	0	70	25	40	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	45,750	19,465	26,285
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	10	10	10	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	24,560	12,580	11,985
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	1,130	485	645
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	110	60	55	180	95	85	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	218,840	107,130	111,715
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	10	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	2,360	1,280	1,080
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	10	0	25	15	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	16,195	8,620	7,570
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	4,360	2,245	2,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	10	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	11,250	6,310	4,935
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	1,235	510	725
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	35	35	145	75	70	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	183,440	88,155	95,290
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	645	340	310	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	1,307,190	650,230	656,955
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	70	45	255	135	115	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	290,735	146,545	144,190
South Asian	0	0	0	60	30	30	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	71,215	38,300	32,915
Chinese	25	0	20	20	10	10	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	25,390	12,400	12,995
Black	35	25	10	60	35	30	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	46,485	23,800	22,680
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	94,315	45,640	48,675
Arab	20	20	0	50	35	15	694,015	362,845	331,170	7,820	4,120	3,695
Latin American	20	20	0	10	0	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	12,835	6,425	6,410
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	11,370	5,470	5,905
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	3,450	1,800	1,645
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	4,325	2,095	2,225
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	1,860	885	975
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	20	10	15	172,885	83,310	89,580	3,220	1,520	1,700
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	8,455	4,080	4,375
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	530	265	260	185	100	85	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	1,016,450	503,690	512,760
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	645	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	1,307,185	650,235	656,955
Canadian	160	80	80	50	35	20	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	109,195	55,655	53,545
English	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	210,285	102,600	107,685
Irish	10	10	0	15	10	0	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	144,420	68,390	76,030
Scottish	35	15	20	0	0	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	189,650	92,140	97,500
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	65	45	35	25	15	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	121,095	59,145	61,945
German	15	10	0	25	20	0	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	177,355	87,730	89,630
Chinese	25	10	20	15	10	10	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	29,550	14,350	15,200
Italian	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	22,835	11,405	11,435
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	38,825	20,540	18,280
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	165,305	80,985	84,320
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	43,390	21,330	22,055
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	78,860	38,085	40,780
Québécois	75	40	30	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510	1,270	650	620
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	20	10	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	26,990	13,555	13,440
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	90,945	43,995	46,955
French Canadian	80	35	45	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	12,435	5,870	6,555
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	35	15	20	25	10	15	691,260	347,080	344,175	17,290	8,920	8,365
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	10	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	58,255	28,405	29,850
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	88,300	43,445	44,860
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	14,900	7,525	7,380
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	48,570	23,770	24,795
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	19,115	8,940	10,180
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	17,180	8,090	9,090
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	13,395	6,755	6,645
American	0	0	0	10	10	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	8,345	4,040	4,310
Spanish	30	25	10	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	10,845	5,165	5,680
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	21,165	9,840	11,325
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	10,175	5,030	5,150
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	1,465	710	760
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	5,030	2,605	2,425
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	8,460	4,385	4,070
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	11,745	5,775	5,970
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	13,790	7,570	6,215
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	7,290	3,470	3,820
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	10	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	3,245	1,750	1,495
Greek	10	0	0	15	15	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	3,795	1,960	1,835
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	4,475	2,370	2,100
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	9,280	4,610	4,680
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	40,225	19,450	20,770
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	4,250	2,040	2,210
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	5,510	2,655	2,855
Lebanese	0	0	0	15	10	10	210,605	107,990	102,615	1,505	765	740
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	1,455	825	630
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	5,240	2,640	2,600
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	7,700	3,640	4,060
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	17,400	8,510	8,890
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	9,095	4,855	4,240
Austrian	0	0	0	10	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	11,440	5,540	5,900
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	20,580	10,335	10,245
Haitian	10	10	0	10	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	390	230	160
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	4,560	2,485	2,075
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	7,425	3,720	3,710
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	51,200	25,700	25,500
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	5,255	2,550	2,705
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	4,100	1,950	2,145
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	1,180	625	560
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	3,080	1,545	1,530
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	2,770	1,305	1,465
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	1,730	910	820
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	1,115	560	555
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	4,505	2,125	2,375
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	1,895	980	910
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	1,635	870	765
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	2,755	1,290	1,470
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	350	205	145
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	31,105	15,305	15,795
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	1,380	650	730
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	540	250	290
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	4,330	2,080	2,245
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	1,680	875	800
Guyanese	0	0	0	20	10	15	97,210	46,270	50,940	1,375	670	705
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	1,240	625	615
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	2,175	1,135	1,045
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	1,335	665	670
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	24,885	11,890	12,995
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	830	440	395
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	1,020	515	510
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	530	260	275
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	555	285	275
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	2,460	1,215	1,245
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	885	520	360
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	1,140	515	620
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	1,850	1,125	725
Algerian	15	15	0	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	290	145	150
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	2,110	1,030	1,080
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	5,580	2,860	2,720
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	410	180	230
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	2,135	1,005	1,130
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	2,975	1,425	1,550
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	1,490	700	785
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	435	160	280
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	740	355	390
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	2,575	1,360	1,215
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	820	355	455
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	2,060	1,030	1,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	715	390	325
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	1,240	565	685
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	525	300	225
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	1,150	555	595
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	1,330	660	665
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	1,195	595	600
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	895	435	465
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	555	310	250
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	1,580	810	770
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	1,410	715	690
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	305	145	160
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	2,975	1,440	1,530
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	1,130	635	500
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	345	160	185
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	4,885	2,540	2,350
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	815	400	420
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	235	115	120
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	485	215	270
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	375	160	215
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	260	145	120
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	990	470	525
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	825	385	440
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	135	70	70
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	1,250	765	480
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	3,345	1,670	1,675
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	610	325	290
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	1,435	770	670
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	470	235	240
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	1,645	740	905
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	350	185	170
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	170	85	85
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	565	335	235
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	515	250	265
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	860	455	405
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	860	425	440
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	170	105	65
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	1,175	600	570
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	260	90	170
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	1,040	510	530
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	190	65	125
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	75	30	50
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	1,310	660	650
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	495	325	175
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	240	105	135
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	505	285	225
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	605	265	340
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	1,840	895	950
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	1,365	740	625
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	645	320	330
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	635	335	300
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	110	65	50
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	280	120	160
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	80	40	40
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	625	290	335
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	320	170	145
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	590	300	285
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	120	70	50
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	1,240	610	625
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	520	270	250
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	615	300	315
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	820	315	505
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	260	135	120
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	625	335	285
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	60	35	20
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	15	15	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	1,715	915	800
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	775	390	390
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	1,370	650	725
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	455	245	205
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	235	110	120
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	215	110	105
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	270	115	155
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	355	150	200
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	290	155	135
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	380	160	220
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	330	170	155
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	295	160	135
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	190	100	90
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	145	50	95
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	395	170	220
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	400	200	200
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	115	50	70
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	410	195	210
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	130	45	85
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	3,445	1,545	1,900
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	3,585	1,550	2,030
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	385	200	185
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	1,400	735	665
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	405	205	205
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	230	130	105
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	485	240	245
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	5,665	2,790	2,880
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	130	60	70
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	175	100	75
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	7,155	3,600	3,555
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	65	40	25
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	365	165	200
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	115	45	70
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	310	165	145
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	615	275	335
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	605	310	295
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	560	295	265
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	310	110	195
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	55	20	30
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	215	100	115
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	1,095	495	590
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	155	55	100
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	100	45	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	130	85	45
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	370	165	205
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	135	75	60
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	455	210	250
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	80	50	35
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	325	185	135
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	10	10	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	235	110	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	260	130	130
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	195	90	115
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	205	105	100
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	15	10	10
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	130	50	85
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	225	105	120
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	485	260	220
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	130	55	75
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	150	60	90
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	210	65	140
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	250	130	125
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	75	30	50
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	60	25	35
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	115	50	60
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	280	130	150
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	195	105	90
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	205	105	105
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	250	125	125
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	60	30	35
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	70	20	45
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	20	10	10
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	30	15	15
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	105	65	40
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	90	50	35
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	230	100	130
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	140	55	80
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	40	20	20
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	70	40	25
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	65	35	35
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	40	15	25
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	460	250	215
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	400	210	190
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	55	30	20
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	455	225	235
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	3,210	1,570	1,640
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	645	340	305	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	1,307,190	650,230	656,955
Buddhist	0	0	0	10	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	7,440	3,365	4,080
Christian	310	160	150	250	140	110	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	708,850	335,490	373,365
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	25	10	60	30	25	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	149,880	73,465	76,415
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	31,000	14,905	16,095
Anglican	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	42,660	18,960	23,700
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	14,260	6,770	7,490
Catholic	230	115	115	130	70	60	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	276,925	132,290	144,635
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	45	35	10	623,010	301,055	321,955	17,445	8,240	9,205
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	3,985	1,770	2,215
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	1,640	815	830
Lutheran	0	0	0	10	10	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	27,775	12,665	15,115
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	1,860	915	945
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	20,465	9,700	10,765
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	5,725	2,585	3,140
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	2,430	1,210	1,220
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	75,425	33,275	42,150
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	10	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	37,380	17,925	19,455
Hindu	0	0	0	30	10	15	828,195	430,135	398,060	18,355	10,005	8,350
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	11,565	5,685	5,875
Muslim	30	25	0	80	45	30	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	26,430	13,960	12,470
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	35,470	18,625	16,850
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	10,190	4,735	5,455
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	8,570	3,665	4,910
No religion and secular perspectives	305	160	145	60	30	30	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	480,315	254,700	225,615
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	645	335	305	440	240	195	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	1,291,715	642,120	649,595
Non-movers	585	300	285	410	225	190	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	1,131,315	562,370	568,945
Movers	55	35	20	25	20	10	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	160,395	79,750	80,650
Non-migrants	35	20	10	25	20	10	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	107,815	53,405	54,415
Migrants	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	52,580	26,350	26,235
Internal migrants	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	43,010	21,565	21,445
Intraprovincial migrants	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	28,745	13,895	14,850
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	14,260	7,670	6,595
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	9,575	4,785	4,790
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	615	325	290	415	230	185	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	1,228,155	609,800	618,355
Non-movers	380	200	180	335	185	150	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	754,005	374,495	379,510
Movers	235	125	105	80	45	35	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	474,145	235,305	238,850
Non-migrants	145	75	70	55	40	20	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	249,915	123,190	126,720
Migrants	90	50	35	25	10	15	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	224,235	112,110	112,125
Internal migrants	60	25	35	25	10	15	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	154,275	76,075	78,205
Intraprovincial migrants	50	15	35	25	10	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	122,120	59,775	62,345
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	32,155	16,295	15,860
External migrants	35	25	0	0	0	0	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	69,960	36,035	33,925
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	315	255	365	190	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	1,058,410	522,505	535,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	70	40	35	15	15	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	220,975	119,615	101,360
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	455	245	215	330	170	160	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	837,440	402,890	434,545
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	210	210	230	105	120	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	675,695	335,160	340,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	35	30	10	0	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	93,765	54,570	39,190
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	360	170	180	220	105	120	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	581,930	280,590	301,345
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	310	255	370	190	180	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	1,058,415	522,505	535,905
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	60	40	35	20	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	199,845	106,915	92,930
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	65	35	130	60	70	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	326,725	165,725	161,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	360	180	180	205	115	90	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	531,840	249,865	281,975
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	105	50	110	70	40	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	289,775	143,310	146,465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	15	20	15	0	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	70,655	50,775	19,880
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	20	15	10	10	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	33,000	19,615	13,385
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	37,655	31,170	6,495
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	50	25	70	40	30	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	187,205	78,650	108,555
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	15	10	20	20	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	31,915	13,885	18,030
Bachelor's degree or higher	210	75	125	95	45	50	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	242,070	106,550	135,515
Bachelor's degree	145	45	100	60	25	35	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	170,835	73,420	97,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	15	0	10	556,510	243,200	313,310	19,020	8,040	10,980
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	6,605	3,540	3,055
Master's degree	40	20	20	25	15	10	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	39,155	17,765	21,395
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	6,460	3,790	2,670
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	205	215	225	105	125	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	675,695	335,160	340,535
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	25	30	10	0	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	82,960	48,095	34,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	45	25	80	30	45	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	191,820	101,785	90,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	140	155	145	70	75	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	400,915	185,280	215,635
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	70	40	65	40	25	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	206,375	101,960	104,415
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	20	10	0	0	0	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	48,360	34,915	13,440
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	21,795	13,050	8,745
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	26,560	21,860	4,695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	40	25	50	25	20	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	136,480	57,535	78,945
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	10	10	15	10	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	21,540	9,510	12,025
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	70	115	75	30	50	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	194,545	83,315	111,225
Bachelor's degree	125	35	90	45	10	35	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	138,130	58,540	79,585
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	10	0	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	14,055	5,695	8,360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	5,440	2,700	2,740
Master's degree	40	20	20	20	15	0	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	32,255	13,895	18,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	4,665	2,480	2,180
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	565	310	255	365	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	1,058,410	522,505	535,905
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	205	130	75	160	80	90	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	526,565	272,640	253,930
Education	20	10	15	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	46,425	12,035	34,390
13. Education	20	10	15	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	46,425	12,035	34,390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	10	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	13,220	5,915	7,305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	1,400	1,070	325
50. Visual and performing arts	20	15	0	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	11,820	4,840	6,980
Humanities	20	20	0	20	10	10	926,560	354,120	572,440	26,260	11,175	15,085
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	1,910	505	1,405
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	4,390	1,270	3,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	8,810	3,550	5,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	520	205	320
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	1,810	1,085	725
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	4,670	2,665	2,010
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	3,250	1,745	1,510
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	890	155	740
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	10	60	25	15	0	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	53,520	18,160	35,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	1,105	230	880
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	0	30	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	4,755	2,230	2,525
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	11,430	840	10,590
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	7,840	2,605	5,235
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	1,425	430	995
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	9,330	2,620	6,715
45. Social sciences	25	10	15	0	0	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	17,630	9,200	8,425
Business, management and public administration	100	40	65	30	10	15	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	109,380	42,975	66,405
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	285	55	235
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	9,140	2,145	6,995
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	40	55	30	10	15	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	99,955	40,780	59,175
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	18,690	9,215	9,480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	7,670	3,530	4,140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	5,710	2,780	2,930
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	650	110	545
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	3,680	2,510	1,170
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	990	290	700
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	20	0	25	15	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	23,790	15,020	8,770
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	15	15	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	20,040	13,490	6,550
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	1,190	190	1,000
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	99,360	57,560	41,800	2,300	1,180	1,125
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	255	155	100
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	45	10	65	55	10	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	101,835	92,590	9,240
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	2,910	1,660	1,245
14. Engineering	10	10	0	25	20	10	900,475	723,080	177,395	20,020	16,270	3,745
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	20	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	22,455	19,910	2,550
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390	10	10	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	23,215	22,610	605
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	23,255	22,635	620
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	9,980	9,495	480
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	17,715	11,285	6,435
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	14,210	9,130	5,075
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	3,510	2,150	1,355
Health and related fields	25	10	15	30	0	20	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	92,705	18,030	74,675
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	4,550	2,195	2,355
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	15	30	0	20	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	85,955	14,675	71,285
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	190	40	150
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	2,005	1,120	885
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	28,215	13,460	14,755
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	17,270	4,460	12,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	130	120	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	170	145	25
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	5,055	3,610	1,450
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	5,590	5,125	465
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	85	15	70
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	420	210	215	230	110	125	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	675,695	335,160	340,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	65	55	90	40	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	274,780	149,880	124,900
Education	20	10	15	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	31,325	7,835	23,490
13. Education	20	10	15	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	31,325	7,835	23,490
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	9,955	4,360	5,595
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	910	675	240
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	9,040	3,685	5,355
Humanities	15	15	0	10	0	10	649,695	241,235	408,465	18,715	7,650	11,075
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	1,605	415	1,185
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	3,280	895	2,385
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	6,415	2,490	3,925
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	355	125	235
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	1,310	770	545
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	3,060	1,795	1,270
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	2,120	1,090	1,030
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	575	65	510
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	10	45	20	10	10	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	42,590	13,760	28,825
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	945	195	745
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	25	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	4,080	1,845	2,235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	9,110	660	8,460
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	6,550	1,940	4,600
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	1,170	320	850
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	6,975	1,905	5,065
45. Social sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	13,760	6,895	6,865
Business, management and public administration	95	35	60	15	0	10	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	83,775	32,270	51,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	245	50	200
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	6,845	1,410	5,440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	35	50	15	0	10	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	76,680	30,810	45,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	13,795	6,460	7,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	5,835	2,520	3,320
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	4,110	1,925	2,180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	575	95	480
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	2,685	1,735	945
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	595	180	410
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	20	10	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	19,205	12,210	6,995
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	15	10	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	16,540	11,145	5,400
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	710	120	590
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	1,745	830	920
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	200	115	85
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	35	10	45	35	10	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	75,965	68,175	7,790
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	2,355	1,325	1,035
14. Engineering	10	10	0	20	15	10	724,235	568,385	155,850	17,060	13,635	3,420
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	16,245	14,270	1,975
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350	10	10	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	16,955	16,450	500
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	16,450	15,985	470
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	6,895	6,505	390
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	13,630	8,205	5,425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	10,770	6,525	4,250
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	2,865	1,680	1,175
Health and related fields	10	0	10	25	0	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	71,165	14,460	56,705
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	3,525	1,675	1,850
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	25	0	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	65,865	11,910	53,955
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	155	20	140
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	1,625	855	770
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	20,725	9,890	10,830
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	12,365	3,115	9,250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	110	100	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	105	90	15
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	4,075	2,870	1,205
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	4,070	3,720	355
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	65	10	60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	420	210	215	230	110	125	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	675,695	335,160	340,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	65	55	90	40	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	274,780	149,880	124,900
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	295	140	160	145	70	75	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	400,920	185,280	215,640
Location of study inside Canada	245	115	130	85	45	40	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	313,465	143,310	170,160
Same as province or territory of residence	240	110	130	80	40	40	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	273,970	123,770	150,205
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	39,495	19,545	19,955
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	50	20	30	60	20	30	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	87,445	41,970	45,480
Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775	11,310	5,465	5,845
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	6,955	3,465	3,485
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	435	160	275
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	100	30	70
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	25	15	10
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	330	145	175
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	1,315	640	685
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	555	265	290
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	90	35	55
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	80	25	55
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	1,425	685	745
Europe	30	10	10	25	10	10	543,725	281,205	262,520	11,290	5,965	5,320
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	100	65	35
France	15	10	10	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	460	225	230
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	1,860	1,105	760
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	300	165	135
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	145	90	55
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	50	20	25
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	115	60	55
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	510	255	255
Romania	0	0	0	15	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	115	55	60
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	1,150	530	615
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	2,255	1,100	1,155
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	245	140	105
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	2,600	1,435	1,165
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	140	85	55
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	145	90	55
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	90	55	35
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	1,010	485	525
Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	7,235	3,740	3,490
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	3,665	1,845	1,820
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	145	85	65
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	185	105	80
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	95	70	30
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	690	335	355
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	515	255	260
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	1,935	1,055	885
Asia	0	0	0	25	0	20	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	56,830	26,370	30,465
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	425	215	210
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	175	90	85
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	770	390	385
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	40	10	30
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	130	60	75
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	160	70	90
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	3,920	1,785	2,140
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	140	40	100
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	435	220	215
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	240	65	175
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	1,220	510	710
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	28,440	12,715	15,730
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	560	260	300
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	580	275	310
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	310	150	160
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	16,235	8,035	8,205
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	1,575	785	795
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	1,455	705	755
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	785	425	355
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	665	340	325
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	105	75	30
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	20	10	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	570	310	255	370	190	180	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	1,058,415	522,505	535,905
In the labour force	395	210	180	220	115	105	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	681,505	360,485	321,020
Employed	380	195	180	215	110	105	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	625,115	330,885	294,235
Unemployed	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	56,390	29,605	26,785
Not in the labour force	175	100	75	150	75	75	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	376,905	162,015	214,890
Participation rate	69.3	67.7	70.6	59.5	60.5	58.3	63.7	67.7	59.8	64.4	69.0	59.9
Employment rate	66.7	62.9	70.6	58.1	57.9	58.3	57.1	60.9	53.4	59.1	63.3	54.9
Unemployment rate	3.8	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10.3	9.9	10.7	8.3	8.2	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	565	310	255	365	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	1,058,410	522,505	535,905
Did not work¹⁸⁶	155	85	75	140	65	70	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	379,950	164,955	215,000
Worked	410	225	185	230	120	105	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	678,460	357,550	320,910
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	200	110	90	115	65	50	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	376,840	217,465	159,370
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	210	115	90	115	60	60	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	301,625	140,085	161,540
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	42.6	43.6	40.0	39.6	40.8	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.9	42.8	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	390	210	185	220	115	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	681,505	360,490	321,015
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	15,625	7,580	8,050
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	390	210	185	220	115	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	665,880	352,910	312,970
Employee	340	170	170	185	85	100	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	582,575	298,460	284,115
Permanent position	310	155	150	175	85	95	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	490,370	254,540	235,830
Temporary position	30	15	15	10	0	0	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	92,210	43,920	48,290
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0	0	0	867,740	386,965	480,775	27,250	11,760	15,495
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	15	10	0	0	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	64,960	32,165	32,795
Self-employed¹⁹²	55	40	15	30	30	0	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	83,305	54,450	28,855
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	390	210	185	220	115	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	681,505	360,490	321,015
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	15,625	7,580	8,050
All occupations¹⁹¹	390	210	185	220	115	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	665,880	352,910	312,970
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	6,440	4,200	2,235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	20	55	45	10	35	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	106,520	33,100	73,420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	25	0	35	35	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	39,030	29,915	9,115
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	20	0	20	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	57,585	12,770	44,810
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	70	30	35	15	0	10	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	91,725	30,655	61,070
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	40	25	15	0	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	15,375	6,815	8,560
6 Sales and service occupations	105	55	45	55	25	25	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	160,900	71,660	89,240
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	0	35	35	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	124,140	115,210	8,930
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	29,805	23,260	6,540
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	10	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	34,355	25,310	9,045
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	390	210	185	220	115	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	681,505	360,490	321,015
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	15,625	7,580	8,050
All industries¹⁹¹	390	210	185	220	115	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	665,880	352,910	312,970
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	27,485	19,635	7,850
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	5,045	4,385	660
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	6,655	5,135	1,520
23 Construction	25	25	0	15	15	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	52,245	46,295	5,950
31-33 Manufacturing	35	25	0	25	15	10	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	56,805	41,690	15,110
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	15	10	0	610,295	406,960	203,335	18,970	14,050	4,915
44-45 Retail trade	25	15	15	25	10	15	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	72,205	35,375	36,835
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	0	10	10	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	41,485	33,330	8,155
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	15	15	15	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	9,760	5,850	3,905
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	25,885	10,060	15,825
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	10	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	8,410	4,705	3,700
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	25	15	10	10	0	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	32,425	17,065	15,355
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	1,000	465	535
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	10	0	10	792,600	457,880	334,725	26,870	15,280	11,585
61 Educational services	55	30	30	15	0	10	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	57,480	18,115	39,365
62 Health care and social assistance	65	20	45	40	0	35	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	99,895	21,420	78,475
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10	0	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	12,075	6,300	5,775
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	37,515	15,535	21,985
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	20	20	15	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	28,120	14,060	14,055
91 Public administration	15	10	10	10	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	45,555	24,155	21,405
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	420	230	190	235	120	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	727,130	382,175	344,960
English	30	15	15	70	35	35	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	680,505	360,060	320,445
French	265	140	125	30	15	15	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	3,730	1,140	2,590
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	3,570	2,035	1,530
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	300	170	130
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	3,265	1,865	1,400
English and French	125	80	45	130	70	55	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	14,225	5,650	8,575
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	24,415	12,970	11,450
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	40	15	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	440	210	235
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	200	95	100
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	420	230	190	235	120	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	727,130	382,175	344,960
Single responses	410	220	190	195	100	90	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	719,895	378,430	341,470
Official languages	405	220	185	195	100	90	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	711,975	373,990	337,980
English	45	25	20	125	65	65	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	705,145	371,885	333,260
French	360	195	160	65	40	25	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	6,825	2,105	4,720
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	7,925	4,440	3,485
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	1,375	760	610
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	1,250	705	550
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	735	410	325
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	730	410	325
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	50	25	25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	10	0	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	675	380	295
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	515	295	220
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	405	235	175
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	105	55	50
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	10	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	20	10	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	75	40	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	100	55	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	100	55	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	100	55	45
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	10	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	6,550	3,675	2,880
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	195	95	100
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	25	20	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	20	20	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	165	75	95
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	20	0	15
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	60	40	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340	30	0	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	55	20	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	220	65	155
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	220	65	155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	770	360	415
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	765	350	410
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	10	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	3,530	2,210	1,325
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	330	160	170
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	325	160	165
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	40	25	15
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	175	80	95
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	10	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	85	50	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	1,065	665	405
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	700	400	300
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	700	400	300
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	340	255	85
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440	15	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	95	75	15
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	215	160	60
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	20	10	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430	15	15	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	1,670	1,130	535
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	1,630	1,115	515
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355	40	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	40	15	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	55	35	30
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	1,465	1,030	440
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	40	20	20
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	35	15	20
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	30	15	15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	450	235	215
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	10	0	10
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	90	40	50
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	355	195	160
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	20	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	170	80	90
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200	25	20	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	130	40	90
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	130	40	90
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	1,450	780	670
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	1,450	780	670
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	860	475	385
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	590	305	280
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	10	0	10
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	10	0	10
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	40	15	20	453,880	231,205	222,675	7,230	3,740	3,490
English and French	10	10	0	40	15	20	321,975	163,305	158,675	2,110	895	1,215
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	5,020	2,805	2,215
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	20	0	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	55	20	30
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	420	230	190	235	120	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	727,130	382,175	344,960
None	305	165	140	140	70	75	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	694,535	366,700	327,830
English	95	55	40	35	20	10	902,625	474,755	427,875	7,010	3,170	3,845
French	15	10	0	60	30	25	589,755	288,955	300,800	9,175	3,840	5,330
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	14,510	7,430	7,080
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	2,975	1,405	1,575
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	11,530	6,025	5,510
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	10	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	265	105	155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	265	140	125
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	1,360	775	590
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	375	195	185	215	110	105	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	625,115	330,890	294,235
Worked at home	130	70	60	55	30	20	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	106,565	51,780	54,785
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	1,450	1,150	290
No fixed workplace address	30	25	0	10	10	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	78,405	60,795	17,605
Usual place of work	220	100	120	145	65	80	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	438,705	217,160	221,550
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	220	95	120	145	65	80	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	438,705	217,160	221,550
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	175	65	110	95	40	55	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	328,415	157,380	171,035
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	0	45	15	25	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	46,100	22,990	23,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35	25	10	10	10	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	61,140	34,635	26,500
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	3,055	2,150	900
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	250	125	125	155	80	85	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	517,110	277,950	239,155
Car, truck or van	125	60	65	155	80	75	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	445,070	244,870	200,200
Car, truck or van - as a driver	125	60	65	140	70	65	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	401,745	229,310	172,435
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	15	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050	43,325	15,560	27,765
Public transit	95	45	50	0	0	0	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	29,345	12,095	17,250
Walked	25	0	15	0	0	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	27,440	12,330	15,105
Bicycle	10	10	0	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	5,395	3,720	1,680
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	9,855	4,935	4,925
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	250	125	125	155	80	85	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	517,110	277,950	239,155
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	20	0	0	0	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	187,385	91,055	96,330
15 to 29 minutes	60	15	45	75	25	50	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	191,315	103,060	88,255
30 to 44 minutes	75	50	25	25	15	15	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	90,020	53,555	36,465
45 to 59 minutes	50	20	25	45	30	15	910,610	542,485	368,125	25,475	14,980	10,495
60 minutes and over	30	20	10	10	0	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	22,915	15,300	7,615
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	250	125	125	155	80	85	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	517,110	277,950	239,155
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	25	10	20	20	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	26,980	19,745	7,235
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	25	15	25	15	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	87,745	57,035	30,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45	25	20	70	25	35	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	143,110	78,985	64,125
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	15	50	30	10	15	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	116,395	50,465	65,930
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	20	10	0	0	0	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	59,845	26,620	33,220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	20	10	0	0	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	83,035	45,100	37,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	110	55	50	75	40	30	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	302,080	155,205	146,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	35	20	20	897,205	456,120	441,085	30,475	15,430	15,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	105	55	45	40	30	15	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	271,605	139,775	131,830
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	80	40	35	65	40	25	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	217,225	111,805	105,425
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	30	15	15	682,190	346,420	335,770	23,030	11,620	11,405
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	30	15	10	467,685	234,475	233,215	14,755	7,340	7,415
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	8,280	4,285	3,990
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	35	35	25	15	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	194,195	100,175	94,020

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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