Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	683	...	...	436	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	154,331	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	142,907	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	400	...	...	146	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	74,934	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	376	...	...	144	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	64,570	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	13,938.8	...	...	2,984.3	...	...	4.2	...	...	27.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.05	...	...	0.15	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	5,681.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	685	350	330	435	230	210	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	154,330	75,385	78,945
0 to 14 years	95	50	50	55	35	20	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	23,640	12,120	11,520
0 to 4 years	30	15	15	10	5	5	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	6,750	3,475	3,280
5 to 9 years	35	15	15	20	15	5	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	8,085	4,190	3,900
10 to 14 years	35	20	15	25	15	10	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	8,800	4,455	4,345
15 to 64 years	505	265	245	280	140	140	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	97,985	48,205	49,775
15 to 19 years	15	10	5	35	15	15	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	8,560	4,335	4,220
20 to 24 years	45	25	20	35	10	20	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	10,570	5,565	5,005
25 to 29 years	85	50	30	25	15	10	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	9,200	4,765	4,435
30 to 34 years	55	25	30	20	10	5	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	9,000	4,315	4,685
35 to 39 years	45	20	20	25	15	10	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	8,980	4,300	4,680
40 to 44 years	85	50	35	20	10	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	9,130	4,360	4,775
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	25	10	10	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	9,505	4,625	4,890
50 to 54 years	45	30	20	30	15	15	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	9,960	4,840	5,115
55 to 59 years	45	20	30	40	20	20	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	11,640	5,640	6,005
60 to 64 years	40	20	20	35	15	25	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	11,430	5,460	5,970
65 years and over	80	40	40	105	55	50	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	32,705	15,060	17,650
65 to 69 years	35	15	15	35	20	20	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	10,500	5,055	5,450
70 to 74 years	20	15	10	30	15	15	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	9,190	4,425	4,770
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	15	10	5	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	5,775	2,675	3,095
80 to 84 years	5	0	5	10	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	3,730	1,620	2,110
85 years and over	15	5	10	10	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	3,515	1,285	2,230
85 to 89 years	10	0	5	10	0	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	2,230	880	1,355
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	955	310	640
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	295	85	210
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	35	5	25
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.9	14.3	15.2	12.6	15.2	9.5	16.3	16.9	15.6	15.3	16.1	14.6
15 to 64 years	73.7	75.7	74.2	64.4	60.9	66.7	64.8	65.4	64.2	63.5	63.9	63.1
65 years and over	11.7	11.4	12.1	24.1	23.9	23.8	19.0	17.7	20.2	21.2	20.0	22.4
85 years and over	2.2	1.4	3.0	2.3	0.0	2.4	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.7	2.8
Average age of the population	39.4	38.7	40.2	44.7	43.2	46.2	41.9	41.0	42.8	43.1	42.1	44.0
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	46.4	44.4	50.0	41.6	40.4	42.8	44.0	42.8	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	380	...	...	140	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	135	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	43,855	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	5	...	...	746,560	...	...	3,645	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	10	...	...	980,110	...	...	2,680	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	0	...	...	821,490	...	...	1,135	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	335	...	...	0	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	10,370	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	130	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	85	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	2,680	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
1 person	200	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	18,635	...	...
2 persons	90	...	...	50	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	24,470	...	...
3 persons	50	...	...	25	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	9,475	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	25	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	7,620	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	25	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	4,370	...	...
Number of persons in private households	685	355	330	435	230	205	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	150,480	73,540	76,940
Average household size	1.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	130,690	63,260	67,430
Married or living common-law	240	120	120	235	120	115	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	75,415	37,675	37,735
Married	95	50	50	200	100	100	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	62,350	31,185	31,170
Living common-law	145	75	70	35	20	20	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	13,060	6,495	6,565
Living common law - Never married	130	65	60	25	10	10	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	9,330	4,580	4,750
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	700	385	315
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	5	10	5	5	721,715	365,760	355,950	2,655	1,375	1,280
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	370	155	215
Not married and not living common-law	345	185	160	150	75	75	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	55,280	25,590	29,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	285	160	120	110	65	45	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	36,455	19,470	16,980
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	0	5	5	5	741,135	319,045	422,090	3,585	1,510	2,070
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	40	15	25	15	5	10	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	7,235	2,905	4,325
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	15	5	10	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	8,010	1,695	6,315
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	130	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	43,530	...	...
2 persons	80	...	...	60	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	24,415	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	25	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	8,730	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	25	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	6,940	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	855,960	...	...	3,445	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	150	...	...	135	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	43,530	...	...
Total couple families	120	...	...	115	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	36,805	...	...
Married couples	45	...	...	100	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	30,275	...	...
With children⁶	25	...	...	60	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	13,985	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	40	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	16,285	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...	20	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	6,530	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	2,565	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	3,965	...	...
Total one-parent families	35	...	...	15	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	6,730	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	25	...	...	10	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	5,205	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	1,525	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	685	355	330	435	230	205	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	150,480	73,540	76,940
Total - Persons in census families	410	200	210	405	215	195	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	121,345	59,940	61,400
Married spouses or common-law partners	235	125	115	230	120	115	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	73,600	36,730	36,870
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	25	15	5	10	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	6,725	1,520	5,210
Children⁶	145	70	70	160	95	65	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	41,010	21,685	19,325
In a two-parent family	95	50	45	145	80	60	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	30,790	16,140	14,650
In a one-parent family	45	20	25	20	10	5	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	10,220	5,545	4,670
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	270	150	120	30	10	15	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	29,140	13,605	15,540
Living alone	205	105	95	15	5	10	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	18,635	7,965	10,675
Living with other relatives⁷	15	5	10	5	5	5	927,345	393,085	534,260	2,870	1,230	1,645
Living with non-relatives only	55	40	15	10	5	0	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	7,630	4,415	3,220
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	64,570	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	115	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	39,905	...	...
Couple-family households	110	...	...	100	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	34,430	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	60	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	15,530	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	45	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	18,900	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	10	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	5,480	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	5	...	...	441,745	...	...	1,005	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	255	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...	1,555	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	25	...	...	0	...	...	663,835	...	...	3,210	...	...
One-person households	205	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	18,635	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	585	300	280	385	195	190	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	295	275	355	185	175	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	122,790	59,350	63,435
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	35,600	40,800	38,800	38,400	38,800	41,200	46,400	36,800	38,800	41,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	575	295	275	355	185	175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	122,870	59,395	63,470
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	32,400	36,800	34,000	34,000	34,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	34,400	36,000	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	515	265	250	300	155	145	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	110,750	54,565	56,190
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,400	28,400	34,400	36,400	39,200	34,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	30,600	34,000	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	235	220	250	135	120	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	91,325	46,475	44,850
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	28,400	35,200	40,000	42,000	37,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	31,200	33,600	29,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	490	245	245	295	150	145	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	99,515	45,585	53,925
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,100	10,300	11,800	11,900	11,500	9,800	8,500	11,000	12,700	12,800	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75	35	40	35	20	10	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	26,055	13,740	12,310
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	6,000	5,360	5,240	x	x	5,720	5,760	5,720	7,900	9,000	6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	200	115	85	115	70	50	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	31,520	15,180	16,340
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	10,000	8,500	7,000	7,250	6,240	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,500	7,000	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	570	315	255	370	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565	310	255	350	185	165	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	123,000	59,395	63,605
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	46,800	52,000	47,800	47,600	48,000	54,450	62,650	46,560	46,120	50,360	42,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	565	310	255	350	185	165	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	123,055	59,435	63,620
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	39,200	44,000	39,600	38,400	41,200	44,920	50,320	39,680	38,600	41,320	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	505	280	225	285	140	145	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	111,055	54,450	56,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	41,600	46,000	45,200	51,000	40,000	50,240	59,500	41,000	39,600	44,480	34,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	245	200	245	125	120	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	91,335	46,420	44,915
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	42,400	45,200	43,600	49,000	38,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	39,040	42,320	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	450	240	210	305	155	145	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	99,930	45,775	54,155
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,280	12,100	12,500	13,000	11,400	14,600	11,170	10,180	12,060	12,760	12,410	13,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70	40	30	45	20	20	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	26,430	13,690	12,740
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	5,800	11,000	9,200	7,600	11,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	9,280	10,030	8,470
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	135	75	55	115	60	55	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	31,580	14,960	16,620
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,600	9,600	8,800	8,000	10,000	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,060	7,910	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	565	310	255	365	190	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	200	110	90	110	55	45	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	41,135	21,685	19,450
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	56,000	66,000	61,200	70,500	49,200	63,600	69,000	58,000	52,800	54,800	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	62,000	70,000	64,000	68,000	60,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	60,300	63,650	56,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	205	110	95	105	45	60	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	40,270	19,765	20,510
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	13,600	22,800	14,900	12,000	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600	16,600	18,400	14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	32,000	27,200	23,600	26,000	22,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	23,140	25,560	20,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	80.0	80.0	76.0	80.0	72.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	77.6	81.0	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	73.0	69.0	63.0	68.0	56.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	62.8	65.6	59.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	20.0	20.0	23.6	20.0	27.0	17.8	13.7	23.1	22.5	19.0	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.0	1.7	2.4	2.4	1.8	3.2	1.4	1.2	1.7	4.3	4.6	4.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	5.8	4.8	6.9	6.2	7.8	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.6	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	5.2	4.0	6.2	5.6	6.8	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.5	4.0	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	126,900	61,450	65,450
Without total income	10	5	5	25	10	15	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	4,105	2,095	2,015
With total income	575	300	280	355	180	175	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	122,790	59,355	63,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	25	10	15	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	8,895	3,975	4,925
$10,000 to $19,999	75	40	35	55	30	30	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	14,340	6,025	8,315
$20,000 to $29,999	110	60	45	65	35	25	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	20,890	9,045	11,845
$30,000 to $39,999	85	45	40	40	15	20	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	19,790	9,245	10,545
$40,000 to $49,999	75	35	35	30	15	20	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	17,000	8,340	8,660
$50,000 to $59,999	75	40	35	35	20	20	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	12,955	6,455	6,495
$60,000 to $69,999	50	25	25	25	10	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	8,715	4,720	3,995
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	10	20	10	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5,810	3,225	2,590
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	15	10	10	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	4,350	2,255	2,100
$90,000 to $99,999	20	0	15	10	5	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	3,085	1,490	1,590
$100,000 and over	35	20	15	30	20	10	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	6,955	4,570	2,385
$100,000 to $149,999	25	10	10	30	20	10	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	4,860	3,050	1,810
$150,000 and over	5	5	0	5	5	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	2,095	1,525	575
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	126,900	61,450	65,450
Without after-tax income	10	5	5	25	10	15	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	4,030	2,050	1,980
With after-tax income	575	300	280	355	180	175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	122,865	59,400	63,470
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	25	10	10	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	9,520	4,180	5,340
$10,000 to $19,999	80	45	40	60	30	30	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	15,360	6,540	8,820
$20,000 to $29,999	115	70	50	60	35	30	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	25,795	11,500	14,290
$30,000 to $39,999	105	55	50	50	20	30	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	24,250	11,830	12,425
$40,000 to $49,999	95	45	50	50	25	20	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	18,345	9,085	9,260
$50,000 to $59,999	60	35	30	35	15	20	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	11,585	6,105	5,480
$60,000 to $69,999	15	10	10	25	15	10	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	7,100	3,700	3,395
$70,000 to $79,999	25	10	15	20	10	10	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	4,430	2,260	2,165
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	5	5	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	2,260	1,285	975
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	10	0	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	1,250	790	460
$100,000 and over	10	10	5	10	5	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	2,985	2,120	865
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	5	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	1,535	1,040	490
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	1,450	1,080	375
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	585	305	280	380	190	190	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	126,900	61,450	65,450
Without employment income	130	70	60	130	60	70	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	35,575	14,970	20,600
With employment income	455	235	220	255	135	120	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	91,325	46,480	44,850
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	30	30	40	25	15	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	11,930	5,690	6,240
$5,000 to $9,999	55	30	25	15	10	10	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	8,250	3,640	4,615
$10,000 to $19,999	45	30	20	35	15	15	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	13,705	6,760	6,945
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	20	15	10	5	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	10,530	5,375	5,150
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	30	25	10	20	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	10,385	5,090	5,295
$40,000 to $49,999	40	20	25	25	15	10	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	9,340	4,785	4,560
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	15	10	10	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	7,545	4,005	3,545
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	20	10	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	5,440	3,050	2,390
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	15	5	10	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	3,945	2,180	1,760
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	10	15	10	10	929,490	539,395	390,095	3,170	1,500	1,670
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	5	5	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	2,300	1,150	1,150
$100,000 and over	25	15	10	25	20	10	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	4,775	3,245	1,535
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	5	15	15	5	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	2,395	1,500	900
$125,000 and over	10	5	5	10	5	5	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	2,380	1,745	635
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	585	300	280	385	195	190	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	570	295	275	350	175	175	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	120,875	58,400	62,480
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	32,800	33,600	37,200	39,200	35,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	36,400	40,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	570	295	275	350	175	175	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	120,970	58,410	62,560
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	29,800	30,400	33,200	34,800	30,200	35,200	40,000	31,200	32,000	34,400	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	505	260	245	305	160	150	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	110,215	54,175	56,035
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	29,800	30,400	35,200	36,400	34,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	30,600	34,400	27,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	235	220	260	140	120	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	92,525	46,765	45,760
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,200	30,400	32,400	41,200	40,800	41,200	38,000	44,400	32,800	30,600	33,600	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	450	220	230	255	120	135	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	89,695	40,155	49,545
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,880	2,840	5,920	7,750	3,960	8,900	4,240	1,960	6,450	9,500	9,700	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	50	25	25	20	10	10	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	24,835	13,170	11,665
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,480	3,080	4,640	4,720	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	8,500	9,300	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	570	315	255	370	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	560	305	255	350	180	165	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	120,955	58,395	62,560
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	44,000	44,000	45,000	47,200	42,800	52,350	61,250	43,800	43,880	48,560	39,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	560	305	255	350	180	165	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	121,030	58,405	62,630
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,600	36,800	36,400	37,400	38,400	36,400	42,920	49,000	37,160	36,560	39,680	33,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	490	275	215	315	160	145	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	110,435	54,220	56,220
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	42,400	43,200	41,600	46,000	37,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	39,640	44,720	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	435	250	185	255	135	125	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	92,705	46,845	45,860
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,600	42,000	43,600	42,000	47,000	36,500	50,560	58,800	41,800	39,120	43,120	35,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	430	230	205	250	125	125	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	89,655	40,055	49,600
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	7,550	9,400	11,100	9,200	13,000	7,950	6,990	8,800	10,330	10,240	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	15	35	0	20	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	24,780	13,020	11,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,500	...	10,000	13,000	...	16,000	7,560	6,880	8,210	9,450	10,070	8,750
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	565	310	255	365	190	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	185	100	85	115	60	45	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	40,840	21,500	19,340
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	55,600	61,200	53,200	66,500	42,800	60,000	66,000	53,600	50,400	52,400	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600	63,000	64,000	55,000	60,000	48,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	57,150	61,050	52,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	190	110	75	105	50	60	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	38,455	19,000	19,455
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,800	21,800	21,600	26,000	27,600	26,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	19,400	21,200	17,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,800	30,800	29,000	32,000	36,000	28,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	27,480	30,720	24,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.0	82.0	82.0	86.0	76.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	82.6	85.6	79.2
Employment income (%)	74.5	77.0	71.0	69.0	74.0	62.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	68.4	71.2	65.0
Government transfers (%)	14.8	12.8	17.2	18.0	13.2	23.0	12.3	8.9	16.9	17.4	14.5	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	x	2.0	2.8	x	5.0	1.2	1.0	1.6	4.4	4.6	4.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	111,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	73,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	91,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	205	...	...	15	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	18,635	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	x	...	...	41,600	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,400	...	...	x	...	...	37,200	...	...	32,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	175	...	...	130	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	45,935	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,200	...	...	116,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	87,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	96,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	205	...	...	0	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	18,615	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	...	...	...	53,350	...	...	42,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	x	...	...	44,360	...	...	36,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	170	...	...	140	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	45,955	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	630	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	345	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	885	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	1,175	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	637,695	...	...	3,490	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	505,875	...	...	2,425	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	488,735	...	...	2,710	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	560,950	...	...	2,945	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	572,650	...	...	2,870	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	559,155	...	...	2,695	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	45	...	...	5	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	5,475	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	5	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	4,965	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	986,460	...	...	4,725	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	4,370	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	3,930	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	80	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	20,930	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	20	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	7,575	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	5,010	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	5,095	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	15	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	3,250	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	710	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	360	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	915	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	1,270	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	35	...	...	0	...	...	681,900	...	...	3,870	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	589,110	...	...	2,985	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	0	...	...	582,275	...	...	3,300	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	666,675	...	...	3,530	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	0	...	...	676,995	...	...	3,445	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	5	...	...	655,100	...	...	3,235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	10	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	6,155	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	5,990	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	30	...	...	15	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	5,415	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	4,740	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	911,515	...	...	3,920	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	60	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	14,730	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	6,845	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	3,760	...	...
$150,000 and over	20	...	...	20	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	4,125	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	155	...	...	130	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	43,455	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	40	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	19,210	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	60	...	...	70	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	16,720	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	10	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	6,285	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	56,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	255	145	110	25	15	10	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	26,270	12,375	13,895
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,000	34,400	49,600	x	x	38,400	40,000	36,800	34,000	34,800	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	31,000	30,600	42,000	x	x	34,800	36,000	33,600	30,800	31,200	30,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	135	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	43,445	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	88,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	45	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	19,125	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	95,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	79,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	75	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	16,800	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	133,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	109,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	6,215	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...	69,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,800	...	...	61,450	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	255	150	110	35	0	15	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	26,230	12,215	14,015
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	42,000	45,000	52,000	x	60,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	40,040	40,480	39,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	36,000	38,500	44,000	x	50,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	34,280	34,400	34,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	685	355	330	435	225	210	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	150,480	73,540	76,940
0 to 17 years	110	60	50	70	40	30	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	28,685	14,705	13,985
0 to 5 years	35	20	15	15	5	5	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	8,260	4,280	3,980
18 to 64 years	495	255	235	260	135	125	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	91,000	44,465	46,535
65 years and over	80	40	40	100	55	50	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	30,800	14,375	16,425
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	125	70	55	15	15	5	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	20,725	9,395	11,325
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	0	0	0	854,565	439,490	415,075	4,460	2,275	2,185
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	1,295	690	605
18 to 64 years	95	50	45	10	5	0	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	10,145	4,695	5,450
65 years and over	20	10	5	10	5	5	985,745	391,695	594,050	6,120	2,425	3,695
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.4	19.0	17.5	4.0	5.0	3.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	13.8	12.8	14.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	10.0	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	15.5	15.5	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	15.7	16.1	15.2
18 to 64 years (%)	19.2	19.5	19.0	2.5	4.0	x	9.7	9.4	9.9	11.2	10.6	11.7
65 years and over (%)	24.0	28.0	20.0	10.0	12.0	8.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	19.9	16.9	22.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	685	355	330	440	230	205	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	149,875	73,240	76,635
0 to 17 years	110	55	55	75	45	35	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	28,475	14,600	13,875
0 to 5 years	35	20	20	10	5	5	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	8,205	4,250	3,960
18 to 64 years	495	255	240	260	130	125	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	90,630	44,285	46,350
65 years and over	80	40	40	100	50	50	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	30,765	14,355	16,410
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	90	60	30	10	5	0	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	6,185	3,095	3,095
0 to 17 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	1,150	595	555
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	300	155	145
18 to 64 years	75	50	25	5	5	0	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	4,615	2,320	2,300
65 years and over	10	5	0	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	425	180	240
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	13.4	16.5	10.0	1.2	2.0	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.1	4.2	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	x	x	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.0	4.1	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	3.6	3.7	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	15.2	19.0	12.0	x	x	x	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.1	5.2	5.0
65 years and over (%)	12.0	12.0	10.0	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	685	350	330	435	230	210	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	150,480	73,540	76,940
In bottom half of the distribution	480	255	225	200	105	95	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	90,760	43,710	47,050
In bottom decile	110	65	45	15	10	5	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	18,220	8,555	9,670
In second decile	115	55	60	30	10	20	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	19,490	9,135	10,355
In third decile	75	40	40	35	25	15	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	18,460	8,965	9,495
In fourth decile	90	50	40	45	20	25	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	17,650	8,650	8,995
In fifth decile	85	45	40	65	35	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	16,945	8,405	8,535
In top half of the distribution	200	95	105	235	120	115	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	59,720	29,830	29,890
In sixth decile	55	20	35	40	20	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	15,690	7,820	7,870
In seventh decile	20	10	10	70	35	35	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	14,460	7,135	7,330
In eighth decile	60	30	30	70	35	35	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	12,475	6,250	6,225
In ninth decile	35	20	20	50	25	30	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	9,835	4,920	4,915
In top decile	35	15	20	10	5	10	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	7,255	3,705	3,550
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	680	...	...	440	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	150,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.317	...	...	0.235	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.452	...	...	0.356	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.435	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.283	...	...	0.207	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
English only	15	10	10	105	50	55	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	131,465	65,710	65,755
French only	250	130	120	35	20	15	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	135	70	65
English and French	415	215	195	290	155	135	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	19,385	8,185	11,195
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	5	689,725	284,170	405,555	1,480	680	795
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
English	50	30	25	245	125	120	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	146,265	71,800	74,465
French	605	320	295	130	70	60	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	4,350	2,020	2,330
English and French	20	5	10	55	35	30	476,175	237,635	238,535	415	180	235
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	5	0	5	673,100	275,685	397,420	1,425	650	780
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
Single responses	655	340	315	400	210	195	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	149,950	73,405	76,540
Official languages	550	285	265	230	120	110	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	136,985	66,615	70,370
English	30	15	15	140	70	70	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	132,425	64,525	67,900
French	520	270	250	90	50	45	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	4,560	2,085	2,475
Non-official languages	105	55	50	175	90	80	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	12,965	6,795	6,170
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	45	20	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	45	20	20
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	40	25	20
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	40	25	20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	55	50	175	90	80	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	12,920	6,770	6,145
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	30	20	10	698,355	359,625	338,730	940	515	425
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	70	30	35
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	70	30	35
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	25	20	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	865	480	390
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	10	5	0
Arabic	15	10	5	25	15	10	508,410	265,350	243,060	830	455	375
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	10	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	10	5	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	15	10	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	610	300	310
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	5	5	5
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	605	295	305
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	20	10	10	565,375	238,875	326,500	1,295	580	715
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	10	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	35	15	20
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	15	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	5	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	25	15	15
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	10	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	5	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10	5	10	461,150	194,805	266,345	1,165	525	640
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	10	5	10
Creole languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	78,235	35,650	42,580	40	20	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5	52,435	23,355	29,085	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	5	5	15,550	7,325	8,230	5	0	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	15	10	5
Dravidian languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	244,165	125,180	118,990	495	305	195
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	15	5	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	395	245	150
Tamil	5	5	0	10	5	5	152,850	75,010	77,845	30	20	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	55	30	25
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	5	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20	95	50	40	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	5,195	2,890	2,300
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	135	70	65
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	5	15	5	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	475	215	265
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	10	5	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	5	5	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	5	5	5
Slavic languages	15	5	5	15	5	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	470	210	260
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	10	5	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	0	10	5	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	80	35	45
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	230	105	130
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	55	30	30
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	20	10	10
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	15	5	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	15	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	10	5	5
Ukrainian	10	0	5	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	45	20	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	10	10	5
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	5	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	1,095	575	520
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	25	15	5
High German languages	0	0	0	0	5	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	525	270	260
German	0	0	0	5	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	475	235	235
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	20	10	5
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	40	15	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	500	270	235
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	30	15	20
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	440	235	200
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	20	15	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	45	25	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	30	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	5	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	10	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5	93,335	45,860	47,470	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	40	20	20	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	2,600	1,580	1,020
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	30	20	15	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	2,380	1,460	915
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	120	80	40
Gujarati	0	0	0	5	5	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	280	205	75
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	245	145	100
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	5	5	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	180	90	100
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	5	5	666,585	341,515	325,065	1,380	850	530
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	5	5	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	5	5	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	45	20	25
Urdu	0	0	0	5	0	5	235,290	118,540	116,755	75	45	35
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	20	15	10
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	225	120	105
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	5	5	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	220	120	100
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	10	5	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5	5	5	179,425	89,070	90,360	185	100	85
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	20	10	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	20	15	25	15	10	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	850	425	420
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	60	30	30
Portuguese	10	0	5	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	190	90	100
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5	93,160	44,185	48,975	50	30	25
Spanish	25	15	10	5	5	5	538,870	259,500	279,375	550	285	270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	5	0	0	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	95	20	80
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	130	65	65
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	5	0	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	125	70	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	5	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	10	0	5
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	10	5	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	25	15	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	20	10	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	25	10	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	10	10	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	5	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	5	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	15	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	15	15	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	3,795	1,930	1,870
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	3,730	1,890	1,840
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	10	5	0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	3,240	1,625	1,620
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	65	45	20
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	20	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	350	175	175
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	45	25	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	65	40	30
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	15	5	5
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	40	25	20
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	45	25	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440	10	5	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	30	5	25
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	35	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	70	35	35
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	5	0	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	65	35	35
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	70	30	35
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	10	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	15	5	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	50	25	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	5	0	5
Multiple responses	30	20	15	35	15	15	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	2,505	1,240	1,265
English and French	10	10	5	10	10	0	291,325	142,420	148,905	970	430	540
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	5	921,480	450,685	470,800	1,320	695	625
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	5	0	5	117,910	57,875	60,040	45	20	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	5	52,880	25,900	26,975	50	30	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	120	65	60
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
English	20	10	5	130	75	60	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	134,785	65,730	69,060
French	500	260	240	80	40	40	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	1,620	755	860
Non-official language	15	5	10	45	20	25	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	5,485	2,965	2,520
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	5	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15	5	10	45	20	25	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	5,480	2,960	2,515
English and French	55	35	25	45	25	20	953,760	465,560	488,205	2,605	1,120	1,485
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	70	35	40	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	7,300	3,755	3,545
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	10	10	5	395,320	188,195	207,125	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	50	30	20	455,760	217,995	237,770	340	155	180
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	280	140	145
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	680	355	330	440	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	152,455	74,645	77,810
Single responses	630	325	305	385	195	185	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	150,355	73,620	76,735
Official languages	600	315	285	295	155	145	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	141,285	68,820	72,460
English	35	20	20	195	100	90	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	139,195	67,855	71,345
French	560	295	265	105	50	50	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	2,085	960	1,120
Non-official languages	30	10	20	85	45	45	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	9,080	4,800	4,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	10	5	5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	10	5	5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	30	10	20	85	45	45	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	9,065	4,800	4,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	5	5	5	395,840	197,010	198,830	610	315	290
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	45	20	25
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	45	20	25
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	560	295	265
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	5	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	5	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	545	285	260
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	5	0	5
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	5	5	5
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	585	300	285
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	580	300	285
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	5	0	10	326,245	149,550	176,700	880	415	465
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	5	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	30	15	15
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	10	5	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	20	10	5
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	805	385	425
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	5	5	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	25	15	15
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	10	0	10
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	169,705	85,265	84,440	350	205	150
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	10	5	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	295	175	120
Tamil	0	0	0	10	5	5	112,335	54,240	58,095	20	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	25	15	10
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	15	10	5	60	30	25	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	2,950	1,675	1,280
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	75	45	35
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	303,480	143,495	159,985	230	105	120
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	10	5	5	300,985	142,375	158,610	225	105	120
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	5	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	0	5	0	5	0	5	65,140	30,225	34,915	15	5	5
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	155	70	90
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	20	10	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	5	5	5
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	5	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	5	5	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	25	15	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	5	5	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	5	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	380	195	185
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155	5	5	5
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	245	125	120
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	205	105	100
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	20	10	5
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	20	5	15
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	120	60	60
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	20	10	15
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	95	50	40
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	10	0	5
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	1,820	1,105	720
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	15	10	5	962,820	490,815	472,000	1,665	1,030	635
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	80	50	25
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	190	140	50
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	125	75	50
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	5	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	125	65	65
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	1,070	665	410
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	20	10	10
Urdu	0	0	0	5	5	5	158,040	78,420	79,615	30	20	10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	15	10	5
Iranian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	204,420	99,545	104,875	160	75	85
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	179,745	87,075	92,670	150	75	80
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	10	5	5	125,840	61,060	64,780	130	60	70
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	5	15	5	5	577,735	273,965	303,770	435	220	210
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	10	5	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	90	40	50
Romanian	0	0	0	10	5	5	48,090	23,135	24,955	25	15	10
Spanish	10	0	5	0	0	0	317,365	155,005	162,360	310	165	145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	40	10	25
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	95	45	50
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	30	10	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	10	0	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	35	30	10
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	30	20	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	10	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	967,965	450,210	517,755	3,365	1,735	1,635
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	955,685	444,115	511,565	3,325	1,710	1,610
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	2,985	1,550	1,440
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	25	15	15
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	15	10	10
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	275	130	140
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	25	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	45	20	20
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	30	15	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	30	15	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	5	5	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	5	5	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	10	0	5
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	60	25	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	5	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	55	25	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	20	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Multiple responses	55	25	25	55	30	20	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	2,100	1,030	1,070
English and French	20	10	15	20	15	5	230,955	112,070	118,880	450	170	290
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	20	10	10	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	1,575	820	750
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	5	5	0	125,525	60,405	65,125	15	10	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	5	56,805	27,370	29,430	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	30	15	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	685	355	330	435	230	205	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	152,455	74,645	77,810
None	580	300	280	295	155	145	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	143,655	70,300	73,355
English	35	20	15	35	20	15	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	3,250	1,615	1,630
French	20	5	10	30	10	15	571,040	268,530	302,510	1,810	810	1,000
Non-official language	30	15	15	40	25	15	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	2,750	1,390	1,355
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	60	30	35
Non-Indigenous	30	15	15	40	25	15	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	2,690	1,365	1,325
English and French	0	0	0	15	5	5	86,185	42,600	43,585	40	10	25
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	10	5	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	475	260	210
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	10	10	5	134,565	61,575	72,995	165	75	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	15	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	5	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	305	170	140
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	645	345	310	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,485	73,545	76,940
Official languages	645	345	310	440	245	195	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	149,645	73,110	76,535
English	380	200	180	400	220	180	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	149,525	73,045	76,480
French	630	330	305	305	175	130	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	19,445	8,285	11,155
Non-official languages	195	105	90	245	135	110	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	16,155	8,280	7,870
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	160	75	80
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	145	75	75
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	15	0	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	10	0	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	135	70	65
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	135	70	65
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	10	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	10	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	195	105	90	245	135	110	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	16,015	8,220	7,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	25	10	65	50	20	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	1,320	735	585
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	20	0	15
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	20	0	15
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	60	40	20
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	60	40	20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30	25	10	50	35	10	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	1,260	700	555
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	10	10	0
Arabic	30	25	10	50	35	10	838,045	436,510	401,540	1,165	645	520
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	40	25	15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	40	25	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	75	40	35
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	785	390	395
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	785	390	395
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	1,670	690	980
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	15	0	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	15	0	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	100	35	65
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	30	15	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	20	15	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	25	10	15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	1,625	670	955
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	20	0	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	15	10	10	184,840	85,045	99,790	155	70	75
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	134,895	61,215	73,680	15	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	60	30	30
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	50	15	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	30	20	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	730	420	310
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	30	15	15
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	600	335	265
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	140	70	65
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	65	50	15
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	100	60	40	110	60	50	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	7,735	4,145	3,590
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	230	125	105
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	675	355	320
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	10	10	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	10	10	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	665	350	320
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	50	20	30
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	70	35	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	130	60	70
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	325	170	150
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	90	60	30
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	45	25	20
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	55	40	15
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	20	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	10	10	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	15	10	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	90	50	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	55	40	15
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	10	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	25	15	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	15	15	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	15	10	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	1,755	885	875
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	30	20	10
High German languages	10	10	0	15	10	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	1,060	560	500
German	10	10	0	15	10	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	1,040	550	500
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	35	15	25
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	10	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	675	340	335
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	115	55	60
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	550	285	265
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	25	10	15
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	90	35	55
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	50	25	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	10	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	30	15	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	60	20	35
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55	25	25	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	3,275	1,980	1,295
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	40	15	15	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	2,985	1,830	1,160
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	190	145	45
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	325	240	85
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	1,660	1,050	605
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	10	0	10
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	35	25	10
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	165	75	90
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	1,550	955	595
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	10	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	80	40	40
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	180	105	75
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	70	55	15
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	285	150	135
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	285	150	135
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	250	135	115
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	10	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	35	40	15	20	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	1,950	905	1,045
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	245	140	105
Portuguese	25	10	15	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	340	140	200
Romanian	0	0	0	20	15	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	60	25	35
Spanish	60	50	15	20	10	10	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	1,425	670	755
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	25	25	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	310	130	180
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	100	40	55
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	0	15	0	10	267,520	131,495	136,025	320	215	110
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	20	15	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	10	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	35	25	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	50	35	15
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	30	15	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	10	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	45	30	20
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	90	65	25
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	25	15	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	10	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	70	35	35
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	65	25	35
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	3,275	1,590	1,685
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	3,195	1,555	1,640
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	2,940	1,415	1,535
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	10	0	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	75	35	45
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	445	250	195
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	65	30	35
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	90	40	45
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	30	15	15
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	55	25	30
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	55	25	30
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	15	0	15
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	15	0	15
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	90	35	55
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	20	15	10
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	75	25	50
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	105	30	70
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	25	0	20
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	75	25	50
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	35	20	15
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	645	340	305	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,545	76,940
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	3,385	1,620	1,765
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	3,185	1,545	1,635
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	2,165	1,070	1,090
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	845	395	450
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	180	85	95
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	30	10	20
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	165	60	110
Non-Indigenous identity	645	340	305	440	245	200	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	147,100	71,925	75,175
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	645	340	305	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,545	76,940
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	1,460	705	765
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	645	340	305	440	245	200	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	149,020	72,840	76,180
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	140	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	44,420	...	...
Renter	250	...	...	0	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	19,990	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	165	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Condominium	40	...	...	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	1,860	...	...
Not condominium	340	...	...	145	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	62,710	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	205	...	...
1 bedroom	180	...	...	0	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	6,035	...	...
2 bedrooms	120	...	...	0	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	17,730	...	...
3 bedrooms	60	...	...	85	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	24,505	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	60	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	16,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	225	...	...	10	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	15,865	...	...
5 rooms	90	...	...	30	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	10,815	...	...
6 rooms	30	...	...	20	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	9,985	...	...
7 rooms	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	8,705	...	...
8 or more rooms	10	...	...	55	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	19,200	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.1	...	...	6.9	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
One person or fewer per room	375	...	...	140	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	63,890	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	680	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Suitable	365	...	...	140	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	62,550	...	...
Not suitable	10	...	...	0	...	...	805,650	...	...	2,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
1960 or before	260	...	...	65	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	14,795	...	...
1961 to 1980	70	...	...	65	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	16,450	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	10	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	8,110	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	8,100	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	3,870	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	4,360	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	4,100	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	4,790	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	360	...	...	135	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	59,995	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	10	...	...	919,545	...	...	4,575	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
One-maintainer household	240	...	...	35	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	32,085	...	...
Two-maintainer household	120	...	...	90	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	30,070	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	20	...	...	20	...	...	687,485	...	...	2,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	2,460	...	...
25 to 34 years	80	...	...	0	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	8,045	...	...
35 to 44 years	80	...	...	25	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	9,530	...	...
45 to 54 years	35	...	...	15	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	10,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	90	...	...	50	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	13,405	...	...
65 to 74 years	60	...	...	40	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	12,060	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	20	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	6,215	...	...
85 years and over	20	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	1,910	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	63,470	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	265	...	...	110	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	53,610	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	115	...	...	30	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	9,865	...	...
30% to less than 100%	110	...	...	30	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	8,995	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	380	...	...	145	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	64,570	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	35	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	15,305	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	100	...	...	25	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	8,855	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	0	...	...	595,110	...	...	1,690	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	0	...	...	645,465	...	...	3,630	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	190	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	805	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	125	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	15	...	...
Acceptable housing	250	...	...	105	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	49,260	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	375	...	...	145	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	62,605	...	...
In core need	65	...	...	0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	4,370	...	...
Not in core need	310	...	...	145	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	58,235	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	140	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	43,730	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	64.0	...	...	67.9	...	...	60.0	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	21.4	...	...	14.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	3.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,500	...	...	1,240	...	...	860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,460	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,031	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	530,000	...	...	420,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	255	...	...	0	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	19,985	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	11.7	...	...	18.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.3	...	...	...	...	...	33.2	...	...	30.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.5	...	...	...	...	...	20.0	...	...	14.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	830	...	...	...	...	...	1,070	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	...	...	...	1,209	...	...	996	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	165	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	272	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	650	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,540	76,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	1,680	825	850
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	1,650	820	830
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	1,415	700	710
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	170	95	75
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	70	25	45
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	3,870	1,780	2,095
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	3,795	1,740	2,060
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	2,990	1,355	1,635
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	660	315	345
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	145	65	80
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	75	45	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	60	30	30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	15	15	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	625	335	290	440	240	195	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	144,930	70,935	74,000
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	650	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,480	73,540	76,940
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	600	320	280	425	235	195	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	138,690	67,315	71,375
Canadian citizens aged under 18	85	30	50	75	45	30	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	26,690	13,640	13,045
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	515	285	225	350	185	165	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	112,005	53,670	58,330
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	50	20	25	0	0	0	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	11,795	6,225	5,565
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	650	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,480	73,540	76,940
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	505	265	245	230	125	95	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	133,285	64,765	68,520
Immigrants⁸¹	130	60	60	215	110	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	11,765	5,740	6,025
Before 1980	20	0	10	35	20	20	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	2,170	1,000	1,170
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	40	25	15	924,320	443,805	480,520	720	365	355
1991 to 2000	25	15	10	50	25	30	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	710	300	415
2001 to 2010	35	20	15	45	20	30	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	1,685	810	875
2011 to 2021⁸²	45	20	25	30	25	10	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6,475	3,260	3,210
2011 to 2015	20	10	15	25	20	10	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	1,615	815	800
2016 to 2021	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	4,860	2,445	2,410
Non-permanent residents⁸³	15	15	0	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365	5,430	3,040	2,395
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	130	65	65	215	110	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	11,765	5,740	6,025
Under 5 years	20	10	10	10	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	1,130	560	570
5 to 14 years	15	15	0	35	20	15	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	2,420	1,285	1,130
15 to 24 years	10	10	0	20	10	0	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	1,905	940	970
25 to 44 years	75	30	45	130	70	65	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	4,900	2,190	2,710
45 years and over	0	0	0	20	0	10	797,180	364,260	432,920	1,405	765	640
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	130	65	65	215	110	100	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	11,765	5,740	6,025
Americas	35	25	15	50	20	25	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	1,830	830	1,000
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	85	40	50
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	40	10	30
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	40	20	15
Guyana	0	0	0	20	10	15	85,530	37,870	47,660	15	15	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10	10	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	130	65	60
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	50	10	35
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	15	0	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	25	10	15
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	1,170	505	665
Other places of birth in Americas	30	15	10	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	260	150	105
Europe	50	15	30	45	30	20	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	3,275	1,630	1,645
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	55	25	30
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	20	20	0
France	15	0	15	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	110	40	70
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	185	90	100
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	45	20	20
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	75	35	35
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	430	240	185
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	100	50	45
Portugal	15	0	10	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	80	45	35
Romania	0	0	0	25	10	10	86,770	40,820	45,955	35	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	105	45	60
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	75	40	35
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	1,385	670	710
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	575	290	285
Africa	25	20	10	40	25	15	821,735	412,365	409,375	625	320	310
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	15	0	15
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	55	25	25
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	10	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	60	30	25
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	110	55	60
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	25	15	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	120	55	65
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	10	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	220	120	95
Asia	20	0	15	85	45	45	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	5,965	2,920	3,040
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	185	110	80
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	55	35	20
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	140	85	55
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	400	210	185
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	25	10	10
China⁹⁰	20	0	15	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	1,675	820	855
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	125	80	45
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	40	15	30
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	155	65	90
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	1,015	390	620
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	525	265	260
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	90	55	35
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	835	475	360
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	85	45	35
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15	10	10	136,240	66,215	70,030	70	35	30
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	15	10	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	530	225	305
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	70	40	35
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	4,860	2,450	2,410
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	465	210	250
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	50	30	20
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	35	15	25
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	110	45	60
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	30	10	15
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	140	45	95
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	100	60	35
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	445	210	230
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	45	25	15
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	15	10	10
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	35	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	45	20	30
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	35	20	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	130	65	70
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	135	70	70
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	270	135	130
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	30	20	15
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	10	0	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	85	40	45
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	30	10	15
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	65	40	25
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	3,660	1,880	1,780
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	50	25	20
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	1,170	595	575
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	70	45	30
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	665	390	280
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	10	0	10
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	40	25	15
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	10	10	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	20	15	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	30	20	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	20	10	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	15	10	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	630	255	370
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	25	15	10
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	30	20	15
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	220	125	95
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	10	0	10
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	55	15	35
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	470	240	230
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	115	55	65
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	25	10	10
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	20	10	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	645	340	310	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,485	73,545	76,940
First generation¹⁰⁰	140	80	65	215	115	105	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	18,220	9,240	8,975
Second generation¹⁰¹	90	45	50	115	80	30	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	9,775	4,825	4,950
Third generation or more¹⁰²	410	220	190	115	50	65	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	122,495	59,475	63,020
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	110	60	55	180	95	85	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	9,595	4,740	4,855
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	70	35	40	100	60	40	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	7,100	3,605	3,495
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	40	10	25	35	25	10	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	2,925	1,635	1,285
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	30	20	10	70	35	35	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	4,175	1,975	2,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	30	20	0	70	25	40	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	1,420	585	835
Refugees¹⁰⁸	10	0	10	10	10	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	1,010	510	505
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	60	35	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	110	60	55	180	95	85	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	9,595	4,740	4,855
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	0	10	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	50	20	30
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	10	10	0	25	15	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	1,525	740	785
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	370	170	200
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	15	0	10	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	915	505	405
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	25	15	15
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	35	35	145	75	70	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	6,710	3,290	3,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	645	340	310	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,485	73,545	76,940
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	70	45	255	135	115	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	14,310	7,420	6,890
South Asian	0	0	0	60	30	30	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	3,735	2,290	1,450
Chinese	25	0	20	20	10	10	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	3,335	1,615	1,730
Black	35	25	10	60	35	30	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	1,815	990	825
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	1,760	725	1,035
Arab	20	20	0	50	35	15	694,015	362,845	331,170	1,125	605	520
Latin American	20	20	0	10	0	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	585	285	300
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	1,040	485	555
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	295	170	125
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	120	60	60
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	190	50	140
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	20	10	15	172,885	83,310	89,580	125	65	60
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	170	90	80
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	530	265	260	185	100	85	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	136,175	66,125	70,055
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	645	340	305	440	240	195	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	150,485	73,540	76,940
Canadian	160	80	80	50	35	20	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	22,825	11,140	11,680
English	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	36,050	17,210	18,840
Irish	10	10	0	15	10	0	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	41,845	19,570	22,275
Scottish	35	15	20	0	0	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	51,235	24,155	27,085
French, n.o.s.¹²²	110	65	45	35	25	15	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	21,355	10,150	11,200
German	15	10	0	25	20	0	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	7,175	3,390	3,785
Chinese	25	10	20	15	10	10	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	3,050	1,450	1,600
Italian	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	1,655	830	830
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	2,280	1,440	840
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	1,050	525	520
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	4,465	2,205	2,260
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	1,055	445	610
Québécois	75	40	30	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510	195	110	85
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	20	10	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	3,170	1,575	1,600
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	1,600	675	925
French Canadian	80	35	45	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	970	440	530
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	35	15	20	25	10	15	691,260	347,080	344,175	6,135	2,975	3,165
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	0	10	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	1,705	765	935
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	915	445	470
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	25	10	15	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	2,230	1,065	1,170
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	545	235	305
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	620	260	365
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	2,495	1,235	1,260
Portuguese	20	10	10	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	425	215	205
American	0	0	0	10	10	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	1,080	505	570
Spanish	30	25	10	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	565	285	270
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	420	160	260
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	425	210	220
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	8,265	3,935	4,330
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	110	70	40
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	485	230	250
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	260	135	115
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	420	195	225
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	730	350	380
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	15	10	10	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	485	270	215
Greek	10	0	0	15	15	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	220	115	105
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	300	160	140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	415	225	190
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	100	50	50
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	130	60	70
Romanian	0	0	0	15	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	110	45	65
Lebanese	0	0	0	15	10	10	210,605	107,990	102,615	715	365	350
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	205	110	100
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	560	270	280
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	685	345	350
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	725	350	375
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	230	145	75
Austrian	0	0	0	10	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	190	80	110
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	340	155	185
Haitian	10	10	0	10	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	30	25	10
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	285	200	90
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	255	160	95
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	15	15	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	505	260	240
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	110	30	80
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	100	60	40
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	130	70	55
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	250	85	165
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	145	80	60
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	1,560	730	835
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	355	170	190
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	40	15	25
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	85	35	50
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	125	45	80
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	135	75	55
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	60	15	40
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	70	40	25
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	110	50	65
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	390	190	200
Guyanese	0	0	0	20	10	15	97,210	46,270	50,940	50	35	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	205	105	100
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	55	40	15
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	70	25	50
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	375	200	170
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	200	110	85
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	150	75	75
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	60	35	25
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	30	10	15
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	50	30	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	255	110	145
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	110	85	25
Algerian	15	15	0	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	160	65	95
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	185	90	90
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	25	20	10
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	90	45	45
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	120	55	65
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	60	40	20
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	170	75	100
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	30	15	15
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	20	10	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	25	20	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	115	65	50
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	60	35	25
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	65	35	30
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	35	10	25
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	45	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	95	20	75
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	65	40	30
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	120	60	60
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	90	60	40
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	55	40	15
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	20	10	10
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	250	105	145
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	10	10	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	60	30	25
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	10	0	10
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	110	65	45
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	105	55	50
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	60	50	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	20	10	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	55	35	20
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	125	45	80
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	175	90	85
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	50	30	20
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	90	45	45
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	50	20	30
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	40	20	15
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	65	20	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	65	35	30
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	45	25	20
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	10	10	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	15	10	10
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	115	60	60
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	20	10	15
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	10	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	30	10	20
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	30	20	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	25	20	10
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	20	10	15
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	110	60	55
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	25	20	10
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	15	0	10
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	20	10	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	10	10	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	25	15	10
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	40	15	25
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	195	75	120
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	15	10	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	10	10	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	25	15	10
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	20	10	10
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	130	70	60
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	20	0	20
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	10	10	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	130	70	60
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	70	45	20
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	10	10	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	20	20	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	15	15	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	45	20	25
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	15	0	10
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	50	20	30
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	15	15	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	25	0	20
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	10	10	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	10	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	25	15	10
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	15	0	15
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	25	15	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	10	10	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	25	15	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	85	35	45
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	15	15	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	15	15	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	65	40	30
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	35	10	30
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	10	10	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	50	30	20
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	10	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	60	30	25
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	100	70	30
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	15	15	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	35	20	15
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	20	10	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	80	40	40
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	15	10	10
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	25	0	20
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	20	10	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	65	30	35
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	3,150	1,490	1,660
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	15	10	10
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	10	0	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	15	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	70	25	45
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	30	15	10
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	645	340	305	440	245	200	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	150,480	73,545	76,940
Buddhist	0	0	0	10	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	755	315	435
Christian	310	160	150	250	140	110	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	101,755	47,920	53,830
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	25	10	60	30	25	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	9,195	4,485	4,705
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	170	120	55
Anglican	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	5,025	2,250	2,770
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	4,700	2,140	2,560
Catholic	230	115	115	130	70	60	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	51,790	24,740	27,040
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	45	35	10	623,010	301,055	321,955	400	205	200
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	485	210	275
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	175	75	100
Lutheran	0	0	0	10	10	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	245	105	140
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	785	360	420
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	1,010	485	520
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	6,520	3,095	3,425
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	325	145	180
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	14,635	6,565	8,070
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	10	10	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	6,300	2,945	3,350
Hindu	0	0	0	30	10	15	828,195	430,135	398,060	1,245	835	410
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	165	80	85
Muslim	30	25	0	80	45	30	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	1,720	985	735
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	1,165	685	485
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	75	30	45
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	765	295	470
No religion and secular perspectives	305	160	145	60	30	30	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	42,830	22,390	20,445
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	645	335	305	440	240	195	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	149,245	72,945	76,300
Non-movers	585	300	285	410	225	190	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	130,455	63,805	66,650
Movers	55	35	20	25	20	10	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	18,785	9,135	9,650
Non-migrants	35	20	10	25	20	10	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	9,310	4,530	4,775
Migrants	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	9,480	4,605	4,870
Internal migrants	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	8,185	4,000	4,180
Intraprovincial migrants	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	4,225	2,000	2,225
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	3,960	2,005	1,955
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	1,300	605	690
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	615	325	290	415	230	185	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	143,735	70,150	73,585
Non-movers	380	200	180	335	185	150	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	84,530	41,055	43,480
Movers	235	125	105	80	45	35	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	59,205	29,090	30,110
Non-migrants	145	75	70	55	40	20	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	15,485	7,600	7,890
Migrants	90	50	35	25	10	15	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	43,720	21,500	22,220
Internal migrants	60	25	35	25	10	15	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	35,150	16,985	18,165
Intraprovincial migrants	50	15	35	25	10	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	22,795	10,800	11,995
Interprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	12,355	6,180	6,170
External migrants	35	25	0	0	0	0	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	8,565	4,510	4,055
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	315	255	365	190	175	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	126,900	61,450	65,450
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	110	70	40	35	15	15	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	22,245	13,000	9,245
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	455	245	215	330	170	160	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	104,655	48,455	56,205
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	210	210	230	105	120	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	77,465	37,375	40,090
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65	35	30	10	0	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	7,870	5,190	2,680
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	360	170	180	220	105	120	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	69,595	32,185	37,410
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	565	310	255	370	190	180	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,895	61,450	65,445
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	60	40	35	20	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	20,385	11,710	8,675
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	100	65	35	130	60	70	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	35,980	18,305	17,675
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	360	180	180	205	115	90	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	70,530	31,435	39,095
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	155	105	50	110	70	40	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	42,635	19,625	23,015
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	50	35	15	20	15	0	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	8,245	6,125	2,125
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	20	15	10	10	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	4,255	2,815	1,435
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	3,990	3,305	690
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	50	25	70	40	30	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	31,135	12,375	18,760
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	15	10	20	20	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	3,260	1,125	2,130
Bachelor's degree or higher	210	75	125	95	45	50	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	27,890	11,810	16,080
Bachelor's degree	145	45	100	60	25	35	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	18,950	7,885	11,060
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	10	0	15	0	10	556,510	243,200	313,310	1,510	630	880
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	700	335	365
Master's degree	40	20	20	25	15	10	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	5,930	2,465	3,465
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	800	495	305
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	420	205	215	225	105	125	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	77,465	37,375	40,090
No certificate, diploma or degree	60	25	30	10	0	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	7,070	4,590	2,480
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	45	25	80	30	45	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	20,245	10,890	9,350
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	300	140	155	145	70	75	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	50,155	21,900	28,255
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	70	40	65	40	25	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	28,955	13,375	15,580
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	30	20	10	0	0	0	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	5,140	3,920	1,220
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	2,525	1,750	775
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	2,615	2,170	445
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	40	25	50	25	20	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	21,955	8,775	13,180
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20	10	10	15	10	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	1,865	680	1,180
Bachelor's degree or higher	185	70	115	75	30	50	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	21,195	8,525	12,670
Bachelor's degree	125	35	90	45	10	35	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	14,335	5,735	8,600
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	0	10	0	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	1,035	420	610
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	545	225	325
Master's degree	40	20	20	20	15	0	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	4,685	1,795	2,890
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	10	10	0	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	595	350	245
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	565	310	255	365	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	126,900	61,450	65,450
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	205	130	75	160	80	90	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	56,370	30,015	26,350
Education	20	10	15	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	5,125	1,330	3,790
13. Education	20	10	15	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	5,125	1,330	3,790
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	25	15	10	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	1,660	725	945
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	125	95	35
50. Visual and performing arts	20	15	0	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	1,535	630	910
Humanities	20	20	0	20	10	10	926,560	354,120	572,440	3,485	1,505	1,985
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	200	25	175
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	885	305	580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	775	290	485
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	75	25	50
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	290	170	120
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	475	260	220
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	660	400	260
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	135	35	100
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	10	60	25	15	0	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	6,600	1,915	4,680
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	115	20	90
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	0	30	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	660	250	420
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	1,485	85	1,400
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	1,075	275	795
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	110	40	70
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	1,315	345	965
45. Social sciences	25	10	15	0	0	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	1,850	910	940
Business, management and public administration	100	40	65	30	10	15	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	17,515	5,810	11,705
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	35	0	30
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	1,610	310	1,300
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	95	40	55	30	10	15	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	15,870	5,500	10,375
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	2,865	1,220	1,640
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	1,405	635	770
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	790	270	520
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	45	0	35
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	535	305	230
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	90	10	80
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	25	20	0	25	15	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	2,905	1,955	945
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	15	15	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	2,590	1,830	760
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	115	10	105
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	99,360	57,560	41,800	180	110	75
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	10	0	10
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	55	45	10	65	55	10	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	12,630	11,710	920
04. Architecture and related services	15	10	10	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	300	190	115
14. Engineering	10	10	0	25	20	10	900,475	723,080	177,395	1,710	1,455	255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20	20	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	2,460	2,155	310
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	20	0	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	3,740	3,660	85
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	2,765	2,695	65
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	1,650	1,560	90
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	2,285	1,290	990
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	1,705	940	765
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	580	350	230
Health and related fields	25	10	15	30	0	20	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	11,310	1,710	9,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	740	390	350
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	10	15	30	0	20	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	10,360	1,215	9,145
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	40	0	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	165	105	60
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	4,145	2,255	1,890
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	2,300	640	1,660
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	10	10	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	75	65	15
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	690	535	155
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	1,065	1,005	65
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	420	210	215	230	110	125	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	77,465	37,380	40,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	65	55	90	40	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	27,315	15,475	11,835
Education	20	10	15	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	3,205	805	2,395
13. Education	20	10	15	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	3,205	805	2,395
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	10	10	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	1,190	520	665
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	110	75	35
50. Visual and performing arts	15	10	0	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	1,075	445	635
Humanities	15	15	0	10	0	10	649,695	241,235	408,465	2,420	955	1,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	140	20	120
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	675	215	460
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	545	205	335
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	50	10	40
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	195	110	85
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	290	130	155
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	430	235	195
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	105	35	70
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	10	45	20	10	10	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	5,015	1,340	3,675
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	85	20	65
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	0	25	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	515	180	335
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	1,085	40	1,045
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	860	175	680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	75	10	60
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	1,030	270	765
45. Social sciences	15	10	10	0	0	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	1,370	640	725
Business, management and public administration	95	35	60	15	0	10	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	12,520	4,065	8,460
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	30	0	25
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	1,215	250	960
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	35	50	15	0	10	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	11,280	3,805	7,470
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	1,925	785	1,140
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	980	415	570
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	525	165	360
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	30	0	25
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	360	200	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	35	0	35
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	20	10	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	2,180	1,480	695
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	15	10	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	1,990	1,405	580
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	75	10	65
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	115	65	50
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	35	10	45	35	10	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	8,795	8,035	760
04. Architecture and related services	15	0	10	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	220	115	105
14. Engineering	10	10	0	20	15	10	724,235	568,385	155,850	1,305	1,080	215
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	10	10	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	1,720	1,480	235
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	2,570	2,510	65
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	1,865	1,805	65
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	1,120	1,045	70
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	1,645	860	785
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	1,200	590	605
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	445	270	180
Health and related fields	10	0	10	25	0	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	8,175	1,375	6,800
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	550	310	235
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	10	25	0	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	7,480	1,000	6,480
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	40	0	35
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	105	55	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	3,085	1,675	1,410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	1,725	490	1,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	45	45	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	565	435	130
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	750	700	50
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	420	210	215	230	110	125	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	77,465	37,380	40,090
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	65	55	90	40	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	27,315	15,475	11,835
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	295	140	160	145	70	75	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	50,155	21,900	28,255
Location of study inside Canada	245	115	130	85	45	40	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	44,390	19,190	25,190
Same as province or territory of residence	240	110	130	80	40	40	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	28,780	12,385	16,395
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	15,610	6,810	8,800
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	50	20	30	60	20	30	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	5,770	2,705	3,060
Americas	10	0	0	0	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775	1,075	475	600
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	745	325	425
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	80	35	50
Cuba	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	10	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	60	30	25
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	75	35	40
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	15	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	90	45	45
Europe	30	10	10	25	10	10	543,725	281,205	262,520	975	540	435
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	40	15	20
France	15	10	10	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	65	30	35
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	45	20	25
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	90	60	30
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	15	0	15
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	15	10	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	15	10	0
Romania	0	0	0	15	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	10	0	10
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	55	25	25
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	45	25	20
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	30	15	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	405	255	155
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	10	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	110	40	65
Africa	15	10	0	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	175	95	85
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	30	15	15
Algeria	10	0	0	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	10	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	25	20	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	55	25	30
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	55	25	25
Asia	0	0	0	25	0	20	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	3,450	1,555	1,900
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	75	40	35
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	25	20	10
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	10	0	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	55	30	25
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	15	10	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	1,005	450	550
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	125	45	75
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	120	60	55
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	65	10	50
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	30	15	20
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	710	260	450
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	265	120	140
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	35	10	25
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	30	20	20
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	720	400	320
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	35	20	15
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	130	30	100
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	90	45	45
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	80	30	45
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	10	10	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	570	310	255	370	190	180	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	126,895	61,450	65,445
In the labour force	395	210	180	220	115	105	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	83,500	42,850	40,645
Employed	380	195	180	215	110	105	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	74,870	38,215	36,655
Unemployed	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	8,625	4,640	3,985
Not in the labour force	175	100	75	150	75	75	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	43,400	18,600	24,805
Participation rate	69.3	67.7	70.6	59.5	60.5	58.3	63.7	67.7	59.8	65.8	69.7	62.1
Employment rate	66.7	62.9	70.6	58.1	57.9	58.3	57.1	60.9	53.4	59.0	62.2	56.0
Unemployment rate	3.8	7.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10.3	9.9	10.7	10.3	10.8	9.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	565	310	255	365	190	180	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	126,900	61,450	65,450
Did not work¹⁸⁶	155	85	75	140	65	70	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	42,395	18,215	24,180
Worked	410	225	185	230	120	105	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	84,500	43,235	41,270
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	200	110	90	115	65	50	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	42,150	22,300	19,850
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	210	115	90	115	60	60	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	42,355	20,935	21,420
Average weeks worked in reference year	43.0	42.6	43.6	40.0	39.6	40.8	41.0	41.7	40.3	39.6	39.5	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	390	210	185	220	115	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	83,500	42,855	40,645
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	1,550	770	785
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	390	210	185	220	115	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	81,950	42,080	39,865
Employee	340	170	170	185	85	100	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	71,500	35,120	36,380
Permanent position	310	155	150	175	85	95	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	51,320	24,920	26,400
Temporary position	30	15	15	10	0	0	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	20,185	10,200	9,985
Fixed term (1 year or more)	0	0	0	0	0	0	867,740	386,965	480,775	4,005	1,745	2,265
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	15	10	0	0	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	16,175	8,455	7,720
Self-employed¹⁹²	55	40	15	30	30	0	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	10,445	6,960	3,485
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	390	210	185	220	115	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	83,500	42,855	40,645
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	1,550	770	785
All occupations¹⁹¹	390	210	185	220	115	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	81,950	42,080	39,865
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	830	505	325
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	75	20	55	45	10	35	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	12,330	3,500	8,825
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	25	0	35	35	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	5,040	3,685	1,355
3 Health occupations	20	0	15	20	0	20	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	6,815	1,020	5,790
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	70	30	35	15	0	10	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	10,090	2,990	7,095
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	40	25	15	0	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	1,855	875	985
6 Sales and service occupations	105	55	45	55	25	25	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	19,750	8,170	11,575
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	45	40	0	35	35	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	14,165	13,110	1,060
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	6,760	5,385	1,370
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	15	15	0	10	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	4,330	2,840	1,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	390	210	185	220	115	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	83,500	42,855	40,645
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	1,550	770	785
All industries¹⁹¹	390	210	185	220	115	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	81,950	42,080	39,865
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	7,530	5,680	1,845
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	200	190	10
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	320	250	75
23 Construction	25	25	0	15	15	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	6,690	6,035	660
31-33 Manufacturing	35	25	0	25	15	10	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	6,760	4,600	2,155
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	15	10	0	610,295	406,960	203,335	1,395	1,045	350
44-45 Retail trade	25	15	15	25	10	15	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	8,960	4,180	4,780
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	0	10	10	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	2,695	2,080	615
51 Information and cultural industries	15	0	15	15	15	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	775	435	340
52 Finance and insurance	25	10	15	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	1,845	705	1,140
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	10	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	920	540	380
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	40	25	15	10	10	0	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	4,280	2,320	1,960
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	95	35	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	10	0	10	792,600	457,880	334,725	2,975	1,750	1,225
61 Educational services	55	30	30	15	0	10	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	6,100	1,915	4,190
62 Health care and social assistance	65	20	45	40	0	35	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	10,455	1,685	8,775
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	10	0	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	1,705	960	740
72 Accommodation and food services	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	5,480	2,170	3,315
81 Other services (except public administration)	20	0	20	20	15	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	3,655	1,740	1,915
91 Public administration	15	10	10	10	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	9,105	3,765	5,340
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	420	230	190	235	120	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	90,300	46,115	44,185
English	30	15	15	70	35	35	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	85,630	44,185	41,445
French	265	140	125	30	15	15	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	725	235	495
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	355	175	175
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	355	175	175
English and French	125	80	45	130	70	55	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	2,475	925	1,550
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	1,065	575	490
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	30	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	15	0	10
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	420	230	190	235	120	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	90,300	46,115	44,185
Single responses	410	220	190	195	100	90	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	89,790	45,860	43,925
Official languages	405	220	185	195	100	90	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	89,165	45,565	43,595
English	45	25	20	125	65	65	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	87,960	45,185	42,775
French	360	195	160	65	40	25	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	1,205	380	825
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	625	295	325
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	620	295	325
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	15	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	15	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	15	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	55	40	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	55	40	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	10	0	10
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	10	0	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	120	80	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	90	60	30
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	55	40	15
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	55	40	15
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	30	20	15
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440	30	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	15	15	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	10	10	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	10	10	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	10	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	10	0	10
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	405	165	240
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	395	155	240
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	355	135	220
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	25	10	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220	10	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	10	10	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	40	15	20	453,880	231,205	222,675	510	260	260
English and French	10	10	0	40	15	20	321,975	163,305	158,675	225	85	145
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	280	165	115
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	10	10	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	420	230	190	235	120	110	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	90,300	46,115	44,185
None	305	165	140	140	70	75	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	87,190	44,825	42,360
English	95	55	40	35	20	10	902,625	474,755	427,875	720	270	455
French	15	10	0	60	30	25	589,755	288,955	300,800	1,780	695	1,085
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	500	280	215
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	475	275	200
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	15	0	15
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	25	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	70	30	40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	375	195	185	215	110	105	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	74,875	38,215	36,660
Worked at home	130	70	60	55	30	20	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	11,180	5,325	5,855
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	170	110	60
No fixed workplace address	30	25	0	10	10	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	10,805	8,300	2,515
Usual place of work	220	100	120	145	65	80	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	52,715	24,485	28,230
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	220	95	120	145	65	80	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	52,720	24,485	28,235
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	175	65	110	95	40	55	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	21,715	9,930	11,785
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	0	45	15	25	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	24,575	11,155	13,425
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35	25	10	10	10	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	4,985	2,695	2,290
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	1,440	705	730
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	250	125	125	155	80	85	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	63,525	32,780	30,740
Car, truck or van	125	60	65	155	80	75	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	58,720	30,460	28,255
Car, truck or van - as a driver	125	60	65	140	70	65	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	53,830	28,505	25,330
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	15	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050	4,880	1,955	2,925
Public transit	95	45	50	0	0	0	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	890	415	470
Walked	25	0	15	0	0	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	2,670	1,245	1,425
Bicycle	10	10	0	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	170	105	55
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	1,085	545	530
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	250	125	125	155	80	85	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	63,525	32,780	30,740
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	20	0	0	0	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	29,520	14,480	15,045
15 to 29 minutes	60	15	45	75	25	50	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	21,585	11,075	10,505
30 to 44 minutes	75	50	25	25	15	15	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	7,555	4,120	3,440
45 to 59 minutes	50	20	25	45	30	15	910,610	542,485	368,125	2,890	1,740	1,145
60 minutes and over	30	20	10	10	0	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	1,975	1,370	605
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	250	125	125	155	80	85	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	63,525	32,780	30,740
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35	25	10	20	20	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	3,485	2,365	1,120
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	40	25	15	25	15	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	10,915	6,490	4,420
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	45	25	20	70	25	35	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	21,490	11,240	10,240
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	15	50	30	10	15	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	13,300	5,400	7,900
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	20	10	0	0	0	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	5,725	2,345	3,380
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	20	10	0	0	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	8,605	4,930	3,675
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	110	55	50	75	40	30	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	29,300	14,995	14,310
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	35	20	20	897,205	456,120	441,085	2,870	1,395	1,475
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	105	55	45	40	30	15	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	26,435	13,600	12,835
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	80	40	35	65	40	25	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	22,030	11,245	10,785
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	30	15	15	682,190	346,420	335,770	2,230	1,055	1,175
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	30	15	10	467,685	234,475	233,215	1,435	655	780
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	790	400	395
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	40	35	35	25	15	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	19,795	10,195	9,605

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 6, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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