Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661994More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24662518More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24661279More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	467	...	...	399	...	...	1,762,949	...	...	367	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.4	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	266	...	...	450	...	...	878,542	...	...	296	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	256	...	...	186	...	...	816,338	...	...	230	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	15,261.4	...	...	2,007.0	...	...	4,833.5	...	...	22,108.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	0.20	...	...	364.74	...	...	0.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	470	250	220	395	175	225	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	370	210	160
0 to 14 years	65	40	25	45	20	25	270,430	138,255	132,170	10	5	5
0 to 4 years	25	15	15	20	10	10	88,670	45,335	43,335	5	5	0
5 to 9 years	20	15	5	10	5	5	93,325	47,700	45,620	5	5	0
10 to 14 years	20	15	5	15	10	10	88,435	45,220	43,215	0	0	0
15 to 64 years	335	180	155	195	100	100	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	330	190	140
15 to 19 years	20	15	10	20	10	10	82,475	41,675	40,805	30	10	15
20 to 24 years	25	15	5	30	15	10	125,235	63,220	62,015	110	55	55
25 to 29 years	55	20	35	5	5	5	153,995	77,680	76,315	75	55	25
30 to 34 years	50	25	25	10	5	5	146,855	73,810	73,040	30	15	15
35 to 39 years	40	20	20	10	5	5	135,880	67,835	68,040	15	10	10
40 to 44 years	35	20	15	20	10	10	127,165	63,885	63,285	15	15	5
45 to 49 years	25	10	10	20	10	15	110,130	55,495	54,630	10	5	5
50 to 54 years	30	20	10	20	10	10	105,545	54,115	51,435	15	5	5
55 to 59 years	35	20	15	25	10	10	108,040	55,305	52,730	20	15	10
60 to 64 years	25	15	10	35	15	20	101,725	50,055	51,670	15	10	5
65 years and over	70	30	40	155	60	100	295,475	126,635	168,845	25	20	10
65 to 69 years	25	15	15	40	15	25	85,025	40,115	44,915	5	5	5
70 to 74 years	20	5	15	50	20	30	72,300	32,855	39,445	10	5	5
75 to 79 years	10	0	5	45	15	25	52,720	22,645	30,075	5	5	5
80 to 84 years	10	5	0	10	5	10	39,395	15,780	23,610	5	0	0
85 years and over	5	0	5	15	0	15	46,035	15,250	30,790	0	0	0
85 to 89 years	0	0	0	5	5	5	27,835	10,185	17,655	0	0	0
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	5	0	0	14,360	4,155	10,205	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	90	375	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	16.0	11.4	11.4	11.4	11.1	15.3	15.9	14.8	2.7	2.4	3.1
15 to 64 years	71.3	72.0	70.5	49.4	57.1	44.4	67.9	69.5	66.4	89.2	90.5	87.5
65 years and over	14.9	12.0	18.2	39.2	34.3	44.4	16.8	14.6	18.9	6.8	9.5	6.3
85 years and over	1.1	0.0	2.3	3.8	0.0	6.7	2.6	1.8	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0
Average age of the population	39.5	38.6	40.4	51.1	48.2	53.4	40.6	39.5	41.7	33.3	34.6	31.4
Median age of the population	38.0	38.0	38.0	58.4	54.4	61.6	38.8	38.0	39.6	26.8	27.4	25.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	255	...	...	190	...	...	816,340	...	...	230	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	65	...	...	58,065	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	10	...	...	25,740	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	10	...	...	26,175	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	10	...	...	107,565	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	185	...	...	85	...	...	464,420	...	...	115	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0	...	...	130,615	...	...	100	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	5	...	...	3,350	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	415	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	255	...	...	185	...	...	816,335	...	...	230	...	...
1 person	120	...	...	65	...	...	341,345	...	...	140	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	75	...	...	242,175	...	...	55	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	20	...	...	103,550	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	25	...	...	82,715	...	...	10	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	10	...	...	46,560	...	...	0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	470	250	220	400	175	225	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	365	205	155
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.1	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	400	205	190	355	155	200	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	355	205	150
Married or living common-law	175	90	85	210	105	110	705,905	356,290	349,615	80	45	40
Married	70	35	35	115	60	55	475,835	239,100	236,735	65	35	35
Living common-law	105	50	50	90	45	50	230,070	117,190	112,880	20	10	10
Living common law - Never married	100	50	50	55	25	30	196,170	99,370	96,795	15	5	5
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,885	1,655	1,230	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	0	5	35	20	15	28,550	15,015	13,530	5	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	225	120	105	140	50	90	786,615	373,420	413,195	275	165	110
Not married and not living common law - Never married	165	95	75	80	45	40	572,045	304,055	267,990	255	155	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	0	5	0	5	31,535	13,590	17,945	0	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	15	20	30	5	20	113,315	41,760	71,560	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	10	5	25	0	25	69,720	14,020	55,700	0	0	0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	120	...	...	115	...	...	428,615	...	...	45	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	70	...	...	221,015	...	...	30	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	20	...	...	92,715	...	...	10	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	25	...	...	77,780	...	...	5	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	5	...	...	37,105	...	...	0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	120	...	...	428,610	...	...	45	...	...
Total couple families	85	...	...	105	...	...	338,830	...	...	40	...	...
Married couples	30	...	...	55	...	...	223,910	...	...	30	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	25	...	...	133,435	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	30	...	...	90,475	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	55	...	...	45	...	...	114,915	...	...	10	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	20	...	...	41,490	...	...	0	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	30	...	...	73,430	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	10	...	...	89,785	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	5	...	...	72,595	...	...	5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	5	...	...	17,190	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	470	245	215	400	175	225	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	360	200	155
Total - Persons in census families	310	170	140	325	165	165	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	105	55	50
Married spouses or common-law partners	170	90	85	210	105	105	677,655	341,670	335,985	80	40	40
Parents in one-parent families	35	15	20	15	10	10	89,785	17,190	72,595	0	0	0
Children⁶	105	70	35	105	55	50	463,940	243,975	219,965	20	15	10
In a two-parent family	60	40	25	85	40	45	329,670	172,390	157,285	20	10	5
In a one-parent family	40	30	10	20	15	5	134,270	71,585	62,680	5	5	5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	160	80	80	75	15	60	491,830	248,740	243,090	255	150	100
Living alone	120	65	60	65	5	60	341,350	165,410	175,935	145	90	50
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	0	0	0	45,070	20,400	24,670	5	5	5
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	20	10	0	5	105,415	62,925	42,485	105	60	45
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	255	...	...	185	...	...	816,335	...	...	230	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	115	...	...	115	...	...	394,155	...	...	45	...	...
Couple-family households	85	...	...	105	...	...	317,105	...	...	40	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	40	...	...	163,645	...	...	10	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	60	...	...	153,460	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	15	...	...	77,045	...	...	5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	0	...	...	11,240	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,730	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	14,975	...	...	0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	15	...	...	5	...	...	52,900	...	...	40	...	...
One-person households	120	...	...	60	...	...	341,345	...	...	145	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	400	210	195	355	155	195	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	350	195	150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	395	205	185	350	155	195	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	300	175	120
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	41,200	38,800	63,600	74,000	61,200	36,800	38,800	35,600	22,600	24,800	20,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	395	205	185	350	155	195	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	300	175	120
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	36,000	34,000	49,600	54,800	48,800	33,200	34,400	32,400	22,200	23,000	19,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	365	195	175	340	150	190	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	265	155	105
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	29,000	52,800	68,500	49,200	30,200	34,000	26,600	17,200	18,800	15,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	165	140	215	110	105	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	195	125	65
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,000	33,200	55,200	70,500	36,400	32,400	35,200	29,400	11,300	11,700	10,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	170	175	265	105	160	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	255	150	105
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,900	7,600	11,200	14,200	13,800	14,700	10,700	9,500	11,900	5,640	6,000	5,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	55	30	25	15	5	10	157,000	78,185	78,815	20	15	5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,840	5,920	x	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,640	4,240	x	x
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	140	80	60	60	30	25	472,820	247,320	225,500	115	70	45
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	6,240	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	6,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	395	210	185	360	140	210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	335	175	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	205	185	350	140	205	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	260	145	115
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	44,000	48,000	79,600	104,000	62,000	50,120	55,450	45,000	43,200	45,000	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	205	185	350	140	205	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	260	145	115
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	37,200	41,200	56,000	73,000	44,000	40,680	43,560	37,880	36,400	38,000	34,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	195	175	325	130	195	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	225	140	85
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	35,600	37,600	74,800	106,000	54,000	45,560	52,350	38,800	39,200	39,500	38,500
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325	180	150	195	80	115	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	175	115	60
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	34,800	38,000	70,000	104,000	45,000	46,120	51,700	40,200	33,600	32,500	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	345	175	170	290	105	180	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	245	140	105
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,720	10,700	12,700	13,000	11,800	13,700	12,020	10,830	13,080	8,600	7,100	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75	45	35	25	0	0	156,980	78,065	78,920	25	20	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,000	9,000	8,000	...	...	6,800	6,070	7,510	4,800	5,000	...
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	95	65	50	25	30	471,875	247,465	224,410	100	50	50
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,400	8,400	6,600	6,800	6,400	9,130	9,180	9,080	8,600	9,600	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	395	210	185	355	145	215	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	330	175	160
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	150	90	55	80	40	35	452,020	244,470	207,545	50	35	15
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	44,800	42,800	62,000	87,000	121,000	86,000	58,400	61,600	55,200	39,600	x	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	47,000	46,000	50,000	116,000	150,000	85,000	74,000	81,500	65,100	54,000	56,000	45,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	155	75	80	85	30	55	450,610	222,280	228,330	100	60	40
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	15,800	28,600	27,600	x	18,000	16,400	17,400	15,600	25,200	24,000	26,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,600	25,000	33,500	50,000	80,000	32,000	26,120	28,320	24,020	27,600	25,000	33,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.5	79.0	75.0	87.0	92.0	80.0	79.8	84.4	74.4	82.0	84.0	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.5	71.0	64.0	49.0	58.0	40.0	67.4	71.8	62.1	53.0	58.0	48.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.2	21.2	25.2	13.4	8.4	19.2	20.2	15.7	25.5	18.8	15.2	24.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	0.8	x	x	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.0	1.6	x
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.5	9.6	7.1	1.5	1.2	1.9	6.9	6.5	7.4	8.4	8.4	8.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.6	8.8	6.4	1.2	1.0	1.4	6.2	6.0	6.4	7.8	7.6	8.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	400	205	190	355	155	200	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	345	200	150
Without total income	10	5	5	5	0	0	57,180	28,440	28,735	50	20	30
With total income	390	205	185	345	155	195	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	300	175	125
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	10	25	15	10	120,165	57,640	62,520	55	30	25
$10,000 to $19,999	45	30	20	20	10	15	179,185	83,775	95,410	70	40	30
$20,000 to $29,999	70	35	40	25	15	10	259,695	119,565	140,135	60	40	20
$30,000 to $39,999	55	25	30	30	10	20	194,585	93,585	101,000	40	25	15
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	20	10	15	163,390	78,450	84,940	30	15	15
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	30	10	20	123,115	58,355	64,755	10	5	0
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	20	40	5	30	88,460	43,350	45,110	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	15	15	5	10	64,815	33,230	31,590	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	10	25	10	15	50,645	26,325	24,320	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	15	5	5	36,060	19,280	16,785	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	100	55	50	115,980	71,595	44,385	20	10	5
$100,000 to $149,999	15	10	0	45	20	30	74,835	44,155	30,680	10	5	5
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	55	35	15	41,145	27,440	13,705	5	5	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	400	205	190	355	155	200	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	345	200	150
Without after-tax income	10	5	5	5	0	0	56,805	28,265	28,535	50	20	30
With after-tax income	390	205	185	345	155	195	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	300	175	125
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25	10	10	35	20	15	124,825	59,490	65,335	60	30	25
$10,000 to $19,999	45	30	20	30	10	15	188,395	88,605	99,785	75	40	35
$20,000 to $29,999	80	40	45	35	15	15	303,115	142,120	161,000	65	40	20
$30,000 to $39,999	70	40	35	25	10	20	231,960	113,680	118,280	45	25	20
$40,000 to $49,999	60	25	30	50	15	30	183,475	88,390	95,090	20	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	45	25	25	35	5	30	123,490	59,975	63,515	10	10	0
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	20	20	5	15	81,775	41,055	40,725	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	20	10	10	52,690	27,360	25,330	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	20	10	10	32,505	18,175	14,325	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	15	10	10	21,155	12,260	8,890	5	0	0
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	55	40	20	53,090	34,210	18,885	15	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	20	10	10	25,835	15,730	10,105	10	5	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	35	30	10	27,260	18,485	8,775	0	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	400	205	190	355	155	200	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	345	200	150
Without employment income	95	45	50	135	45	90	431,575	186,210	245,365	155	70	80
With employment income	305	165	145	220	105	110	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	195	125	70
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	40	15	20	145,910	71,820	74,090	50	40	15
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	20	15	10	5	99,605	47,595	52,010	40	20	20
$10,000 to $19,999	30	20	15	25	10	10	136,545	66,030	70,515	40	25	15
$20,000 to $29,999	30	20	15	5	0	5	105,255	51,415	53,840	20	15	0
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	15	5	10	98,425	50,780	47,640	10	5	10
$40,000 to $49,999	30	20	10	5	0	0	94,645	47,585	47,065	10	10	0
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	10	0	10	76,170	39,085	37,085	5	0	0
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	10	5	0	59,460	31,825	27,635	5	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	20	10	10	15	10	5	46,765	25,580	21,185	5	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	10	10	0	10	0	5	40,295	21,350	18,945	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	0	10	0	0	27,160	15,825	11,340	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	15	10	5	70	40	25	91,480	58,500	32,980	10	10	0
$100,000 to $124,999	15	10	0	15	10	10	40,345	24,630	15,710	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	50	30	20	51,135	33,870	17,270	10	10	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	400	210	195	355	155	195	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	350	195	150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	190	185	345	150	195	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	280	160	120
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	38,400	33,200	65,000	75,500	62,000	33,200	35,600	31,200	15,100	15,900	14,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	375	190	185	345	150	195	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	280	160	120
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,400	29,600	52,800	59,600	49,200	30,400	32,000	28,800	14,900	15,300	13,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	340	180	160	335	145	190	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	260	145	115
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	30,400	54,800	65,000	50,400	31,400	35,200	27,800	14,300	16,600	11,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	295	155	140	225	105	115	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	190	120	70
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	29,600	54,800	64,500	47,200	33,200	36,000	30,200	9,400	10,500	7,250
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	305	145	160	260	100	160	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	195	110	75
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,280	2,460	7,450	12,300	10,200	13,200	4,280	2,660	7,150	1,380	1,370	1,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	25	20	15	10	10	104,820	51,840	52,980	15	10	0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	4,120	x	x	x	x	5,080	4,640	5,640	x	x	...
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	395	210	185	360	140	210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	335	175	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	190	185	345	140	205	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	260	150	110
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800	46,000	45,600	78,400	96,000	66,000	46,600	52,150	41,320	35,200	36,000	34,500
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	370	190	185	345	140	205	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	260	150	110
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,600	38,400	38,800	58,800	71,000	50,400	37,760	40,880	34,720	29,000	28,800	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	360	185	170	325	135	190	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	255	145	105
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	43,200	38,800	73,600	94,000	59,200	45,560	52,600	38,600	32,400	34,000	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	170	140	215	90	125	999,875	515,515	484,355	210	130	80
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	42,000	39,500	67,000	90,000	50,000	46,040	51,800	39,920	26,000	26,400	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	155	160	270	80	185	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	205	120	85
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,450	5,300	9,500	11,500	11,000	11,700	8,160	6,610	9,490	5,280	3,800	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50	25	15	25	0	20	104,790	51,525	53,260	0	0	0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,000	4,400	18,000	4,400	...	5,000	7,380	5,970	8,740	...	...	...
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	395	210	185	355	145	215	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	330	175	160
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	90	55	75	35	35	446,040	241,000	205,040	50	35	15
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,800	42,800	42,000	96,000	121,000	90,000	52,800	56,400	49,600	42,800	x	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	49,000	51,000	46,000	116,000	140,000	95,000	67,700	75,300	58,700	52,000	52,000	50,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	150	65	80	100	40	65	411,950	203,780	208,170	100	60	40
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	23,600	31,600	32,000	60,000	25,000	21,600	23,200	20,400	17,400	21,200	10,500
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,500	35,000	38,000	51,000	68,000	40,000	31,400	34,200	28,640	24,000	23,000	25,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.0	90.0	82.0	89.0	92.0	84.0	86.2	90.6	80.8	88.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	75.0	80.0	70.0	53.0	60.0	46.0	72.8	77.2	67.6	59.0	64.0	52.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.2	18.4	11.4	6.8	16.0	13.8	9.4	19.1	11.8	8.4	16.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	1.4	4.0	0.5	x	0.6	1.2	0.9	1.6	x	x	x
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	255	...	...	185	...	...	816,335	...	...	230	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	133,000	...	...	63,600	...	...	32,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	102,000	...	...	56,000	...	...	30,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	120	...	...	60	...	...	341,345	...	...	145	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	37,600	...	...	27,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	48,400	...	...	33,600	...	...	24,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	135	...	...	120	...	...	474,990	...	...	85	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	178,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	136,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	140,000	...	...	85,700	...	...	45,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	98,000	...	...	69,600	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	120	...	...	85	...	...	341,250	...	...	175	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	48,400	...	...	37,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,400	...	...	46,000	...	...	39,760	...	...	31,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	115	...	...	475,105	...	...	65	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	192,000	...	...	112,600	...	...	68,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	255	...	...	185	...	...	816,335	...	...	230	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0	...	...	17,005	...	...	35	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0	...	...	9,785	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	16,775	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	24,425	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	54,215	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	38,420	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	37,880	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	38,590	...	...	20	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	39,530	...	...	15	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	37,970	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	69,550	...	...	10	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	62,125	...	...	15	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	55,220	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	49,040	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	41,220	...	...	0	...	...
$100,000 and over	60	...	...	120	...	...	224,580	...	...	25	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	25	...	...	76,005	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	48,680	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	51,900	...	...	10	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	55	...	...	47,995	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	255	...	...	185	...	...	816,335	...	...	230	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	5	...	...	18,250	...	...	40	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,005	...	...	15	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	17,050	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	0	...	...	26,035	...	...	20	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	59,285	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	0	...	...	46,355	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	5	...	...	45,485	...	...	20	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	5	...	...	47,370	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	46,995	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	43,530	...	...	5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	78,470	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	15	...	...	68,975	...	...	10	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	10	...	...	59,285	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	0	...	...	49,000	...	...	0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	39,955	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	95	...	...	160,295	...	...	15	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	20	...	...	68,460	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	38,400	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	50	...	...	53,430	...	...	0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	120	...	...	120	...	...	435,310	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	186,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	138,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	60	...	...	156,425	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	149,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	53,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	113,000	...	...	73,500	...	...	49,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	35	...	...	45	...	...	175,465	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	218,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	162,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	15	...	...	86,340	...	...	5	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	x	...	...	58,800	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	150	80	75	70	15	65	446,765	228,335	218,420	250	150	100
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	35,200	28,600	56,400	x	64,500	34,000	34,400	33,600	18,400	19,600	15,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,400	30,800	28,200	46,000	x	47,200	30,800	31,000	30,800	18,400	19,000	15,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	135	...	...	110	...	...	435,360	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	196,000	...	...	115,400	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	92,800	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	70	...	...	156,545	...	...	20	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	109,200	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	86,500	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	35	...	...	175,580	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	240,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	140,000	...	...	114,400	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	40	...	...	0	...	...	86,035	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	...	...	...	75,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	...	...	...	65,100	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	130	70	60	95	0	85	446,290	227,645	218,645	280	150	135
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,000	32,000	34,000	65,000	x	67,000	44,280	45,400	43,080	28,400	28,800	28,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	28,000	31,000	47,000	x	47,000	36,760	37,240	36,240	24,800	24,400	25,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	465	250	220	395	170	225	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	360	205	160
0 to 17 years	75	45	30	60	25	30	316,605	161,795	154,815	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	20	10	10	107,500	54,865	52,630	10	0	5
18 to 64 years	325	175	150	185	95	95	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	320	180	135
65 years and over	70	30	40	155	60	100	266,200	117,200	149,000	25	20	10
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	75	40	40	15	10	10	299,080	143,995	155,085	175	85	85
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	49,430	25,350	24,085	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	17,500	8,905	8,595	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	50	30	25	5	5	0	184,970	93,610	91,360	160	85	80
65 years and over	20	5	15	10	5	5	64,675	25,040	39,635	10	10	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.0	16.0	18.5	4.5	4.0	4.5	17.4	16.9	17.8	48.0	44.0	54.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	10.0	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.7	15.6	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	16.3	16.2	16.3	x	...	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	17.0	15.0	3.0	x	x	16.2	16.3	16.1	50.8	45.0	58.0
65 years and over (%)	30.0	16.0	40.0	7.0	8.0	6.0	24.3	21.4	26.6	36.0	40.0	x
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	465	245	215	400	175	225	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	360	200	155
0 to 17 years	80	50	35	55	25	35	316,610	161,790	154,815	10	5	5
0 to 5 years	30	15	15	20	10	10	107,500	54,870	52,635	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	320	175	150	190	95	95	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	320	185	140
65 years and over	65	30	35	155	55	100	266,195	117,200	148,995	30	15	10
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	50	25	25	15	5	10	199,665	102,220	97,440	160	85	70
0 to 17 years	5	0	0	0	0	0	26,605	13,610	12,995	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,255	4,715	4,540	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	5	0	5	144,765	77,525	67,235	155	85	70
65 years and over	10	5	10	10	5	5	28,295	11,090	17,205	5	5	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.8	10.0	11.0	3.6	3.0	4.0	11.6	12.0	11.2	44.8	44.0	46.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.4	8.4	8.4	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.6	8.6	8.6	x	...	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	11.0	10.0	3.0	x	x	12.7	13.5	11.8	48.0	47.0	50.0
65 years and over (%)	16.0	x	20.0	5.0	8.0	4.0	10.6	9.5	11.6	16.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	470	250	220	395	175	225	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	360	205	160
In bottom half of the distribution	295	155	140	85	30	60	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	315	180	140
In bottom decile	75	35	40	15	5	10	278,660	138,645	140,020	180	105	80
In second decile	75	35	40	15	5	10	226,095	107,680	118,415	45	25	25
In third decile	55	35	20	10	0	5	221,215	107,370	113,845	50	30	20
In fourth decile	40	20	20	30	10	20	197,520	96,110	101,415	30	15	15
In fifth decile	45	30	20	15	0	15	174,245	85,395	88,855	15	10	5
In top half of the distribution	175	95	80	315	145	170	625,475	316,385	309,090	45	25	20
In sixth decile	50	25	25	30	15	20	150,945	74,795	76,155	10	5	0
In seventh decile	55	30	20	30	10	20	134,455	67,455	67,000	15	5	5
In eighth decile	45	25	20	50	20	25	121,350	61,450	59,900	0	0	0
In ninth decile	15	10	5	75	35	40	108,785	55,650	53,130	15	5	10
In top decile	0	0	0	130	65	65	109,935	57,030	52,905	10	5	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	465	...	...	400	...	...	1,723,210	...	...	360	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.287	...	...	0.360	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.414	...	...	0.418	...	...	0.516	...	...	0.592	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.320	...	...	0.318	...	...	0.432	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.5	...	...	4.0	...	...	40.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	465	245	215	400	175	225	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	365	210	155
English only	0	0	0	0	0	0	207,690	107,915	99,775	185	105	80
French only	180	95	85	90	35	60	473,490	215,190	258,295	10	5	0
English and French	285	150	135	305	135	165	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	170	100	75
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,975	16,745	25,230	5	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	465	245	215	400	175	225	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	365	210	155
English	15	5	5	15	15	5	457,725	231,930	225,795	245	145	100
French	440	235	210	370	155	210	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	85	50	35
English and French	15	10	5	15	5	10	151,345	77,485	73,865	35	15	20
Neither English nor French	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,705	16,120	24,585	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	465	245	215	400	175	225	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	365	210	155
Single responses	445	240	205	395	170	225	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	335	190	145
Official languages	395	210	185	360	155	205	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	175	100	70
English	10	5	5	10	10	5	225,920	115,155	110,765	100	60	40
French	390	205	180	350	145	200	818,225	403,185	415,040	70	40	35
Non-official languages	50	25	20	30	15	20	571,625	277,655	293,970	160	85	70
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	125	230	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	120	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	60	105	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	35	60	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	105	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	105	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	25	20	30	15	20	571,270	277,530	293,740	160	85	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	15	5	10	119,100	63,230	55,865	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,445	8,305	7,140	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,315	7,650	6,660	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	570	415	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	85	65	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	180	160	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	100	70	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	80	90	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	360	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	345	390	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	5	10	0	15	5	10	102,380	54,295	48,085	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	235	255	0	0	0
Arabic	5	10	0	15	5	10	99,450	52,790	46,660	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,580	845	735	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	5	0	5	23,210	10,690	12,525	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,580	2,090	2,500	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	5	0	5	18,595	8,585	10,005	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,495	6,045	9,455	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	120	180	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	250	430	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	670	980	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	165	240	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	185	225	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	120	160	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	75	90	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,970	4,220	6,755	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	36,965	16,655	20,310	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0	27,145	12,010	15,135	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	440	470	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,065	4,535	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	125	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,090	6,330	5,765	15	15	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	140	90	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	700	610	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,175	4,555	4,615	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	915	430	10	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20	15	5	10	10	5	289,040	139,810	149,235	70	45	30
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	885	910	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	29,665	13,025	16,635	10	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	125	195	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	70	140	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	29,350	12,905	16,445	10	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,100	1,440	1,660	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	255	300	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,875	2,530	3,345	0	0	0
Russian	5	5	0	0	0	0	14,020	6,080	7,940	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	170	175	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	415	450	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	645	650	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	130	220	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	140	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,490	1,045	1,440	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,285	5,660	5,630	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,860	4,925	4,935	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,795	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	125	110	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	465	430	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	390	345	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	245	230	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	120	110	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,410	6,805	7,605	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,285	30,880	27,410	40	25	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,700	23,120	19,580	25	20	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,850	5,065	4,785	10	10	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,805	2,565	2,235	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	2,135	1,520	10	5	5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	5	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	20	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	200	145	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,480	3,060	5	0	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	95	75	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,575	7,755	7,820	15	10	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	245	190	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	975	525	450	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,065	6,930	7,135	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	520	565	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,665	5,750	5,915	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	15	5	5	5	5	167,975	79,875	88,100	15	5	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	5	5	0	57,590	26,825	30,760	0	0	0
Portuguese	10	5	0	5	0	5	18,080	8,625	9,455	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,300	5,780	6,525	5	5	0
Spanish	10	5	5	0	0	0	79,720	38,505	41,210	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,810	1,650	2,160	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	6,595	6,650	5	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	305	315	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	360	310	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	185	150	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	640	605	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	35	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	490	595	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	750	930	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	75	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	85	70	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	595	720	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	385	400	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,495	800	690	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	325	295	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	190	155	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	150	120	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	140	135	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	46,550	21,145	25,405	45	15	25
Chinese languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	46,390	21,080	25,315	45	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,410	13,275	16,135	40	15	25
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,730	760	970	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	195	240	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	0	0	0	13,690	6,300	7,390	5	0	5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	435	420	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	70	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,705	735	965	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	615	665	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	115	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,370	2,745	2,625	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	155	95	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,825	2,455	2,370	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	55	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,190	965	1,225	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	85	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	880	1,105	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	5	15	5	5	5	125,490	63,125	62,360	35	25	15
English and French	5	0	0	0	5	0	35,195	17,970	17,225	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,945	13,375	13,565	10	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0	0	0	44,880	22,480	22,400	10	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	13,590	7,010	6,580	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,290	2,590	5	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	465	245	215	400	175	225	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	365	210	155
English	5	5	5	5	5	0	236,770	119,975	116,790	125	70	50
French	370	210	165	335	140	190	743,335	365,685	377,655	45	30	15
Non-official language	0	0	0	5	0	5	182,560	86,255	96,305	45	20	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	5	0	5	182,495	86,230	96,265	45	20	25
English and French	30	10	20	25	10	15	146,050	75,850	70,210	45	25	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,510	55,685	55,830	85	50	35
French and non-official language(s)	40	15	25	5	0	5	174,715	83,145	91,570	5	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	25	10	10	135,525	67,480	68,045	15	10	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,780	5,055	5,720	5	0	5
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	465	245	215	400	175	225	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	365	210	155
Single responses	445	240	205	385	165	220	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	330	195	140
Official languages	425	230	190	375	160	210	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	235	140	95
English	10	5	5	10	10	5	347,110	175,135	171,970	175	105	70
French	415	225	190	360	155	210	908,455	448,270	460,180	60	40	20
Non-official languages	20	10	10	10	0	5	331,100	159,200	171,905	100	55	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	45	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	45	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	5	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	20	10	10	10	0	5	330,975	159,150	171,830	100	55	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	5	0	5	0	0	61,235	31,705	29,525	10	5	5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,795	3,645	3,145	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,320	3,390	2,930	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	195	165	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	50	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	45	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	170	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	5	0	5	0	0	53,825	27,770	26,060	10	5	5
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
Arabic	0	5	0	5	0	0	52,330	27,000	25,325	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	375	335	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	230	215	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,465	7,600	8,865	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,860	1,295	1,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,590	6,300	7,290	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,325	3,930	5,395	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	180	250	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	90	145	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	415	545	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	85	90	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,960	2,890	4,070	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	17,395	7,710	9,685	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0	0	0	12,640	5,455	7,185	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	225	250	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,345	4,775	4,570	15	15	5
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	520	445	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	550	275	10	10	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	168,495	80,690	87,800	35	20	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,140	7,850	9,295	5	5	5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,055	7,810	9,250	5	5	5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	960	1,060	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,755	4,475	5,285	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	575	630	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	165	200	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	320	325	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	545	640	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	10	0	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	245	270	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,530	3,370	4,165	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,235	22,475	20,760	25	15	5
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,115	17,085	15,025	10	10	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,290	3,630	3,660	10	5	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,705	1,545	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	90	70	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	115	105	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,795	2,465	2,335	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,115	5,390	5,730	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	120	105	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	405	350	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,090	4,835	5,250	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	320	355	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,570	4,115	4,460	10	5	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	400	440	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	89,325	41,435	47,885	5	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	40	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,255	8,905	12,350	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,715	4,550	5,165	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,290	3,495	3,800	0	0	0
Spanish	10	5	5	0	0	0	50,960	24,440	26,520	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	285	425	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,705	1,205	1,495	5	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,060	2,180	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	235	220	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	145	190	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	255	320	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	215	250	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	325	275	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	85	90	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	150	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	300	220	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	40	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	85	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,185	16,285	18,900	25	5	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,100	16,245	18,855	25	5	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,585	10,965	12,620	25	5	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	460	590	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	135	145	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,590	4,395	5,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	250	255	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	405	465	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	350	370	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,790	1,780	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	60	40	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,665	1,660	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	285	415	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	275	400	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	10	15	20	10	10	154,590	76,515	78,075	40	20	20
English and French	10	5	5	5	5	5	45,705	23,415	22,290	15	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,655	15,945	16,710	15	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	5	0	0	55,175	26,790	28,385	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	19,445	9,630	9,820	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	740	865	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	470	245	220	400	175	225	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	365	210	155
None	395	215	180	355	150	200	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	245	140	105
English	20	10	15	25	5	15	115,715	59,690	56,025	50	30	20
French	10	5	5	5	5	0	109,450	53,550	55,895	20	10	10
Non-official language	20	10	10	5	0	5	129,625	62,430	67,195	35	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	5	0	5	129,480	62,370	67,105	35	20	15
English and French	5	5	5	5	0	0	29,960	15,165	14,790	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	5	5	35,695	18,170	17,525	5	5	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	27,860	13,495	14,370	10	5	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,580	1,835	1,740	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	5	0	0	0	0	10,200	5,165	5,035	5	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	490	270	220	380	150	230	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	345	180	160
Official languages	490	270	220	375	150	225	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	345	180	160
English	260	145	115	280	120	155	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	340	180	155
French	490	270	220	375	150	225	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	190	105	80
Non-official languages	140	80	65	90	40	50	862,365	420,005	442,360	180	85	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	315	485	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	210	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	100	160	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	90	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	75	235	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	75	235	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	45	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	140	80	65	90	40	50	861,690	419,765	441,925	180	85	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	35	15	20	193,965	101,880	92,090	15	10	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,765	12,670	11,095	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	11,425	10,070	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,205	655	545	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	370	210	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	290	340	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	385	360	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,160	540	615	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	35	15	20	182,025	95,605	86,420	15	10	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	375	405	0	0	0
Arabic	25	10	10	35	15	20	173,385	91,115	82,270	15	10	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	125	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	95	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,665	4,080	3,580	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,875	14,470	16,405	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,850	3,180	3,675	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,550	11,565	12,985	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,510	9,720	14,785	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	200	255	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	395	755	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	265	500	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,225	1,700	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	805	365	440	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	405	425	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	335	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	190	165	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	200	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,575	8,340	13,235	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	390	515	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,245	33,880	40,365	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,445	30,045	36,400	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	115	105	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	100	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,950	5,630	6,320	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	685	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,725	8,745	7,975	20	10	15
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	325	215	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	935	825	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,940	6,480	6,465	10	0	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,415	1,600	815	15	0	10
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	105	55	50	55	20	35	450,480	219,660	230,825	105	60	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	40,980	19,110	21,870	25	10	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	215	315	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	135	210	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	40,615	18,955	21,660	25	10	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	55	105	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	455	535	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0
Russian	10	0	0	0	0	0	23,995	11,285	12,705	20	10	10
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	315	365	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	775	740	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,725	840	885	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	60	40	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	250	340	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	145	200	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,905	2,155	2,745	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	150	125	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	28,325	14,670	13,655	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	25,545	13,365	12,180	0	0	0
German	10	0	10	0	0	0	17,050	8,935	8,110	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	120	175	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,490	4,455	4,030	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	825	820	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	725	710	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	190	230	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	155	130	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	445	370	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,685	9,850	10,830	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,115	41,190	35,920	30	10	20
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,875	31,985	26,890	30	10	20
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,785	3,140	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,370	13,400	10,970	30	10	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	95	95	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	60	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	440	340	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	270	220	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	470	370	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	325	180	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,895	9,560	9,335	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	465	315	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	645	580	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,095	8,600	8,495	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,280	645	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,160	7,125	7,040	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,790	920	865	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	35	55	20	35	293,340	139,795	153,545	45	35	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	400	315	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	25	10	15	95,535	45,630	49,905	10	10	0
Portuguese	45	25	20	0	0	0	28,840	14,425	14,410	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0
Spanish	40	25	15	30	15	15	177,230	83,945	93,280	45	35	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	240	165	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	120	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,015	15,555	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	755	585	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,540	790	745	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	115	125	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	505	360	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	145	75	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	280	205	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	855	970	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	225	295	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	40	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	150	95	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,185	1,840	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	385	310	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	225	200	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	160	330	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	10	0	10	1,345	510	830	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	210	130	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,545	26,095	30,455	30	0	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,370	26,025	30,340	30	0	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	160	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,405	18,880	22,525	30	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	310	390	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,045	8,640	10,405	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	455	410	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	60	115	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	10	60	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	390	695	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	4,570	4,695	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	325	200	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,445	4,105	4,340	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	95	110	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	90	115	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	120	125	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	490	270	225	375	145	235	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	345	180	160
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	10	0	0	0	15,315	7,080	8,235	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	10	0	0	0	14,315	6,630	7,685	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,835	2,870	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	135	405	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	150	155	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	305	385	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	485	270	215	375	145	235	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	345	180	160
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	490	270	225	375	145	235	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	345	180	160
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	490	270	220	375	145	235	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	345	180	160
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
Owner	70	...	...	185	...	...	297,340	...	...	45	...	...
Renter	185	...	...	15	...	...	519,020	...	...	200	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	100	...	...	178,700	...	...	40	...	...
Not condominium	245	...	...	95	...	...	637,660	...	...	205	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,020	...	...	20	...	...
1 bedroom	115	...	...	25	...	...	254,075	...	...	120	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	70	...	...	284,300	...	...	50	...	...
3 bedrooms	50	...	...	50	...	...	194,410	...	...	45	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	45	...	...	64,550	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	165	...	...	65	...	...	473,475	...	...	180	...	...
5 rooms	55	...	...	40	...	...	155,105	...	...	35	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	15	...	...	69,335	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	10	...	...	48,130	...	...	20	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	75	...	...	70,315	...	...	10	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.1	...	...	6.6	...	...	4.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
One person or fewer per room	255	...	...	195	...	...	789,745	...	...	240	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	0	...	...	26,615	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
Suitable	240	...	...	195	...	...	745,905	...	...	230	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	0	...	...	70,450	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
1960 or before	185	...	...	90	...	...	293,880	...	...	95	...	...
1961 to 1980	50	...	...	0	...	...	248,030	...	...	70	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	0	...	...	89,700	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	15	...	...	57,865	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	75	...	...	28,770	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	10	...	...	30,795	...	...	15	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	0	...	...	33,075	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,235	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	230	...	...	190	...	...	746,280	...	...	210	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	10	...	...	70,075	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
One-maintainer household	145	...	...	120	...	...	494,140	...	...	190	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	80	...	...	291,245	...	...	30	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	0	...	...	30,970	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	255	...	...	195	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	0	...	...	39,665	...	...	90	...	...
25 to 34 years	80	...	...	0	...	...	154,835	...	...	60	...	...
35 to 44 years	55	...	...	15	...	...	156,945	...	...	25	...	...
45 to 54 years	45	...	...	15	...	...	137,925	...	...	20	...	...
55 to 64 years	15	...	...	35	...	...	137,110	...	...	25	...	...
65 to 74 years	30	...	...	85	...	...	105,800	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	10	...	...	15	...	...	59,160	...	...	15	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	25	...	...	24,920	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	255	...	...	195	...	...	808,950	...	...	220	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	180	...	...	165	...	...	612,990	...	...	130	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70	...	...	30	...	...	195,960	...	...	95	...	...
30% to less than 100%	60	...	...	30	...	...	171,990	...	...	65	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	255	...	...	200	...	...	816,355	...	...	245	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	40	...	...	301,530	...	...	125	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	60	...	...	30	...	...	168,425	...	...	80	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	0	...	...	52,965	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	10	...	...	46,120	...	...	25	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,065	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0	...	...	16,530	...	...	10	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	940	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	150	...	...	160	...	...	514,825	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	240	...	...	195	...	...	784,980	...	...	195	...	...
In core need	35	...	...	0	...	...	82,165	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	210	...	...	185	...	...	702,815	...	...	185	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	185	...	...	297,340	...	...	40	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	78.6	...	...	32.4	...	...	61.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.9	...	...	10.8	...	...	18.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,110	...	...	1,360	...	...	632	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,410	...	...	1,532	...	...	800	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	645,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	660,000	...	...	740,000	...	...	584,500	...	...	640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	185	...	...	15	...	...	519,015	...	...	200	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.4	...	...	...	...	...	27.8	...	...	48.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.1	...	...	...	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	770	...	...	x	...	...	870	...	...	800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	x	...	...	969	...	...	1,150	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	485	265	225	380	145	235	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	345	185	160
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	380	500	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	110	240	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	20	55	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20	10	0	0	0	0	28,175	12,775	15,400	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20	10	0	0	0	0	27,945	12,705	15,240	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	0	0	0	0	25,185	11,485	13,695	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	80	235	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	70	160	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	60	130	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	465	255	210	380	145	235	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	345	185	160
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	490	265	225	380	145	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	345	185	165
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	450	230	215	375	145	230	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	190	120	70
Canadian citizens aged under 18	100	60	40	35	0	30	279,730	142,810	136,925	0	0	0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	350	175	180	340	140	200	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	185	120	65
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	40	40	0	0	0	0	288,660	148,585	140,075	155	65	90
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	490	265	225	380	145	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	345	185	165
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	390	200	195	335	135	205	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	110	65	45
Immigrants⁸¹	70	45	30	45	15	25	576,120	278,025	298,100	85	55	35
Before 1980	15	10	0	15	0	0	87,415	40,730	46,685	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,835	29,275	30,555	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	15	10	0	15	0	10	95,220	45,340	49,880	15	10	10
2001 to 2010	30	15	10	0	0	0	139,575	67,480	72,090	40	25	15
2011 to 2021⁸²	0	0	0	10	0	0	194,080	95,195	98,885	15	0	10
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	10	0	0	90,040	43,785	46,255	10	0	0
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,040	51,410	52,630	0	0	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	25	0	0	0	0	129,780	71,085	58,695	145	65	80
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	70	40	30	40	15	30	576,125	278,025	298,100	90	55	35
Under 5 years	20	10	10	0	0	0	45,920	23,340	22,575	20	20	0
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,130	45,385	44,740	15	10	0
15 to 24 years	10	0	10	10	0	10	104,655	46,955	57,705	0	0	0
25 to 44 years	35	25	15	25	10	20	290,245	141,865	148,380	40	20	20
45 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,170	20,475	24,700	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	70	40	30	40	15	30	576,125	278,025	298,100	90	55	35
Americas	20	15	10	0	0	0	127,690	58,995	68,690	15	15	0
Brazil	15	15	0	0	0	0	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,400	3,265	3,130	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	660	690	0	0	0
Haiti	10	0	10	0	0	0	47,555	21,110	26,445	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,225	4,005	4,220	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,180	5,260	4,920	10	10	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,520	13,985	16,535	0	0	0
Europe	30	20	0	20	0	20	137,155	66,390	70,765	35	15	15
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	390	385	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	390	375	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	15	0	15	39,280	20,790	18,485	10	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	650	720	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,215	14,095	16,120	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	310	190	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,715	3,520	4,195	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	320	350	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,385	1,940	2,445	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,245	1,755	10	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,395	8,365	9,030	0	0	0
Africa	10	0	0	10	0	0	140,555	71,665	68,890	10	10	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,840	22,680	21,165	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	305	355	0	0	0
Morocco	10	0	0	10	0	0	33,005	16,490	16,515	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	630	565	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	200	200	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	275	140	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,115	23,355	21,760	0	0	0
Asia	10	0	10	10	0	0	169,860	80,480	89,375	25	15	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	570	535	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,815	4,825	4,990	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	890	725	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,010	2,020	1,995	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,650	14,680	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	540	725	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,475	7,940	12,535	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,395	7,460	8,935	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,570	7,040	6,525	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,010	9,890	11,120	15	0	10
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	485	375	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,040	51,410	52,625	0	0	0
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,850	7,650	8,205	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,105	455	645	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,260	575	685	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	70	60	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	690	625	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	355	555	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,760	9,335	8,425	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,735	6,290	5,445	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	260	160	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	235	390	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	355	395	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	290	185	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,835	17,255	17,575	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,925	5,160	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	385	335	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	645	845	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	785	835	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	795	675	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	310	240	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,360	1,755	1,610	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,015	3,075	2,945	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,290	16,975	18,315	0	0	0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	95	85	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	465	495	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	40	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	145	100	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	90	60	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	55	130	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	160	195	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	320	435	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	930	775	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	520	505	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	540	325	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	205	295	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	295	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	290	290	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	395	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	680	880	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	195	110	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	125	65	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	490	270	220	380	150	235	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	345	180	160
First generation¹⁰⁰	95	65	30	40	10	30	725,270	358,390	366,885	260	135	125
Second generation¹⁰¹	65	40	25	70	30	40	361,130	181,485	179,645	35	20	15
Third generation or more¹⁰²	330	160	165	265	105	165	636,825	311,740	325,090	55	30	25
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	60	30	30	30	0	20	488,705	237,295	251,410	80	45	35
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20	15	0	25	0	15	267,215	137,555	129,660	55	35	25
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	15	10	0	15	0	10	135,610	78,460	57,150	25	15	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,610	59,100	72,515	35	20	15
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	15	25	0	0	0	133,215	54,390	78,825	0	0	0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,320	41,035	38,285	0	0	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,955	4,310	4,645	10	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	60	30	30	30	0	20	488,705	237,295	251,410	80	45	35
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,275	26,560	23,710	15	0	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,365	23,725	26,640	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,765	6,105	5,655	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	14,095	11,105	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	0	0	0	0	0	4,400	1,875	2,525	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	35	20	15	15	0	10	346,705	164,930	181,775	50	35	15
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	490	270	220	375	145	235	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	345	180	160
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	60	45	15	35	15	15	668,975	330,800	338,175	160	75	80
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,670	42,620	37,050	40	15	20
Chinese	10	0	0	0	0	0	56,935	26,075	30,860	25	0	20
Black	30	25	0	0	0	0	198,610	96,350	102,255	35	15	20
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,355	11,555	15,805	0	0	0
Arab	0	0	0	35	15	15	141,935	74,355	67,585	0	0	0
Latin American	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,150	38,450	39,705	10	10	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	17,950	19,955	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,500	8,735	8,765	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,365	2,880	10	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,540	8,615	8,920	20	10	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	430	220	205	340	130	215	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	185	105	80
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	490	265	220	380	150	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	345	185	165
Canadian	140	80	55	100	35	65	216,645	104,085	112,565	15	10	10
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,185	22,080	21,110	45	40	0
Irish	10	10	0	10	0	0	80,635	38,520	42,120	20	15	0
Scottish	0	0	0	10	10	0	44,880	21,650	23,230	10	0	10
French, n.o.s.¹²²	145	80	65	140	45	95	307,670	155,535	152,135	50	35	15
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,730	15,215	16,510	0	0	0
Chinese	10	0	0	0	0	0	61,715	28,350	33,365	25	0	20
Italian	0	0	0	20	10	10	135,430	66,225	69,205	15	10	0
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,920	19,740	17,180	35	25	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,865	7,080	7,785	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,515	11,460	12,060	0	0	0
Québécois	20	0	15	0	0	0	103,145	51,885	51,265	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	20	15	0	0	0	0	11,665	6,000	5,670	0	0	0
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,105	11,050	15,045	0	0	0
French Canadian	50	15	35	50	20	30	59,380	28,470	30,910	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,910	10,385	9,530	15	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15	10	0	0	0	0	15,970	7,210	8,760	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	10	10	0	0	0	22,450	11,380	11,070	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,180	9,420	10,760	15	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0
Portuguese	30	25	0	0	0	0	23,120	11,280	11,840	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,910	6,055	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	15	10	0	31,535	15,600	15,940	20	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,155	16,460	16,695	25	0	15
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,680	13,550	13,135	15	15	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,955	12,890	14,070	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,935	28,050	24,885	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,980	13,250	13,725	0	0	0
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	355	430	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,445	2,485	2,960	15	10	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,255	7,785	8,470	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	35	20	15	30,115	15,635	14,475	0	0	0
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	845	970	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,940	5,520	5,420	0	0	0
Haitian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,485	37,710	42,775	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,365	7,685	7,680	0	0	0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	195	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,695	2,775	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	425	580	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	970	800	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	685	615	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,215	6,250	5,965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	205	145	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,580	5,525	6,055	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	15	10	10	37,360	19,125	18,235	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,935	6,830	7,105	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	815	835	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,275	3,530	3,740	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	835	920	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	130	125	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	230	160	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	460	540	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	370	430	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,160	4,055	4,105	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	220	555	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,570	21,135	19,435	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,780	820	955	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	640	735	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	550	610	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	975	800	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,125	4,430	4,700	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	775	995	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,725	860	865	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	220	245	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	405	425	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,025	2,985	3,040	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	225	280	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	495	475	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	940	770	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,125	4,650	0	0	0
Berber	20	10	15	0	0	0	19,835	10,545	9,290	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	160	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	365	455	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	425	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	475	405	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	310	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,290	680	610	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	600	740	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	235	315	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,735	925	810	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	790	810	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	450	375	0	0	0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,350	615	725	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	245	270	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,610	705	905	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,545	2,330	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	455	540	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	525	565	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	295	290	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	565	630	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	355	315	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	215	150	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	840	635	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	205	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	370	345	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	395	755	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,245	2,460	2,790	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	240	185	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	150	200	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	325	240	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	555	535	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	50	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	750	935	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,120	500	615	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	150	115	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	155	145	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	165	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	655	770	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	295	400	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	705	860	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	905	940	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	105	155	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	210	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	630	625	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	115	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	430	340	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	45	60	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	350	560	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	185	150	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	75	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	150	165	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	900	795	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	100	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	135	140	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	265	255	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	260	245	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	495	470	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	220	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	135	165	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,635	815	815	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	70	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	105	75	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	120	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	210	270	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	730	310	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	50	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	275	240	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	675	740	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	320	270	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	515	465	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	450	335	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	270	270	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	500	370	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	105	185	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	155	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	70	135	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	125	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	425	295	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	115	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	755	865	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	55	15	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	155	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	490	265	225	375	145	235	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	345	180	160
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,395	11,650	14,745	0	0	0
Christian	200	115	85	225	75	155	853,205	397,365	455,840	65	25	35
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	40	30	10	10	0	10	105,435	50,405	55,035	15	0	10
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	80	120	0	0	0
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,480	4,260	5,220	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,620	5,335	6,290	0	0	0
Catholic	145	70	75	215	75	145	602,630	280,655	321,975	35	15	20
Christian Orthodox	15	15	0	0	0	0	55,730	26,490	29,235	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,510	685	825	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	400	440	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	150	165	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,100	16,305	19,790	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,430	16,600	13,835	15	10	10
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	17,990	17,940	20	15	0
Muslim	25	15	10	30	10	15	218,395	113,570	104,820	35	15	20
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	80	130	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	260	135	120	120	60	60	534,180	281,845	252,340	205	115	85
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	470	260	210	380	145	230	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	345	185	165
Non-movers	420	230	190	370	145	225	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	170	90	80
Movers	50	30	20	10	0	10	234,450	119,225	115,230	180	95	85
Non-migrants	25	15	15	0	0	0	174,665	88,775	85,895	110	60	50
Migrants	25	20	10	0	0	0	59,790	30,455	29,335	65	30	40
Internal migrants	20	15	10	0	0	0	31,510	15,825	15,685	35	25	10
Intraprovincial migrants	20	15	10	0	0	0	22,730	11,190	11,535	15	15	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,780	4,635	4,145	25	10	10
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,280	14,630	13,650	25	0	25
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	450	250	195	370	145	220	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	345	180	160
Non-movers	265	140	120	300	125	175	890,430	431,050	459,385	65	35	25
Movers	185	110	75	70	25	45	744,270	375,675	368,595	280	145	135
Non-migrants	110	70	45	65	20	40	416,555	207,830	208,725	70	50	20
Migrants	70	45	25	10	0	0	327,720	167,840	159,875	210	95	120
Internal migrants	45	20	25	10	0	0	145,860	72,315	73,545	75	40	30
Intraprovincial migrants	45	20	25	10	0	0	118,675	58,715	59,960	20	15	10
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,185	13,600	13,580	50	25	25
External migrants	25	25	0	0	0	0	181,860	95,525	86,335	140	55	80
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	210	185	360	140	215	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	330	175	160
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	50	25	25	25	10	20	253,885	125,810	128,075	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	345	190	160	330	135	195	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	320	175	145
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	300	165	140	140	55	75	981,205	492,180	489,025	150	85	65
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	10	0	0	0	0	115,240	62,335	52,905	0	0	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	290	150	135	140	55	75	865,970	429,855	436,115	150	85	65
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	395	210	185	355	140	210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	335	175	155
No certificate, diploma or degree	50	20	30	30	10	20	228,310	111,220	117,090	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	75	45	30	35	15	25	281,440	143,785	137,655	125	70	60
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	270	145	125	290	125	175	943,545	458,740	484,805	210	105	100
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	125	80	40	75	30	50	420,630	208,325	212,310	55	20	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	35	0	25	0	25	135,320	75,570	59,755	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	20	0	15	0	15	98,575	50,165	48,415	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,750	25,405	11,335	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	45	25	40	20	15	226,630	107,020	119,610	40	15	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	10	15	0	10	58,675	25,735	32,945	10	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	155	65	90	220	95	125	522,915	250,415	272,500	155	85	70
Bachelor's degree	90	30	55	80	35	35	294,530	137,550	156,980	80	55	30
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	20	10	10	51,000	23,685	27,315	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	10	10	13,135	6,300	6,830	0	0	0
Master's degree	50	25	25	95	35	65	138,940	68,590	70,355	45	20	30
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,315	14,295	11,025	15	10	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	305	165	140	135	60	80	981,210	492,185	489,025	145	90	60
No certificate, diploma or degree	15	10	0	0	0	0	97,670	52,760	44,910	0	0	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	20	20	0	0	0	146,020	79,740	66,280	25	20	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	255	140	115	135	55	80	737,515	359,680	377,835	125	65	60
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	115	85	30	25	10	15	302,205	152,275	149,925	10	10	0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35	30	0	0	0	0	103,365	56,740	46,625	0	0	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	20	0	0	0	0	76,115	38,060	38,055	0	0	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,250	18,680	8,565	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	45	20	10	10	0	155,015	75,780	79,230	0	0	0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	10	0	10	43,825	19,755	24,070	0	0	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	140	60	80	110	45	65	435,315	207,405	227,905	120	60	60
Bachelor's degree	80	25	55	40	20	20	239,785	112,440	127,345	50	35	20
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	42,855	19,650	23,205	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	15	10	10	10,470	4,595	5,875	0	0	0
Master's degree	45	25	25	35	10	25	121,575	59,570	62,010	40	10	25
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	0	10	20,630	11,160	9,475	10	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	400	210	185	355	145	215	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	335	175	155
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	125	65	55	65	20	40	509,755	255,010	254,740	125	70	60
Education	0	0	0	25	0	25	47,580	11,515	36,060	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	25	0	25	47,580	11,515	36,060	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50	25	25	20	15	10	63,605	30,650	32,955	25	15	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,690	5,340	2,350	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	20	25	20	15	10	55,915	25,310	30,600	20	15	0
Humanities	55	20	35	15	0	10	69,055	27,655	41,405	35	15	15
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,280	3,420	9,860	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,005	2,310	4,695	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	10	10	10	0	0	24,785	10,755	14,030	15	0	15
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	270	485	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0	0	0	10,980	3,785	7,195	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60	25	30	65	15	55	135,105	49,230	85,875	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	0	0	0	21,825	7,570	14,260	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,140	1,820	14,315	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	15	35	10	25	24,300	9,690	14,610	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	25	0	25	18,040	4,375	13,670	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	10	0	0	49,145	24,080	25,070	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	30	15	15	95	40	55	212,570	93,910	118,660	25	0	20
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10	0	0	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	15	15	85	35	50	202,105	91,205	110,895	25	0	20
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,295	25,025	23,270	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,755	8,140	11,615	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	965	690	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	0	0	0	58,555	41,475	17,080	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	0	0	0	47,925	35,890	12,030	20	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	3,785	2,280	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	995	375	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	15	0	30	30	0	153,375	127,040	26,335	50	30	15
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,945	6,400	5,550	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	25	25	0	67,700	52,785	14,915	50	30	15
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,350	20,890	3,460	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	19,805	18,840	970	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	17,680	675	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,150	10,425	725	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,155	5,040	5,115	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,340	3,330	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	10	10	25	10	20	106,500	26,315	80,185	15	15	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	10	10	10	0	10	95,775	20,920	74,855	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	20	10	10	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	38,585	20,835	17,750	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,500	9,050	15,445	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	160	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	45	120	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	305	165	135	140	55	80	981,205	492,180	489,025	150	85	65
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50	25	20	0	0	0	243,690	132,500	111,190	20	20	0
Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	33,780	8,105	25,675	0	0	0
13. Education	0	0	0	10	0	10	33,780	8,105	25,675	0	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	25	20	10	10	0	50,935	25,035	25,900	10	10	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	45	20	20	10	10	0	44,575	20,595	23,980	10	10	0
Humanities	55	20	35	0	0	0	46,970	18,990	27,980	10	10	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	2,655	7,500	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,430	1,810	3,620	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	25	15	10	0	0	0	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	180	345	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	765	325	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0	0	0	7,470	2,560	4,910	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	55	25	30	30	0	30	106,455	38,085	68,370	15	0	0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	15	0	10	0	0	0	18,665	6,420	12,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,815	1,340	11,475	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	25	10	15	15	0	15	19,485	7,385	12,100	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	10	0	10	13,520	3,205	10,310	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,415	19,255	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	25	15	10	40	10	30	173,115	76,040	97,075	20	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	65	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	15	10	40	10	30	164,900	73,875	91,030	20	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,990	16,980	16,010	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,185	6,735	9,450	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	725	585	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	700	450	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	0	0	0	48,495	34,620	13,875	20	0	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	15	0	0	0	0	40,770	30,640	10,130	20	0	10
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,525	2,760	1,765	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	625	265	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	10	0	15	15	0	123,175	100,630	22,545	30	15	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,010	5,255	4,750	0	0	0
14. Engineering	0	0	0	15	15	0	57,935	44,795	13,135	30	15	10
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,540	15,920	2,620	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	15,040	14,235	805	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,695	13,120	575	0	0	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,675	4,150	4,525	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,705	2,950	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0
Health and related fields	20	10	10	20	10	15	82,510	20,560	61,950	0	0	0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	20	10	10	0	0	0	73,950	16,430	57,525	0	0	0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	15	10	10	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	10	10	0	0	0	0	30,275	16,455	13,825	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,020	6,985	12,035	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	30	105	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	305	165	135	140	55	80	981,205	492,180	489,025	150	85	65
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50	25	20	0	0	0	243,690	132,500	111,190	20	20	0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	250	135	115	135	55	80	737,515	359,685	377,835	125	70	60
Location of study inside Canada	220	110	110	125	50	80	529,195	254,400	274,795	75	45	30
Same as province or territory of residence	220	110	110	125	50	75	503,230	241,010	262,225	60	35	30
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	10	25,965	13,390	12,570	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	35	30	0	0	0	0	208,320	105,280	103,040	50	25	35
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,730	18,600	18,130	10	10	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,760	6,075	4,690	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,245	2,555	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,340	685	660	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	580	795	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	680	995	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,265	1,995	2,270	0	0	0
Europe	10	10	0	0	0	0	68,060	36,130	31,930	10	0	10
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	910	865	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	22,775	18,860	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	560	475	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	260	205	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	570	400	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	105	95	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	870	955	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	285	530	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	190	95	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,680	2,520	2,160	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,325	760	565	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	40	75	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0
Africa	25	15	0	0	0	0	48,445	25,700	22,745	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	655	575	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,210	9,980	9,230	0	0	0
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,515	4,945	4,575	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,555	2,570	1,990	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,660	5,840	4,825	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,780	24,120	29,655	30	15	15
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	180	150	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	285	235	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	400	295	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,950	4,420	5,540	10	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	220	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	110	120	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	300	500	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	435	825	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,890	2,860	6,030	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	415	710	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	240	410	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,500	4,925	4,575	10	0	10
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	730	575	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	610	490	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	70	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	395	210	185	360	140	210	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	335	175	160
In the labour force	290	155	140	175	80	95	959,135	498,125	461,010	205	110	95
Employed	270	145	125	165	75	90	859,920	445,255	414,665	150	95	55
Unemployed	25	10	15	10	0	0	99,210	52,870	46,345	60	20	45
Not in the labour force	105	55	50	185	65	120	494,165	215,620	278,540	120	60	60
Participation rate	73.4	73.8	75.7	48.6	57.1	45.2	66.0	69.8	62.3	61.2	62.9	59.4
Employment rate	68.4	69.0	67.6	45.8	53.6	42.9	59.2	62.4	56.1	44.8	54.3	34.4
Unemployment rate	8.6	6.5	10.7	5.7	0.0	0.0	10.3	10.6	10.1	29.3	18.2	47.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	400	210	185	355	145	215	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	335	175	155
Did not work¹⁸⁶	80	40	45	160	55	105	508,670	222,700	285,970	165	75	90
Worked	315	175	140	200	85	110	944,630	491,050	453,580	165	100	65
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	150	95	60	85	45	40	464,805	252,405	212,400	60	40	20
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	160	80	85	115	45	75	479,820	238,645	241,180	110	60	50
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	41.6	41.6	39.6	38.0	40.8	39.7	40.1	39.2	35.8	37.6	33.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	290	160	135	175	75	95	959,130	498,125	461,010	210	110	95
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,560	13,975	14,585	40	0	35
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	290	160	135	170	75	90	930,570	484,150	446,425	170	105	60
Employee	230	120	110	110	60	50	811,850	411,090	400,750	160	100	60
Permanent position	185	95	95	90	50	40	661,995	340,865	321,135	120	80	40
Temporary position	45	30	15	20	0	0	149,850	70,230	79,620	40	20	20
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	15	0	0	0	0	63,645	28,710	34,935	0	0	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	10	10	0	0	86,205	41,520	44,685	40	15	20
Self-employed¹⁹²	60	35	25	60	20	45	118,725	73,050	45,670	10	10	0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	290	160	135	175	75	95	959,130	498,125	461,010	210	110	95
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,560	13,975	14,585	40	0	35
All occupations¹⁹¹	290	160	135	170	75	90	930,570	484,150	446,425	170	105	60
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,540	10,000	4,545	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	30	35	30	20	10	180,355	69,570	110,785	30	15	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	25	15	10	15	15	0	101,555	76,005	25,555	40	35	0
3 Health occupations	25	25	0	25	10	15	75,605	18,730	56,870	0	0	0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	35	15	20	45	0	40	124,755	41,025	83,730	35	20	15
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	30	10	20	10	10	0	56,870	29,555	27,310	15	10	0
6 Sales and service occupations	85	40	40	25	0	20	234,485	120,480	114,005	40	20	20
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	15	0	0	0	0	98,535	89,140	9,395	10	0	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	38,850	25,795	13,060	10	10	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	290	160	135	175	75	95	959,130	498,125	461,010	210	110	95
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,560	13,975	14,585	40	0	35
All industries¹⁹¹	290	160	135	170	75	90	930,570	484,150	446,425	170	105	60
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,195	805	390	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0
23 Construction	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,445	28,300	5,150	10	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	20	15	0	10	10	0	76,115	51,395	24,725	0	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	0	0	0	33,845	20,380	13,470	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	40	15	20	15	0	0	98,705	49,745	48,960	20	0	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,075	38,320	10,755	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	20	0	20	10	10	0	40,020	24,295	15,730	10	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	10	0	10	0	0	0	47,065	23,830	23,235	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	15	0	15	16,780	9,730	7,045	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	15	15	10	10	0	113,755	65,950	47,800	40	35	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	850	875	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	10	10	0	10	0	0	45,325	27,460	17,860	10	0	0
61 Educational services	35	15	20	35	0	30	84,380	31,030	53,350	25	20	0
62 Health care and social assistance	35	25	10	30	10	20	128,175	32,195	95,980	0	0	0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	10	0	0	0	0	0	20,970	10,860	10,105	10	0	10
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	10	0	0	0	53,745	29,185	24,555	10	10	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	35	15	15	0	0	0	39,595	16,105	23,490	0	0	0
91 Public administration	25	15	10	0	0	0	38,595	18,740	19,850	10	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	315	175	140	205	95	115	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	185	115	75
English	0	0	0	0	0	0	161,015	89,010	72,005	110	70	40
French	175	105	70	145	45	95	399,340	197,680	201,660	15	0	10
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0
English and French	125	55	65	60	45	15	405,305	214,915	190,385	60	40	20
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,790	6,090	4,695	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,145	3,405	3,745	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,465	12,730	12,735	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	260	160	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	315	175	140	205	95	115	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	185	115	75
Single responses	300	165	135	190	85	105	908,980	471,095	437,880	170	95	70
Official languages	295	160	135	190	85	105	895,835	464,520	431,315	160	95	70
English	20	10	10	0	0	0	286,010	155,790	130,215	115	75	40
French	275	155	120	185	85	105	609,825	308,725	301,095	50	15	30
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,145	6,580	6,565	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,580	6,545	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	720	575	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	710	570	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,190	670	520	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	535	685	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,045	460	585	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	95	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	55	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,260	3,210	3,055	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	60	25	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	180	370	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	550	180	370	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	65	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	130	250	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	405	425	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	385	405	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	55	120	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,695	935	755	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,405	760	650	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	615	465	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	110	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	150	105	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	30	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	25	105	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	100	145	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	55	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	550	590	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	30	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	50	30	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	10	0	20	10	10	107,830	56,590	51,240	25	15	0
English and French	15	10	0	20	10	10	99,075	52,050	47,030	25	15	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	315	175	140	205	95	115	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	185	115	75
None	195	120	75	165	55	105	667,690	342,985	324,705	150	95	50
English	90	40	50	35	35	0	201,200	106,725	94,480	35	10	20
French	20	0	10	0	0	0	115,950	61,585	54,365	0	0	0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	7,790	7,135	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,860	7,770	7,095	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	540	610	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	80	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	895	745	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	270	145	125	170	70	90	859,920	445,255	414,665	150	95	50
Worked at home	95	30	65	60	25	35	260,415	132,065	128,355	85	55	25
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	15	15	0	10	0	0	81,290	57,160	24,130	15	0	10
Usual place of work	155	95	60	100	50	55	515,440	254,310	261,130	50	35	15
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	155	95	60	100	50	55	515,440	254,310	261,135	55	35	20
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	110	60	45	80	30	50	413,515	195,935	217,580	50	35	15
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	10	10	0	0	0	46,495	24,705	21,790	0	0	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	35	25	10	15	10	0	53,810	32,610	21,200	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	170	110	60	110	50	55	596,730	311,465	285,265	65	40	25
Car, truck or van	95	70	25	100	50	45	338,295	197,990	140,305	15	10	0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	95	70	25	90	45	40	313,045	188,685	124,360	15	10	0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	10	0	0	25,245	9,300	15,940	0	0	0
Public transit	40	20	20	0	0	0	169,380	71,050	98,330	15	0	15
Walked	25	20	0	10	0	10	57,390	24,650	32,735	30	20	10
Bicycle	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,425	11,990	8,430	0	0	0
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	170	110	60	110	50	55	596,730	311,465	285,265	65	40	25
Less than 15 minutes	15	0	10	25	10	20	106,580	52,520	54,070	25	10	0
15 to 29 minutes	60	35	25	45	10	30	211,950	113,835	98,115	15	0	10
30 to 44 minutes	65	50	20	30	25	10	161,385	87,950	73,435	20	15	0
45 to 59 minutes	30	15	10	0	0	0	62,880	30,620	32,255	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	10	10	0	0	0	0	53,935	26,540	27,400	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	170	110	60	110	50	55	596,730	311,465	285,265	65	40	25
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	10	10	0	0	0	0	35,870	26,330	9,540	10	10	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	30	30	0	0	0	0	86,515	50,895	35,625	0	0	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30	25	10	35	20	20	147,765	69,890	77,880	0	0	0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	40	10	35	20	20	0	130,185	59,500	70,680	15	0	10
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	40	25	15	25	0	25	93,190	44,255	48,935	20	10	10
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	25	15	0	15	0	15	103,205	60,595	42,610	25	15	15
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	80	50	35	55	25	35	321,810	164,440	157,375	15	5	10
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	0	0	0	80,715	41,690	39,030	10	5	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	45	25	55	25	35	241,095	122,750	118,345	5	0	0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	50	35	20	40	15	25	226,825	115,930	110,890	10	5	5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	0	0	0	60,615	31,295	29,320	5	5	0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	0	0	0	48,760	25,220	23,545	5	5	0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,080	5,775	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	25	15	35	15	25	166,210	84,635	81,575	5	0	5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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