Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661543More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	392	...	...	1,762,949	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,704,694	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	166	...	...	878,542	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	153	...	...	816,338	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	22,400.0	...	...	4,833.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.02	...	...	364.74	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	390	195	200	1,762,950	867,975	894,980
0 to 14 years	80	35	50	270,430	138,255	132,170
0 to 4 years	30	15	15	88,670	45,335	43,335
5 to 9 years	30	15	20	93,325	47,700	45,620
10 to 14 years	20	10	15	88,435	45,220	43,215
15 to 64 years	255	135	115	1,197,045	603,075	593,965
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	82,475	41,675	40,805
20 to 24 years	20	15	5	125,235	63,220	62,015
25 to 29 years	25	10	15	153,995	77,680	76,315
30 to 34 years	40	20	20	146,855	73,810	73,040
35 to 39 years	40	20	15	135,880	67,835	68,040
40 to 44 years	35	15	15	127,165	63,885	63,285
45 to 49 years	20	15	10	110,130	55,495	54,630
50 to 54 years	15	10	5	105,545	54,115	51,435
55 to 59 years	25	15	10	108,040	55,305	52,730
60 to 64 years	15	10	10	101,725	50,055	51,670
65 years and over	55	25	30	295,475	126,635	168,845
65 to 69 years	15	10	5	85,025	40,115	44,915
70 to 74 years	10	5	5	72,300	32,855	39,445
75 to 79 years	10	0	5	52,720	22,645	30,075
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	39,395	15,780	23,610
85 years and over	10	5	10	46,035	15,250	30,790
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	27,835	10,185	17,655
90 to 94 years	5	0	5	14,360	4,155	10,205
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	3,375	825	2,560
100 years and over	0	0	0	465	90	375
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.5	17.9	25.0	15.3	15.9	14.8
15 to 64 years	65.4	69.2	57.5	67.9	69.5	66.4
65 years and over	14.1	12.8	15.0	16.8	14.6	18.9
85 years and over	2.6	2.6	5.0	2.6	1.8	3.4
Average age of the population	37.9	38.0	37.8	40.6	39.5	41.7
Median age of the population	36.4	37.2	36.0	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	155	...	...	816,340	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	58,065	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	25,740	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	26,175	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	40	...	...	107,565	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	105	...	...	464,420	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	130,615	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,350	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	415	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	155	...	...	816,335	...	...
1 person	45	...	...	341,345	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	242,175	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	103,550	...	...
4 persons	20	...	...	82,715	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	46,560	...	...
Number of persons in private households	390	195	200	1,723,210	851,575	871,635
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	310	160	150	1,492,520	729,715	762,810
Married or living common-law	170	90	80	705,905	356,290	349,615
Married	140	70	70	475,835	239,100	236,735
Living common-law	30	15	15	230,070	117,190	112,880
Living common law - Never married	25	15	15	196,170	99,370	96,795
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	2,885	1,655	1,230
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	0	28,550	15,015	13,530
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,465	1,140	1,320
Not married and not living common-law	140	70	65	786,615	373,420	413,195
Not married and not living common law - Never married	90	60	35	572,045	304,055	267,990
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	5	5	31,535	13,590	17,945
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	25	5	15	113,315	41,760	71,560
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	0	15	69,720	14,020	55,700
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	100	...	...	428,615	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	221,015	...	...
3 persons	25	...	...	92,715	...	...
4 persons	25	...	...	77,780	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	37,105	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	105	...	...	428,610	...	...
Total couple families	75	...	...	338,830	...	...
Married couples	60	...	...	223,910	...	...
With children⁶	50	...	...	133,435	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	90,475	...	...
Common-law couples	15	...	...	114,915	...	...
With children⁶	5	...	...	41,490	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	73,430	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	89,785	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	72,595	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	17,190	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	390	195	200	1,723,210	851,575	871,630
Total - Persons in census families	320	160	165	1,231,380	602,840	628,545
Married spouses or common-law partners	155	80	75	677,655	341,670	335,985
Parents in one-parent families	30	5	20	89,785	17,190	72,595
Children⁶	145	70	70	463,940	243,975	219,965
In a two-parent family	100	50	45	329,670	172,390	157,285
In a one-parent family	40	15	25	134,270	71,585	62,680
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	70	40	30	491,830	248,740	243,090
Living alone	45	20	20	341,350	165,410	175,935
Living with other relatives⁷	5	5	5	45,070	20,400	24,670
Living with non-relatives only	15	10	5	105,415	62,925	42,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	150	...	...	816,335	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	90	...	...	394,155	...	...
Couple-family households	65	...	...	317,105	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	163,645	...	...
Without children	25	...	...	153,460	...	...
One-parent-family households	25	...	...	77,045	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	11,240	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,730	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	14,975	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5	...	...	52,900	...	...
One-person households	45	...	...	341,345	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	310	160	155	1,453,280	713,595	739,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	145	140	1,396,100	685,155	710,950
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,800	25,600	26,600	36,800	38,800	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	285	145	140	1,396,475	685,330	711,145
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,000	24,600	25,600	33,200	34,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	210	110	95	1,227,255	612,060	615,200
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	18,400	12,100	30,200	34,000	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	100	80	1,021,705	527,390	494,315
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	18,000	21,600	14,400	32,400	35,200	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	265	135	130	1,175,325	551,265	624,060
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	11,800	15,000	10,700	9,500	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	35	15	15	157,000	78,185	78,815
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	x	x	5,520	5,480	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	120	70	55	472,820	247,320	225,500
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	385	195	185	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	160	170	1,396,365	685,790	710,575
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,700	33,600	27,800	50,120	55,450	45,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	330	160	170	1,396,760	685,970	710,790
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,700	29,800	25,600	40,680	43,560	37,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	245	135	115	1,226,320	612,170	614,155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	23,000	27,600	17,600	45,560	52,350	38,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	205	115	90	1,021,715	527,765	493,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,200	30,000	21,600	46,120	51,700	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	315	145	165	1,174,640	550,810	623,830
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,600	12,000	16,800	12,020	10,830	13,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60	30	30	156,980	78,065	78,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,400	9,500	6,800	6,070	7,510
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	90	75	471,875	247,465	224,410
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,400	9,200	9,130	9,180	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	385	195	185	1,453,295	713,750	739,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45	30	20	452,020	244,470	207,545
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	x	x	58,400	61,600	55,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	64,000	50,000	74,000	81,500	65,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	75	55	450,610	222,280	228,330
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	10,900	11,000	8,000	16,400	17,400	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	22,000	10,000	26,120	28,320	24,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	56.0	68.0	42.0	79.8	84.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	53.0	64.0	40.0	67.4	71.8	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	44.0	32.0	59.0	20.2	15.7	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.8	3.6	6.0	1.5	1.3	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	16.0	16.0	16.4	6.9	6.5	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	14.2	14.4	14.0	6.2	6.0	6.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	310	160	150	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without total income	25	15	10	57,180	28,440	28,735
With total income	285	145	140	1,396,100	685,155	710,945
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	120,165	57,640	62,520
$10,000 to $19,999	60	35	30	179,185	83,775	95,410
$20,000 to $29,999	60	30	35	259,695	119,565	140,135
$30,000 to $39,999	50	30	20	194,585	93,585	101,000
$40,000 to $49,999	30	15	15	163,390	78,450	84,940
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	15	123,115	58,355	64,755
$60,000 to $69,999	0	0	0	88,460	43,350	45,110
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	5	64,815	33,230	31,590
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	50,645	26,325	24,320
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	36,060	19,280	16,785
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	115,980	71,595	44,385
$100,000 to $149,999	0	0	0	74,835	44,155	30,680
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	41,145	27,440	13,705
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	310	160	150	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without after-tax income	25	15	10	56,805	28,265	28,535
With after-tax income	285	145	140	1,396,475	685,335	711,140
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	124,825	59,490	65,335
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	188,395	88,605	99,785
$20,000 to $29,999	70	30	35	303,115	142,120	161,000
$30,000 to $39,999	55	35	25	231,960	113,680	118,280
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	15	183,475	88,390	95,090
$50,000 to $59,999	15	5	5	123,490	59,975	63,515
$60,000 to $69,999	15	0	10	81,775	41,055	40,725
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	0	52,690	27,360	25,330
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	32,505	18,175	14,325
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	21,155	12,260	8,890
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	53,090	34,210	18,885
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	25,835	15,730	10,105
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	27,260	18,485	8,775
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	310	160	150	1,453,280	713,595	739,680
Without employment income	135	60	70	431,575	186,210	245,365
With employment income	175	95	75	1,021,705	527,385	494,320
Under $5,000 (including loss)	35	10	25	145,910	71,820	74,090
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	10	99,605	47,595	52,010
$10,000 to $19,999	30	20	10	136,545	66,030	70,515
$20,000 to $29,999	30	25	5	105,255	51,415	53,840
$30,000 to $39,999	15	5	5	98,425	50,780	47,640
$40,000 to $49,999	15	10	5	94,645	47,585	47,065
$50,000 to $59,999	5	5	0	76,170	39,085	37,085
$60,000 to $69,999	5	0	0	59,460	31,825	27,635
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	46,765	25,580	21,185
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	40,295	21,350	18,945
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	27,160	15,825	11,340
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	91,480	58,500	32,980
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	40,345	24,630	15,710
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	51,135	33,870	17,270
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	310	160	155	1,453,280	713,595	739,685
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	140	135	1,355,225	663,385	691,840
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,000	22,600	21,800	33,200	35,600	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	275	140	135	1,355,570	663,490	692,080
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	21,600	21,600	21,600	30,400	32,000	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	200	105	90	1,196,380	596,375	600,005
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	19,200	20,600	18,000	31,400	35,200	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	170	95	70	1,000,475	515,695	484,790
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	22,800	23,000	21,400	33,200	36,000	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	250	130	125	1,066,120	490,855	575,265
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	4,800	7,750	4,280	2,660	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	20	5	10	104,820	51,840	52,980
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	x	x	x	5,080	4,640	5,640
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	385	195	185	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	145	170	1,355,285	663,595	691,695
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	31,600	23,600	46,600	52,150	41,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	315	145	170	1,355,700	663,725	691,975
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,600	27,600	22,000	37,760	40,880	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	225	120	110	1,195,295	596,055	599,245
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	26,200	32,500	19,200	45,560	52,600	38,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	200	110	95	999,875	515,515	484,355
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,400	33,000	20,400	46,040	51,800	39,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	295	135	160	1,066,040	490,710	575,335
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,700	5,900	13,000	8,160	6,610	9,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30	0	20	104,790	51,525	53,260
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	13,000	...	13,000	7,380	5,970	8,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	385	195	185	1,453,295	713,750	739,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	45	30	20	446,040	241,000	205,040
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	45,600	x	x	52,800	56,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	52,000	40,000	67,700	75,300	58,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	120	75	50	411,950	203,780	208,170
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	25,600	11,400	21,600	23,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	29,000	16,000	31,400	34,200	28,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	67.0	84.0	50.0	86.2	90.6	80.8
Employment income (%)	64.0	78.0	46.0	72.8	77.2	67.6
Government transfers (%)	32.5	17.0	50.0	13.8	9.4	19.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	4.5	x	7.0	1.2	0.9	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	155	...	...	816,335	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	56,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	45	...	...	341,345	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	25,200	...	...	33,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	105	...	...	474,990	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	78,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	155	...	...	816,355	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	85,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	59,000	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	25	...	...	341,250	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	39,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	135	...	...	475,105	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	112,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	155	...	...	816,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	17,005	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	9,785	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	16,775	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	24,425	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	54,215	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	38,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	37,880	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	38,590	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	39,530	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	37,970	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	69,550	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	10	...	...	62,125	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	55,220	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	49,040	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5	...	...	41,220	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	224,580	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	76,005	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	48,680	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	0	...	...	51,900	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	47,995	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	155	...	...	816,335	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	18,250	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,005	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	17,050	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	26,035	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	59,285	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	46,355	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	45,485	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	47,370	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	46,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	43,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	78,470	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	68,975	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	10	...	...	59,285	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	49,000	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	0	...	...	39,955	...	...
$100,000 and over	10	...	...	160,295	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	10	...	...	68,460	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	0	...	...	38,400	...	...
$150,000 and over	0	...	...	53,430	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	100	...	...	435,310	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	156,425	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	175,465	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	86,340	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	52,000	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	65	35	30	446,765	228,335	218,420
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,800	23,800	27,400	34,000	34,400	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	24,600	23,600	25,600	30,800	31,000	30,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	120	...	...	435,360	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	115,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15	...	...	156,545	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	45,000	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	175,580	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	114,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	86,035	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	75,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	65,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	50	20	30	446,290	227,645	218,645
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	22,000	x	30,000	44,280	45,400	43,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	20,000	x	28,000	36,760	37,240	36,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	395	195	195	1,723,215	851,580	871,635
0 to 17 years	100	45	55	316,605	161,795	154,815
0 to 5 years	35	15	20	107,500	54,865	52,630
18 to 64 years	240	125	110	1,140,405	572,585	567,820
65 years and over	55	25	30	266,200	117,200	149,000
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115	60	55	299,080	143,995	155,085
0 to 17 years	35	15	20	49,430	25,350	24,085
0 to 5 years	10	5	5	17,500	8,905	8,595
18 to 64 years	60	35	25	184,970	93,610	91,360
65 years and over	25	5	15	64,675	25,040	39,635
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	29.6	32.0	27.0	17.4	16.9	17.8
0 to 17 years (%)	32.0	32.0	28.0	15.6	15.7	15.6
0 to 5 years (%)	32.0	40.0	20.0	16.3	16.2	16.3
18 to 64 years (%)	26.0	30.0	20.0	16.2	16.3	16.1
65 years and over (%)	44.0	40.0	45.0	24.3	21.4	26.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	390	195	200	1,723,210	851,575	871,630
0 to 17 years	100	45	50	316,610	161,790	154,815
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	107,500	54,870	52,635
18 to 64 years	235	125	110	1,140,405	572,580	567,825
65 years and over	60	25	30	266,195	117,200	148,995
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80	45	35	199,665	102,220	97,440
0 to 17 years	25	10	15	26,605	13,610	12,995
0 to 5 years	5	10	0	9,255	4,715	4,540
18 to 64 years	50	30	20	144,765	77,525	67,235
65 years and over	5	5	5	28,295	11,090	17,205
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	19.5	22.0	17.0	11.6	12.0	11.2
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	28.0	20.0	8.4	8.4	8.4
0 to 5 years (%)	25.0	40.0	x	8.6	8.6	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	20.0	24.0	16.0	12.7	13.5	11.8
65 years and over (%)	10.0	x	12.0	10.6	9.5	11.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	390	195	200	1,723,215	851,575	871,635
In bottom half of the distribution	345	170	170	1,097,735	535,190	562,545
In bottom decile	105	60	45	278,660	138,645	140,020
In second decile	90	40	50	226,095	107,680	118,415
In third decile	75	40	40	221,215	107,370	113,845
In fourth decile	40	20	20	197,520	96,110	101,415
In fifth decile	35	15	20	174,245	85,395	88,855
In top half of the distribution	55	20	30	625,475	316,385	309,090
In sixth decile	15	10	5	150,945	74,795	76,155
In seventh decile	15	5	10	134,455	67,455	67,000
In eighth decile	10	0	5	121,350	61,450	59,900
In ninth decile	0	0	0	108,785	55,650	53,130
In top decile	0	0	0	109,935	57,030	52,905
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	390	...	...	1,723,210	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.574	...	...	0.516	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.318	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	390	195	200	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English only	125	65	60	207,690	107,915	99,775
French only	30	15	10	473,490	215,190	258,295
English and French	190	90	100	1,018,100	519,275	498,830
Neither English nor French	50	20	25	41,975	16,745	25,230
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	390	195	200	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English	195	100	95	457,725	231,930	225,795
French	85	45	40	1,091,480	533,590	557,890
English and French	65	30	35	151,345	77,485	73,865
Neither English nor French	50	20	25	40,705	16,120	24,585
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	390	195	200	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
Single responses	355	175	180	1,615,770	796,000	819,775
Official languages	120	65	55	1,044,150	518,340	525,805
English	60	30	30	225,920	115,155	110,765
French	60	35	25	818,225	403,185	415,040
Non-official languages	235	110	125	571,625	277,655	293,970
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	355	125	230
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	190	70	120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	165	60	105
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20
Cree languages	0	0	0	95	35	60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	35	15	20
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	20	30
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	5	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	135	30	105
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	135	30	105
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	15	10	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	15	10	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	235	110	125	571,270	277,530	293,740
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	119,100	63,230	55,865
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,445	8,305	7,140
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,315	7,650	6,660
Tamazight	0	0	0	985	570	415
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	150	85	65
Chadic languages	0	0	0	335	180	160
Hausa	0	0	0	175	100	70
Mina	0	0	0	165	80	90
Coptic	0	0	0	165	90	75
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	765	360	410
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	735	345	390
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	5	0	0	102,380	54,295	48,085
Amharic	0	0	0	495	235	255
Arabic	5	0	0	99,450	52,790	46,660
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	120	50	65
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	40	15	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	30	40
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,580	845	735
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	705	360	340
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	23,210	10,690	12,525
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,580	2,090	2,500
Vietnamese	5	5	5	18,595	8,585	10,005
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	35	20	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	15,495	6,045	9,455
Bikol	0	0	0	85	40	50
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	305	120	180
Cebuano	0	0	0	680	250	430
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	390	130	260
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,650	670	980
Indonesian	0	0	0	405	165	240
Kankanaey	0	0	0	15	10	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	410	185	225
Merina	0	0	0	285	120	160
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	130	65	65
Malay	0	0	0	45	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	160	75	90
Pangasinan	0	0	0	90	40	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	10,970	4,220	6,755
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	40	15	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	215	100	115
Creole languages	5	5	0	36,965	16,655	20,310
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,145	12,010	15,135
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	910	440	470
Sango	0	0	0	50	25	20
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	8,605	4,065	4,535
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	100	125
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	12,090	6,330	5,765
Kannada	0	0	0	225	140	90
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,315	700	610
Tamil	15	5	10	9,175	4,555	4,615
Telugu	0	0	0	1,350	915	430
Tulu	0	0	0	15	10	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Georgian	0	0	0	105	45	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	195	90	105	289,040	139,810	149,235
Albanian	0	0	0	1,795	885	910
Armenian	0	0	0	5,565	2,645	2,920
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	29,665	13,025	16,635
Baltic languages	0	0	0	315	125	195
Latvian	0	0	0	115	55	60
Lithuanian	0	0	0	205	70	140
Slavic languages	5	0	5	29,350	12,905	16,445
Belarusian	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,100	1,440	1,660
Czech	0	0	0	555	255	300
Macedonian	0	0	0	95	40	55
Polish	0	0	0	5,875	2,530	3,345
Russian	0	0	0	14,020	6,080	7,940
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	2,580	1,265	1,320
Bosnian	0	0	0	340	170	175
Croatian	0	0	0	865	415	450
Serbian	0	0	0	1,300	645	650
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	35	45
Slovak	0	0	0	345	130	220
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	240	100	140
Ukrainian	0	0	0	2,490	1,045	1,440
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Celtic languages	0	0	0	40	25	10
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	15	10	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	11,285	5,660	5,630
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
High German languages	0	0	0	9,860	4,925	4,935
German	0	0	0	3,360	1,560	1,795
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	235	125	110
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,270	3,240	3,025
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	895	465	430
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	40	25
Dutch	0	0	0	740	390	345
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	85	35	50
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	480	245	230
Danish	0	0	0	150	70	80
Icelandic	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	65	35	30
Swedish	0	0	0	230	120	110
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	15	30
Greek	55	25	30	14,410	6,805	7,605
Indo-Iranian languages	130	65	70	58,285	30,880	27,410
Indo-Aryan languages	130	65	70	42,700	23,120	19,580
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bengali	10	5	5	9,850	5,065	4,785
Gujarati	5	5	5	4,805	2,565	2,235
Hindi	10	10	5	3,655	2,135	1,520
Kacchi	0	0	0	90	40	45
Kashmiri	0	0	0	25	15	5
Konkani	0	0	0	55	35	20
Marathi	0	0	0	345	200	145
Nepali	0	0	0	330	170	160
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	20
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	65	35	30	16,345	9,050	7,290
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	45	30	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	390	205	190
Urdu	45	20	30	6,535	3,480	3,060
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	170	95	75
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,575	7,755	7,820
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	435	245	190
Parsi	0	0	0	25	20	10
Pashto	0	0	0	975	525	450
Persian languages	0	0	0	14,065	6,930	7,135
Dari	0	0	0	1,085	520	565
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	11,665	5,750	5,915
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,315	665	650
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages	5	5	0	167,975	79,875	88,100
Catalan	0	0	0	190	90	95
Italian	5	0	5	57,590	26,825	30,760
Portuguese	0	0	0	18,080	8,625	9,455
Romanian	0	0	0	12,300	5,780	6,525
Spanish	0	0	0	79,720	38,505	41,210
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	100	45	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	1,590	475	1,115
Korean	0	0	0	3,810	1,650	2,160
Mongolian	0	0	0	100	35	65
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,245	6,595	6,650
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	620	305	315
Bamanankan	0	0	0	665	360	310
Edo	0	0	0	60	25	35
Éwé	0	0	0	330	185	150
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,245	640	605
Ga	0	0	0	45	25	20
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	5	0
Igbo	0	0	0	90	55	35
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,090	490	595
Lingala	0	0	0	1,680	750	930
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	60	75
Mòoré	0	0	0	150	85	70
Mwani	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	30	15	20
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,320	595	720
Shona	0	0	0	80	40	40
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	795	385	400
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255
Wolof	0	0	0	1,495	800	690
Yoruba	0	0	0	625	325	295
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,045	1,060	980
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	340	190	155
Dinka	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	150	120
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	60	35	25
Sign languages	0	0	0	275	140	135
American Sign Language	0	0	0	35	20	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	185	90	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	30	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	46,550	21,145	25,405
Chinese languages	0	0	0	46,390	21,080	25,315
Hakka	0	0	0	210	85	125
Mandarin	0	0	0	29,410	13,275	16,135
Min Dong	0	0	0	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,730	760	970
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	440	195	240
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	13,690	6,300	7,390
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	435	420
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	120	55	70
Burmese	0	0	0	45	15	30
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	30	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,705	735	965
Lao	0	0	0	1,280	615	665
Thai	0	0	0	405	115	295
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	10
Turkic languages	10	5	5	5,370	2,745	2,625
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	250	155	95
Kazakh	0	0	0	25	15	15
Turkish	10	5	5	4,825	2,455	2,370
Uyghur	0	0	0	140	65	75
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	30	55
Uralic languages	0	0	0	2,190	965	1,225
Estonian	0	0	0	70	30	40
Finnish	0	0	0	140	55	85
Hungarian	0	0	0	1,985	880	1,105
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	40	35
Multiple responses	40	20	15	125,490	63,125	62,360
English and French	15	5	10	35,195	17,970	17,225
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	26,945	13,375	13,565
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	44,880	22,480	22,400
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	13,590	7,010	6,580
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	4,880	2,290	2,590
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	390	195	200	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
English	50	30	20	236,770	119,975	116,790
French	45	25	20	743,335	365,685	377,655
Non-official language	120	55	65	182,560	86,255	96,305
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	70	30	40
Non-Indigenous	120	55	65	182,495	86,230	96,265
English and French	15	5	15	146,050	75,850	70,210
English and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	111,510	55,685	55,830
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	174,715	83,145	91,570
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	135,525	67,480	68,045
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	10,780	5,055	5,720
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	390	195	200	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
Single responses	335	170	175	1,586,665	782,610	804,055
Official languages	145	80	70	1,255,565	623,405	632,155
English	85	40	40	347,110	175,135	171,970
French	60	35	30	908,455	448,270	460,180
Non-official languages	190	85	100	331,100	159,200	171,905
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	125	50	75
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	80	35	45
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	70	25	45
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cree languages	0	0	0	40	20	25
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	5	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	35	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	5	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	85	105	330,975	159,150	171,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	61,235	31,705	29,525
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,795	3,645	3,145
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,320	3,390	2,930
Tamazight	0	0	0	360	195	165
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	50
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Hausa	0	0	0	80	45	45
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25
Coptic	0	0	0	120	65	60
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	365	170	195
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	345	160	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	53,825	27,770	26,060
Amharic	0	0	0	240	115	125
Arabic	0	0	0	52,330	27,000	25,325
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	75	30	45
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	5	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	35	20	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	715	375	335
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	445	230	215
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	16,465	7,600	8,865
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,860	1,295	1,560
Vietnamese	5	5	5	13,590	6,300	7,290
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	9,325	3,930	5,395
Bikol	0	0	0	35	15	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100
Cebuano	0	0	0	425	180	250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	235	90	145
Ilocano	0	0	0	960	415	545
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	85	90
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	5
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	115	55	60
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	20	25
Malay	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	85	45	45
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	6,960	2,890	4,070
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	10	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	50
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,395	7,710	9,685
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,640	5,455	7,185
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	5	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	475	225	250
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,185	1,980	2,210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	40	40
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	9,345	4,775	4,570
Kannada	0	0	0	115	65	50
Malayalam	0	0	0	970	520	445
Tamil	15	5	10	7,425	3,635	3,790
Telugu	0	0	0	820	550	275
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	5
Georgian	0	0	0	45	20	25
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	160	75	85	168,495	80,690	87,800
Albanian	0	0	0	1,050	505	540
Armenian	0	0	0	3,895	1,770	2,120
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	17,140	7,850	9,295
Baltic languages	0	0	0	85	40	50
Latvian	0	0	0	35	20	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	50	25	30
Slavic languages	0	0	0	17,055	7,810	9,250
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,020	960	1,060
Czech	0	0	0	165	75	90
Macedonian	0	0	0	60	25	30
Polish	0	0	0	2,505	1,085	1,420
Russian	0	0	0	9,755	4,475	5,285
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,200	575	630
Bosnian	0	0	0	170	80	90
Croatian	0	0	0	365	165	200
Serbian	0	0	0	645	320	325
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15
Slovak	0	0	0	70	30	40
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	85	40	45
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,185	545	640
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	5	10	0
Irish	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,300	3,280	3,020
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
High German languages	0	0	0	6,055	3,160	2,895
German	0	0	0	510	245	270
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	20	10	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,525	2,905	2,615
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	145	70	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dutch	0	0	0	105	55	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	0	5
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	85	40	50
Danish	0	0	0	15	10	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	15	5	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swedish	0	0	0	45	20	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Greek	40	15	20	7,530	3,370	4,165
Indo-Iranian languages	115	55	65	43,235	22,475	20,760
Indo-Aryan languages	115	55	65	32,115	17,085	15,025
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	15	5	5	7,290	3,630	3,660
Gujarati	5	5	5	3,250	1,705	1,545
Hindi	10	5	0	2,460	1,380	1,075
Kacchi	0	0	0	60	30	35
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	15	5	5
Marathi	0	0	0	160	90	70
Nepali	0	0	0	225	115	105
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	25	20	13,485	7,465	6,020
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	10	10	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	245	130	115
Urdu	40	15	25	4,795	2,465	2,335
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50
Iranian languages	0	0	0	11,115	5,390	5,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	220	120	105
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	750	405	350
Persian languages	0	0	0	10,090	4,835	5,250
Dari	0	0	0	675	320	355
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	8,570	4,115	4,460
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	845	400	440
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	89,325	41,435	47,885
Catalan	0	0	0	75	30	40
Italian	5	0	5	21,255	8,905	12,350
Portuguese	0	0	0	9,715	4,550	5,165
Romanian	0	0	0	7,290	3,495	3,800
Spanish	0	0	0	50,960	24,440	26,520
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	705	285	425
Korean	0	0	0	2,705	1,205	1,495
Mongolian	0	0	0	55	25	30
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,240	2,060	2,180
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	340	160	180
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	85	45	40
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	235	220
Ga	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	335	145	190
Lingala	0	0	0	570	255	320
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	465	215	250
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	290	155	135
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80
Wolof	0	0	0	600	325	275
Yoruba	0	0	0	180	85	90
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	330	150	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	105	60	45
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	515	300	220
American Sign Language	0	0	0	90	45	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	305	165	140
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	85	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	35,185	16,285	18,900
Chinese languages	0	0	0	35,100	16,245	18,855
Hakka	0	0	0	75	35	35
Mandarin	0	0	0	23,585	10,965	12,620
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,050	460	590
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	285	135	145
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	9,590	4,395	5,195
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	505	250	255
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	65	30	35
Burmese	0	0	0	30	10	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	870	405	465
Lao	0	0	0	715	350	370
Thai	0	0	0	150	60	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	3,575	1,790	1,780
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	100	60	40
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkish	5	0	5	3,325	1,665	1,660
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	695	285	415
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	20	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	675	275	400
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	10
Multiple responses	55	25	25	154,590	76,515	78,075
English and French	15	5	10	45,705	23,415	22,290
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	32,655	15,945	16,710
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	55,175	26,790	28,385
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	19,445	9,630	9,820
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	1,605	740	865
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	390	195	200	1,741,260	859,120	882,135
None	250	125	120	1,279,175	629,625	649,555
English	35	15	20	115,715	59,690	56,025
French	10	5	5	109,450	53,550	55,895
Non-official language	50	30	25	129,625	62,430	67,195
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	145	55	90
Non-Indigenous	50	30	25	129,480	62,370	67,105
English and French	15	5	10	29,960	15,165	14,790
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	35,695	18,170	17,525
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	27,860	13,495	14,370
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,580	1,835	1,740
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	0	10,200	5,165	5,035
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	475	245	230	1,723,225	851,610	871,615
Official languages	420	230	195	1,681,610	834,860	846,755
English	385	200	185	1,216,575	623,125	593,455
French	270	155	115	1,475,945	727,525	748,420
Non-official languages	370	190	185	862,365	420,005	442,360
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	800	315	485
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	365	150	210
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	260	100	160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15
Cree languages	0	0	0	150	60	90
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	65	30	40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	70	25	45
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	90	50	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	55	30	30
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	35	15	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	315	75	235
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	310	75	235
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	50	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	60	45	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	370	190	185	861,690	419,765	441,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	193,965	101,880	92,090
Berber languages	0	0	0	23,765	12,670	11,095
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,490	11,425	10,070
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,020	1,120	900
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,205	655	545
Hausa	0	0	0	575	370	210
Mina	0	0	0	625	290	340
Coptic	0	0	0	745	385	360
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,160	540	615
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,115	515	600
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40
Semitic languages	0	0	0	182,025	95,605	86,420
Amharic	0	0	0	780	375	405
Arabic	0	0	0	173,385	91,115	82,270
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	215	95	125
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	45	20	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	155	70	95
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	7,665	4,080	3,580
Maltese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	30,875	14,470	16,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	6,850	3,180	3,675
Vietnamese	0	0	0	24,550	11,565	12,985
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	50	25	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	24,510	9,720	14,785
Bikol	0	0	0	175	65	110
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	450	200	255
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,155	395	755
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	765	265	500
Ilocano	0	0	0	2,925	1,225	1,700
Indonesian	0	0	0	805	365	440
Kankanaey	0	0	0	45	25	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	835	405	425
Merina	0	0	0	655	320	335
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90
Malay	0	0	0	355	190	165
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	355	165	200
Pangasinan	0	0	0	120	55	65
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	21,575	8,340	13,235
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	905	390	515
Creole languages	0	0	0	74,245	33,880	40,365
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	66,445	30,045	36,400
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	215	115	105
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,365	1,215	1,140
Sango	0	0	0	185	100	80
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,950	5,630	6,320
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,520	685	835
Dravidian languages	50	15	35	16,725	8,745	7,975
Kannada	0	0	0	540	325	215
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,760	935	825
Tamil	50	15	35	12,940	6,480	6,465
Telugu	0	0	0	2,415	1,600	815
Tulu	0	0	0	30	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	150	75	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	320	175	145	450,480	219,660	230,825
Albanian	0	0	0	2,425	1,220	1,205
Armenian	0	0	0	7,185	3,350	3,835
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	40,980	19,110	21,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	530	215	315
Latvian	0	0	0	190	85	105
Lithuanian	0	0	0	340	135	210
Slavic languages	0	0	0	40,615	18,955	21,660
Belarusian	0	0	0	160	55	105
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,765	1,820	1,945
Czech	0	0	0	990	455	535
Macedonian	0	0	0	215	80	135
Polish	0	0	0	7,925	3,535	4,390
Russian	0	0	0	23,995	11,285	12,705
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,390	1,700	1,695
Bosnian	0	0	0	675	315	365
Croatian	0	0	0	1,515	775	740
Serbian	0	0	0	1,725	840	885
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	60	40
Slovak	0	0	0	590	250	340
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	345	145	200
Ukrainian	0	0	0	4,905	2,155	2,745
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	10	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	275	150	125
Irish	0	0	0	120	65	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	35	20	15
Welsh	0	0	0	35	20	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	45	45
Germanic languages	0	0	0	28,325	14,670	13,655
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25
High German languages	0	0	0	25,545	13,365	12,180
German	0	0	0	17,050	8,935	8,110
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	300	120	175
Yiddish	0	0	0	8,490	4,455	4,030
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,020	1,005	1,025
Afrikaans	0	0	0	205	95	105
Dutch	0	0	0	1,645	825	820
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	175	85	90
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,440	725	710
Danish	0	0	0	425	190	230
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	285	155	130
Swedish	0	0	0	820	445	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50
Greek	75	40	35	20,685	9,850	10,830
Indo-Iranian languages	225	130	100	77,115	41,190	35,920
Indo-Aryan languages	225	130	90	58,875	31,985	26,890
Assamese	0	0	0	35	25	15
Bengali	35	25	15	12,945	6,685	6,255
Gujarati	0	0	0	6,930	3,785	3,140
Hindi	100	55	45	24,370	13,400	10,970
Kacchi	0	0	0	195	95	95
Kashmiri	0	0	0	40	25	15
Konkani	0	0	0	155	95	60
Marathi	0	0	0	780	440	340
Nepali	0	0	0	485	270	220
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	20	35
Odia	0	0	0	30	15	15
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	135	80	55	22,580	12,435	10,150
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	100	50	50
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	845	470	370
Urdu	75	30	45	11,425	6,220	5,200
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	500	325	180
Iranian languages	0	0	0	18,895	9,560	9,335
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	780	465	315
Parsi	0	0	0	80	35	40
Pashto	0	0	0	1,225	645	580
Persian languages	0	0	0	17,095	8,600	8,495
Dari	0	0	0	1,280	645	640
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	14,160	7,125	7,040
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,790	920	865
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	55	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	45	35
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	10	293,340	139,795	153,545
Catalan	0	0	0	715	400	315
Italian	0	0	0	95,535	45,630	49,905
Portuguese	0	0	0	28,840	14,425	14,410
Romanian	0	0	0	15,245	7,225	8,020
Spanish	10	0	10	177,230	83,945	93,280
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	405	240	165
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	70	45
Japanese	0	0	0	4,585	2,190	2,400
Korean	0	0	0	5,035	2,200	2,835
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	55	120
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,015	15,555
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,340	755	585
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,540	790	745
Edo	0	0	0	245	115	125
Éwé	0	0	0	865	505	360
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,730	1,485	1,245
Ga	0	0	0	220	145	75
Ganda	0	0	0	75	40	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	45	0	40
Igbo	0	0	0	485	280	205
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,825	855	970
Lingala	0	0	0	7,315	3,405	3,910
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	520	225	295
Mòoré	0	0	0	620	340	280
Mwani	0	0	0	20	15	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	115	70	40
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,045	1,010	1,035
Shona	0	0	0	245	150	95
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	45	15	30
Swahili	0	0	0	3,405	1,710	1,695
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495
Wolof	0	0	0	4,030	2,185	1,840
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,040	1,025	1,015
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,005	3,630	3,375
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	705	390	315
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	690	385	310
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	425	225	200
Sign languages	0	0	0	1,985	795	1,185
American Sign Language	0	0	0	495	160	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,345	510	830
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	340	210	130
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	56,545	26,095	30,455
Chinese languages	0	0	0	56,370	26,025	30,340
Hakka	0	0	0	335	170	160
Mandarin	0	0	0	41,405	18,880	22,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,725	1,170	1,560
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	695	310	390
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	19,045	8,640	10,405
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	860	455	410
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	50	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	180	60	115
Burmese	0	0	0	65	10	60
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	30
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,755	1,240	1,520
Lao	0	0	0	1,985	965	1,020
Thai	0	0	0	1,085	390	695
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	20
Turkic languages	0	0	0	9,265	4,570	4,695
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	520	325	200
Kazakh	0	0	0	60	35	25
Turkish	0	0	0	8,445	4,105	4,340
Uyghur	0	0	0	205	95	110
Uzbek	0	0	0	140	85	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	90	115
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,265	1,435	1,835
Estonian	0	0	0	85	35	50
Finnish	0	0	0	245	120	125
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,945	1,280	1,660
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	245	225	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	15,315	7,080	8,235
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	14,315	6,630	7,685
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,065	3,655	4,415
Métis	0	0	0	5,705	2,835	2,870
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	545	135	405
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	305	150	155
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	695	305	385
Non-Indigenous identity	475	245	225	1,707,915	844,530	863,385
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	475	245	225	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,570	1,890
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	475	245	225	1,719,765	850,040	869,730
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
Owner	30	...	...	297,340	...	...
Renter	125	...	...	519,020	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
Condominium	30	...	...	178,700	...	...
Not condominium	125	...	...	637,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,020	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	254,075	...	...
2 bedrooms	100	...	...	284,300	...	...
3 bedrooms	10	...	...	194,410	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	0	...	...	64,550	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	115	...	...	473,475	...	...
5 rooms	25	...	...	155,105	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	69,335	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	48,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	70,315	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.0	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
One person or fewer per room	120	...	...	789,745	...	...
More than one person per room	30	...	...	26,615	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
Suitable	125	...	...	745,905	...	...
Not suitable	35	...	...	70,450	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
1960 or before	80	...	...	293,880	...	...
1961 to 1980	60	...	...	248,030	...	...
1981 to 1990	0	...	...	89,700	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	57,865	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	28,770	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	30,795	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	33,075	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	34,235	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	135	...	...	746,280	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	70,075	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
One-maintainer household	60	...	...	494,140	...	...
Two-maintainer household	90	...	...	291,245	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	30,970	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	39,665	...	...
25 to 34 years	10	...	...	154,835	...	...
35 to 44 years	35	...	...	156,945	...	...
45 to 54 years	25	...	...	137,925	...	...
55 to 64 years	40	...	...	137,110	...	...
65 to 74 years	15	...	...	105,800	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	59,160	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	24,920	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	150	...	...	808,950	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	120	...	...	612,990	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	30	...	...	195,960	...	...
30% to less than 100%	25	...	...	171,990	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	160	...	...	816,355	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	301,530	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25	...	...	168,425	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	52,965	...	...
Major repairs needed only	0	...	...	46,120	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,065	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	16,530	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	6,480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	940	...	...
Acceptable housing	90	...	...	514,825	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	145	...	...	784,980	...	...
In core need	15	...	...	82,165	...	...
Not in core need	125	...	...	702,815	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35	...	...	297,340	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,700	...	...	1,532	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	680,000	...	...	584,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	125	...	...	519,015	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.8	...	...	27.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.0	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	969	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	475	240	230	1,723,230	851,615	871,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	8,560	3,785	4,780
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,395	3,715	4,680
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,165	3,225	3,935
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	880	380	500
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	350	110	240
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	170	70	100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	70	20	55
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	28,175	12,775	15,400
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	27,945	12,705	15,240
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	25,185	11,485	13,695
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,455	1,140	1,310
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	310	80	235
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	225	70	160
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	195	60	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	475	240	230	1,686,490	835,050	851,435
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	475	245	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	390	190	195	1,434,570	703,030	731,545
Canadian citizens aged under 18	105	60	50	279,730	142,810	136,925
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	285	135	155	1,154,835	560,215	594,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	85	55	30	288,660	148,585	140,075
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	475	245	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	240	130	105	1,017,325	502,500	514,820
Immigrants⁸¹	170	70	100	576,120	278,025	298,100
Before 1980	45	15	35	87,415	40,730	46,685
1980 to 1990	10	0	0	59,835	29,275	30,555
1991 to 2000	50	20	25	95,220	45,340	49,880
2001 to 2010	30	15	15	139,575	67,480	72,090
2011 to 2021⁸²	25	15	15	194,080	95,195	98,885
2011 to 2015	10	0	10	90,040	43,785	46,255
2016 to 2021	20	15	0	104,040	51,410	52,630
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	45	25	129,780	71,085	58,695
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	165	70	100	576,125	278,025	298,100
Under 5 years	0	0	0	45,920	23,340	22,575
5 to 14 years	0	0	0	90,130	45,385	44,740
15 to 24 years	80	25	50	104,655	46,955	57,705
25 to 44 years	65	30	35	290,245	141,865	148,380
45 years and over	10	10	0	45,170	20,475	24,700
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	165	70	100	576,125	278,025	298,100
Americas	0	0	0	127,690	58,995	68,690
Brazil	0	0	0	3,760	1,770	1,990
Colombia	0	0	0	8,195	3,835	4,360
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,400	3,265	3,130
Guyana	0	0	0	1,350	660	690
Haiti	0	0	0	47,555	21,110	26,445
Jamaica	0	0	0	2,670	1,090	1,585
Mexico	0	0	0	8,225	4,005	4,220
Peru	0	0	0	6,715	3,060	3,660
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,120	970	1,155
United States of America	0	0	0	10,180	5,260	4,920
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	30,520	13,985	16,535
Europe	55	15	40	137,155	66,390	70,765
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	780	390	385
Croatia	0	0	0	760	390	375
France	0	0	0	39,280	20,790	18,485
Germany	0	0	0	2,480	1,285	1,200
Greece	50	15	35	7,730	3,445	4,285
Hungary	0	0	0	1,365	650	720
Italy	0	0	0	30,215	14,095	16,120
Netherlands	0	0	0	500	310	190
Poland	0	0	0	4,685	1,965	2,720
Portugal	0	0	0	7,715	3,520	4,195
Romania	0	0	0	9,655	4,440	5,215
Russian Federation	0	0	0	5,520	2,235	3,290
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	675	320	350
Ukraine	0	0	0	4,385	1,940	2,445
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	4,005	2,245	1,755
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	17,395	8,365	9,030
Africa	15	10	10	140,555	71,665	68,890
Algeria	0	0	0	43,840	22,680	21,165
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,025	2,765	3,265
Egypt	0	0	0	9,400	4,720	4,685
Eritrea	0	0	0	495	250	250
Ethiopia	0	0	0	660	305	355
Morocco	0	0	0	33,005	16,490	16,515
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,200	630	565
Somalia	0	0	0	400	200	200
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	415	275	140
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	45,115	23,355	21,760
Asia	100	50	50	169,860	80,480	89,375
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,100	570	535
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	9,815	4,825	4,990
Iraq	0	0	0	1,610	890	725
Lebanon	0	0	0	17,455	9,230	8,220
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	12,040	6,095	5,940
Turkey	0	0	0	4,010	2,020	1,995
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	26,330	11,650	14,680
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,375	1,130	1,245
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	2,680	1,185	1,495
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,265	540	725
Philippines	0	0	0	20,475	7,940	12,535
Viet Nam	0	0	0	16,395	7,460	8,935
Bangladesh	15	10	10	7,035	3,560	3,475
India	25	15	10	13,570	7,040	6,525
Pakistan	30	10	15	5,730	3,040	2,690
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	6,965	3,425	3,540
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	21,010	9,890	11,120
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	860	485	375
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	15	0	104,040	51,410	52,625
Americas	0	0	0	15,850	7,650	8,205
Brazil	0	0	0	1,105	455	645
Colombia	0	0	0	1,260	575	685
Haiti	0	0	0	5,495	2,700	2,795
Jamaica	0	0	0	135	70	60
Mexico	0	0	0	1,320	690	625
United States of America	0	0	0	2,255	1,165	1,090
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	915	355	555
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,375	1,630	1,740
Europe	0	0	0	17,760	9,335	8,425
France	0	0	0	11,735	6,290	5,445
Germany	0	0	0	235	130	105
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10
Italy	0	0	0	420	260	160
Russian Federation	0	0	0	625	235	390
Ukraine	0	0	0	750	355	395
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	480	290	185
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,465	1,725	1,740
Africa	0	0	0	34,835	17,255	17,575
Algeria	0	0	0	10,085	4,925	5,160
Burundi	0	0	0	715	385	335
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,555	1,730	1,825
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,490	645	845
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,625	785	835
Egypt	0	0	0	1,470	795	675
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45
Morocco	0	0	0	5,375	2,535	2,835
Nigeria	0	0	0	550	310	240
Somalia	0	0	0	40	25	20
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	105	55	50
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	70	40	35
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,360	1,755	1,610
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,015	3,075	2,945
Asia	15	15	0	35,290	16,975	18,315
Afghanistan	0	0	0	180	95	85
Bangladesh	0	0	0	960	465	495
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	4,960	2,085	2,875
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	55	10	40
India	15	15	0	5,690	3,035	2,655
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	2,275	1,025	1,250
Iraq	0	0	0	245	145	100
Israel	0	0	0	145	90	60
Japan	0	0	0	185	55	130
Jordan	0	0	0	355	160	195
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	750	320	435
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,710	930	775
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,030	520	505
Philippines	0	0	0	5,730	2,455	3,280
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	860	540	325
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	500	205	295
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	5,895	3,065	2,835
Turkey	0	0	0	520	295	225
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	580	290	290
Viet Nam	0	0	0	910	395	515
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,565	680	880
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	305	195	110
Australia	0	0	0	195	125	65
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	475	245	230	1,723,225	851,610	871,615
First generation¹⁰⁰	235	115	125	725,270	358,390	366,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	185	100	85	361,130	181,485	179,645
Third generation or more¹⁰²	55	35	25	636,825	311,740	325,090
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	125	60	65	488,705	237,295	251,410
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25	10	15	267,215	137,555	129,660
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	10	0	135,610	78,460	57,150
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	0	15	131,610	59,100	72,515
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	15	25	133,215	54,390	78,825
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55	30	25	79,320	41,035	38,285
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	8,955	4,310	4,645
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	125	60	65	488,705	237,295	251,410
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	30	20	50,275	26,560	23,710
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	10	10	50,365	23,725	26,640
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	11,765	6,105	5,655
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	25,200	14,095	11,105
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,400	1,875	2,525
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	55	15	40	346,705	164,930	181,775
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	475	245	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	315	165	150	668,975	330,800	338,175
South Asian	220	130	85	79,670	42,620	37,050
Chinese	0	0	0	56,935	26,075	30,860
Black	0	0	0	198,610	96,350	102,255
Filipino	0	0	0	27,355	11,555	15,805
Arab	40	15	25	141,935	74,355	67,585
Latin American	0	0	0	78,150	38,450	39,705
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	37,905	17,950	19,955
West Asian	0	0	0	17,500	8,735	8,765
Korean	0	0	0	5,245	2,365	2,880
Japanese	0	0	0	2,645	1,045	1,600
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	5,470	2,675	2,795
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	17,540	8,615	8,920
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	160	75	80	1,054,255	520,810	533,445
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	475	245	230	1,723,230	851,610	871,615
Canadian	0	0	0	216,645	104,085	112,565
English	0	0	0	43,185	22,080	21,110
Irish	25	20	10	80,635	38,520	42,120
Scottish	20	0	15	44,880	21,650	23,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25	15	10	307,670	155,535	152,135
German	0	0	0	31,730	15,215	16,510
Chinese	0	0	0	61,715	28,350	33,365
Italian	0	0	0	135,430	66,225	69,205
Indian (India)	110	70	40	36,920	19,740	17,180
Ukrainian	0	0	0	14,865	7,080	7,785
Dutch	0	0	0	6,520	3,225	3,295
Polish	0	0	0	23,515	11,460	12,060
Québécois	0	0	0	103,145	51,885	51,265
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	11,665	6,000	5,670
Filipino	0	0	0	26,105	11,050	15,045
French Canadian	0	0	0	59,380	28,470	30,910
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	19,910	10,385	9,530
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15,970	7,210	8,760
Métis	0	0	0	3,645	1,645	2,000
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	22,450	11,380	11,070
Russian	0	0	0	20,180	9,420	10,760
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,370	1,150	1,220
Welsh	0	0	0	3,345	1,715	1,630
Portuguese	0	0	0	23,120	11,280	11,840
American	0	0	0	11,970	5,910	6,055
Spanish	0	0	0	31,535	15,600	15,940
Swedish	0	0	0	2,500	1,180	1,320
Hungarian	0	0	0	9,065	4,385	4,680
Acadian	0	0	0	11,725	5,325	6,400
Pakistani	75	30	45	9,080	4,870	4,210
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	33,155	16,460	16,695
Jewish	10	0	0	26,680	13,550	13,135
Punjabi	0	0	0	5,655	3,385	2,270
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,955	12,890	14,070
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	52,935	28,050	24,885
Greek	85	40	45	26,980	13,250	13,725
Jamaican	0	0	0	5,905	2,760	3,140
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	10	8,475	3,860	4,610
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	780	355	430
Korean	0	0	0	5,445	2,485	2,960
Romanian	0	0	0	16,255	7,785	8,470
Lebanese	0	0	0	30,115	15,635	14,475
Iranian	0	0	0	12,890	6,310	6,575
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	11,615	5,780	5,835
Danish	0	0	0	1,820	845	970
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,710	1,705	2,005
Sikh	0	0	0	3,335	1,775	1,560
Austrian	0	0	0	3,485	1,725	1,755
Belgian	0	0	0	10,940	5,520	5,420
Haitian	0	0	0	80,485	37,710	42,775
Hindu	0	0	0	5,610	3,195	2,420
Mexican	0	0	0	15,365	7,685	7,680
Mennonite	0	0	0	385	195	195
Swiss	0	0	0	5,470	2,695	2,775
Finnish	0	0	0	1,000	425	580
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	7,720	3,820	3,905
Croatian	0	0	0	2,230	1,080	1,155
Japanese	0	0	0	3,565	1,490	2,075
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	1,770	970	800
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,310	1,015	1,300
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,300	685	615
Muslim	0	0	0	8,530	4,530	3,995
Egyptian	0	0	0	13,040	6,810	6,230
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	12,215	6,250	5,965
Tamil	50	15	35	4,835	2,245	2,585
Icelandic	0	0	0	345	205	145
Colombian	0	0	0	11,580	5,525	6,055
Moroccan	0	0	0	37,360	19,125	18,235
Czech	0	0	0	2,395	1,080	1,315
Syrian	0	0	0	13,935	6,830	7,105
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,650	815	835
Afghan	0	0	0	1,885	1,005	885
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,275	3,530	3,740
Serbian	0	0	0	1,755	835	920
Ojibway	0	0	0	250	130	125
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	390	230	160
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,000	460	540
Ontarian	0	0	0	795	370	430
Persian	0	0	0	4,285	2,325	1,955
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	2,925	1,500	1,425
Turkish	0	0	0	8,160	4,055	4,105
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	775	220	555
Bangladeshi	40	30	10	8,790	4,475	4,310
Algerian	0	0	0	40,570	21,135	19,435
Brazilian	0	0	0	6,440	3,085	3,355
Nigerian	0	0	0	1,780	820	955
Armenian	0	0	0	10,715	5,120	5,595
Slovak	0	0	0	1,375	640	735
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	2,990	1,430	1,555
Somali	0	0	0	1,155	550	610
Taiwanese	0	0	0	1,860	860	1,000
Iraqi	0	0	0	1,770	975	800
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,125	4,430	4,700
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,045	2,265	2,780
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	1,775	775	995
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	3,005	1,655	1,355
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	4,900	2,065	2,835
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,725	860	865
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	1,900	775	1,120
Lithuanian	0	0	0	2,110	930	1,180
South African	0	0	0	465	220	245
Australian	0	0	0	830	405	425
Palestinian	0	0	0	3,525	1,890	1,640
Chilean	0	0	0	6,025	2,985	3,040
Congolese	0	0	0	9,965	4,820	5,140
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	505	225	280
Ethiopian	0	0	0	965	495	475
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,165	1,615	1,550
Peruvian	0	0	0	8,415	3,870	4,545
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,710	940	770
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	8,775	4,125	4,650
Berber	0	0	0	19,835	10,545	9,290
Albanian	0	0	0	2,560	1,300	1,260
Maltese	0	0	0	360	200	160
Macedonian	0	0	0	325	165	160
Slovenian	0	0	0	825	365	455
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,185	1,225	960
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	850	430	425
Gujarati	0	0	0	880	475	405
Eritrean	0	0	0	615	305	310
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,290	680	610
Israeli	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,345	600	740
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	550	235	315
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,040	1,955	2,085
Albertan	0	0	0	100	35	65
Ghanaian	0	0	0	1,735	925	810
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,410	1,195	1,215
African American	0	0	0	1,600	790	810
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	825	450	375
Tunisian	0	0	0	11,510	6,360	5,150
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,350	615	725
Cuban	0	0	0	3,770	1,915	1,850
Bosnian	0	0	0	510	245	270
Venezuelan	0	0	0	3,895	1,730	2,160
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,610	705	905
Latvian	0	0	0	625	330	295
Bengali	0	0	0	3,570	1,775	1,800
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,740	3,360	3,380
Guatemalan	0	0	0	4,875	2,545	2,330
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,000	455	540
Laotian	0	0	0	2,510	1,280	1,235
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,085	525	565
Northern Irish	0	0	0	310	160	150
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	585	295	290
British Columbian	0	0	0	90	40	50
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,190	565	630
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	675	355	315
Argentinian	0	0	0	2,545	1,310	1,230
Estonian	0	0	0	365	215	150
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,470	840	635
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Jatt	0	0	0	390	185	205
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	715	370	345
Coptic	0	0	0	2,240	1,170	1,070
Thai	0	0	0	1,150	395	755
Dominican	0	0	0	5,245	2,460	2,790
Nepali	0	0	0	430	240	185
Kabyle	0	0	0	10,940	5,660	5,275
Assyrian	0	0	0	345	150	200
Igbo	0	0	0	565	325	240
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,090	555	535
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	100	45	50
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,685	750	935
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,295	1,630	1,665
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,120	500	615
New Zealander	0	0	0	265	150	115
Sudanese	0	0	0	300	155	145
Breton	0	0	0	3,775	1,765	2,010
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	45	20	25
Malaysian	0	0	0	375	205	165
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	5,440	2,890	2,545
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,425	655	770
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	70	25	45
Buddhist	0	0	0	690	295	400
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,565	705	860
Norman	0	0	0	1,850	905	940
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	260	105	155
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,370	1,610	1,760
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	140	60	85
Burundian	0	0	0	2,120	1,025	1,090
Tigrinya	0	0	0	370	210	160
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,255	630	625
Mauritian	0	0	0	1,955	1,080	870
Kenyan	0	0	0	210	95	115
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,215	885	1,330
Jordanian	0	0	0	770	430	340
Manitoban	0	0	0	110	45	60
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	50	15	35
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,125	975	1,155
Grenadian	0	0	0	910	350	560
Malayali	0	0	0	335	185	150
Chaldean	0	0	0	110	40	75
Sinhalese	0	0	0	310	150	165
Mayan	0	0	0	1,695	900	795
Honduran	0	0	0	2,260	1,015	1,240
Cherokee	0	0	0	195	90	100
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	280	135	140
Flemish	0	0	0	520	265	255
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	90	45	50
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,165	1,585	1,580
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	510	260	245
Sicilian	0	0	0	970	495	470
Pashtun	0	0	0	475	245	220
Malay	0	0	0	300	135	165
Goan	0	0	0	115	55	60
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,635	815	815
Tibetan	0	0	0	135	65	70
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	180	105	75
Burmese	0	0	0	225	105	120
Mongolian	0	0	0	480	210	270
Azorean	0	0	0	730	310	415
Atikamekw	0	0	0	325	145	180
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,160	1,115	1,040
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	125	60	65
Ugandan	0	0	0	100	55	50
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25
Tanzanian	0	0	0	175	85	90
Yemeni	0	0	0	515	275	240
Central African	0	0	0	1,415	675	740
Libyan	0	0	0	590	320	270
Basque	0	0	0	980	515	465
Uruguayan	0	0	0	785	450	335
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	545	270	270
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	870	500	370
Igorot	0	0	0	290	105	185
Fulani	0	0	0	2,380	1,260	1,120
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,670	1,375	1,290
St. Lucian	0	0	0	255	100	155
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	200	70	135
Beninese	0	0	0	2,000	1,140	865
Telugu	0	0	0	180	125	55
Roma	0	0	0	235	110	125
Costa Rican	0	0	0	720	425	295
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	215	105	115
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,625	755	865
Kashmiri	0	0	0	75	40	30
Singaporean	0	0	0	75	55	15
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	290	130	155
Tajik	0	0	0	100	45	55
Amhara	0	0	0	95	45	45
Paraguayan	0	0	0	90	35	60
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	470	245	225	1,723,230	851,610	871,620
Buddhist	0	0	0	26,395	11,650	14,745
Christian	125	70	55	853,205	397,365	455,840
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	35	20	10	105,435	50,405	55,035
Anabaptist	0	0	0	195	80	120
Anglican	0	0	0	9,480	4,260	5,220
Baptist	0	0	0	11,620	5,335	6,290
Catholic	15	10	0	602,630	280,655	321,975
Christian Orthodox	80	40	40	55,730	26,490	29,235
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	6,790	2,720	4,070
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Lutheran	0	0	0	1,510	685	825
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	840	400	440
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	14,860	6,485	8,380
Presbyterian	0	0	0	2,615	1,230	1,380
Reformed	0	0	0	310	150	165
United Church	0	0	0	3,950	1,655	2,295
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	36,100	16,305	19,790
Hindu	75	30	45	30,430	16,600	13,835
Jewish	0	0	0	35,930	17,990	17,940
Muslim	150	75	75	218,395	113,570	104,820
Sikh	50	35	20	15,630	8,360	7,265
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	205	80	130
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	8,860	4,145	4,710
No religion and secular perspectives	70	35	35	534,180	281,845	252,340
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	475	245	230	1,706,230	842,970	863,255
Non-movers	440	220	220	1,471,775	723,745	748,030
Movers	35	25	0	234,450	119,225	115,230
Non-migrants	25	15	0	174,665	88,775	85,895
Migrants	0	0	0	59,790	30,455	29,335
Internal migrants	0	0	0	31,510	15,825	15,685
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	22,730	11,190	11,535
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	8,780	4,635	4,145
External migrants	0	0	0	28,280	14,630	13,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	450	230	215	1,634,705	806,720	827,980
Non-movers	300	155	145	890,430	431,050	459,385
Movers	145	75	70	744,270	375,675	368,595
Non-migrants	75	30	45	416,555	207,830	208,725
Migrants	70	50	25	327,720	167,840	159,875
Internal migrants	0	0	0	145,860	72,315	73,545
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	118,675	58,715	59,960
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,185	13,600	13,580
External migrants	65	45	20	181,860	95,525	86,335
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	195	185	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	160	70	90	253,885	125,810	128,075
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	220	130	95	1,199,415	587,940	611,470
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	240	120	120	981,205	492,180	489,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	80	35	50	115,240	62,335	52,905
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	155	90	65	865,970	429,855	436,115
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	385	200	185	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
No certificate, diploma or degree	155	65	90	228,310	111,220	117,090
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	70	55	15	281,440	143,785	137,655
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	155	75	75	943,545	458,740	484,805
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	95	45	55	420,630	208,325	212,310
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	20	15	10	135,320	75,570	59,755
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	0	0	98,575	50,165	48,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	36,750	25,405	11,335
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	30	40	226,630	107,020	119,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	58,675	25,735	32,945
Bachelor's degree or higher	55	35	25	522,915	250,415	272,500
Bachelor's degree	35	15	15	294,530	137,550	156,980
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	51,000	23,685	27,315
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	13,135	6,300	6,830
Master's degree	25	15	10	138,940	68,590	70,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	25,315	14,295	11,025
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	240	120	115	981,210	492,185	489,025
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	30	50	97,670	52,760	44,910
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	25	10	146,020	79,740	66,280
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	65	55	737,515	359,680	377,835
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	35	25	302,205	152,275	149,925
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10	10	0	103,365	56,740	46,625
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	0	0	0	76,115	38,060	38,055
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	0	0	0	27,250	18,680	8,565
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	50	30	15	155,015	75,780	79,230
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	43,825	19,755	24,070
Bachelor's degree or higher	60	30	25	435,315	207,405	227,905
Bachelor's degree	30	15	20	239,785	112,440	127,345
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	42,855	19,650	23,205
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	10,470	4,595	5,875
Master's degree	25	15	10	121,575	59,570	62,010
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	20,630	11,160	9,475
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	380	200	190	1,453,300	713,750	739,550
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	225	120	105	509,755	255,010	254,740
Education	15	0	10	47,580	11,515	36,060
13. Education	15	0	10	47,580	11,515	36,060
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	15	63,605	30,650	32,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	7,690	5,340	2,350
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	15	55,915	25,310	30,600
Humanities	10	10	0	69,055	27,655	41,405
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	13,280	3,420	9,860
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	7,005	2,310	4,695
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	24,785	10,755	14,030
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	750	270	485
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	4,470	2,710	1,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,895	1,240	655
54. History	0	0	0	5,890	3,170	2,720
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10,980	3,785	7,195
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	10	30	135,105	49,230	85,875
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,930	580	1,345
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	21,825	7,570	14,260
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	16,140	1,820	14,315
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	24,300	9,690	14,610
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	3,725	1,115	2,610
42. Psychology	0	0	0	18,040	4,375	13,670
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	49,145	24,080	25,070
Business, management and public administration	25	15	10	212,570	93,910	118,660
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	195	110	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	10,270	2,590	7,675
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25	15	10	202,105	91,205	110,895
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	48,295	25,025	23,270
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	19,755	8,140	11,615
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	7,970	4,260	3,710
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	4,885	2,495	2,400
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	14,030	9,170	4,855
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,650	965	690
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	58,555	41,475	17,080
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	47,925	35,890	12,030
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,205	810	2,400
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	6,060	3,785	2,280
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,365	995	375
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	20	0	153,375	127,040	26,335
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	11,945	6,400	5,550
14. Engineering	0	0	0	67,700	52,785	14,915
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	24,350	20,890	3,460
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	19,805	18,840	970
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	18,350	17,680	675
48. Precision production	0	0	0	11,150	10,425	725
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10,155	5,040	5,115
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,670	3,340	3,330
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,490	1,700	1,785
Health and related fields	10	0	0	106,500	26,315	80,185
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,050	3,110	2,945
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	95,775	20,920	74,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	170	75	100
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,505	2,215	2,290
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	38,585	20,835	17,750
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	24,500	9,050	15,445
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	160	160	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,385	4,920	1,465
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	7,525	6,685	840
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	165	45	120
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	235	125	120	981,205	492,180	489,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	120	60	60	243,690	132,500	111,190
Education	10	0	10	33,780	8,105	25,675
13. Education	10	0	10	33,780	8,105	25,675
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	50,935	25,035	25,900
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,360	4,440	1,920
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	44,575	20,595	23,980
Humanities	10	10	0	46,970	18,990	27,980
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	10,150	2,655	7,500
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	5,430	1,810	3,620
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	10	0	14,680	6,710	7,965
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	530	180	345
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,255	1,965	1,290
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,090	765	325
54. History	0	0	0	4,355	2,340	2,015
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,470	2,560	4,910
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	15	106,455	38,085	68,370
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,550	480	1,065
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	10	18,665	6,420	12,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	12,815	1,340	11,475
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	19,485	7,385	12,100
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,760	840	1,925
42. Psychology	0	0	0	13,520	3,205	10,310
45. Social sciences	15	0	10	37,670	18,415	19,255
Business, management and public administration	20	15	10	173,115	76,040	97,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	165	90	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,055	2,070	5,980
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20	15	10	164,900	73,875	91,030
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	32,990	16,980	16,010
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	16,185	6,735	9,450
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	3,955	2,115	1,840
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,310	725	585
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10,390	6,710	3,680
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,150	700	450
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	48,495	34,620	13,875
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	40,770	30,640	10,130
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,310	595	1,715
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	4,525	2,760	1,765
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	890	625	265
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	123,175	100,630	22,545
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,010	5,255	4,750
14. Engineering	0	0	0	57,935	44,795	13,135
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	18,540	15,920	2,620
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	15,040	14,235	805
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	13,695	13,120	575
48. Precision production	0	0	0	7,890	7,285	605
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	8,675	4,150	4,525
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	5,650	2,705	2,950
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,020	1,445	1,575
Health and related fields	10	0	0	82,510	20,560	61,950
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	4,900	2,500	2,395
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	0	73,950	16,430	57,525
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	145	50	95
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	3,510	1,570	1,940
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	30,275	16,455	13,825
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	19,020	6,985	12,035
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	20	20	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,050	3,915	1,135
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,095	5,435	655
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	135	30	105
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	235	125	120	981,205	492,180	489,025
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120	60	60	243,690	132,500	111,190
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	120	65	55	737,515	359,685	377,835
Location of study inside Canada	75	40	40	529,195	254,400	274,795
Same as province or territory of residence	75	40	35	503,230	241,010	262,225
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	25,965	13,390	12,570
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	30	15	208,320	105,280	103,040
Americas	0	0	0	36,730	18,600	18,130
United States of America	0	0	0	10,760	6,075	4,690
Mexico	0	0	0	4,800	2,245	2,555
Cuba	0	0	0	1,340	685	660
Haiti	0	0	0	5,065	2,775	2,295
Jamaica	0	0	0	110	70	45
Brazil	0	0	0	3,765	1,800	1,960
Colombia	0	0	0	3,560	1,695	1,870
Peru	0	0	0	1,375	580	795
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,680	680	995
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,265	1,995	2,270
Europe	0	0	0	68,060	36,130	31,930
Belgium	0	0	0	1,775	910	865
France	0	0	0	41,640	22,775	18,860
Germany	0	0	0	1,035	560	475
Netherlands	0	0	0	465	260	205
Switzerland	0	0	0	965	570	400
Hungary	0	0	0	195	105	95
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	1,825	870	955
Poland	0	0	0	815	285	530
Romania	0	0	0	3,250	1,665	1,585
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,410	1,105	1,305
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,045	895	1,150
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	285	190	95
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	4,680	2,520	2,160
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55
Italy	0	0	0	1,325	760	565
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	115	40	75
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,105	2,535	2,570
Africa	0	0	0	48,445	25,700	22,745
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,230	655	575
Algeria	0	0	0	19,210	9,980	9,230
Morocco	0	0	0	9,515	4,945	4,575
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,555	2,570	1,990
Egypt	0	0	0	3,025	1,615	1,410
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	250	110	145
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	10,660	5,840	4,825
Asia	35	20	15	53,780	24,120	29,655
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	5,230	2,440	2,790
Iraq	0	0	0	330	180	150
Israel	0	0	0	520	285	235
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,185	2,105	2,075
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,120	1,480	1,640
Turkey	0	0	0	695	400	295
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	9,950	4,420	5,540
Taiwan	0	0	0	365	150	220
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	230	110	120
Japan	0	0	0	800	300	500
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,265	435	825
Philippines	0	0	0	8,890	2,860	6,030
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,125	415	710
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,020	1,065	955
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	645	240	410
India	15	10	0	9,500	4,925	4,575
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,165	575	590
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	3,745	1,750	1,995
Oceania	0	0	0	1,305	730	575
Australia	0	0	0	1,095	610	490
New Zealand	0	0	0	165	100	70
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	385	200	185	1,453,295	713,745	739,550
In the labour force	210	130	75	959,135	498,125	461,010
Employed	170	110	60	859,920	445,255	414,665
Unemployed	45	25	15	99,210	52,870	46,345
Not in the labour force	170	65	110	494,165	215,620	278,540
Participation rate	54.5	65.0	40.5	66.0	69.8	62.3
Employment rate	44.2	55.0	32.4	59.2	62.4	56.1
Unemployment rate	21.4	19.2	20.0	10.3	10.6	10.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	380	200	190	1,453,300	713,750	739,550
Did not work¹⁸⁶	185	80	110	508,670	222,700	285,970
Worked	200	120	80	944,630	491,050	453,580
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	50	25	20	464,805	252,405	212,400
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	150	95	55	479,820	238,645	241,180
Average weeks worked in reference year	31.5	30.2	33.5	39.7	40.1	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	210	135	80	959,130	498,125	461,010
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	28,560	13,975	14,585
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	195	125	70	930,570	484,150	446,425
Employee	175	105	70	811,850	411,090	400,750
Permanent position	145	85	60	661,995	340,865	321,135
Temporary position	30	20	10	149,850	70,230	79,620
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	10	63,645	28,710	34,935
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	10	10	0	86,205	41,520	44,685
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	25	0	118,725	73,050	45,670
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	210	135	80	959,130	498,125	461,010
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	28,560	13,975	14,585
All occupations¹⁹¹	195	125	70	930,570	484,150	446,425
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	14,540	10,000	4,545
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15	0	10	180,355	69,570	110,785
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	30	20	10	101,555	76,005	25,555
3 Health occupations	0	0	0	75,605	18,730	56,870
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10	0	10	124,755	41,025	83,730
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	56,870	29,555	27,310
6 Sales and service occupations	95	70	25	234,485	120,480	114,005
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	15	15	0	98,535	89,140	9,395
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,025	3,855	1,170
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	20	10	10	38,850	25,795	13,060
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	210	135	80	959,130	498,125	461,010
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	28,560	13,975	14,585
All industries¹⁹¹	195	125	70	930,570	484,150	446,425
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	2,920	1,730	1,185
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,195	805	390
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,150	3,245	1,905
23 Construction	10	10	0	33,445	28,300	5,150
31-33 Manufacturing	25	15	10	76,115	51,395	24,725
41 Wholesale trade	10	0	0	33,845	20,380	13,470
44-45 Retail trade	55	35	15	98,705	49,745	48,960
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	49,075	38,320	10,755
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	40,020	24,295	15,730
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	47,065	23,830	23,235
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	16,780	9,730	7,045
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	113,755	65,950	47,800
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	1,720	850	875
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	15	0	45,325	27,460	17,860
61 Educational services	10	0	0	84,380	31,030	53,350
62 Health care and social assistance	10	0	10	128,175	32,195	95,980
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	20,970	10,860	10,105
72 Accommodation and food services	25	20	0	53,745	29,185	24,555
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	39,595	16,105	23,490
91 Public administration	0	0	0	38,595	18,740	19,850
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	225	135	95	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
English	70	55	15	161,015	89,010	72,005
French	35	10	25	399,340	197,680	201,660
Non-official language	15	10	10	7,340	3,600	3,735
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	7,330	3,600	3,725
English and French	85	45	40	405,305	214,915	190,385
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	10,790	6,090	4,695
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,145	3,405	3,745
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	25,465	12,730	12,735
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	420	260	160
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	225	135	95	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
Single responses	215	115	95	908,980	471,095	437,880
Official languages	185	100	85	895,835	464,520	431,315
English	95	75	20	286,010	155,790	130,215
French	90	25	70	609,825	308,725	301,095
Non-official languages	25	15	10	13,145	6,580	6,565
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	20	0	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	10	13,120	6,580	6,545
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,295	720	575
Berber languages	0	0	0	20	15	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	20	15	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,275	710	570
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,190	670	520
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	70	30	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,220	535	685
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,045	460	585
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	120	60	55
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	90	50	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	95	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	95	110
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	80	25	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	75	25	45
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	25	15	10	6,260	3,210	3,055
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	80	60	25
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	550	180	370
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	550	180	370
Bulgarian	0	0	0	15	0	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	90	30	65
Russian	0	0	0	385	130	250
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	825	405	425
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	790	385	405
German	0	0	0	95	65	35
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	695	325	375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	175	55	120
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	10	1,695	935	755
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	10	1,405	760	650
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55
Gujarati	0	0	0	20	0	20
Hindi	0	0	0	120	55	60
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	10	1,080	615	465
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	100	55	45
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	285	175	110
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	255	150	105
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	225	130	95
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	2,925	1,575	1,355
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	310	160	150
Portuguese	0	0	0	245	90	155
Romanian	0	0	0	80	50	30
Spanish	0	0	0	2,290	1,265	1,025
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	125	25	105
Korean	0	0	0	240	100	145
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	45	25	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	85	30	55
American Sign Language	0	0	0	15	10	10
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,325	1,700	1,635
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,325	1,700	1,635
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,100	1,110	995
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,140	550	590
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	85	45	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	80	50	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	15	15	0	107,830	56,590	51,240
English and French	10	10	0	99,075	52,050	47,030
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,105	1,760	1,350
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,345	1,085	1,255
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,255	1,680	1,575
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	225	135	95	1,016,810	527,690	489,125
None	140	90	50	667,690	342,985	324,705
English	60	25	35	201,200	106,725	94,480
French	25	15	0	115,950	61,585	54,365
Non-official language	0	0	0	14,925	7,790	7,135
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	65	20	45
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	14,860	7,770	7,095
English and French	0	0	0	1,155	540	610
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	8,605	4,110	4,490
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5,480	2,970	2,510
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	165	85	80
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,645	895	745
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	170	105	60	859,920	445,255	414,665
Worked at home	40	25	15	260,415	132,065	128,355
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	2,775	1,725	1,045
No fixed workplace address	25	20	0	81,290	57,160	24,130
Usual place of work	105	60	40	515,440	254,310	261,130
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	105	65	40	515,440	254,310	261,135
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	80	45	35	413,515	195,935	217,580
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10	10	0	46,495	24,705	21,790
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	0	0	0	53,810	32,610	21,200
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,620	1,060	565
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	125	85	45	596,730	311,465	285,265
Car, truck or van	95	65	30	338,295	197,990	140,305
Car, truck or van - as a driver	70	55	15	313,045	188,685	124,360
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25	10	15	25,245	9,300	15,940
Public transit	30	20	15	169,380	71,050	98,330
Walked	0	0	0	57,390	24,650	32,735
Bicycle	0	0	0	20,425	11,990	8,430
Other method	0	0	0	11,255	5,785	5,470
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	125	85	45	596,730	311,465	285,265
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	10	106,580	52,520	54,070
15 to 29 minutes	50	15	30	211,950	113,835	98,115
30 to 44 minutes	20	15	0	161,385	87,950	73,435
45 to 59 minutes	15	15	0	62,880	30,620	32,255
60 minutes and over	0	0	0	53,935	26,540	27,400
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	125	85	45	596,730	311,465	285,265
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	35,870	26,330	9,540
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	10	10	0	86,515	50,895	35,625
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	20	15	0	147,765	69,890	77,880
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	25	15	0	130,185	59,500	70,680
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	35	15	20	93,190	44,255	48,935
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	15	103,205	60,595	42,610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	105	50	55	321,810	164,440	157,375
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	30	15	20	80,715	41,690	39,030
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	70	30	40	241,095	122,750	118,345
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	75	35	35	226,825	115,930	110,890
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	10	15	60,615	31,295	29,320
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	5	15	48,760	25,220	23,545
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	11,855	6,080	5,775
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	20	25	166,210	84,635	81,575

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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