Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24661440More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661623More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	550	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	463	...	...	8,501,833	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	327	...	...	976,966	...	...	211	...	...	4,050,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	303	...	...	910,359	...	...	184	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	17,857.1	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	20,577.8	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.03	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.02	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	550	270	275	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	465	260	200	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870
0 to 14 years	50	25	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	85	45	35	1,391,360	713,290	678,070
0 to 4 years	10	5	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	25	15	10	422,980	217,145	205,840
5 to 9 years	20	10	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	30	15	20	478,955	245,295	233,665
10 to 14 years	20	5	15	103,590	53,120	50,470	25	20	10	489,425	250,855	238,570
15 to 64 years	460	230	230	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	315	185	125	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195
15 to 19 years	20	10	10	97,525	49,340	48,180	15	5	10	429,400	219,400	209,995
20 to 24 years	60	30	35	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	25	10	460,660	235,250	225,405
25 to 29 years	95	45	55	165,525	83,630	81,895	35	20	10	527,150	266,455	260,700
30 to 34 years	80	40	35	157,725	78,995	78,730	45	20	25	536,040	267,770	268,270
35 to 39 years	65	35	30	149,265	74,115	75,155	45	25	20	550,425	274,350	276,075
40 to 44 years	55	30	25	142,365	70,920	71,445	40	20	10	572,565	286,405	286,160
45 to 49 years	10	5	10	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	25	15	516,465	259,565	256,905
50 to 54 years	35	20	20	121,710	61,735	59,975	30	20	10	522,935	262,610	260,325
55 to 59 years	10	5	10	125,465	63,810	61,655	25	15	10	615,690	307,230	308,465
60 to 64 years	20	15	5	118,065	57,920	60,140	15	10	5	625,610	307,710	317,900
65 years and over	40	20	25	351,325	151,210	200,120	60	25	30	1,753,530	801,925	951,605
65 to 69 years	15	5	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	5	10	541,970	264,020	277,950
70 to 74 years	15	10	0	86,030	39,185	46,845	20	10	10	455,900	217,985	237,910
75 to 79 years	5	0	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	10	5	5	330,840	153,790	177,050
80 to 84 years	0	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	0	5	210,405	90,825	119,580
85 years and over	10	5	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	10	5	10	214,415	75,305	139,115
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	5	5	131,755	50,610	81,150
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	9.1	9.3	9.1	15.5	16.1	14.8	18.3	17.3	17.5	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	83.6	85.2	83.6	67.0	68.5	65.6	67.7	71.2	62.5	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	7.3	7.4	9.1	17.5	15.4	19.6	12.9	9.6	15.0	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	1.8	1.9	1.8	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.2	1.9	5.0	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	35.8	35.8	36.0	41.0	39.8	42.1	38.1	37.4	38.8	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	32.0	32.4	31.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	36.8	37.6	36.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	305	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...	1,671,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...	199,080	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	5	...	...	98,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	0	...	...	110,440	...	...	45	...	...	271,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	305	...	...	479,885	...	...	135	...	...	1,242,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 person	140	...	...	367,400	...	...	60	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
2 persons	110	...	...	271,730	...	...	50	...	...	1,295,730	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	35	...	...	480,135	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	98,205	...	...	20	...	...	427,605	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	20	...	...	228,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	550	270	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	265	200	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Average household size	1.8	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	500	250	255	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	380	215	165	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805
Married or living common-law	210	100	105	822,440	414,330	408,115	195	105	90	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145
Married	60	25	30	577,060	289,455	287,600	160	90	75	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775
Living common-law	145	70	70	245,385	124,870	120,510	35	15	15	1,657,050	829,680	827,375
Living common law - Never married	145	75	70	207,040	104,785	102,250	30	15	10	1,345,765	671,000	674,765
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410
Living common law - Divorced	5	0	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	5	0	261,885	135,520	126,370
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830
Not married and not living common-law	295	150	145	872,060	410,935	461,125	180	110	75	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	245	125	120	627,845	333,150	294,700	130	90	40	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	5	5	106,275	48,095	58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	20	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	30	20	5	494,210	197,455	296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	15	0	15	380,100	89,515	290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	125	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	251,075	...	...	50	...	...	1,267,980	...	...
3 persons	20	...	...	107,265	...	...	25	...	...	454,980	...	...
4 persons	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	25	...	...	412,850	...	...
5 or more persons	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	15	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average size of census families	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	120	...	...	495,445	...	...	110	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
Total couple families	100	...	...	395,645	...	...	85	...	...	1,939,635	...	...
Married couples	25	...	...	273,070	...	...	70	...	...	1,111,625	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	162,745	...	...	50	...	...	502,020	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	110,325	...	...	25	...	...	609,605	...	...
Common-law couples	70	...	...	122,570	...	...	15	...	...	828,005	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...	401,885	...	...
Without children	55	...	...	77,700	...	...	10	...	...	426,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	99,805	...	...	25	...	...	383,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	15	...	...	80,530	...	...	20	...	...	284,025	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	5	...	...	99,755	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	550	270	280	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	265	200	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families	305	150	155	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	350	180	170	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners	200	95	105	791,280	398,495	392,785	175	90	85	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families	20	5	20	99,805	19,275	80,525	25	5	20	383,780	99,755	284,020
Children⁶	85	45	40	541,905	284,935	256,965	145	85	65	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720
In a two-parent family	55	30	25	392,250	205,155	187,095	110	60	50	1,708,235	897,930	810,305
In a one-parent family	30	15	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	40	30	15	585,820	317,400	268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	245	120	120	526,370	262,915	263,450	120	85	30	1,751,380	870,550	880,825
Living alone	135	70	70	367,395	175,660	191,740	60	40	20	1,317,505	638,170	679,335
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	10	5	5	165,070	74,060	91,005
Living with non-relatives only	90	45	40	109,690	65,235	44,455	45	40	10	268,810	158,325	110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	110	...	...	455,970	...	...	90	...	...	2,165,490	...	...
Couple-family households	95	...	...	370,250	...	...	70	...	...	1,834,095	...	...
With children⁶	30	...	...	194,165	...	...	45	...	...	851,835	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	176,085	...	...	25	...	...	982,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	85,720	...	...	20	...	...	331,395	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	5	...	...	50,790	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	5	...	...	9,225	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...	66,750	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	45	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...	139,280	...	...
One-person households	135	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	500	250	250	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	375	215	160	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	235	240	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	360	210	160	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	40,000	40,400	37,600	39,600	36,000	25,200	26,600	24,800	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	475	235	240	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	360	210	160	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	35,200	35,200	34,000	35,200	32,800	23,800	24,200	22,800	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	445	215	235	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	270	165	105	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,800	33,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	16,000	18,600	7,600	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	195	205	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	230	150	85	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	35,200	33,600	32,800	36,000	29,600	17,200	21,000	9,300	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	185	205	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	345	190	150	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,400	6,400	10,800	9,600	12,000	12,300	10,600	17,000	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	35	30	171,705	84,570	87,145	55	30	25	837,635	441,080	396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,680	5,000	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,480	4,760	6,280	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	175	95	80	529,640	276,110	253,530	165	100	65	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	9,000	11,700	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	470	230	235	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	370	245	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	215	225	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	360	235	125	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	40,000	48,000	53,250	60,050	46,760	27,800	31,600	20,400	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	445	215	225	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	360	235	125	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,000	34,000	40,000	42,520	46,280	38,960	25,100	28,200	19,200	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	405	180	225	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	265	185	80	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	37,600	43,200	48,960	57,350	40,640	22,800	28,000	10,000	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	165	210	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	230	170	60	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	35,600	44,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	23,400	28,000	10,000	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	355	180	175	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	345	220	120	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,720	10,200	7,150	12,040	10,900	13,040	11,600	10,000	14,600	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45	30	20	171,360	84,435	86,925	45	0	35	837,180	441,665	395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	3,600	3,800	3,400	6,840	6,065	7,590	5,000	...	5,600	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	145	80	65	528,305	276,300	252,005	170	110	60	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,400	10,400	8,400	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,600	7,900	10,000	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	245	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	145	50	95	514,340	278,505	235,830	75	70	0	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	68,000	59,600	60,000	63,600	56,000	39,200	39,200	...	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	60,000	62,000	59,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	44,000	46,000	...	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	215	105	110	504,455	247,565	256,895	125	75	55	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	16,400	32,800	16,400	17,400	15,500	13,700	19,800	6,400	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	26,400	34,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	16,400	21,000	9,600	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.0	78.0	88.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	60.0	70.0	30.0	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	77.0	68.0	84.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	54.0	63.0	24.0	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.0	21.6	11.6	18.9	14.4	24.4	39.6	29.6	70.0	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	1.2	0.7	1.4	1.1	1.7	2.4	x	8.0	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.6	10.4	5.4	6.4	5.9	7.0	16.0	12.8	25.0	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.0	9.5	4.8	5.7	5.4	6.0	14.4	11.6	22.0	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	500	250	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	380	215	165	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without total income	25	10	15	65,020	32,205	32,820	15	10	5	179,955	87,650	92,310
With total income	475	240	240	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	365	205	155	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	45	25	25	462,400	204,245	258,155
$10,000 to $19,999	55	30	25	200,450	93,060	107,390	80	50	30	809,375	334,315	475,065
$20,000 to $29,999	75	30	40	286,825	131,235	155,595	100	40	55	1,124,265	499,780	624,485
$30,000 to $39,999	75	35	35	215,455	102,705	112,755	55	35	20	896,520	414,070	482,445
$40,000 to $49,999	55	25	30	181,505	86,460	95,040	40	25	15	849,005	411,680	437,325
$50,000 to $59,999	45	20	20	138,185	64,805	73,380	20	10	5	687,020	345,720	341,305
$60,000 to $69,999	35	20	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	10	0	5	503,110	271,695	231,415
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	10	5	0	367,455	208,475	158,980
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	58,400	30,060	28,335	0	0	0	284,690	158,760	125,930
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0	198,140	112,355	85,780
$100,000 and over	45	25	20	149,555	92,680	56,875	5	5	0	556,780	365,700	191,080
$100,000 to $149,999	30	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	5	5	0	385,890	245,635	140,260
$150,000 and over	15	5	10	58,575	39,405	19,170	0	0	0	170,890	120,065	50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	500	250	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	380	215	165	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without after-tax income	25	10	15	64,605	32,005	32,605	15	10	5	177,960	86,610	91,355
With after-tax income	475	240	240	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	365	205	155	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	45	25	25	495,035	214,000	281,030
$10,000 to $19,999	60	30	30	210,975	98,495	112,480	85	55	35	853,250	356,480	496,765
$20,000 to $29,999	90	45	45	334,395	155,845	178,545	105	55	55	1,316,685	592,685	723,995
$30,000 to $39,999	90	40	50	257,145	124,835	132,315	55	40	20	1,127,905	544,940	582,965
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	204,980	97,805	107,175	40	15	20	994,235	505,970	488,265
$50,000 to $59,999	50	30	25	139,760	67,315	72,450	15	10	5	691,015	372,870	318,145
$60,000 to $69,999	30	15	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	5	0	459,665	251,490	208,170
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	0	0	0	292,135	160,985	131,150
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0	174,905	104,610	70,295
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	5	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0	106,165	67,055	39,105
$100,000 and over	15	5	10	73,695	48,025	25,665	0	0	0	229,765	156,750	73,020
$100,000 to $124,999	10	0	5	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0	119,125	78,615	40,515
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	0	0	0	110,635	78,130	32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	500	250	255	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	380	215	165	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without employment income	105	55	45	495,060	212,405	282,660	145	65	75	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610
With employment income	400	195	205	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	235	145	85	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	167,560	82,405	85,155	55	25	30	644,075	331,770	312,300
$5,000 to $9,999	40	20	20	111,575	52,975	58,595	35	20	10	401,185	180,585	220,595
$10,000 to $19,999	45	25	20	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	30	15	603,350	273,725	329,620
$20,000 to $29,999	45	20	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	30	25	10	495,105	228,670	266,435
$30,000 to $39,999	50	20	35	108,120	55,225	52,890	15	15	0	488,000	239,620	248,380
$40,000 to $49,999	40	15	20	104,250	51,950	52,300	25	15	5	485,845	242,230	243,610
$50,000 to $59,999	25	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	10	5	0	403,980	217,425	186,560
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	15	66,190	35,045	31,145	5	0	0	320,700	184,770	135,935
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	10	52,585	28,500	24,080	5	5	0	250,635	147,020	103,615
$80,000 to $89,999	15	10	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	0	0	0	218,100	120,085	98,020
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	5	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0	141,540	86,090	55,450
$100,000 and over	35	25	15	115,575	74,545	41,030	5	5	0	422,055	285,910	136,145
$100,000 to $124,999	20	15	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0	205,085	133,500	71,585
$125,000 and over	15	10	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0	216,965	152,410	64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	500	250	250	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	375	215	160	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	470	230	235	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	355	200	155	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	34,000	33,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	21,200	21,800	19,800	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	470	230	235	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	355	200	155	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	30,000	31,200	31,000	32,800	29,400	20,600	21,600	19,800	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	435	210	225	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	255	160	100	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	32,400	32,000	36,000	28,200	20,000	25,800	11,200	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	185	200	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	225	140	75	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	35,600	34,400	33,600	36,800	30,400	21,600	28,600	14,600	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	340	155	185	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	315	180	135	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,660	1,450	1,900	4,440	2,760	7,300	4,560	2,560	10,500	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	15	15	114,940	56,080	58,855	25	10	15	727,165	390,255	336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,680	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,160	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	470	230	235	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	370	245	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	420	210	210	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	355	230	125	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	34,800	46,000	50,000	57,050	43,280	23,200	26,200	18,000	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	420	210	210	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	355	230	125	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	29,400	38,800	39,800	43,800	35,920	21,100	23,400	17,200	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	170	210	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	260	180	80	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	38,400	42,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	23,600	27,400	15,200	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	355	150	195	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	210	150	60	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	39,000	42,400	48,720	55,750	41,240	25,600	28,800	17,500	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	300	165	135	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	310	200	110	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,000	5,240	4,700	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,100	5,760	9,400	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	0	0	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	0	0	0	727,815	390,880	336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	...	...	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	...	...	...	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	245	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	135	50	85	507,645	274,575	233,070	70	65	0	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	50,800	44,400	57,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	37,600	37,600	...	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,000	54,000	53,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	46,000	46,000	...	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	185	90	100	462,020	227,495	234,530	100	55	45	1,894,930	934,230	960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,600	22,400	22,600	21,800	23,200	20,400	14,600	20,200	12,100	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,600	35,000	36,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	18,400	21,000	15,200	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	88.0	94.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	74.0	82.0	54.0	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	85.0	80.0	88.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	64.0	72.0	48.0	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	8.8	11.6	6.8	12.8	8.6	18.2	26.4	18.8	46.0	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	x	x	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	x	...	x	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	180	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	54,800	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	48,400	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	135	...	...	367,395	...	...	60	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	26,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	34,000	...	...	24,000	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	165	...	...	542,960	...	...	125	...	...	2,431,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	66,500	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	92,700	...	...	54,800	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	49,600	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	367,255	...	...	65	...	...	1,317,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	30,000	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	40,640	...	...	26,000	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	140	...	...	543,100	...	...	120	...	...	2,431,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	68,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	62,000	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...	35,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,665	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	25,730	...	...	15	...	...	82,470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	20	...	...	218,185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...	144,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	10	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...	143,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...	172,005	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...	174,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	0	...	...	166,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	25	...	...	310,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	67,695	...	...	15	...	...	280,505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	20	...	...	255,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...	15	...	...	235,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...	208,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	80	...	...	270,265	...	...	20	...	...	1,244,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	85,635	...	...	10	...	...	414,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	56,205	...	...	5	...	...	282,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	62,095	...	...	5	...	...	307,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	15	...	...	66,335	...	...	0	...	...	239,060	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	300	...	...	910,355	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...	40,590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	17,965	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	15	...	...	27,485	...	...	15	...	...	87,695	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...	234,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	25	...	...	49,660	...	...	10	...	...	177,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...	180,150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	10	...	...	213,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...	210,280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	85,490	...	...	15	...	...	356,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	75,625	...	...	30	...	...	322,530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	20	...	...	289,580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...	254,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	45,065	...	...	0	...	...	216,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	15	...	...	892,775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...	387,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...	0	...	...	225,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	72,715	...	...	0	...	...	279,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	130	...	...	501,830	...	...	110	...	...	2,331,170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	68,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	64,500	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	179,195	...	...	30	...	...	991,710	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	55,200	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	53,200	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	208,260	...	...	50	...	...	907,765	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	154,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	69,500	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.3	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	95,875	...	...	20	...	...	368,845	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	45,600	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	59,600	...	...	45,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	225	115	110	477,085	240,895	236,195	105	85	25	1,586,315	796,490	789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,000	35,600	34,400	34,800	34,000	24,800	24,600	26,600	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,000	30,800	32,000	31,200	31,200	31,200	23,600	23,600	23,000	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	115	...	...	501,905	...	...	105	...	...	2,330,645	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	59,000	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	70	...	...	179,455	...	...	35	...	...	992,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	68,000	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	60,000	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	208,375	...	...	40	...	...	909,160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	64,000	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	60,000	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	95,455	...	...	15	...	...	367,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	78,200	...	...	45,000	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	67,100	...	...	45,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	215	110	105	476,520	240,280	236,245	115	105	10	1,585,705	796,290	789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	33,000	42,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	30,800	32,000	x	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,600	28,400	35,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	27,200	28,400	x	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	550	270	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	460	260	200	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
0 to 17 years	55	25	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	95	50	45	1,648,330	844,730	803,600
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	120,615	61,615	58,995	40	20	15	515,725	264,785	250,935
18 to 64 years	455	230	225	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	310	180	125	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885
65 years and over	40	15	25	317,425	140,270	177,155	60	25	30	1,599,990	752,815	847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	55	50	321,885	154,370	167,510	140	80	60	992,235	463,295	528,940
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	25	15	15	159,530	82,000	77,530
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	10	53,105	27,240	25,870
18 to 64 years	90	45	45	197,020	99,310	97,710	85	50	30	515,470	256,435	259,035
65 years and over	10	5	5	70,600	27,185	43,415	30	15	15	317,235	124,865	192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	18.8	20.0	18.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	30.4	30.8	30.0	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	26.0	24.0	28.0	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	28.0	25.0	30.0	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	20.0	20.0	20.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	28.0	30.0	26.0	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	20.0	30.0	16.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	52.0	50.0	50.0	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	550	270	280	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	465	265	200	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350
0 to 17 years	60	30	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	95	55	40	1,634,715	837,715	797,005
0 to 5 years	15	5	5	120,610	61,615	58,995	35	20	20	511,400	262,535	248,860
18 to 64 years	450	225	225	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	305	185	125	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035
65 years and over	40	15	25	317,425	140,265	177,155	60	30	35	1,596,400	751,095	845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	80	45	40	213,720	108,905	104,815	90	65	30	439,850	223,055	216,795
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	10	10	5	61,665	31,610	30,060
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	0	19,815	10,190	9,630
18 to 64 years	75	35	35	153,385	81,765	71,620	65	45	20	313,970	167,015	146,955
65 years and over	5	5	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	5	5	64,210	24,430	39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	15.0	15.6	14.4	10.9	11.3	10.6	19.2	23.0	14.0	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	12.0	16.0	x	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	12.0	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	16.0	16.0	17.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	21.0	25.0	14.0	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	16.0	30.0	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	24.0	25.0	20.0	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	550	270	275	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	465	260	200	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution	335	160	175	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	410	230	180	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895
In bottom decile	110	55	55	298,540	147,890	150,655	115	75	35	851,840	407,705	444,140
In second decile	65	30	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	115	60	55	920,490	434,730	485,760
In third decile	50	20	30	240,895	116,550	124,345	100	45	50	969,255	471,650	497,600
In fourth decile	50	30	20	218,125	105,885	112,240	55	30	25	978,345	482,760	495,590
In fifth decile	55	25	25	194,765	95,185	99,580	30	15	15	947,090	473,285	473,810
In top half of the distribution	220	110	105	762,590	384,140	378,450	55	35	25	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765
In sixth decile	55	30	30	172,200	85,100	87,095	20	15	10	899,660	454,970	444,690
In seventh decile	50	25	25	156,540	78,290	78,250	10	5	10	837,225	425,400	411,830
In eighth decile	35	20	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	0	0	0	752,410	383,450	368,955
In ninth decile	35	15	20	134,265	68,285	65,980	10	10	0	634,425	325,700	308,730
In top decile	40	20	20	155,465	79,870	75,595	0	0	0	517,725	267,160	250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	550	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	465	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.366	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.272	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.454	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.530	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.242	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English only	25	15	10	262,290	133,690	128,600	150	100	55	445,575	228,840	216,735
French only	100	50	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	50	30	20	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605
English and French	420	205	210	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	225	120	100	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	45	15	30	82,075	35,200	46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	85	40	45	605,220	303,380	301,835	205	130	80	1,088,820	548,595	540,225
French	430	215	210	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	125	75	50	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860
English and French	35	10	20	173,785	88,480	85,300	85	45	40	329,515	169,050	160,465
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	45	15	30	79,000	33,590	45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	525	255	265	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	435	250	185	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865
Official languages	450	225	225	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	125	75	50	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755
English	55	30	25	322,315	162,085	160,230	55	30	20	639,365	323,170	316,195
French	395	200	200	870,975	428,435	442,540	70	45	25	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565
Non-official languages	75	30	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	305	170	135	1,167,550	570,440	597,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	565	290	275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	610	300	310
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	190	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	860	410	450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	820	385	435
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	60	30	35
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	75	30	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	305	170	135	1,125,730	549,960	575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	25	15	5	233,220	122,895	110,320
Berber languages	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130
Kabyle	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0	285	160	125
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0	980	510	470
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0	425	235	190
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0	555	280	280
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	320	170	150
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0	1,330	620	705
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0	1,275	595	680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	15
Semitic languages	5	5	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	20	20	5	204,600	107,735	96,865
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0	735	345	385
Arabic	5	5	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	20	20	5	198,785	104,765	94,020
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0	525	250	270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	170	85	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	45	20	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	300	150	155
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	20	5	20
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0	810	415	395
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	5	37,425	17,185	20,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755
Vietnamese	5	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	5	28,630	13,180	15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	0	0	0	25,580	10,200	15,375
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0	140	55	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0	465	175	290
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0	1,050	370	685
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0	590	205	385
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0	2,125	855	1,275
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0	730	255	475
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	20
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0	1,810	870	940
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0	1,180	545	630
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0	630	325	310
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	75	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0	225	95	130
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	120	55	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0	17,710	7,005	10,705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	65	20	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0	410	185	230
Creole languages	0	0	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0	62,640	28,375	34,265
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	5	10
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	490	240	250
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0	555	255	300
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	35	20	15	18,350	9,425	8,925
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0	375	215	160
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0	1,800	945	850
Tamil	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	35	20	15	14,235	7,030	7,205
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0	150	70	80
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	329,415	158,980	170,435	225	125	100	595,790	290,670	305,115
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0	3,310	1,660	1,650
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670
Balto-Slavic languages	5	5	5	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	0	0	68,295	30,855	37,435
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0	725	285	440
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0	235	100	135
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0	490	185	300
Slavic languages	5	5	5	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	0	0	67,565	30,570	36,995
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	75	35	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0	1,345	625	725
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0	220	110	115
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0	12,495	5,380	7,120
Russian	0	5	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	0	0	31,700	14,115	17,590
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0	250	120	125
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0	855	380	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0	600	265	335
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	50	25	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0	130	80	55
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	20	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	20	10	5
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	55	30	20
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0	25,580	12,440	13,140
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0	1,110	565	540
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	170	90	80
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0	400	185	220
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0	1,140	560	575
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	360	175	185
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	190	100	85
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0	530	260	275
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0	105	50	55
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	55	30	25	34,080	16,735	17,345
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	135	80	60	101,450	52,780	48,665
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	135	75	60	63,025	33,465	29,555
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	20	15
Bengali	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	55	30	20	12,140	6,220	5,920
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	5	5	0	7,070	3,655	3,415
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	5	5	0	5,445	3,080	2,360
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0	170	80	90
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	40	25	15
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	80	40	35
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0	520	285	235
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0	1,105	560	545
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	65	35	30
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	40	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	45	25	25	23,825	12,975	10,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	70
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0	100	60	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0	725	375	350
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	25	10	15	11,320	5,860	5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0	265	150	115
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	5	5	0	38,400	19,305	19,090
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0	1,120	630	485
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	5	5	0	1,490	810	680
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0	35,615	17,770	17,850
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0	2,820	1,410	1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0	125	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	50	20	30	183,755	87,295	96,460	25	15	10	346,000	167,870	178,130
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0	330	165	160
Italian	0	0	0	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	5	0	90,940	44,080	46,865
Portuguese	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0	41,545	19,890	21,650
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695
Spanish	40	20	25	85,395	41,150	44,250	20	10	10	177,155	86,490	90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0	225	125	105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	55	30	30
Japanese	5	0	5	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0	2,760	795	1,965
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0	6,670	2,860	3,815
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	225	90	135
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	985	490	490
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0	1,490	795	700
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	90	40	50
Éwé	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0	995	535	465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	50	20	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	10
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0	285	145	145
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0	405	205	205
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	60	20	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0	125	60	60
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0	270	175	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0	910	435	475
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0	875	470	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0	1,010	535	480
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0	845	450	400
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0	155	80	75
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0	1,280	680	600
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0	120	60	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0	930	485	445
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0	225	130	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	10	5	5	87,540	40,170	47,375
Chinese languages	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	10	5	5	87,155	39,990	47,160
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0	470	200	270
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	0	0	0	57,445	26,210	31,235
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	790	365	430
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	5	5	24,235	11,275	12,965
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0	1,425	710	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0	310	140	175
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0	80	25	55
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0	130	65	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0	1,015	220	795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	5	5	5	9,230	4,775	4,455
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0	410	250	160
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	25	20
Turkish	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	5	5	5	8,220	4,240	3,975
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	235	110	125
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	170	80	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0	140	60	80
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0	160	60	95
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0	305	120	190
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0	170	95	75
Multiple responses	30	15	15	143,450	71,980	71,470	30	15	20	308,550	155,455	153,095
English and French	15	5	10	42,695	21,750	20,940	10	5	5	126,405	64,585	61,820
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	32,265	15,955	16,310	10	5	5	49,485	24,660	24,825
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	5	94,205	46,880	47,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	0	5	28,685	14,700	13,985
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	0	0	0	9,765	4,625	5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	40	20	20	340,470	170,050	170,425	60	35	25	623,305	313,780	309,520
French	350	175	175	779,125	383,000	396,125	60	45	15	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555
Non-official language	20	5	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	140	80	60	366,730	177,410	189,315
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495
Non-Indigenous	20	5	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	140	80	60	343,650	165,830	177,825
English and French	75	35	40	173,135	89,205	83,935	30	15	15	497,380	256,735	240,645
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	135,390	66,995	68,400	55	35	25	205,755	102,290	103,470
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	180,900	85,935	94,965	35	15	15	375,795	179,585	196,210
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	154,470	76,450	78,020	65	30	35	284,940	141,275	143,665
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	15	10	10	20,125	9,545	10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	465	265	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	510	255	255	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	395	230	165	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785
Official languages	475	240	235	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	170	110	60	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030
English	75	35	35	479,850	239,270	240,580	95	55	40	874,185	438,570	435,615
French	400	205	195	956,130	471,155	484,975	80	50	25	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420
Non-official languages	35	15	20	370,290	177,955	192,335	225	120	100	662,615	322,860	339,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	295	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	255	240
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	230	110	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	35	15	20	370,125	177,895	192,235	225	120	100	628,365	305,820	322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	5	5	116,685	59,645	57,040
Berber languages	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045
Kabyle	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0	670	365	305
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	195	110	90
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	335	165	170
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0	180	85	90
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	155	75	80
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0	225	115	115
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0	605	280	325
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	580	265	315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	58,585	30,100	28,490	10	5	5	104,890	53,505	51,380
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0	330	155	175
Arabic	0	0	0	56,520	29,075	27,445	10	5	5	102,120	52,125	49,990
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0	380	185	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	130	60	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	50	25	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	200	105	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0	1,515	760	755
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	490	250	240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	5	5	0	24,500	11,410	13,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670
Vietnamese	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	5	5	0	19,595	9,185	10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0	13,845	6,335	7,515
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	45	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0	560	240	320
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	320	135	185
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0	1,175	510	665
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	255	115	135
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	610	325	285
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0	305	165	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	300	160	145
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0	125	60	65
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0	10,260	4,690	5,570
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	185	90	90
Creole languages	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	5	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	1,590	765	825
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	230	110	125
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0	220	110	120
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	35	15	15	13,800	6,935	6,865
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	190	105	90
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0	1,225	645	580
Tamil	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	35	15	15	11,215	5,465	5,755
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0	1,140	700	435
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	15	15	188,550	90,370	98,185	165	85	75	336,635	164,100	172,535
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0	1,910	945	970
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	0	0	0	39,725	18,855	20,870
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0	150	60	90
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	95	35	60
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	0	0	0	39,575	18,795	20,775
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0	375	180	200
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	125	65	60
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	0	0	0	22,770	10,815	11,960
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0	1,075	530	545
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0	945	445	505
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	100	50	45
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0	200	85	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0	150	70	85
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0	45	35	10
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	110	30	75
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675
German	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0	1,685	805	880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	235	125	115
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0	420	200	215
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	65	30	35
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0	300	145	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	175	85	95
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	25	10	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	100	50	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	20	5	10
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	40	20	20	15,235	7,015	8,220
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	110	65	45	74,455	38,045	36,410
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	110	65	45	46,420	24,225	22,195
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	35	25	15	8,760	4,360	4,405
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	5	0	4,630	2,360	2,270
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	5	0	0	3,525	1,915	1,615
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0	95	45	55
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	255	135	120
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0	880	445	430
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	45	25	20	19,290	10,435	8,855
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	45
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0	425	225	205
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	25	10	10	8,250	4,160	4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0	150	80	70
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0	625	325	300
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0	1,110	590	520
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	15	95,835	44,515	51,315	15	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	135	70	65
Italian	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	5	5	5	26,290	11,205	15,085
Portuguese	5	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0	20,885	9,965	10,920
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355
Spanish	30	10	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	5	112,915	55,870	57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0	1,155	455	700
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0	145	70	80
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0	485	235	245
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0	385	195	195
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	225	115	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0	850	445	410
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0	965	415	545
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0	930	410	525
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	20
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0	1,655	775	875
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	45	20	25
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0	105	75	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0	1,665	810	855
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0	245	100	145
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0	1,470	795	675
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0	240	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0	720	320	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0	395	195	200
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0	365	180	185
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0	300	165	135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0	1,385	775	615
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0	550	345	205
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	10	0	5	67,120	31,725	35,390
Chinese languages	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	10	0	5	66,880	31,610	35,275
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0	150	65	80
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0	46,925	22,275	24,650
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0	1,510	680	835
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0	535	260	275
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	10	0	5	16,860	7,870	8,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0	870	445	430
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	190	90	100
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	75	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	40	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0	255	95	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Turkic languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0	175	95	75
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0	145	65	85
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	35	20	15
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0	1,505	670	830
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	45	20	25
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0	1,445	645	805
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	55	25	25
Multiple responses	40	20	25	173,745	85,640	88,110	65	30	35	357,245	176,070	181,175
English and French	30	15	20	53,305	27,065	26,240	10	5	5	137,120	69,025	68,095
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	39,365	19,140	20,225	20	10	5	60,495	29,540	30,950
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	57,355	27,790	29,565	10	5	10	116,595	56,445	60,150
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	25	10	10	39,875	19,575	20,300
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	550	270	280	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	465	265	200	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
None	440	220	220	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	300	180	120	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155
English	40	20	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	35	15	15	353,690	183,470	170,225
French	25	10	10	126,780	62,180	64,600	30	15	15	259,425	127,380	132,040
Non-official language	15	10	10	144,335	69,210	75,130	50	25	30	269,715	129,830	139,890
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-Indigenous	15	10	10	144,155	69,135	75,015	50	25	30	264,405	127,330	137,070
English and French	0	0	0	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	10	5	61,955	31,425	30,525
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	10	10	5	76,755	38,765	37,990
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	15	5	5	55,860	26,915	28,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	5	5	5	7,295	3,700	3,595
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	0	0	0	19,290	9,695	9,595
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	505	260	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	415	275	140	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Official languages	505	260	245	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	375	260	110	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230
English	405	205	200	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	335	245	90	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465
French	485	245	230	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	235	160	75	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750
Non-official languages	165	80	85	971,455	471,755	499,700	340	215	125	1,853,710	899,285	954,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	425	430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	265	120	145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,000	495	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	370	210	160
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	370	205	160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	1,750	800	955
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0	210	110	100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	155	75	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	60	30	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0	95	50	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	90	50	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	65	40	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0	240	125	110
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0	215	110	100
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	30	30	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	65	45	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45
Non-Indigenous languages	165	80	85	970,710	471,495	499,220	340	215	125	1,804,195	875,095	929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	217,295	113,605	103,690	55	35	20	385,210	201,105	184,100
Berber languages	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820
Kabyle	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0	1,000	545	455
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0	1,250	725	525
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0	1,650	825	825
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0	1,150	580	575
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	55	20	35
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0	100	45	50
Semitic languages	10	10	0	205,120	107,210	97,905	55	35	20	363,875	190,005	173,870
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0	1,225	605	620
Arabic	10	10	0	188,115	98,545	89,565	55	35	20	343,675	179,750	163,930
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0	935	460	480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	205	110	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0	660	310	345
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0	1,010	490	520
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0	165	90	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855
Vietnamese	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0	105	60	45
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0	40,880	16,660	24,225
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0	340	150	190
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0	655	285	370
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0	1,215	470	745
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0	3,845	1,565	2,280
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0	1,510	625	885
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0	85	45	45
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0	1,085	570	515
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0	595	275	320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0	460	195	265
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	200	90	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0	33,810	13,330	20,480
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	215	100	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0	1,645	655	990
Creole languages	10	0	10	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0	135,275	62,040	73,235
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	340	165	175
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	75	25	50
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0	1,070	570	500
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0	17,995	8,440	9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	50	30	15	25,390	13,070	12,320
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0	925	530	395
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200
Tamil	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	50	30	15	20,050	9,955	10,100
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0	80	30	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	95	55	40
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0	245	110	135
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	140	70	75	514,485	250,190	264,295	220	135	80	1,014,365	490,155	524,215
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310
Balto-Slavic languages	10	10	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0	1,105	465	635
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0	440	180	260
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0	660	290	375
Slavic languages	10	10	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0	410	185	230
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0	455	205	250
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235
Russian	10	10	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0	315	175	140
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0	1,380	630	750
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0	810	340	465
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	110	60	55
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0	665	375	295
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0	300	180	120
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	135	85	45
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	85	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0	165	90	80
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0	65	20	45
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0	1,615	785	830
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0	580	295	285
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	40	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0	735	340	400
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0	860	395	460
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	90	35	55
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0	735	375	360
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0	1,905	980	920
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	215	115	100
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	55	25	20	50,375	24,835	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	140	90	50	136,020	71,180	64,840
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	140	90	50	90,745	48,355	42,395
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0	75	40	30
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	30	20	0	16,170	8,320	7,850
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	25	20	10	10,640	5,590	5,050
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	50	30	20	35,765	19,145	16,620
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0	375	155	220
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0	115	65	50
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0	235	130	105
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0	1,160	620	545
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0	1,375	740	635
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0	105	50	60
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	60	25	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	60	35	25	34,290	18,580	15,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	110	145
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0	230	115	115
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0	1,610	860	755
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	75	40	35	21,180	11,325	9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0	770	445	320
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0	135	80	55
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	290	180	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0	170	100	65
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60	65	324,695	154,360	170,340	30	15	10	684,830	324,095	360,735
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0	1,250	725	530
Italian	15	0	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645
Portuguese	10	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0	65,605	33,005	32,600
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090
Spanish	105	50	55	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	15	10	453,905	210,400	243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0	1,105	670	435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0	285	150	135
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0	9,305	4,485	4,820
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0	320	125	195
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0	75,835	37,990	37,845
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0	365	190	175
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0	375	225	150
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0	280	135	150
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0	80	25	55
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0	745	435	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065
Lingala	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0	1,205	600	605
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0	1,615	810	805
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	80	45	35
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0	180	85	95
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0	345	190	155
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0	570	375	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0	85	40	45
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0	3,100	1,610	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0	1,865	905	960
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0	1,845	895	950
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0	995	555	440
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0	1,310	575	735
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0	1,555	830	725
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0	107,415	49,840	57,575
Chinese languages	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0	106,915	49,630	57,285
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0	810	370	445
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0	80,520	37,100	43,420
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0	70	35	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0	1,255	565	685
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0	1,500	785	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0	245	125	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0	465	190	275
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0	135	30	110
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	190	100	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	130	60	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	100	60	45
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0	995	570	425
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0	125	60	65
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0	350	155	200
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0	320	155	170
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	350	165	185
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0	230	90	140
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0	525	250	270
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0	835	430	405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0	205,010	101,150	103,865
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0	193,365	95,320	98,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	10	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0	61,010	31,620	29,390
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265
Non-Indigenous identity	500	255	240	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	410	275	135	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	505	260	250	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	410	275	135	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Owner	55	...	...	360,125	...	...	40	...	...	2,245,605	...	...
Renter	250	...	...	550,240	...	...	145	...	...	1,497,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Condominium	75	...	...	192,985	...	...	25	...	...	515,590	...	...
Not condominium	230	...	...	717,375	...	...	160	...	...	3,233,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...
1 bedroom	135	...	...	267,715	...	...	55	...	...	623,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	115	...	...	303,875	...	...	95	...	...	1,173,600	...	...
3 bedrooms	20	...	...	220,945	...	...	20	...	...	1,189,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	98,090	...	...	15	...	...	730,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	210	...	...	501,570	...	...	140	...	...	1,378,765	...	...
5 rooms	60	...	...	166,230	...	...	20	...	...	645,635	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	78,495	...	...	20	...	...	435,225	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...	403,225	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...	886,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One person or fewer per room	300	...	...	881,730	...	...	160	...	...	3,700,720	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	25	...	...	48,315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Suitable	300	...	...	834,885	...	...	145	...	...	3,606,260	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	35	...	...	142,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1960 or before	165	...	...	325,005	...	...	70	...	...	879,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	75	...	...	282,605	...	...	70	...	...	1,114,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	30	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...	509,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	15	...	...	63,765	...	...	20	...	...	385,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...	198,595	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...	231,930	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...	217,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	245	...	...	833,540	...	...	160	...	...	3,512,925	...	...
Major repairs needed	55	...	...	76,815	...	...	25	...	...	236,110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-maintainer household	185	...	...	543,605	...	...	100	...	...	2,097,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	333,140	...	...	75	...	...	1,561,495	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	33,620	...	...	0	...	...	89,875	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	35	...	...	40,960	...	...	10	...	...	117,525	...	...
25 to 34 years	110	...	...	162,375	...	...	45	...	...	525,540	...	...
35 to 44 years	60	...	...	171,535	...	...	20	...	...	647,165	...	...
45 to 54 years	40	...	...	155,520	...	...	35	...	...	628,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	30	...	...	760,395	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	122,825	...	...	20	...	...	629,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	0	...	...	70,345	...	...	20	...	...	336,170	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	295	...	...	902,485	...	...	175	...	...	3,706,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	190	...	...	686,075	...	...	135	...	...	3,110,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	105	...	...	216,410	...	...	45	...	...	595,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	95	...	...	189,795	...	...	45	...	...	542,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	300	...	...	910,360	...	...	185	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	330,635	...	...	85	...	...	901,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	85	...	...	186,350	...	...	35	...	...	537,090	...	...
Not suitable only	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	30	...	...	112,775	...	...
Major repairs needed only	40	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...	179,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...	41,740	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...	13,135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...
Acceptable housing	160	...	...	579,720	...	...	95	...	...	2,847,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	290	...	...	875,865	...	...	180	...	...	3,652,985	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	87,945	...	...	40	...	...	218,275	...	...
Not in core need	250	...	...	787,925	...	...	140	...	...	3,434,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	360,120	...	...	40	...	...	2,227,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	81.8	...	...	60.0	...	...	62.5	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,390	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	1,572	...	...	1,200	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	840,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	250	...	...	550,235	...	...	145	...	...	1,493,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.5	...	...	28.4	...	...	31.0	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	24.1	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	860	...	...	890	...	...	740	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	987	...	...	800	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	510	260	245	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	1,830	865	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0	760	365	400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	55	40	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	25	15	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0	203,425	96,595	106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	25	15	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0	200,985	95,520	105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	535	240	295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	60	25	30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	480	245	235	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	410	275	135	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	510	265	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	380	195	185	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	305	195	110	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45	30	20	322,965	164,980	157,985	35	30	10	1,570,720	805,100	765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	335	170	165	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	270	165	105	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	130	65	65	313,410	160,530	152,885	105	80	25	518,265	264,490	253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	510	265	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	335	165	170	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	150	110	35	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705
Immigrants⁸¹	80	35	40	652,730	313,955	338,770	210	120	90	1,210,600	588,960	621,640
Before 1980	10	10	0	108,265	50,530	57,735	40	25	20	187,200	91,895	95,300
1980 to 1990	20	10	10	69,695	34,150	35,545	20	10	0	124,610	61,850	62,755
1991 to 2000	15	0	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	20	10	20	190,495	91,635	98,860
2001 to 2010	15	0	10	154,780	74,520	80,255	95	55	40	312,210	150,825	161,390
2011 to 2021⁸²	20	10	10	213,175	104,225	108,950	35	30	10	396,090	192,745	203,340
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	15	15	0	193,345	93,485	99,855
2016 to 2021	15	10	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	0	202,740	99,260	103,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	100	55	40	138,240	75,380	62,860	50	40	0	205,770	113,500	92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	75	40	40	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	120	90	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Under 5 years	0	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	10	112,295	56,755	55,540
5 to 14 years	10	10	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	20	15	0	201,385	101,555	99,835
15 to 24 years	10	0	0	118,475	53,035	65,440	65	30	35	213,035	96,175	116,860
25 to 44 years	55	25	35	326,320	158,620	167,700	110	70	45	594,845	292,975	301,875
45 years and over	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	0	0	0	89,045	41,505	47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	75	40	40	652,725	313,955	338,770	210	120	90	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Americas	25	10	15	137,955	63,465	74,485	25	20	0	264,885	121,740	143,145
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125
El Salvador	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260
Haiti	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	10	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480
Europe	30	20	10	158,795	76,610	82,190	35	15	20	309,015	154,110	154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960
France	25	15	10	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	35	15	20	16,130	7,790	8,340
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475
Italy	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0	1,655	870	785
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0	1,610	760	850
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075
Africa	10	0	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	35	20	15	302,010	153,655	148,355
Algeria	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	20	15	0	72,835	37,535	35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0	600	305	300
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0	1,045	485	565
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	15	0	10	68,865	34,810	34,060
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0	2,210	1,185	1,025
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0	675	330	350
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0	1,025	575	450
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360
Asia	10	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	110	65	45	332,925	158,445	174,475
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0	52,500	23,010	29,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0	31,350	11,835	19,515
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	10	10	0	8,965	4,510	4,455
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	40	15	20	24,990	12,770	12,225
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	25	10	10	11,250	5,970	5,285
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	25	15	15	10,910	5,350	5,560
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	10	10	0	44,455	20,665	23,790
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	0	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	15	10	0	202,740	99,265	103,480
Americas	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0	30,910	14,985	15,920
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315
Haiti	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0	215	130	90
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0	530	295	240
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0	100	85	15
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0	700	420	285
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0	1,365	515	850
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0	1,660	720	940
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0	975	615	360
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845
Africa	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0	70,310	34,215	36,095
Algeria	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0	300	160	135
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0	155	75	75
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0	995	525	470
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	75	40	30
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0	190	100	85
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0	100	55	45
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330
Asia	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	0	0	0	67,305	32,185	35,120
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0	1,190	565	625
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0	150	70	75
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0	715	385	325
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0	395	205	185
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0	325	75	250
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0	565	285	275
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0	1,355	585	775
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0	245	140	100
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0	8,480	3,560	4,920
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0	1,390	790	600
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0	710	320	385
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0	800	450	355
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0	975	510	470
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0	510	355	160
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0	295	195	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	220	160	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	415	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625
First generation¹⁰⁰	180	100	80	813,905	400,325	413,580	260	170	100	1,471,845	728,125	743,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	95	45	50	424,225	212,755	211,475	95	60	30	883,485	446,000	437,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	235	115	115	721,230	352,590	368,630	55	45	10	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	65	25	35	544,455	263,425	281,040	165	100	70	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	45	25	25	303,105	155,090	148,020	40	25	15	559,935	290,040	269,895
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	20	20	151,015	87,200	63,815	25	20	0	267,870	161,125	106,740
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10	0	0	152,090	67,890	84,205	10	10	0	292,070	128,915	163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	15	0	10	146,645	59,645	87,000	90	45	45	272,255	109,735	162,515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	25	15	15	175,740	89,995	85,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	15	15	0	15,470	7,290	8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	65	25	35	544,455	263,425	281,040	165	100	70	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	40	25	15	89,850	47,360	42,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	25	10	20	56,685	26,490	30,195	15	10	0	94,185	46,445	47,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0	48,805	27,680	21,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	10	10	0	8,935	3,495	5,440
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30	20	10	387,815	184,015	203,795	100	50	45	756,120	358,700	397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	505	260	250	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	70	50	737,510	363,785	373,725	270	180	90	1,340,735	662,065	678,670
South Asian	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	185	120	65	127,990	67,140	60,850
Chinese	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0	115,240	51,375	63,865
Black	20	10	10	208,805	101,125	107,680	10	10	0	422,405	206,335	216,070
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0	44,885	19,300	25,580
Arab	10	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	55	35	20	280,075	146,990	133,085
Latin American	45	20	25	82,550	40,580	41,970	10	10	0	172,925	85,035	87,880
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0	5,305	2,190	3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	20	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0	12,150	6,020	6,125
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	390	190	200	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	140	90	50	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	505	265	245	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	410	275	135	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Canadian	105	55	45	241,015	115,880	125,135	20	20	0	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880
English	25	0	25	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0	177,710	88,910	88,800
Irish	50	20	35	102,325	48,885	53,440	10	10	0	404,190	193,440	210,745
Scottish	10	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0	192,685	93,120	99,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	215	120	95	336,880	169,710	167,170	35	20	10	1,778,900	897,890	881,010
German	25	20	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0	124,305	60,295	64,010
Chinese	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0	123,985	55,730	68,255
Italian	50	25	25	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0	316,315	157,600	158,720
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	25	15	10	65,790	34,390	31,405
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095
Dutch	15	10	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0	22,385	11,085	11,305
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0	63,505	31,010	32,495
Québécois	55	30	20	108,910	54,650	54,260	15	15	0	931,940	465,630	466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0	38,655	19,380	19,275
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0	43,580	18,815	24,760
French Canadian	10	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0	149,955	75,935	74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10	10	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	15	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0	99,420	50,795	48,625
Russian	10	10	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160
Welsh	10	0	10	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810
Portuguese	20	15	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230
Spanish	35	25	10	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	45	20	25	16,645	8,825	7,815
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0	57,320	29,015	28,305
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	45	30	15	104,735	55,130	49,610
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	55	30	25	69,705	35,085	34,620
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0	46,765	22,775	23,995
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315
Haitian	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125
Mexican	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0	695	325	365
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	50	30	15	12,400	6,165	6,240
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0	7,460	3,215	4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0	1,135	660	470
Colombian	15	10	10	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0	31,590	15,820	15,770
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0	1,120	540	585
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0	1,830	935	895
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	20	15	10	11,075	5,635	5,445
Algerian	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	10	10	0	65,860	33,955	31,905
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0	15,775	7,620	8,155
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0	3,200	1,570	1,630
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0	1,045	545	500
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	1,820	885	935
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055
Chilean	10	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0	1,430	640	790
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0	1,440	740	705
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185
Peruvian	10	0	10	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0	1,095	585	510
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0	680	325	355
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0	1,340	710	630
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0	800	400	400
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0	1,620	790	830
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0	410	175	240
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110
Tunisian	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0	1,640	760	875
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510
Guatemalan	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0	1,445	705	745
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0	1,200	595	600
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0	1,695	890	800
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	280	110	170
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0	885	450	435
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	15	35
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0	605	290	315
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0	980	505	475
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0	835	395	440
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0	880	535	340
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	70	40	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0	430	210	220
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0	625	360	265
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0	500	245	255
Breton	10	0	10	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	140	50	90
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0	840	405	440
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	180	95	90
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0	245	110	130
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0	1,365	635	730
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0	475	225	250
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0	155	80	80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0	1,485	750	735
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0	410	230	185
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0	525	245	280
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0	65	25	40
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0	1,455	815	635
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0	480	225	255
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0	205	95	110
Rwandan	15	0	10	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0	1,445	590	850
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0	450	235	215
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0	265	115	155
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0	520	255	265
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0	640	320	315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	55	15	40
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0	500	220	280
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	1,595	830	765
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0	340	180	160
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0	990	500	490
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0	750	410	335
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0	495	215	280
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0	300	140	165
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0	260	125	135
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0	425	225	200
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0	580	265	320
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0	1,165	550	620
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0	180	90	90
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0	240	100	145
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0	485	250	240
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0	795	435	365
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0	980	485	495
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0	1,870	925	945
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0	340	130	210
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0	520	240	280
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	45	65
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0	320	205	115
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0	525	270	250
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0	365	180	180
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0	280	160	125
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0	160	100	65
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	30
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0	425	195	230
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0	635	300	335
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0	160	85	75
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0	315	145	175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	510	260	250	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	410	275	135	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Buddhist	10	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0	48,365	21,395	26,980
Christian	225	105	125	969,945	451,410	518,540	85	55	30	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	45	30	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	0	0	0	464,020	229,155	234,860
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0	800	365	435
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885
Catholic	175	70	105	675,695	314,690	361,010	20	20	0	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	55	25	25	145,805	70,840	74,965
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0	1,220	620	600
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	0	0	0	104,790	48,840	55,950
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	80	55	30	47,390	25,045	22,345
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065
Muslim	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	150	100	50	421,710	218,255	203,455
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	15	10	0	23,345	12,385	10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010
No religion and secular perspectives	265	150	120	590,140	310,985	279,165	70	40	25	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	505	260	245	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	410	275	135	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870
Non-movers	380	200	180	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	375	245	130	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330
Movers	125	55	70	255,365	129,500	125,865	40	25	10	945,290	466,750	478,540
Non-migrants	65	35	35	186,805	94,745	92,055	30	25	10	543,670	268,740	274,925
Migrants	60	25	35	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615
Internal migrants	40	20	25	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	20	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455
Interprovincial migrants	10	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895
External migrants	20	10	10	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	500	255	245	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	410	275	135	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760
Non-movers	200	115	85	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	245	145	95	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060
Movers	300	135	160	821,475	413,250	408,230	160	120	40	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700
Non-migrants	135	55	75	433,700	216,030	217,670	90	65	25	1,312,590	644,860	667,730
Migrants	165	80	85	387,770	197,215	190,560	75	60	15	1,763,060	874,090	888,970
Internal migrants	80	30	50	190,035	93,955	96,075	15	10	0	1,442,970	707,975	734,995
Intraprovincial migrants	65	30	30	159,710	78,770	80,940	15	10	0	1,359,165	666,050	693,115
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	10	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0	83,805	41,925	41,880
External migrants	85	45	40	197,735	103,260	94,485	60	50	15	320,090	166,115	153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	245	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	10	10	274,820	136,500	138,320	100	60	40	1,426,055	773,160	652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	455	225	225	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	275	180	85	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	160	175	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	170	100	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15	10	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	70	45	25	642,800	382,415	260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	320	155	170	975,700	481,690	494,005	205	130	75	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	470	230	235	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	240	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	10	247,460	120,840	126,625	95	55	35	1,256,550	656,495	600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	60	40	20	319,755	162,520	157,240	70	50	25	1,482,020	719,250	762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	390	190	200	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	205	135	65	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	135	85	55	473,060	232,855	240,210	115	70	45	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	10	146,170	81,740	64,425	35	25	10	1,096,360	666,925	429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	25	10	10	106,110	54,025	52,085	35	25	10	793,030	427,220	365,815
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0	303,330	239,705	63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	70	40	30	260,845	122,345	138,495	65	30	30	1,202,040	528,525	673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	66,045	28,760	37,285	15	15	0	252,815	102,150	150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher	255	105	150	609,855	291,355	318,505	95	65	20	1,628,940	741,170	887,765
Bachelor's degree	140	55	90	344,605	160,320	184,285	45	40	10	1,011,695	443,295	568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	40	15	25	58,945	27,280	31,665	10	10	0	149,425	66,595	82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940
Master's degree	70	35	35	159,510	78,325	81,190	30	20	15	360,795	174,150	186,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	335	165	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	275	175	100	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	0	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	65	40	25	525,155	303,815	221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25	10	10	162,205	88,420	73,785	50	35	20	752,855	388,160	364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	305	150	160	831,975	403,420	428,555	155	100	55	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	90	55	35	333,160	167,260	165,895	70	40	30	1,849,290	942,950	906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15	15	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	30	20	10	836,455	498,385	338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	10	10	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	30	20	10	609,895	319,470	290,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	10	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0	226,565	178,915	47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	55	35	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	30	10	25	838,140	372,455	465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15	0	15	48,580	21,830	26,755	10	10	0	174,695	72,115	102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher	215	90	125	498,815	236,155	262,665	85	65	25	1,307,225	573,835	733,395
Bachelor's degree	110	45	65	276,640	128,890	147,745	40	35	10	802,755	343,100	459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	45	20	30	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	10	0	119,460	50,155	69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920
Master's degree	60	30	30	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	10	15	302,065	140,530	161,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	240	125	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75	45	35	567,220	283,355	283,860	165	105	65	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830
Education	30	0	30	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640
13. Education	30	0	30	56,030	12,985	43,045	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	45	35	15	69,210	32,705	36,505	15	10	0	166,900	75,420	91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990
50. Visual and performing arts	25	20	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	15	10	0	143,365	58,875	84,490
Humanities	30	10	15	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	15	0	228,770	90,810	137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0	14,855	4,790	10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	10	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law	85	45	35	157,220	58,185	99,040	40	30	10	430,845	142,280	288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	15	15	0	77,880	29,725	48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135
45. Social sciences	15	15	0	59,300	29,185	30,110	15	10	0	134,510	67,065	67,440
Business, management and public administration	85	40	45	248,895	110,950	137,945	35	20	15	950,820	357,290	593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	780	305	475
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	85	40	45	237,125	108,040	129,090	35	20	15	894,690	344,770	549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	10	57,445	29,770	27,670	30	15	15	158,655	83,605	75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585	25	15	10	57,680	23,925	33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0	42,530	29,180	13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	10	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	30	20	10	177,780	124,955	52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	15	0	147,845	110,915	36,930
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	45	30	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	20	15	0	866,885	778,835	88,060
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	15	10	0	33,975	19,075	14,895
14. Engineering	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	0	0	0	181,290	147,120	34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	180	65	115
46. Construction trades	25	25	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0	189,550	182,910	6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0	179,610	173,605	6,010
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0	99,230	60,010	39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0	64,510	34,415	30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125
Health and related fields	35	0	35	122,295	30,795	91,495	10	0	10	515,215	101,455	413,760
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	0	30	109,185	24,140	85,045	10	0	10	470,150	78,875	391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0	845	270	575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0	154,335	42,710	111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0	355	320	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0	1,280	370	905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	335	160	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	270	175	100	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35	15	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	120	75	45	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Education	25	0	25	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965
13. Education	25	0	25	38,405	8,860	29,545	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	35	25	10	54,840	26,500	28,340	15	10	10	129,065	58,170	70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	15	15	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590
50. Visual and performing arts	20	10	10	48,205	21,870	26,335	15	10	10	110,860	45,555	65,305
Humanities	25	10	15	52,565	20,765	31,805	10	10	0	144,140	56,410	87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0	1,415	485	930
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	70	45	25	121,985	44,105	77,880	30	25	0	334,475	103,635	230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	25	15	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	15	15	0	59,965	20,645	39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	15	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835
45. Social sciences	15	15	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	10	10	0	101,105	49,385	51,720
Business, management and public administration	65	30	40	199,525	87,920	111,600	25	10	10	741,390	268,705	472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0	545	245	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	30	40	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	10	10	697,775	259,725	438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	37,905	19,350	18,560	25	15	10	102,055	53,195	48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	18,535	7,670	10,860	25	15	10	46,430	18,895	27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0	31,410	20,760	10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	25	15	10	147,350	104,880	42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	10	10	0	126,845	95,720	31,120
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	30	25	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	0	0	0	665,365	588,950	76,415
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580
14. Engineering	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	0	0	0	152,450	121,715	30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0	170	65	105
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0	142,000	136,435	5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0	133,660	128,555	5,100
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0	79,190	45,870	33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0	51,620	26,290	25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985
Health and related fields	30	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	10	0	10	387,725	74,730	312,995
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	25	82,410	18,370	64,045	10	0	10	352,905	58,735	294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0	730	180	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	10	10	0	229,120	122,320	106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0	280	250	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0	900	770	125
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0	1,040	290	750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	335	160	170	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	270	175	100	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35	15	10	265,025	144,230	120,800	120	75	45	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	305	145	160	831,975	403,415	428,560	160	100	55	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada	205	90	115	598,455	286,340	312,115	90	55	30	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence	195	90	105	566,540	270,160	296,380	90	55	30	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence	15	0	15	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0	116,855	57,870	58,990
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	100	50	45	233,520	117,075	116,445	65	45	20	414,490	209,160	205,330
Americas	15	0	10	41,560	21,015	20,550	20	10	10	81,780	40,955	40,820
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555
Haiti	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0	215	125	95
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815
Europe	80	45	30	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0	138,260	74,045	64,210
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030
France	80	45	30	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0	935	530	415
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0	370	190	180
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0	465	290	175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	715	360	360
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0	345	155	180
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245
Africa	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	20	15	10	95,260	49,800	45,460
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0	1,835	955	880
Algeria	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	10	10	0	30,560	15,715	14,850
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	10	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0	585	290	295
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0	25,925	13,620	12,310
Asia	10	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	20	0	96,865	43,055	53,805
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0	795	380	415
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0	1,315	650	665
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0	1,210	685	525
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0	665	235	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0	405	170	235
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0	1,395	435	955
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0	14,170	4,975	9,195
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0	970	410	565
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	10	0	0	13,730	6,885	6,845
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	15	15	0	7,490	3,285	4,205
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0	400	215	185
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0	130	75	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	470	230	230	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	370	240	130	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
In the labour force	385	175	210	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	225	165	60	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870
Employed	330	135	195	971,245	502,885	468,360	195	150	40	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Unemployed	55	40	20	110,395	58,460	51,935	35	15	20	335,015	176,245	158,775
Not in the labour force	80	55	25	568,495	246,215	322,280	145	80	65	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340
Participation rate	81.9	76.1	91.3	65.5	69.5	61.8	60.8	68.8	46.2	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	70.2	58.7	84.8	58.9	62.3	55.6	52.7	62.5	30.8	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	14.3	22.9	9.5	10.2	10.4	10.0	15.6	9.1	33.3	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	465	230	235	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	370	240	125	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	85	60	25	582,470	253,075	329,400	170	95	70	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125
Worked	380	175	210	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	205	145	60	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	155	65	95	529,400	287,950	241,450	75	65	0	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	225	110	115	538,265	266,540	271,725	125	75	50	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.3	36.4	39.8	39.7	40.2	39.3	37.6	38.4	35.5	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	385	175	205	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	160	65	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	370	165	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	215	155	60	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
Employee	300	130	175	907,745	457,830	449,915	175	125	50	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740
Permanent position	250	110	135	741,830	380,445	361,385	150	95	50	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885
Temporary position	55	15	40	165,915	77,385	88,530	25	25	0	623,510	296,655	326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more)	35	10	25	69,690	31,285	38,405	15	15	0	217,905	94,210	123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	20	10	10	96,225	46,100	50,120	10	10	0	405,605	202,450	203,155
Self-employed¹⁹²	70	40	25	142,380	88,145	54,230	40	35	10	530,720	324,555	206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	385	175	205	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	160	65	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All occupations¹⁹¹	370	165	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	215	155	60	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	10	60	207,660	79,975	127,685	10	0	10	778,905	256,150	522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	40	30	0	114,775	85,780	28,990	25	25	0	360,495	272,510	87,985
3 Health occupations	35	0	30	85,545	21,700	63,845	0	0	0	359,665	70,075	289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	65	25	45	140,500	46,385	94,115	15	10	0	558,725	166,020	392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	45	25	20	61,790	31,615	30,175	20	10	15	146,560	72,400	74,165
6 Sales and service occupations	75	40	35	263,055	135,300	127,750	90	55	35	1,064,155	499,825	564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	20	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	20	20	0	702,290	645,355	56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10	10	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	25	25	0	207,740	150,405	57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	385	175	205	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	230	160	65	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	10	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All industries¹⁹¹	370	165	205	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	215	155	60	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	10	0	10	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0	24,890	21,200	3,695
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330
23 Construction	10	10	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	20	20	0	296,035	254,795	41,240
31-33 Manufacturing	0	0	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	30	30	0	449,115	320,715	128,405
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670
44-45 Retail trade	35	15	20	111,555	56,180	55,375	20	15	0	514,090	248,905	265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	0	0	0	209,445	161,115	48,330
51 Information and cultural industries	40	30	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630
52 Finance and insurance	20	10	10	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0	169,985	74,020	95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	10	63,030	35,450	27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	65	35	35	130,405	75,750	54,655	15	15	0	345,345	193,365	151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	10	49,530	29,800	19,735	15	0	10	171,345	104,695	66,645
61 Educational services	65	20	45	95,290	34,510	60,780	0	0	0	340,885	104,300	236,590
62 Health care and social assistance	45	10	35	142,545	36,095	106,450	15	15	0	617,200	122,675	494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	0	10	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	0	10	72,700	38,810	33,890
72 Accommodation and food services	20	15	10	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	20	0	232,480	109,950	122,530
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	20	15	0	190,470	89,730	100,735
91 Public administration	10	0	10	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	390	175	220	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	165	60	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
English	40	15	25	201,310	110,165	91,150	70	70	0	350,525	195,385	155,145
French	165	70	100	416,430	206,170	210,265	35	20	15	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690
English and French	165	85	80	473,485	249,700	223,785	110	65	45	1,245,535	671,300	574,230
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0	25,875	13,895	11,980
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0	725	435	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	390	175	220	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	165	60	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
Single responses	325	135	190	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	200	160	35	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790
Official languages	325	135	190	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	195	155	35	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665
English	55	20	35	361,715	194,885	166,835	120	105	10	668,485	365,785	302,695
French	270	120	155	645,885	327,180	318,705	70	45	25	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	375	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	720	855
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	35	25	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	160	70	95
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0	1,640	720	920
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0	1,325	585	745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	150	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	330	150	175
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0	325	145	175
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0	160	65	95
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0	150	65	85
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0	310	200	115
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0	55	20	30
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0	135	45	90
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0	735	280	450
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	55	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0	1,420	725	695
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0	1,345	680	665
German	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0	300	175	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0	1,000	485	520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	35	20	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0	40	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0	420	180	240
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0	115	40	70
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0	145	70	75
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0	1,480	855	625
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	160	80	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0	600	345	255
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0	570	320	250
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	185	115	75
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0	365	200	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0	445	220	225
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0	485	185	300
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0	230	135	95
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0	220	40	185
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0	370	165	215
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0	90	55	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0	325	125	195
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0	265	100	170
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0	75	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0	140	65	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0	135	65	70
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	70	35	30	126,180	65,940	60,240	25	0	20	269,365	142,370	126,995
English and French	60	35	30	116,535	60,925	55,605	25	0	20	249,945	132,640	117,300
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0	90	30	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	390	175	220	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	225	165	60	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
None	265	115	150	743,180	381,875	361,305	135	100	40	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585
English	100	50	45	219,885	116,455	103,430	45	25	10	720,960	391,075	329,885
French	15	0	15	149,470	78,495	70,975	45	35	10	302,145	161,340	140,805
Non-official language	15	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0	32,245	16,505	15,745
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675
Non-Indigenous	15	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0	29,220	15,155	14,065
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	280	160	125
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	330	135	190	971,245	502,885	468,360	190	150	40	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Worked at home	110	70	40	298,820	151,335	147,485	35	30	10	897,770	435,285	462,480
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380
No fixed workplace address	25	15	10	89,120	62,795	26,325	25	25	0	442,035	333,730	108,305
Usual place of work	190	50	145	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	100	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	190	50	140	580,035	286,695	293,340	130	95	35	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	180	45	135	427,475	202,010	225,465	105	75	25	1,475,055	685,340	789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	10	0	419,210	203,335	215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	10	0	823,150	442,385	380,765
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	220	65	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	120	35	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Car, truck or van	65	40	25	395,615	229,315	166,300	85	65	20	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver	45	30	15	365,770	218,475	147,295	75	65	10	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	15	10	10	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040
Public transit	80	20	60	177,860	74,605	103,260	55	45	10	287,345	120,460	166,885
Walked	35	0	35	61,160	26,300	34,860	10	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075
Bicycle	40	0	35	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	220	65	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	120	35	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes	35	0	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	20	20	0	1,005,850	482,465	523,385
15 to 29 minutes	100	25	75	241,005	129,590	111,420	50	40	10	1,110,975	578,835	532,140
30 to 44 minutes	65	35	30	176,925	96,710	80,215	45	40	10	635,870	363,430	272,445
45 to 59 minutes	10	0	10	67,635	33,110	34,530	30	15	15	235,140	133,720	101,425
60 minutes and over	10	0	10	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	10	0	206,480	126,635	79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	220	65	150	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	120	35	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	0	0	0	241,420	189,270	52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	20	10	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	10	10	0	569,745	368,480	201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	60	20	45	166,695	79,410	87,280	15	15	0	935,640	441,465	494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	60	10	50	149,185	68,865	80,320	30	25	0	626,895	259,220	367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	50	25	30	106,855	50,615	56,240	35	20	20	330,930	142,495	188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	0	20	112,350	65,830	46,520	50	45	10	489,685	284,160	205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	55	30	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	95	55	45	1,677,585	859,745	817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	30	15	303,835	156,030	147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	30	30	262,245	133,605	128,640	60	25	30	1,373,745	703,720	670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	45	20	25	264,905	135,505	129,395	60	35	25	1,222,970	626,390	596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	25	25	5	230,080	118,075	112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	25	25	5	175,305	90,000	85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5	54,775	28,070	26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	40	20	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	40	15	20	992,895	508,315	484,580

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 7, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table