Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660938More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			24663051More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24661242More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	595	...	...	780	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	684	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	240	...	...	322	...	...	976,966	...	...	375	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	231	...	...	309	...	...	910,359	...	...	357	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	11,121.5	...	...	4,887.2	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	293.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.05	...	...	0.16	...	...	498.29	...	...	2.33	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	595	280	315	780	380	395	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	685	315	370
0 to 14 years	105	55	50	135	65	70	309,765	158,545	151,225	145	70	70
0 to 4 years	25	20	10	35	20	20	99,195	50,760	48,435	60	30	30
5 to 9 years	30	20	10	40	20	25	106,985	54,660	52,320	60	25	30
10 to 14 years	45	20	25	55	25	25	103,590	53,120	50,470	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	370	170	200	485	240	245	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	500	230	270
15 to 19 years	35	20	15	35	20	20	97,525	49,340	48,180	20	10	5
20 to 24 years	45	25	20	45	25	20	140,025	70,895	69,125	15	5	5
25 to 29 years	35	15	20	55	30	30	165,525	83,630	81,895	55	20	35
30 to 34 years	30	10	15	45	25	25	157,725	78,995	78,730	105	40	60
35 to 39 years	35	15	20	55	30	25	149,265	74,115	75,155	90	40	50
40 to 44 years	40	20	25	45	15	30	142,365	70,920	71,445	65	25	35
45 to 49 years	35	15	20	55	25	30	125,505	62,690	62,815	40	25	15
50 to 54 years	45	20	30	40	15	25	121,710	61,735	59,975	50	25	20
55 to 59 years	30	20	15	45	25	20	125,465	63,810	61,655	40	20	20
60 to 64 years	35	10	20	65	30	30	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	15	15
65 years and over	120	50	70	155	70	80	351,325	151,210	200,120	40	15	20
65 to 69 years	40	15	25	40	20	20	99,325	46,730	52,595	15	5	10
70 to 74 years	30	10	20	35	20	20	86,030	39,185	46,845	10	10	5
75 to 79 years	20	10	10	30	15	20	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	5	0
80 to 84 years	15	5	5	25	10	20	46,875	18,960	27,915	5	0	0
85 years and over	20	10	10	15	10	10	55,885	19,015	36,870	5	0	5
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	15	5	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	5	0	10	5	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	19.6	15.9	17.3	17.1	17.7	15.5	16.1	14.8	21.2	22.2	18.9
15 to 64 years	62.2	60.7	63.5	62.2	63.2	62.0	67.0	68.5	65.6	73.0	73.0	73.0
65 years and over	20.2	17.9	22.2	19.9	18.4	20.3	17.5	15.4	19.6	5.8	4.8	5.4
85 years and over	3.4	3.6	3.2	1.9	2.6	2.5	2.8	1.9	3.6	0.7	0.0	1.4
Average age of the population	41.6	39.0	44.0	42.0	41.1	42.8	41.0	39.8	42.1	35.0	35.4	34.7
Median age of the population	42.0	38.0	44.0	41.6	39.2	43.6	39.6	38.4	40.4	35.2	36.0	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	235	...	...	310	...	...	910,360	...	...	360	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	70	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	40	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	40	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	230	...	...	5	...	...	110,440	...	...	15	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	0	...	...	115	...	...	479,885	...	...	305	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	75	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	230	...	...	310	...	...	910,355	...	...	360	...	...
1 person	65	...	...	95	...	...	367,400	...	...	170	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	95	...	...	271,730	...	...	105	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	55	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	45	...	...	98,205	...	...	25	...	...
5 or more persons	25	...	...	30	...	...	54,820	...	...	10	...	...
Number of persons in private households	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	685	315	365
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.2	...	...	1.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	490	220	265	645	315	325	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	540	245	295
Married or living common-law	240	115	120	360	185	175	822,440	414,330	408,115	255	130	125
Married	165	80	85	315	160	155	577,060	289,455	287,600	130	65	65
Living common-law	70	35	35	45	20	20	245,385	124,870	120,510	130	65	65
Living common law - Never married	55	25	30	35	20	20	207,040	104,785	102,250	115	60	60
Living common law - Separated	5	5	0	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	10	5	10	10	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380	15	5	10
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	255	105	145	285	130	155	872,060	410,935	461,125	285	120	165
Not married and not living common law - Never married	175	85	90	185	105	75	627,845	333,150	294,700	210	95	115
Not married and not living common law - Separated	20	5	10	10	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	10	0	10
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	10	25	45	10	35	126,605	46,380	80,225	50	20	35
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	25	10	15	40	10	35	82,815	16,590	66,225	5	0	5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	210	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
2 persons	75	...	...	110	...	...	251,075	...	...	95	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	40	...	...	107,265	...	...	50	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	45	...	...	93,300	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	20	...	...	43,810	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	215	...	...	495,445	...	...	175	...	...
Total couple families	115	...	...	175	...	...	395,645	...	...	125	...	...
Married couples	80	...	...	155	...	...	273,070	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	85	...	...	162,745	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	70	...	...	110,325	...	...	25	...	...
Common-law couples	35	...	...	20	...	...	122,570	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	20	...	...	10	...	...	44,875	...	...	30	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	15	...	...	77,700	...	...	40	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	40	...	...	99,805	...	...	50	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40	...	...	35	...	...	80,530	...	...	45	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	19,275	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	685	320	365
Total - Persons in census families	475	235	245	625	300	320	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	480	225	260
Married spouses or common-law partners	230	115	115	350	175	175	791,280	398,495	392,785	255	130	125
Parents in one-parent families	45	5	35	40	5	35	99,805	19,275	80,525	45	5	45
Children⁶	200	110	90	240	125	115	541,905	284,935	256,965	180	85	90
In a two-parent family	130	65	55	175	90	85	392,250	205,155	187,095	115	55	60
In a one-parent family	75	45	30	65	35	25	149,655	79,785	69,865	65	35	30
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	120	50	70	150	75	70	526,370	262,915	263,450	200	95	105
Living alone	65	25	40	95	40	55	367,395	175,660	191,740	165	75	90
Living with other relatives⁷	10	5	5	25	5	15	49,280	22,020	27,255	5	5	0
Living with non-relatives only	45	20	25	30	20	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	25	10	15
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	230	...	...	310	...	...	910,360	...	...	355	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	140	...	...	180	...	...	455,970	...	...	170	...	...
Couple-family households	110	...	...	150	...	...	370,250	...	...	120	...	...
With children⁶	55	...	...	75	...	...	194,165	...	...	65	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	75	...	...	176,085	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	40	...	...	25	...	...	85,720	...	...	50	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	10	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	15	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	5	...	...	55,210	...	...	10	...	...
One-person households	65	...	...	95	...	...	367,395	...	...	170	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	485	220	270	640	310	325	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	540	250	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	210	260	610	295	310	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	530	240	285
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	38,800	34,000	36,400	38,400	35,200	37,600	39,600	36,000	46,000	52,800	44,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	465	210	260	610	295	310	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	530	240	285
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	34,800	32,000	32,400	33,600	31,400	34,000	35,200	32,800	40,800	45,200	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	415	190	225	530	260	270	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	460	210	255
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	25,200	30,600	21,400	29,200	32,800	23,200	31,000	35,200	27,000	44,400	59,600	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	335	165	170	400	210	195	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	420	195	225
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	31,800	29,600	32,000	34,400	30,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	46,400	60,400	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	410	180	225	535	250	285	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	410	170	235
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	9,200	14,000	12,700	11,000	13,200	10,800	9,600	12,000	9,900	7,350	11,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	15	25	75	40	30	171,705	84,570	87,145	75	25	50
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,040	x	5,640	5,280	4,600	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,680	6,850	6,850	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	80	70	195	95	100	529,640	276,110	253,530	160	65	95
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	6,240	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	500	235	265	600	280	320	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	580	275	300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	225	260	590	280	315	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	560	255	300
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,000	47,600	48,400	43,200	46,400	40,400	53,250	60,050	46,760	55,800	61,600	50,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	485	225	260	590	280	315	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	560	255	300
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,600	39,600	41,600	35,600	38,400	33,200	42,520	46,280	38,960	45,000	48,000	42,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	460	225	240	520	255	265	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	480	215	265
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	40,000	37,200	38,400	41,200	35,600	48,960	57,350	40,640	54,600	66,000	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	395	200	190	410	215	205	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	450	205	245
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,800	37,600	38,000	41,200	44,000	38,400	48,760	55,650	41,480	51,800	57,600	46,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	410	195	215	530	245	285	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	425	190	235
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,700	9,700	17,400	10,320	8,800	11,700	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,600	10,000	14,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80	35	45	85	60	30	171,360	84,435	86,925	95	30	65
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,800	9,500	6,400	3,550	3,800	3,000	6,840	6,065	7,590	10,600	9,000	11,200
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170	80	90	160	75	85	528,305	276,300	252,005	175	70	105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,200	8,600	9,800	8,800	10,600	9,110	9,140	9,070	8,200	8,400	8,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	500	235	265	600	280	320	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	575	275	305
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	85	90	150	85	70	514,340	278,505	235,830	245	120	125
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,000	56,400	53,600	54,000	59,200	52,800	60,000	63,600	56,000	67,500	73,000	63,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600	63,000	64,000	65,000	61,000	70,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	70,000	74,000	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	165	90	75	165	80	80	504,455	247,565	256,895	160	75	85
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	13,100	14,100	9,800	19,000	30,200	15,300	16,400	17,400	15,500	26,800	26,800	22,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	20,400	17,500	29,600	33,500	25,600	26,920	29,400	24,520	31,200	37,000	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	82.0	70.0	78.5	84.0	74.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	83.0	88.0	78.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6	71.0	58.0	67.0	73.0	60.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	74.5	76.0	73.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	17.6	29.6	21.4	16.8	26.0	18.9	14.4	24.4	17.2	12.0	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.8	3.2	2.4	1.2	1.7	0.6	1.4	1.1	1.7	3.3	1.6	4.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.3	7.5	7.0	7.1	5.8	8.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	5.2	4.0	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.4	7.0	5.8	6.3	5.2	7.2	5.7	5.4	6.0	4.6	3.6	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	490	220	265	635	310	325	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	540	245	295
Without total income	20	10	10	25	15	10	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	0
With total income	470	205	260	610	295	315	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	525	240	290
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	25	25	60	30	25	138,250	65,670	72,580	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	75	25	45	90	40	45	200,450	93,060	107,390	50	20	35
$20,000 to $29,999	80	30	50	95	40	60	286,825	131,235	155,595	75	30	50
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	110	50	60	215,455	102,705	112,755	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	80	40	40	181,505	86,460	95,040	65	20	40
$50,000 to $59,999	50	25	25	55	25	30	138,185	64,805	73,380	45	15	30
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	30	15	15	100,060	48,510	51,550	40	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	25	15	15	30	15	10	74,165	37,625	36,540	30	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	20	5	10	15	10	0	58,400	30,060	28,335	25	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	10	0	10	20	10	10	42,240	22,360	19,875	25	15	10
$100,000 and over	15	10	10	30	20	15	149,555	92,680	56,875	80	50	30
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	30	20	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	60	45	20
$150,000 and over	5	0	5	5	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	20	10	10
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	490	220	265	635	310	325	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	540	245	295
Without after-tax income	20	10	10	25	15	10	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	0
With after-tax income	470	205	260	610	295	315	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	525	240	290
Under $10,000 (including loss)	45	25	25	60	30	30	144,275	67,955	76,320	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	80	30	45	85	45	45	210,975	98,495	112,480	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	80	30	50	120	55	65	334,395	155,845	178,545	90	35	55
$30,000 to $39,999	85	50	40	125	55	70	257,145	124,835	132,315	80	40	45
$40,000 to $49,999	70	35	35	90	40	45	204,980	97,805	107,175	70	20	50
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	45	25	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	55	25	30
$60,000 to $69,999	35	15	20	35	20	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	40	20	20
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	15	20	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	30	20	15
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	20	15	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	30	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	20	15	5
$100,000 and over	5	5	5	10	5	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	30	20	10
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	10	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	10	10	5
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	5	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	15	10	10
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	490	220	265	635	310	325	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	540	245	295
Without employment income	155	60	95	240	105	135	495,060	212,405	282,660	120	50	70
With employment income	330	160	170	400	205	190	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	420	195	220
Under $5,000 (including loss)	60	25	35	55	25	25	167,560	82,405	85,155	35	10	25
$5,000 to $9,999	25	15	15	40	20	25	111,575	52,975	58,595	25	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	50	25	25	65	30	30	151,350	72,815	78,530	40	20	25
$20,000 to $29,999	30	10	15	30	20	15	116,030	56,295	59,730	45	15	25
$30,000 to $39,999	30	15	15	50	20	25	108,120	55,225	52,890	35	20	20
$40,000 to $49,999	45	20	25	40	20	25	104,250	51,950	52,300	40	15	25
$50,000 to $59,999	30	15	10	30	15	15	84,485	42,940	41,540	25	10	15
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	5	25	20	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	20	5	10	15	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	30	20	10
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	15	15	0	46,000	24,150	21,850	15	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	5	5	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	30	10	15
$100,000 and over	10	5	5	25	15	5	115,575	74,545	41,030	70	45	30
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	10	10	5	47,525	28,870	18,655	35	20	10
$125,000 and over	5	0	0	10	0	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	40	20	15
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	485	220	270	640	310	325	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	540	250	290
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	205	255	590	290	305	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	520	235	285
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	30,600	33,600	37,200	30,800	34,000	36,400	31,800	43,600	54,400	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	455	205	255	590	290	305	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	520	235	285
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	31,600	28,800	30,000	33,200	27,800	31,000	32,800	29,400	38,000	46,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	405	190	220	520	255	260	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	460	210	255
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	31,400	23,400	29,600	35,600	26,200	32,000	36,000	28,200	46,000	60,000	35,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	315	155	160	405	210	185	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	420	190	225
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	34,800	31,600	33,600	37,600	29,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	49,200	63,200	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	390	165	225	485	215	265	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	365	145	220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,300	3,400	10,400	6,750	3,880	10,200	4,440	2,760	7,300	3,880	2,240	4,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	40	20	20	35	5	30	114,940	56,080	58,855	50	20	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,160	x	4,160	3,920	x	3,720	5,120	4,600	5,760	4,640	4,960	4,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	500	235	265	600	280	320	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	580	275	300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	220	255	560	270	295	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	550	255	295
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	46,000	46,800	41,200	45,200	37,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	51,000	56,800	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	475	220	255	560	270	295	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	550	255	295
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	36,000	39,600	33,800	37,200	30,800	39,800	43,800	35,920	41,600	45,200	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	445	215	230	500	255	245	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	480	210	275
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,600	42,000	39,200	39,200	43,200	35,200	49,080	57,750	40,560	51,400	64,500	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	180	185	405	215	190	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	445	190	255
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,000	42,800	39,200	43,000	46,000	39,600	48,720	55,750	41,240	53,200	67,500	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	170	220	445	205	235	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	390	175	215
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,240	6,200	13,300	7,880	6,120	9,400	8,250	6,740	9,510	7,960	6,000	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60	30	35	20	0	20	114,595	55,675	58,915	60	25	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	8,500	10,000	5,200	...	6,000	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,800	6,800	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	500	235	265	600	280	320	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	575	275	305
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	85	90	150	85	70	507,645	274,575	233,070	250	120	130
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,000	52,000	52,800	44,800	52,400	40,800	54,400	58,400	50,400	59,600	60,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,200	60,000	62,000	61,000	62,000	60,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	64,500	70,000	59,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	140	75	70	145	70	70	462,020	227,495	234,530	150	60	90
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,600	20,200	17,000	27,000	38,000	25,600	21,800	23,200	20,400	26,600	32,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	27,000	23,000	36,000	38,000	34,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	39,500	60,000	25,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	90.0	75.0	85.0	90.0	80.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	89.0	92.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	68.0	76.0	62.0	75.0	82.0	67.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	85.0	88.0	80.0
Government transfers (%)	18.2	10.4	24.8	15.0	10.4	20.4	12.8	8.6	18.2	11.2	7.3	15.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.6	2.4	2.8	0.6	x	1.0	1.1	0.8	1.6	1.7	1.2	2.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	230	...	...	310	...	...	910,355	...	...	360	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	67,500	...	...	58,000	...	...	58,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	65	...	...	95	...	...	367,395	...	...	170	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	47,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	45,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	40,800	...	...	34,000	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	165	...	...	210	...	...	542,960	...	...	190	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	79,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	71,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	95	...	...	367,255	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	41,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	53,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	32,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	45,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	180	...	...	200	...	...	543,100	...	...	215	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	230	...	...	310	...	...	910,355	...	...	360	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	25,730	...	...	15	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	57,720	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	41,160	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	5	...	...	42,630	...	...	25	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	40,980	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	25	...	...	75,485	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	67,695	...	...	25	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	60,495	...	...	30	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	54,055	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	45,830	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	90	...	...	270,265	...	...	110	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	45	...	...	85,635	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	56,205	...	...	30	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	15	...	...	62,095	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	25	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	230	...	...	310	...	...	910,355	...	...	360	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	0	...	...	5	...	...	27,485	...	...	10	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	63,030	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	10	...	...	48,815	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	25	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	20	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	47,120	...	...	25	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	85,490	...	...	35	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	75,625	...	...	35	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	35	...	...	65,530	...	...	25	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	54,850	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	45,065	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	80	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	25	...	...	30	...	...	78,870	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	20	...	...
$150,000 and over	15	...	...	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	30	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	155	...	...	210	...	...	501,830	...	...	180	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	76,500	...	...	82,000	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	75	...	...	179,195	...	...	60	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	71,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	65	...	...	90	...	...	208,260	...	...	65	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	35	...	...	95,875	...	...	50	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	49,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	59,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	110	45	65	125	65	60	477,085	240,895	236,195	195	90	105
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,000	27,000	28,000	43,200	43,600	42,000	34,400	34,800	34,000	44,800	44,400	44,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,600	24,400	27,400	38,800	39,600	37,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	38,800	39,200	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	170	...	...	195	...	...	501,905	...	...	195	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	106,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	35	...	...	80	...	...	179,455	...	...	55	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	70	...	...	208,375	...	...	85	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	50	...	...	45	...	...	95,455	...	...	50	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	62,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	105	45	60	120	50	70	476,520	240,280	236,245	175	90	85
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,500	33,000	44,000	38,000	42,000	36,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	48,000	45,000	51,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,000	28,000	38,000	30,000	35,000	26,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	40,400	38,500	43,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	595	280	315	775	375	395	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	685	315	370
0 to 17 years	125	70	50	160	75	85	365,020	186,710	178,315	160	80	80
0 to 5 years	35	25	15	45	25	25	120,615	61,615	58,995	70	30	40
18 to 64 years	350	160	190	465	235	230	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	485	220	270
65 years and over	120	50	70	150	65	80	317,425	140,270	177,155	40	15	20
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	55	20	35	75	35	45	321,885	154,370	167,510	115	45	65
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	15	5	10	54,265	27,870	26,395	30	15	15
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	5	18,760	9,545	9,215	10	5	5
18 to 64 years	30	10	20	40	20	20	197,020	99,310	97,710	75	30	45
65 years and over	15	5	10	20	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	7.2	12.0	10.0	9.5	10.8	16.4	16.0	16.9	17.2	15.6	18.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.0	9.0	10.0	10.0	14.9	14.9	14.8	18.0	18.0	18.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	16.0	16.0	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	9.0	6.0	11.0	9.2	9.0	9.5	15.4	15.6	15.3	15.6	13.0	17.5
65 years and over (%)	12.0	8.0	14.0	13.0	10.0	16.0	22.2	19.4	24.5	36.0	30.0	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	685	320	365
0 to 17 years	125	70	55	155	75	80	365,025	186,705	178,315	155	75	80
0 to 5 years	40	25	10	45	25	20	120,610	61,615	58,995	70	30	45
18 to 64 years	350	160	190	460	230	230	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	485	225	265
65 years and over	120	50	70	155	70	85	317,425	140,265	177,155	40	20	20
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	45	20	25	60	35	25	213,720	108,905	104,815	80	35	45
0 to 17 years	0	0	0	5	5	5	29,585	15,165	14,425	15	10	5
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	5	5	5
18 to 64 years	40	15	20	40	25	15	153,385	81,765	71,620	55	25	35
65 years and over	5	0	5	10	5	5	30,745	11,975	18,775	5	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6	9.0	6.4	10.9	11.3	10.6	11.2	10.0	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	5.0	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	10.0	8.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	10.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	12.0	10.0	9.2	11.0	7.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	11.2	10.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	6.0	8.0	5.0	9.7	8.5	10.6	16.0	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	595	280	315	775	375	395	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	685	315	370
In bottom half of the distribution	410	195	210	515	255	260	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	405	175	225
In bottom decile	65	25	40	75	40	35	298,540	147,890	150,655	115	50	65
In second decile	70	40	35	95	50	45	244,435	115,985	128,450	80	35	50
In third decile	80	35	40	105	50	55	240,895	116,550	124,345	110	50	55
In fourth decile	140	65	70	125	55	70	218,125	105,885	112,240	50	25	25
In fifth decile	55	25	25	115	60	55	194,765	95,185	99,580	50	20	30
In top half of the distribution	190	85	105	255	125	135	762,590	384,140	378,450	280	140	140
In sixth decile	60	30	35	85	45	45	172,200	85,100	87,095	40	20	20
In seventh decile	45	20	20	75	35	40	156,540	78,290	78,250	50	20	30
In eighth decile	40	20	25	45	15	25	144,120	72,600	71,525	55	30	25
In ninth decile	15	5	10	30	15	20	134,265	68,285	65,980	65	35	30
In top decile	20	10	15	20	10	10	155,465	79,870	75,595	70	35	35
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	595	...	...	775	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	685	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.247	...	...	0.271	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.422	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.518	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.214	...	...	0.237	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.327	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	2.5	...	...	2.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	320	365
English only	110	55	60	205	105	100	262,290	133,690	128,600	95	45	50
French only	125	50	75	90	40	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	185	85	100
English and French	350	170	180	455	215	240	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	400	190	210
Neither English nor French	10	5	5	20	15	10	45,860	18,340	27,520	0	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	320	365
English	265	130	140	425	205	215	605,220	303,380	301,835	215	95	120
French	270	120	150	230	110	125	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	425	205	220
English and French	50	30	20	100	50	45	173,785	88,480	85,300	45	20	20
Neither English nor French	5	0	5	20	15	10	44,430	17,640	26,790	0	0	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	320	365
Single responses	570	265	305	700	345	355	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	625	290	340
Official languages	395	185	215	370	175	195	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	485	235	250
English	180	80	100	225	105	120	322,315	162,085	160,230	145	65	80
French	210	100	110	140	65	75	870,975	428,435	442,540	340	165	170
Non-official languages	175	85	90	330	175	160	643,275	311,525	331,750	145	60	80
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	85	90	330	175	160	642,820	311,370	331,445	145	60	80
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	75	40	30	129,195	68,395	60,805	30	15	15
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	5	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	5	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	75	40	30	112,200	59,320	52,880	30	15	15
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	300	0	0	0
Arabic	15	10	10	70	40	30	107,605	56,960	50,645	30	15	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	5	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	5	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	15	5	10	18,505	7,175	11,330	5	5	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	140	210	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	295	470	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	170	305	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	10	0	5	13,350	5,085	8,265	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	5	0	5	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	15	5	5	13,620	7,090	6,525	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	10	10	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	60	55	195	95	100	329,415	158,980	170,435	55	20	40
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	20	50	20	30	37,235	16,405	20,835	20	5	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	45	25	20	50	20	30	36,800	16,245	20,555	20	5	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	5	0	5	3,670	1,715	1,950	5	0	5
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	5	15	5	10	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	20	10	10	20	5	15	17,695	7,755	9,935	10	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	5	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	5	5	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	10	5	5	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	5	60	35	25	68,600	36,145	32,455	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	5	40	20	20	48,035	25,870	22,165	5	5	5
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	5	15	10	5	18,260	10,100	8,160	5	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	20	10	10	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20	15	10	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	20	15	10	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	20	65	30	35	183,755	87,295	96,460	25	10	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10	15	5	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	5	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	5	5	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	5	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	15	35	15	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	10	5	5	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	5	5	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	5	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	40	20	25
Chinese languages	5	5	5	5	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	40	20	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	5	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	40	15	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	5	5	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	5	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	10	5	5	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	25	15	10	70	30	40	143,450	71,980	71,470	55	25	30
English and French	20	10	10	25	10	15	42,695	21,750	20,940	20	10	5
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15	5	10	32,265	15,955	16,310	5	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	15	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	20	10	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	15	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	5	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	320	365
English	160	75	90	245	125	120	340,470	170,050	170,425	135	65	70
French	195	85	105	110	55	60	779,125	383,000	396,125	290	140	150
Non-official language	65	30	25	100	50	50	204,395	96,705	107,690	40	15	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	65	30	25	100	50	50	204,315	96,670	107,645	40	15	25
English and French	70	35	40	60	30	30	173,135	89,205	83,935	85	40	40
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	20	90	40	55	135,390	66,995	68,400	40	15	30
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	60	30	30	180,900	85,935	94,965	45	15	25
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	95	45	45	154,470	76,450	78,020	45	25	20
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	10	5	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	685	320	365
Single responses	560	260	295	655	325	330	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	610	285	330
Official languages	445	200	245	460	225	235	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	545	255	290
English	230	105	125	310	155	155	479,850	239,270	240,580	185	80	100
French	220	100	120	150	70	80	956,130	471,155	484,975	360	170	190
Non-official languages	110	55	55	190	100	95	370,290	177,955	192,335	70	30	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	55	55	190	100	95	370,125	177,895	192,235	70	30	40
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	50	25	25	66,095	34,080	32,015	20	10	10
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	5	50	25	25	58,585	30,100	28,490	20	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	145	0	0	0
Arabic	10	5	5	50	25	25	56,520	29,075	27,445	20	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	5	5	0	0	5	10,910	4,620	6,295	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	200	270	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	80	45	35	110	55	60	188,550	90,370	98,185	20	5	15
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	15	10	40	20	15	21,410	9,870	11,540	10	0	10
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	25	15	10	40	20	15	21,300	9,830	11,475	10	0	10
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	0	10	5	5	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	25	15	10	15	5	10	12,475	5,775	6,700	5	0	5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	5	0	5	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	10	10	30	10	15	50,680	26,200	24,485	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	10	15	5	10	35,595	18,850	16,750	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	5	10	5	5	14,920	8,220	6,695	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20	5	5	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	20	5	5	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	20	5	5	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	40	20	20	95,835	44,515	51,315	5	0	5
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	5	5	0	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	15	10	5	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	30	15	10	20	10	15	54,335	26,035	28,300	5	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	5	5	5	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	30	15	15
Chinese languages	5	5	5	5	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	30	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	5	5	5	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	30	15	15
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	5	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	35	20	20	120	55	65	173,745	85,640	88,110	70	35	40
English and French	15	10	5	20	10	15	53,305	27,065	26,240	20	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	50	20	30	39,365	19,140	20,225	15	10	10
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	25	10	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	20	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20	10	10	21,910	10,810	11,100	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	595	280	315	775	380	395	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	685	320	365
None	445	210	240	545	270	280	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	520	245	270
English	35	15	20	40	20	20	131,630	67,290	64,340	50	20	25
French	55	25	30	65	30	35	126,780	62,180	64,600	40	15	20
Non-official language	30	20	15	60	25	35	144,335	69,210	75,130	40	15	30
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	30	20	15	60	25	35	144,155	69,135	75,015	40	15	30
English and French	5	5	5	25	15	10	34,410	17,320	17,090	10	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	15	5	10	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	10	5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	20	10	10	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	10	5	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	670	320	355	710	345	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	725	345	380
Official languages	660	315	345	685	335	355	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	720	345	375
English	530	265	255	630	295	325	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	465	225	240
French	540	255	290	500	245	255	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	655	325	330
Non-official languages	325	150	170	385	185	195	971,455	471,755	499,700	245	100	150
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	325	150	170	385	185	195	970,710	471,495	499,220	245	100	150
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	95	60	35	217,295	113,605	103,690	45	25	20
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	45	20	25	95	60	35	205,120	107,210	97,905	45	25	20
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	45	20	25	95	60	35	188,115	98,545	89,565	45	25	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	40	20	20	30	0	25	29,140	11,470	17,675	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	20	20	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	25	10	15	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	15	0	15	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	180	105	75	195	90	110	514,485	250,190	264,295	135	50	80
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	55	45	40	20	30	50,700	23,530	27,165	30	15	15
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	100	55	45	40	20	30	50,190	23,320	26,870	30	15	15
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	55	30	25	30	15	20	29,515	13,855	15,655	20	10	15
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	10	10	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	15	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	335	380	15	0	10
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	40	25	10	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	0	15	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	55	35	25	91,140	48,390	42,750	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	30	20	10	66,760	36,130	30,625	0	0	0
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	15	0	15	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	15	10	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	25	20	10	28,090	15,325	12,765	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	10	10	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	15	15	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25	10	20	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	40	30	75	30	40	324,695	154,360	170,340	100	40	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	15	15	0	20	10	10	107,285	51,300	55,985	30	10	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	20	0	15	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	15	10	10
Spanish	45	25	20	20	10	15	193,835	91,345	102,490	55	25	40
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	30	0	30	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	10	0	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	10	0	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	68,485	31,760	36,720	75	35	40
Chinese languages	0	0	0	15	0	10	68,285	31,685	36,595	75	35	40
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	15	0	10	51,885	23,845	28,040	75	35	40
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	25	15	15	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	25	15	15	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	675	320	355	705	345	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	725	345	380
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	20	0	15
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	15	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	10	0	10
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	10	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	670	320	350	705	345	360	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	700	340	365
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	675	320	355	705	345	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	725	345	380
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	675	320	355	705	345	360	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	720	345	375
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Owner	105	...	...	115	...	...	360,125	...	...	155	...	...
Renter	150	...	...	180	...	...	550,240	...	...	185	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Condominium	15	...	...	105	...	...	192,985	...	...	150	...	...
Not condominium	245	...	...	185	...	...	717,375	...	...	195	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	20	...	...	60	...	...	267,715	...	...	55	...	...
2 bedrooms	25	...	...	115	...	...	303,875	...	...	225	...	...
3 bedrooms	170	...	...	85	...	...	220,945	...	...	45	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	45	...	...	40	...	...	98,090	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	30	...	...	165	...	...	501,570	...	...	245	...	...
5 rooms	115	...	...	40	...	...	166,230	...	...	50	...	...
6 rooms	45	...	...	35	...	...	78,495	...	...	15	...	...
7 rooms	35	...	...	30	...	...	58,850	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	30	...	...	35	...	...	105,210	...	...	25	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	4.9	...	...	4.7	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
One person or fewer per room	250	...	...	290	...	...	881,730	...	...	335	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	10	...	...	28,630	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Suitable	240	...	...	275	...	...	834,885	...	...	325	...	...
Not suitable	15	...	...	20	...	...	75,475	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
1960 or before	70	...	...	10	...	...	325,005	...	...	95	...	...
1961 to 1980	160	...	...	90	...	...	282,605	...	...	75	...	...
1981 to 1990	15	...	...	40	...	...	101,185	...	...	15	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	25	...	...	63,765	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	35	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	10	...	...	15	...	...	32,875	...	...	50	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	25	...	...	35,320	...	...	50	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	55	...	...	37,590	...	...	55	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	235	...	...	275	...	...	833,540	...	...	325	...	...
Major repairs needed	20	...	...	20	...	...	76,815	...	...	20	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
One-maintainer household	140	...	...	155	...	...	543,605	...	...	195	...	...
Two-maintainer household	110	...	...	125	...	...	333,140	...	...	140	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	0	...	...	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	10	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	20	...	...	45	...	...	162,375	...	...	95	...	...
35 to 44 years	60	...	...	60	...	...	171,535	...	...	95	...	...
45 to 54 years	50	...	...	50	...	...	155,520	...	...	60	...	...
55 to 64 years	55	...	...	60	...	...	156,865	...	...	65	...	...
65 to 74 years	35	...	...	30	...	...	122,825	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	30	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	20	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	255	...	...	300	...	...	902,485	...	...	340	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	205	...	...	215	...	...	686,075	...	...	300	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	50	...	...	80	...	...	216,410	...	...	40	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	65	...	...	189,795	...	...	40	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	255	...	...	295	...	...	910,360	...	...	340	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	115	...	...	330,635	...	...	75	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	50	...	...	80	...	...	186,350	...	...	45	...	...
Not suitable only	15	...	...	20	...	...	56,480	...	...	10	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	15	...	...	50,745	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	170	...	...	180	...	...	579,720	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	245	...	...	285	...	...	875,865	...	...	335	...	...
In core need	25	...	...	30	...	...	87,945	...	...	0	...	...
Not in core need	225	...	...	255	...	...	787,925	...	...	325	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	120	...	...	360,120	...	...	155	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	76.2	...	...	54.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	100.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	16.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,740	...	...	1,380	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,300	...	...	1,572	...	...	2,040	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	448,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	450,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	570,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	180	...	...	550,235	...	...	190	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	11.1	...	...	8.4	...	...	31.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.3	...	...	38.9	...	...	28.4	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	11.8	...	...	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	990	...	...	1,220	...	...	890	...	...	700	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	1,310	...	...	987	...	...	740	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	675	315	355	710	350	365	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	725	350	380
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	15	15	10
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	15	15	10
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	10	10	10
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540	10	0	10
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370	10	0	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	670	315	350	710	350	365	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	700	335	365
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	670	320	355	710	345	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	725	345	380
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	605	285	320	625	305	320	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	595	290	305
Canadian citizens aged under 18	185	95	95	115	65	50	322,965	164,980	157,985	155	85	70
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	415	195	220	510	240	275	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	440	210	230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	70	35	35	80	45	40	313,410	160,530	152,885	130	55	75
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	670	320	355	710	345	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	725	345	380
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	420	225	190	425	210	215	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	460	235	220
Immigrants⁸¹	230	75	155	245	120	130	652,730	313,955	338,770	230	95	140
Before 1980	35	0	25	70	35	30	108,265	50,530	57,735	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	35	10	30	25	10	20	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	25	10	10	40	20	25	106,810	50,520	56,290	45	25	20
2001 to 2010	50	10	35	70	40	25	154,780	74,520	80,255	65	30	40
2011 to 2021⁸²	95	35	60	50	15	35	213,175	104,225	108,950	120	45	80
2011 to 2015	65	30	35	35	15	30	99,070	48,005	51,065	70	20	50
2016 to 2021	25	10	20	10	0	10	114,110	56,220	57,885	50	25	30
Non-permanent residents⁸³	25	20	0	35	20	15	138,240	75,380	62,860	35	15	20
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	225	75	155	250	120	130	652,725	313,955	338,770	230	95	135
Under 5 years	15	0	10	15	10	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	25	0	25
5 to 14 years	45	10	30	65	30	35	103,285	51,965	51,320	45	30	20
15 to 24 years	45	15	25	45	20	20	118,475	53,035	65,440	20	0	10
25 to 44 years	125	40	85	110	45	65	326,320	158,620	167,700	140	60	80
45 years and over	0	0	0	15	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	10	0	10
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	225	75	155	250	120	130	652,725	313,955	338,770	230	95	135
Americas	40	0	35	25	15	10	137,955	63,465	74,485	15	0	10
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	10	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	15	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	0	0	0
Europe	35	20	15	80	35	45	158,795	76,610	82,190	70	35	35
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	430	420	10	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	10	10	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	0	0	0	15	0	10	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	10	0	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	15	0	10	21,205	10,115	11,095	30	15	15
Africa	80	20	55	65	35	25	152,205	77,515	74,690	80	30	50
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	15	10	10
Egypt	0	0	0	15	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	25	10	10	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	55	10	50	25	20	10	47,960	24,705	23,260	50	15	35
Asia	80	35	45	75	30	40	202,715	95,775	106,935	65	25	35
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	10	32,815	14,710	18,100	30	15	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	30	15	25	20	0	10	24,690	9,580	15,105	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	20	10	10	17,345	8,895	8,455	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	15	10	20	0	15	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	30	0	20	10	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	55	20	30
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	15	0	15	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	10	0	10	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	30	10	15
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	670	320	355	710	345	360	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	725	345	375
First generation¹⁰⁰	250	90	160	290	140	150	813,905	400,325	413,580	270	115	155
Second generation¹⁰¹	215	110	105	205	125	80	424,225	212,755	211,475	150	90	60
Third generation or more¹⁰²	210	120	90	215	80	135	721,230	352,590	368,630	305	145	160
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	200	70	130	180	85	100	544,455	263,425	281,040	230	95	135
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	105	45	60	85	35	50	303,105	155,090	148,020	155	60	95
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	60	20	40	30	20	15	151,015	87,200	63,815	55	35	20
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	45	25	20	50	15	35	152,090	67,890	84,205	100	25	75
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	75	25	50	70	30	40	146,645	59,645	87,000	35	10	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	15	0	15	30	20	10	85,165	44,145	41,025	40	20	15
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	200	70	130	180	85	100	544,455	263,425	281,040	230	95	135
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	0	20	10	10	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	25	15	10
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	20	0	15	10	10	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	10	0	10
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	10	0	0	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	20	10	10
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	135	55	80	155	65	95	387,815	184,015	203,795	175	65	105
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	675	320	355	705	345	360	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	725	345	380
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	385	160	220	325	185	140	737,510	363,785	373,725	230	115	120
South Asian	35	25	10	30	20	10	91,370	48,660	42,710	0	0	0
Chinese	0	0	0	20	0	10	69,985	32,190	37,795	70	30	40
Black	210	70	140	85	50	35	208,805	101,125	107,680	130	60	70
Filipino	50	30	20	35	10	25	33,365	14,085	19,275	0	0	0
Arab	45	15	25	80	45	30	151,890	79,375	72,515	15	0	10
Latin American	15	0	10	0	0	0	82,550	40,580	41,970	10	0	0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	50	30	15	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	15	15	0	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	290	155	135	385	165	220	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	495	235	260
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	670	320	355	710	345	365	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	725	345	380
Canadian	60	30	25	90	35	60	241,015	115,880	125,135	110	60	50
English	10	0	0	45	15	30	59,710	30,025	29,685	50	25	25
Irish	20	10	10	65	15	45	102,325	48,885	53,440	75	40	40
Scottish	0	0	0	35	10	25	61,620	29,560	32,065	25	10	15
French, n.o.s.¹²²	30	20	15	50	15	35	336,880	169,710	167,170	160	80	75
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	20	0	10	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	55	25	30
Italian	30	15	20	40	20	20	156,025	76,485	79,535	55	40	20
Indian (India)	0	0	0	25	20	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	0	0	0
Ukrainian	50	40	15	35	10	20	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	25	10	15	35	0	35	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	30	10	20	15	15	0	108,910	54,650	54,260	15	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	45	25	20	35	15	25	32,035	13,555	18,475	0	0	0
French Canadian	0	0	0	45	10	30	66,400	31,740	34,655	25	15	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	10	0	0	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	10	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	30	15	15	35	15	25	28,610	13,415	15,195	20	0	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	20	0	15	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	20	0	15
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	15	20	55	35	20	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	0	0	0	10	10	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	50	35	15	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	20	0	15	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	20	20	0	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	25	15	10
Iranian	0	0	0	25	10	15	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	10	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	10	0	0	30	10	20	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	10	0	10
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	15	0	10	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	10	10	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	20	15	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	20	15	10	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	15	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	30	20	15
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	20	15	10	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	30	10	20	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	15	0	15
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	675	320	355	705	345	360	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	725	345	380
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	425	200	220	400	170	220	969,945	451,410	518,540	355	160	190
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	115	60	55	20	10	15	116,635	55,545	61,090	15	15	0
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	10	0	10	10	0	10	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	200	100	100	260	125	135	675,695	314,690	361,010	205	105	110
Christian Orthodox	35	25	10	65	25	40	68,635	32,680	35,950	30	10	20
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	20	0	15	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	20	30	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	15	0	15
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	15	0	15	20	0	10	41,965	19,030	22,935	70	30	40
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	0	0	0
Jewish	0	0	0	20	0	15	73,900	36,055	37,840	0	0	0
Muslim	90	40	50	145	80	65	233,440	121,145	112,290	30	0	20
Sikh	0	0	0	10	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	15	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	145	70	80	120	70	45	590,140	310,985	279,165	340	175	165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	665	310	355	705	345	365	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	715	340	375
Non-movers	625	280	345	610	290	320	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	640	300	340
Movers	40	30	10	95	55	40	255,365	129,500	125,865	75	45	30
Non-migrants	35	25	10	85	55	35	186,805	94,745	92,055	65	35	25
Migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	15	10	0
Internal migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	10	10	0	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	10	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	615	280	335	685	330	360	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	655	310	345
Non-movers	360	170	195	370	180	185	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	295	135	155
Movers	255	115	140	320	150	170	821,475	413,250	408,230	360	175	185
Non-migrants	170	65	105	170	85	80	433,700	216,030	217,670	280	135	140
Migrants	85	45	40	150	65	85	387,770	197,215	190,560	85	40	50
Internal migrants	55	25	30	110	50	60	190,035	93,955	96,075	35	20	15
Intraprovincial migrants	55	25	30	100	40	60	159,710	78,770	80,940	35	20	15
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	10	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	30	20	10	40	20	20	197,735	103,260	94,485	45	20	25
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	230	270	600	280	320	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	575	275	300
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	55	30	25	120	65	55	274,820	136,500	138,320	105	60	50
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	445	200	240	475	220	260	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	470	220	255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	325	150	175	405	195	215	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	510	235	270
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	10	15	60	35	20	121,295	65,950	55,345	55	25	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	305	145	160	350	160	190	975,700	481,690	494,005	455	210	240
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	500	235	265	595	280	320	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	580	275	300
No certificate, diploma or degree	45	25	20	125	65	60	247,460	120,840	126,625	90	50	40
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	145	55	90	160	75	80	319,755	162,520	157,240	85	35	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	310	155	160	320	140	180	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	405	190	210
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	160	90	70	175	65	110	473,060	232,855	240,210	170	75	100
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	45	25	15	20	15	0	146,170	81,740	64,425	55	25	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	15	10	10	10	0	106,110	54,025	52,085	40	15	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	10	0	10	0	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	15	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	40	35	100	30	65	260,845	122,345	138,495	85	30	55
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	15	20	50	15	35	66,045	28,760	37,285	30	15	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	150	70	85	145	70	70	609,855	291,355	318,505	230	115	115
Bachelor's degree	120	55	65	110	50	55	344,605	160,320	184,285	120	60	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	10	0	0	0	0	0	58,945	27,280	31,665	20	10	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	15	0	15	30	20	10	159,510	78,325	81,190	85	50	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	320	155	170	410	195	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	505	235	275
No certificate, diploma or degree	0	0	0	60	40	20	102,815	55,805	47,015	40	20	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	80	40	40	110	55	50	162,205	88,420	73,785	80	30	50
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	240	110	125	245	100	140	831,975	403,420	428,555	385	185	200
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	110	50	60	130	50	85	333,160	167,260	165,895	160	70	85
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	20	15	15	15	0	110,390	60,690	49,700	50	25	30
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	20	10	15	15	0	81,090	40,585	40,505	40	20	25
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10	0	0	0	0	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	10	10	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	40	15	20	75	30	50	174,185	84,745	89,445	85	30	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	10	25	40	10	35	48,580	21,830	26,755	25	20	10
Bachelor's degree or higher	125	55	70	110	50	55	498,815	236,155	262,665	225	110	110
Bachelor's degree	105	55	50	95	50	50	276,640	128,890	147,745	115	55	60
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	20	10	15
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150	10	0	10
Master's degree	15	0	10	10	0	0	137,150	66,720	70,430	80	50	35
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	500	235	265	595	280	315	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	580	275	305
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	185	80	105	280	145	135	567,220	283,355	283,860	175	85	90
Education	20	0	20	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
13. Education	20	0	20	0	0	0	56,030	12,985	43,045	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	25	0	20	69,210	32,705	36,505	35	25	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	0	20	61,135	27,085	34,045	35	25	15
Humanities	10	10	10	35	15	25	78,920	30,815	48,110	20	0	20
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	10	0	10	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	10	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	30	15	55	15	50	157,220	58,185	99,040	80	20	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495	15	10	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	10	0	10	28,365	11,670	16,690	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	30	15	10	35	15	25	59,300	29,185	30,110	40	15	30
Business, management and public administration	80	30	55	80	30	50	248,895	110,950	137,945	110	50	55
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	40	75	30	45	237,125	108,040	129,090	105	50	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	35	25	10	15	0	10	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	25	20	0	15	0	10	53,075	39,595	13,480	15	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	40	10	65	55	10	173,380	143,615	29,765	65	60	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	40	35	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	25	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	10	10	10	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	15	15	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	40	15	25	30	10	25	122,295	30,795	91,495	20	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	10	25	30	10	25	109,185	24,140	85,045	20	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	15	0	0	0	42,230	22,590	19,640	25	15	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	26,800	9,745	17,060	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	325	150	175	410	200	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	505	235	270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	90	45	45	165	95	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	120	50	70
Education	20	0	15	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
13. Education	20	0	15	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545	10	0	10
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	25	0	20	54,840	26,500	28,340	35	25	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	25	0	20	48,205	21,870	26,335	35	25	10
Humanities	0	0	0	15	0	15	52,565	20,765	31,805	10	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	20	15	50	15	35	121,985	44,105	77,880	75	15	60
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	10	0	0	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245	10	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	10
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	10	0	10	22,425	8,630	13,785	10	0	10
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	20	15	10	30	15	15	44,580	21,945	22,635	40	15	30
Business, management and public administration	65	20	45	60	20	45	199,525	87,920	111,600	110	50	60
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	50	20	30	55	20	40	190,410	85,600	104,810	105	50	50
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	15	10	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	20	15	0	15	0	10	53,860	38,275	15,590	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	15	0	0	15	0	10	45,135	33,805	11,335	20	10	0
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	30	10	45	35	10	137,395	112,025	25,370	65	55	10
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	10	10	0	35	25	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	25	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	15	10	10	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835	15	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	10	10	0
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	30	10	20	25	10	10	92,595	23,265	69,330	20	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	25	10	10	82,410	18,370	64,045	15	0	10
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	0	15	0	0	0	32,910	17,695	15,220	25	15	15
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	10	0	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220	15	0	15
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	15	15	0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	325	150	175	410	200	210	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	505	235	270
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	90	45	45	165	95	70	265,025	144,230	120,800	120	50	70
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	235	105	125	240	100	140	831,975	403,415	428,560	385	185	200
Location of study inside Canada	150	65	85	175	65	115	598,455	286,340	312,115	300	145	155
Same as province or territory of residence	150	65	85	165	60	105	566,540	270,160	296,380	295	145	155
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	10	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	85	45	40	65	35	30	233,520	117,075	116,445	90	40	45
Americas	10	0	0	10	0	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	0	0
United States of America	10	0	0	10	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	15	0	10	10	10	10	74,705	39,515	35,190	45	25	20
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	20	10	10
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	25	10	15	20	10	10	50,645	26,790	23,860	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	10	10	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	40	20	10	25	15	10	65,125	28,945	36,180	25	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	10	0	10
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	15	0	10	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	500	235	265	595	280	320	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	580	275	300
In the labour force	340	180	160	360	190	170	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	425	210	215
Employed	305	170	140	330	170	160	971,245	502,885	468,360	395	190	210
Unemployed	40	10	25	30	15	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	25	20	10
Not in the labour force	160	60	100	235	90	145	568,495	246,215	322,280	155	65	90
Participation rate	68.0	76.6	60.4	60.5	67.9	53.1	65.5	69.5	61.8	73.3	76.4	71.7
Employment rate	61.0	72.3	52.8	55.5	60.7	50.0	58.9	62.3	55.6	68.1	69.1	70.0
Unemployment rate	11.8	5.6	15.6	8.3	7.9	5.9	10.2	10.4	10.0	5.9	9.5	4.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	500	235	265	595	280	315	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	580	275	305
Did not work¹⁸⁶	145	50	95	280	110	170	582,470	253,075	329,400	150	70	80
Worked	355	185	170	315	170	145	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	430	205	220
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	180	90	90	155	85	65	529,400	287,950	241,450	255	125	125
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	175	95	80	165	85	85	538,265	266,540	271,725	170	80	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	39.8	42.2	39.6	40.6	38.8	39.7	40.2	39.3	42.2	42.6	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	345	175	165	360	190	170	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	420	210	215
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	335	175	165	345	180	165	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	200	210
Employee	295	145	150	310	160	150	907,745	457,830	449,915	375	180	190
Permanent position	250	125	125	275	140	135	741,830	380,445	361,385	335	160	180
Temporary position	45	25	25	40	15	25	165,915	77,385	88,530	35	25	15
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	10	10	20	10	10	69,690	31,285	38,405	25	15	10
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	30	15	10	25	10	10	96,225	46,100	50,120	15	0	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	40	25	10	30	20	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	35	25	15
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	345	175	165	360	190	170	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	420	210	215
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	335	175	165	345	180	165	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	200	210
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	15	10	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	70	20	50	85	35	55	207,660	79,975	127,685	100	45	55
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	50	40	10	30	20	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	10	10	0
3 Health occupations	35	10	25	25	0	20	85,545	21,700	63,845	20	10	15
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	0	20	20	10	10	140,500	46,385	94,115	65	20	50
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	10	10	0	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	25	20	0
6 Sales and service occupations	85	35	50	100	45	60	263,055	135,300	127,750	110	35	70
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	60	60	0	50	50	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	55	50	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	0	0	0	10	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	15	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	345	175	165	360	190	170	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	420	210	215
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	15	10	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	335	175	165	345	180	165	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	410	200	210
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	10	10	0
23 Construction	15	15	0	15	10	10	37,460	31,570	5,890	15	15	0
31-33 Manufacturing	40	30	10	30	20	15	86,535	58,295	28,235	25	15	10
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	45	40	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	25	20	10
44-45 Retail trade	40	20	20	45	15	30	111,555	56,180	55,375	40	20	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	25	25	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	15	10	0
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865	15	10	0
52 Finance and insurance	30	0	30	20	10	10	53,430	27,205	26,225	30	10	20
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	10	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	35	20	15	30	15	10	130,405	75,750	54,655	65	40	30
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	0	15	15	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	20	15	10
61 Educational services	25	10	15	10	0	0	95,290	34,510	60,780	15	10	10
62 Health care and social assistance	65	10	55	45	10	30	142,545	36,095	106,450	45	0	45
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	10	10	0
72 Accommodation and food services	20	10	15	30	10	15	59,510	32,125	27,380	30	15	15
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	20	10	10	43,990	17,935	26,050	10	0	10
91 Public administration	15	0	10	25	10	15	42,120	20,455	21,665	25	0	15
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	380	195	185	365	190	175	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	455	220	240
English	110	55	55	110	60	50	201,310	110,165	91,150	55	30	30
French	100	50	55	35	15	20	416,430	206,170	210,265	160	70	90
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	155	90	70	190	90	100	473,485	249,700	223,785	225	110	120
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	15	0	10	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	380	195	185	365	190	175	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	455	220	240
Single responses	355	180	175	310	160	140	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	390	190	200
Official languages	355	180	175	300	160	140	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	385	185	200
English	205	115	90	190	105	85	361,715	194,885	166,835	115	60	55
French	150	70	80	110	55	60	645,885	327,180	318,705	265	125	145
Non-official languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	15	10	60	30	30	126,180	65,940	60,240	65	30	40
English and French	20	15	10	50	25	30	116,535	60,925	55,605	65	30	40
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	380	195	185	365	190	175	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	455	220	240
None	225	115	110	210	115	95	743,180	381,875	361,305	280	125	155
English	50	25	25	75	40	35	219,885	116,455	103,430	110	55	50
French	90	55	40	70	30	40	149,470	78,495	70,975	60	30	30
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	310	165	140	330	170	160	971,245	502,885	468,360	395	190	205
Worked at home	85	45	40	95	65	30	298,820	151,335	147,485	125	55	65
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	30	20	10	40	25	15	89,120	62,795	26,325	50	35	20
Usual place of work	195	100	95	190	80	115	580,035	286,695	293,340	220	100	125
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	195	100	95	195	80	110	580,035	286,695	293,340	225	100	125
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	135	70	70	110	45	70	427,475	202,010	225,465	200	75	125
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	25	15	70	30	45	91,735	47,670	44,070	10	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	15	0	10	0	0	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	15	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	225	125	105	235	105	130	669,150	349,485	319,665	270	135	140
Car, truck or van	170	95	80	190	80	105	395,615	229,315	166,300	140	75	70
Car, truck or van - as a driver	165	85	80	165	75	90	365,770	218,475	147,295	135	70	65
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	20	0	15	29,845	10,845	19,005	10	0	0
Public transit	30	15	20	50	25	25	177,860	74,605	103,260	75	35	40
Walked	15	0	0	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	30	10	25
Bicycle	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	10	10	10
Other method	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	225	125	105	235	105	130	669,150	349,485	319,665	270	135	140
Less than 15 minutes	40	35	10	35	0	30	125,240	61,185	64,055	70	25	45
15 to 29 minutes	95	55	40	90	45	45	241,005	129,590	111,420	85	55	30
30 to 44 minutes	20	0	10	60	30	30	176,925	96,710	80,215	60	35	30
45 to 59 minutes	30	10	15	15	10	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	20	10	20
60 minutes and over	45	15	25	35	15	15	58,350	28,905	29,445	30	15	15
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	225	125	105	235	105	130	669,150	349,485	319,665	270	135	140
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	15	0	10	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	35	30	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	30	15	20	15	0	95,270	56,280	38,990	15	10	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	50	25	25	65	30	35	166,695	79,410	87,280	85	35	55
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	50	15	35	40	10	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	65	20	45
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	0	15	40	20	15	106,855	50,615	56,240	45	30	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50	35	10	70	30	40	112,350	65,830	46,520	30	10	20
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	125	70	55	160	80	80	371,310	189,920	181,390	155	80	75
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	50	35	15	65	35	35	109,065	56,315	52,750	35	20	20
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	75	35	40	90	45	45	262,245	133,605	128,640	120	60	60
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	90	50	45	120	55	65	264,905	135,505	129,395	90	50	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	35	25	10	55	25	35	82,880	42,755	40,130	20	10	5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	20	10	50	25	30	67,535	34,945	32,590	20	10	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	0	5	5	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	0	0	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	25	35	60	25	30	182,020	92,755	89,270	75	40	35

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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