Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660334More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove
	Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	630	...	...	2,004,265	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	251	...	...	976,966	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	237	...	...	910,359	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	16,890.1	...	...	4,022.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	498.29	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	630	320	310	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465
0 to 14 years	150	75	70	309,765	158,545	151,225
0 to 4 years	45	20	20	99,195	50,760	48,435
5 to 9 years	55	30	25	106,985	54,660	52,320
10 to 14 years	40	25	20	103,590	53,120	50,470
15 to 64 years	410	205	205	1,343,170	674,055	669,120
15 to 19 years	25	10	15	97,525	49,340	48,180
20 to 24 years	40	20	25	140,025	70,895	69,125
25 to 29 years	55	30	25	165,525	83,630	81,895
30 to 34 years	45	25	20	157,725	78,995	78,730
35 to 39 years	40	15	25	149,265	74,115	75,155
40 to 44 years	60	35	25	142,365	70,920	71,445
45 to 49 years	30	20	15	125,505	62,690	62,815
50 to 54 years	35	25	15	121,710	61,735	59,975
55 to 59 years	50	25	25	125,465	63,810	61,655
60 to 64 years	30	10	15	118,065	57,920	60,140
65 years and over	75	40	35	351,325	151,210	200,120
65 to 69 years	30	15	15	99,325	46,730	52,595
70 to 74 years	25	15	10	86,030	39,185	46,845
75 to 79 years	10	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895
80 to 84 years	5	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915
85 years and over	10	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870
85 to 89 years	10	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210
100 years and over	0	0	0	610	125	480
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	23.8	23.4	22.6	15.5	16.1	14.8
15 to 64 years	65.1	64.1	66.1	67.0	68.5	65.6
65 years and over	11.9	12.5	11.3	17.5	15.4	19.6
85 years and over	1.6	0.0	1.6	2.8	1.9	3.6
Average age of the population	36.3	36.8	35.6	41.0	39.8	42.1
Median age of the population	35.6	37.2	33.6	39.6	38.4	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	100,615	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	32,530	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	34,075	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15	...	...	110,440	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	225	...	...	479,885	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	148,935	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	3,450	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	430	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	240	...	...	910,355	...	...
1 person	75	...	...	367,400	...	...
2 persons	45	...	...	271,730	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	118,205	...	...
4 persons	45	...	...	98,205	...	...
5 or more persons	30	...	...	54,820	...	...
Number of persons in private households	630	320	310	1,959,355	965,630	993,730
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	485	245	240	1,694,500	825,260	869,235
Married or living common-law	240	125	115	822,440	414,330	408,115
Married	195	105	95	577,060	289,455	287,600
Living common-law	40	20	20	245,385	124,870	120,510
Living common law - Never married	35	20	20	207,040	104,785	102,250
Living common law - Separated	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355
Living common law - Divorced	5	5	5	32,295	16,915	15,380
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520
Not married and not living common-law	245	120	125	872,060	410,935	461,125
Not married and not living common law - Never married	175	95	80	627,845	333,150	294,700
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	35	15	25	126,605	46,380	80,225
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	5	15	82,815	16,590	66,225
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	155	...	...	495,445	...	...
2 persons	50	...	...	251,075	...	...
3 persons	45	...	...	107,265	...	...
4 persons	40	...	...	93,300	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	43,810	...	...
Average size of census families	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	155	...	...	495,445	...	...
Total couple families	105	...	...	395,645	...	...
Married couples	85	...	...	273,070	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	162,745	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	110,325	...	...
Common-law couples	25	...	...	122,570	...	...
With children⁶	15	...	...	44,875	...	...
Without children	10	...	...	77,700	...	...
Total one-parent families	45	...	...	99,805	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40	...	...	80,530	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	19,275	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	630	320	310	1,959,355	965,630	993,730
Total - Persons in census families	495	240	255	1,432,990	702,710	730,275
Married spouses or common-law partners	215	105	105	791,280	398,495	392,785
Parents in one-parent families	50	10	35	99,805	19,275	80,525
Children⁶	230	115	110	541,905	284,935	256,965
In a two-parent family	145	75	75	392,250	205,155	187,095
In a one-parent family	85	45	40	149,655	79,785	69,865
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	140	85	55	526,370	262,915	263,450
Living alone	75	45	30	367,395	175,660	191,740
Living with other relatives⁷	25	10	15	49,280	22,020	27,255
Living with non-relatives only	40	30	10	109,690	65,235	44,455
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	235	...	...	910,360	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	120	...	...	455,970	...	...
Couple-family households	85	...	...	370,250	...	...
With children⁶	65	...	...	194,165	...	...
Without children	20	...	...	176,085	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	85,720	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	13,270	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	1,960	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	16,550	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	55,210	...	...
One-person households	75	...	...	367,395	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	485	245	240	1,650,115	807,375	842,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	460	230	225	1,585,095	775,175	809,920
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	32,800	29,200	37,600	39,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	460	230	225	1,585,510	775,375	810,135
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,400	29,400	28,000	34,000	35,200	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	370	195	180	1,400,285	695,300	704,985
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	20,400	29,600	13,300	31,000	35,200	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	165	145	1,155,055	594,975	560,080
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	32,000	17,400	32,800	36,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	435	220	215	1,324,675	616,720	707,960
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,300	8,900	14,100	10,800	9,600	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65	35	35	171,705	84,570	87,145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	4,840	5,160	4,600	5,520	5,480	5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	95	85	529,640	276,110	253,530
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	495	250	240	1,650,130	807,560	842,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	250	220	1,585,295	775,790	809,505
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,000	35,600	29,800	53,250	60,050	46,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	470	250	220	1,585,735	776,005	809,740
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	31,800	27,600	42,520	46,280	38,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	200	175	1,399,405	695,445	703,960
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,100	32,400	20,800	48,960	57,350	40,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	320	175	150	1,155,055	595,500	559,555
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,700	35,200	22,800	48,760	55,650	41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	430	225	205	1,323,550	616,015	707,535
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	10,800	14,600	12,040	10,900	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50	30	20	171,360	84,435	86,925
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,000	6,000	3,200	6,840	6,065	7,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	190	110	85	528,305	276,300	252,005
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	9,400	8,600	9,110	9,140	9,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	490	250	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	130	80	45	514,340	278,505	235,830
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	43,200	47,200	43,200	60,000	63,600	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	45,000	48,000	40,000	78,700	88,300	67,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	110	50	65	504,455	247,565	256,895
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	21,600	16,600	16,400	17,400	15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	26,000	16,000	26,920	29,400	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	65.0	73.0	55.0	81.2	85.6	75.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.2	69.0	50.0	66.8	71.0	61.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	34.8	27.2	45.0	18.9	14.4	24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	2.0	1.0	1.4	1.1	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	12.7	12.4	13.0	6.4	5.9	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	11.2	11.2	10.8	5.7	5.4	6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	485	245	240	1,650,115	807,380	842,740
Without total income	20	10	15	65,020	32,205	32,820
With total income	460	235	225	1,585,095	775,175	809,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	30	138,250	65,670	72,580
$10,000 to $19,999	80	35	40	200,450	93,060	107,390
$20,000 to $29,999	90	45	45	286,825	131,235	155,595
$30,000 to $39,999	90	50	40	215,455	102,705	112,755
$40,000 to $49,999	75	40	30	181,505	86,460	95,040
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	138,185	64,805	73,380
$60,000 to $69,999	10	5	10	100,060	48,510	51,550
$70,000 to $79,999	15	5	10	74,165	37,625	36,540
$80,000 to $89,999	5	0	0	58,400	30,060	28,335
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	42,240	22,360	19,875
$100,000 and over	5	0	0	149,555	92,680	56,875
$100,000 to $149,999	5	0	0	90,980	53,275	37,705
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	58,575	39,405	19,170
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	485	245	240	1,650,115	807,380	842,740
Without after-tax income	20	10	15	64,605	32,005	32,605
With after-tax income	460	235	225	1,585,510	775,375	810,135
Under $10,000 (including loss)	50	25	30	144,275	67,955	76,320
$10,000 to $19,999	85	40	45	210,975	98,495	112,480
$20,000 to $29,999	110	55	55	334,395	155,845	178,545
$30,000 to $39,999	100	60	45	257,145	124,835	132,315
$40,000 to $49,999	65	35	30	204,980	97,805	107,175
$50,000 to $59,999	15	10	5	139,760	67,315	72,450
$60,000 to $69,999	20	5	10	93,705	46,700	47,005
$70,000 to $79,999	5	0	5	61,765	31,815	29,945
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	38,975	21,640	17,335
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	73,695	48,025	25,665
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	33,165	20,265	12,905
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	485	245	240	1,650,115	807,380	842,740
Without employment income	175	75	95	495,060	212,405	282,660
With employment income	315	165	145	1,155,055	594,980	560,080
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	15	35	167,560	82,405	85,155
$5,000 to $9,999	30	15	20	111,575	52,975	58,595
$10,000 to $19,999	55	30	30	151,350	72,815	78,530
$20,000 to $29,999	40	20	20	116,030	56,295	59,730
$30,000 to $39,999	60	35	20	108,120	55,225	52,890
$40,000 to $49,999	35	25	15	104,250	51,950	52,300
$50,000 to $59,999	20	15	5	84,485	42,940	41,540
$60,000 to $69,999	5	5	0	66,190	35,045	31,145
$70,000 to $79,999	5	5	0	52,585	28,500	24,080
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	46,000	24,150	21,850
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	31,345	18,120	13,230
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	115,575	74,545	41,030
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	47,525	28,870	18,655
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	68,050	45,675	22,375
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	485	245	240	1,650,115	807,375	842,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	230	215	1,538,580	750,495	788,085
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,600	27,000	24,800	34,000	36,400	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	230	215	1,539,035	750,625	788,405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	25,000	25,400	24,400	31,000	32,800	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	350	185	160	1,366,580	678,230	688,350
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	24,000	29,000	18,800	32,000	36,000	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	300	170	135	1,133,505	583,045	550,460
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,200	30,200	22,400	33,600	36,800	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	410	205	205	1,199,280	547,540	651,735
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	2,720	9,300	4,440	2,760	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35	20	20	114,940	56,080	58,855
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,160	4,160	x	5,120	4,600	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	495	250	240	1,650,130	807,560	842,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	465	245	220	1,538,450	750,620	787,830
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,900	33,200	26,000	50,000	57,050	43,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	465	245	220	1,538,920	750,780	788,145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	29,400	24,400	39,800	43,800	35,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	380	210	170	1,365,190	677,795	687,395
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,900	33,200	21,600	49,080	57,750	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	325	180	145	1,132,415	582,685	549,730
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	37,200	24,800	48,720	55,750	41,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	395	210	175	1,198,940	547,060	651,880
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,240	6,080	10,800	8,250	6,740	9,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20	20	0	114,595	55,675	58,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,200	6,000	...	7,510	5,990	8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	490	250	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	125	80	45	507,645	274,575	233,070
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	36,800	45,200	35,600	54,400	58,400	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	48,000	54,000	36,000	72,500	82,100	61,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	95	45	55	462,020	227,495	234,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,400	34,000	19,800	21,800	23,200	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	28,000	22,000	32,320	35,520	29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	77.0	84.0	66.0	87.2	91.4	81.8
Employment income (%)	73.5	80.0	62.0	71.8	75.8	66.6
Government transfers (%)	23.2	15.8	34.0	12.8	8.6	18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	1.2	x	1.1	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	240	...	...	910,355	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	56,800	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	50,800	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	75	...	...	367,395	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,400	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	160	...	...	542,960	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	74,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	90	...	...	367,255	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,800	...	...	49,760	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,000	...	...	40,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	543,100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	96,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	240	...	...	910,355	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	18,165	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,335	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,665	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	25,730	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	57,720	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	5	...	...	41,160	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	40,595	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	20	...	...	41,545	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	42,630	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	40,980	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	75,485	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	67,695	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	60,495	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	54,055	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	45,830	...	...
$100,000 and over	35	...	...	270,265	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	85,635	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	5	...	...	56,205	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10	...	...	62,095	...	...
$200,000 and over	0	...	...	66,335	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	240	...	...	910,355	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	19,710	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	10,575	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	10	...	...	17,965	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	27,485	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	63,030	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	49,660	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	48,815	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	51,055	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15	...	...	50,890	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	47,120	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30	...	...	85,490	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	20	...	...	75,625	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	65,530	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	10	...	...	54,850	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	45,065	...	...
$100,000 and over	25	...	...	197,490	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15	...	...	78,870	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	45,905	...	...
$150,000 and over	5	...	...	72,715	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	150	...	...	501,830	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.5	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	179,195	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	80	...	...	208,260	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	40	...	...	95,875	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	3.2	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	115	70	40	477,085	240,895	236,195
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	31,600	28,000	34,400	34,800	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	28,600	26,000	31,200	31,200	31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	140	...	...	501,905	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	98,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	0	...	...	179,455	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	...	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	x	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	65	...	...	208,375	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	157,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	122,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	95,455	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	78,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	67,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	115	80	40	476,520	240,280	236,245
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,200	29,200	28,000	45,520	46,520	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	26,400	26,400	28,000	37,600	37,920	37,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	630	320	310	1,959,355	965,630	993,725
0 to 17 years	165	85	80	365,020	186,710	178,315
0 to 5 years	60	35	30	120,615	61,615	58,995
18 to 64 years	390	195	195	1,276,910	638,650	638,260
65 years and over	75	40	35	317,425	140,270	177,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	145	65	80	321,885	154,370	167,510
0 to 17 years	50	20	25	54,265	27,870	26,395
0 to 5 years	15	10	5	18,760	9,545	9,215
18 to 64 years	80	35	45	197,020	99,310	97,710
65 years and over	15	10	10	70,600	27,185	43,415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	23.2	21.0	25.0	16.4	16.0	16.9
0 to 17 years (%)	29.0	26.0	32.0	14.9	14.9	14.8
0 to 5 years (%)	28.0	36.0	20.0	15.6	15.5	15.6
18 to 64 years (%)	20.8	19.0	22.0	15.4	15.6	15.3
65 years and over (%)	24.0	16.0	28.0	22.2	19.4	24.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	630	320	310	1,959,355	965,625	993,730
0 to 17 years	165	85	80	365,025	186,705	178,315
0 to 5 years	60	30	25	120,610	61,615	58,995
18 to 64 years	395	200	195	1,276,910	638,655	638,260
65 years and over	70	40	35	317,425	140,265	177,155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	120	65	60	213,720	108,905	104,815
0 to 17 years	40	20	20	29,585	15,165	14,425
0 to 5 years	15	15	0	9,970	5,080	4,890
18 to 64 years	70	35	30	153,385	81,765	71,620
65 years and over	10	5	10	30,745	11,975	18,775
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	19.2	19.0	19.0	10.9	11.3	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	24.0	24.0	24.0	8.1	8.1	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	24.0	36.0	x	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years (%)	17.5	18.0	17.0	12.0	12.8	11.2
65 years and over (%)	16.0	12.0	20.0	9.7	8.5	10.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	630	320	310	1,959,355	965,630	993,730
In bottom half of the distribution	515	255	255	1,196,770	581,490	615,280
In bottom decile	150	75	75	298,540	147,890	150,655
In second decile	105	45	55	244,435	115,985	128,450
In third decile	115	55	60	240,895	116,550	124,345
In fourth decile	110	65	40	218,125	105,885	112,240
In fifth decile	35	15	20	194,765	95,185	99,580
In top half of the distribution	115	60	55	762,590	384,140	378,450
In sixth decile	25	10	10	172,200	85,100	87,095
In seventh decile	45	25	25	156,540	78,290	78,250
In eighth decile	40	25	20	144,120	72,600	71,525
In ninth decile	0	0	0	134,265	68,285	65,980
In top decile	0	0	0	155,465	79,870	75,595
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	630	...	...	1,959,355	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.282	...	...	0.398	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.482	...	...	0.531	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.257	...	...	0.335	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	630	320	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
English only	40	30	10	262,290	133,690	128,600
French only	310	150	160	486,845	221,005	265,840
English and French	240	125	110	1,185,020	600,985	584,040
Neither English nor French	45	15	25	45,860	18,340	27,520
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	630	320	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
English	80	50	30	605,220	303,380	301,835
French	445	220	220	1,156,585	564,525	592,065
English and French	60	35	30	173,785	88,480	85,300
Neither English nor French	45	15	25	44,430	17,640	26,790
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	630	320	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
Single responses	575	295	285	1,836,570	902,045	934,520
Official languages	245	115	125	1,193,295	590,520	602,775
English	30	10	15	322,315	162,085	160,230
French	215	105	110	870,975	428,435	442,540
Non-official languages	330	175	160	643,275	311,525	331,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	455	155	305
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	225	80	140
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	190	70	125
Atikamekw	0	0	0	25	5	20
Cree languages	0	0	0	125	50	75
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	50	25	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5	0	5
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	20	40
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	35	10	20
Naskapi	0	0	0	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10	0	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	15	10	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	5	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	185	45	145
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	185	45	140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	35	20	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	35	20	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330	175	160	642,820	311,370	331,445
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	30	20	129,195	68,395	60,805
Berber languages	20	10	5	15,675	8,420	7,250
Kabyle	20	10	5	14,510	7,750	6,760
Tamazight	0	0	0	1,005	580	425
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	155	90	70
Chadic languages	0	0	0	360	190	170
Hausa	0	0	0	185	105	75
Mina	0	0	0	175	85	95
Coptic	0	0	0	190	100	85
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	780	365	410
Bilen	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	750	350	400
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Semitic languages	30	15	15	112,200	59,320	52,880
Amharic	0	0	0	565	265	300
Arabic	30	15	10	107,605	56,960	50,645
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	135	60	75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	50	20	30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	35	40
Harari	0	0	0	5	5	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495
Maltese	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	710	360	345
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	24,640	11,340	13,300
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	15	10	4,695	2,135	2,560
Vietnamese	10	5	5	19,905	9,185	10,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330
Bikol	0	0	0	115	50	70
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	350	140	210
Cebuano	0	0	0	765	295	470
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	475	170	305
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130
Indonesian	0	0	0	450	185	265
Kankanaey	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	25	10	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	435	195	235
Merina	0	0	0	290	125	165
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	150	70	75
Malay	0	0	0	50	20	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	195	85	110
Pangasinan	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	45	20	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	240	115	130
Creole languages	70	30	35	37,690	16,985	20,705
Haitian Creole	60	30	35	27,565	12,185	15,375
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	15	10	10
Krio	0	0	0	10	10	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	1,070	525	545
Sango	0	0	0	50	30	20
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	8,705	4,110	4,595
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	275	125	150
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	13,620	7,090	6,525
Kannada	0	0	0	285	170	115
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,470	780	685
Tamil	15	5	10	10,370	5,155	5,215
Telugu	0	0	0	1,465	975	485
Tulu	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	10
Georgian	0	0	0	125	60	70
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	105	55	50	329,415	158,980	170,435
Albanian	0	0	0	1,935	955	975
Armenian	0	0	0	6,520	3,105	3,420
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835
Baltic languages	0	0	0	430	160	275
Latvian	0	0	0	150	60	85
Lithuanian	0	0	0	285	95	185
Slavic languages	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555
Belarusian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Bulgarian	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950
Czech	0	0	0	750	340	415
Macedonian	0	0	0	115	50	60
Polish	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300
Russian	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935
Rusyn	0	0	0	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615
Bosnian	0	0	0	385	185	200
Croatian	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Serbian	0	0	0	1,570	765	800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	35	45
Slovak	0	0	0	495	190	305
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	315	130	180
Ukrainian	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0	50	40	20
Irish	0	0	0	15	10	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	10	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	20	10	10
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,215	6,910	7,305
Frisian	0	0	0	5	5	0
High German languages	0	0	0	12,245	5,930	6,315
German	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	310	160	145
Yiddish	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	1,265	635	635
Afrikaans	0	0	0	90	50	45
Dutch	0	0	0	1,065	545	520
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	5	0	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	100	40	65
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	655	320	330
Danish	0	0	0	190	85	105
Icelandic	0	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	0	0	0	110	60	55
Swedish	0	0	0	305	155	150
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	30
Greek	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955
Indo-Iranian languages	15	5	10	68,600	36,145	32,455
Indo-Aryan languages	15	5	10	48,035	25,870	22,165
Assamese	0	0	0	20	10	10
Bengali	10	5	5	10,220	5,260	4,960
Gujarati	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840
Hindi	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800
Kacchi	0	0	0	120	55	65
Kashmiri	0	0	0	30	20	10
Konkani	0	0	0	65	35	30
Marathi	0	0	0	400	225	175
Nepali	0	0	0	370	190	175
Oriya languages	0	0	0	45	25	25
Odia	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	10	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	75	40	30
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	475	245	230
Urdu	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	195	110	85
Iranian languages	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275
Baluchi	0	0	0	5	5	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	475	265	205
Parsi	0	0	0	35	25	15
Pashto	0	0	0	1,020	545	470
Persian languages	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555
Dari	0	0	0	1,245	605	640
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,680	845	830
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	15
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	40	183,755	87,295	96,460
Catalan	0	0	0	210	100	105
Italian	15	10	0	63,560	29,680	33,880
Portuguese	5	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215
Romanian	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945
Spanish	70	35	35	85,395	41,150	44,250
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	50	55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	10
Japanese	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290
Korean	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845
Mongolian	0	0	0	180	75	110
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	13,775	6,870	6,905
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	690	340	350
Bamanankan	0	0	0	690	365	320
Edo	0	0	0	65	25	40
Éwé	5	0	0	345	195	155
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,270	650	620
Ga	0	0	0	55	35	25
Ganda	0	0	0	25	10	15
Gikuyu	0	0	0	5	5	5
Igbo	0	0	0	105	65	40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,150	515	630
Lingala	0	0	0	1,715	770	945
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	140	65	80
Mòoré	0	0	0	160	85	75
Mwani	0	0	0	25	10	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	35	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	1,355	615	740
Shona	0	0	0	85	45	45
Soninke	0	0	0	205	135	70
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	10	5	10
Swahili	0	0	0	815	395	415
Wojenaka	0	0	0	485	225	255
Wolof	0	0	0	1,545	830	720
Yoruba	0	0	0	660	350	315
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	360	200	165
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	285	160	130
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	65	40	30
Sign languages	0	0	0	310	160	150
American Sign Language	0	0	0	60	35	30
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	190	90	95
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	57,075	26,030	31,035
Chinese languages	20	15	10	56,890	25,955	30,935
Hakka	0	0	0	265	105	155
Mandarin	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715
Min Dong	0	0	0	20	10	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	1,895	830	1,065
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	545	250	295
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	0	15,185	6,995	8,195
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	940	470	470
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	25	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	140	55	80
Burmese	0	0	0	60	15	45
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	65	35	35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010
Lao	0	0	0	1,320	635	690
Thai	0	0	0	430	115	315
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	10
Turkic languages	20	10	10	5,945	3,030	2,910
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	285	175	105
Kazakh	0	0	0	30	15	15
Turkish	20	10	10	5,300	2,685	2,615
Uyghur	0	0	0	145	70	75
Uzbek	0	0	0	80	40	40
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	40	65
Uralic languages	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810
Estonian	0	0	0	110	40	65
Finnish	0	0	0	175	65	110
Hungarian	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	45	45
Multiple responses	55	30	25	143,450	71,980	71,470
English and French	5	10	5	42,695	21,750	20,940
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	47,185	23,615	23,570
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	15,685	8,025	7,655
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	630	320	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
English	25	15	10	340,470	170,050	170,425
French	210	100	105	779,125	383,000	396,125
Non-official language	110	60	50	204,395	96,705	107,690
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	80	30	50
Non-Indigenous	110	60	50	204,315	96,670	107,645
English and French	20	15	5	173,135	89,205	83,935
English and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	135,390	66,995	68,400
French and non-official language(s)	175	85	90	180,900	85,935	94,965
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	154,470	76,450	78,020
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	630	320	310	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995
Single responses	560	285	270	1,806,270	888,385	917,885
Official languages	345	180	170	1,435,980	710,425	725,555
English	50	30	20	479,850	239,270	240,580
French	295	150	145	956,130	471,155	484,975
Non-official languages	210	105	100	370,290	177,955	192,335
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	160	65	100
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	95	45	50
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	80	35	50
Atikamekw	0	0	0	10	0	5
Cree languages	0	0	0	60	25	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	30	15	10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	20	10	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	55	10	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	50	10	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	105	100	370,125	177,895	192,235
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	66,095	34,080	32,015
Berber languages	10	5	5	6,870	3,680	3,190
Kabyle	10	5	5	6,385	3,420	2,965
Tamazight	0	0	0	375	205	170
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	55
Chadic languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Hausa	0	0	0	85	45	40
Mina	0	0	0	40	15	25
Coptic	0	0	0	140	65	70
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	370	175	195
Bilen	0	0	0	10	5	10
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	350	165	185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	58,585	30,100	28,490
Amharic	0	0	0	270	130	145
Arabic	15	10	10	56,520	29,075	27,445
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	85	35	50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	35	10	25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	5	5	5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	1,230	615	610
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	450	230	220
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	17,355	8,030	9,325
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	2,915	1,315	1,595
Vietnamese	15	10	5	14,425	6,710	7,720
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	15	5	10
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295
Bikol	0	0	0	40	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	190	85	105
Cebuano	0	0	0	475	200	270
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	280	115	165
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,075	465	610
Indonesian	0	0	0	195	90	105
Kankanaey	0	0	0	5	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Merina	0	0	0	65	30	35
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	55	25	30
Malay	0	0	0	10	10	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	110	55	60
Pangasinan	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	15	5	5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55
Creole languages	30	10	20	17,685	7,840	9,845
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	12,780	5,515	7,265
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	580	280	300
Sango	0	0	0	10	10	5
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	4,210	1,990	2,220
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	50	45
Dravidian languages	15	10	10	10,460	5,315	5,145
Kannada	0	0	0	150	80	65
Malayalam	0	0	0	1,035	550	485
Tamil	15	10	10	8,370	4,095	4,270
Telugu	0	0	0	895	580	315
Tulu	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Georgian	0	0	0	50	25	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	55	25	30	188,550	90,370	98,185
Albanian	0	0	0	1,115	545	575
Armenian	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540
Baltic languages	0	0	0	105	45	65
Latvian	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	70	25	40
Slavic languages	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475
Belarusian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Bulgarian	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265
Czech	0	0	0	210	100	115
Macedonian	0	0	0	70	30	35
Polish	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740
Russian	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	1,445	685	760
Bosnian	0	0	0	195	90	105
Croatian	0	0	0	435	195	240
Serbian	0	0	0	795	395	400
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	5	15
Slovak	0	0	0	120	50	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	90	45	50
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,365	625	735
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10	10	5
Irish	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320
Frisian	0	0	0	5	0	5
High German languages	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130
German	0	0	0	770	360	410
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	30	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	220	105	115
Afrikaans	0	0	0	45	20	25
Dutch	0	0	0	155	80	75
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	15	0	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	120	50	65
Danish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	5	15
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	0	0	0	60	30	35
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Greek	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555
Indo-Iranian languages	10	5	5	50,680	26,200	24,485
Indo-Aryan languages	10	5	5	35,595	18,850	16,750
Assamese	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	10	5	5	7,495	3,730	3,765
Gujarati	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920
Hindi	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260
Kacchi	0	0	0	75	35	40
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	20	10	5
Marathi	0	0	0	180	100	80
Nepali	0	0	0	240	125	115
Oriya languages	0	0	0	5	5	0
Odia	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	270	145	125
Urdu	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	120	60	55
Iranian languages	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	250	135	120
Parsi	0	0	0	15	5	5
Pashto	0	0	0	775	410	360
Persian languages	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220
Dari	0	0	0	800	390	415
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,110	530	585
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	20	95,835	44,515	51,315
Catalan	0	0	0	80	40	40
Italian	5	5	0	22,105	9,270	12,835
Portuguese	0	0	0	10,365	4,860	5,500
Romanian	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620
Spanish	40	20	20	54,335	26,035	28,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Japanese	0	0	0	840	340	500
Korean	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015
Mongolian	0	0	0	130	55	70
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	370	175	190
Bamanankan	0	0	0	205	100	105
Edo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Éwé	0	0	0	90	45	45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	455	240	215
Ga	0	0	0	25	10	15
Ganda	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	350	145	200
Lingala	0	0	0	585	255	325
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mwani	0	0	0	10	5	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	5	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	480	220	255
Shona	0	0	0	35	15	20
Soninke	0	0	0	95	65	30
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	300	160	135
Wojenaka	0	0	0	130	50	80
Wolof	0	0	0	620	335	285
Yoruba	0	0	0	190	90	100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	345	155	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	110	60	55
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	105	60	45
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sign languages	0	0	0	595	350	250
American Sign Language	0	0	0	140	75	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	325	175	145
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	95	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	10	10	43,570	20,275	23,295
Chinese languages	20	10	10	43,475	20,230	23,240
Hakka	0	0	0	80	40	45
Mandarin	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430
Min Dong	0	0	0	5	0	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5	1,135	505	635
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	355	170	185
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	0	10,470	4,815	5,655
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	270	285
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	70	30	35
Burmese	0	0	0	35	15	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	895	420	480
Lao	0	0	0	740	360	385
Thai	0	0	0	155	60	95
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	20	10	5	3,885	1,945	1,945
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	115	65	50
Kazakh	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkish	20	10	5	3,595	1,795	1,805
Uyghur	0	0	0	100	45	60
Uzbek	0	0	0	40	25	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	935	395	535
Estonian	0	0	0	5	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	895	380	520
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	15	15
Multiple responses	70	35	40	173,745	85,640	88,110
English and French	5	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	39,365	19,140	20,225
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	30	57,355	27,790	29,565
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	21,910	10,810	11,100
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,815	840	980
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	630	320	310	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995
None	410	205	200	1,454,735	714,280	740,455
English	30	15	10	131,630	67,290	64,340
French	80	45	35	126,780	62,180	64,600
Non-official language	75	35	40	144,335	69,210	75,130
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	185	75	110
Non-Indigenous	75	35	40	144,155	69,135	75,015
English and French	10	0	10	34,410	17,320	17,090
English and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	38,875	19,700	19,180
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	615	310	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,685
Official languages	580	280	295	1,913,970	947,390	966,575
English	290	155	130	1,435,560	729,670	705,890
French	550	260	290	1,655,330	814,660	840,670
Non-official languages	500	260	240	971,455	471,755	499,700
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	890	350	540
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	400	170	225
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	290	110	175
Atikamekw	0	0	0	20	0	15
Cree languages	0	0	0	180	75	110
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	75	40	40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	75	30	45
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	80	25	60
Naskapi	0	0	0	20	10	10
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	25	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	105	55	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	30	20	15
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	65	40	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	50	20	25
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	15	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	35	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	30	20	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	25	15	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	365	85	275
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	360	85	275
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	65	55	20
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	50	20
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	500	260	240	970,710	471,495	499,220
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	55	217,295	113,605	103,690
Berber languages	35	30	10	24,100	12,860	11,245
Kabyle	35	30	10	21,780	11,590	10,195
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	560	290	270
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,245	675	565
Hausa	0	0	0	600	380	215
Mina	0	0	0	645	295	350
Coptic	0	0	0	795	415	385
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	1,185	555	625
Bilen	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oromo	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	1,140	530	610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	15	40
Semitic languages	105	50	55	205,120	107,210	97,905
Amharic	0	0	0	880	435	445
Arabic	105	50	55	188,115	98,545	89,565
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	230	100	135
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	55	20	35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	10	10	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	170	75	100
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920
Maltese	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	820	400	420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	75	50	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	35	20	32,680	15,395	17,290
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	7,045	3,265	3,785
Vietnamese	25	20	0	26,160	12,400	13,760
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	60	25	30
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675
Bikol	0	0	0	250	95	150
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	525	230	290
Cebuano	0	0	0	1,385	480	905
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	910	340	565
Ilocano	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950
Indonesian	0	0	0	900	395	505
Kankanaey	0	0	0	60	30	35
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	855	420	435
Merina	0	0	0	670	330	345
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	185	90	90
Malay	0	0	0	390	195	195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	395	180	215
Pangasinan	0	0	0	155	70	85
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	145	70	75
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,040	445	595
Creole languages	100	50	50	76,295	34,775	41,520
Haitian Creole	100	50	50	67,895	30,695	37,205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	245	130	115
Krio	0	0	0	60	25	40
Morisyen	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340
Sango	0	0	0	190	110	80
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	12,280	5,760	6,520
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,600	705	895
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	18,785	9,760	9,020
Kannada	0	0	0	725	415	310
Malayalam	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965
Tamil	35	15	15	14,560	7,265	7,300
Telugu	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905
Tulu	0	0	0	40	20	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	0	0	0	175	80	95
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	170	85	85	514,485	250,190	264,295
Albanian	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285
Armenian	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165
Baltic languages	0	0	0	705	280	425
Latvian	0	0	0	270	110	160
Lithuanian	0	0	0	435	170	260
Slavic languages	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870
Belarusian	0	0	0	205	75	125
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360
Czech	0	0	0	1,265	590	675
Macedonian	0	0	0	255	100	160
Polish	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650
Russian	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075
Bosnian	0	0	0	715	335	380
Croatian	0	0	0	1,880	935	950
Serbian	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	60	50
Slovak	0	0	0	795	340	455
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	440	185	255
Ukrainian	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	30
Celtic languages	0	0	0	315	180	135
Irish	0	0	0	140	85	55
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	50	30	20
Welsh	0	0	0	40	20	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	90	50	45
Germanic languages	0	0	0	35,095	17,750	17,345
Frisian	0	0	0	40	20	25
High German languages	0	0	0	31,565	16,090	15,470
German	0	0	0	21,270	10,840	10,435
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	385	155	230
Yiddish	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325
Afrikaans	0	0	0	330	170	160
Dutch	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	20	0	20
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,865	920	945
Danish	0	0	0	545	250	295
Icelandic	0	0	0	50	25	25
Norwegian	0	0	0	400	220	180
Swedish	0	0	0	1,030	530	500
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	80	30	50
Greek	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625
Assamese	0	0	0	55	25	20
Bengali	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495
Gujarati	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130
Hindi	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765
Kacchi	0	0	0	250	115	140
Kashmiri	0	0	0	50	35	20
Konkani	0	0	0	205	115	85
Marathi	0	0	0	920	500	420
Nepali	0	0	0	560	305	255
Oriya languages	0	0	0	55	20	35
Odia	0	0	0	35	15	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20	0	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	175	85	85
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	1,060	585	475
Urdu	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	565	350	215
Iranian languages	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	855	505	345
Parsi	0	0	0	95	50	40
Pashto	0	0	0	1,300	690	600
Persian languages	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575
Dari	0	0	0	1,515	770	740
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	115	60	50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	85	50	40
Italic (Romance) languages	165	80	85	324,695	154,360	170,340
Catalan	0	0	0	780	445	335
Italian	55	25	30	107,285	51,300	55,985
Portuguese	0	0	0	31,125	15,545	15,585
Romanian	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850
Spanish	120	55	60	193,835	91,345	102,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	265	210
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	80	60
Japanese	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755
Korean	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645
Mongolian	0	0	0	240	85	155
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	10	33,295	16,860	16,435
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	1,650	895	750
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,595	805	785
Edo	0	0	0	260	125	135
Éwé	0	0	0	960	560	400
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285
Ga	0	0	0	255	165	90
Ganda	0	0	0	80	45	30
Gikuyu	0	0	0	50	0	40
Igbo	0	0	0	535	310	225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020
Lingala	10	0	10	7,490	3,495	3,995
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	540	235	300
Mòoré	0	0	0	635	345	285
Mwani	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ndebele	0	0	0	125	75	45
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100
Shona	0	0	0	270	170	100
Soninke	0	0	0	465	310	155
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	50	25	35
Swahili	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,005	510	495
Wolof	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890
Yoruba	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	725	400	320
Dinka	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	710	400	315
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	435	230	205
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280
American Sign Language	0	0	0	635	230	405
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,370	530	845
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	230	135
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	25	10	68,485	31,760	36,720
Chinese languages	30	25	10	68,285	31,685	36,595
Hakka	0	0	0	445	220	225
Mandarin	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040
Min Dong	0	0	0	45	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	850	385	465
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	0	21,115	9,630	11,485
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	955	505	450
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	130	60	60
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	195	65	125
Burmese	0	0	0	75	10	65
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	95	50	50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	40	30
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585
Lao	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055
Thai	0	0	0	1,140	415	725
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turkic languages	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	655	390	260
Kazakh	0	0	0	70	40	30
Turkish	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905
Uyghur	0	0	0	225	105	125
Uzbek	0	0	0	190	105	85
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	245	110	135
Uralic languages	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600
Estonian	0	0	0	175	70	110
Finnish	0	0	0	320	145	170
Hungarian	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	230	220
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	620	305	310	1,959,355	965,675	993,685
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795
Métis	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	685	210	475
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	355	165	185
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	800	365	435
Non-Indigenous identity	620	305	310	1,942,680	957,955	984,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	620	305	310	1,959,355	965,675	993,685
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	620	305	310	1,955,555	963,940	991,615
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Owner	50	...	...	360,125	...	...
Renter	190	...	...	550,240	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Condominium	20	...	...	192,985	...	...
Not condominium	225	...	...	717,375	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	19,730	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	267,715	...	...
2 bedrooms	85	...	...	303,875	...	...
3 bedrooms	110	...	...	220,945	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	98,090	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	110	...	...	501,570	...	...
5 rooms	110	...	...	166,230	...	...
6 rooms	10	...	...	78,495	...	...
7 rooms	10	...	...	58,850	...	...
8 or more rooms	0	...	...	105,210	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.4	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
One person or fewer per room	220	...	...	881,730	...	...
More than one person per room	20	...	...	28,630	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Suitable	200	...	...	834,885	...	...
Not suitable	45	...	...	75,475	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
1960 or before	95	...	...	325,005	...	...
1961 to 1980	110	...	...	282,605	...	...
1981 to 1990	20	...	...	101,185	...	...
1991 to 2000	10	...	...	63,765	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	32,020	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	32,875	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	35,320	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	37,590	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	220	...	...	833,540	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	76,815	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
One-maintainer household	170	...	...	543,605	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45	...	...	333,140	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30	...	...	33,620	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	40,960	...	...
25 to 34 years	25	...	...	162,375	...	...
35 to 44 years	50	...	...	171,535	...	...
45 to 54 years	55	...	...	155,520	...	...
55 to 64 years	60	...	...	156,865	...	...
65 to 74 years	20	...	...	122,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	20	...	...	70,345	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	29,930	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	245	...	...	902,485	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	170	...	...	686,075	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	70	...	...	216,410	...	...
30% to less than 100%	65	...	...	189,795	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	240	...	...	910,360	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	120	...	...	330,635	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	55	...	...	186,350	...	...
Not suitable only	30	...	...	56,480	...	...
Major repairs needed only	15	...	...	50,745	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	10,995	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	18,075	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	7,005	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	995	...	...
Acceptable housing	120	...	...	579,720	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	235	...	...	875,865	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	87,945	...	...
Not in core need	195	...	...	787,925	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	55	...	...	360,120	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.6	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.3	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,572	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	472,000	...	...	544,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	480,000	...	...	638,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	190	...	...	550,235	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	28.9	...	...	28.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	725	...	...	890	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	705	...	...	987	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	615	305	310	1,959,360	965,670	993,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	930	400	530
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	430	145	280
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	195	75	115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	90	45	45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	95	25	70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	10	10	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	30,345	13,805	16,540
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	30,095	13,720	16,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	27,000	12,340	14,660
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	380	115	260
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	250	80	175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	215	70	145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	20	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	610	305	310	1,919,975	947,880	972,095
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	615	305	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,690
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	400	195	205	1,645,945	805,140	840,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	35	55	322,965	164,980	157,985
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	310	165	145	1,322,980	640,160	682,820
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	215	110	100	313,410	160,530	152,885
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	615	305	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,690
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	240	105	135	1,168,390	576,340	592,055
Immigrants⁸¹	335	180	150	652,730	313,955	338,770
Before 1980	20	20	0	108,265	50,530	57,735
1980 to 1990	35	25	10	69,695	34,150	35,545
1991 to 2000	60	40	25	106,810	50,520	56,290
2001 to 2010	30	0	25	154,780	74,520	80,255
2011 to 2021⁸²	170	85	85	213,175	104,225	108,950
2011 to 2015	90	50	40	99,070	48,005	51,065
2016 to 2021	80	35	45	114,110	56,220	57,885
Non-permanent residents⁸³	45	20	20	138,240	75,380	62,860
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	335	180	150	652,725	313,955	338,770
Under 5 years	35	35	0	52,990	26,810	26,180
5 to 14 years	45	20	25	103,285	51,965	51,320
15 to 24 years	60	30	25	118,475	53,035	65,440
25 to 44 years	140	70	70	326,320	158,620	167,700
45 years and over	45	30	20	51,660	23,520	28,140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	335	180	150	652,725	313,955	338,770
Americas	135	75	65	137,955	63,465	74,485
Brazil	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280
Colombia	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780
El Salvador	10	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235
Guyana	0	0	0	1,675	780	895
Haiti	80	45	30	48,570	21,555	27,015
Jamaica	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965
Mexico	0	0	0	8,940	4,350	4,585
Peru	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475
United States of America	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170
Other places of birth in Americas	45	20	25	33,410	15,245	18,160
Europe	10	10	0	158,795	76,610	82,190
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	850	430	420
Croatia	0	0	0	915	475	440
France	0	0	0	42,245	22,305	19,935
Germany	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975
Greece	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725
Hungary	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060
Italy	10	10	0	32,485	15,325	17,165
Netherlands	0	0	0	700	420	285
Poland	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485
Portugal	0	0	0	8,140	3,720	4,425
Romania	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470
Russian Federation	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	845	410	435
Ukraine	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095
Africa	120	60	55	152,205	77,515	74,690
Algeria	105	50	55	44,925	23,280	21,640
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335
Egypt	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045
Eritrea	0	0	0	500	250	250
Ethiopia	0	0	0	750	345	400
Morocco	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,435	770	660
Somalia	0	0	0	405	205	205
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	585	360	225
Other places of birth in Africa	15	15	0	47,960	24,705	23,260
Asia	70	40	30	202,715	95,775	106,935
Afghanistan	0	0	0	1,250	630	625
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160
Iraq	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020
Lebanon	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680
Turkey	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915
Taiwan	0	0	0	1,600	660	935
Philippines	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105
Viet Nam	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575
Bangladesh	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605
India	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455
Pakistan	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	7,850	3,865	3,990
Other places of birth in Asia	35	20	15	25,115	11,780	13,335
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	1,055	585	470
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	80	40	45	114,110	56,220	57,885
Americas	15	0	10	16,945	8,160	8,785
Brazil	0	0	0	1,235	515	715
Colombia	0	0	0	1,390	615	775
Haiti	15	0	10	5,550	2,740	2,815
Jamaica	0	0	0	145	80	65
Mexico	0	0	0	1,410	745	665
United States of America	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	960	355	600
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905
Europe	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145
France	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635
Germany	0	0	0	280	150	130
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	55	45	10
Italy	0	0	0	450	270	180
Russian Federation	0	0	0	790	295	490
Ukraine	0	0	0	850	390	455
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	570	355	220
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030
Africa	60	30	30	36,195	17,970	18,225
Algeria	60	30	30	10,255	5,020	5,235
Burundi	0	0	0	740	395	340
Cameroon	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	1,515	665	850
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	1,720	855	865
Egypt	0	0	0	1,595	850	750
Eritrea	0	0	0	275	145	125
Ethiopia	0	0	0	90	40	45
Morocco	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965
Nigeria	0	0	0	705	400	310
Somalia	0	0	0	50	25	25
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	125	70	55
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	85	50	35
Tunisia	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060
Asia	10	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600
Afghanistan	0	0	0	210	105	100
Bangladesh	0	0	0	985	470	515
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	80	30	55
India	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685
Iraq	0	0	0	315	180	130
Israel	0	0	0	255	130	125
Japan	0	0	0	190	55	140
Jordan	0	0	0	405	195	215
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	920	380	535
Lebanon	0	0	0	1,820	990	825
Nepal	0	0	0	180	110	75
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,145	590	555
Philippines	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	970	595	370
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	530	220	305
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115
Turkey	0	0	0	575	310	265
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	690	340	350
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,075	460	620
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	1,715	725	995
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	330	205	130
Australia	0	0	0	220	140	85
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	110	70	45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	615	310	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,685
First generation¹⁰⁰	390	205	185	813,905	400,325	413,580
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	80	85	424,225	212,755	211,475
Third generation or more¹⁰²	65	20	45	721,230	352,590	368,630
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	310	160	150	544,455	263,425	281,040
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	95	50	45	303,105	155,090	148,020
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	40	30	10	151,015	87,200	63,815
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	60	20	35	152,090	67,890	84,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	110	55	55	146,645	59,645	87,000
Refugees¹⁰⁸	100	45	55	85,165	44,145	41,025
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	310	160	150	544,455	263,425	281,040
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	25	20	53,655	28,340	25,310
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	40	15	25	56,685	26,490	30,195
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	10	0	27,800	15,470	12,330
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	4,820	2,035	2,785
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	205	100	105	387,815	184,015	203,795
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	620	305	310	1,959,355	965,675	993,685
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	475	250	230	737,510	363,785	373,725
South Asian	35	15	15	91,370	48,660	42,710
Chinese	30	20	10	69,985	32,190	37,795
Black	165	80	85	208,805	101,125	107,680
Filipino	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275
Arab	120	60	60	151,890	79,375	72,515
Latin American	65	35	35	82,550	40,580	41,970
Southeast Asian	45	30	10	40,535	19,270	21,265
West Asian	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435
Korean	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730
Japanese	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325
Multiple visible minorities	15	0	15	19,790	9,660	10,125
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	140	60	80	1,221,845	601,890	619,960
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	615	310	310	1,959,355	965,670	993,685
Canadian	40	15	30	241,015	115,880	125,135
English	0	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685
Irish	0	0	0	102,325	48,885	53,440
Scottish	0	0	0	61,620	29,560	32,065
French, n.o.s.¹²²	0	0	0	336,880	169,710	167,170
German	0	0	0	40,360	19,305	21,050
Chinese	35	25	10	74,630	34,410	40,220
Italian	65	25	40	156,025	76,485	79,535
Indian (India)	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735
Ukrainian	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930
Dutch	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285
Polish	0	0	0	33,540	16,340	17,200
Québécois	30	15	15	108,910	54,650	54,260
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415
Filipino	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475
French Canadian	0	0	0	66,400	31,740	34,655
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185
Métis	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380
Russian	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195
Norwegian	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525
Welsh	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580
Portuguese	0	0	0	25,490	12,445	13,045
American	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300
Spanish	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200
Swedish	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715
Hungarian	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335
Acadian	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915
Pakistani	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	10	0	35,410	17,485	17,930
Jewish	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515
Punjabi	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605
Vietnamese	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830
Greek	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865
Jamaican	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	855	375	480
Korean	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820
Romanian	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320
Lebanese	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650
Iranian	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700
Danish	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105
Sikh	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835
Austrian	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670
Belgian	0	0	0	12,360	6,180	6,180
Haitian	125	60	70	82,590	38,735	43,855
Hindu	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910
Mexican	15	0	15	16,720	8,350	8,370
Mennonite	0	0	0	440	225	215
Swiss	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285
Finnish	0	0	0	1,335	555	780
Sri Lankan	25	15	15	8,775	4,360	4,420
Croatian	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485
Japanese	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	1,545	785	760
Muslim	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320
Egyptian	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500
Tamil	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955
Icelandic	0	0	0	470	260	205
Colombian	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615
Moroccan	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970
Czech	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700
Syrian	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280
Guyanese	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015
Afghan	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140
Serbian	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150
Ojibway	0	0	0	280	145	135
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	490	265	225
Hong Konger	0	0	0	1,150	520	630
Ontarian	0	0	0	940	430	500
Persian	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675
Turkish	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	940	305	635
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465
Algerian	85	45	45	41,695	21,670	20,025
Brazilian	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695
Nigerian	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125
Armenian	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860
Slovak	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520
Somali	0	0	0	1,170	550	620
Taiwanese	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220
Iraqi	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250
Salvadorean	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790
African Caribbean	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075
Algonquin	0	0	0	1,880	925	965
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255
Lithuanian	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705
South African	0	0	0	600	280	315
Australian	0	0	0	1,030	495	535
Palestinian	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005
Chilean	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250
Congolese	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	575	255	315
Ethiopian	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690
Peruvian	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845
Yoruba	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765
Berber	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570
Albanian	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355
Maltese	0	0	0	425	240	180
Macedonian	0	0	0	380	185	200
Slovenian	0	0	0	1,145	520	630
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	965	475	485
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,145	620	525
Eritrean	0	0	0	625	305	320
African Canadian	0	0	0	1,440	745	700
Israeli	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,560	700	860
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	735	325	410
Bulgarian	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565
Albertan	0	0	0	110	40	70
Ghanaian	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960
Barbadian	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500
African American	0	0	0	1,775	875	900
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	950	510	445
Tunisian	10	10	0	12,345	6,770	5,580
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	1,615	740	875
Cuban	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990
Bosnian	0	0	0	585	285	300
Venezuelan	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	1,680	725	955
Latvian	0	0	0	1,070	505	560
Bengali	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890
Cameroonian	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455
Guatemalan	20	10	15	5,005	2,605	2,400
Indonesian	0	0	0	1,170	530	645
Laotian	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290
Ilocano	0	0	0	1,285	625	660
Northern Irish	0	0	0	420	210	205
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	720	355	365
British Columbian	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	1,295	595	705
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	785	405	380
Argentinian	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520
Estonian	0	0	0	530	285	245
Kurdish	0	0	0	1,570	895	675
Fijian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Jatt	0	0	0	465	230	230
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	790	405	380
Coptic	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295
Thai	0	0	0	1,255	440	815
Dominican	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950
Nepali	0	0	0	485	275	210
Kabyle	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380
Assyrian	0	0	0	470	195	280
Igbo	0	0	0	635	375	260
Byelorussian	0	0	0	1,360	690	670
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	25	10	15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	110	50	60
Abenaki	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000
Moldovan	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	1,200	540	660
New Zealander	0	0	0	315	190	125
Sudanese	0	0	0	360	180	180
Breton	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	50	20	30
Malaysian	0	0	0	415	220	195
Plains Cree	0	0	0	35	15	20
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	1,480	675	805
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	75	25	45
Buddhist	0	0	0	790	345	450
Gaspesian	0	0	0	1,640	740	900
Norman	0	0	0	1,915	950	970
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	315	140	175
Ivorian	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820
Saulteaux	0	0	0	35	10	15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	145	60	85
Burundian	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140
Tigrinya	0	0	0	375	215	160
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	1,320	650	670
Mauritian	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990
Kenyan	0	0	0	240	105	135
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	30	0	20
Vincentian	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440
Jordanian	0	0	0	910	510	400
Manitoban	0	0	0	115	55	65
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	70	30	50
Rwandan	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225
Grenadian	0	0	0	1,040	410	630
Malayali	0	0	0	385	210	180
Chaldean	0	0	0	120	40	80
Sinhalese	0	0	0	395	185	210
Mayan	0	0	0	1,770	915	850
Honduran	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265
Cherokee	0	0	0	230	105	125
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	20	15	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	340	155	180
Flemish	0	0	0	560	280	280
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	140	65	75
Senegalese	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	675	330	345
Sicilian	0	0	0	1,080	555	530
Pashtun	0	0	0	505	275	230
Malay	0	0	0	345	160	185
Goan	0	0	0	200	90	105
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	1,755	865	890
Tibetan	0	0	0	145	70	75
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	205	120	95
Burmese	0	0	0	245	110	135
Mongolian	0	0	0	650	295	355
Azorean	0	0	0	735	315	415
Atikamekw	0	0	0	330	145	180
Bamileke	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	140	70	70
Ugandan	0	0	0	115	65	60
Oromo	0	0	0	50	25	25
Tanzanian	0	0	0	195	100	100
Yemeni	0	0	0	620	340	280
Central African	0	0	0	1,450	685	765
Libyan	0	0	0	660	345	315
Basque	0	0	0	1,090	570	525
Uruguayan	0	0	0	875	510	365
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	585	290	295
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	900	520	380
Igorot	0	0	0	335	125	210
Fulani	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335
St. Lucian	0	0	0	310	120	185
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	215	75	140
Beninese	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900
Telugu	0	0	0	185	130	55
Roma	0	0	0	260	130	135
Costa Rican	0	0	0	800	450	350
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	235	110	120
Malagasy	0	0	0	1,680	795	890
Kashmiri	0	0	0	115	70	45
Singaporean	0	0	0	100	70	30
Karen	0	0	0	10	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	335	155	185
Tajik	0	0	0	145	70	80
Amhara	0	0	0	115	60	50
Paraguayan	0	0	0	100	40	60
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	620	305	310	1,959,360	965,675	993,685
Buddhist	55	35	20	28,350	12,580	15,775
Christian	325	140	185	969,945	451,410	518,540
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	90	35	60	116,635	55,545	61,090
Anabaptist	0	0	0	280	120	160
Anglican	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190
Baptist	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940
Catholic	165	75	95	675,695	314,690	361,010
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	1,220	555	665
Lutheran	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	1,055	495	560
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	50	30	20	16,130	6,980	9,150
Presbyterian	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065
Reformed	0	0	0	410	180	230
United Church	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935
Hindu	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405
Jewish	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840
Muslim	130	65	65	233,440	121,145	112,290
Sikh	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	220	80	135
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315
No religion and secular perspectives	90	50	40	590,140	310,985	279,165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	605	300	310	1,940,495	956,130	984,365
Non-movers	535	255	280	1,685,130	826,630	858,500
Movers	70	45	25	255,365	129,500	125,865
Non-migrants	20	20	0	186,805	94,745	92,055
Migrants	55	25	25	68,560	34,750	33,810
Internal migrants	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680
External migrants	30	15	15	30,885	15,960	14,925
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	575	285	290	1,860,375	915,410	944,970
Non-movers	345	170	180	1,038,900	502,160	536,740
Movers	230	120	110	821,475	413,250	408,230
Non-migrants	145	80	60	433,700	216,030	217,670
Migrants	85	35	50	387,770	197,215	190,560
Internal migrants	0	0	0	190,035	93,955	96,075
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	159,710	78,770	80,940
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135
External migrants	85	35	50	197,735	103,260	94,485
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	490	250	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	155	85	70	274,820	136,500	138,320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	335	165	170	1,375,315	671,055	704,255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	350	190	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	60	35	121,295	65,950	55,345
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	255	130	125	975,700	481,690	494,005
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	495	255	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
No certificate, diploma or degree	135	70	65	247,460	120,840	126,625
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	50	35	319,755	162,520	157,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	265	130	135	1,082,915	524,200	558,715
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	180	85	95	473,060	232,855	240,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	40	40	146,170	81,740	64,425
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	65	25	40	106,110	54,025	52,085
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	80	30	45	260,845	122,345	138,495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	10	0	66,045	28,760	37,285
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	45	40	609,855	291,355	318,505
Bachelor's degree	45	25	20	344,605	160,320	184,285
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	35	20	15	58,945	27,280	31,665
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	16,885	8,385	8,500
Master's degree	0	0	0	159,510	78,325	81,190
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	355	190	165	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No certificate, diploma or degree	80	50	30	102,815	55,805	47,015
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	50	30	25	162,205	88,420	73,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	220	110	110	831,975	403,420	428,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	70	70	333,160	167,260	165,895
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	70	35	40	110,390	60,690	49,700
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	20	40	81,090	40,585	40,505
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	20	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	35	25	174,185	84,745	89,445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10	0	0	48,580	21,830	26,755
Bachelor's degree or higher	80	40	45	498,815	236,155	262,665
Bachelor's degree	40	20	20	276,640	128,890	147,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	20	10	48,390	21,995	26,395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	12,900	5,750	7,150
Master's degree	10	0	10	137,150	66,720	70,430
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	490	255	240	1,650,135	807,555	842,580
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	225	125	100	567,220	283,355	283,860
Education	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045
13. Education	10	0	10	56,030	12,985	43,045
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	69,210	32,705	36,505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	61,135	27,085	34,045
Humanities	15	10	0	78,920	30,815	48,110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	935	325	605
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780
54. History	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	30	157,220	58,185	99,040
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	23,760	8,265	15,495
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770
42. Psychology	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330
45. Social sciences	25	0	15	59,300	29,185	30,110
Business, management and public administration	50	20	35	248,895	110,950	137,945
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	230	125	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	45	15	25	237,125	108,040	129,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	0	15	57,445	29,770	27,670
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	23,060	9,475	13,585
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	15	0	65,435	46,010	19,420
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	53,075	39,595	13,480
25. Library science	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	30	15	173,380	143,615	29,765
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040
14. Engineering	20	15	0	78,800	61,515	17,290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	21,310	20,295	1,010
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730
48. Precision production	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10	10	0	11,685	5,720	5,960
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060
Health and related fields	35	15	20	122,295	30,795	91,495
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	35	15	20	109,185	24,140	85,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	235	110	125
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	10	42,230	22,590	19,640
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	15	0	10	26,800	9,745	17,060
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	45	40	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	170	170	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	8,355	7,410	945
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	180	55	125
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	350	190	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	130	85	50	265,025	144,230	120,800
Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545
13. Education	0	0	0	38,405	8,860	29,545
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	0	0	0	54,840	26,500	28,340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	48,205	21,870	26,335
Humanities	15	10	0	52,565	20,765	31,805
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	625	205	415
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	1,295	890	405
54. History	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255
Social and behavioural sciences and law	35	15	20	121,985	44,105	77,880
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20,165	6,920	13,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850
22. Legal professions and studies	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150
45. Social sciences	25	0	15	44,580	21,945	22,635
Business, management and public administration	45	20	20	199,525	87,920	111,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	190	105	90
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	40	15	20	190,410	85,600	104,810
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	10	37,905	19,350	18,560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	0	10	18,535	7,670	10,860
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	1,385	765	625
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	1,240	735	510
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	10	0	53,860	38,275	15,590
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	10	0	45,135	33,805	11,335
25. Library science	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	1,000	690	305
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	35	20	10	137,395	112,025	25,370
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155
14. Engineering	15	10	0	66,210	51,090	15,115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	65	25	45
46. Construction trades	0	0	0	16,030	15,195	835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615
48. Precision production	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795
Health and related fields	30	15	15	92,595	23,265	69,330
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30	15	15	82,410	18,370	64,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	185	75	115
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	0	32,910	17,695	15,220
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	10	0	0	20,670	7,455	13,220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	40	35	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	95	95	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	6,695	5,960	735
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	140	30	110
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	350	190	160	1,097,000	547,645	549,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	130	85	50	265,025	144,230	120,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	225	110	110	831,975	403,415	428,560
Location of study inside Canada	130	65	65	598,455	286,340	312,115
Same as province or territory of residence	130	65	65	566,540	270,160	296,380
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	90	45	50	233,520	117,075	116,445
Americas	25	20	10	41,560	21,015	20,550
United States of America	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945
Mexico	0	0	0	5,165	2,400	2,770
Cuba	0	0	0	1,440	735	705
Haiti	10	10	0	5,155	2,830	2,325
Jamaica	0	0	0	130	70	60
Brazil	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150
Colombia	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065
Peru	0	0	0	1,475	625	845
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090
Other locations of study in Americas	15	0	10	4,850	2,255	2,595
Europe	10	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190
Belgium	0	0	0	1,865	950	920
France	10	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675
Germany	0	0	0	1,240	665	575
Netherlands	0	0	0	525	300	225
Switzerland	0	0	0	1,085	610	475
Hungary	0	0	0	230	125	105
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125
Poland	0	0	0	965	345	620
Romania	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975
Russian Federation	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615
Ukraine	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	330	225	110
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	130	75	55
Italy	0	0	0	1,460	820	640
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	145	50	95
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965
Africa	50	20	30	50,645	26,790	23,860
Nigeria	0	0	0	1,430	740	690
Algeria	45	15	20	19,530	10,160	9,370
Morocco	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765
Tunisia	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060
Egypt	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	345	165	180
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030
Asia	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745
Iraq	0	0	0	425	215	210
Israel	0	0	0	950	480	465
Lebanon	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830
Turkey	0	0	0	825	475	350
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360
Taiwan	0	0	0	440	180	260
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	275	130	150
Japan	0	0	0	905	330	575
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065
Philippines	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190
Viet Nam	0	0	0	1,225	445	780
Bangladesh	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	715	275	445
India	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330
Pakistan	0	0	0	1,410	705	705
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310
Oceania	0	0	0	1,475	820	660
Australia	0	0	0	1,210	665	545
New Zealand	0	0	0	225	130	95
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	50	25	20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	495	255	240	1,650,135	807,560	842,575
In the labour force	300	160	145	1,081,640	561,340	520,295
Employed	255	135	120	971,245	502,885	468,360
Unemployed	50	25	20	110,395	58,460	51,935
Not in the labour force	190	95	95	568,495	246,215	322,280
Participation rate	60.6	62.7	60.4	65.5	69.5	61.8
Employment rate	51.5	52.9	50.0	58.9	62.3	55.6
Unemployment rate	16.7	15.6	13.8	10.2	10.4	10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	490	255	240	1,650,135	807,555	842,580
Did not work¹⁸⁶	235	110	125	582,470	253,075	329,400
Worked	255	145	110	1,067,665	554,490	513,175
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	135	90	50	529,400	287,950	241,450
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	120	55	65	538,265	266,540	271,725
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.8	45.2	34.8	39.7	40.2	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	300	155	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	285	155	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150
Employee	265	145	130	907,745	457,830	449,915
Permanent position	220	135	90	741,830	380,445	361,385
Temporary position	45	0	40	165,915	77,385	88,530
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	0	15	69,690	31,285	38,405
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	0	25	96,225	46,100	50,120
Self-employed¹⁹²	15	15	0	142,380	88,145	54,230
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	300	155	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150
All occupations¹⁹¹	285	155	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	35	30	207,660	79,975	127,685
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	15	15	0	114,775	85,780	28,990
3 Health occupations	15	10	0	85,545	21,700	63,845
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	0	35	140,500	46,385	94,115
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	0	0	0	61,790	31,615	30,175
6 Sales and service occupations	60	15	45	263,055	135,300	127,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	50	40	0	109,555	99,115	10,440
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	35	25	10	42,380	28,195	14,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	300	155	140	1,081,635	561,345	520,295
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	15	0	10	31,515	15,365	16,150
All industries¹⁹¹	285	155	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	1,355	910	440
22 Utilities	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110
23 Construction	0	0	0	37,460	31,570	5,890
31-33 Manufacturing	60	50	10	86,535	58,295	28,235
41 Wholesale trade	15	0	10	42,365	25,230	17,140
44-45 Retail trade	25	10	20	111,555	56,180	55,375
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	15	10	56,160	43,355	12,805
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	43,110	26,250	16,865
52 Finance and insurance	20	20	0	53,430	27,205	26,225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	10	10	0	130,405	75,750	54,655
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	0	15	49,530	29,800	19,735
61 Educational services	25	0	20	95,290	34,510	60,780
62 Health care and social assistance	40	10	30	142,545	36,095	106,450
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315
72 Accommodation and food services	15	10	0	59,510	32,125	27,380
81 Other services (except public administration)	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050
91 Public administration	15	0	10	42,120	20,455	21,665
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	300	160	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060
English	30	20	10	201,310	110,165	91,150
French	175	80	90	416,430	206,170	210,265
Non-official language	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065
English and French	70	40	30	473,485	249,700	223,785
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	7,410	3,530	3,880
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	455	280	170
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	300	160	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060
Single responses	280	150	130	1,022,255	529,440	492,820
Official languages	275	145	130	1,007,600	522,060	485,540
English	50	35	15	361,715	194,885	166,835
French	225	110	115	645,885	327,180	318,705
Non-official languages	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	30	0	30
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	30	0	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	30	0	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,450	790	655
Berber languages	0	0	0	25	20	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	25	20	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	1,425	780	650
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	1,275	720	555
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	125	50	80
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	1,250	550	700
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	175	70	100
Vietnamese	0	0	0	1,075	475	600
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	125	60	65
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	95	50	50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	210	100	110
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	210	100	110
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	95	30	60
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	0	0	0	85	30	50
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370
Albanian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	85	60	30
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	675	220	455
Bulgarian	0	0	0	35	10	25
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	95	30	75
Russian	0	0	0	485	165	320
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	10	0	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	45	10	30
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	850	405	450
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	815	385	430
German	0	0	0	115	65	55
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	700	325	375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	25	15	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	10	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	15	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	205	65	135
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,550	860	690
Bengali	0	0	0	85	25	55
Gujarati	0	0	0	30	10	20
Hindi	0	0	0	125	60	65
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	1,200	705	495
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	110	55	55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	355	210	145
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	325	185	140
Dari	0	0	0	20	10	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	295	165	135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	15	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	330	165	160
Portuguese	0	0	0	275	105	170
Romanian	0	0	0	110	70	45
Spanish	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	130	25	110
Korean	0	0	0	280	115	165
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	50	35	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	15	15	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	90	35	60
American Sign Language	0	0	0	25	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	60	20	40
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875
Chinese languages	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	60	25	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	1,215	595	620
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	15	0	10
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	90	55	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	90	50	40
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	15	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	20	10	15	126,180	65,940	60,240
English and French	10	0	10	116,535	60,925	55,605
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	45	10	35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	300	160	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060
None	230	115	115	743,180	381,875	361,305
English	40	25	15	219,885	116,455	103,430
French	25	20	0	149,470	78,495	70,975
Non-official language	10	0	10	16,645	8,685	7,960
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	90	30	60
Non-Indigenous	10	0	10	16,555	8,655	7,900
English and French	0	0	0	1,270	595	675
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	190	100	85
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	255	135	120	971,245	502,885	468,360
Worked at home	35	25	10	298,820	151,335	147,485
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205
No fixed workplace address	30	10	20	89,120	62,795	26,325
Usual place of work	185	95	90	580,035	286,695	293,340
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	185	95	90	580,035	286,695	293,340
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	140	65	75	427,475	202,010	225,465
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	15	0	10	91,735	47,670	44,070
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	25	0	58,865	35,690	23,175
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	215	110	105	669,150	349,485	319,665
Car, truck or van	115	65	60	395,615	229,315	166,300
Car, truck or van - as a driver	115	65	55	365,770	218,475	147,295
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005
Public transit	85	35	50	177,860	74,605	103,260
Walked	0	0	0	61,160	26,300	34,860
Bicycle	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795
Other method	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	215	110	105	669,150	349,485	319,665
Less than 15 minutes	15	10	0	125,240	61,185	64,055
15 to 29 minutes	60	35	25	241,005	129,590	111,420
30 to 44 minutes	85	35	45	176,925	96,710	80,215
45 to 59 minutes	25	15	15	67,635	33,110	34,530
60 minutes and over	30	10	20	58,350	28,905	29,445
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	215	110	105	669,150	349,485	319,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	15	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	50	20	30	95,270	56,280	38,990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	70	40	30	166,695	79,410	87,280
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10	0	0	149,185	68,865	80,320
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	30	0	25	106,855	50,615	56,240
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	50	25	20	112,350	65,830	46,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	165	85	80	371,310	189,920	181,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20	15	5	109,065	56,315	52,750
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	145	65	75	262,245	133,605	128,640
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	115	55	60	264,905	135,505	129,395
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	25	15	10	82,880	42,755	40,130
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	20	15	5	67,535	34,945	32,590
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	15,350	7,810	7,540
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	45	50	182,020	92,755	89,270

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 27, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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