Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	541	...	...	753	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	40,232	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	35,874	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	241	...	...	457	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	19,610	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	225	...	...	437	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	17,181	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12,669.8	...	...	8,605.7	...	...	4.2	...	...	0.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	0.09	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	472,345.44	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	540	270	270	750	420	330	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	40,230	20,100	20,130
0 to 14 years	80	45	35	75	40	35	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	6,820	3,545	3,275
0 to 4 years	30	15	20	25	10	15	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	2,175	1,090	1,085
5 to 9 years	30	20	5	20	10	10	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	2,375	1,245	1,130
10 to 14 years	25	10	15	30	15	10	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	2,275	1,205	1,065
15 to 64 years	340	165	175	545	310	230	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	27,360	13,405	13,960
15 to 19 years	30	15	15	10	5	0	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	2,085	1,085	995
20 to 24 years	35	15	20	30	15	15	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	2,140	1,080	1,060
25 to 29 years	30	15	15	80	50	35	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	2,705	1,310	1,390
30 to 34 years	25	5	15	85	50	35	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	3,415	1,665	1,750
35 to 39 years	35	20	15	75	40	40	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	3,425	1,660	1,770
40 to 44 years	40	20	15	40	25	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	2,840	1,365	1,470
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	55	30	20	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	2,615	1,215	1,400
50 to 54 years	35	20	15	50	30	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	2,460	1,220	1,235
55 to 59 years	30	15	20	55	35	25	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	2,805	1,355	1,440
60 to 64 years	40	15	25	60	35	25	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	2,880	1,430	1,450
65 years and over	120	60	60	135	75	60	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	6,050	3,155	2,890
65 to 69 years	30	20	15	50	30	25	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	2,370	1,225	1,150
70 to 74 years	30	20	10	45	25	20	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	1,765	925	840
75 to 79 years	25	10	15	25	10	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	1,025	560	460
80 to 84 years	15	10	10	10	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	505	270	230
85 years and over	10	5	5	5	5	0	861,395	319,540	541,860	385	175	210
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	525,445	212,735	312,705	255	115	140
90 to 94 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	110	50	55
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	20	10	15
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	16.7	13.0	10.0	9.5	10.6	16.3	16.9	15.6	17.0	17.6	16.3
15 to 64 years	63.0	61.1	64.8	72.7	73.8	69.7	64.8	65.4	64.2	68.0	66.7	69.3
65 years and over	22.2	22.2	22.2	18.0	17.9	18.2	19.0	17.7	20.2	15.0	15.7	14.4
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	1.9	0.7	1.2	0.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.0	0.9	1.0
Average age of the population	43.8	42.8	44.8	43.9	44.0	43.7	41.9	41.0	42.8	39.9	39.9	40.0
Median age of the population	44.0	43.2	46.4	42.4	42.8	41.6	41.6	40.4	42.8	39.2	39.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	225	...	...	440	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	10,355	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	1,270	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	55	...	...	980,110	...	...	1,250	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	5	...	...	821,490	...	...	700	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	200	...	...	375	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	1,980	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	5	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	55	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	125	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	1,445	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,185	...	...
1 person	75	...	...	245	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	5,615	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	130	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	5,800	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	25	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	2,500	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	2,100	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	10	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	1,165	...	...
Number of persons in private households	545	270	270	730	410	320	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	39,585	19,710	19,870
Average household size	2.4	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	460	225	235	680	385	295	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	33,410	16,560	16,850
Married or living common-law	260	130	130	335	185	150	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	18,280	9,110	9,165
Married	220	110	105	150	80	65	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	12,450	6,235	6,220
Living common-law	40	20	20	185	100	90	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	5,830	2,880	2,950
Living common law - Never married	30	10	15	165	85	75	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	4,625	2,280	2,340
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	155	85	65
Living common law - Divorced	10	10	5	15	10	5	721,715	365,760	355,950	960	485	470
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	5	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	95	30	70
Not married and not living common-law	200	95	105	345	205	140	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	15,135	7,445	7,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	135	75	60	280	180	105	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	10,650	5,620	5,035
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	5	5	0	741,135	319,045	422,090	795	355	445
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	15	20	50	20	30	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	2,435	1,130	1,310
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	10	0	10	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	1,250	340	910
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	10,925	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	120	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	5,995	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	20	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	2,255	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	25	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	1,900	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	5	...	...	855,960	...	...	780	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	145	...	...	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	10,925	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	160	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	8,880	...	...
Married couples	105	...	...	70	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	5,965	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	30	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	3,045	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	40	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	2,915	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	95	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	2,915	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	25	...	...	808,645	...	...	1,100	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	70	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	1,815	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	10	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	2,045	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	5	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	1,500	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	550	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	545	270	270	730	405	325	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	39,585	19,710	19,875
Total - Persons in census families	435	220	220	425	235	195	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	30,465	15,050	15,420
Married spouses or common-law partners	245	125	125	325	175	150	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	17,760	8,825	8,935
Parents in one-parent families	25	5	20	10	5	5	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	2,045	550	1,495
Children⁶	165	90	75	95	55	40	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	10,660	5,675	4,990
In a two-parent family	130	70	55	85	45	40	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	7,520	3,990	3,535
In a one-parent family	35	20	15	10	10	5	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	3,140	1,685	1,450
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	100	50	50	305	175	130	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	9,120	4,665	4,460
Living alone	75	35	35	250	130	115	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	5,615	2,810	2,810
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	15	5	5	0	927,345	393,085	534,260	990	475	510
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	5	50	35	10	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	2,515	1,385	1,135
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	17,180	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	130	...	...	160	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	9,465	...	...
Couple-family households	115	...	...	155	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	7,865	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	50	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	3,690	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	110	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	4,175	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	5	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	1,605	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...	355	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	115	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...	690	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	25	...	...	663,835	...	...	945	...	...
One-person households	75	...	...	245	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	5,620	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	460	225	235	655	365	290	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	32,775	16,170	16,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	225	230	645	365	280	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	31,810	15,625	16,180
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,600	51,600	54,800	49,200	41,200	46,400	36,800	54,800	56,400	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	225	230	645	365	280	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	31,825	15,640	16,185
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	33,600	28,800	44,400	45,600	42,400	36,800	40,800	33,600	49,200	50,000	48,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	205	190	600	335	265	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	29,555	14,445	15,110
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,200	25,000	23,400	48,000	50,800	42,000	35,200	42,400	29,200	51,600	54,800	48,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	165	145	500	285	215	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	26,135	12,845	13,295
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,400	28,600	26,000	49,200	50,800	44,000	37,200	43,200	32,000	52,400	55,200	49,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	195	210	460	250	210	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	27,060	12,865	14,190
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,900	13,200	9,000	7,400	11,500	9,800	8,500	11,000	6,120	5,640	6,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	30	15	55	30	25	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	3,065	1,550	1,510
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	x	5,480	4,520	5,840	5,720	5,760	5,720	6,160	5,840	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	85	70	140	80	60	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	7,390	3,620	3,775
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	9,800	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	430	220	215	590	320	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	215	210	575	310	265	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	31,810	15,645	16,165
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,200	38,800	62,000	64,000	59,600	54,450	62,650	46,560	64,200	67,800	60,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	215	210	575	310	265	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	31,825	15,655	16,165
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	38,000	34,400	49,800	51,600	47,600	44,920	50,320	39,680	54,750	56,900	52,700
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	195	170	540	285	255	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	29,510	14,435	15,080
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	30,400	59,600	65,000	53,600	50,240	59,500	41,000	60,700	65,500	56,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	265	140	120	460	260	200	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	26,140	12,835	13,300
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,000	34,000	59,000	64,000	52,800	50,280	58,050	42,000	58,050	62,150	54,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	185	195	405	215	190	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	27,225	12,865	14,360
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,750	14,300	15,200	8,920	7,000	11,100	11,170	10,180	12,060	9,280	9,010	9,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50	45	0	35	20	15	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	3,135	1,540	1,590
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,600	...	7,200	4,800	10,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,500	6,870	8,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	100	55	115	70	40	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	7,205	3,460	3,745
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,000	10,800	8,400	6,200	11,600	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,500	8,540	8,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	435	220	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,595
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	50	40	275	150	125	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	13,095	6,585	6,515
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,500	60,400	73,000	80,000	67,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	78,500	83,000	75,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	80,000	58,000	77,000	80,000	74,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	82,300	87,700	76,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	75	65	140	90	55	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	9,765	4,620	5,145
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	17,200	20,600	28,200	39,600	18,400	18,400	21,000	16,600	26,600	28,600	24,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	22,000	25,000	38,000	44,000	29,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	36,640	38,240	35,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.5	73.0	64.0	90.0	92.0	86.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	87.6	89.0	86.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.0	60.0	52.0	76.0	82.0	68.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	74.2	75.2	73.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	31.4	27.2	36.0	10.1	7.5	13.4	17.8	13.7	23.1	12.4	10.9	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	3.2	x	0.7	0.5	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.9	11.0	8.4	3.0	2.5	3.7	5.4	4.5	6.6	3.4	3.1	3.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	10.4	7.2	2.7	2.2	3.4	4.7	4.0	5.5	3.0	2.8	3.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	460	225	235	655	370	290	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	32,780	16,170	16,610
Without total income	10	0	5	15	5	5	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	970	540	425
With total income	450	220	230	640	360	280	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	31,810	15,630	16,185
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	20	30	15	15	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	2,035	1,005	1,030
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	30	55	35	20	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	2,490	1,245	1,240
$20,000 to $29,999	105	45	55	85	40	45	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	3,670	1,745	1,925
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	70	35	35	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	3,340	1,555	1,785
$40,000 to $49,999	65	30	35	70	40	35	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	3,025	1,445	1,575
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	75	45	35	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	2,625	1,230	1,400
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	55	25	30	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	2,570	1,205	1,360
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	35	15	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	2,535	1,115	1,425
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	35	25	15	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	2,180	1,005	1,175
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	45	20	25	965,950	553,435	412,510	1,940	970	970
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	90	65	30	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	5,405	3,110	2,290
$100,000 to $149,999	15	5	10	75	55	20	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	4,095	2,245	1,845
$150,000 and over	5	0	0	20	15	5	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	1,310	865	445
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	460	225	235	655	370	290	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	32,780	16,170	16,610
Without after-tax income	10	0	5	15	5	5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	955	530	425
With after-tax income	450	220	230	640	360	280	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	31,825	15,640	16,190
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	30	15	15	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	2,130	1,060	1,070
$10,000 to $19,999	65	25	35	60	35	20	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	2,570	1,275	1,295
$20,000 to $29,999	110	45	60	105	55	50	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	4,105	1,960	2,145
$30,000 to $39,999	85	40	40	85	40	45	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	3,870	1,855	2,015
$40,000 to $49,999	60	35	30	110	60	50	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	3,470	1,645	1,830
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	60	35	25	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	3,185	1,530	1,655
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	55	40	15	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	3,290	1,435	1,855
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	55	25	30	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	2,785	1,310	1,475
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	30	15	10	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	2,165	1,115	1,045
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	20	15	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	1,445	745	695
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	30	20	10	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	2,810	1,715	1,100
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	20	15	10	792,455	530,970	261,490	1,720	1,005	710
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	1,095	705	390
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	460	225	235	655	370	290	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	32,780	16,170	16,610
Without employment income	150	60	95	155	85	70	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	6,640	3,330	3,315
With employment income	305	160	145	500	285	220	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	26,135	12,840	13,295
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	30	20	50	25	30	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	2,920	1,400	1,515
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	20	25	15	15	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	1,505	650	850
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	55	25	25	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	2,345	1,080	1,265
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	25	30	15	15	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	1,945	905	1,040
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	35	20	15	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	2,020	1,000	1,020
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	50	35	20	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	1,920	930	990
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	5	40	25	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	1,825	885	945
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	45	20	20	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	2,000	910	1,090
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	30	15	10	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	2,020	880	1,140
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	30	20	10	929,490	539,395	390,095	1,765	850	915
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	35	15	20	760,035	439,505	320,530	1,655	840	820
$100,000 and over	15	5	10	70	55	20	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	4,215	2,515	1,700
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	35	25	10	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	2,375	1,305	1,075
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	35	25	10	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	1,840	1,205	630
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	460	225	235	655	365	290	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	32,775	16,170	16,605
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	215	225	625	355	270	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	31,420	15,430	15,990
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,600	51,200	53,200	49,200	39,200	45,200	34,000	52,000	53,600	50,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	215	225	625	355	270	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	31,435	15,430	16,000
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,200	26,400	42,800	44,800	40,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	46,800	47,600	45,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	195	190	585	325	255	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	29,425	14,390	15,035
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	33,200	25,200	48,400	52,800	44,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	50,000	52,800	47,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	300	155	145	490	280	205	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	26,370	12,955	13,410
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,600	28,200	52,400	52,400	50,000	38,000	44,400	32,800	49,600	52,400	47,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	180	190	405	215	190	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	24,680	11,635	13,045
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	4,280	10,200	3,480	1,860	6,080	4,240	1,960	6,450	2,120	1,020	3,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	20	15	30	15	15	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	2,975	1,500	1,475
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,120	3,680	x	5,200	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	6,800	6,360	7,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	430	220	215	590	320	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,595
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	200	210	555	305	250	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	31,485	15,465	16,020
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	37,200	61,400	62,400	60,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	61,500	64,600	58,450
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	200	210	560	305	255	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	31,500	15,465	16,035
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,800	32,400	49,000	50,400	47,200	42,920	49,000	37,160	52,250	54,300	50,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	190	175	525	280	240	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	29,555	14,515	15,045
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,000	42,800	30,800	60,400	64,000	56,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	59,800	63,650	56,050
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	270	135	135	440	260	180	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	26,505	13,035	13,460
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,000	32,000	60,000	60,800	58,800	50,560	58,800	41,800	56,200	59,900	52,650
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	335	155	180	320	170	145	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	24,875	11,700	13,175
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,280	9,400	12,900	7,450	5,440	9,800	7,950	6,990	8,800	6,810	6,460	7,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	25	0	0	0	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	2,985	1,385	1,600
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,600	...	...	...	...	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,890	6,840	8,800
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	435	220	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,595
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	50	40	265	145	120	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	13,000	6,515	6,480
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	65,500	48,400	74,500	76,500	66,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	74,000	78,500	70,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	78,000	52,000	71,000	73,000	69,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	77,000	82,100	71,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	70	65	140	95	45	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	9,465	4,505	4,960
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	32,800	23,800	43,600	45,200	43,600	24,200	28,000	21,800	29,800	31,800	28,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	33,000	28,000	48,000	49,000	46,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	39,120	40,920	37,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.0	84.0	70.0	93.0	96.0	90.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	91.2	92.4	90.0
Employment income (%)	62.0	68.0	56.0	78.0	84.0	71.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	77.0	78.2	75.8
Government transfers (%)	22.0	15.6	30.0	7.0	4.9	9.6	12.3	8.9	16.9	8.7	7.6	10.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	2.0	x	x	x	x	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,185	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	71,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	60,400	...	...	73,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	75	...	...	245	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	5,620	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,800	...	...	52,400	...	...	41,600	...	...	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	46,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	150	...	...	190	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	11,565	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	69,200	...	...	87,700	...	...	101,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	245	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	5,620	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	53,350	...	...	63,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	49,600	...	...	44,360	...	...	54,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	170	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	11,560	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	146,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	124,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	165,175	...	...	160	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	80	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	274,140	...	...	305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	637,695	...	...	590	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	505,875	...	...	495	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	488,735	...	...	465	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	560,950	...	...	475	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	572,650	...	...	500	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	559,155	...	...	480	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	50	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	905	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	1,015	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	986,460	...	...	1,040	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	921,205	...	...	975	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	844,835	...	...	955	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	140	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	8,620	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	2,110	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	1,580	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	45	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	2,490	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	25	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	2,435	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	186,735	...	...	175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	85	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	125	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	289,545	...	...	305	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	681,900	...	...	610	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	589,110	...	...	555	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	582,275	...	...	495	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	666,675	...	...	585	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	676,995	...	...	540	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	40	...	...	655,100	...	...	550	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	1,135	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	1,280	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	1,220	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	1,150	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	911,515	...	...	1,060	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	95	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	7,300	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	2,130	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	1,735	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	25	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	3,435	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	170	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	10,845	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	110	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	4,420	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	50	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	4,160	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	152,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	142,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	5	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	1,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	80	45	40	300	170	130	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	8,130	4,190	3,945
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	31,400	28,800	47,200	43,200	50,800	38,400	40,000	36,800	48,800	45,600	51,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	28,400	27,800	40,000	37,600	43,200	34,800	36,000	33,600	44,400	41,600	46,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	155	...	...	150	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	10,860	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	144,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	95	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	4,410	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	136,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	40	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	4,190	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	177,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	149,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	1,870	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...	92,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,800	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	40	20	25	290	160	135	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	7,990	4,105	3,885
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	40,000	32,000	57,600	55,000	60,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	59,600	58,100	61,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	32,000	28,000	46,400	45,000	48,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	51,500	49,920	53,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	540	265	270	730	405	325	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	39,585	19,715	19,875
0 to 17 years	95	55	45	80	45	35	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	8,085	4,205	3,875
0 to 5 years	30	15	20	25	15	20	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	2,675	1,350	1,320
18 to 64 years	325	160	170	525	300	225	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	25,750	12,510	13,235
65 years and over	120	60	60	125	65	60	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	5,755	2,995	2,760
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	65	30	30	85	55	35	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	2,990	1,565	1,425
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	5	0	5	854,565	439,490	415,075	625	330	295
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	230	105	125
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	60	35	25	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	1,610	835	780
65 years and over	15	10	10	20	10	10	985,745	391,695	594,050	760	410	350
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.0	11.8	12.4	11.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	7.6	8.0	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	7.7	7.8	7.6
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	30.0	x	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	8.6	7.6	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	12.0	9.0	11.6	13.0	10.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	6.3	6.7	5.9
65 years and over (%)	14.0	10.0	16.0	17.0	20.0	16.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	13.2	13.7	12.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	545	270	270	730	405	325	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	95	55	40	80	45	40	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	30	10	15	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	325	155	170	525	300	225	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	0	0	0
65 years and over	120	60	60	125	60	60	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	0	0	0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	15	65	40	20	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	0	0	0
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	5	0	5	319,545	164,490	155,060	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	50	40	15	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	0	0	0
65 years and over	10	5	5	10	5	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	0	0	0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	8.0	6.0	8.8	10.4	6.4	5.2	5.4	5.0	x	x	x
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	9.0	4.0	10.0	12.0	7.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	x	x	x
65 years and over (%)	8.0	8.0	6.0	6.0	8.0	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	x	x	x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	540	270	270	730	405	320	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	39,585	19,710	19,870
In bottom half of the distribution	315	150	160	360	200	155	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	13,990	7,005	6,990
In bottom decile	65	35	25	80	55	25	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	2,890	1,525	1,360
In second decile	60	30	30	85	45	45	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	2,625	1,295	1,330
In third decile	70	30	40	60	35	30	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	2,710	1,350	1,360
In fourth decile	75	35	35	50	25	25	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	2,680	1,310	1,370
In fifth decile	55	25	30	85	50	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	3,085	1,520	1,570
In top half of the distribution	230	120	115	370	205	165	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	25,595	12,710	12,885
In sixth decile	80	40	35	55	35	25	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	3,440	1,700	1,740
In seventh decile	55	35	25	65	40	30	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	3,965	1,925	2,040
In eighth decile	50	25	25	95	50	50	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	5,025	2,450	2,570
In ninth decile	25	10	15	75	40	35	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	6,260	3,135	3,125
In top decile	15	10	10	75	45	30	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	6,910	3,500	3,410
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	545	...	...	730	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	39,585	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.310	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.393	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.238	...	...	0.269	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	39,840	19,880	19,955
English only	20	5	15	30	10	15	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	33,950	17,125	16,830
French only	200	95	110	185	90	90	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	85	35	50
English and French	305	165	145	515	305	215	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	5,660	2,650	3,005
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	5	5	5	689,725	284,170	405,555	145	75	75
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	39,840	19,880	19,955
English	80	35	45	60	30	30	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	37,720	18,815	18,905
French	405	205	205	625	360	270	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	1,810	910	900
English and French	45	25	25	40	25	20	476,175	237,635	238,535	170	85	85
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	5	5	5	673,100	275,685	397,420	140	70	70
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	39,840	19,880	19,955
Single responses	500	245	255	715	400	310	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	38,490	19,225	19,265
Official languages	260	130	130	575	330	245	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	33,780	16,995	16,785
English	35	15	20	30	15	10	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	31,995	16,085	15,910
French	225	110	115	545	315	230	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	1,785	915	870
Non-official languages	240	120	120	135	70	65	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	4,705	2,230	2,485
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	325	125	200
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	20	10	10
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	15	5	10
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	15	5	10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	5	5	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	290	115	170
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	235	90	145
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	5	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	55	20	35
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	60	35	20
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	60	35	20
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	115	35	80
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	40	15	15
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	10	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	10	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	5	0	5
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	10	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	5	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	240	120	120	135	70	65	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	4,380	2,100	2,280
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	30	15	15	698,355	359,625	338,730	90	60	35
Berber languages	25	10	15	5	5	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	25	10	10	5	5	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	30	25	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	5	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	30	25	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0
Semitic languages	40	20	25	25	10	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	60	30	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	15	5	5
Arabic	40	20	25	10	5	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	40	20	15
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	5	5	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	5	5	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	65	30	35
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0	0	0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	5	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	65	30	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	5	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	1,265	550	715
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	5	0	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	20	10	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	80	30	50
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	10	5	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	70	30	40
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	50	20	35
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	10	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	20	10	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	985	435	550
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	10	5	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	5	0	0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	15	5	10
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	100	65	45
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	75	40	30
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	15	15	5
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	10	5	0
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	55	60	50	30	25	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	2,130	1,125	1,010
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	10	5	5
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	10	0	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	280	140	135
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	5	0	5
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	5	5	5
Slavic languages	20	10	10	10	0	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	275	140	135
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	70	40	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0
Polish	5	5	5	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	50	20	25
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	75	40	35
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	20	10	15
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	5	0	5
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	15	10	5
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	10	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	15	5	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	5	0	5
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	40	20	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205	5	0	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	15	5	5
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Germanic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	870	445	430
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	715	365	345
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	600	305	300
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	115	65	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	115	55	60
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	10	5	5
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	105	50	50
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	5	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	35	20	20
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	10	5	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480	5	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	10	5	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	15	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	5	5	5
Greek	5	0	5	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	5	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	645	365	280
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	620	350	270
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	35	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	45	30	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	65	35	30
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	5	5	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	410	235	170
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	60	30	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	25	15	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	5	5	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	20	10	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	15	10	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0	0	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	40	40	20	20	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	300	150	155
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0
Italian	30	10	20	5	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	30	20	10
Portuguese	15	10	5	10	5	5	240,680	115,235	125,450	25	15	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	10	5	5
Spanish	30	15	10	20	15	10	538,870	259,500	279,375	235	110	125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	135	50	90
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	65	20	45
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	108,295	52,850	55,440	45	20	20
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	5	5	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	5	5	5
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	5	0	5
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	10	0	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	10	0	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	10	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	5	5	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	10	10	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	30	10	15	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	345	130	210
Chinese languages	15	10	5	30	10	15	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	345	130	210
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	10	679,255	310,750	368,510	130	50	80
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	15	10	5	553,380	255,540	297,835	200	75	120
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	10	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	22,350	8,605	13,745	30	5	25
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	5	10,455	2,960	7,495	30	5	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	5	0	5
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	60	30	35
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	15	5	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	45	25	20
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	15	20	10	10	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	1,355	660	695
English and French	10	5	0	5	0	0	291,325	142,420	148,905	440	225	210
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	921,480	450,685	470,800	785	375	410
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	15	10	5	117,910	57,875	60,040	15	15	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	35	15	15
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	80	30	50
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	39,840	19,880	19,955
English	40	15	25	25	20	10	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	33,040	16,645	16,395
French	200	100	100	510	290	215	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	740	355	385
Non-official language	55	25	30	35	20	15	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	955	490	470
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	15	5	15
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	35	20	15	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	940	480	460
English and French	35	20	15	60	30	25	953,760	465,560	488,205	1,275	640	630
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	10	5	5	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	3,555	1,625	1,930
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	50	30	25	395,320	188,195	207,125	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	40	20	20	455,760	217,995	237,770	175	80	95
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	5	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	80	40	45
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	39,840	19,880	19,955
Single responses	460	220	240	700	390	310	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	38,955	19,470	19,480
Official languages	355	175	175	630	360	275	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	36,715	18,370	18,345
English	60	25	35	45	25	20	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	35,685	17,865	17,815
French	290	150	145	590	335	255	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	1,035	505	530
Non-official languages	110	45	60	70	35	40	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	2,235	1,100	1,135
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	25	10	20
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	20	10	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	15	5	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	5	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	5	0	5
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	45	60	70	35	40	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	2,210	1,090	1,120
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	10	10	5	395,840	197,010	198,830	40	20	15
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	15	10	5
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	10	10	5
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	15	5	10	10	10	5	352,790	176,270	176,520	25	10	10
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	5	5	5
Arabic	15	5	10	5	5	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	15	10	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	30	10	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	30	10	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	800	380	420
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	10	5	5
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	50	25	30
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	5	5	5
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	55	25	30
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	20	10	15
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	5	5	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	645	310	335
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0
Creole languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	85	50	35
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	5	5	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	65	35	25
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	15	10	10
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	5	5	5
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	30	10	15	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	880	465	420
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	80	45	30
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	75	45	30
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	20	10	5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	5	0	5	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	5	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	45	25	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	5	0	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	5	0	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	10	5	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	195	100	95
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	185	90	95
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	125	65	60
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	55	30	30
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	10	5	5
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	5	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	5	0	0	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	495	275	225
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	485	270	215
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	35	15	20
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	35	20	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	35	20	20
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	335	190	150
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	40	25	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	10	5	5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	10	5	5
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	20	5	10	577,735	273,965	303,770	105	50	60
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	15	5	10	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	5	5	5
Portuguese	10	5	5	10	5	5	118,730	56,685	62,045	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	0
Spanish	15	5	5	10	0	5	317,365	155,005	162,360	100	45	55
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	75	30	45
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	25	5	15
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	38,600	18,055	20,545	5	0	5
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	10	5	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	5	5	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	20	15	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	25	10	15	967,965	450,210	517,755	225	100	125
Chinese languages	10	5	5	25	10	15	955,685	444,115	511,565	225	100	125
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	10	530,945	249,675	281,270	75	35	40
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	15	10	5	393,430	180,000	213,435	140	60	80
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	5	5	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	5	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	5	5	5
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	5	5	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Multiple responses	80	50	30	35	20	15	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	885	410	480
English and French	10	0	5	10	5	5	230,955	112,070	118,880	245	125	120
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	5	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	600	265	335
French and non-official language(s)	60	40	20	20	10	10	125,525	60,405	65,125	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	10	5	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	25	10	15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	545	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	39,840	19,880	19,960
None	350	175	175	600	340	260	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	35,465	17,825	17,640
English	50	25	25	40	25	20	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	1,260	605	655
French	30	15	20	20	10	10	571,040	268,530	302,510	800	400	400
Non-official language	65	30	30	30	15	15	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	1,810	820	990
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	365	160	200
Non-Indigenous	65	30	30	30	15	15	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	1,450	660	785
English and French	10	0	5	15	5	10	86,185	42,600	43,585	15	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	25	15	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	220	110	105
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	0	5	134,565	61,575	72,995	85	40	50
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	175	75	100
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	520	270	250	660	355	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	39,585	19,715	19,875
Official languages	510	265	245	655	355	295	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	39,430	19,635	19,795
English	315	185	130	490	260	225	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	39,345	19,605	19,740
French	480	250	230	630	350	280	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	5,740	2,630	3,110
Non-official languages	355	195	160	210	110	100	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	7,425	3,525	3,900
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	815	385	430
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	40	10	30
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	40	10	30
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	35	10	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	10	0	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	10	0	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	25	10	15
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	10	0	10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	10	0	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	10	0	10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	705	330	375
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	570	250	320
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	70	20	50
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	20	10	15
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	10	0	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	10	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	200	115	85
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	200	110	85
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	280	115	165
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	130	50	75
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	130	55	75
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	30	20	10
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	95	50	50
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	50	35	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	55	30	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	40	30	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	20	10	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	10	10	10
Non-Indigenous languages	355	195	160	210	110	100	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	6,625	3,140	3,485
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	25	10	15	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	95	50	45
Berber languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	10	0
Kabyle	25	10	15	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	20	10	10
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	20	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	25	10	15	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	70	45	30
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	10	0	10
Arabic	60	30	30	25	0	10	838,045	436,510	401,540	35	20	10
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	10	0	10
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	10	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	10	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	70	30	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	65	20	45
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	1,680	745	940
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	20	0	15
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	35	20	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	195	85	110
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	30	25	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	115	40	75
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	105	45	60
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	25	10	15
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	15	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	1,540	675	865
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	25	0	20
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	30	10	20
Creole languages	40	25	20	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	25	10	20
Haitian Creole	40	25	20	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	15	10	10
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	15	0	10
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	195	80	110
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	140	55	85
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	45	15	20
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	35	20	15
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	215	125	95	95	55	40	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	3,735	1,925	1,815
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	325	160	165
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	325	160	165
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	90	55	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	55	30	25
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	90	50	40
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	20	15	10
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	20	10	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	45	10	35
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	20	10	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	65	30	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	30	15	15
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	15	10	10
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	10	0	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	10	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	658,705	319,800	338,905	1,340	685	655
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	1,105	575	530
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	1,060	565	500
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	95	35	60
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	175	95	85
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	165	85	80
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	10	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	115	55	65
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	30	15	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	10	10	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	40	15	25
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	55	25	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	10	10	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	45	35	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	820	490	330
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	795	475	325
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	65	45	20
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	465	290	180
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	15	0	0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	490	270	225
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	10	10	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	135	100	40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	30	20	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	10	10	0
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	15	10	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	10	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	10
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	95	75	75	40	30	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	1,320	605	715
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0
Italian	100	50	50	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	60	30	25
Portuguese	25	15	10	15	15	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	25	20	10
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	30	10	15
Spanish	60	35	25	60	35	25	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	1,235	555	680
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	10	10	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	185	100	90
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	80	10	70
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	267,520	131,495	136,025	125	75	55
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	15	10	15
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	10	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	20	10	10
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	15	15	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	55	30	25
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	10	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	75	20	55
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	70	20	50
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	40	20	25	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	485	215	270
Chinese languages	30	15	15	40	20	25	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	485	215	270
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	10	20	987,300	452,995	534,305	260	115	140
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	15	10	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	285	110	175
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	10	10	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	25	0	25
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	25	0	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	25	20	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	25	20	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	80	35	40
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	15	0	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	60	30	30
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	39,590	19,710	19,875
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	8,810	4,190	4,615
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	8,485	4,035	4,445
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	6,935	3,320	3,615
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	1,285	600	685
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	260	115	150
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	190	95	95
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	135	60	75
Non-Indigenous identity	515	265	245	655	355	300	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	30,780	15,520	15,255
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	39,590	19,710	19,875
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	6,145	2,950	3,190
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	515	265	255	660	360	305	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	33,445	16,765	16,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Owner	90	...	...	245	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	11,065	...	...
Renter	110	...	...	170	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	5,530	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	585	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	290	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	2,055	...	...
Not condominium	190	...	...	125	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	15,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	60	...	...	132,060	...	...	245	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	155	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	2,885	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	130	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	4,705	...	...
3 bedrooms	110	...	...	60	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	5,995	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	10	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	3,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	65	...	...	305	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	6,360	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	55	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	3,025	...	...
6 rooms	55	...	...	30	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	2,615	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	15	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	1,945	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	15	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	3,230	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
One person or fewer per room	190	...	...	405	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	16,775	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	10	...	...	353,715	...	...	400	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Suitable	180	...	...	395	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	16,260	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	15	...	...	805,650	...	...	920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	90	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	1,275	...	...
1961 to 1980	150	...	...	50	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	4,705	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	25	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	2,365	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	200	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	2,820	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	30	...	...	959,860	...	...	990	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	1,420	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	15	...	...	967,540	...	...	1,625	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	1,975	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	385	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	15,075	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	25	...	...	919,545	...	...	2,105	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
One-maintainer household	90	...	...	280	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	9,080	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	130	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	7,200	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0	...	...	687,485	...	...	900	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	424,695	...	...	425	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	115	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	2,795	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	80	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	3,345	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	50	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	3,050	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	75	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	3,645	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	65	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	2,725	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	10	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	935	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	260	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	415	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	16,490	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	155	...	...	310	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	13,825	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	100	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	2,665	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	95	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	2,470	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	17,180	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	140	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	5,190	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	95	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	2,280	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	15	...	...	595,110	...	...	725	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	20	...	...	645,465	...	...	1,655	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	80	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	330	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	105	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	10	...	...
Acceptable housing	135	...	...	275	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	11,995	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	200	...	...	410	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	16,295	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	40	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	2,135	...	...
Not in core need	175	...	...	370	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	14,160	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	245	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	11,000	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	69.4	...	...	60.0	...	...	59.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.4	...	...	14.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,270	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,460	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,560	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	730,000	...	...	408,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	488,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	165	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	5,530	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	24.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	27.3	...	...	33.2	...	...	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	15.2	...	...	20.0	...	...	23.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	910	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	720	...	...	1,010	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,290	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	585	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	515	265	255	660	355	305	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	39,585	19,710	19,875
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	4,750	2,300	2,455
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	4,565	2,225	2,340
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	4,275	2,080	2,190
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	155	85	70
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	135	60	75
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	190	75	110
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	120	40	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	60	35	25
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	4,395	2,095	2,300
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	4,300	2,035	2,270
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	10	801,630	384,550	417,075	3,305	1,585	1,725
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	885	400	485
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	105	50	55
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	95	60	35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	65	40	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	25	15	10
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	515	265	250	640	350	295	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	30,440	15,320	15,120
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	520	265	250	660	355	300	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	39,585	19,715	19,875
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	490	250	240	550	300	250	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	36,545	18,160	18,385
Canadian citizens aged under 18	90	50	40	60	35	25	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	7,910	4,115	3,795
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	395	195	200	490	265	225	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	28,640	14,045	14,595
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	35	20	10	110	55	55	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	3,045	1,560	1,485
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	520	265	250	660	355	300	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	39,585	19,715	19,875
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	280	140	140	465	250	215	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	33,280	16,680	16,600
Immigrants⁸¹	235	125	110	115	65	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	5,385	2,550	2,835
Before 1980	70	30	40	20	15	10	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	1,100	545	545
1980 to 1990	40	20	15	0	0	0	924,320	443,805	480,520	390	185	200
1991 to 2000	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	680	275	410
2001 to 2010	55	35	20	60	30	30	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	1,055	495	565
2011 to 2021⁸²	50	30	25	20	15	10	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	2,160	1,050	1,110
2011 to 2015	45	25	25	15	0	10	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	1,030	480	550
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	1,125	565	560
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	85	40	40	924,850	499,490	425,365	925	490	440
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	235	130	110	115	65	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	5,385	2,545	2,835
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	10	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	455	225	235
5 to 14 years	35	25	10	0	0	0	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	840	410	430
15 to 24 years	65	35	35	35	15	15	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	1,030	495	535
25 to 44 years	110	50	55	65	35	30	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	2,610	1,200	1,405
45 years and over	25	15	10	10	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	445	220	225
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	235	130	110	115	65	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	5,385	2,545	2,835
Americas	65	35	30	25	20	10	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	775	370	405
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	10	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	15	0	15
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0
Haiti	40	25	15	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	40	15	25
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	65	35	30
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	10	0	0
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	530	275	255
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	100	40	60
Europe	80	45	40	45	25	20	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	1,890	955	935
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	20	15	0
France	10	0	0	40	25	15	121,525	63,845	57,685	175	90	85
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	475	225	245
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	10	10	0
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	25	15	10
Italy	35	20	15	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	10	10	0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	100	55	45
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	35	20	15
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	10	10	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	30	10	20
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	40	20	15
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	20	10	10
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	525	225	295
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	430	235	190
Africa	65	35	35	15	10	10	821,735	412,365	409,375	200	105	95
Algeria	50	30	25	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	10	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	10	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	10	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	15	0	10
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	10	10	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	30	20	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	15	10	10
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	15	0	15
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	10	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	100	55	50
Asia	25	15	15	30	15	15	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	2,380	1,050	1,330
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	10	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	15	10	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	15	15	715,835	317,970	397,860	230	85	150
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	30	0	20
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	65	15	55
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	15	10	10
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	1,405	610	795
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	40	0	35
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	360	205	155
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	55	40	20
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	15	10	10
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	125	50	75
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	140	65	75
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	1,125	570	555
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	140	70	70
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	15	0	10
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	40	20	20
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	40	20	25
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	35	15	15
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	260	140	115
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	40	30	15
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	75	30	45
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	10	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	55	25	25
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	80	50	30
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	60	40	20
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	0	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	15	15	0
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	20	10	0
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	630	300	325
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	30	10	20
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	260	155	100
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	40	15	20
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	25	10	20
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	25	15	10
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	230	95	140
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	15	0	15
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	35	20	20
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	25	10	20
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	10	10	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	520	265	250	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	39,585	19,710	19,875
First generation¹⁰⁰	240	125	115	210	115	90	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	6,650	3,175	3,475
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	85	80	70	35	35	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	6,335	3,140	3,195
Third generation or more¹⁰²	115	50	65	380	200	180	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	26,600	13,395	13,205
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	165	95	75	95	55	40	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	4,285	1,995	2,285
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	85	50	35	85	45	35	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	2,955	1,445	1,505
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	25	10	45	25	15	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	1,580	815	765
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	25	30	40	20	25	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	1,375	635	740
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	60	30	35	10	0	0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	1,155	465	690
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	20	0	0	0	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	140	75	70
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	30	15	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	165	95	75	95	55	40	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	4,285	1,995	2,285
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	0	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	85	35	45
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	20	0	15	705,405	324,370	381,035	1,230	580	650
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	85	40	45
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	385	180	215
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	15	10	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	135	75	65	65	45	20	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	2,480	1,160	1,320
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	39,590	19,710	19,875
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	165	95	75	145	75	70	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	5,065	2,355	2,710
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	1,035	570	465
Chinese	0	0	0	40	15	20	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	640	295	350
Black	60	35	35	35	25	15	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	560	275	290
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	1,945	820	1,120
Arab	15	15	0	30	10	15	694,015	362,845	331,170	20	10	10
Latin American	30	15	15	20	15	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	235	110	125
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	10	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	170	65	100
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	25	15	15
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	85	20	70
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	175	90	85
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	25	10	15
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	140	75	70
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	350	175	175	515	285	235	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	34,520	17,360	17,160
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	520	265	250	660	355	300	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	39,585	19,715	19,870
Canadian	10	0	0	145	80	60	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	4,680	2,405	2,275
English	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	9,105	4,355	4,750
Irish	0	0	0	30	20	15	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	7,440	3,705	3,735
Scottish	0	0	0	15	0	10	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	8,375	4,205	4,170
French, n.o.s.¹²²	60	20	30	265	150	115	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	4,245	2,010	2,230
German	0	0	0	20	0	15	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	5,325	2,710	2,615
Chinese	40	30	15	30	10	20	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	835	385	450
Italian	130	70	60	35	20	15	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	710	355	355
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	710	380	335
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	0	10	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	1,975	920	1,050
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	1,825	880	945
Polish	10	0	10	10	0	10	982,820	472,290	510,525	985	450	535
Québécois	25	20	10	55	30	25	981,635	490,130	491,510	155	80	80
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	10	10	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	1,330	640	685
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	1,780	745	1,030
French Canadian	10	0	10	30	10	20	906,315	441,610	464,705	600	310	290
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	15	10	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	940	480	460
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15	0	10	632,340	304,220	328,120	3,545	1,720	1,825
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	1,235	565	670
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	955	500	450
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	660	285	375
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	1,490	725	765
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	1,150	505	640
Portuguese	30	10	20	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	95	65	35
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	655	345	305
Spanish	30	15	10	30	15	15	342,040	160,475	181,570	395	195	195
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	865	435	430
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	400	195	205
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	260	115	145
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	85	70	15
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	10	0	10	301,955	148,335	153,625	80	30	50
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	230	105	125
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	145	80	60
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	90	35	60
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	20	0	15	263,710	138,210	125,500	40	30	10
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	65	50	15
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	70	30	50
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	200	95	105
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	455	180	275
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	100	25	70
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	180	65	115
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	85	50	35
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	20	15	10
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	65	15	45
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	440	225	215
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	500	275	225
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	115	50	65
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	310	175	130
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	305	165	140
Haitian	45	20	25	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	10	0	0
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	45	25	20
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	145	95	55
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	235	120	115
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	435	235	200
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	370	175	190
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	20	20	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	130	60	75
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	275	125	150
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	55	25	30
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	245	115	130
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	35	35	0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	10	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	10	0	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	25	0	20
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	10	0	10
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	245	115	130
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	25	0	25
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	220	125	90
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	0	0	0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	20	10	10
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	60	25	35
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	25	15	10
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	100	35	65
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	135	65	70
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	85	45	45
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	20	0	10
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	15	10	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	190	100	90
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0	0	0
Algerian	15	10	10	15	10	10	73,770	38,035	35,740	20	10	10
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	10	0	0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	45	20	25
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	15	10	10
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	115	35	75
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	95	45	45
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	20	10	10
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	25	10	15
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	15	10	0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	10	0	10
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	20	0	15
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	100	45	55
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	30	10	15
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	100	40	60
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	20	0	10
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	80	30	55
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	75	35	40
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	65	40	25
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	25	15	10
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0
Berber	20	0	15	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	10	10	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	40	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	20	15	10
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	30	15	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	45	20	25
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	30	10	15
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	25	15	10
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	10	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	70	50	25
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	30	25	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	15	15	0
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	30	10	15
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	75	20	55
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	10	10	0
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	25	15	10
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	35	25	10
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	80	45	35
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	10	0	10
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	40	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0	0	0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	35	20	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	80	25	55
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	55	25	30
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	65	35	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	90	45	45
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	40	20	25
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	10	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	10	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	10	10	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	35	25	15
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	30	20	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	45	20	35
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	10	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	15	10	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	40	0	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	50	15	35
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	15	0	10
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	20	10	10
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	50	25	25
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	25	10	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	15	0	10
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	10	0	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	25	20	10
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	20	0	10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	10	0	10
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	25	15	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	10	0	10
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	40	15	25
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	15	0	10
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	15	10	10
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	10	0	0
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	35	20	10
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	10	0	10
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	10	10	0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	25	0	20
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	25	10	15
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	20	10	15
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	10	10	10
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	39,590	19,710	19,875
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	260	110	150
Christian	365	185	180	320	170	150	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	13,860	6,425	7,435
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	60	30	30	45	25	25	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	2,560	1,210	1,355
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	50	35	15
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	1,995	920	1,075
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	645	295	345
Catholic	230	115	115	250	130	125	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	5,690	2,645	3,050
Christian Orthodox	20	15	10	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	130	85	50
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	135	60	75
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	70	30	40
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	395	180	210
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	105	60	45
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	270	115	155
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	125	45	85
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	35	20	20
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	955	385	565
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	35	20	15	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	700	345	350
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	265	160	105
Jewish	0	0	0	10	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	70	45	25
Muslim	60	25	30	35	15	20	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	185	125	60
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	380	185	200
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	325	165	160
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	600	240	360
No religion and secular perspectives	85	45	35	290	165	130	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	23,640	12,255	11,385
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	520	265	250	655	350	300	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	39,175	19,520	19,655
Non-movers	505	255	250	580	325	255	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	33,205	16,705	16,505
Movers	10	10	0	75	25	45	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	5,965	2,815	3,150
Non-migrants	10	10	0	60	25	40	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	3,895	1,815	2,085
Migrants	0	0	0	15	0	10	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	2,070	1,000	1,070
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	1,825	910	915
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	480	220	260
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	1,340	685	655
External migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	293,955	147,585	146,370	245	95	150
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	490	260	230	650	350	300	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	37,410	18,645	18,765
Non-movers	350	180	175	315	180	135	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	20,500	10,360	10,140
Movers	140	75	60	340	170	170	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	16,910	8,290	8,625
Non-migrants	100	55	45	180	80	105	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	7,920	3,965	3,955
Migrants	40	25	15	155	90	65	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	8,990	4,320	4,665
Internal migrants	35	20	15	75	50	20	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	7,490	3,520	3,970
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	15	70	50	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	2,465	1,155	1,310
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	921,345	459,695	461,650	5,020	2,360	2,660
External migrants	0	0	0	80	35	45	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	1,505	805	700
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	220	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,595
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	105	55	50	40	20	15	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	5,840	3,570	2,265
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	165	165	555	300	255	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	26,940	12,610	14,330
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	120	120	450	240	210	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	22,895	10,955	11,940
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	20	10	15	0	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	2,815	1,770	1,050
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	100	115	440	235	205	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	20,075	9,180	10,895
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	215	215	595	320	270	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,590
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	45	50	40	20	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	4,860	2,905	1,950
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	55	45	90	60	30	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	8,370	4,205	4,165
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	235	120	120	465	240	225	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	19,555	9,070	10,480
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	70	75	135	85	55	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	10,585	5,450	5,135
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	45	15	50	30	20	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	3,145	2,500	645
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	35	15	30	15	20	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	1,095	685	410
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	20	20	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	2,050	1,815	235
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	20	60	70	40	25	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	6,270	2,490	3,785
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	1,170	460	710
Bachelor's degree or higher	95	55	45	330	165	165	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	8,965	3,620	5,345
Bachelor's degree	65	30	35	180	85	95	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	5,625	2,300	3,330
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	40	20	20	556,510	243,200	313,310	520	185	340
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	0	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	160	75	85
Master's degree	20	10	10	95	40	50	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	2,415	925	1,485
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	245	135	110
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	115	120	455	240	215	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	22,895	10,950	11,945
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	15	0	10	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	2,230	1,385	845
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	20	15	65	40	30	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	5,180	2,715	2,465
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	185	85	100	375	195	180	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	15,490	6,855	8,635
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	45	60	95	55	45	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	7,950	3,960	3,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	0	45	25	20	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	2,195	1,715	475
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	20	0	25	10	20	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	740	445	290
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	15	15	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	1,460	1,275	185
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	10	50	45	25	25	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	4,855	1,905	2,955
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	900	340	560
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	45	35	275	140	135	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	7,540	2,900	4,645
Bachelor's degree	45	20	30	155	80	75	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	4,695	1,845	2,850
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	40	15	20	430,875	179,230	251,645	445	165	280
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	125	55	70
Master's degree	15	15	10	75	40	35	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	2,090	730	1,360
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	185	100	85
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	430	215	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	32,780	16,180	16,595
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	195	100	90	130	80	50	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	13,225	7,110	6,115
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	1,635	460	1,180
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	1,635	460	1,180
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	15	35	15	25	631,255	274,065	357,190	530	190	340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	40	25	15
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	15	25	0	25	556,470	220,680	335,790	490	165	325
Humanities	10	10	0	40	20	25	926,560	354,120	572,440	1,075	445	625
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	110	35	75
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	200	75	130
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	20	15	10	316,050	119,215	196,830	355	150	210
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	20	10	15
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	50	30	25
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	110	65	45
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	180	80	95
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	10	56,440	14,090	42,345	35	0	30
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	20	75	30	50	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	2,600	910	1,690
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	60	20	45
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	25	10	15	233,400	88,205	145,200	280	140	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	455	60	390
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	20	10	10	325,785	115,335	210,445	295	105	185
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	105	35	75
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	0	10	327,965	79,295	248,665	350	85	265
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	20	10	10	705,540	336,960	368,580	1,055	470	585
Business, management and public administration	75	40	35	105	55	50	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	3,495	995	2,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	605	170	440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	40	35	105	55	50	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	2,890	825	2,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	30	15	15	719,715	353,540	366,175	975	500	470
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	10	297,055	121,615	175,435	450	215	230
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	190	90	105
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	35	25	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	250	150	105
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	50	20	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	20	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	480	280	205
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30	20	10	643,145	454,370	188,775	350	215	135
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	65	10	50
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	55	40	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	85	65	15	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	3,880	3,445	435
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	170	100	70
14. Engineering	0	0	0	50	40	15	900,475	723,080	177,395	605	455	150
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	625	550	70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	15	15	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	1,255	1,160	90
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	965	930	40
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	255	245	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	1,070	580	490
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	260	145	110
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	810	430	385
Health and related fields	25	10	15	35	10	25	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	2,475	545	1,930
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	300	130	170
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	15	30	10	25	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	2,120	385	1,735
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	10	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	45	15	30
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	10	15	0	10	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	1,335	725	610
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	15	10	15	0	10	548,520	151,115	397,410	710	265	445
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	290	160	135
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	330	295	35
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	240	115	120	450	240	210	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	22,895	10,955	11,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50	30	20	80	45	35	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	7,405	4,100	3,305
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	1,255	355	900
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	1,255	355	900
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	20	10	10	490,455	210,500	279,955	415	145	270
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	35	20	10
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	15	0	10	435,815	172,330	263,480	385	130	255
Humanities	10	0	0	20	0	20	649,695	241,235	408,465	780	300	475
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	80	15	60
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	150	50	95
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	216,725	80,505	136,220	240	85	150
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	20	10	10
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	40	25	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	75	45	30
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	145	60	90
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	30	0	25
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	15	55	20	30	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	2,165	690	1,475
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	45	0	40
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	10	15	196,475	72,125	124,350	245	110	140
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	335	40	300
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	10	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	255	80	180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	100	30	70
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	295	70	230
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	15	10	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	885	350	530
Business, management and public administration	65	40	30	100	50	50	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	2,775	730	2,045
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	480	110	370
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	40	30	100	50	50	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	2,295	620	1,675
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	20	10	15	513,555	241,780	271,785	825	395	425
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	227,460	90,390	137,075	395	185	205
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	160	70	100
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	20	20	0
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	205	115	95
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	40	10	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	20	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	435	260	175
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30	20	10	554,185	392,835	161,350	320	205	115
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	55	10	45
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	45	30	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	75	60	15	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	2,825	2,460	365
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	140	75	65
14. Engineering	0	0	0	50	40	15	724,235	568,385	155,850	510	380	130
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	440	390	50
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	15	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	915	840	80
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	685	655	30
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	135	125	10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	905	445	460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	210	105	105
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	695	340	355
Health and related fields	25	0	20	25	10	15	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	2,070	495	1,570
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	255	120	130
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	25	10	15	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	1,785	365	1,420
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	30	0	20
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	10	10	10	0	10	772,450	399,835	372,615	1,050	575	475
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	10	10	10	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590	560	225	325
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	250	125	125
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	245	220	25
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	240	115	120	450	240	210	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	22,895	10,955	11,940
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50	30	20	80	45	35	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	7,405	4,100	3,305
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	185	85	100	375	195	180	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	15,490	6,855	8,635
Location of study inside Canada	135	60	75	275	145	125	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	12,730	5,645	7,090
Same as province or territory of residence	130	55	75	265	145	125	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	2,880	1,240	1,640
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	9,850	4,405	5,445
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	50	30	25	100	50	50	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	2,760	1,215	1,545
Americas	20	15	0	20	10	10	483,810	238,040	245,775	490	210	275
United States of America	10	10	0	10	0	10	279,005	143,575	135,435	405	175	230
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	35	15	20
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	20	15	10
Europe	0	0	0	60	30	25	543,725	281,205	262,520	920	420	495
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	40	10	25
France	0	0	0	45	25	20	97,770	53,930	43,840	155	85	65
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	215	100	110
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	50	20	25
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	75	40	35
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	10	10	0
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	15	0	0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	15	10	0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	15	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	205	65	140
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	130	55	75
Africa	25	0	15	15	10	10	216,815	111,010	105,805	65	35	25
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	30	30	10
Algeria	25	0	15	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	10	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	15	10	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	25	10	15
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	1,160	475	685
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	20	15	0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	40	15	25
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	20	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	45	15	35
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	20	0	15
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	730	280	445
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	15	0	15
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	200	90	100
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	35	25	15
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	30	15	15
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	130	65	60
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	95	50	50
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	10	10	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	20	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	430	215	215	595	320	270	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	32,775	16,185	16,595
In the labour force	240	130	115	430	245	185	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	23,515	11,580	11,935
Employed	220	115	105	405	225	175	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	21,905	10,730	11,175
Unemployed	20	10	10	25	15	10	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	1,610	850	760
Not in the labour force	190	90	100	165	80	85	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	9,260	4,605	4,660
Participation rate	55.8	60.5	53.5	72.3	76.6	68.5	63.7	67.7	59.8	71.7	71.5	71.9
Employment rate	51.2	53.5	48.8	68.1	70.3	64.8	57.1	60.9	53.4	66.8	66.3	67.3
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.7	8.7	5.8	6.1	5.4	10.3	9.9	10.7	6.8	7.3	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	430	215	215	595	320	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	32,780	16,180	16,595
Did not work¹⁸⁶	190	85	105	155	70	80	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	8,935	4,395	4,540
Worked	245	135	110	440	250	190	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	23,845	11,785	12,055
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	100	55	45	280	150	125	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	13,415	6,755	6,655
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	145	80	65	165	100	65	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	10,430	5,030	5,400
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	38.0	42.4	43.6	43.8	43.4	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.8	41.8	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	240	130	110	430	245	185	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	23,520	11,585	11,940
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	380	200	180
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	235	125	110	420	240	185	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	23,140	11,380	11,755
Employee	215	115	100	355	195	155	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	19,945	9,495	10,455
Permanent position	190	100	95	320	185	135	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	15,505	7,415	8,095
Temporary position	20	15	10	30	15	15	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	4,440	2,080	2,360
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	15	0	10	0	0	867,740	386,965	480,775	1,395	645	750
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	0	10	20	0	15	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	3,050	1,440	1,610
Self-employed¹⁹²	15	10	0	70	45	25	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	3,190	1,890	1,305
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	240	130	110	430	245	185	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	23,520	11,585	11,940
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	380	200	180
All occupations¹⁹¹	235	125	110	420	240	185	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	23,140	11,380	11,755
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	420	185	235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	15	30	95	45	50	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	4,215	1,010	3,210
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	90	60	35	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	1,635	1,140	500
3 Health occupations	40	10	30	30	10	20	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	1,525	290	1,235
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	10	15	55	20	30	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	4,420	1,460	2,965
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	30	15	15	596,785	275,420	321,360	805	355	450
6 Sales and service occupations	75	50	20	75	35	40	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	4,735	2,230	2,500
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	20	0	35	35	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	4,270	3,875	395
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	715	525	190
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0	15	20	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	400	325	70
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	240	130	110	430	245	185	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	23,520	11,585	11,940
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	380	200	180
All industries¹⁹¹	235	125	110	420	240	185	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	23,140	11,380	11,755
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	365	220	145
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	675	495	180
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	215	165	45
23 Construction	15	15	0	45	40	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	2,045	1,790	255
31-33 Manufacturing	20	15	10	30	20	10	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	300	210	90
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	15	10	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	290	200	90
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	10	35	20	10	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	2,230	1,260	970
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	0	0	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	865	590	275
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	25	10	10	400,460	237,940	162,520	555	305	245
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	40	25	20	815,225	358,145	457,080	320	125	195
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	10	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	300	170	135
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	80	40	40	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	1,240	655	585
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	0	10	0	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	610	410	200
61 Educational services	20	15	0	25	0	15	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	1,730	490	1,240
62 Health care and social assistance	50	10	40	40	20	30	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	2,745	570	2,180
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	10	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	635	280	355
72 Accommodation and food services	20	15	10	10	10	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	1,285	560	725
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	15	0	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	945	440	505
91 Public administration	0	0	0	20	15	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	5,785	2,450	3,330
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	275	150	125	455	260	200	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	25,520	12,575	12,945
English	15	10	0	55	25	35	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	24,080	11,965	12,110
French	120	70	50	240	155	85	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	225	60	165
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	60	35	25
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	60	35	25
English and French	115	55	60	150	80	75	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	705	320	385
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	425	190	235
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	30	0	25
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	275	150	125	455	260	200	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	25,520	12,575	12,945
Single responses	235	125	110	430	255	180	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	25,380	12,510	12,865
Official languages	225	120	105	430	255	175	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	25,290	12,460	12,830
English	40	30	10	85	40	45	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	24,970	12,370	12,600
French	190	95	100	345	215	130	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	315	90	230
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	95	50	40
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	15	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	15	0	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	10	0	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	75	50	30
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	25	20	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	15	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	15	0	0
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	10	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	50	25	20
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	50	25	20
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	45	20	20
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	15	25	0	20	453,880	231,205	222,675	140	65	75
English and French	40	25	15	25	0	20	321,975	163,305	158,675	90	35	50
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	50	30	25
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	275	150	125	455	260	200	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	25,520	12,575	12,945
None	170	100	70	320	180	140	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	24,485	12,125	12,360
English	65	25	45	110	60	45	902,625	474,755	427,875	125	45	85
French	25	15	0	25	15	10	589,755	288,955	300,800	540	255	285
Non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	345	145	200
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	125	50	75
Non-Indigenous	15	0	0	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	220	95	130
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	15	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	220	115	105	405	225	175	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	21,905	10,730	11,175
Worked at home	30	15	20	150	85	65	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	2,495	1,105	1,385
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	15	10	0
No fixed workplace address	25	25	0	15	10	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	2,615	1,965	650
Usual place of work	165	80	90	240	135	105	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	16,785	7,645	9,135
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	80	85	240	135	105	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	16,780	7,645	9,130
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	145	65	80	180	105	80	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	13,810	6,230	7,575
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	20	0	15	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	2,205	1,040	1,165
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	15	10	40	25	20	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	0	0	0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	770	375	390
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	195	105	85	255	140	110	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	19,395	9,615	9,785
Car, truck or van	135	80	55	110	75	35	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	16,410	8,265	8,145
Car, truck or van - as a driver	115	80	40	95	70	25	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	15,050	7,825	7,220
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	15	15	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050	1,360	435	930
Public transit	25	15	10	100	45	60	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	485	205	280
Walked	25	0	15	25	15	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	1,675	680	995
Bicycle	0	0	0	15	10	10	138,615	92,195	46,415	470	275	195
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	360	190	170
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	195	105	85	255	140	110	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	19,395	9,615	9,785
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	15	20	10	0	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	10,020	4,945	5,070
15 to 29 minutes	75	35	40	80	60	20	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	7,180	3,510	3,670
30 to 44 minutes	65	40	25	105	45	55	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	1,275	645	630
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	0	30	10	20	910,610	542,485	368,125	435	205	230
60 minutes and over	15	0	0	15	15	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	485	310	180
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	195	105	85	255	140	110	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	19,395	9,615	9,785
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	15	0	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	520	315	205
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	15	30	15	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	2,060	1,210	845
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	35	0	40	20	25	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	6,045	3,050	3,000
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	20	20	85	45	45	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	6,875	3,005	3,865
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	20	40	40	25	15	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	2,120	1,055	1,065
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	15	0	40	35	10	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	1,780	980	800
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	100	55	45	80	45	35	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	8,210	4,280	3,930
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	5	10	5	897,205	456,120	441,085	1,160	610	545
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	50	35	75	35	35	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	7,050	3,675	3,380
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	40	25	55	30	20	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	5,845	3,075	2,770
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	5	5	0	682,190	346,420	335,770	810	425	380
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	5	5	0	467,685	234,475	233,215	575	300	280
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	235	130	105
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	35	20	50	30	20	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	5,030	2,645	2,385

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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