Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

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	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	541	...	...	753	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	4,262,635	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	241	...	...	457	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	1,772,670	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	225	...	...	437	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	12,669.8	...	...	8,605.7	...	...	4.2	...	...	6.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.04	...	...	0.09	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	634,658.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	540	270	270	750	420	330	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700
0 to 14 years	80	45	35	75	40	35	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	809,640	415,870	393,770
0 to 4 years	30	15	20	25	10	15	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	250,250	128,560	121,690
5 to 9 years	30	20	5	20	10	10	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	278,810	142,850	135,955
10 to 14 years	25	10	15	30	15	10	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	280,585	144,460	136,120
15 to 64 years	340	165	175	545	310	230	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865
15 to 19 years	30	15	15	10	5	0	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	249,765	128,745	121,015
20 to 24 years	35	15	20	30	15	15	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	248,740	128,595	120,150
25 to 29 years	30	15	15	80	50	35	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	275,465	138,510	136,955
30 to 34 years	25	5	15	85	50	35	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	323,260	160,175	163,085
35 to 39 years	35	20	15	75	40	40	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	338,945	168,390	170,560
40 to 44 years	40	20	15	40	25	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	307,665	153,715	153,955
45 to 49 years	40	20	20	55	30	20	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	277,770	139,705	138,065
50 to 54 years	35	20	15	50	30	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	262,770	131,650	131,120
55 to 59 years	30	15	20	55	35	25	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	274,150	135,825	138,325
60 to 64 years	40	15	25	60	35	25	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	265,240	131,600	133,640
65 years and over	120	60	60	135	75	60	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	629,220	295,155	334,070
65 to 69 years	30	20	15	50	30	25	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	217,270	106,975	110,295
70 to 74 years	30	20	10	45	25	20	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	163,890	79,150	84,735
75 to 79 years	25	10	15	25	10	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	105,520	49,860	55,660
80 to 84 years	15	10	10	10	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	70,160	31,510	38,650
85 years and over	10	5	5	5	5	0	861,395	319,540	541,860	72,375	27,660	44,720
85 to 89 years	10	5	5	5	5	0	525,445	212,735	312,705	44,670	18,540	26,130
90 to 94 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	21,430	7,545	13,890
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	5,480	1,405	4,075
100 years and over	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	795	170	625
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	16.7	13.0	10.0	9.5	10.6	16.3	16.9	15.6	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	63.0	61.1	64.8	72.7	73.8	69.7	64.8	65.4	64.2	66.2	66.6	65.9
65 years and over	22.2	22.2	22.2	18.0	17.9	18.2	19.0	17.7	20.2	14.8	13.9	15.6
85 years and over	1.9	1.9	1.9	0.7	1.2	0.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	43.8	42.8	44.8	43.9	44.0	43.7	41.9	41.0	42.8	39.0	38.4	39.7
Median age of the population	44.0	43.2	46.4	42.4	42.8	41.6	41.6	40.4	42.8	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	225	...	...	440	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Single-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	994,565	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	98,740	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	55	...	...	980,110	...	...	127,735	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	20	...	...	5	...	...	821,490	...	...	43,730	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	200	...	...	375	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	247,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	5	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	74,880	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	1,215	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	45,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 person	75	...	...	245	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	424,055	...	...
2 persons	60	...	...	130	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	551,420	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	25	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	249,135	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	30	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	243,400	...	...
5 or more persons	20	...	...	10	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	165,215	...	...
Number of persons in private households	545	270	270	730	410	320	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Average household size	2.4	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	460	225	235	680	385	295	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925
Married or living common-law	260	130	130	335	185	150	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520
Married	220	110	105	150	80	65	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	1,703,285	852,950	850,335
Living common-law	40	20	20	185	100	90	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	330,655	165,475	165,180
Living common law - Never married	30	10	15	165	85	75	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	245,650	123,625	122,030
Living common law - Separated	5	0	5	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	12,835	6,745	6,090
Living common law - Divorced	10	10	5	15	10	5	721,715	365,760	355,950	65,955	32,580	33,375
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	5	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	6,210	2,520	3,690
Not married and not living common-law	200	95	105	345	205	140	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	1,419,050	693,640	725,410
Not married and not living common law - Never married	135	75	60	280	180	105	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	969,780	535,715	434,065
Not married and not living common law - Separated	10	5	5	5	5	0	741,135	319,045	422,090	83,350	36,440	46,910
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	30	15	20	50	20	30	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	214,460	87,950	126,505
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	20	5	15	10	0	10	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	151,455	33,530	117,925
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	150	...	...	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	1,164,655	...	...
2 persons	70	...	...	120	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	565,900	...	...
3 persons	35	...	...	20	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	240,980	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	25	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	238,600	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	5	...	...	855,960	...	...	119,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	145	...	...	170	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	1,164,650	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	160	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	987,465	...	...
Married couples	105	...	...	70	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	822,175	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	30	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	464,975	...	...
Without children	40	...	...	40	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	357,200	...	...
Common-law couples	20	...	...	95	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	165,290	...	...
With children⁶	10	...	...	25	...	...	808,645	...	...	60,705	...	...
Without children	15	...	...	70	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	104,580	...	...
Total one-parent families	25	...	...	10	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	177,190	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	5	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	135,065	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	5	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	42,125	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	545	270	270	730	405	325	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Total - Persons in census families	435	220	220	425	235	195	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505
Married spouses or common-law partners	245	125	125	325	175	150	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	1,974,930	986,995	987,935
Parents in one-parent families	25	5	20	10	5	5	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	177,185	42,120	135,060
Children⁶	165	90	75	95	55	40	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	1,304,525	691,020	613,500
In a two-parent family	130	70	55	85	45	40	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	1,022,235	538,215	484,020
In a one-parent family	35	20	15	10	10	5	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	282,290	152,810	129,485
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	100	50	50	305	175	130	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	721,070	368,045	353,030
Living alone	75	35	35	250	130	115	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	424,055	207,075	216,980
Living with other relatives⁷	20	10	15	5	5	0	927,345	393,085	534,260	108,100	49,205	58,900
Living with non-relatives only	10	5	5	50	35	10	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	188,915	111,760	77,155
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	130	...	...	160	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	1,008,210	...	...
Couple-family households	115	...	...	155	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	876,085	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	50	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	465,405	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	110	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	410,680	...	...
One-parent-family households	20	...	...	5	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	132,125	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...	47,450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	10,575	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...	60,780	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	25	...	...	663,835	...	...	82,150	...	...
One-person households	75	...	...	245	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	424,055	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	460	225	235	655	365	290	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	225	230	645	365	280	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	31,600	51,600	54,800	49,200	41,200	46,400	36,800	44,800	53,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	450	225	230	645	365	280	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	33,600	28,800	44,400	45,600	42,400	36,800	40,800	33,600	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	390	205	190	600	335	265	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	24,200	25,000	23,400	48,000	50,800	42,000	35,200	42,400	29,200	40,000	50,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	310	165	145	500	285	215	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,400	28,600	26,000	49,200	50,800	44,000	37,200	43,200	32,000	41,600	51,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	400	195	210	460	250	210	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	12,900	13,200	9,000	7,400	11,500	9,800	8,500	11,000	8,300	6,120	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45	30	15	55	30	25	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	373,185	184,280	188,900
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	x	5,480	4,520	5,840	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	150	85	70	140	80	60	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	978,925	473,610	505,320
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	9,800	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,200	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	430	220	215	590	320	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	215	210	575	310	265	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,200	38,800	62,000	64,000	59,600	54,450	62,650	46,560	60,850	72,700	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	215	210	575	310	265	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	38,000	34,400	49,800	51,600	47,600	44,920	50,320	39,680	50,200	58,400	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	370	195	170	540	285	255	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	30,400	59,600	65,000	53,600	50,240	59,500	41,000	57,300	70,100	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	265	140	120	460	260	200	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	41,000	34,000	59,000	64,000	52,800	50,280	58,050	42,000	56,350	67,800	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	380	185	195	405	215	190	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,750	14,300	15,200	8,920	7,000	11,100	11,170	10,180	12,060	10,440	9,300	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50	45	0	35	20	15	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	371,975	183,715	188,265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,600	...	7,200	4,800	10,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,090	6,720	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	100	55	115	70	40	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	972,130	470,475	501,650
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,000	10,800	8,400	6,200	11,600	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,170	9,030	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	435	220	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	50	40	275	150	125	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	1,120,075	641,305	478,775
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,500	60,400	73,000	80,000	67,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,000	80,000	58,000	77,000	80,000	74,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	85,200	96,300	70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	75	65	140	90	55	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	993,770	466,385	527,385
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	17,200	20,600	28,200	39,600	18,400	18,400	21,000	16,600	21,600	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	22,000	25,000	38,000	44,000	29,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	34,280	42,280	27,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.5	73.0	64.0	90.0	92.0	86.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	85.0	89.0	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.0	60.0	52.0	76.0	82.0	68.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	70.0	73.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	31.4	27.2	36.0	10.1	7.5	13.4	17.8	13.7	23.1	15.0	11.0	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	3.2	x	0.7	0.5	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	9.9	11.0	8.4	3.0	2.5	3.7	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	8.8	10.4	7.2	2.7	2.2	3.4	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	460	225	235	655	370	290	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without total income	10	0	5	15	5	5	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	161,620	78,885	82,730
With total income	450	220	230	640	360	280	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	35	20	20	30	15	15	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	271,260	111,180	160,085
$10,000 to $19,999	60	25	30	55	35	20	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	307,390	122,515	184,880
$20,000 to $29,999	105	45	55	85	40	45	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	483,175	210,085	273,090
$30,000 to $39,999	60	30	35	70	35	35	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	384,115	161,270	222,840
$40,000 to $49,999	65	30	35	70	40	35	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	332,120	148,870	183,245
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	20	75	45	35	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	277,960	132,620	145,340
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	55	25	30	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	232,840	119,260	113,580
$70,000 to $79,999	30	15	10	35	15	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	187,305	105,100	82,205
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	35	25	15	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	146,920	87,190	59,725
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	45	20	25	965,950	553,435	412,510	124,520	73,960	50,560
$100,000 and over	20	10	5	90	65	30	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	465,885	325,025	140,860
$100,000 to $149,999	15	5	10	75	55	20	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	291,955	191,190	100,765
$150,000 and over	5	0	0	20	15	5	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	173,935	133,835	40,100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	460	225	235	655	370	290	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without after-tax income	10	0	5	15	5	5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	159,820	77,915	81,900
With after-tax income	450	220	230	640	360	280	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	20	20	30	15	15	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	282,760	115,430	167,325
$10,000 to $19,999	65	25	35	60	35	20	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	320,525	128,425	192,100
$20,000 to $29,999	110	45	60	105	55	50	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	545,450	237,370	308,080
$30,000 to $39,999	85	40	40	85	40	45	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	449,440	194,945	254,500
$40,000 to $49,999	60	35	30	110	60	50	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	388,170	182,160	206,010
$50,000 to $59,999	35	20	15	60	35	25	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	314,650	160,140	154,510
$60,000 to $69,999	20	10	10	55	40	15	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	240,015	135,075	104,940
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	5	55	25	30	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	178,580	106,080	72,495
$80,000 to $89,999	10	0	5	30	15	10	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	138,170	82,415	55,755
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	20	15	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	92,045	59,450	32,595
$100,000 and over	5	5	0	30	20	10	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	265,490	196,560	68,930
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	20	15	10	792,455	530,970	261,490	121,505	85,805	35,705
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	10	10	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	143,985	110,760	33,225
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	460	225	235	655	370	290	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without employment income	150	60	95	155	85	70	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	948,210	413,405	534,805
With employment income	305	160	145	500	285	220	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Under $5,000 (including loss)	50	30	20	50	25	30	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	305,715	142,525	163,185
$5,000 to $9,999	40	15	20	25	15	15	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	186,575	78,780	107,795
$10,000 to $19,999	40	20	20	55	25	25	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	270,795	116,950	153,845
$20,000 to $29,999	35	15	25	30	15	15	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	212,530	93,955	118,575
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	20	35	20	15	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	202,095	92,015	110,080
$40,000 to $49,999	25	15	10	50	35	20	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	193,315	92,690	100,625
$50,000 to $59,999	20	10	5	40	25	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	181,745	89,815	91,930
$60,000 to $69,999	25	15	10	45	20	20	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	161,830	85,450	76,375
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	30	15	10	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	133,940	78,540	55,400
$80,000 to $89,999	10	5	5	30	20	10	929,490	539,395	390,095	110,580	67,335	43,240
$90,000 to $99,999	0	0	0	35	15	20	760,035	439,505	320,530	101,430	59,855	41,575
$100,000 and over	15	5	10	70	55	20	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	366,350	264,635	101,720
$100,000 to $124,999	10	5	5	35	25	10	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	158,925	103,055	55,870
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	35	25	10	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	207,430	161,580	45,850
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	460	225	235	655	365	290	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	215	225	625	355	270	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	35,600	28,600	51,200	53,200	49,200	39,200	45,200	34,000	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	440	215	225	625	355	270	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	33,200	26,400	42,800	44,800	40,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	385	195	190	585	325	255	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,000	33,200	25,200	48,400	52,800	44,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	43,200	54,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	300	155	145	490	280	205	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	33,600	28,200	52,400	52,400	50,000	38,000	44,400	32,800	44,400	55,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	370	180	190	405	215	190	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,750	4,280	10,200	3,480	1,860	6,080	4,240	1,960	6,450	1,620	1,010	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	30	20	15	30	15	15	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	245,140	118,390	126,750
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,120	3,680	x	5,200	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	6,240	5,640	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	430	220	215	590	320	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	200	210	555	305	250	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,800	37,200	61,400	62,400	60,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	60,750	74,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	200	210	560	305	255	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,800	32,400	49,000	50,400	47,200	42,920	49,000	37,160	49,720	59,050	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	190	175	525	280	240	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,000	42,800	30,800	60,400	64,000	56,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	60,350	74,400	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	270	135	135	440	260	180	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,000	32,000	60,000	60,800	58,800	50,560	58,800	41,800	59,450	72,000	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	335	155	180	320	170	145	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,280	9,400	12,900	7,450	5,440	9,800	7,950	6,990	8,800	6,720	5,635	7,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	40	25	0	0	0	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	244,330	117,410	126,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,600	...	...	...	...	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,990	7,020	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	435	220	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95	50	40	265	145	120	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	1,111,760	636,785	474,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	65,500	48,400	74,500	76,500	66,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	68,500	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,000	78,000	52,000	71,000	73,000	69,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	83,800	95,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	135	70	65	140	95	45	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	941,295	443,225	498,070
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	32,800	23,800	43,600	45,200	43,600	24,200	28,000	21,800	30,000	37,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,800	33,000	28,000	48,000	49,000	46,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	43,280	54,050	33,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	78.0	84.0	70.0	93.0	96.0	90.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	90.6	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	62.0	68.0	56.0	78.0	84.0	71.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	75.8	78.8	71.0
Government transfers (%)	22.0	15.6	30.0	7.0	4.9	9.6	12.3	8.9	16.9	9.4	6.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.8	2.0	x	x	x	x	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	71,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	60,400	...	...	73,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	75	...	...	245	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	424,055	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,800	...	...	52,400	...	...	41,600	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	27,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	150	...	...	190	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	1,209,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	69,200	...	...	87,700	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	245	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	424,120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,000	...	...	61,600	...	...	53,350	...	...	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,000	...	...	49,600	...	...	44,360	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	150	...	...	170	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	1,209,100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	165,175	...	...	16,810	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	8,310	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	12,525	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	274,140	...	...	17,725	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	637,695	...	...	49,050	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	505,875	...	...	52,025	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	5	...	...	15	...	...	488,735	...	...	41,490	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	560,950	...	...	48,190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5	...	...	20	...	...	572,650	...	...	52,710	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	20	...	...	559,155	...	...	51,200	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15	...	...	50	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	104,130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	106,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	986,460	...	...	104,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	921,205	...	...	98,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	844,835	...	...	93,990	...	...
$100,000 and over	70	...	...	140	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	775,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	30	...	...	40	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	204,960	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	15	...	...	30	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	156,945	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	20	...	...	45	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	200,675	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	25	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	213,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	225	...	...	435	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	0	...	...	5	...	...	186,735	...	...	18,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	8,620	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	0	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	12,950	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	10	...	...	15	...	...	289,545	...	...	18,925	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	20	...	...	681,900	...	...	52,455	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	10	...	...	25	...	...	589,110	...	...	58,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	25	...	...	582,275	...	...	48,620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5	...	...	25	...	...	666,675	...	...	56,195	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	676,995	...	...	62,115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	40	...	...	655,100	...	...	60,880	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	126,900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	15	...	...	40	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	127,780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	122,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	25	...	...	25	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	117,335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10	...	...	30	...	...	911,515	...	...	106,445	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	95	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	634,290	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20	...	...	35	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	214,810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	20	...	...	30	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	149,640	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	25	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	269,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	145	...	...	170	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	1,150,150	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.5	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	110	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	423,245	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	50	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	527,475	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	152,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	25	...	...	5	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	162,425	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	80	45	40	300	170	130	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	612,970	318,840	294,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	31,400	28,800	47,200	43,200	50,800	38,400	40,000	36,800	43,600	46,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,200	28,400	27,800	40,000	37,600	43,200	34,800	36,000	33,600	39,200	41,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	155	...	...	150	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	1,149,555	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	55	...	...	95	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	423,255	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	75	...	...	40	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	528,270	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	161,495	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	40	20	25	290	160	135	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	612,950	318,115	294,835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,000	40,000	32,000	57,600	55,000	60,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	56,550	60,100	52,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,000	32,000	28,000	46,400	45,000	48,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	47,360	49,600	44,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	540	265	270	730	405	325	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535
0 to 17 years	95	55	45	80	45	35	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	953,865	490,345	463,520
0 to 5 years	30	15	20	25	15	20	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	302,980	155,160	147,820
18 to 64 years	325	160	170	525	300	225	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945
65 years and over	120	60	60	125	65	60	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	584,915	279,845	305,065
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	65	30	30	85	55	35	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	382,820	182,970	199,855
0 to 17 years	10	10	5	5	0	5	854,565	439,490	415,075	107,130	54,765	52,370
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	36,250	18,465	17,790
18 to 64 years	35	20	15	60	35	25	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	213,795	103,030	110,765
65 years and over	15	10	10	20	10	10	985,745	391,695	594,050	61,890	25,180	36,720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.0	11.8	12.4	11.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	9.2	8.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.0	12.0	12.0	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.2	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	20.0	30.0	x	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.0	11.9	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	12.0	9.0	11.6	13.0	10.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	14.0	10.0	16.0	17.0	20.0	16.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	10.6	9.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	545	270	270	730	405	325	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435
0 to 17 years	95	55	40	80	45	40	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	936,965	481,700	455,265
0 to 5 years	35	15	15	30	10	15	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	298,005	152,625	145,380
18 to 64 years	325	155	170	525	300	225	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690
65 years and over	120	60	60	125	60	60	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	581,730	278,250	303,475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	35	20	15	65	40	20	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	187,885	96,630	91,255
0 to 17 years	10	5	5	5	0	5	319,545	164,490	155,060	43,110	21,925	21,180
0 to 5 years	5	5	5	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	13,945	7,045	6,900
18 to 64 years	20	10	10	50	40	15	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	130,620	68,100	62,525
65 years and over	10	5	5	10	5	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	14,155	6,605	7,550
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.8	8.0	6.0	8.8	10.4	6.4	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	x	x	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	9.0	4.0	10.0	12.0	7.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	8.0	8.0	6.0	6.0	8.0	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	2.4	2.4	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	540	270	270	730	405	320	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
In bottom half of the distribution	315	150	160	360	200	155	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	1,894,410	924,245	970,165
In bottom decile	65	35	25	80	55	25	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	345,410	172,330	173,080
In second decile	60	30	30	85	45	45	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	385,215	179,975	205,240
In third decile	70	30	40	60	35	30	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	380,170	184,770	195,400
In fourth decile	75	35	35	50	25	25	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	386,560	190,330	196,235
In fifth decile	55	25	30	85	50	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	397,055	196,830	200,215
In top half of the distribution	230	120	115	370	205	165	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365
In sixth decile	80	40	35	55	35	25	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	406,615	204,040	202,575
In seventh decile	55	35	25	65	40	30	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	420,810	212,460	208,350
In eighth decile	50	25	25	95	50	50	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	440,225	223,690	216,535
In ninth decile	25	10	15	75	40	35	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	470,850	240,765	230,085
In top decile	15	10	10	75	45	30	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	544,810	282,985	261,825
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	545	...	...	730	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	4,177,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.310	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.416	...	...	0.393	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.238	...	...	0.269	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English only	20	5	15	30	10	15	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905
French only	200	95	110	185	90	90	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	3,105	1,330	1,780
English and French	305	165	145	515	305	215	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	258,330	119,725	138,605
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	5	5	5	689,725	284,170	405,555	65,705	26,945	38,760
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	80	35	45	60	30	30	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915
French	405	205	205	625	360	270	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	64,440	32,960	31,485
English and French	45	25	25	40	25	20	476,175	237,635	238,535	15,525	7,680	7,840
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	5	5	5	673,100	275,685	397,420	63,735	25,925	37,810
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	500	245	255	715	400	310	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165
Official languages	260	130	130	575	330	245	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910
English	35	15	20	30	15	10	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265
French	225	110	115	545	315	230	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	64,855	33,210	31,645
Non-official languages	240	120	120	135	70	65	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	906,680	436,430	470,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	17,200	8,165	9,035
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	15,155	7,265	7,890
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	2,470	1,160	1,315
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	12,290	5,920	6,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	12,290	5,920	6,365
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	65	35	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	65	25	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	1,590	705	890
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	1,305	650	655
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	9,255	4,495	4,760
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	5	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	385	180	205
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	20	5	10
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	355	170	185
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	235	110	125
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	100	50	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	1,345	610	735
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	1,335	605	725
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	5	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	1,075	495	585
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	10	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	150	65	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	105	45	55
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	20	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	30	10	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	35	10	20
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	5
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	145	40	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	25	5	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	20	5	15
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	115	35	80
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	60	25	40
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	10	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	5	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	445	205	235
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	10	0	5
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	65	25	40
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	360	175	180
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	10	5	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	5	5	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	240	120	120	135	70	65	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	889,485	428,270	461,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	30	15	15	698,355	359,625	338,730	82,270	42,330	39,935
Berber languages	25	10	15	5	5	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	335	185	150
Kabyle	25	10	10	5	5	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	220	110	115
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	95	60	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170	25	10	15
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	160	85	75
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	145	80	65
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335	10	5	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	55	25	30
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	14,995	7,485	7,515
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	650	345	300
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	3,485	1,780	1,705
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	10,750	5,280	5,470
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350	115	70	45
Semitic languages	40	20	25	25	10	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	66,720	34,555	32,165
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	8,165	3,925	4,245
Arabic	40	20	25	10	5	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	46,425	24,385	22,045
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	835	405	430
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	445	225	220
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	265	125	140
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	130	55	70
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	215	105	110
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	885	455	425
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	55	25	25
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5	31,075	15,775	15,300	10,065	5,210	4,855
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220	80	50	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	5	5	5	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	25,655	11,520	14,135
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	1,775	800	975
Vietnamese	10	5	5	5	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	23,705	10,615	13,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	175	100	75
Austronesian languages	10	0	5	5	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	131,755	58,110	73,640
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	535	235	295
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	2,265	985	1,285
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	5,210	2,300	2,910
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	120	65	55
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	2,370	1,005	1,370
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	7,440	3,325	4,110
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	1,275	510	765
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	370	155	220
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	165	80	90
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	50	20	30
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425	45	20	30
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	270	115	155
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	1,275	620	650
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	515	235	280
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	5	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	108,395	47,810	60,590
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	415	195	225
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	1,075	475	605
Creole languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	1,745	875	875
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	455	230	225
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290	60	35	30
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435	270	130	140
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	325	165	160
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	420	215	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	215	110	105
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	17,170	8,845	8,330
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	585	295	295
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	8,785	4,450	4,330
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	4,950	2,610	2,340
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	2,715	1,425	1,295
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195	60	25	30
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	200	110	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	115	55	60	50	30	25	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	454,815	224,310	230,505
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	2,345	1,250	1,100
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	490	240	245
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	10	10	0	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	70,185	32,420	37,760
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	885	405	475
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	365	165	205
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	515	240	275
Slavic languages	20	10	10	10	0	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	69,305	32,020	37,285
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395	65	30	40
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	1,300	640	660
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	2,700	1,265	1,435
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	365	185	185
Polish	5	5	5	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	17,540	8,130	9,410
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	17,735	7,850	9,890
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	30	20	10
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	5	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	10,350	5,085	5,270
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	1,860	905	960
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	4,260	2,105	2,155
Serbian	0	0	0	5	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	4,040	1,975	2,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	190	100	90
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	1,865	910	950
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	555	245	305
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	16,750	7,630	9,125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205	40	20	15
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	295	165	130
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	75	45	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	50	20	20
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420	145	75	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	30	20	15
Germanic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	93,145	45,830	47,320
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	250	145	105
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	60,990	29,660	31,325
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	59,835	29,055	30,775
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	20	10	10
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	1,045	550	495
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	90	50	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	28,670	14,425	14,245
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	3,150	1,555	1,595
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	13,140	6,605	6,535
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	3,060	1,545	1,510
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	260	145	120
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	8,815	4,455	4,355
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	245	120	125
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	3,155	1,540	1,615
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	1,850	945	910
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480	95	45	55
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	525	245	285
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	680	310	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	85	50	30
Greek	5	0	5	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	2,820	1,430	1,385
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	197,415	100,095	97,320
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	176,130	89,315	86,820
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	85	45	40
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	7,735	3,900	3,835
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	15,330	7,920	7,415
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	18,815	9,525	9,285
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	1,625	720	905
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350	125	65	60
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	345	170	180
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	1,910	970	935
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	5,900	3,035	2,865
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	185	100	90
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	130	70	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320	60	30	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	91,070	46,205	44,870
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	30	20	15
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	685	345	340
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	2,700	1,380	1,325
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	28,635	14,425	14,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	945	495	445
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	21,225	10,750	10,470
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	65	40	25
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	2,010	1,035	975
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240	25	15	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	2,960	1,505	1,460
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	16,065	8,115	7,955
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	5,005	2,490	2,515
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	9,030	4,585	4,445
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	2,035	1,040	995
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390	90	45	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	60	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages	80	45	40	40	20	20	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	88,045	42,845	45,205
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440	70	30	45
Italian	30	10	20	5	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	9,505	4,745	4,755
Portuguese	15	10	5	10	5	5	240,680	115,235	125,450	9,910	4,750	5,165
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	7,425	3,635	3,790
Spanish	30	15	10	20	15	10	538,870	259,500	279,375	61,090	29,655	31,435
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	45	25	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185	75	35	40
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	4,575	1,550	3,025
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	19,240	8,935	10,305
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	565	255	310
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	108,295	52,850	55,440	16,500	8,265	8,235
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	1,660	855	800
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	30	20	10
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	245	125	115
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	225	125	95
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	190	100	95
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415	125	60	60
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	315	160	160
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	160	75	85
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	1,380	725	650
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	1,135	550	585
Lingala	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	205	110	100
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275	55	30	30
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260	40	20	20
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325	200	100	95
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500	390	190	205
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	655	305	350
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	1,105	530	580
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190	25	10	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320	150	50	100
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	2,455	1,165	1,290
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	25	10	15
Wolof	0	0	0	5	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	265	145	115
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	3,205	1,710	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	2,265	1,090	1,170
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	2,450	1,275	1,175
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	1,040	575	470
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	625	290	335
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	650	340	310
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270	130	70	60
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	840	440	400
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	695	370	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	140	70	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	30	10	15	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	118,025	54,995	63,030
Chinese languages	15	10	5	30	10	15	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	115,870	53,935	61,940
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	880	405	470
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	0	10	679,255	310,750	368,510	54,135	25,165	28,970
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	55	25	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	2,400	1,040	1,360
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	440	215	225
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	5	15	10	5	553,380	255,540	297,835	56,280	26,280	30,005
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	1,605	760	845
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330	75	40	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	2,055	1,015	1,040
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	415	205	215
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	130	60	70
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	725	365	355
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	585	290	290
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	140	75	65
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	670	335	335
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440	120	55	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	100	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	5	0	5	22,350	8,605	13,745	3,040	1,110	1,935
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	950	460	490
Thai	0	0	0	5	0	5	10,455	2,960	7,495	2,010	620	1,390
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240	85	35	55
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	4,335	2,360	1,975
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	440	235	200
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305	90	35	55
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	3,290	1,825	1,460
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	130	60	70
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	240	130	110
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	145	65	75
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	6,120	2,890	3,230
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	165	75	90
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	700	285	415
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	5,255	2,530	2,725
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	170	85	80
Multiple responses	40	25	15	20	10	10	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	166,455	80,575	85,890
English and French	10	5	0	5	0	0	291,325	142,420	148,905	17,600	8,520	9,085
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	0	0	921,480	450,685	470,800	131,195	63,735	67,465
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	15	10	5	117,910	57,875	60,040	3,125	1,535	1,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	2,425	1,160	1,270
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	12,105	5,625	6,480
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	40	15	25	25	20	10	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580
French	200	100	100	510	290	215	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	15,490	7,660	7,835
Non-official language	55	25	30	35	20	15	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	272,985	131,515	141,475
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	3,700	1,890	1,805
Non-Indigenous	55	25	30	35	20	15	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	269,280	129,620	139,665
English and French	35	20	15	60	30	25	953,760	465,560	488,205	41,100	19,580	21,515
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	10	5	5	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	664,935	323,185	341,750
French and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	50	30	25	395,320	188,195	207,125	1,590	725	865
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	25	40	20	20	455,760	217,995	237,770	17,280	8,175	9,105
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	5	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	24,475	11,545	12,930
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	540	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	460	220	240	700	390	310	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400
Official languages	355	175	175	630	360	275	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425
English	60	25	35	45	25	20	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895
French	290	150	145	590	335	255	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	22,755	11,225	11,530
Non-official languages	110	45	60	70	35	40	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	550,665	268,690	281,975
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	7,175	3,615	3,565
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	6,355	3,210	3,140
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	965	490	475
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	5,290	2,670	2,615
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	5,290	2,670	2,615
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	5	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	5	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	475	235	240
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	290	150	145
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	4,510	2,275	2,230
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	95	45	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	5	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	90	45	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	60	30	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	25	5	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	685	345	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	680	340	340
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	5	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	585	300	290
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	70	40	35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	60	30	30
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	10	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	15	5	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	15	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	100	45	55
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	10	5	5
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	85	35	45
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	45	60	70	35	40	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	543,490	265,075	278,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	10	10	5	395,840	197,010	198,830	52,375	26,290	26,085
Berber languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	165	85	80
Kabyle	10	5	5	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	95	50	45
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380	55	30	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130	10	5	5
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410	105	60	45
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305	105	60	45
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	15	5	5
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	10,170	5,010	5,155
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	490	255	240
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	2,580	1,305	1,270
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	7,045	3,425	3,620
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	50	25	25
Semitic languages	15	5	10	10	10	5	352,790	176,270	176,520	41,920	21,120	20,800
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	5,025	2,385	2,635
Arabic	15	5	10	5	5	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	28,040	14,195	13,840
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	630	310	325
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	310	155	160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	190	90	95
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	135	65	65
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	140	70	70
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	415	215	200
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	10	5	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	10	5	5	21,860	11,050	10,810	7,600	3,905	3,700
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115	60	35	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	5	5	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	17,075	7,795	9,285
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	975	430	545
Vietnamese	5	0	5	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	15,945	7,280	8,670
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	155	90	65
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	82,190	38,845	43,345
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395	200	100	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	1,250	595	660
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	2,990	1,435	1,555
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	1,290	610	680
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	4,450	2,075	2,375
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	435	215	220
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	210	95	120
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170	85	40	45
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	20	10	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	20	10	10
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140	65	30	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	700	330	370
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375	180	85	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	69,570	32,865	36,705
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360	205	100	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	500	245	255
Creole languages	10	5	0	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	1,010	485	525
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	295	140	155
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175	45	15	25
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	120	55	60
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	235	115	115
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	205	105	100
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	395	475	110	45	65
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	11,840	5,985	5,855
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	305	150	160
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	6,270	3,150	3,120
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	3,480	1,790	1,690
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	1,705	860	845
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120	45	20	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	35	15	20
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	130	75	60
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	60	25	35	30	10	15	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	265,460	131,850	133,610
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	1,040	550	490
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	245	115	125
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	28,760	13,815	14,945
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	345	175	170
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485	140	75	65
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	205	105	105
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	28,415	13,640	14,775
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	20	10	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	595	290	305
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	765	365	400
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	180	95	90
Polish	5	0	5	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	6,810	3,230	3,575
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	10,885	5,205	5,680
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	4,370	2,105	2,265
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	750	360	395
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	1,525	740	785
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	2,055	990	1,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	35	20	20
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	585	285	295
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	105	50	50
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	4,080	1,990	2,090
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	15	5	5
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	50	25	25
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	15	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	20	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	10	5	5
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	40,925	20,195	20,730
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155	40	25	20
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	29,275	14,360	14,920
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	29,025	14,235	14,790
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	5	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	240	115	125
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	10	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	11,310	5,675	5,630
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	1,720	850	870
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	1,520	725	800
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	2,280	1,170	1,115
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	135	65	65
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	5,620	2,850	2,770
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	35	15	20
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	280	130	150
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340	100	50	50
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95	25	10	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	35	15	20
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450	130	55	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390	15	10	5
Greek	5	0	0	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	935	430	505
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	146,225	73,640	72,580
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	132,370	66,780	65,590
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	40	20	20
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	5,085	2,505	2,580
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	10,620	5,435	5,185
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	12,295	6,225	6,075
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	830	345	480
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	70	35	40
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470	130	65	70
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	1,145	570	570
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	4,280	2,200	2,080
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	75	40	35
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	20	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	75,180	38,085	37,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	15	10	10
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	405	205	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	1,595	790	805
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	20,080	9,990	10,085
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	520	255	265
Iranian languages	0	0	0	5	5	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	13,835	6,850	6,980
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	35	20	15
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	1,310	655	660
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	15	5	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	1,920	960	960
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	10,495	5,190	5,310
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	2,990	1,435	1,560
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	6,150	3,065	3,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	1,360	690	670
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	35	15	20	20	5	10	577,735	273,965	303,770	47,235	23,055	24,180
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	45	20	25
Italian	15	5	10	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	2,140	915	1,220
Portuguese	10	5	5	10	5	5	118,730	56,685	62,045	4,585	2,230	2,355
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	3,525	1,745	1,775
Spanish	15	5	5	10	0	5	317,365	155,005	162,360	36,925	18,135	18,790
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220	25	10	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	50	20	25
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	2,195	920	1,275
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	14,510	6,915	7,590
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	360	165	200
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	5	38,600	18,055	20,545	6,470	3,055	3,415
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	750	370	380
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	15	10	5
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215	40	25	20
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245	50	30	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	145	70	75
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150	30	15	20
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	110	50	60
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	20	10	10
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	445	215	225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	565	255	315
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	140	60	80
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	20	10	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	20	10	10
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	50	30	25
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160	140	65	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	330	160	175
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	375	180	195
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85	15	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	55	20	35
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	1,100	505	595
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160	5	5	5
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	175	100	80
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	1,175	565	610
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	670	300	375
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	1,265	640	625
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	560	310	245
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	400	185	220
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	280	135	145
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70	20	10	10
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	1,325	765	560
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	1,065	610	455
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	255	150	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	5	5	25	10	15	967,965	450,210	517,755	81,325	38,350	42,970
Chinese languages	10	5	5	25	10	15	955,685	444,115	511,565	79,775	37,570	42,200
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	310	125	180
Mandarin	0	0	0	10	5	10	530,945	249,675	281,270	40,005	19,245	20,765
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	985	405	575
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	265	130	140
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	15	10	5	393,430	180,000	213,435	37,205	17,195	20,010
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	965	455	505
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115	25	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	1,505	765	745
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	250	125	125
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	120	60	60
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	565	280	280
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	460	230	225
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	105	50	55
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	510	265	245
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	60	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155	50	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	1,410	655	755
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	430	205	230
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	930	430	495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	50	20	35
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	2,685	1,405	1,285
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	235	115	120
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	25	15	10
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	2,180	1,145	1,035
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435	80	40	40
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480	125	65	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210	45	25	25
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	1,805	860	945
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	25	10	10
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	110	55	50
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	1,675	795	880
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	70	35	35
Multiple responses	80	50	30	35	20	15	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	166,875	81,225	85,650
English and French	10	0	5	10	5	5	230,955	112,070	118,880	8,010	3,875	4,130
English and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0	0	5	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	152,980	74,600	78,375
French and non-official language(s)	60	40	20	20	10	10	125,525	60,405	65,125	770	345	430
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	1,755	845	915
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	3,355	1,560	1,795
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	545	270	270	735	410	325	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
None	350	175	175	600	340	260	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850
English	50	25	25	40	25	20	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	224,860	111,370	113,495
French	30	15	20	20	10	10	571,040	268,530	302,510	30,900	14,530	16,375
Non-official language	65	30	30	30	15	15	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	279,795	133,050	146,750
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	10,470	4,835	5,630
Non-Indigenous	65	30	30	30	15	15	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	269,325	128,210	141,115
English and French	10	0	5	15	5	10	86,185	42,600	43,585	2,825	1,370	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	25	15	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	34,750	17,340	17,410
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	5	0	5	134,565	61,575	72,995	7,875	3,655	4,220
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	5	5	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	565	295	275
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	29,550	14,325	15,225
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	520	270	250	660	355	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Official languages	510	265	245	655	355	295	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375
English	315	185	130	490	260	225	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495
French	480	250	230	630	350	280	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	260,415	119,860	140,560
Non-official languages	355	195	160	210	110	100	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	1,215,795	587,465	628,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	32,910	15,640	17,275
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	29,220	13,945	15,275
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	6,605	3,085	3,515
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	22,000	10,590	11,410
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	21,980	10,585	11,395
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	10	10	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	15	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	190	100	90
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	150	60	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	4,265	1,840	2,425
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	2,155	1,060	1,100
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	15,405	7,600	7,800
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	20	10	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	50	25	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	1,050	480	570
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	40	10	30
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	1,020	470	555
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	70	40	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	635	290	345
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	320	135	185
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	2,510	1,145	1,365
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	2,490	1,140	1,350
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	20	0	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	60	25	30
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	1,760	840	920
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	20	15	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	395	165	230
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	285	120	165
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	25	15	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	125	45	80
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	20	15	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	15	10	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	80	35	45
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	10	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	15	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	15	10	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	180	60	120
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	20	10	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	160	55	100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	40	15	25
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	40	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	20	0	15
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	235	105	130
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	20	20	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	15	10	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	1,155	580	580
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	130	55	70
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	200	105	95
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	890	455	430
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	90	50	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	15	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	10	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	15	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	25	15	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	105	35	65
Non-Indigenous languages	355	195	160	210	110	100	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	1,183,510	572,060	611,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	25	10	15	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	123,440	63,820	59,620
Berber languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	630	370	260
Kabyle	25	10	15	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	425	215	210
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	180	135	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	55	40	15
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	845	500	345
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	810	470	335
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	35	30	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	135	70	65
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	20,915	10,520	10,385
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	810	415	385
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	5,390	2,775	2,610
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	14,865	7,395	7,475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	170	90	80
Semitic languages	60	30	30	25	10	15	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	105,580	54,910	50,670
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	15,775	8,070	7,700
Arabic	60	30	30	25	0	10	838,045	436,510	401,540	76,760	40,430	36,335
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	1,125	625	495
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	470	260	205
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	435	255	190
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	235	125	105
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	365	190	175
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	3,710	1,935	1,770
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	80	40	40
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	15,380	7,855	7,515
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	420	285	130
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	35,940	16,645	19,295
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	2,685	1,275	1,410
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	33,020	15,240	17,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455	390	225	165
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	181,630	80,370	101,260
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	1,140	605	535
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	3,010	1,285	1,720
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	8,560	3,850	4,710
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	330	170	165
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	3,750	1,590	2,160
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	13,710	5,825	7,885
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	2,410	1,045	1,355
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	615	230	380
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510	175	95	80
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	80	30	45
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	70	30	35
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	1,705	805	900
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	2,670	1,210	1,465
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	1,215	560	660
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	172,625	76,255	96,375
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	1,015	460	550
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	5,045	2,295	2,750
Creole languages	40	25	20	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	5,360	2,730	2,630
Haitian Creole	40	25	20	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	1,435	765	670
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	480	210	275
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	530	260	270
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	855	425	430
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	30	25	0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	1,250	670	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	1,160	580	580
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	25,790	13,240	12,545
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	1,785	915	870
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	12,090	6,195	5,890
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	10,105	5,340	4,760
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	5,040	2,575	2,465
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	160	80	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520	105	55	50
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	315	175	140
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	215	125	95	95	55	40	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	607,625	300,360	307,265
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	3,130	1,730	1,405
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	795	440	355
Balto-Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	88,305	41,660	46,640
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	975	425	545
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	330	130	195
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	650	300	350
Slavic languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	87,775	41,425	46,350
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	280	120	165
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	1,680	800	880
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	3,880	1,930	1,950
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	635	295	345
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	22,385	10,655	11,730
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	29,760	14,030	15,725
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	40	35	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	13,860	6,820	7,035
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	3,470	1,675	1,795
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	6,945	3,440	3,510
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	6,415	3,155	3,260
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	260	115	140
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	2,540	1,165	1,375
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	770	335	440
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	23,340	10,625	12,715
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	55	20	35
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	1,175	565	610
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	535	260	275
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	240	110	130
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	335	170	165
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415	70	30	40
Germanic languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	658,705	319,800	338,905	107,065	53,150	53,915
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	385	175	210
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	66,405	33,105	33,300
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	65,370	32,550	32,820
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	30	15	10
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	1,585	785	800
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	215	135	85
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	38,720	19,390	19,320
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	5,940	3,005	2,935
Dutch	0	0	0	10	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	17,170	8,515	8,655
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	4,055	2,030	2,020
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	290	150	140
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	11,395	5,810	5,590
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	370	180	195
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	10	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	5,305	2,545	2,760
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	2,525	1,295	1,225
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	135	45	85
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	1,235	555	680
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	1,620	760	855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	105	60	45
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	4,645	2,365	2,280
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	266,095	135,440	130,660
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	242,500	123,495	119,005
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	190	105	90
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	10,675	5,385	5,285
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	24,780	12,630	12,150
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	94,015	48,065	45,945
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	3,495	1,550	1,945
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	335	160	175
Konkani	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	860	430	425
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	4,030	2,080	1,950
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	6,995	3,620	3,370
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	245	115	135
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	80	35	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	170	85	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	126,385	64,695	61,690
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	1,380	755	620
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	3,960	1,950	2,010
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	51,540	26,420	25,125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	2,125	1,155	970
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	27,205	13,830	13,380
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	95	60	35
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	2,510	1,335	1,180
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	35	20	10
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	4,550	2,335	2,220
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	20,940	10,630	10,310
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	7,385	3,640	3,745
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	11,130	5,755	5,370
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	2,710	1,390	1,320
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	205	105	100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	315	185	130
Italic (Romance) languages	175	95	75	75	40	30	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	154,035	74,195	79,845
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	155	75	80
Italian	100	50	50	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	19,480	9,525	9,960
Portuguese	25	15	10	15	15	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	14,645	7,290	7,355
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	9,765	4,930	4,830
Spanish	60	35	25	60	35	25	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	116,070	55,430	60,640
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	455	270	185
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	300	135	165
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	10,925	4,845	6,080
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	23,030	10,705	12,325
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	790	355	435
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	25	15	10	267,520	131,495	136,025	41,335	20,960	20,375
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	3,555	1,805	1,755
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	130	80	55
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	735	400	335
Éwé	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	490	265	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	475	270	205
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	515	265	255
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	730	350	380
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	420	205	210
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	4,685	2,390	2,295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	1,955	1,010	945
Lingala	0	0	0	10	10	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	1,555	790	765
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	205	95	110
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	110	50	60
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	330	180	145
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	950	465	480
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	1,305	675	630
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	2,160	1,035	1,130
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	125	65	55
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	320	140	180
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	9,495	5,040	4,455
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	145	85	60
Wolof	0	0	0	10	10	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	730	400	330
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	10,490	5,265	5,220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	6,385	3,160	3,230
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	3,615	1,890	1,725
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	1,595	850	740
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	745	355	395
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	1,285	695	590
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	440	240	200
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	6,525	2,455	4,070
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	5,685	2,100	3,585
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	30	10	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	970	415	550
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	15	15	40	20	25	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	144,545	68,355	76,190
Chinese languages	30	15	15	40	20	25	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	141,465	66,830	74,635
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	1,450	630	820
Mandarin	0	0	0	25	10	20	987,300	452,995	534,305	82,095	38,175	43,915
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	55	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	4,250	1,825	2,425
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	615	280	335
Yue (Cantonese)	30	15	15	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	74,960	35,260	39,700
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	1,795	860	930
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	105	40	65
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	3,035	1,510	1,520
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	895	450	450
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	160	75	80
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	1,095	555	545
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	970	485	480
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	170	90	80
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	825	435	390
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	325	135	195
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	240	75	160
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	4,335	1,770	2,565
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	1,515	755	760
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	3,030	1,125	1,905
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465	220	90	130
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	7,450	4,015	3,435
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	950	500	445
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	235	110	125
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	5,830	3,285	2,540
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	205	80	120
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	435	225	210
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	260	110	140
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	7,950	3,810	4,140
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	245	105	135
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	1,020	480	540
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	6,700	3,235	3,465
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	1,135	630	505
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	284,470	137,665	146,800
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	276,060	133,625	142,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	145,640	70,360	75,285
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	127,470	61,780	65,690
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	2,945	1,480	1,465
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	4,785	2,435	2,350
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	3,620	1,610	2,010
Non-Indigenous identity	515	265	245	655	355	300	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	126,530	61,050	65,485
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	515	265	255	660	360	305	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Owner	90	...	...	245	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	1,157,495	...	...
Renter	110	...	...	170	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	465,220	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Condominium	10	...	...	290	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	294,875	...	...
Not condominium	190	...	...	125	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	1,338,345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	60	...	...	132,060	...	...	9,160	...	...
1 bedroom	40	...	...	155	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	158,300	...	...
2 bedrooms	40	...	...	130	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	350,400	...	...
3 bedrooms	110	...	...	60	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	566,750	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10	...	...	10	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	548,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	65	...	...	305	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	427,120	...	...
5 rooms	65	...	...	55	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	258,680	...	...
6 rooms	55	...	...	30	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	235,145	...	...
7 rooms	0	...	...	15	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	206,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	15	...	...	15	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	506,150	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One person or fewer per room	190	...	...	405	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	1,589,600	...	...
More than one person per room	10	...	...	10	...	...	353,715	...	...	43,620	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Suitable	180	...	...	395	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	1,556,960	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	15	...	...	805,650	...	...	76,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1960 or before	10	...	...	90	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	168,925	...	...
1961 to 1980	150	...	...	50	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	428,655	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	25	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	188,550	...	...
1991 to 2000	0	...	...	200	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	224,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	0	...	...	30	...	...	959,860	...	...	152,840	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	168,905	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	15	...	...	967,540	...	...	161,095	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	139,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	180	...	...	385	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	1,543,795	...	...
Major repairs needed	15	...	...	25	...	...	919,545	...	...	89,420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-maintainer household	90	...	...	280	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	802,915	...	...
Two-maintainer household	105	...	...	130	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	745,175	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	10	...	...	0	...	...	687,485	...	...	85,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	20	...	...	424,695	...	...	51,475	...	...
25 to 34 years	15	...	...	115	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	260,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	45	...	...	80	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	341,390	...	...
45 to 54 years	30	...	...	50	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	304,080	...	...
55 to 64 years	25	...	...	75	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	311,335	...	...
65 to 74 years	40	...	...	65	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	222,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	35	...	...	10	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	105,505	...	...
85 years and over	10	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	35,775	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	200	...	...	415	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	1,588,960	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	155	...	...	310	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	1,251,370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	40	...	...	100	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	337,585	...	...
30% to less than 100%	40	...	...	95	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	306,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	195	...	...	415	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	140	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	463,775	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	30	...	...	95	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	304,300	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	15	...	...	595,110	...	...	58,970	...	...
Major repairs needed only	10	...	...	20	...	...	645,465	...	...	61,750	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	11,080	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	21,460	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	5,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	740	...	...
Acceptable housing	135	...	...	275	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	1,169,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	200	...	...	410	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	1,557,725	...	...
In core need	20	...	...	40	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	154,230	...	...
Not in core need	175	...	...	370	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	1,403,495	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	90	...	...	245	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	1,131,995	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	69.4	...	...	60.0	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.2	...	...	22.4	...	...	14.8	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,270	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,580	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	755,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	730,000	...	...	408,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	448,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	165	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	463,570	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	27.3	...	...	33.2	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	15.2	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	670	...	...	910	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	720	...	...	1,010	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,505	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	350	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	515	265	255	660	355	305	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	135,650	66,545	69,110
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	131,200	64,375	66,820
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	101,455	49,465	51,990
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	28,695	14,340	14,355
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	1,050	570	480
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	4,455	2,175	2,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	4,090	1,985	2,100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	160	75	90
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	160	85	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	50	25	25
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	187,365	90,475	96,890
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	20	10	10	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	180,640	87,270	93,375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	15	0	10	801,630	384,550	417,075	102,335	49,695	52,640
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	76,055	36,420	39,640
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	2,255	1,155	1,095
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	6,720	3,210	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	6,150	2,915	3,235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	315	140	175
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	205	130	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210	50	15	40
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	515	265	250	640	350	295	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	520	265	250	660	355	300	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	490	250	240	550	300	250	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685
Canadian citizens aged under 18	90	50	40	60	35	25	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	900,670	463,925	436,745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	395	195	200	490	265	225	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	35	20	10	110	55	55	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	385,010	185,215	199,795
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	520	265	250	660	355	300	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	280	140	140	465	250	215	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150
Immigrants⁸¹	235	125	110	115	65	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	970,970	468,250	502,725
Before 1980	70	30	40	20	15	10	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	127,275	62,275	65,005
1980 to 1990	40	20	15	0	0	0	924,320	443,805	480,520	91,320	44,550	46,770
1991 to 2000	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	126,605	60,125	66,480
2001 to 2010	55	35	20	60	30	30	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	239,260	115,815	123,445
2011 to 2021⁸²	50	30	25	20	15	10	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	386,510	185,485	201,025
2011 to 2015	45	25	25	15	0	10	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	193,335	93,675	99,665
2016 to 2021	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	193,175	91,810	101,360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	85	40	40	924,850	499,490	425,365	64,830	34,215	30,610
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	235	130	110	115	65	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	970,975	468,250	502,725
Under 5 years	0	0	0	10	10	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	85,135	43,645	41,485
5 to 14 years	35	25	10	0	0	0	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	169,075	87,630	81,440
15 to 24 years	65	35	35	35	15	15	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	175,855	81,330	94,525
25 to 44 years	110	50	55	65	35	30	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	450,070	213,555	236,510
45 years and over	25	15	10	10	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	90,845	42,090	48,760
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	235	130	110	115	65	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	970,975	468,250	502,725
Americas	65	35	30	25	20	10	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	110,855	51,790	59,065
Brazil	0	0	0	10	10	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	3,800	1,590	2,210
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	10,385	4,855	5,535
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	6,940	3,340	3,600
Guyana	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	2,375	1,175	1,205
Haiti	40	25	15	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	1,370	745	625
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	8,695	4,160	4,530
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	17,990	8,935	9,055
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	1,905	825	1,075
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	3,360	1,560	1,800
United States of America	0	0	0	10	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	30,540	13,490	17,050
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	0	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	23,500	11,110	12,395
Europe	80	45	40	45	25	20	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	180,590	90,195	90,395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	4,335	2,155	2,185
Croatia	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	3,405	1,710	1,700
France	10	0	0	40	25	15	121,525	63,845	57,685	2,720	1,330	1,390
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	16,635	8,000	8,635
Greece	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	1,895	1,035	855
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	3,080	1,505	1,580
Italy	35	20	15	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	6,990	3,605	3,380
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	12,730	6,680	6,050
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	15,595	7,280	8,315
Portugal	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	3,730	1,895	1,835
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	7,190	3,585	3,605
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	7,470	3,205	4,260
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	2,220	1,075	1,145
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	8,915	4,050	4,870
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	56,675	29,555	27,125
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	26,990	13,535	13,460
Africa	65	35	35	15	10	10	821,735	412,365	409,375	119,295	60,715	58,580
Algeria	50	30	25	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	1,220	665	560
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	3,215	1,640	1,575
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	6,760	3,660	3,095
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	9,720	5,230	4,495
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	14,420	7,085	7,340
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	2,130	1,100	1,035
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	21,065	10,925	10,145
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	8,545	4,260	4,285
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	8,960	4,430	4,535
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	10	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	43,250	21,720	21,530
Asia	25	15	15	30	15	15	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	549,965	260,520	289,440
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	6,585	3,235	3,350
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	8,865	4,625	4,245
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	6,220	3,225	2,990
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	9,960	5,375	4,585
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	9,975	5,310	4,665
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	2,830	1,575	1,260
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	30	15	15	715,835	317,970	397,860	61,390	27,935	33,455
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	18,725	9,090	9,630
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	16,180	7,545	8,635
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	3,395	1,415	1,980
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	167,735	74,205	93,530
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	27,880	12,700	15,180
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	6,035	3,080	2,960
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	122,150	61,405	60,740
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	30,810	15,690	15,120
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	4,930	2,490	2,445
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	46,305	21,615	24,690
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	10,275	5,030	5,240
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	193,170	91,815	101,360
Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	19,300	8,985	10,320
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	1,365	555	810
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	1,310	535	775
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	220	135	85
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	2,130	985	1,145
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	4,165	2,140	2,025
United States of America	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	5,175	2,460	2,715
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	1,220	525	695
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	3,715	1,645	2,070
Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	15,750	7,955	7,795
France	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	405	200	200
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	750	310	445
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	1,060	640	425
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	470	285	180
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	1,090	395	695
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	2,045	920	1,125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	3,800	2,170	1,630
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	6,135	3,045	3,090
Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	34,320	16,870	17,450
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	155	50	105
Burundi	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	450	220	230
Cameroon	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	905	385	520
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	920	450	465
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	265	125	140
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	1,190	595	595
Eritrea	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	5,120	2,665	2,450
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	3,960	1,865	2,100
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	510	215	290
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	9,840	4,950	4,890
Somalia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	1,960	970	985
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	1,950	1,025	930
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	1,135	530	605
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	250	150	105
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	5,725	2,680	3,040
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	122,360	57,210	65,145
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	1,350	655	700
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	1,135	540	590
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	9,495	4,095	5,400
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	730	330	395
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	31,815	16,070	15,745
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	1,420	665	750
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	1,305	625	680
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	660	365	295
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	335	50	285
Jordan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	455	235	220
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	3,425	1,440	1,990
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	955	455	500
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	1,365	670	695
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	4,085	1,950	2,130
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	47,605	21,395	26,215
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	690	360	325
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	740	370	365
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	7,295	3,900	3,400
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	845	405	440
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	690	375	315
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	1,760	580	1,180
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	4,205	1,670	2,540
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	1,445	785	655
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	940	510	430
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	500	280	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	520	265	250	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
First generation¹⁰⁰	240	125	115	210	115	90	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	1,074,140	522,255	551,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	165	85	80	70	35	35	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	777,505	391,285	386,215
Third generation or more¹⁰²	115	50	65	380	200	180	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	165	95	75	95	55	40	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	843,700	405,975	437,720
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	85	50	35	85	45	35	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	471,325	236,805	234,520
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	35	25	10	45	25	15	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	192,785	116,035	76,755
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	50	25	30	40	20	25	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	278,535	120,765	157,765
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	60	30	35	10	0	0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	240,090	98,410	141,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	25	20	0	0	0	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	123,970	66,715	57,255
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	8,315	4,050	4,265
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	165	95	75	95	55	40	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	843,700	405,975	437,720
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	20	10	0	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	29,815	17,215	12,595
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	20	0	15	705,405	324,370	381,035	126,640	57,515	69,125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	24,340	12,430	11,910
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	47,540	25,735	21,805
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	3,740	1,430	2,305
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	135	75	65	65	45	20	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	611,625	291,650	319,975
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	165	95	75	145	75	70	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	1,161,420	571,535	589,885
South Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	297,650	152,030	145,620
Chinese	0	0	0	40	15	20	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	164,235	79,520	84,710
Black	60	35	35	35	25	15	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	177,940	90,375	87,570
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	216,710	99,540	117,170
Arab	15	15	0	30	10	15	694,015	362,845	331,170	69,505	36,555	32,955
Latin American	30	15	15	20	15	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	66,520	32,115	34,405
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	10	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	54,005	25,215	28,790
West Asian	0	0	0	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	25,075	12,835	12,240
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	24,365	11,600	12,770
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	13,560	6,135	7,425
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	12,100	5,985	6,120
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	39,745	19,625	20,120
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	350	175	175	515	285	235	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	520	265	250	660	355	300	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian	10	0	0	145	80	60	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	484,655	251,795	232,860
English	0	0	0	10	0	10	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	766,070	376,940	389,130
Irish	0	0	0	30	20	15	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	561,915	270,440	291,470
Scottish	0	0	0	15	0	10	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	631,015	309,855	321,160
French, n.o.s.¹²²	60	20	30	265	150	115	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	340,900	167,270	173,635
German	0	0	0	20	0	15	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	641,025	317,325	323,705
Chinese	40	30	15	30	10	20	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	177,990	85,545	92,440
Italian	130	70	60	35	20	15	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	98,730	49,855	48,875
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	155,700	79,060	76,640
Ukrainian	0	0	0	15	0	10	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	343,640	169,070	174,575
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	174,625	87,015	87,610
Polish	10	0	10	10	0	10	982,820	472,290	510,525	169,925	82,005	87,915
Québécois	25	20	10	55	30	25	981,635	490,130	491,510	5,380	2,810	2,570
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	10	10	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	124,835	63,065	61,770
Filipino	0	0	0	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	203,955	94,020	109,935
French Canadian	10	0	10	30	10	20	906,315	441,610	464,705	32,365	15,655	16,710
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	15	10	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	73,475	37,700	35,780
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	0	0	0	15	0	10	632,340	304,220	328,120	73,355	35,940	37,415
Métis	0	0	0	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	115,455	55,915	59,535
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	70,790	36,360	34,425
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	97,890	46,455	51,435
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	154,535	74,455	80,085
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	76,810	36,840	39,970
Portuguese	30	10	20	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	21,415	10,745	10,680
American	0	0	0	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	66,100	32,535	33,560
Spanish	30	15	10	30	15	15	342,040	160,475	181,570	40,165	18,395	21,770
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	92,975	43,950	49,025
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	51,360	25,175	26,185
Acadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	10,110	5,175	4,935
Pakistani	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	39,535	20,140	19,390
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	10	0	10	301,955	148,335	153,625	34,225	17,015	17,210
Jewish	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	14,405	7,195	7,210
Punjabi	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	37,585	19,270	18,315
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	39,395	18,815	20,580
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	20	0	15	263,710	138,210	125,500	23,860	12,675	11,185
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	13,980	7,290	6,690
Jamaican	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	15,620	7,845	7,775
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	31,255	15,030	16,225
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	62,465	30,145	32,315
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	24,170	11,505	12,660
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	31,530	14,880	16,650
Lebanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	28,480	14,600	13,880
Iranian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	10,550	5,380	5,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	14,380	7,135	7,240
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	56,190	27,550	28,640
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	26,435	12,745	13,695
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	28,860	15,005	13,855
Austrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	36,220	17,895	18,325
Belgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	21,985	10,715	11,270
Haitian	45	20	25	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	2,460	1,255	1,200
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	20,535	10,485	10,050
Mexican	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	25,450	12,870	12,580
Mennonite	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	31,565	15,825	15,740
Swiss	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	22,450	11,045	11,405
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	18,705	9,040	9,665
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	5,140	2,600	2,540
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	13,720	6,830	6,890
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	18,605	8,565	10,040
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	8,945	4,525	4,420
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	8,305	4,030	4,275
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	25,800	13,080	12,720
Muslim	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	12,420	6,350	6,065
Egyptian	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	9,585	5,080	4,505
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	10	10	0	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	12,105	5,985	6,125
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	3,160	1,645	1,515
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	19,720	9,865	9,850
Colombian	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	11,115	5,380	5,735
Moroccan	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	2,620	1,375	1,250
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	19,730	9,465	10,260
Syrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	9,520	4,880	4,645
Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	3,370	1,715	1,655
Afghan	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	10,380	5,155	5,225
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	6,880	3,570	3,310
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	7,410	3,655	3,760
Ojibway	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	4,680	2,280	2,395
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	8,615	4,495	4,125
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	6,715	3,340	3,375
Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	3,155	1,505	1,655
Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	4,640	2,425	2,215
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	4,595	2,300	2,295
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	6,670	3,725	2,945
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	3,935	2,065	1,870
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	6,525	3,435	3,090
Algerian	15	10	10	15	10	10	73,770	38,035	35,740	1,300	680	620
Brazilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	5,000	2,340	2,655
Nigerian	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	14,600	7,585	7,015
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	1,870	930	940
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	10,525	5,200	5,320
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	7,430	3,470	3,965
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	16,310	8,160	8,150
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	3,630	1,510	2,120
Iraqi	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	4,725	2,385	2,345
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	7,055	3,475	3,580
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	2,290	1,180	1,110
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	7,445	3,460	3,980
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	5,800	3,120	2,680
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	3,670	1,735	1,930
Algonquin	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	1,680	820	860
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	2,215	995	1,220
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	5,670	2,635	3,035
South African	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	8,400	4,055	4,345
Australian	0	0	0	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	8,395	4,275	4,125
Palestinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	4,425	2,365	2,060
Chilean	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	7,350	3,765	3,590
Congolese	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	3,540	1,815	1,725
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	2,590	1,280	1,310
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	13,505	6,620	6,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	5,735	2,690	3,045
Peruvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	2,670	1,270	1,395
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	8,895	4,535	4,360
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	4,535	2,235	2,295
Berber	20	0	15	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	995	550	450
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	3,240	1,810	1,430
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	1,535	800	730
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	925	440	485
Slovenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	3,860	1,935	1,925
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	5,220	2,505	2,715
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	1,545	790	760
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	4,210	2,140	2,070
Eritrean	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	11,010	5,580	5,430
African Canadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	2,605	1,305	1,305
Israeli	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	1,920	995	925
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	1,965	1,020	950
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	8,235	3,925	4,310
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	2,490	1,205	1,290
Albertan	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	26,600	13,605	12,990
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	4,015	2,025	1,995
Barbadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	1,725	835	895
African American	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	3,250	1,665	1,585
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	4,085	1,990	2,095
Tunisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	855	440	415
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	3,640	1,890	1,745
Cuban	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	2,125	985	1,140
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	4,170	2,065	2,100
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	4,240	2,015	2,220
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	250	110	140
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	2,920	1,450	1,470
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	2,190	1,090	1,095
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	2,205	1,060	1,140
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	2,395	1,185	1,210
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	3,640	1,660	1,985
Laotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	2,460	1,225	1,235
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	6,045	2,785	3,255
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	2,525	1,205	1,320
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	2,405	1,230	1,175
British Columbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	1,940	965	980
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	980	465	515
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	320	190	130
Argentinian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	2,030	1,030	1,000
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	2,640	1,280	1,365
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	2,290	1,180	1,110
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	4,155	2,040	2,115
Jatt	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	2,875	1,445	1,430
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	2,195	1,125	1,070
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	1,285	650	635
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	3,535	1,240	2,295
Dominican	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	1,005	525	480
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	5,140	2,655	2,485
Kabyle	20	15	10	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	225	125	95
Assyrian	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	690	345	350
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	5,245	2,750	2,495
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	2,310	1,120	1,190
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	4,220	2,020	2,200
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	11,115	5,290	5,830
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	135	65	70
Moldovan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	2,070	1,065	1,005
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	1,360	645	710
New Zealander	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	3,175	1,630	1,545
Sudanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	5,225	2,690	2,530
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	320	155	165
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	1,950	770	1,180
Malaysian	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	2,640	1,205	1,435
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	5,360	2,660	2,705
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	965	470	490
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	240	140	105
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	4,150	1,935	2,210
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	2,200	1,080	1,125
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	80	55	25
Norman	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	495	330	165
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	2,715	1,400	1,315
Ivorian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	685	330	360
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	1,990	910	1,075
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	550	240	315
Burundian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	1,155	575	580
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	5,075	2,745	2,325
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	1,780	895	880
Mauritian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	985	450	540
Kenyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	2,710	1,315	1,395
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	135	40	95
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	445	200	250
Jordanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	1,175	575	600
Manitoban	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	1,595	845	750
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	665	305	355
Rwandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	1,605	860	745
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	600	245	355
Malayali	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	1,705	900	800
Chaldean	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	255	140	115
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	1,220	590	630
Mayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	1,405	710	695
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	905	395	515
Cherokee	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	2,075	1,030	1,040
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	910	460	455
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	310	150	155
Flemish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	1,530	740	785
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	520	250	265
Senegalese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	380	215	155
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	975	500	475
Sicilian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	345	185	155
Pashtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	1,370	715	650
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	1,785	855	925
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	565	295	270
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	865	440	435
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	850	455	395
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	2,825	1,300	1,530
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	1,115	535	580
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	1,690	805	885
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	230	100	130
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	30	20	10
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	340	185	160
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	250	135	110
Ugandan	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	1,595	780	815
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	3,745	2,025	1,715
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	1,500	775	725
Yemeni	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	1,160	565	595
Central African	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	320	165	155
Libyan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	1,010	620	395
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	475	235	240
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	285	145	145
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	840	400	445
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	735	410	330
Igorot	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	2,535	1,145	1,395
Fulani	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	370	190	180
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	2,295	1,120	1,180
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	370	190	185
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	535	235	300
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	585	280	310
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	110	55	55
Beninese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	320	160	165
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	580	310	270
Roma	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	655	305	350
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	595	290	305
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	225	120	105
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	125	50	75
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	1,195	575	620
Singaporean	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	780	340	440
Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	1,120	560	560
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	1,145	625	525
Tajik	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	370	185	190
Amhara	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	1,755	925	825
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	310	125	185
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	515	265	255	660	360	305	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Buddhist	0	0	0	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	42,830	19,140	23,690
Christian	365	185	180	320	170	150	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	60	30	30	45	25	25	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	429,375	207,320	222,055
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	20,035	10,075	9,960
Anglican	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	95,560	43,925	51,635
Baptist	0	0	0	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	44,605	20,650	23,955
Catholic	230	115	115	250	130	125	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	833,025	399,750	433,275
Christian Orthodox	20	15	10	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	63,775	30,995	32,775
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	18,185	7,955	10,235
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	47,125	22,540	24,580
Lutheran	0	0	0	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	78,925	36,470	42,455
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	9,640	4,400	5,240
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	53,900	25,250	28,655
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	22,850	10,360	12,495
Reformed	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	14,735	7,310	7,430
United Church	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	153,820	67,205	86,615
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	35	20	15	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	124,265	58,235	66,030
Hindu	0	0	0	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	78,520	40,435	38,085
Jewish	0	0	0	10	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	11,390	5,475	5,915
Muslim	60	25	30	35	15	20	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	202,535	103,635	98,900
Sikh	0	0	0	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	103,600	52,505	51,100
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	19,755	9,640	10,120
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	33,220	14,325	18,905
No religion and secular perspectives	85	45	35	290	165	130	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	1,676,045	890,645	785,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	520	265	250	655	350	300	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825
Non-movers	505	255	250	580	325	255	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695
Movers	10	10	0	75	25	45	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	548,535	271,400	277,130
Non-migrants	10	10	0	60	25	40	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	367,325	182,230	185,100
Migrants	0	0	0	15	0	10	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	181,205	89,170	92,035
Internal migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	152,655	75,275	77,380
Intraprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	107,180	52,880	54,295
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	45,475	22,390	23,090
External migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	293,955	147,585	146,370	28,555	13,900	14,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	490	260	230	650	350	300	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000
Non-movers	350	180	175	315	180	135	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590
Movers	140	75	60	340	170	170	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	1,615,755	802,340	813,415
Non-migrants	100	55	45	180	80	105	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	854,765	427,660	427,105
Migrants	40	25	15	155	90	65	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	760,990	374,680	386,305
Internal migrants	35	20	15	75	50	20	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	596,980	295,120	301,860
Intraprovincial migrants	30	15	15	70	50	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	431,785	213,950	217,830
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	10	0	10	921,345	459,695	461,650	165,195	81,160	84,035
External migrants	0	0	0	80	35	45	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	164,015	79,565	84,445
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	435	220	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	105	55	50	40	20	15	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	595,665	322,765	272,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	330	165	165	555	300	255	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	120	120	450	240	210	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	20	20	10	15	0	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	274,480	156,485	117,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	215	100	115	440	235	205	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	430	215	215	595	320	270	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	100	45	50	40	20	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	522,835	275,555	247,275
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	95	55	45	90	60	30	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	972,110	482,900	489,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	235	120	120	465	240	225	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	1,880,185	917,400	962,790
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	140	70	75	135	85	55	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	1,014,810	524,770	490,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	60	45	15	50	30	20	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	295,285	232,120	63,165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	45	35	15	30	15	20	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	87,195	51,295	35,900
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	20	20	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	208,090	180,830	27,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	75	20	60	70	40	25	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	612,690	250,540	362,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	15	10	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	106,840	42,105	64,735
Bachelor's degree or higher	95	55	45	330	165	165	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	865,370	392,625	472,745
Bachelor's degree	65	30	35	180	85	95	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	605,025	265,105	339,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	40	20	20	556,510	243,200	313,310	44,915	19,815	25,100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	10	0	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	23,880	12,100	11,775
Master's degree	20	10	10	95	40	50	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	164,245	79,220	85,025
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	27,315	16,385	10,920
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	235	115	120	455	240	215	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	10	10	0	15	0	10	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	227,880	126,960	100,920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35	20	15	65	40	30	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	581,820	298,415	283,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	185	85	100	375	195	180	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	1,488,465	716,410	772,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	105	45	60	95	55	45	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	774,420	401,065	373,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	40	30	0	45	25	20	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	220,930	175,185	45,745
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	20	0	25	10	20	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	61,815	37,400	24,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	15	15	0	15	15	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	159,110	137,785	21,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	60	10	50	45	25	25	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	472,155	193,510	278,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	0	0	0	10	10	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	81,335	32,370	48,965
Bachelor's degree or higher	85	45	35	275	140	135	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	714,040	315,340	398,700
Bachelor's degree	45	20	30	155	80	75	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	497,885	213,625	284,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	0	0	0	40	15	20	430,875	179,230	251,645	35,125	15,110	20,020
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	20,045	9,435	10,615
Master's degree	15	15	10	75	40	35	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	139,935	65,290	74,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	10	10	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	21,050	11,880	9,165
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	430	215	215	595	320	275	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	195	100	90	130	80	50	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	1,494,945	758,460	736,490
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	129,710	30,305	99,400
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	129,710	30,305	99,400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20	0	15	35	15	25	631,255	274,065	357,190	49,820	20,045	29,775
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	5,805	4,125	1,675
50. Visual and performing arts	20	0	15	25	0	25	556,470	220,680	335,790	44,015	15,915	28,100
Humanities	10	10	0	40	20	25	926,560	354,120	572,440	75,030	29,415	45,615
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	7,385	1,545	5,845
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	15,425	4,255	11,170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	20	15	10	316,050	119,215	196,830	24,015	8,710	15,315
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	1,165	400	760
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	5,555	3,090	2,465
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	11,680	6,855	4,830
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	8,065	4,165	3,895
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	10	56,440	14,090	42,345	1,735	400	1,335
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	20	75	30	50	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	177,435	57,365	120,070
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	2,750	620	2,130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	25	10	15	233,400	88,205	145,200	21,730	8,340	13,395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	29,220	2,090	27,125
22. Legal professions and studies	15	0	15	20	10	10	325,785	115,335	210,445	31,215	10,250	20,965
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	3,045	1,025	2,015
42. Psychology	0	0	0	15	0	10	327,965	79,295	248,665	31,925	7,565	24,355
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	20	10	10	705,540	336,960	368,580	57,565	27,475	30,085
Business, management and public administration	75	40	35	105	55	50	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	390,110	151,140	238,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	615	160	455
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	23,375	4,465	18,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	75	40	35	105	55	50	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	366,120	146,520	219,605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	15	10	0	30	15	15	719,715	353,540	366,175	80,425	40,180	40,245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	0	10	297,055	121,615	175,435	29,505	11,950	17,555
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	18,630	8,340	10,295
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	1,115	400	715
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	10	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	26,315	17,555	8,760
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	4,860	1,930	2,930
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	20	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	71,380	45,230	26,150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30	20	10	643,145	454,370	188,775	58,030	39,530	18,500
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	4,400	600	3,800
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	7,770	4,330	3,435
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	1,190	765	420
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25	25	0	85	65	15	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	461,075	411,075	49,995
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	12,095	7,465	4,625
14. Engineering	0	0	0	50	40	15	900,475	723,080	177,395	114,735	92,365	22,370
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	106,575	91,350	15,225
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390	50	25	25
46. Construction trades	15	15	0	15	15	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	95,890	92,650	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	82,805	80,150	2,655
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	48,925	47,075	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	51,710	28,660	23,055
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	35,010	19,075	15,935
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	16,700	9,575	7,120
Health and related fields	25	10	15	35	10	25	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	295,415	56,225	239,190
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	20,505	9,625	10,885
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10	0	15	30	10	25	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	267,750	42,785	224,965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	475	180	295
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	6,680	3,635	3,050
Personal, protective and transportation services	25	15	10	15	0	10	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	97,660	47,575	50,075
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	15	10	15	0	10	548,520	151,115	397,410	57,430	15,580	41,845
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	365	335	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	705	605	100
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	19,025	12,445	6,580
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	20,125	18,615	1,520
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	420	190	235
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	240	115	120	450	240	210	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50	30	20	80	45	35	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	809,700	425,375	384,325
Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	92,240	19,980	72,255
13. Education	10	0	10	10	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	92,240	19,980	72,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	10	20	10	10	490,455	210,500	279,955	39,730	15,620	24,110
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	10	10	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	4,065	2,750	1,315
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	10	15	0	10	435,815	172,330	263,480	35,665	12,875	22,790
Humanities	10	0	0	20	0	20	649,695	241,235	408,465	58,200	22,205	35,990
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	5,945	1,210	4,740
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	12,145	3,310	8,825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	10	0	10	216,725	80,505	136,220	19,305	6,800	12,500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	890	295	590
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	4,385	2,430	1,950
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	8,135	4,740	3,395
54. History	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	6,205	3,160	3,040
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	10	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	1,190	250	940
Social and behavioural sciences and law	25	10	15	55	20	30	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	146,530	45,555	100,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	2,315	515	1,800
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	20	10	15	196,475	72,125	124,350	18,890	6,940	11,950
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	23,325	1,630	21,690
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	10	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	25,940	7,730	18,210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	2,545	825	1,715
42. Psychology	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	25,775	5,750	20,025
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	15	10	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	47,735	22,165	25,570
Business, management and public administration	65	40	30	100	50	50	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	317,125	121,510	195,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	450	135	315
44. Public administration and social service professions	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	18,680	3,200	15,480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	40	30	100	50	50	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	297,995	118,175	179,820
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	20	10	15	513,555	241,780	271,785	61,555	29,465	32,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	15	10	10	227,460	90,390	137,075	23,290	9,185	14,105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	14,260	6,255	8,010
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	900	315	580
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	19,655	12,320	7,335
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	3,445	1,385	2,055
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	0	0	0	30	20	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	61,125	39,035	22,085
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	30	20	10	554,185	392,835	161,350	51,435	34,910	16,530
25. Library science	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	2,945	460	2,490
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	5,775	3,080	2,700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	965	590	370
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15	15	0	75	60	15	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	362,315	318,170	44,135
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	9,600	5,585	4,020
14. Engineering	0	0	0	50	40	15	724,235	568,385	155,850	95,200	75,075	20,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	84,485	71,240	13,245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350	40	10	30
46. Construction trades	10	10	0	15	15	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	73,955	71,080	2,875
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	61,780	59,485	2,290
48. Precision production	0	0	0	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	37,260	35,705	1,555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	10	10	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	40,085	20,610	19,475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	10	10	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	26,160	12,965	13,205
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	13,925	7,650	6,275
Health and related fields	25	0	20	25	10	15	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	232,820	45,895	186,920
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	16,345	7,640	8,705
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15	0	15	25	10	15	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	210,650	35,325	175,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	400	145	255
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	5,430	2,785	2,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	20	10	10	10	0	10	772,450	399,835	372,615	76,410	38,205	38,205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	20	10	10	10	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590	43,535	12,080	31,455
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	300	275	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	445	390	55
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	15,885	10,385	5,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	16,245	15,080	1,165
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	350	145	205
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	240	115	120	450	240	210	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50	30	20	80	45	35	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	809,700	425,375	384,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	185	85	100	375	195	180	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	1,488,465	716,405	772,060
Location of study inside Canada	135	60	75	275	145	125	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	1,157,790	563,035	594,750
Same as province or territory of residence	130	55	75	265	145	125	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	886,080	429,870	456,210
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	10	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	271,710	133,165	138,545
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	50	30	25	100	50	50	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	330,675	153,370	177,305
Americas	20	15	0	20	10	10	483,810	238,040	245,775	54,515	26,775	27,740
United States of America	10	10	0	10	0	10	279,005	143,575	135,435	34,460	17,900	16,555
Mexico	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	4,820	2,255	2,565
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	625	300	320
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	190	125	65
Jamaica	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	1,470	665	805
Brazil	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	2,480	1,000	1,475
Colombia	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	3,200	1,335	1,865
Peru	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	640	220	420
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	2,395	995	1,400
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	4,235	1,975	2,265
Europe	0	0	0	60	30	25	543,725	281,205	262,520	54,920	28,570	26,350
Belgium	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	510	320	190
France	0	0	0	45	25	20	97,770	53,930	43,840	2,005	1,045	960
Germany	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	3,195	1,670	1,520
Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	2,110	1,215	890
Switzerland	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	945	515	435
Hungary	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	645	310	335
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	980	445	540
Poland	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	3,150	1,350	1,805
Romania	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	2,790	1,455	1,335
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	3,450	1,515	1,935
Ukraine	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	4,305	1,940	2,365
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	1,865	1,115	750
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	20,280	11,190	9,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	730	375	360
Italy	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	660	360	300
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	755	365	390
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	6,550	3,385	3,165
Africa	25	0	15	15	10	10	216,815	111,010	105,805	26,775	13,770	13,005
Nigeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	7,795	3,825	3,970
Algeria	25	0	15	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	670	345	325
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	1,085	615	475
Tunisia	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	505	305	200
Egypt	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	3,230	1,665	1,565
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	3,660	1,885	1,770
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	15	10	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	9,830	5,130	4,700
Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	188,060	80,750	107,315
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	3,440	1,605	1,835
Iraq	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	1,435	730	705
Israel	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	655	350	305
Lebanon	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	1,500	695	805
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	1,370	700	660
Turkey	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	895	540	360
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	17,320	7,525	9,795
Taiwan	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	960	245	715
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	1,245	425	820
Japan	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	1,935	530	1,405
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	6,990	2,990	4,000
Philippines	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	74,205	29,080	45,130
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	1,500	545	955
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	2,470	990	1,490
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	1,280	685	595
India	0	0	0	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	52,120	24,905	27,215
Pakistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	10,355	4,710	5,645
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	8,390	3,510	4,885
Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	6,410	3,505	2,905
Australia	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	4,880	2,560	2,320
New Zealand	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	1,105	680	425
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	425	265	160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	430	215	215	595	320	270	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280
In the labour force	240	130	115	430	245	185	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425
Employed	220	115	105	405	225	175	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135
Unemployed	20	10	10	25	15	10	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	264,650	138,365	126,290
Not in the labour force	190	90	100	165	80	85	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	1,079,750	459,900	619,845
Participation rate	55.8	60.5	53.5	72.3	76.6	68.5	63.7	67.7	59.8	68.0	72.6	63.5
Employment rate	51.2	53.5	48.8	68.1	70.3	64.8	57.1	60.9	53.4	60.2	64.3	56.1
Unemployment rate	8.3	7.7	8.7	5.8	6.1	5.4	10.3	9.9	10.7	11.5	11.4	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	430	215	215	595	320	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Did not work¹⁸⁶	190	85	105	155	70	80	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	1,140,745	497,150	643,595
Worked	245	135	110	440	250	190	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	100	55	45	280	150	125	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	1,164,455	670,620	493,835
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	145	80	65	165	100	65	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	1,069,930	508,085	561,840
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	38.0	42.4	43.6	43.8	43.4	41.0	41.7	40.3	40.8	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	240	130	110	430	245	185	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	70,455	34,850	35,605
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	235	125	110	420	240	185	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
Employee	215	115	100	355	195	155	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	1,876,950	967,450	909,500
Permanent position	190	100	95	320	185	135	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	1,560,435	814,805	745,625
Temporary position	20	15	10	30	15	15	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	316,520	152,640	163,880
Fixed term (1 year or more)	15	15	0	10	0	0	867,740	386,965	480,775	97,610	44,060	53,555
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	15	0	10	20	0	15	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	218,905	108,585	110,320
Self-employed¹⁹²	15	10	0	70	45	25	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	347,975	213,655	134,320
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	240	130	110	430	245	185	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	70,455	34,850	35,605
All occupations¹⁹¹	235	125	110	420	240	185	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	23,120	16,455	6,665
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	50	15	30	95	45	50	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	373,795	110,275	263,520
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	0	0	0	90	60	35	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	182,880	140,540	42,340
3 Health occupations	40	10	30	30	10	20	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	182,480	34,585	147,895
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	25	10	15	55	20	30	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	246,625	82,115	164,510
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	10	0	30	15	15	596,785	275,420	321,360	51,815	21,140	30,675
6 Sales and service occupations	75	50	20	75	35	40	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	538,930	232,640	306,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	20	20	0	35	35	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	441,955	399,605	42,345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	99,430	77,250	22,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0	15	20	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	83,895	66,480	17,415
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	240	130	110	430	245	185	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	10	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	70,455	34,850	35,605
All industries¹⁹¹	235	125	110	420	240	185	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	63,965	42,305	21,665
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	112,890	88,690	24,200
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	22,630	15,900	6,735
23 Construction	15	15	0	45	40	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	210,350	177,845	32,505
31-33 Manufacturing	20	15	10	30	20	10	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	118,890	88,735	30,155
41 Wholesale trade	0	0	0	15	10	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	71,580	50,655	20,930
44-45 Retail trade	20	10	10	35	20	10	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	253,030	117,605	135,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	0	0	0	0	0	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	128,410	96,000	32,410
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	25	10	10	400,460	237,940	162,520	28,680	16,625	12,055
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	40	25	20	815,225	358,145	457,080	68,355	27,225	41,135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	15	10	0	10	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	39,400	21,625	17,775
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15	10	10	80	40	40	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	177,895	99,055	78,840
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	4,420	2,075	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	0	10	0	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	91,750	51,325	40,430
61 Educational services	20	15	0	25	0	15	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	149,170	43,775	105,400
62 Health care and social assistance	50	10	40	40	20	30	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	285,090	51,930	233,155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	15	10	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	42,685	20,880	21,805
72 Accommodation and food services	20	15	10	10	10	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	132,930	57,280	75,650
81 Other services (except public administration)	10	0	0	15	0	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	104,530	50,355	54,175
91 Public administration	0	0	0	20	15	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	118,270	61,230	57,040
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	275	150	125	455	260	200	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
English	15	10	0	55	25	35	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975
French	120	70	50	240	155	85	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	3,840	1,145	2,695
Non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	14,015	7,470	6,545
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	245	140	105
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	13,770	7,330	6,440
English and French	115	55	60	150	80	75	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	20,015	8,200	11,815
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	61,830	31,865	29,965
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	45	15	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	1,550	765	785
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	885	475	410
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	275	150	125	455	260	200	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
Single responses	235	125	110	430	255	180	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120
Official languages	225	120	105	430	255	175	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135
English	40	30	10	85	40	45	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165
French	190	95	100	345	215	130	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	6,900	1,930	4,970
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	25,965	13,980	11,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	765	425	340
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	695	400	300
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	630	355	280
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	630	355	280
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	55	30	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	55	20	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	520	295	220
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	10	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	45	20	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	45	20	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	40	20	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	15	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	25,200	13,555	11,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	1,025	535	495
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	165	70	95
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	135	60	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	850	450	400
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	100	50	60
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	600	315	280
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340	10	10	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	125	60	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	1,305	500	805
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285	20	0	15
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	1,275	480	795
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	1,160	540	620
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	15	0	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	70	40	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	1,065	490	570
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	90	35	55
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110	40	20	25
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	30	10	25
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	15	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	12,180	7,175	5,010
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	780	300	480
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	780	300	480
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	20	0	15
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	225	90	135
Russian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	305	100	200
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	90	45	45
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	10	0	10
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	55	35	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	115	55	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	3,025	1,985	1,045
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	1,555	970	580
German	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	1,540	965	575
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	1,445	995	455
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440	85	50	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	330	245	80
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	1,025	695	330
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430	15	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	5,660	3,440	2,220
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	5,435	3,340	2,100
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355	10	0	10
Gujarati	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	135	65	65
Hindi	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	280	150	135
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	70	20	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	4,630	2,975	1,655
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	15	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	285	125	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	220	100	120
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	10	0	10
Persian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	210	95	110
Dari	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360	70	30	40
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	115	55	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	25	20	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	2,660	1,415	1,245
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	45	25	20
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	125	75	50
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310	75	45	35
Spanish	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	2,420	1,275	1,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	20	15	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	205	70	135
Korean	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	1,250	630	620
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200	65	30	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	15	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	200	100	100
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	170	80	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	7,340	3,725	3,615
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	7,295	3,700	3,605
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	3,105	1,570	1,535
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	4,145	2,095	2,050
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220	40	30	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	40	20	15
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	25	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450	170	65	100
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	15	10	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	150	55	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	145	115	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	145	115	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270	50	30	20
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	45	30	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	40	25	15	25	0	20	453,880	231,205	222,675	14,630	7,530	7,100
English and French	40	25	15	25	0	20	321,975	163,305	158,675	2,560	1,105	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	11,695	6,245	5,440
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	145	65	75
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	190	90	105
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	275	150	125	455	260	200	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
None	170	100	70	320	180	140	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590
English	65	25	45	110	60	45	902,625	474,755	427,875	13,200	6,355	6,840
French	25	15	0	25	15	10	589,755	288,955	300,800	14,630	6,410	8,215
Non-official language	15	0	0	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	36,335	18,310	18,025
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	2,125	865	1,255
Non-Indigenous	15	0	0	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	34,210	17,445	16,765
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	35	25	10
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	1,080	540	540
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	1,125	565	560
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	4,760	2,335	2,420
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	220	115	105	405	225	175	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140
Worked at home	30	15	20	150	85	65	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	446,315	211,420	234,900
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	5,430	4,105	1,330
No fixed workplace address	25	25	0	15	10	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	319,675	242,835	76,845
Usual place of work	165	80	90	240	135	105	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	165	80	85	240	135	105	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	145	65	80	180	105	80	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	902,040	419,240	482,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	20	0	15	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	292,360	157,820	134,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	20	15	10	40	25	20	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	52,590	34,120	18,470
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	12,315	8,060	4,260
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	195	105	85	255	140	110	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Car, truck or van	135	80	55	110	75	35	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	1,378,685	765,905	612,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	115	80	40	95	70	25	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	1,287,940	730,925	557,015
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	20	0	15	15	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050	90,740	34,980	55,760
Public transit	25	15	10	100	45	60	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	88,255	39,915	48,345
Walked	25	0	15	25	15	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	62,810	27,445	35,360
Bicycle	0	0	0	15	10	10	138,615	92,195	46,415	11,370	7,975	3,395
Other method	0	0	0	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	37,865	20,820	17,040
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	195	105	85	255	140	110	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	15	20	10	0	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	487,710	225,360	262,355
15 to 29 minutes	75	35	40	80	60	20	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	610,485	333,105	277,385
30 to 44 minutes	65	40	25	105	45	55	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	302,735	184,370	118,365
45 to 59 minutes	10	10	0	30	10	20	910,610	542,485	368,125	87,230	55,475	31,755
60 minutes and over	15	0	0	15	15	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	90,815	63,765	27,050
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	195	105	85	255	140	110	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	0	0	0	15	0	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	116,400	88,060	28,340
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	25	10	15	30	15	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	296,930	194,765	102,165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40	35	0	40	20	25	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	424,170	228,535	195,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	45	20	20	85	45	45	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	299,145	134,910	164,240
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	55	20	40	40	25	15	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	195,835	83,185	112,655
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20	15	0	40	35	10	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	246,495	132,620	113,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	100	55	45	80	45	35	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	971,390	499,245	472,145
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15	10	5	5	10	5	897,205	456,120	441,085	67,140	34,000	33,140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	50	35	75	35	35	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	904,245	465,240	439,005
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	65	40	25	55	30	20	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	704,490	362,400	342,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10	5	5	5	5	0	682,190	346,420	335,770	49,735	25,180	24,555
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	5	5	5	5	0	467,685	234,475	233,215	24,675	12,010	12,665
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	5	0	0	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	25,055	13,170	11,890
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	55	35	20	50	30	20	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	654,755	337,220	317,530

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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