Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	24660082More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			Newfoundland and LabradorMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	676	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	510,550	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	519,716	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	- 1.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	340	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	269,184	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	319	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	223,253	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	8,546.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	1.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	0.08	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	358,170.37	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	675	355	315	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	510,550	250,075	260,475
0 to 14 years	105	65	45	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	68,190	35,050	33,140
0 to 4 years	40	25	20	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	18,985	9,760	9,225
5 to 9 years	35	20	15	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	23,030	11,750	11,280
10 to 14 years	30	15	15	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	26,175	13,535	12,640
15 to 64 years	480	255	225	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	321,750	158,345	163,405
15 to 19 years	30	20	10	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	25,720	13,275	12,445
20 to 24 years	25	10	15	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	26,075	13,555	12,515
25 to 29 years	45	25	20	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	25,045	12,610	12,440
30 to 34 years	55	35	25	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	27,525	13,520	14,005
35 to 39 years	45	30	20	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	29,445	14,205	15,240
40 to 44 years	55	25	30	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	30,890	14,775	16,115
45 to 49 years	50	25	25	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	33,995	16,485	17,510
50 to 54 years	50	25	25	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	38,375	18,685	19,685
55 to 59 years	55	25	30	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	42,150	20,530	21,615
60 to 64 years	60	30	30	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	42,520	20,695	21,830
65 years and over	90	40	50	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	120,610	56,680	63,930
65 to 69 years	45	20	25	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	40,450	19,715	20,735
70 to 74 years	15	10	5	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	34,405	16,600	17,805
75 to 79 years	15	5	5	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	22,365	10,585	11,780
80 to 84 years	10	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	13,240	5,960	7,280
85 years and over	5	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	10,155	3,820	6,335
85 to 89 years	5	0	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	6,745	2,835	3,910
90 to 94 years	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	2,710	835	1,880
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	620	135	485
100 years and over	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	80	15	65
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	18.3	14.3	16.3	16.9	15.6	13.4	14.0	12.7
15 to 64 years	71.1	71.8	71.4	64.8	65.4	64.2	63.0	63.3	62.7
65 years and over	13.3	11.3	15.9	19.0	17.7	20.2	23.6	22.7	24.5
85 years and over	0.7	0.0	1.6	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.0	1.5	2.4
Average age of the population	40.6	38.9	42.6	41.9	41.0	42.8	45.5	44.7	46.3
Median age of the population	42.0	38.8	44.0	41.6	40.4	42.8	48.4	47.6	49.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,255	...	...
Single-detached house	10	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	161,410	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	8,695	...	...
Row house	65	...	...	980,110	...	...	10,770	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	65	...	...	821,490	...	...	27,535	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	130	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	12,325	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	810	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	34,880	...	...	410	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	1,295	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
1 person	140	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	62,290	...	...
2 persons	95	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	90,925	...	...
3 persons	40	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	35,080	...	...
4 persons	35	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	25,555	...	...
5 or more persons	15	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	9,400	...	...
Number of persons in private households	665	355	310	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	502,100	246,180	255,920
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	565	295	275	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	442,360	215,025	227,335
Married or living common-law	265	135	130	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	266,210	132,975	133,230
Married	135	70	65	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	217,395	108,630	108,765
Living common-law	130	60	60	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	48,815	24,345	24,470
Living common law - Never married	110	60	55	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	36,680	18,205	18,475
Living common law - Separated	5	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	1,495	790	710
Living common law - Divorced	15	5	5	721,715	365,760	355,950	9,220	4,730	4,485
Living common law - Widowed	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	1,420	625	800
Not married and not living common-law	305	165	140	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	176,150	82,050	94,100
Not married and not living common law - Never married	240	150	90	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	112,120	60,560	51,555
Not married and not living common law - Separated	5	0	5	741,135	319,045	422,090	9,275	4,105	5,170
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	45	15	35	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	24,040	10,390	13,650
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15	0	10	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	30,715	6,990	23,725
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	165	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	155,770	...	...
2 persons	85	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	92,630	...	...
3 persons	30	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	33,290	...	...
4 persons	30	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	23,460	...	...
5 or more persons	10	...	...	855,960	...	...	6,385	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	160	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	155,770	...	...
Total couple families	125	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	131,220	...	...
Married couples	65	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	106,815	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	44,510	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	62,305	...	...
Common-law couples	65	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	24,410	...	...
With children⁶	35	...	...	808,645	...	...	9,890	...	...
Without children	30	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	14,520	...	...
Total one-parent families	30	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	24,550	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	20	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	19,165	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	10	...	...	383,670	...	...	5,390	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	670	355	310	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	502,095	246,180	255,915
Total - Persons in census families	470	250	215	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	412,540	204,540	208,000
Married spouses or common-law partners	260	130	130	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	262,445	131,075	131,365
Parents in one-parent families	35	10	20	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	24,545	5,385	19,165
Children⁶	180	110	65	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	125,550	68,075	57,475
In a two-parent family	135	80	55	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	89,780	48,510	41,265
In a one-parent family	50	35	15	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	35,775	19,560	16,210
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	195	100	90	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	89,555	41,640	47,915
Living alone	140	75	65	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	62,290	27,780	34,505
Living with other relatives⁷	15	10	5	927,345	393,085	534,260	10,565	4,510	6,055
Living with non-relatives only	40	15	25	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	16,705	9,350	7,350
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	320	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	223,255	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	145	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	142,615	...	...
Couple-family households	115	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	122,700	...	...
With children⁶	60	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	50,825	...	...
Without children	50	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	71,875	...	...
One-parent-family households	30	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	19,915	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	5	...	...	441,745	...	...	4,405	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	680	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5	...	...	450,415	...	...	5,150	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	20	...	...	663,835	...	...	8,115	...	...
One-person households	140	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	62,290	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	560	295	270	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	433,960	211,160	222,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	285	255	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	420,110	204,470	215,640
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	39,600	38,800	41,200	46,400	36,800	36,800	42,000	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	540	285	255	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	420,245	204,535	215,710
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	34,800	35,200	36,800	40,800	33,600	33,200	37,200	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	235	220	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	344,460	173,270	171,185
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	37,600	28,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	30,400	36,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	385	205	180	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	281,445	143,845	137,600
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	37,200	35,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	31,600	37,600	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	455	230	215	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	348,520	160,975	187,545
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	10,500	13,800	9,800	8,500	11,000	14,100	15,400	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70	40	35	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	94,175	52,465	41,710
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,200	6,080	6,500	5,720	5,760	5,720	9,000	10,700	7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	180	105	75	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	108,460	53,620	54,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	530	265	265	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	433,955	211,180	222,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	260	260	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	420,035	204,425	215,615
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	42,000	42,000	54,450	62,650	46,560	48,440	56,000	41,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	515	260	260	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	420,205	204,500	215,705
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	36,000	36,400	44,920	50,320	39,680	40,120	45,280	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	425	205	220	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	344,305	172,860	171,440
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,200	39,200	33,200	50,240	59,500	41,000	44,960	52,600	37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	375	180	190	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	281,460	143,435	138,025
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,800	38,800	32,800	50,280	58,050	42,000	45,520	52,900	37,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	435	220	220	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	348,550	160,890	187,660
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,000	12,600	15,500	11,170	10,180	12,060	13,980	14,660	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100	50	45	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	93,945	52,210	41,730
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,400	7,000	10,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	10,560	11,390	9,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	200	110	85	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	107,225	52,880	54,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	7,800	9,400	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,510	8,410	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	530	265	265	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	433,955	211,180	222,780
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	85	85	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	117,415	58,570	58,845
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	52,000	47,600	63,600	69,000	58,000	62,000	71,000	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	53,200	58,000	49,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	74,100	85,300	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	160	80	80	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	125,435	65,115	60,315
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	22,600	12,500	18,400	21,000	16,600	17,000	21,000	14,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	23,000	19,500	29,160	33,960	24,860	28,280	34,680	21,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	71.5	74.0	69.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	76.0	79.4	71.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	65.0	59.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	63.0	66.2	58.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	28.2	25.6	31.2	17.8	13.7	23.1	24.0	20.6	28.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.8	3.4	4.4	1.4	1.2	1.7	4.9	5.2	4.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.4	8.6	8.4	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.2	4.4	6.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	7.6	8.0	7.4	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.5	3.9	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	560	295	265	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	433,955	211,165	222,795
Without total income	20	15	10	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	13,850	6,695	7,160
With total income	540	280	260	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	420,105	204,470	215,640
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	33,110	13,365	19,740
$10,000 to $19,999	65	35	30	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	58,585	22,825	35,755
$20,000 to $29,999	85	45	45	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	76,150	33,170	42,985
$30,000 to $39,999	80	40	40	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	60,370	27,370	33,000
$40,000 to $49,999	85	30	50	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	49,770	24,100	25,675
$50,000 to $59,999	65	35	25	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	35,470	18,230	17,240
$60,000 to $69,999	45	30	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	25,270	14,110	11,165
$70,000 to $79,999	30	20	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	18,730	11,075	7,655
$80,000 to $89,999	20	10	15	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	14,360	8,340	6,025
$90,000 to $99,999	5	5	0	965,950	553,435	412,510	12,190	6,490	5,705
$100,000 and over	15	5	5	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	36,100	25,390	10,705
$100,000 to $149,999	10	5	5	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	24,300	16,195	8,100
$150,000 and over	0	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	11,800	9,195	2,605
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	560	295	265	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	433,955	211,165	222,795
Without after-tax income	20	15	10	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	13,715	6,630	7,085
With after-tax income	540	280	260	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	420,240	204,530	215,710
Under $10,000 (including loss)	40	25	20	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	34,805	13,790	21,020
$10,000 to $19,999	70	35	30	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	61,075	23,935	37,140
$20,000 to $29,999	105	55	55	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	90,885	40,070	50,820
$30,000 to $39,999	105	50	55	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	70,360	33,440	36,920
$40,000 to $49,999	100	55	45	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	53,695	27,250	26,445
$50,000 to $59,999	55	35	25	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	35,135	19,635	15,505
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	20	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	23,040	13,290	9,750
$70,000 to $79,999	10	5	5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	17,395	9,435	7,955
$80,000 to $89,999	0	0	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	10,510	6,455	4,060
$90,000 to $99,999	5	0	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	6,710	4,575	2,135
$100,000 and over	0	0	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	16,635	12,660	3,975
$100,000 to $124,999	0	0	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	8,830	6,685	2,145
$125,000 and over	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	7,810	5,975	1,830
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	560	295	265	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	433,955	211,165	222,795
Without employment income	175	90	85	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	152,515	67,315	85,200
With employment income	385	205	180	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	281,440	143,850	137,595
Under $5,000 (including loss)	45	25	20	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	43,605	20,650	22,955
$5,000 to $9,999	30	10	15	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	24,040	10,510	13,535
$10,000 to $19,999	55	25	25	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	39,050	18,065	20,980
$20,000 to $29,999	50	30	20	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	29,510	13,885	15,630
$30,000 to $39,999	35	15	15	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	24,920	11,660	13,255
$40,000 to $49,999	50	25	25	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	23,160	11,130	12,030
$50,000 to $59,999	40	20	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	18,900	9,605	9,300
$60,000 to $69,999	40	20	15	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	15,375	8,650	6,725
$70,000 to $79,999	15	10	10	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	12,830	7,455	5,375
$80,000 to $89,999	15	5	5	929,490	539,395	390,095	10,865	6,125	4,745
$90,000 to $99,999	10	5	0	760,035	439,505	320,530	10,060	5,140	4,920
$100,000 and over	10	5	0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	29,120	20,975	8,145
$100,000 to $124,999	5	0	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	13,095	8,420	4,670
$125,000 and over	5	5	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	16,030	12,560	3,470
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	560	295	270	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	433,960	211,160	222,800
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	275	255	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	413,080	200,885	212,190
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	39,200	33,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	35,200	42,400	29,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	530	275	255	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	413,440	200,925	212,515
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	34,000	31,000	35,200	40,000	31,200	31,800	37,600	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	445	230	220	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	343,320	172,525	170,795
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,000	29,200	36,800	44,000	30,800	32,400	39,600	26,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	380	195	180	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	285,685	145,760	139,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,400	33,600	38,000	44,400	32,800	33,600	41,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	425	215	215	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	317,925	144,350	173,580
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,520	8,400	4,240	1,960	6,450	11,400	12,900	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	60	30	25	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	89,840	50,045	39,800
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,240	4,200	4,480	5,720	5,560	5,960	9,900	11,100	8,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	530	265	265	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	433,955	211,180	222,775
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	250	265	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	412,905	200,710	212,195
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	36,400	36,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	47,880	56,950	39,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	515	250	265	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	413,185	200,730	212,455
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,500	31,600	31,400	42,920	49,000	37,160	39,160	45,280	33,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	430	200	230	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	343,150	172,125	171,020
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,400	38,000	33,200	51,040	60,800	41,320	46,960	56,150	37,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	365	175	190	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	285,920	145,370	140,550
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	37,600	33,600	50,560	58,800	41,800	47,600	56,600	38,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	410	195	210	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	318,000	144,305	173,695
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,440	7,800	9,000	7,950	6,990	8,800	11,520	12,280	10,890
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60	30	30	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	89,750	49,650	40,105
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,200	4,800	3,600	7,560	6,880	8,210	10,810	11,570	9,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	530	265	265	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	433,955	211,180	222,780
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	175	85	85	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	116,735	58,240	58,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	42,800	39,200	42,800	60,000	66,000	53,600	59,600	69,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	47,600	50,000	46,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	71,900	83,400	60,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	130	60	75	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	118,095	61,650	56,445
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,000	37,200	21,800	24,200	28,000	21,800	21,800	28,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	33,000	23,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	35,600	44,720	25,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	84.0	80.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	81.4	84.4	77.4
Employment income (%)	69.5	72.0	67.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	68.8	72.0	64.6
Government transfers (%)	18.4	16.8	20.0	12.3	8.9	16.9	18.5	15.5	22.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.6	1.2	1.2	1.0	1.6	4.9	5.0	4.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	84,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	73,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	140	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	62,290	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	33,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	30,600	...	...	37,200	...	...	30,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	180	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	160,965	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	325	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	106,300	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,200	...	...	87,700	...	...	75,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	62,255	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	44,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	37,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	160	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	161,000	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	109,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	90,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	165,175	...	...	1,205	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	1,940	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	178,475	...	...	3,955	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	274,140	...	...	4,225	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15	...	...	637,695	...	...	13,545	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	15	...	...	505,875	...	...	8,965	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	20	...	...	488,735	...	...	11,210	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	560,950	...	...	11,940	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	20	...	...	572,650	...	...	9,905	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15	...	...	559,155	...	...	9,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	25	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	17,255	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	15,890	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	25	...	...	986,460	...	...	14,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	921,205	...	...	13,500	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	844,835	...	...	11,845	...	...
$100,000 and over	75	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	73,915	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	23,090	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	25	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	16,110	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	15	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	19,040	...	...
$200,000 and over	5	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	15,670	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	186,735	...	...	1,325	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	1,990	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	183,430	...	...	4,010	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	20	...	...	289,545	...	...	4,420	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	681,900	...	...	14,530	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	589,110	...	...	10,570	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	25	...	...	582,275	...	...	12,420	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	666,675	...	...	13,505	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	35	...	...	676,995	...	...	11,555	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	10	...	...	655,100	...	...	10,590	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	20	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	20,725	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	25	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	19,100	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	20	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	17,215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	20	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	14,690	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	20	...	...	911,515	...	...	12,220	...	...
$100,000 and over	50	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	54,400	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	35	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	22,095	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	13,900	...	...
$150,000 and over	10	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	18,400	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	160	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	155,065	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	55	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	72,470	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	79,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	70	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	55,360	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	30	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	22,810	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,400	...	...	70,000	...	...	57,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	64,000	...	...	53,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	180	95	85	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	78,990	37,135	41,860
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600	32,400	38,400	40,000	36,800	32,400	34,400	30,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,600	30,800	30,000	34,800	36,000	33,600	29,600	31,200	28,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	145	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	155,085	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	90,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	72,460	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	92,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	76,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	60	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	55,455	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	149,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	22,715	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	68,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	60,550	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	195	95	95	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	79,130	36,820	42,310
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,000	36,500	49,440	52,050	46,880	42,640	45,800	39,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,000	32,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	36,280	38,160	34,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	665	355	315	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	502,100	246,180	255,920
0 to 17 years	130	80	55	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	83,475	43,000	40,475
0 to 5 years	55	30	25	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	23,495	12,075	11,420
18 to 64 years	450	240	210	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	303,880	148,535	155,345
65 years and over	85	35	45	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	114,740	54,650	60,100
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	105	60	45	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	76,355	34,610	41,745
0 to 17 years	15	10	5	854,565	439,490	415,075	12,860	6,710	6,160
0 to 5 years	5	5	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	4,075	2,150	1,930
18 to 64 years	75	40	35	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	34,385	15,670	18,715
65 years and over	20	10	10	985,745	391,695	594,050	29,105	12,230	16,875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.0	17.5	14.8	11.1	10.5	11.6	15.2	14.1	16.3
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	14.0	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	15.4	15.6	15.2
0 to 5 years (%)	12.0	20.0	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	17.3	17.8	16.9
18 to 64 years (%)	16.5	17.5	15.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	11.3	10.6	12.1
65 years and over (%)	24.0	25.0	24.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	25.4	22.4	28.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	670	355	310	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	499,080	244,690	254,385
0 to 17 years	130	80	50	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	82,500	42,530	39,975
0 to 5 years	55	35	20	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	23,165	11,925	11,240
18 to 64 years	455	240	215	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	302,020	147,620	154,400
65 years and over	80	40	45	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	114,555	54,540	60,015
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	65	40	25	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	18,330	9,235	9,095
0 to 17 years	5	5	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	2,780	1,460	1,325
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	880	460	420
18 to 64 years	55	30	25	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	14,335	7,315	7,020
65 years and over	5	5	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	1,210	460	750
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.0	11.0	8.5	5.2	5.4	5.0	3.7	3.8	3.6
0 to 17 years (%)	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	3.4	3.4	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	3.8	3.9	3.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.4	14.0	11.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	4.8	5.0	4.6
65 years and over (%)	6.0	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	1.1	0.8	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	665	355	315	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	502,100	246,180	255,920
In bottom half of the distribution	460	250	210	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	285,935	136,320	149,615
In bottom decile	95	55	40	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	60,890	28,000	32,890
In second decile	85	45	40	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	66,785	30,990	35,795
In third decile	85	40	45	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	56,155	27,020	29,135
In fourth decile	85	50	40	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	52,920	25,880	27,040
In fifth decile	105	60	50	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	49,185	24,430	24,750
In top half of the distribution	210	105	100	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	216,160	109,860	106,305
In sixth decile	70	40	30	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	48,170	24,170	24,000
In seventh decile	55	25	30	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	46,145	23,345	22,800
In eighth decile	40	25	20	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	44,630	22,560	22,065
In ninth decile	30	15	20	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	42,135	21,590	20,550
In top decile	0	0	0	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	35,080	18,190	16,890
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	670	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	502,095	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.272	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.338	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.495	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.239	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	670	355	310	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	504,805	247,400	257,410
English only	10	5	5	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	477,900	236,245	241,655
French only	355	180	180	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	130	60	65
English and French	300	170	125	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	25,945	10,665	15,280
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	689,725	284,170	405,555	830	425	405
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	670	355	310	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	504,805	247,400	257,410
English	35	10	20	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	501,645	245,775	255,865
French	610	325	285	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	2,110	1,110	1,005
English and French	25	15	5	476,175	237,635	238,535	345	165	180
Neither English nor French	5	5	5	673,100	275,685	397,420	705	345	360
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	670	355	310	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	504,805	247,400	257,410
Single responses	640	335	305	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	501,425	245,740	255,690
Official languages	555	290	265	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	488,775	239,145	249,625
English	15	5	10	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	486,560	238,020	248,540
French	540	285	255	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	2,215	1,130	1,085
Non-official languages	85	40	40	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	12,655	6,595	6,065
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	1,835	860	980
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	1,580	745	840
Blackfoot	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	1,580	740	840
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	5	0	5
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	5	0	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	1,575	740	830
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	5	0	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	5	0	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	5	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	5	0	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	5	0	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	250	115	135
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	245	115	135
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	85	40	40	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	10,820	5,735	5,085
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	698,355	359,625	338,730	1,845	1,025	820
Berber languages	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	10	0	5
Hausa	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	5	5	5
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	60	35	30
Bilen	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	10	5	5
Oromo	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	10	5	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	755	400	350	5	5	0
Semitic languages	15	10	10	618,450	320,045	298,405	1,775	985	790
Amharic	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	25	15	10
Arabic	15	10	10	508,410	265,350	243,060	1,565	885	675
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	5	0	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	5	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	15	5	10
Maltese	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	5	0	5
Tigrigna	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	160	80	80
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	192,985	87,230	105,750	130	65	65
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	173,000	78,180	94,820	125	65	60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	1,365	570	800
Bikol	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	10	10	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	15	5	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	55	20	35
Fijian	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	15	10	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	45	10	30
Indonesian	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	20	10	5
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	5	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	5	5	5
Pangasinan	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	1,185	500	685
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	10	10	5
Creole languages	5	5	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	75	45	30
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	795	365	435	5	5	5
Morisyen	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	45	30	15
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	5	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	15	10	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	5	0	5
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	360	205	155
Kannada	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	10	10	5
Malayalam	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	140	85	60
Tamil	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	140	75	60
Telugu	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	65	40	30
Tulu	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	30	20	15	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	4,845	2,740	2,100
Albanian	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	45	20	25
Armenian	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	15	5	10
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	500	250	250
Baltic languages	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	5	5	0
Latvian	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	10	5	5
Lithuanian	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages	5	0	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	495	245	245
Belarusian	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	50	20	25
Czech	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	30	20	15
Macedonian	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	5	5
Polish	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	80	45	35
Russian	5	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	210	105	110
Rusyn	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	70	30	35
Bosnian	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	10	5	5
Croatian	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	25	15	15
Serbian	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	30	15	15
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	5	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	15	5	10
Ukrainian	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	30	15	15
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	10	5	5
Irish	0	0	0	665	355	315	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	825	410	420	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	630	370	255
Frisian	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	310	170	140
German	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	295	160	135
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	10	5	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	180	105	75
Afrikaans	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	75	45	30
Dutch	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	95	55	45
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	5	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	130	90	35
Danish	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	45	25	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	905	430	480	15	15	5
Norwegian	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	55	45	10
Swedish	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	15	10	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	5	10	0
Greek	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	45	35	15
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	2,595	1,545	1,050
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	2,130	1,295	830
Assamese	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	595	380	215
Gujarati	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	145	105	45
Hindi	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	255	155	100
Kacchi	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	5	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	745	395	350	5	5	0
Konkani	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	30	25	10
Nepali	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	60	30	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	625	355	265
Rohingya	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	10	5	5
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	135	75	55
Urdu	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	260	155	110
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	5	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	470	250	220
Baluchi	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	60	30	30
Parsi	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	20	15	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	390	205	185
Dari	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	15	5	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	345	180	160
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	35	25	15
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	305	165	140	5	5	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	10	5	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	995	510	485
Catalan	0	0	0	905	470	440	5	5	0
Italian	5	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	90	60	35
Portuguese	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	220	120	100
Romanian	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	40	20	20
Spanish	10	10	5	538,870	259,500	279,375	640	305	330
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	35	10	25
Korean	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	115	35	80
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	108,295	52,850	55,440	435	235	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	65	35	25
Bamanankan	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	5	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	5	5	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	10	5	5
Gikuyu	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	40	25	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	5	0	5
Lingala	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	5	5	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	695	365	325	10	5	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	5	0	5
Shona	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	40	15	25
Soninke	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	520	200	320	5	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	65	35	25
Wojenaka	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	10	0	5
Yoruba	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	115	70	50
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	50	20	30
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	40	20	20
Dinka	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	15	5	10
Nuer	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	10	10	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	110	65	50
American Sign Language	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	90	55	40
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	1,260	625	635
Chinese languages	5	0	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	1,235	610	625
Hakka	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	5	0	5
Mandarin	5	0	5	679,255	310,750	368,510	825	405	425
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	20	15	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	5	0	5
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	315	160	155
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	60	30	30
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	25	15	10
Burmese	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	870	400	475	10	5	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	5	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	45	10	35
Lao	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	10	0	10
Thai	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	35	10	25
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	95	55	40
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	10	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	540	230	305	10	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	65	35	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	65	25	45
Estonian	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	10	10	5
Finnish	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	15	5	10
Hungarian	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	40	10	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	5	0	0
Multiple responses	30	20	10	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	3,375	1,660	1,720
English and French	10	10	5	291,325	142,420	148,905	1,020	455	565
English and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	921,480	450,685	470,800	2,085	1,075	1,015
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	117,910	57,875	60,040	60	35	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	70	30	40
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	140	75	65
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	670	355	310	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	504,805	247,400	257,410
English	10	5	5	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	487,420	238,710	248,710
French	520	270	245	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	585	285	295
Non-official language	20	10	10	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	3,615	1,895	1,725
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	830	395	440
Non-Indigenous	20	10	10	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	2,785	1,495	1,285
English and French	40	20	15	953,760	465,560	488,205	2,615	1,140	1,480
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	9,845	4,995	4,845
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	25	395,320	188,195	207,125	35	20	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	455,760	217,995	237,770	465	235	225
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	200,320	93,165	107,155	230	120	110
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	670	355	310	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	504,805	247,400	257,410
Single responses	640	335	305	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	502,230	246,140	256,090
Official languages	590	305	280	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	495,005	242,370	252,635
English	15	10	10	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	494,120	241,935	252,185
French	570	300	270	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	880	435	450
Non-official languages	50	30	20	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	7,230	3,770	3,460
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	1,350	670	680
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	1,305	650	655
Blackfoot	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	1,305	650	655
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	1,305	650	655
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	45	20	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	45	20	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	50	30	20	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	5,880	3,100	2,775
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	5	0	395,840	197,010	198,830	1,175	605	570
Berber languages	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	45	20	25
Bilen	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	10	5	5
Oromo	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	20	10	10
Somali	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	10	5	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	10	5	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	1,130	585	545
Amharic	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	5	0	5
Arabic	10	5	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	1,005	530	475
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	5	5	5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	5	5	5
Harari	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	110	50	60
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	127,730	58,660	69,070	80	40	40
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	5	116,785	53,735	63,055	80	40	40
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	715	320	390
Bikol	0	0	0	760	370	395	10	5	5
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	5	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	20	15	10
Fijian	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	5	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	10	5	10
Indonesian	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	650	290	360
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	5	0	5
Creole languages	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	45	25	20
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	20	15	5
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	5	5	5
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	10	5	5
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	870	395	475	5	5	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	170	95	75
Kannada	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	5	5	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	65	35	30
Tamil	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	60	35	30
Telugu	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	40	20	15
Tulu	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	10	5	5	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	2,390	1,315	1,070
Albanian	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	25	5	15
Armenian	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	10	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	180	95	90
Baltic languages	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	5	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	180	90	90
Belarusian	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	20	15	10
Czech	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	5	5	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	20	10	10
Russian	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	110	55	55
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	10	5	5
Bosnian	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	5	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	15	10	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0
Irish	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	105	55	45
Frisian	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	40	15	25
German	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	40	20	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	50	25	20
Afrikaans	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	40	25	15
Dutch	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	5	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	15	10	5
Danish	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	260	125	135	10	10	5
Swedish	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	1,655	945	710
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	1,295	750	540
Assamese	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	335	200	135
Gujarati	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	80	60	20
Hindi	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	125	70	50
Kacchi	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	0	0	0	880	415	470	5	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	10	0	5
Nepali	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	45	25	25
Oriya languages	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	455	255	200
Rohingya	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	75	35	35
Urdu	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	160	95	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	5	5	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	365	190	170
Baluchi	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	45	25	20
Parsi	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	15	15	5
Persian languages	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	300	155	145
Dari	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	10	0	10
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	265	135	130
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	25	20	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	5	0	0	577,735	273,965	303,770	400	205	200
Catalan	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	10	0	5
Portuguese	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	80	40	45
Romanian	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	10	5	5
Spanish	5	0	0	317,365	155,005	162,360	300	150	150
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	15	5	10
Korean	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	55	25	35
Mongolian	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	145	80	65
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	25	15	10
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	555	260	295	5	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	10	5	5
Shona	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	5	0	0
Soninke	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	40	30	10
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	40	20	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	15	5	5
Dinka	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	645	295	355	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	5	5	0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	220	130	90
American Sign Language	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	185	110	75
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	5	0	5	967,965	450,210	517,755	790	405	380
Chinese languages	5	0	5	955,685	444,115	511,565	770	400	375
Hakka	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	5	0	5	530,945	249,675	281,270	550	280	265
Min Dong	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	10	5	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	165	80	85
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	50	30	20
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	15	10	5
Burmese	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	5	5	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	660	320	340	5	5	5
Karenic languages	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	5	5	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	5	5	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	5	5	0
Lao	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	5	5	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	40	20	15
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	5	5	5
Kazakh	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	30	10	15
Uyghur	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	410	195	210	5	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	20	10	10
Estonian	0	0	0	615	245	370	5	5	0
Finnish	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	10	5	5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	390	195	195	5	0	0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	2,575	1,260	1,315
English and French	10	10	0	230,955	112,070	118,880	355	175	185
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	2,135	1,040	1,095
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	125,525	60,405	65,125	15	10	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	30	15	10
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	670	355	310	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	504,805	247,400	257,405
None	575	305	265	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	493,860	241,975	251,880
English	30	20	15	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	3,235	1,675	1,565
French	15	10	10	571,040	268,530	302,510	2,100	890	1,210
Non-official language	35	15	20	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	4,310	2,165	2,150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	500	205	300
Non-Indigenous	35	15	20	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	3,810	1,965	1,845
English and French	5	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585	55	25	25
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	323,845	161,995	161,850	385	205	180
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	134,565	61,575	72,995	235	115	120
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	15	10	5
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	605	335	265
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	615	325	290	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	502,095	246,190	255,905
Official languages	615	325	285	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	501,305	245,765	255,545
English	275	140	135	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	501,135	245,680	255,455
French	590	320	275	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	26,135	10,780	15,355
Non-official languages	105	50	55	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	20,910	10,660	10,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	2,670	1,225	1,445
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	2,025	950	1,075
Blackfoot	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	1,945	910	1,035
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	40	10	30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	20	0	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	10	10	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	10	0	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	1,930	900	1,025
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	75	40	40
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	75	40	40
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	625	260	365
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	620	260	360
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	20	10	15
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	10	0	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	105	50	55	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	18,305	9,470	8,840
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	2,620	1,510	1,110
Berber languages	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	25	10	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	35	20	15
Hausa	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	30	15	15
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	45	30	20
Bilen	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	15	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	20	15	10
Semitic languages	10	10	0	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	2,550	1,470	1,085
Amharic	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	40	20	20
Arabic	10	10	0	838,045	436,510	401,540	2,200	1,275	915
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	110	60	50
Maltese	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	15	0	10
Tigrigna	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	230	135	90
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	190	105	85
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	15	10	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	185	100	85
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	2,070	890	1,175
Bikol	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	20	15	10
Cebuano	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	85	35	50
Fijian	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	15	10	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	90	20	65
Indonesian	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	60	30	35
Kankanaey	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	85	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	15	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	1,810	755	1,055
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	95	65	30
Creole languages	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	225	100	120
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	70	45	25
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	40	15	25
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	55	20	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	50	20	30
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	545	295	250
Kannada	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	250	135	115
Tamil	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	305	150	155
Telugu	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	105	65	40
Tulu	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	35	10	25	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	9,250	4,935	4,310
Albanian	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	65	25	30
Armenian	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	820,305	384,390	435,915	965	505	460
Baltic languages	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	10	0	10
Latvian	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	10	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	809,985	380,025	429,960	955	505	455
Belarusian	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	10	0	10
Bulgarian	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	50	30	20
Czech	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	75	40	35
Macedonian	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	100	60	45
Russian	10	0	10	309,235	145,375	163,860	545	295	250
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	165	85	80
Bosnian	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	45	30	10
Croatian	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	75	25	45
Serbian	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	80	45	35
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	10	10	0
Slovak	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	20	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	10	10	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	125	45	80
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	95	35	70
Irish	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	55	20	40
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	10	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	910	495	415	25	10	10
Germanic languages	0	0	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	1,645	895	750
Frisian	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	1,090	590	500
German	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	1,075	580	500
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	30	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	325	160	165
Afrikaans	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	105	55	50
Dutch	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	220	105	120
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	15	10	10
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	305	210	95
Danish	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	110	80	30
Icelandic	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	40	30	10
Norwegian	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	150	110	40
Swedish	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	65	35	25
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	15	15	0
Greek	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	90	60	35
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	3,855	2,240	1,610
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	3,280	1,965	1,315
Assamese	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	875	520	355
Gujarati	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	255	215	40
Hindi	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	1,565	1,040	525
Kacchi	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	20	10	10
Konkani	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	50	20	25
Nepali	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	45	25	20
Oriya languages	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	1,035	620	415
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	20	15	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	155	95	60
Urdu	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	550	285	265
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	30	15	20
Iranian languages	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	590	285	305
Baluchi	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	110	60	45
Parsi	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	515	245	270
Dari	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	445	220	225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	50	25	20
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	20	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	3,005	1,415	1,580
Catalan	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	30	15	15
Italian	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	495	275	220
Portuguese	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	480	245	240
Romanian	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	110	60	50
Spanish	15	0	10	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	2,085	940	1,140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	45	30	15
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	195	100	100
Korean	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	225	90	135
Mongolian	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	20	267,520	131,495	136,025	1,200	655	545
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	135	80	55
Bamanankan	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	20	20	0
Éwé	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	10	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	20	10	0
Ganda	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	205	115	95
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	10	0	10
Lingala	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	45	25	20
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	20	10	10
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	200	120	80
Soninke	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	25	0	20
Swahili	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	150	65	85
Wojenaka	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	295	160	135
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	230	110	120
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	120	60	60
Dinka	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	70	30	40
Nuer	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	50	30	20
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	35	30	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	965	410	560
American Sign Language	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	875	370	505
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	100	45	55
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	1,575	840	730
Chinese languages	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	1,525	815	715
Hakka	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	15	10	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	1,170	620	550
Min Dong	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	45	20	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	395	205	190
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	60	35	25
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	45	25	20
Burmese	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	30	10	20
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	15	15	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	75	25	50
Lao	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	15	10	10
Thai	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	75	25	50
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	215	110	105
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	45	20	25
Kazakh	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	35	15	20
Turkish	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	135	80	55
Uyghur	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	15	10	10
Uralic languages	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	90	45	45
Estonian	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	15	15	0
Finnish	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	30	15	15
Hungarian	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	40	20	25
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	55	30	30
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	615	325	290	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	502,100	246,190	255,905
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15	10	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	46,545	22,520	24,030
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10	10	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	43,095	20,845	22,250
First Nations (North American Indian)	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	28,435	13,660	14,775
Métis	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	7,335	3,595	3,735
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	7,330	3,595	3,740
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	685	325	365
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	2,765	1,350	1,415
Non-Indigenous identity	600	315	285	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	455,550	223,675	231,880
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	615	325	290	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	502,100	246,190	255,905
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	22,720	10,895	11,825
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	610	325	285	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	479,375	235,290	244,080
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Owner	125	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	169,010	...	...
Renter	200	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	53,680	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	560	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Condominium	50	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	5,525	...	...
Not condominium	270	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	217,725	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	132,060	...	...	410	...	...
1 bedroom	95	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	13,045	...	...
2 bedrooms	130	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	53,000	...	...
3 bedrooms	65	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	102,545	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	20	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	54,255	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	175	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	37,615	...	...
5 rooms	75	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	35,320	...	...
6 rooms	20	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	39,350	...	...
7 rooms	15	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	33,515	...	...
8 or more rooms	35	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	77,445	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
One person or fewer per room	320	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	222,260	...	...
More than one person per room	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	990	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Suitable	310	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	219,400	...	...
Not suitable	0	...	...	805,650	...	...	3,850	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
1960 or before	145	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	40,635	...	...
1961 to 1980	65	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	71,180	...	...
1981 to 1990	35	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	33,065	...	...
1991 to 2000	35	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	26,115	...	...
2001 to 2005	35	...	...	959,860	...	...	12,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	14,825	...	...
2011 to 2015	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	15,980	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	9,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	295	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	211,050	...	...
Major repairs needed	25	...	...	919,545	...	...	12,205	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
One-maintainer household	205	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	115,610	...	...
Two-maintainer household	100	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	101,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	687,485	...	...	5,885	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
15 to 24 years	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	5,700	...	...
25 to 34 years	60	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	24,175	...	...
35 to 44 years	65	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	31,955	...	...
45 to 54 years	60	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	39,720	...	...
55 to 64 years	70	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	48,335	...	...
65 to 74 years	45	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	44,755	...	...
75 to 84 years	15	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	22,715	...	...
85 years and over	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	5,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	320	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	221,825	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	240	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	189,435	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	80	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	32,390	...	...
30% to less than 100%	70	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	30,070	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	320	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	223,250	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	45,625	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	75	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	29,865	...	...
Not suitable only	10	...	...	595,110	...	...	3,260	...	...
Major repairs needed only	20	...	...	645,465	...	...	9,710	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	290	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	2,195	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	260	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	40	...	...
Acceptable housing	210	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	177,630	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	310	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	219,505	...	...
In core need	40	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	17,525	...	...
Not in core need	275	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	201,980	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	120	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	168,660	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	75.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	47.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.2	...	...	14.8	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,420	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,014	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	240,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	410,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	246,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	200	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	53,615	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	19.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.0	...	...	33.2	...	...	32.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.4	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	715	...	...	1,070	...	...	870	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	760	...	...	1,209	...	...	903	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	560	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	168	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	242	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	615	325	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	502,100	246,190	255,910
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	20	10	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	31,845	15,325	16,520
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	20	10	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	30,850	14,800	16,050
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	20	10	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	22,040	10,555	11,485
Métis single ancestry	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	3,175	1,545	1,630
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	5,635	2,695	2,940
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	990	525	465
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	185	100	85
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	260	130	130
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	445	250	195
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	95	45	50
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	26,945	13,065	13,880
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	25,980	12,635	13,345
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	20,635	10,125	10,510
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	2,235	1,040	1,200
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	3,110	1,475	1,635
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	970	430	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	270	145	125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	395	155	240
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	235	100	130
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	75	35	40
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	590	310	280	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	443,310	217,795	225,510
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	615	330	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	502,095	246,190	255,910
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	570	305	265	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	490,860	240,100	250,755
Canadian citizens aged under 18	95	70	20	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	82,250	42,485	39,765
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	480	235	240	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	408,605	197,615	210,995
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	45	20	25	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	11,240	6,090	5,150
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	615	330	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	502,095	246,190	255,910
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	495	270	230	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	482,615	236,005	246,610
Immigrants⁸¹	105	55	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	14,250	7,235	7,010
Before 1980	15	0	0	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	3,335	1,590	1,740
1980 to 1990	10	10	0	924,320	443,805	480,520	890	540	350
1991 to 2000	10	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	1,020	545	475
2001 to 2010	35	15	15	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	2,435	1,265	1,175
2011 to 2021⁸²	45	20	25	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6,570	3,300	3,265
2011 to 2015	0	0	0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	2,300	1,200	1,100
2016 to 2021	35	15	20	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	4,265	2,100	2,170
Non-permanent residents⁸³	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365	5,235	2,955	2,285
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	105	55	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	14,250	7,240	7,010
Under 5 years	15	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	1,700	820	875
5 to 14 years	20	10	10	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	2,470	1,245	1,220
15 to 24 years	20	15	10	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	2,335	1,200	1,135
25 to 44 years	40	20	25	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	6,640	3,355	3,285
45 years and over	10	0	10	797,180	364,260	432,920	1,110	615	490
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	105	55	50	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	14,250	7,240	7,010
Americas	0	0	0	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	2,345	1,110	1,235
Brazil	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	90	40	50
Colombia	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	145	70	75
El Salvador	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	30	15	20
Guyana	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	20	10	10
Haiti	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	10	10	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	220	100	125
Mexico	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	25	15	15
Peru	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	20	10	15
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	65	25	35
United States of America	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	1,390	695	690
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	325	130	200
Europe	15	0	10	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	4,290	2,340	1,945
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	40	25	10
Croatia	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	45	25	20
France	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	190	85	105
Germany	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	245	150	95
Greece	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	25	15	0
Hungary	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	15	0	15
Italy	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	95	55	40
Netherlands	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	100	60	40
Poland	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	60	40	25
Portugal	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	80	35	45
Romania	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	100	45	55
Russian Federation	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	125	60	70
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	10	0	10
Ukraine	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	75	25	50
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	2,300	1,235	1,070
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	780	475	305
Africa	65	40	25	821,735	412,365	409,375	1,895	1,065	835
Algeria	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	30	15	15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	80	40	40
Egypt	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	205	145	60
Eritrea	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	155	95	60
Ethiopia	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	75	40	35
Morocco	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	20	15	10
Nigeria	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	455	260	200
Somalia	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	15	15	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	185	95	85
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	15	314,995	157,170	157,825	675	345	325
Asia	25	10	10	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	5,590	2,680	2,910
Afghanistan	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	140	70	70
Iraq	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	190	95	90
Lebanon	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	80	45	30
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	485	245	240
Turkey	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	55	40	15
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	630	280	350
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	85	45	45
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	105	25	75
Taiwan	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	50	20	35
Philippines	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	1,655	685	965
Viet Nam	15	10	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	90	45	45
Bangladesh	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	230	130	105
India	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	830	480	355
Pakistan	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	220	90	130
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	100	50	50
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	635	340	300
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	130	40	90
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	40	15	20	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	4,270	2,100	2,170
Americas	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	430	200	225
Brazil	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	25	10	20
Colombia	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	20	15	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	145	60	80
Mexico	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	20	15	10
United States of America	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	145	70	70
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	70	25	45
Europe	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	395	235	165
France	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	30	15	20
Germany	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	30	20	10
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	55	30	25
Italy	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	10	10	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	25	15	15
Ukraine	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	125	90	35
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	105	60	45
Africa	40	15	20	206,965	102,875	104,090	910	490	425
Algeria	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	10	0	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	55	25	25
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	40	25	10
Eritrea	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	100	60	45
Ethiopia	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	20	0	15
Morocco	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	10	0	0
Nigeria	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	300	175	120
Somalia	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	65	35	25
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	65	35	30
Tunisia	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	35	15	25
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	210	100	115
Asia	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	2,520	1,170	1,345
Afghanistan	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	80	45	35
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	200	85	115
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	320	200	125
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	35	20	15
Iraq	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	60	20	35
Israel	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0
Japan	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0
Jordan	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	20	15	10
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	35	0	35
Lebanon	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	55	30	20
Nepal	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0
Pakistan	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	100	45	55
Philippines	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	940	380	555
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	25	10	15
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	20	15	10
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	400	210	190
Turkey	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	30	25	0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	35	0	25
Viet Nam	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	35	15	20
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	105	35	65
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	15	0	10
Australia	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	10	0	10
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	615	325	290	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	502,095	246,190	255,905
First generation¹⁰⁰	120	60	60	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	21,365	11,110	10,255
Second generation¹⁰¹	55	25	25	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	17,835	9,075	8,760
Third generation or more¹⁰²	440	240	200	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	462,900	226,010	236,895
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	95	45	45	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	10,915	5,645	5,270
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	20	15	10	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	6,385	3,360	3,030
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10	0	10	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	3,015	1,875	1,140
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15	15	0	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	3,370	1,480	1,890
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	40	20	25	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	2,690	1,350	1,335
Refugees¹⁰⁸	30	15	15	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	1,780	900	880
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	60	35	20
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	95	45	45	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	10,915	5,645	5,270
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	205	110	95
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	0	0	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	2,450	1,295	1,160
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	520	310	210
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	1,180	695	485
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	70	30	40
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	75	35	45	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	6,480	3,200	3,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	615	325	290	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	502,100	246,190	255,905
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	125	65	65	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	16,855	8,800	8,050
South Asian	0	0	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	4,545	2,575	1,970
Chinese	15	0	15	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	2,005	1,020	980
Black	80	40	40	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	3,590	1,930	1,660
Filipino	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	2,270	1,000	1,270
Arab	10	10	0	694,015	362,845	331,170	1,740	1,035	705
Latin American	0	0	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	755	355	400
Southeast Asian	15	10	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	505	240	275
West Asian	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	550	265	285
Korean	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	220	80	140
Japanese	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	85	30	50
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	205	105	95
Multiple visible minorities	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	395	175	220
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	485	260	230	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	485,240	237,385	247,855
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	615	330	290	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	502,095	246,190	255,910
Canadian	135	60	75	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	125,120	60,915	64,200
English	0	0	0	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	175,045	84,765	90,280
Irish	20	10	10	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	122,115	59,270	62,845
Scottish	0	0	0	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	33,270	16,045	17,230
French, n.o.s.¹²²	95	50	45	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	22,925	11,115	11,815
German	0	0	0	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	7,335	3,655	3,680
Chinese	15	0	15	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	2,265	1,135	1,130
Italian	35	10	15	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	2,290	1,140	1,155
Indian (India)	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	2,765	1,505	1,260
Ukrainian	20	10	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	1,505	720	785
Dutch	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	1,830	940	890
Polish	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	1,290	620	670
Québécois	100	65	35	981,635	490,130	491,510	315	150	160
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	18,305	9,090	9,215
Filipino	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	2,255	1,010	1,240
French Canadian	80	45	35	906,315	441,610	464,705	720	295	425
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	26,565	12,765	13,795
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	20	15	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	10,820	5,180	5,635
Métis	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	6,715	3,255	3,460
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	8,625	4,295	4,325
Russian	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	680	335	345
Norwegian	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	1,840	920	915
Welsh	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	5,750	2,980	2,770
Portuguese	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	1,215	595	615
American	10	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	2,180	1,060	1,120
Spanish	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	1,160	555	605
Swedish	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	1,035	485	550
Hungarian	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	325	160	165
Acadian	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	1,100	505	595
Pakistani	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	270	145	125
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	15	10	10	301,955	148,335	153,625	725	375	340
Jewish	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	550	340	210
Punjabi	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	285	140	145
Vietnamese	15	10	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	175	95	85
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	830	470	360
Greek	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	365	190	175
Jamaican	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	320	170	150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	525	275	245
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	305	130	175
Korean	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	225	85	145
Romanian	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	300	120	180
Lebanese	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	775	420	350
Iranian	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	430	210	225
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	1,960	970	995
Danish	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	690	350	340
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	3,585	1,745	1,840
Sikh	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	150	70	80
Austrian	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	325	155	170
Belgian	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	265	145	120
Haitian	15	10	10	178,990	84,510	94,490	10	10	0
Hindu	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	125	70	55
Mexican	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	135	60	75
Mennonite	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	65	30	30
Swiss	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	275	135	135
Finnish	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	235	100	140
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	125	65	60
Croatian	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	105	50	55
Japanese	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	150	85	65
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	175	75	100
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	18,870	9,245	9,625
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	1,230	680	555
Muslim	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	320	165	160
Egyptian	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	390	250	140
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	155	85	75
Tamil	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	90	50	35
Icelandic	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	170	100	65
Colombian	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	160	85	80
Moroccan	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	50	25	25
Czech	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	195	100	85
Syrian	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	335	210	125
Guyanese	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	65	30	35
Afghan	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	10	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	200	125	70
Serbian	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	50	25	30
Ojibway	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	195	105	95
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	34,640	17,120	17,515
Hong Konger	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	15	0	10
Ontarian	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	435	180	250
Persian	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	105	55	55
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	100	55	45
Turkish	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	160	85	65
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	9,365	4,445	4,925
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	545	325	220
Algerian	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	25	10	15
Brazilian	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	185	110	75
Nigerian	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	425	215	215
Armenian	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	25	10	15
Slovak	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	55	30	25
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	290	135	155
Somali	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	55	30	25
Iraqi	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	95	50	40
Salvadorean	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	30	15	10
African Caribbean	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	50	20	25
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	110	45	60
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	215	120	95
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	65	25	50
Algonquin	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	120	75	45
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	80	50	30
Lithuanian	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	50	25	25
South African	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	185	140	40
Australian	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	175	75	100
Palestinian	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	135	75	55
Chilean	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	60	35	25
Congolese	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	110	30	75
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	430	200	230
Ethiopian	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	35	10	20
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	60	45	15
Peruvian	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	80	30	55
Yoruba	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	325	185	140
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	20	10	10
Berber	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	30	15	15
Albanian	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	80	30	50
Maltese	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	130	85	50
Macedonian	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0
Slovenian	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	30	15	15
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	640	285	355
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	150	70	80
Gujarati	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	45	35	0
Eritrean	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	180	105	80
African Canadian	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	70	40	30
Israeli	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	30	20	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	75	35	35
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	70	25	45
Bulgarian	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	80	40	50
Albertan	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	70	40	30
Ghanaian	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	125	75	50
Barbadian	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	85	30	55
African American	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	145	80	65
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	60	20	35
Tunisian	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	80	40	45
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	55	35	20
Cuban	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	135	65	65
Bosnian	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	65	35	25
Venezuelan	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	50	25	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	2,350	1,160	1,185
Latvian	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	95	70	25
Bengali	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	150	120	30
Cameroonian	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	30	10	15
Guatemalan	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	30	10	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	50	25	25
Laotian	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	25	10	15
Ilocano	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	20	0	10
Northern Irish	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	110	45	60
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	350	205	145
British Columbian	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	30	15	15
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	15	0	0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	20	10	10
Argentinian	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	25	15	10
Estonian	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	20	20	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	80	45	35
Fijian	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0
Jatt	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	70	45	25
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	495	245	250
Coptic	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	75	35	40
Thai	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	95	35	60
Dominican	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	30	20	10
Nepali	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	35	20	20
Kabyle	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	170	95	70
Byelorussian	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	25	15	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	30	0	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	25	15	10
Abenaki	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	10	0	0
Moldovan	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	15	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	45	20	20
New Zealander	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	15	0	10
Sudanese	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	120	70	45
Breton	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	30	20	10
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0
Malaysian	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	60	30	20
Plains Cree	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	45	15	30
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	10	0	10
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	10	10	0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	40	25	15
Buddhist	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	15	0	10
Gaspesian	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	80	50	25
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	45	15	30
Ivorian	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	60	25	40
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0
Burundian	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	40	25	15
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0
Mauritian	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	55	35	25
Kenyan	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	25	20	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	10	0	10
Jordanian	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	70	40	25
Manitoban	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	20	15	10
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	125	55	70
Rwandan	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	15	10	0
Grenadian	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0
Malayali	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	70	35	35
Chaldean	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	50	35	15
Mayan	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	25	10	15
Honduran	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	25	10	15
Cherokee	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	120	50	65
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	7,220	3,430	3,795
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0
Flemish	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	45	20	25
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	10	0	10
Senegalese	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	10	0	10
Sicilian	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	15	10	10
Pashtun	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	25	15	10
Goan	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	15	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	10	0	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	115	85	35
Burmese	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	30	0	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	10	0	0
Azorean	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	10	0	10
Ugandan	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	30	15	10
Yemeni	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	50	25	25
Central African	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	30	10	25
Libyan	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	90	60	30
Basque	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	115	60	55
Uruguayan	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	25	0	15
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	70	40	25
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0
Fulani	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	40	20	20
Maliseet	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	10	10	0
Beninese	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	10	10	0
Telugu	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	40	20	20
Roma	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	15	10	10
Costa Rican	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	35	20	25
Malagasy	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	15	10	0
Singaporean	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	10	0	0
Karen	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	10	0	10
Edo	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	25	15	10
Tajik	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	615	325	290	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	502,100	246,195	255,905
Buddhist	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	490	240	250
Christian	405	195	210	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	413,915	199,150	214,765
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	65	20	35	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	15,590	7,710	7,880
Anabaptist	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	105	50	60
Anglican	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	108,030	52,080	55,945
Baptist	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	1,115	515	605
Catholic	325	165	165	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	159,875	76,450	83,425
Christian Orthodox	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	700	395	305
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	1,490	685	810
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	170	65	110
Lutheran	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	300	175	125
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	29,830	14,505	15,325
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	28,645	13,650	15,000
Presbyterian	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	1,165	535	630
Reformed	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	25	10	15
United Church	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	60,670	29,340	31,330
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	6,205	2,990	3,215
Hindu	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	1,200	720	485
Jewish	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	240	115	125
Muslim	0	0	0	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	3,995	2,085	1,910
Sikh	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	855	490	365
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	105	50	55
Other religions and spiritual traditions	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	965	375	585
No religion and secular perspectives	195	120	70	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	80,330	42,965	37,370
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	610	325	285	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	498,445	244,285	254,160
Non-movers	505	275	230	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	453,375	222,680	230,695
Movers	105	50	55	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	45,070	21,600	23,465
Non-migrants	95	50	45	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	24,890	11,770	13,115
Migrants	15	0	15	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	20,180	9,830	10,350
Internal migrants	15	0	15	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	19,020	9,195	9,830
Intraprovincial migrants	10	0	10	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	12,470	5,845	6,620
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	6,550	3,345	3,205
External migrants	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	1,160	635	525
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	570	300	275	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	483,165	236,510	246,655
Non-movers	295	165	135	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	342,910	168,510	174,400
Movers	275	135	140	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	140,255	68,000	72,255
Non-migrants	205	110	95	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	52,775	25,485	27,290
Migrants	75	25	50	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	87,485	42,520	44,965
Internal migrants	30	10	20	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	79,865	38,480	41,380
Intraprovincial migrants	25	10	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	60,000	28,435	31,570
Interprovincial migrants	0	0	0	921,345	459,695	461,650	19,860	10,045	9,815
External migrants	45	15	30	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	7,615	4,035	3,585
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	530	265	265	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	433,955	211,180	222,775
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	135	95	45	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	96,375	51,060	45,315
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	400	175	225	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	337,580	160,120	177,465
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	200	200	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	267,785	129,445	138,340
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	100	70	30	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	38,650	22,395	16,260
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	305	135	175	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	229,130	107,050	122,085
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	535	265	265	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	433,960	211,180	222,775
No certificate, diploma or degree	125	80	40	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	88,710	45,165	43,545
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	90	30	60	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	119,855	56,485	63,370
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	315	150	165	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	225,390	109,530	115,860
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	95	90	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	153,200	79,195	74,005
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	85	55	30	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	42,715	31,445	11,275
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	35	20	20	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	21,280	12,615	8,665
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	30	15	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	21,440	18,830	2,610
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	65	30	35	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	101,680	44,065	57,610
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35	10	20	896,755	372,560	524,195	8,810	3,690	5,125
Bachelor's degree or higher	130	55	75	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	72,190	30,330	41,855
Bachelor's degree	80	35	45	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	47,145	19,210	27,935
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	30	10	15	556,510	243,200	313,310	3,245	1,445	1,795
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	2,035	1,055	980
Master's degree	25	10	15	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	17,150	6,990	10,165
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	2,610	1,635	975
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	400	200	200	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	267,785	129,445	138,340
No certificate, diploma or degree	85	60	30	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	33,800	18,755	15,045
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65	25	45	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	65,265	31,435	33,830
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	250	120	135	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	168,720	79,250	89,465
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	145	75	75	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	112,935	57,120	55,820
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	75	45	35	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	30,020	22,075	7,945
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	30	15	15	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	14,940	8,940	6,005
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	40	25	15	836,220	693,830	142,395	15,080	13,140	1,940
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	45	20	25	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	77,280	32,585	44,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25	10	15	623,090	261,035	362,050	5,635	2,460	3,175
Bachelor's degree or higher	100	40	55	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	55,780	22,135	33,650
Bachelor's degree	55	25	25	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	35,885	14,135	21,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	25	10	20	430,875	179,230	251,645	2,455	995	1,460
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	1,675	785	890
Master's degree	20	10	10	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	13,875	5,115	8,765
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	1,895	1,105	785
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	535	270	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	433,955	211,180	222,775
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	220	115	100	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	208,565	101,650	106,915
Education	20	15	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	18,310	5,555	12,750
13. Education	20	15	10	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	18,310	5,555	12,750
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	3,630	1,670	1,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	525	415	115
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	3,100	1,250	1,845
Humanities	15	10	10	926,560	354,120	572,440	7,650	3,285	4,365
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	10	106,345	23,460	82,885	525	135	390
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	2,020	760	1,260
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	1,820	665	1,155
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	250	130	120
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	660	370	295
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	1,115	665	450
54. History	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	785	470	315
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	475	100	380
Social and behavioural sciences and law	40	20	20	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	15,250	4,540	10,705
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	240	45	195
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	880	375	505
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	3,715	260	3,460
22. Legal professions and studies	20	15	10	325,785	115,335	210,445	1,980	665	1,315
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	130	40	90
42. Psychology	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	3,090	710	2,375
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	5,210	2,450	2,765
Business, management and public administration	80	30	50	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	48,125	11,635	36,490
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	90	20	75
44. Public administration and social service professions	15	0	15	272,240	55,995	216,245	2,845	430	2,410
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	65	30	35	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	45,195	11,195	34,005
Physical and life sciences and technologies	10	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	5,875	2,915	2,960
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	2,525	1,070	1,455
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	1,255	595	665
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	115	20	95
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	1,725	1,150	570
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	255	80	175
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	8,180	4,515	3,665
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	6,920	3,960	2,960
25. Library science	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	450	45	400
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	740	440	300
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	75	70	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	50	35	15	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	57,910	52,800	5,115
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	335	230	100
14. Engineering	0	0	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	6,545	5,290	1,255
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	13,965	11,610	2,355
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20	10	10	703,905	683,060	20,845	17,805	17,160	645
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15	15	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	12,505	12,070	435
48. Precision production	10	10	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	6,745	6,435	310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	4,250	2,475	1,775
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	1,735	630	1,105
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	2,515	1,850	670
Health and related fields	45	15	35	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	33,535	5,660	27,875
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	1,570	765	800
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	45	15	35	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	31,065	4,415	26,650
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	120	35	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	785	445	340
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	15	25	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	22,650	14,470	8,180
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	30	0	25	548,520	151,115	397,410	9,190	2,260	6,925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	20	15	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	110	95	15
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	2,180	1,655	525
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	11,155	10,450	710
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	35	15	20
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	400	200	200	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	267,785	129,445	138,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	150	85	70	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	99,065	50,190	48,875
Education	15	10	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	11,025	2,785	8,240
13. Education	15	10	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	11,025	2,785	8,240
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	10	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	2,860	1,265	1,595
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	330	250	80
50. Visual and performing arts	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	2,535	1,015	1,515
Humanities	10	10	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	5,215	2,150	3,065
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	375	100	275
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	1,300	470	835
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	1,325	470	860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	185	90	90
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	480	255	235
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	650	375	270
54. History	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	575	340	235
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	320	55	265
Social and behavioural sciences and law	30	20	15	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	12,275	3,320	8,955
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	215	40	175
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	720	285	435
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	3,130	215	2,915
22. Legal professions and studies	15	15	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	1,625	455	1,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	105	30	75
42. Psychology	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	2,395	500	1,900
45. Social sciences	0	0	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	4,090	1,790	2,305
Business, management and public administration	70	25	40	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	36,780	8,440	28,340
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	75	10	65
44. Public administration and social service professions	10	0	10	213,140	40,230	172,910	2,235	265	1,970
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	60	25	30	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	34,470	8,170	26,310
Physical and life sciences and technologies	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	4,340	2,110	2,230
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	1,890	765	1,120
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	885	410	475
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	85	20	60
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	1,345	865	480
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	140	40	100
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	10	0	10	667,305	445,970	221,330	7,170	3,980	3,190
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	0	0	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	6,265	3,615	2,650
25. Library science	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	340	40	300
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	515	280	235
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	55	45	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	40	30	15	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	42,160	37,625	4,525
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	240	160	85
14. Engineering	0	0	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	5,290	4,165	1,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	10,780	8,640	2,145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	510	160	350	10	0	10
46. Construction trades	15	10	10	510,105	493,000	17,100	12,995	12,460	540
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	8,240	7,870	370
48. Precision production	10	10	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	4,600	4,340	260
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	3,435	1,920	1,520
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	1,360	470	890
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	2,075	1,445	630
Health and related fields	25	0	20	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	25,500	4,245	21,260
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	1,215	605	610
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	25	0	20	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	23,530	3,275	20,255
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	115	30	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	645	340	305
Personal, protective and transportation services	35	10	20	772,450	399,835	372,615	17,925	11,395	6,530
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	25	0	20	414,520	112,935	301,590	7,255	1,750	5,505
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	20	15	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	80	65	15
43. Security and protective services	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	1,765	1,325	445
49. Transportation and materials moving	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	8,805	8,245	560
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	30	15	15
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	400	200	200	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	267,785	129,445	138,340
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	150	85	70	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	99,065	50,190	48,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	245	115	130	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	168,720	79,250	89,465
Location of study inside Canada	205	105	105	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	161,880	76,015	85,870
Same as province or territory of residence	205	105	105	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	137,745	64,835	72,910
Different than province or territory of residence	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	24,140	11,175	12,960
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	40	10	30	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	6,840	3,240	3,600
Americas	0	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775	1,625	730	895
United States of America	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	1,160	555	615
Mexico	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	40	15	25
Cuba	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	15	0	0
Haiti	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	115	50	70
Brazil	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	85	35	60
Colombia	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	15	0	10
Peru	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	15	0	10
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	20	0	15
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	140	65	85
Europe	15	0	15	543,725	281,205	262,520	1,735	1,000	735
Belgium	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	20	15	10
France	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	100	45	55
Germany	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	120	80	45
Netherlands	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	10	10	0
Switzerland	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	20	15	10
Hungary	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	10	0	10
Romania	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	25	20	0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	60	20	40
Ukraine	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	40	10	30
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	160	90	65
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	945	575	370
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	30	20	10
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	10	0	10
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	180	100	80
Africa	10	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	685	350	335
Nigeria	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	205	85	125
Algeria	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	35	15	20
Tunisia	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	35	20	10
Egypt	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	130	70	65
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	65	35	25
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	210	120	95
Asia	10	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	2,635	1,100	1,535
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	245	110	135
Iraq	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	75	40	35
Israel	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0
Lebanon	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	30	15	20
Turkey	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	35	15	20
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	200	100	100
Taiwan	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	25	10	15
Japan	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	30	10	20
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	75	15	65
Philippines	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	955	355	600
Viet Nam	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	45	25	25
Bangladesh	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	120	55	70
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	70	40	30
India	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	515	260	260
Pakistan	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	70	20	50
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	125	40	80
Oceania	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	160	65	90
Australia	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	145	60	80
New Zealand	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	15	0	10
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	535	265	265	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	433,960	211,180	222,775
In the labour force	345	170	175	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	243,330	123,685	119,645
Employed	310	145	165	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	206,285	101,475	104,810
Unemployed	35	20	15	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	37,045	22,210	14,835
Not in the labour force	190	95	90	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	190,625	87,500	103,130
Participation rate	64.5	64.2	66.0	63.7	67.7	59.8	56.1	58.6	53.7
Employment rate	57.9	54.7	62.3	57.1	60.9	53.4	47.5	48.1	47.0
Unemployment rate	10.1	11.8	8.6	10.3	9.9	10.7	15.2	18.0	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	535	270	265	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	433,955	211,180	222,775
Did not work¹⁸⁶	185	95	95	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	183,800	83,580	100,220
Worked	345	175	175	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	250,155	127,600	122,555
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	175	90	90	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	119,335	59,590	59,750
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	170	80	85	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	130,815	68,005	62,810
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.1	39.4	38.6	41.0	41.7	40.3	37.8	36.8	38.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	345	170	175	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	243,330	123,685	119,650
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	6,930	3,810	3,120
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	345	165	175	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	236,405	119,880	116,525
Employee	315	155	160	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	217,070	108,290	108,780
Permanent position	265	120	145	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	153,520	73,940	79,585
Temporary position	45	30	20	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	63,545	34,345	29,200
Fixed term (1 year or more)	25	20	0	867,740	386,965	480,775	13,300	5,940	7,360
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	25	10	15	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	50,245	28,405	21,840
Self-employed¹⁹²	25	15	15	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	19,335	11,590	7,745
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	345	170	175	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	243,330	123,685	119,650
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	6,930	3,810	3,120
All occupations¹⁹¹	345	165	175	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	236,405	119,880	116,525
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	10	10	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	2,045	1,195	845
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	60	25	35	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	32,540	8,655	23,880
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	20	10	10	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	15,155	11,765	3,390
3 Health occupations	30	10	15	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	21,510	3,785	17,730
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	40	15	25	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	33,725	9,490	24,235
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360	4,735	2,040	2,700
6 Sales and service occupations	100	30	70	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	59,440	24,065	35,370
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	55	55	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	47,285	43,685	3,600
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	10,740	8,785	1,960
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	10	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	9,225	6,410	2,820
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	345	170	175	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	243,330	123,685	119,650
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	6,930	3,810	3,120
All industries¹⁹¹	345	165	175	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	236,405	119,880	116,525
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	9,425	7,130	2,290
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	9,715	8,125	1,590
22 Utilities	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	2,795	2,100	690
23 Construction	20	10	10	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	19,380	17,220	2,160
31-33 Manufacturing	40	25	15	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	11,670	7,960	3,705
41 Wholesale trade	10	10	0	610,295	406,960	203,335	4,780	3,570	1,210
44-45 Retail trade	40	25	10	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	29,955	13,220	16,730
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	20	20	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	11,815	8,955	2,865
51 Information and cultural industries	10	10	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	2,740	1,495	1,240
52 Finance and insurance	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	4,610	1,530	3,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	2,125	1,285	845
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	30	10	20	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	11,525	6,680	4,845
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	260	135	130
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	15	10	10	792,600	457,880	334,725	7,470	4,505	2,970
61 Educational services	20	10	15	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	17,205	5,565	11,635
62 Health care and social assistance	65	10	55	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	40,245	6,895	33,345
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	3,765	1,895	1,875
72 Accommodation and food services	35	15	20	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	15,310	6,005	9,310
81 Other services (except public administration)	25	15	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	9,885	4,720	5,160
91 Public administration	15	0	10	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	21,725	10,875	10,850
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	370	185	185	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	267,975	136,470	131,505
English	10	10	0	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	263,530	134,805	128,725
French	265	140	125	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	430	145	285
Non-official language	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	295	145	150
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	185	70	110
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	110	70	35
English and French	95	40	50	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	2,565	865	1,700
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	1,080	460	615
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	55	35	20
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	370	185	185	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	267,975	136,470	131,505
Single responses	360	175	185	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	267,450	136,280	131,175
Official languages	360	175	185	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	266,895	136,025	130,870
English	25	10	20	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	265,980	135,770	130,205
French	330	170	165	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	915	250	665
Non-official languages	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	560	255	300
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	395	160	235
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	380	155	220
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	380	155	220
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	380	155	220
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	15	0	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	165	95	70
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	10	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	10	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	10	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	70	40	35
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	15	0	10
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	15	0	10
German	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	15	0	10
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	25	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	10	0	10
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	15	10	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	10	10	0
Dari	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	10	10	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	35	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	30	25	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0
Korean	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	50	35	20
American Sign Language	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	50	35	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	25	15	15
Chinese languages	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	25	15	15
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	20	10	10
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	453,880	231,205	222,675	525	185	335
English and French	10	10	0	321,975	163,305	158,675	275	95	180
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	245	95	155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	370	185	185	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	267,975	136,470	131,505
None	280	155	130	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	264,780	135,285	129,495
English	65	30	40	902,625	474,755	427,875	725	210	510
French	15	0	15	589,755	288,955	300,800	1,820	670	1,150
Non-official language	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	555	225	330
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	205	55	155
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	350	170	175
English and French	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	10	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	50	35	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	35	35	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	305	150	165	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	206,285	101,470	104,810
Worked at home	45	10	35	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	26,785	11,395	15,390
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	425	355	70
No fixed workplace address	40	25	15	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	31,185	22,560	8,620
Usual place of work	225	115	105	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	147,885	67,155	80,735
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	225	115	110	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	147,890	67,155	80,730
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	200	100	100	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	82,225	35,265	46,960
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	0	0	0	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	56,600	25,895	30,700
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	25	10	15	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	6,465	3,875	2,595
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	2,600	2,115	485
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	265	140	125	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	179,070	89,715	89,355
Car, truck or van	150	95	60	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	159,145	78,195	80,950
Car, truck or van - as a driver	140	90	55	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	143,960	71,835	72,125
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	0	0	0	844,155	343,100	501,050	15,190	6,355	8,825
Public transit	80	25	55	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	3,580	2,145	1,440
Walked	20	20	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	8,680	3,725	4,950
Bicycle	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	235	170	65
Other method	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	7,435	5,480	1,950
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	265	140	125	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	179,070	89,715	89,355
Less than 15 minutes	35	20	20	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	92,060	42,265	49,795
15 to 29 minutes	95	65	30	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	55,765	28,095	27,670
30 to 44 minutes	75	35	40	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	15,825	8,725	7,105
45 to 59 minutes	30	0	30	910,610	542,485	368,125	5,090	2,870	2,215
60 minutes and over	30	15	10	926,120	599,115	327,005	10,330	7,760	2,570
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	265	140	125	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	179,070	89,715	89,355
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	25	10	15	938,820	701,960	236,865	8,625	6,615	2,015
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	55	30	20	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	22,605	15,340	7,260
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	95	40	55	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	53,845	28,445	25,400
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	30	15	10	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	48,930	20,070	28,860
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20	20	0	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	20,935	7,055	13,885
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	40	20	20	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	24,125	12,195	11,935
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	130	80	55	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	85,265	43,900	41,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	897,205	456,120	441,085	2,955	1,475	1,480
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	125	80	45	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	82,310	42,425	39,885
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	85	50	35	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	64,755	33,355	31,405
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5	0	5	682,190	346,420	335,770	2,220	1,110	1,105
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	467,685	234,475	233,215	1,200	580	620
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	1,015	530	485
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	85	55	30	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	62,540	32,245	30,290

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 2, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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