Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Campbellton--MiramichiMore information: New Brunswick [Economic region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	153,961	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	154,351	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.3	...	...	- 0.3	...	...
Total private dwellings²	76,373	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	69,940	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	26,144.50	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	153,960	76,130	77,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,705	9,095	8,610	11.5	11.9	11.1
0 to 4 years	5,085	2,600	2,485	3.3	3.4	3.2
5 to 9 years	6,000	3,060	2,935	3.9	4.0	3.8
10 to 14 years	6,620	3,425	3,195	4.3	4.5	4.1
15 to 64 years	93,185	46,605	46,580	60.5	61.2	59.8
15 to 19 years	6,755	3,490	3,265	4.4	4.6	4.2
20 to 24 years	6,930	3,670	3,260	4.5	4.8	4.2
25 to 29 years	6,800	3,525	3,275	4.4	4.6	4.2
30 to 34 years	7,045	3,560	3,485	4.6	4.7	4.5
35 to 39 years	7,540	3,700	3,845	4.9	4.9	4.9
40 to 44 years	8,385	4,175	4,210	5.4	5.5	5.4
45 to 49 years	9,695	4,680	5,010	6.3	6.1	6.4
50 to 54 years	11,245	5,520	5,720	7.3	7.3	7.3
55 to 59 years	14,065	6,910	7,150	9.1	9.1	9.2
60 to 64 years	14,740	7,370	7,370	9.6	9.7	9.5
65 years and over	43,070	20,435	22,635	28.0	26.8	29.1
65 to 69 years	13,815	6,720	7,095	9.0	8.8	9.1
70 to 74 years	11,845	5,840	6,005	7.7	7.7	7.7
75 to 79 years	7,815	3,850	3,965	5.1	5.1	5.1
80 to 84 years	4,960	2,315	2,640	3.2	3.0	3.4
85 years and over	4,640	1,715	2,920	3.0	2.3	3.8
85 to 89 years	2,905	1,205	1,705	1.9	1.6	2.2
90 to 94 years	1,315	415	895	0.9	0.5	1.1
95 to 99 years	370	95	275	0.2	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	45	5	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.5	11.9	11.1	11.5	11.9	11.1
15 to 64 years	60.5	61.2	59.8	60.5	61.2	59.8
65 years and over	28.0	26.8	29.1	28.0	26.8	29.1
85 years and over	3.0	2.3	3.8	3.0	2.3	3.8
Average age of the population	48.5	47.7	49.3	48.5	47.7	49.3
Median age of the population	52.8	52.0	53.6	52.8	52.0	53.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	54,905	...	...	78.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,935	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	1,605	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,935	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,705	...	...	9.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	375	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,460	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	22,345	...	...	31.9	...	...
2 persons	28,310	...	...	40.5	...	...
3 persons	10,145	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	6,480	...	...	9.3	...	...
5 or more persons	2,655	...	...	3.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	149,750	74,115	75,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	136,260	67,040	69,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	75,880	37,925	37,955	55.7	56.6	54.8
Married	55,430	27,740	27,690	40.7	41.4	40.0
Living common-law	20,450	10,185	10,265	15.0	15.2	14.8
Living common law - Never married	15,460	7,680	7,780	11.3	11.5	11.2
Living common law - Separated	1,200	615	590	0.9	0.9	0.9
Living common law - Divorced	3,080	1,620	1,465	2.3	2.4	2.1
Living common law - Widowed	710	280	430	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	60,380	29,115	31,265	44.3	43.4	45.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	37,215	20,835	16,385	27.3	31.1	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,995	2,325	2,670	3.7	3.5	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,365	3,450	3,920	5.4	5.1	5.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,800	2,505	8,295	7.9	3.7	12.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	46,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	29,035	...	...	63.1	...	...
3 persons	9,505	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	5,795	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,680	...	...	3.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	46,015	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	37,300	...	...	81.1	...	...
Married couples	27,080	...	...	58.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,460	...	...	20.6	...	...
Without children	17,625	...	...	38.3	...	...
Common-law couples	10,220	...	...	22.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,575	...	...	9.9	...	...
Without children	5,650	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	8,710	...	...	18.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	6,615	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,095	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	149,750	74,115	75,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	118,620	58,845	59,775	79.2	79.4	79.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	74,610	37,250	37,355	49.8	50.3	49.4
Parents in one-parent families	8,710	2,095	6,615	5.8	2.8	8.7
Children⁶	35,305	19,500	15,805	23.6	26.3	20.9
In a two-parent family	22,700	12,455	10,245	15.2	16.8	13.5
In a one-parent family	12,600	7,045	5,560	8.4	9.5	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	31,135	15,270	15,865	20.8	20.6	21.0
Living alone	22,345	10,885	11,455	14.9	14.7	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,815	1,670	2,145	2.5	2.3	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,975	2,715	2,265	3.3	3.7	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	41,445	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	34,660	...	...	49.6	...	...
With children⁶	13,010	...	...	18.6	...	...
Without children	21,655	...	...	31.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	6,780	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,530	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	205	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,810	...	...	2.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,605	...	...	3.7	...	...
One-person households	22,340	...	...	31.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	132,080	65,035	67,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	128,830	63,515	65,315	97.5	97.7	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,000	30,800	34,400	38,000	30,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	128,860	63,535	65,330	97.6	97.7	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	34,000	28,200	31,200	34,000	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,970	52,980	49,990	78.0	81.5	74.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	26,000	28,600	23,400	26,000	28,600	23,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,630	42,795	38,840	61.8	65.8	57.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	27,000	28,600	25,400	27,000	28,600	25,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	112,330	54,220	58,110	85.0	83.4	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,900	16,000	13,800	14,900	16,000	13,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,570	20,925	15,645	27.7	32.2	23.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	11,100	7,000	9,000	11,100	7,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,470	16,325	16,150	24.6	25.1	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	7,500	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	132,105	65,175	66,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	128,885	63,690	65,195	97.6	97.7	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,360	45,000	35,880	40,360	45,000	35,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	128,940	63,720	65,220	97.6	97.8	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,920	38,160	31,720	34,920	38,160	31,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,180	53,085	50,095	78.1	81.4	74.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,640	38,440	30,600	34,640	38,440	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,660	42,825	38,840	61.8	65.7	58.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,120	37,960	31,960	35,120	37,960	31,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	112,470	54,420	58,050	85.1	83.5	86.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	14,480	15,140	13,880	14,480	15,140	13,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,165	20,700	15,460	27.4	31.8	23.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,250	11,410	8,680	10,250	11,410	8,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,715	16,435	16,275	24.8	25.2	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,010	7,890	8,140	8,010	7,890	8,140
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	132,105	65,175	66,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,925	15,215	15,710	23.4	23.3	23.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	55,200	46,800	51,200	55,200	46,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,050	61,600	52,650	57,050	61,600	52,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	40,410	21,785	18,625	30.6	33.4	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,800	19,200	14,500	16,800	19,200	14,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,520	19,020	23,600	27,520	19,020
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	68.6	71.2	65.6	68.6	71.2	65.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.1	56.7	53.1	55.1	56.7	53.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	31.3	28.8	34.4	31.3	28.8	34.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	7.1	8.2	5.7	7.1	8.2	5.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.2	5.4	7.1	6.2	5.4	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	4.5	5.7	5.0	4.5	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	132,075	65,040	67,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,245	1,520	1,725	2.5	2.3	2.6
With total income	128,830	63,515	65,315	97.5	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,670	3,805	5,865	7.5	6.0	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	18,590	7,395	11,195	14.4	11.6	17.1
$20,000 to $29,999	26,615	11,785	14,830	20.7	18.6	22.7
$30,000 to $39,999	22,150	11,075	11,075	17.2	17.4	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	17,785	9,310	8,475	13.8	14.7	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	11,085	6,205	4,880	8.6	9.8	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,065	4,250	2,820	5.5	6.7	4.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,880	2,880	1,995	3.8	4.5	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,825	2,040	1,785	3.0	3.2	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	1,335	1,050	1.9	2.1	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,770	3,435	1,340	3.7	5.4	2.1
$100,000 to $149,999	3,515	2,485	1,030	2.7	3.9	1.6
$150,000 and over	1,255	950	310	1.0	1.5	0.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	132,075	65,040	67,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,215	1,505	1,710	2.4	2.3	2.6
With after-tax income	128,865	63,530	65,330	97.6	97.7	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,125	3,955	6,170	7.9	6.2	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	19,460	7,805	11,650	15.1	12.3	17.8
$20,000 to $29,999	31,645	14,335	17,310	24.6	22.6	26.5
$30,000 to $39,999	26,090	13,620	12,470	20.2	21.4	19.1
$40,000 to $49,999	17,265	9,560	7,700	13.4	15.0	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,945	5,690	4,250	7.7	9.0	6.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,120	3,350	2,770	4.7	5.3	4.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,645	2,005	1,635	2.8	3.2	2.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,730	1,125	605	1.3	1.8	0.9
$90,000 to $99,999	960	690	265	0.7	1.1	0.4
$100,000 and over	1,885	1,395	495	1.5	2.2	0.8
$100,000 to $124,999	1,015	750	265	0.8	1.2	0.4
$125,000 and over	870	645	225	0.7	1.0	0.3
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	132,075	65,040	67,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	50,450	22,245	28,200	38.2	34.2	42.1
With employment income	81,630	42,790	38,835	61.8	65.8	57.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,715	5,440	5,275	13.1	12.7	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	7,870	3,530	4,345	9.6	8.2	11.2
$10,000 to $19,999	14,795	7,770	7,020	18.1	18.2	18.1
$20,000 to $29,999	10,480	5,365	5,120	12.8	12.5	13.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,675	4,630	5,050	11.9	10.8	13.0
$40,000 to $49,999	7,475	3,900	3,570	9.2	9.1	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,530	3,230	2,300	6.8	7.5	5.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,100	2,395	1,710	5.0	5.6	4.4
$70,000 to $79,999	3,260	1,805	1,455	4.0	4.2	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,855	1,370	1,480	3.5	3.2	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705	990	715	2.1	2.3	1.8
$100,000 and over	3,165	2,370	795	3.9	5.5	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,735	1,215	520	2.1	2.8	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,425	1,155	275	1.7	2.7	0.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	132,080	65,035	67,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,090	62,645	64,445	96.2	96.3	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,600	27,400	32,400	37,600	27,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,205	62,655	64,555	96.3	96.3	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,400	33,200	25,600	29,400	33,200	25,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	103,145	53,005	50,145	78.1	81.5	74.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,000	30,400	23,800	27,000	30,400	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,145	43,630	39,515	63.0	67.1	58.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	27,800	30,600	25,600	27,800	30,600	25,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	104,825	49,845	54,980	79.4	76.6	82.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,100	13,800	10,700	12,100	13,800	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	35,895	20,690	15,210	27.2	31.8	22.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	11,300	7,050	9,200	11,300	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	132,105	65,175	66,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,185	62,895	64,295	96.3	96.5	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,040	44,520	33,680	39,040	44,520	33,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	127,285	62,895	64,390	96.4	96.5	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,520	37,400	29,680	33,520	37,400	29,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	103,425	53,115	50,310	78.3	81.5	75.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,760	40,480	30,760	35,760	40,480	30,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,245	43,720	39,530	63.0	67.1	59.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,520	40,440	32,160	36,520	40,440	32,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,070	50,065	55,005	79.5	76.8	82.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	12,040	12,960	11,200	12,040	12,960	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	35,695	20,580	15,120	27.0	31.6	22.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,220	11,420	8,590	10,220	11,420	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	132,105	65,175	66,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,845	15,160	15,680	23.3	23.3	23.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	48,400	53,200	44,000	48,400	53,200	44,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	54,550	59,850	49,440	54,550	59,850	49,440
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	38,660	20,975	17,690	29.3	32.2	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,200	17,400	20,400	23,200	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,680	34,000	22,380	28,680	34,000	22,380
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	74.6	76.8	71.6	74.6	76.8	71.6
Employment income (%)	61.2	63.1	58.8	61.2	63.1	58.8
Government transfers (%)	25.5	23.2	28.5	25.5	23.2	28.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	7.3	8.4	6.0	7.3	8.4	6.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	69,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	55,200	...	...	55,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	22,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	31,000	...	...	31,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	28,800	...	...	28,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	47,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	69,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	74,400	...	...	74,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,300	...	...	64,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	22,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,200	...	...	38,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,360	...	...	33,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	47,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	935	...	...	1.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,220	...	...	1.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,195	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	5,845	...	...	8.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,100	...	...	5.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,295	...	...	6.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,880	...	...	5.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,315	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,140	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,610	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,115	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,315	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,780	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,870	...	...	24.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,705	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,125	...	...	5.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,995	...	...	5.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,045	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	445	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	950	...	...	1.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,230	...	...	1.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,280	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	6,195	...	...	8.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,655	...	...	5.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,915	...	...	7.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,610	...	...	6.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,095	...	...	5.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,765	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,295	...	...	10.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,395	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	5,435	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,455	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,520	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	11,705	...	...	16.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,800	...	...	8.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,030	...	...	4.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,880	...	...	4.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	45,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	21,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	62,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	14,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	8,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	27,320	13,600	13,720	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	34,000	27,800	30,800	34,000	27,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	28,400	30,800	26,800	28,400	30,800	26,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	45,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	78,700	...	...	78,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	21,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,300	...	...	124,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,980	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,300	...	...	65,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,400	...	...	59,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	27,300	13,755	13,545	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,480	40,560	34,360	37,480	40,560	34,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,760	34,760	30,760	32,760	34,760	30,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	149,755	74,110	75,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,640	11,115	10,520	14.5	15.0	13.9
0 to 5 years	6,175	3,165	3,010	4.1	4.3	4.0
18 to 64 years	87,710	43,515	44,200	58.6	58.7	58.4
65 years and over	40,405	19,485	20,920	27.0	26.3	27.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	25,900	11,835	14,065	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	3,730	1,965	1,765	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,245	645	595	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,810	5,070	5,740	...	...	...
65 years and over	11,360	4,800	6,560	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.3	16.0	18.6	17.3	16.0	18.6
0 to 17 years (%)	17.2	17.7	16.8	17.2	17.7	16.8
0 to 5 years (%)	20.1	20.4	19.8	20.1	20.4	19.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.3	11.7	13.0	12.3	11.7	13.0
65 years and over (%)	28.1	24.6	31.4	28.1	24.6	31.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	146,900	72,700	74,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,895	10,730	10,165	14.2	14.8	13.7
0 to 5 years	5,970	3,055	2,915	4.1	4.2	3.9
18 to 64 years	85,845	42,585	43,265	58.4	58.6	58.3
65 years and over	40,150	19,380	20,770	27.3	26.7	28.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,880	2,440	2,445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	615	320	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	100	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,810	1,930	1,880	...	...	...
65 years and over	460	190	270	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	4.4	4.5	4.4	4.4	4.5	4.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.3	1.2	1.0	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	149,755	74,110	75,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	99,065	48,185	50,885	66.2	65.0	67.3
In bottom decile	21,385	9,765	11,620	14.3	13.2	15.4
In second decile	22,565	10,705	11,865	15.1	14.4	15.7
In third decile	20,335	10,080	10,260	13.6	13.6	13.6
In fourth decile	18,210	9,245	8,965	12.2	12.5	11.9
In fifth decile	16,570	8,390	8,180	11.1	11.3	10.8
In top half of the distribution	50,685	25,930	24,755	33.8	35.0	32.7
In sixth decile	14,675	7,455	7,225	9.8	10.1	9.6
In seventh decile	12,810	6,515	6,295	8.6	8.8	8.3
In eighth decile	10,605	5,395	5,210	7.1	7.3	6.9
In ninth decile	7,965	4,145	3,825	5.3	5.6	5.1
In top decile	4,635	2,430	2,205	3.1	3.3	2.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	149,750	...	...	149,750	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.299	...	...	0.299	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.482	...	...	0.482	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	151,085	74,790	76,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	45,745	23,095	22,650	30.3	30.9	29.7
French only	38,885	18,805	20,080	25.7	25.1	26.3
English and French	66,340	32,825	33,520	43.9	43.9	43.9
Neither English nor French	110	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	151,085	74,790	76,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,790	28,405	29,390	38.2	38.0	38.5
French	92,340	45,915	46,430	61.1	61.4	60.9
English and French	860	420	440	0.6	0.6	0.6
Neither English nor French	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	151,085	74,790	76,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	147,680	73,140	74,540	97.7	97.8	97.7
Official languages	145,530	72,065	73,465	96.3	96.4	96.3
English	54,265	26,700	27,570	35.9	35.7	36.1
French	91,260	45,365	45,895	60.4	60.7	60.2
Non-official languages	2,150	1,075	1,075	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	465	205	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	455	205	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	450	200	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq	445	200	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,690	870	820	1.1	1.2	1.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	105	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	95	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	865	440	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	225	115	115	0.1	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	220	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	255	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,405	1,650	1,760	2.3	2.2	2.3
English and French	2,900	1,380	1,515	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and non-official language(s)	365	190	175	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	70	45	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	151,085	74,790	76,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,140	27,745	28,395	37.2	37.1	37.2
French	82,440	41,150	41,290	54.6	55.0	54.1
Non-official language	480	240	245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	375	195	185	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	10,000	4,655	5,350	6.6	6.2	7.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,550	770	780	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	260	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	151,085	74,790	76,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	148,460	73,590	74,865	98.3	98.4	98.1
Official languages	147,480	73,115	74,370	97.6	97.8	97.5
English	60,335	29,690	30,645	39.9	39.7	40.2
French	87,150	43,425	43,725	57.7	58.1	57.3
Non-official languages	985	480	500	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	170	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	810	405	405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	410	210	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,620	1,195	1,430	1.7	1.6	1.9
English and French	2,235	1,005	1,230	1.5	1.3	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	315	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	151,085	74,790	76,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	141,575	70,270	71,310	93.7	94.0	93.5
English	4,900	2,370	2,535	3.2	3.2	3.3
French	3,320	1,515	1,805	2.2	2.0	2.4
Non-official language	980	490	485	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	445	220	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	530	275	260	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	149,750	74,150	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	149,660	74,090	75,570	99.9	99.9	100.0
English	111,320	55,385	55,935	74.3	74.7	74.0
French	104,245	51,220	53,025	69.6	69.1	70.1
Non-official languages	4,350	2,145	2,205	2.9	2.9	2.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,135	555	580	0.8	0.7	0.8
Algonquian languages	1,085	525	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	1,070	510	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mi'kmaq	1,070	510	560	0.7	0.7	0.7
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,230	1,595	1,635	2.2	2.2	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	300	185	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	185	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	175	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	445	195	250	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	385	170	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,880	915	970	1.3	1.2	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	390	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	290	150	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,020	480	545	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	860	405	460	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	250	150	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	80	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	149,750	74,145	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,835	5,020	4,815	6.6	6.8	6.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,450	4,840	4,610	6.3	6.5	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,665	2,815	2,850	3.8	3.8	3.8
Métis	3,620	1,955	1,670	2.4	2.6	2.2
Inuk (Inuit)	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	139,915	69,125	70,790	93.4	93.2	93.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	149,750	74,145	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,360	2,160	2,195	2.9	2.9	2.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	145,395	71,985	73,410	97.1	97.1	97.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	54,020	...	...	77.2	...	...
Renter	14,970	...	...	21.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	950	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,835	...	...	4.1	...	...
Not condominium	67,105	...	...	95.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	6,585	...	...	9.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	20,995	...	...	30.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	27,215	...	...	38.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,970	...	...	21.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,525	...	...	22.2	...	...
5 rooms	14,190	...	...	20.3	...	...
6 rooms	13,080	...	...	18.7	...	...
7 rooms	9,445	...	...	13.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	17,705	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	69,740	...	...	99.7	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	68,480	...	...	97.9	...	...
Not suitable	1,455	...	...	2.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,925	...	...	22.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	24,650	...	...	35.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,865	...	...	17.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,320	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,460	...	...	3.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,570	...	...	3.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,195	...	...	3.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,955	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	63,895	...	...	91.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,045	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	40,000	...	...	57.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	28,130	...	...	40.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,810	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,285	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,030	...	...	8.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,405	...	...	12.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	11,220	...	...	16.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,490	...	...	23.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	15,555	...	...	22.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	8,350	...	...	11.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,610	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	68,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	61,165	...	...	89.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,370	...	...	10.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,830	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	69,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,965	...	...	20.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,635	...	...	9.5	...	...
Not suitable only	1,255	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,160	...	...	7.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	710	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	55,980	...	...	80.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	67,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,085	...	...	4.5	...	...
Not in core need	64,910	...	...	95.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	53,780	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	46.5	...	...	46.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	572	...	...	572	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	730	...	...	730	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,915	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	24.9	...	...	24.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	645	...	...	645	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	669	...	...	669	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	950	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	1.1	...	...	1.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	0	...	...	0	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	140	...	...	140	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	149,750	74,150	75,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,600	3,310	3,285	4.4	4.5	4.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,485	3,250	3,240	4.3	4.4	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,060	2,510	2,545	3.4	3.4	3.4
Métis single ancestry	1,345	710	640	0.9	1.0	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,345	3,175	3,170	4.2	4.3	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,220	3,125	3,095	4.2	4.2	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,480	2,270	2,205	3.0	3.1	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,700	830	865	1.1	1.1	1.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	136,805	67,665	69,145	91.4	91.3	91.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	149,755	74,150	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	147,975	73,165	74,810	98.8	98.7	98.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	21,315	10,820	10,490	14.2	14.6	13.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	126,665	62,340	64,325	84.6	84.1	85.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,775	990	790	1.2	1.3	1.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	149,755	74,150	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	146,310	72,350	73,960	97.7	97.6	97.8
Immigrants⁸¹	2,750	1,375	1,375	1.8	1.9	1.8
Before 1980	920	480	435	0.6	0.6	0.6
1980 to 1990	190	105	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
1991 to 2000	245	90	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
2001 to 2010	435	210	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	965	485	475	0.6	0.7	0.6
2011 to 2015	265	100	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
2016 to 2021	695	385	310	0.5	0.5	0.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	690	420	270	0.5	0.6	0.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,750	1,375	1,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	410	205	205	14.9	14.9	14.9
5 to 14 years	500	235	265	18.2	17.1	19.3
15 to 24 years	505	250	250	18.4	18.2	18.2
25 to 44 years	1,060	535	530	38.5	38.9	38.5
45 years and over	270	150	125	9.8	10.9	9.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,750	1,375	1,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	590	275	315	21.5	20.0	22.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Guyana	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Haiti	40	25	20	1.5	1.8	1.5
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.9	1.1	0.7
Mexico	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	395	180	215	14.4	13.1	15.6
Other places of birth in Americas	95	45	45	3.5	3.3	3.3
Europe	985	505	480	35.8	36.7	34.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
France	200	105	95	7.3	7.6	6.9
Germany	105	45	55	3.8	3.3	4.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	30	25	1.8	2.2	1.8
Netherlands	55	25	35	2.0	1.8	2.5
Poland	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	20	10	15	0.7	0.7	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	355	185	170	12.9	13.5	12.4
Other places of birth in Europe	115	70	50	4.2	5.1	3.6
Africa	300	175	125	10.9	12.7	9.1
Algeria	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	25	2.0	1.8	1.8
Egypt	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	25	0	1.3	1.8	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	25	15	1.5	1.8	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	130	70	55	4.7	5.1	4.0
Asia	860	410	455	31.3	29.8	33.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	20	15	1.3	1.5	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	55	40	15	2.0	2.9	1.1
Turkey	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	30	60	3.1	2.2	4.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	365	155	210	13.3	11.3	15.3
Viet Nam	50	20	30	1.8	1.5	2.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	70	50	4.5	5.1	3.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	10	20	1.1	0.7	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	45	25	25	1.6	1.8	1.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	695	385	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	90	55	40	12.9	14.3	12.9
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	15	0	10	2.2	0.0	3.2
Jamaica	15	10	0	2.2	2.6	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	30	15	10	4.3	3.9	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	15	15	3.6	3.9	4.8
Europe	115	55	55	16.5	14.3	17.7
France	65	25	35	9.4	6.5	11.3
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	2.2	2.6	3.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.4	2.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	3.6	2.6	4.8
Africa	90	45	45	12.9	11.7	14.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	0	0	2.9	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	15	3.6	2.6	4.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	2.9	2.6	3.2
Asia	405	235	170	58.3	61.0	54.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	10	0	1.4	2.6	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	45	20	10.1	11.7	6.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	245	130	120	35.3	33.8	38.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	55	40	15	7.9	10.4	4.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	149,750	74,145	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,900	1,985	1,915	2.6	2.7	2.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,550	1,745	1,800	2.4	2.4	2.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	142,300	70,420	71,880	95.0	95.0	95.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,835	895	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	980	465	515	53.4	52.0	54.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	415	245	170	22.6	27.4	18.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	565	220	345	30.8	24.6	36.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	675	325	350	36.8	36.3	37.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	90	75	9.0	10.1	8.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,835	895	940	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	30	15	2.5	3.4	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	405	175	230	22.1	19.6	24.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	20	30	2.7	2.2	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	100	60	45	5.4	6.7	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,230	600	630	67.0	67.0	67.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	149,750	74,145	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,600	1,350	1,250	1.7	1.8	1.7
South Asian	465	255	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese	215	90	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Black	840	440	395	0.6	0.6	0.5
Filipino	485	220	265	0.3	0.3	0.4
Arab	180	115	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latin American	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Southeast Asian	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Asian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	105	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	147,150	72,795	74,355	98.3	98.2	98.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	149,755	74,150	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	40,590	19,805	20,790	27.1	26.7	27.5
English	11,235	5,605	5,630	7.5	7.6	7.4
Irish	22,200	10,580	11,620	14.8	14.3	15.4
Scottish	16,950	8,140	8,805	11.3	11.0	11.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	25,715	12,670	13,045	17.2	17.1	17.3
German	2,330	1,200	1,125	1.6	1.6	1.5
Chinese	275	150	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italian	825	430	395	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indian (India)	445	245	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukrainian	365	195	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	855	415	440	0.6	0.6	0.6
Polish	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Québécois	1,785	855	925	1.2	1.2	1.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,020	575	440	0.7	0.8	0.6
Filipino	435	200	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
French Canadian	6,035	2,915	3,120	4.0	3.9	4.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	6,835	3,370	3,470	4.6	4.5	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,845	1,390	1,455	1.9	1.9	1.9
Métis	3,255	1,640	1,615	2.2	2.2	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,275	605	670	0.9	0.8	0.9
Russian	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norwegian	360	170	195	0.2	0.2	0.3
Welsh	690	270	425	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	405	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
American	450	225	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	420	155	260	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swedish	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungarian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Acadian	40,455	20,085	20,370	27.0	27.1	26.9
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	300	180	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	95	35	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	380	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	670	330	340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,635	830	800	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sikh	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Belgian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	70	55	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mennonite	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Finnish	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	4,815	2,430	2,385	3.2	3.3	3.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125	85	35	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syrian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	70	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	4,395	2,180	2,220	2.9	2.9	2.9
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Norman	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Beninese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	35	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	149,750	74,145	75,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian	126,935	61,940	64,990	84.8	83.5	86.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	4,655	2,325	2,330	3.1	3.1	3.1
Anabaptist	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	3,390	1,690	1,695	2.3	2.3	2.2
Baptist	2,375	1,200	1,175	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catholic	105,800	51,765	54,040	70.7	69.8	71.5
Christian Orthodox	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jehovah's Witness	405	165	235	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	65	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	110	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,290	1,070	1,225	1.5	1.4	1.6
Presbyterian	810	400	415	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	5,545	2,545	3,000	3.7	3.4	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,310	620	685	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hindu	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Muslim	370	225	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sikh	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	350	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	355	130	225	0.2	0.2	0.3
No religion and secular perspectives	21,405	11,495	9,905	14.3	15.5	13.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	148,785	73,645	75,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	138,010	68,565	69,450	92.8	93.1	92.4
Movers	10,770	5,075	5,690	7.2	6.9	7.6
Non-migrants	5,700	2,625	3,080	3.8	3.6	4.1
Migrants	5,075	2,455	2,615	3.4	3.3	3.5
Internal migrants	4,850	2,330	2,520	3.3	3.2	3.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,005	1,420	1,585	2.0	1.9	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,840	915	930	1.2	1.2	1.2
External migrants	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	144,735	71,665	73,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	107,410	53,920	53,485	74.2	75.2	73.2
Movers	37,325	17,740	19,580	25.8	24.8	26.8
Non-migrants	12,845	6,135	6,705	8.9	8.6	9.2
Migrants	24,480	11,610	12,870	16.9	16.2	17.6
Internal migrants	23,310	10,955	12,355	16.1	15.3	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	17,165	7,875	9,285	11.9	11.0	12.7
Interprovincial migrants	6,155	3,085	3,070	4.3	4.3	4.2
External migrants	1,170	645	520	0.8	0.9	0.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	132,105	65,175	66,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	40,820	22,835	17,990	30.9	35.0	26.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	91,290	42,345	48,945	69.1	65.0	73.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,170	38,495	39,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,110	9,960	6,145	20.6	25.9	15.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,055	28,530	33,525	79.4	74.1	84.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	132,110	65,175	66,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	36,775	19,800	16,975	27.8	30.4	25.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,650	16,805	17,850	26.2	25.8	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	60,680	28,570	32,115	45.9	43.8	48.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	45,475	22,845	22,630	34.4	35.1	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,250	8,500	3,750	9.3	13.0	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,750	4,040	2,705	5.1	6.2	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,500	4,455	1,050	4.2	6.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	30,430	13,425	17,000	23.0	20.6	25.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,795	920	1,875	2.1	1.4	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,205	5,725	9,480	11.5	8.8	14.2
Bachelor's degree	11,180	3,955	7,225	8.5	6.1	10.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,260	505	750	1.0	0.8	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	405	185	220	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	2,175	975	1,195	1.6	1.5	1.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	105	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	78,165	38,495	39,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,405	8,745	5,665	18.4	22.7	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,865	10,640	10,220	26.7	27.6	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,900	19,110	23,790	54.9	49.6	60.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,755	15,295	16,460	40.6	39.7	41.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,160	4,755	2,400	9.2	12.4	6.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,135	2,400	1,740	5.3	6.2	4.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,020	2,360	665	3.9	6.1	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,820	9,980	12,835	29.2	25.9	32.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,780	555	1,225	2.3	1.4	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,145	3,815	7,325	14.3	9.9	18.5
Bachelor's degree	8,240	2,700	5,540	10.5	7.0	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	865	310	550	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	140	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	1,535	585	955	2.0	1.5	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	132,110	65,175	66,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	71,430	36,605	34,825	54.1	56.2	52.0
Education	5,130	1,420	3,710	3.9	2.2	5.5
13. Education	5,130	1,420	3,710	3.9	2.2	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	925	435	490	0.7	0.7	0.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	125	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	740	305	430	0.6	0.5	0.6
Humanities	1,230	500	725	0.9	0.8	1.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	35	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	135	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	365	110	255	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	120	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,165	1,020	3,140	3.2	1.6	4.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,915	120	1,795	1.4	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	445	165	280	0.3	0.3	0.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	30	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	640	150	490	0.5	0.2	0.7
45. Social sciences	740	440	300	0.6	0.7	0.4
Business, management and public administration	11,635	2,700	8,935	8.8	4.1	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,415	275	1,140	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,210	2,420	7,790	7.7	3.7	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,090	495	600	0.8	0.8	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	150	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	285	175	100	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	175	45	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,340	805	535	1.0	1.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,080	720	355	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	155	0	155	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	70	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,775	15,040	735	11.9	23.1	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	75	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	855	735	125	0.6	1.1	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,930	2,590	345	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,320	4,225	95	3.3	6.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,230	4,170	60	3.2	6.4	0.1
48. Precision production	3,365	3,260	105	2.5	5.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,350	925	425	1.0	1.4	0.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	560	235	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	790	690	105	0.6	1.1	0.2
Health and related fields	11,720	1,810	9,910	8.9	2.8	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	375	220	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,140	1,495	9,645	8.4	2.3	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,300	3,405	2,890	4.8	5.2	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,035	545	2,490	2.3	0.8	3.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,505	1,160	340	1.1	1.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,725	1,660	55	1.3	2.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	78,165	38,490	39,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,265	19,385	15,885	45.1	50.4	40.0
Education	2,940	700	2,240	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	2,940	700	2,240	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	745	330	415	1.0	0.9	1.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	615	245	365	0.8	0.6	0.9
Humanities	760	295	460	1.0	0.8	1.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	20	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	230	65	165	0.3	0.2	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,205	670	2,540	4.1	1.7	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	95	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,515	105	1,410	1.9	0.3	3.6
22. Legal professions and studies	350	100	250	0.4	0.3	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	505	100	405	0.6	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	490	250	245	0.6	0.6	0.6
Business, management and public administration	8,580	1,850	6,730	11.0	4.8	17.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,135	200	935	1.5	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,430	1,650	5,780	9.5	4.3	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	715	300	415	0.9	0.8	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	235	90	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	40	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,115	705	420	1.4	1.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	950	670	280	1.2	1.7	0.7
25. Library science	125	0	125	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,220	9,610	615	13.1	25.0	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	65	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
14. Engineering	620	515	100	0.8	1.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,010	1,720	285	2.6	4.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,685	2,615	70	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,590	2,535	55	3.3	6.6	0.1
48. Precision production	2,260	2,180	85	2.9	5.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,020	675	345	1.3	1.8	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	180	270	0.6	0.5	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	495	80	0.7	1.3	0.2
Health and related fields	8,845	1,450	7,395	11.3	3.8	18.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	160	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,395	1,215	7,180	10.7	3.2	18.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,730	2,525	2,210	6.1	6.6	5.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,190	320	1,870	2.8	0.8	4.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,185	890	295	1.5	2.3	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,330	1,290	40	1.7	3.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	78,165	38,490	39,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	35,265	19,385	15,885	45.1	50.4	40.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,895	19,110	23,790	54.9	49.6	60.0
Location of study inside Canada	41,735	18,550	23,190	53.4	48.2	58.5
Same as province or territory of residence	34,695	15,400	19,295	44.4	40.0	48.6
Different than province or territory of residence	7,040	3,150	3,890	9.0	8.2	9.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,160	560	600	1.5	1.5	1.5
Americas	290	115	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
United States of America	240	90	145	0.3	0.2	0.4
Mexico	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	285	155	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Africa	210	115	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	365	155	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	225	80	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	132,110	65,175	66,935	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,665	36,445	34,220	...	...	...
Employed	60,460	29,850	30,605	...	...	...
Unemployed	10,205	6,595	3,610	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	61,440	28,730	32,715	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.5	55.9	51.1	53.5	55.9	51.1
Employment rate	45.8	45.8	45.7	45.8	45.8	45.7
Unemployment rate	14.4	18.1	10.5	14.4	18.1	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	132,110	65,175	66,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	58,845	27,145	31,700	44.5	41.6	47.4
Worked	73,260	38,030	35,235	55.5	58.4	52.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,515	15,540	15,975	23.9	23.8	23.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	41,750	22,490	19,260	31.6	34.5	28.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	36.8	35.3	38.5	36.8	35.3	38.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,660	36,445	34,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,800	1,085	715	2.5	3.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	68,865	35,360	33,500	97.5	97.0	97.9
Employee	62,685	31,620	31,060	88.7	86.8	90.8
Permanent position	42,440	19,950	22,490	60.1	54.7	65.7
Temporary position	20,245	11,670	8,575	28.7	32.0	25.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,225	1,455	1,770	4.6	4.0	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	17,020	10,215	6,805	24.1	28.0	19.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	6,180	3,740	2,440	8.7	10.3	7.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,660	36,445	34,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,800	1,085	715	2.5	3.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	68,865	35,360	33,500	97.5	97.0	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	565	355	215	0.8	1.0	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,725	2,175	6,545	12.3	6.0	19.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,380	1,985	395	3.4	5.4	1.2
3 Health occupations	7,275	1,100	6,170	10.3	3.0	18.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,550	2,460	6,090	12.1	6.7	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	935	420	515	1.3	1.2	1.5
6 Sales and service occupations	18,195	7,275	10,920	25.8	20.0	31.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,700	12,840	860	19.4	35.2	2.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,000	3,450	545	5.7	9.5	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,550	3,300	1,250	6.4	9.1	3.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,660	36,445	34,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,800	1,085	715	2.5	3.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	68,865	35,360	33,500	97.5	97.0	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,025	4,070	950	7.1	11.2	2.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,540	1,430	110	2.2	3.9	0.3
22 Utilities	500	460	40	0.7	1.3	0.1
23 Construction	5,440	4,970	465	7.7	13.6	1.4
31-33 Manufacturing	6,410	4,710	1,695	9.1	12.9	5.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,015	775	240	1.4	2.1	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	8,725	3,855	4,865	12.3	10.6	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,310	1,810	495	3.3	5.0	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	700	410	295	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,300	400	900	1.8	1.1	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	395	220	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,775	920	855	2.5	2.5	2.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,825	1,160	660	2.6	3.2	1.9
61 Educational services	4,950	1,360	3,590	7.0	3.7	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	12,140	2,155	9,990	17.2	5.9	29.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	800	480	320	1.1	1.3	0.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,325	1,430	2,895	6.1	3.9	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,320	1,815	1,505	4.7	5.0	4.4
91 Public administration	6,350	2,905	3,445	9.0	8.0	10.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	78,725	40,860	37,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	27,015	14,610	12,400	34.3	35.8	32.7
French	31,725	16,535	15,185	40.3	40.5	40.1
Non-official language	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and French	19,670	9,540	10,135	25.0	23.3	26.8
English and non-official language(s)	210	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	78,725	40,860	37,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,405	38,370	35,030	93.2	93.9	92.5
Official languages	73,325	38,310	35,010	93.1	93.8	92.5
English	32,535	17,355	15,180	41.3	42.5	40.1
French	40,795	20,955	19,835	51.8	51.3	52.4
Non-official languages	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,320	2,490	2,835	6.8	6.1	7.5
English and French	5,275	2,465	2,810	6.7	6.0	7.4
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	78,725	40,860	37,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,085	33,650	30,435	81.4	82.4	80.4
English	9,085	4,425	4,655	11.5	10.8	12.3
French	5,370	2,695	2,680	6.8	6.6	7.1
Non-official language	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,460	29,850	30,610	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,400	2,755	3,645	10.6	9.2	11.9
Worked outside Canada	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,515	6,880	2,635	15.7	23.0	8.6
Usual place of work	44,500	20,175	24,325	73.6	67.6	79.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	44,495	20,175	24,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	19,335	8,405	10,935	43.5	41.7	45.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,675	8,965	11,710	46.5	44.4	48.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,255	1,900	1,355	7.3	9.4	5.6
Commute to a different province or territory	1,235	905	330	2.8	4.5	1.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	54,015	27,060	26,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	50,715	25,145	25,565	93.9	92.9	94.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	46,670	23,365	23,305	86.4	86.3	86.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,040	1,780	2,260	7.5	6.6	8.4
Public transit	320	215	105	0.6	0.8	0.4
Walked	1,745	895	850	3.2	3.3	3.2
Bicycle	105	80	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other method	1,135	720	415	2.1	2.7	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	54,015	27,060	26,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	26,555	12,435	14,115	49.2	46.0	52.4
15 to 29 minutes	16,950	8,235	8,710	31.4	30.4	32.3
30 to 44 minutes	5,865	3,220	2,645	10.9	11.9	9.8
45 to 59 minutes	2,135	1,260	880	4.0	4.7	3.3
60 minutes and over	2,510	1,910	600	4.6	7.1	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	54,015	27,060	26,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,630	2,685	940	6.7	9.9	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,510	5,205	3,310	15.8	19.2	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	17,560	8,265	9,290	32.5	30.5	34.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,245	4,845	7,400	22.7	17.9	27.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,940	1,260	2,680	7.3	4.7	9.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	8,130	4,805	3,335	15.1	17.8	12.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,155	11,390	10,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,735	7,590	7,135	66.5	66.6	66.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,425	3,800	3,625	33.5	33.4	33.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,715	8,605	8,110	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,180	5,780	5,395	66.9	67.2	66.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	9,700	5,000	4,700	58.0	58.1	58.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,475	780	700	8.8	9.1	8.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,535	2,820	2,710	33.1	32.8	33.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 14, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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