Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
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Language spoken most often at home
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Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
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All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Calgary, City (CY)More information:
Alberta
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 48062719More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 48060806More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 AlbertaMore information:

[Province]
 Remove		 Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information:
Alberta
[Census division]
 Remove
Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,306,784 ... ... 774 ... ... 486 ... ... 4,262,635 ... ... 1,590,639 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,239,220 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,067,175 ... ... 1,498,778 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 5.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.8 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 531,062 ... ... 266 ... ... 188 ... ... 1,772,670 ... ... 638,160 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 502,301 ... ... 262 ... ... 186 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,628 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,592.4 ... ... 2,102.1 ... ... 3,255.2 ... ... 6.7 ... ... 126.1 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 820.62 ... ... 0.37 ... ... 0.15 ... ... 634,658.27 ... ... 12,614.18 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,306,780 648,835 657,950 775 375 395 485 245 240 4,262,635 2,127,935 2,134,700 1,590,640 790,320 800,320
0 to 14 years 235,855 121,145 114,710 100 50 50 60 35 20 809,640 415,870 393,770 294,075 151,285 142,785
0 to 4 years 73,840 37,865 35,980 35 15 20 20 10 10 250,250 128,560 121,690 89,790 46,155 43,630
5 to 9 years 80,585 41,225 39,365 35 20 20 20 10 10 278,810 142,850 135,955 100,905 51,680 49,225
10 to 14 years 81,425 42,055 39,370 25 20 15 25 15 5 280,585 144,460 136,120 103,380 53,450 49,930
15 to 64 years 893,525 445,660 447,865 555 260 290 280 135 145 2,823,770 1,416,910 1,406,865 1,074,770 535,540 539,230
15 to 19 years 73,490 37,720 35,770 55 30 25 25 10 15 249,765 128,745 121,015 92,025 47,355 44,675
20 to 24 years 78,365 40,280 38,085 65 35 30 25 15 15 248,740 128,595 120,150 91,515 47,260 44,260
25 to 29 years 88,385 43,930 44,460 40 20 20 25 15 5 275,465 138,510 136,955 101,235 50,320 50,915
30 to 34 years 105,960 52,030 53,930 40 20 20 25 10 15 323,260 160,175 163,085 123,235 60,255 62,980
35 to 39 years 110,765 54,785 55,985 35 20 20 20 5 10 338,945 168,390 170,560 132,045 64,950 67,095
40 to 44 years 100,080 49,490 50,595 30 15 15 25 10 15 307,665 153,715 153,955 121,735 60,110 61,625
45 to 49 years 91,385 45,430 45,945 40 20 20 25 15 10 277,770 139,705 138,065 111,345 55,485 55,860
50 to 54 years 84,725 42,550 42,175 65 25 40 25 10 15 262,770 131,650 131,120 103,325 51,835 51,490
55 to 59 years 82,570 41,000 41,570 110 50 65 25 15 10 274,150 135,825 138,325 101,580 50,260 51,320
60 to 64 years 77,790 38,450 39,345 80 45 30 55 25 35 265,240 131,600 133,640 96,735 47,710 49,020
65 years and over 177,405 82,035 95,375 120 65 55 145 75 75 629,220 295,155 334,070 221,795 103,495 118,300
65 to 69 years 62,120 30,410 31,710 60 30 30 45 20 25 217,270 106,975 110,295 78,095 38,250 39,845
70 to 74 years 46,495 22,225 24,270 25 15 15 55 30 25 163,890 79,150 84,735 58,785 28,310 30,475
75 to 79 years 28,965 13,485 15,485 20 10 10 25 10 15 105,520 49,860 55,660 36,570 17,235 19,340
80 to 84 years 19,405 8,370 11,035 5 0 0 15 10 10 70,160 31,510 38,650 23,750 10,405 13,350
85 years and over 20,420 7,540 12,875 5 5 5 5 0 5 72,375 27,660 44,720 24,595 9,300 15,290
85 to 89 years 12,620 4,995 7,625 5 5 0 10 0 5 44,670 18,540 26,130 15,285 6,230 9,050
90 to 94 years 6,225 2,115 4,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,430 7,545 13,890 7,425 2,580 4,850
95 to 99 years 1,375 390 990 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,480 1,405 4,075 1,655 445 1,210
100 years and over 195 45 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 170 625 225 45 180
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 18.0 18.7 17.4 12.9 13.3 12.7 12.4 14.3 8.3 19.0 19.5 18.4 18.5 19.1 17.8
15 to 64 years 68.4 68.7 68.1 71.6 69.3 73.4 57.7 55.1 60.4 66.2 66.6 65.9 67.6 67.8 67.4
65 years and over 13.6 12.6 14.5 15.5 17.3 13.9 29.9 30.6 31.3 14.8 13.9 15.6 13.9 13.1 14.8
85 years and over 1.6 1.2 2.0 0.6 1.3 1.3 1.0 0.0 2.1 1.7 1.3 2.1 1.5 1.2 1.9
Average age of the population 38.8 38.2 39.5 42.9 43.2 42.6 47.5 45.4 49.6 39.0 38.4 39.7 38.9 38.3 39.6
Median age of the population 38.0 37.6 38.8 48.0 48.4 47.2 51.6 49.2 53.6 38.4 37.6 38.8 38.4 38.0 39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 265 ... ... 185 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Single-detached house 276,050 ... ... 265 ... ... 185 ... ... 994,565 ... ... 351,925 ... ...
Semi-detached house 31,660 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 98,740 ... ... 39,065 ... ...
Row house 48,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 127,735 ... ... 57,180 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 21,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 43,730 ... ... 21,855 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 81,870 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 247,030 ... ... 89,225 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 40,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 74,880 ... ... 40,750 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,215 ... ... 380 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,790 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 45,325 ... ... 4,250 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 502,305 ... ... 265 ... ... 185 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
1 person 132,695 ... ... 20 ... ... 30 ... ... 424,055 ... ... 151,770 ... ...
2 persons 159,955 ... ... 100 ... ... 85 ... ... 551,420 ... ... 196,980 ... ...
3 persons 80,020 ... ... 65 ... ... 35 ... ... 249,135 ... ... 96,165 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 45 ... ... 25 ... ... 243,400 ... ... 97,780 ... ...
5 or more persons 50,070 ... ... 30 ... ... 15 ... ... 165,215 ... ... 61,930 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 775 375 395 485 250 240 4,177,715 2,088,185 2,089,530 1,571,935 782,210 789,725
Average household size 2.6 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,070,930 527,695 543,240 675 325 350 425 210 220 3,452,995 1,712,065 1,740,925 1,296,570 639,035 657,530
Married or living common-law 624,845 312,690 312,150 460 230 230 280 140 145 2,033,945 1,018,425 1,015,520 773,480 387,015 386,465
Married 529,175 264,635 264,545 405 200 200 255 125 130 1,703,285 852,950 850,335 657,160 328,650 328,510
Living common-law 95,665 48,060 47,610 55 25 25 25 15 15 330,655 165,475 165,180 116,320 58,365 57,960
Living common law - Never married 73,555 37,065 36,490 40 20 20 20 10 10 245,650 123,625 122,030 87,265 43,935 43,330
Living common law - Separated 3,080 1,645 1,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,835 6,745 6,090 4,035 2,145 1,890
Living common law - Divorced 17,645 8,750 8,890 15 5 5 0 0 0 65,955 32,580 33,375 23,185 11,490 11,690
Living common law - Widowed 1,390 595 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,210 2,520 3,690 1,835 790 1,045
Not married and not living common-law 446,090 215,005 231,085 215 95 115 145 65 80 1,419,050 693,640 725,410 523,090 252,020 271,065
Not married and not living common law - Never married 313,900 170,360 143,540 180 85 95 100 55 40 969,780 535,715 434,065 364,145 197,890 166,255
Not married and not living common law - Separated 24,245 10,380 13,865 5 0 5 10 5 5 83,350 36,440 46,910 29,375 12,665 16,710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 67,400 25,865 41,535 25 5 15 15 5 10 214,460 87,950 126,505 79,920 30,945 48,970
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 40,550 8,395 32,150 15 0 15 25 5 20 151,455 33,530 117,925 49,640 10,520 39,125
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 356,225 ... ... 245 ... ... 160 ... ... 1,164,655 ... ... 438,900 ... ...
2 persons 164,970 ... ... 110 ... ... 95 ... ... 565,900 ... ... 204,395 ... ...
3 persons 78,740 ... ... 60 ... ... 30 ... ... 240,980 ... ... 94,815 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 50 ... ... 25 ... ... 238,600 ... ... 97,660 ... ...
5 or more persons 32,950 ... ... 25 ... ... 10 ... ... 119,170 ... ... 42,025 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 356,220 ... ... 245 ... ... 160 ... ... 1,164,650 ... ... 438,900 ... ...
Total couple families 304,050 ... ... 230 ... ... 140 ... ... 987,465 ... ... 377,050 ... ...
Married couples 256,225 ... ... 200 ... ... 130 ... ... 822,175 ... ... 318,890 ... ...
With children6 155,795 ... ... 115 ... ... 55 ... ... 464,975 ... ... 190,345 ... ...
Without children 100,430 ... ... 85 ... ... 75 ... ... 357,200 ... ... 128,545 ... ...
Common-law couples 47,830 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 165,290 ... ... 58,160 ... ...
With children6 14,805 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 60,705 ... ... 19,165 ... ...
Without children 33,020 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 104,580 ... ... 38,995 ... ...
Total one-parent families 52,170 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 177,190 ... ... 61,850 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 40,670 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 135,065 ... ... 47,785 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 11,505 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 42,125 ... ... 14,065 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 775 375 395 485 250 240 4,177,715 2,088,185 2,089,530 1,571,935 782,210 789,725
Total - Persons in census families 1,060,650 527,080 533,570 730 360 370 440 230 205 3,456,645 1,720,145 1,736,505 1,308,650 651,540 657,110
Married spouses or common-law partners 608,110 304,145 303,965 450 225 225 280 140 140 1,974,930 986,995 987,935 754,090 377,085 377,010
Parents in one-parent families 52,170 11,500 40,665 20 5 10 20 0 20 177,185 42,120 135,060 61,855 14,065 47,790
Children6 400,375 211,435 188,940 260 125 130 140 90 50 1,304,525 691,020 613,500 492,710 260,395 232,315
In a two-parent family 319,875 167,975 151,905 225 115 110 95 65 35 1,022,235 538,215 484,020 396,580 208,580 188,000
In a one-parent family 80,495 43,460 37,035 30 15 20 45 30 15 282,290 152,810 129,485 96,130 51,815 44,315
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 231,120 115,080 116,040 45 15 25 45 15 30 721,070 368,045 353,030 263,280 130,670 132,615
Living alone 132,690 62,770 69,920 15 5 10 30 15 20 424,055 207,075 216,980 151,765 71,605 80,165
Living with other relatives7 34,850 14,875 19,980 10 0 10 10 0 10 108,100 49,205 58,900 40,060 17,085 22,975
Living with non-relatives only 63,575 37,435 26,140 20 10 5 10 5 5 188,915 111,760 77,155 71,460 41,975 29,480
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 260 ... ... 190 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 302,280 ... ... 225 ... ... 145 ... ... 1,008,210 ... ... 375,185 ... ...
Couple-family households 262,950 ... ... 205 ... ... 125 ... ... 876,085 ... ... 328,515 ... ...
With children6 147,735 ... ... 110 ... ... 55 ... ... 465,405 ... ... 182,665 ... ...
Without children 115,220 ... ... 95 ... ... 75 ... ... 410,680 ... ... 145,845 ... ...
One-parent-family households 39,325 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 132,125 ... ... 46,670 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 17,040 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 47,450 ... ... 20,165 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 10,575 ... ... 4,730 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 18,975 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 60,780 ... ... 22,485 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 27,275 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 82,150 ... ... 30,295 ... ...
One-person households 132,690 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 424,055 ... ... 151,765 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 675 325 345 430 210 215 3,375,110 1,675,960 1,699,150 1,278,370 631,180 647,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,003,515 495,570 507,940 660 315 340 405 195 215 3,213,495 1,597,075 1,616,420 1,214,945 600,280 614,665
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,400 50,800 39,600 47,600 58,800 40,400 49,200 55,600 46,000 44,800 53,200 38,400 44,800 52,400 39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,004,015 495,845 508,175 660 315 340 405 195 215 3,215,290 1,598,045 1,617,250 1,215,665 600,680 614,980
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 44,800 36,000 43,200 50,800 36,400 43,600 49,600 40,400 40,400 46,800 35,200 40,400 46,000 36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 909,585 457,190 452,395 625 305 320 385 185 200 2,899,265 1,472,130 1,427,140 1,105,625 556,335 549,290
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 48,400 32,800 39,200 54,400 33,600 40,800 48,400 33,200 40,000 50,400 31,200 40,800 50,000 32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 761,365 391,230 370,130 495 245 250 250 125 125 2,426,900 1,262,555 1,164,345 922,195 474,800 447,395
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,400 49,600 35,600 45,200 60,000 36,800 32,800 39,600 26,800 41,600 51,600 33,600 42,400 50,800 34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 880,900 428,430 452,470 540 255 285 370 180 190 2,818,115 1,377,385 1,440,730 1,061,305 515,795 545,510
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,500 5,640 9,000 5,840 5,000 6,280 12,000 12,300 11,300 8,300 6,120 9,700 7,600 5,600 9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 115,990 54,710 61,280 60 25 35 35 20 15 373,185 184,280 188,900 136,975 64,415 72,555
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,800 5,760 5,880 6,000 6,000 5,880 5,920 x x 5,800 5,760 5,880 5,800 5,760 5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 326,795 158,290 168,500 170 80 90 115 60 55 978,925 473,610 505,320 384,535 184,820 199,710
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,500 8,000 9,000 7,500 7,000 7,750 10,000 10,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 710 350 360 405 220 195 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,375 631,155 647,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,175 495,345 507,830 700 345 355 395 205 190 3,212,650 1,596,250 1,616,400 1,214,380 599,940 614,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 64,600 76,500 53,050 65,400 77,200 53,800 90,400 119,000 58,400 60,850 72,700 49,160 65,500 78,400 52,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,685 495,595 508,095 700 345 355 395 205 190 3,214,490 1,597,255 1,617,235 1,215,100 600,300 614,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,500 60,400 44,760 54,300 63,600 45,400 71,600 92,000 49,200 50,200 58,400 42,120 53,050 61,750 44,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 909,780 457,395 452,390 675 325 350 385 190 190 2,900,200 1,472,350 1,427,850 1,105,945 556,435 549,510
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 61,600 74,500 48,520 61,200 74,800 48,800 83,600 117,000 49,600 57,300 70,100 44,040 62,300 76,300 48,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 761,230 391,465 369,765 520 245 275 255 120 130 2,426,940 1,262,995 1,163,950 922,200 475,075 447,125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 60,450 71,900 48,320 64,800 77,000 54,000 91,000 134,000 53,000 56,350 67,800 43,920 60,800 73,200 47,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 879,935 427,945 451,995 550 280 265 345 175 175 2,817,280 1,376,575 1,440,710 1,060,140 515,090 545,050
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,010 8,920 11,050 8,280 8,300 8,200 11,280 12,500 10,100 10,440 9,300 11,520 10,020 8,930 11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 115,600 54,695 60,905 65 25 45 40 20 20 371,975 183,715 188,265 136,685 64,550 72,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,060 6,620 7,460 4,400 4,800 4,200 7,400 7,200 8,000 7,090 6,720 7,450 7,070 6,620 7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 325,765 158,290 167,480 140 75 70 115 75 40 972,130 470,475 501,650 383,100 184,610 198,485
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,350 9,260 9,440 8,800 7,600 10,000 10,600 10,800 10,000 9,170 9,030 9,290 9,270 9,160 9,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 710 345 360 410 215 195 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,370 631,155 647,215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 356,230 200,300 155,925 225 115 110 115 45 65 1,120,075 641,305 478,775 432,255 245,295 186,965
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 72,500 79,000 65,500 107,000 135,000 89,000 75,500 162,000 66,500 70,500 78,500 62,000 73,000 80,000 65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 93,600 105,800 77,800 115,000 130,000 100,000 116,000 185,000 68,000 85,200 96,300 70,400 94,000 107,000 76,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 309,535 144,060 165,475 220 105 115 100 55 50 993,770 466,385 527,385 374,345 173,060 201,290
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 20,400 23,000 18,600 19,400 25,600 17,000 19,600 30,000 10,400 21,600 26,200 18,400 20,400 23,400 18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,600 39,360 28,560 29,600 37,500 22,000 58,000 68,000 46,000 34,280 42,280 27,160 33,960 40,480 28,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 86.4 90.0 81.4 90.0 91.0 89.0 89.0 92.0 84.0 85.0 89.0 79.2 86.6 90.2 81.4
Employment income (%)19 71.0 74.2 66.4 74.0 72.0 76.0 64.0 64.0 64.0 70.0 73.8 64.4 70.6 74.0 65.6
Government transfers (%)20 13.6 10.1 18.6 9.9 8.8 11.4 10.9 8.8 15.6 15.0 11.0 20.9 13.4 9.8 18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.8 1.2 0.9 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.2 4.2 6.6 3.1 2.3 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.9 5.1 4.0 6.7 5.0 3.9 6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 3.9 5.9 2.8 2.0 3.8 3.3 3.2 3.6 4.6 3.7 5.9 4.5 3.6 5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 675 325 350 425 210 220 3,375,110 1,675,960 1,699,150 1,278,375 631,180 647,190
Without total income 52,710 25,610 27,100 15 10 5 20 10 5 161,620 78,885 82,730 63,430 30,900 32,525
With total income 1,003,510 495,570 507,940 660 320 340 410 195 210 3,213,490 1,597,075 1,616,415 1,214,950 600,280 614,670
Under $10,000 (including loss) 88,650 37,295 51,350 70 25 45 45 15 25 271,260 111,180 160,085 107,500 44,415 63,085
$10,000 to $19,999 95,485 40,550 54,935 70 25 45 40 10 25 307,390 122,515 184,880 115,465 47,780 67,690
$20,000 to $29,999 150,395 67,505 82,885 75 30 45 50 25 30 483,175 210,085 273,090 178,230 78,800 99,430
$30,000 to $39,999 120,085 52,190 67,895 60 30 35 35 20 20 384,115 161,270 222,840 142,910 61,170 81,740
$40,000 to $49,999 102,800 47,405 55,400 65 30 40 40 20 20 332,120 148,870 183,245 122,655 55,960 66,690
$50,000 to $59,999 84,010 40,150 43,855 55 25 25 40 15 20 277,960 132,620 145,340 101,530 48,280 53,245
$60,000 to $69,999 69,945 34,995 34,950 40 15 20 35 10 30 232,840 119,260 113,580 85,080 42,725 42,355
$70,000 to $79,999 56,175 29,855 26,315 30 15 20 25 15 10 187,305 105,100 82,205 68,705 36,885 31,825
$80,000 to $89,999 43,630 24,315 19,315 30 15 20 20 10 15 146,920 87,190 59,725 53,900 30,515 23,385
$90,000 to $99,999 36,520 20,230 16,285 25 15 10 15 10 5 124,520 73,960 50,560 45,345 25,570 19,775
$100,000 and over 155,825 101,065 54,765 140 90 45 65 45 20 465,885 325,025 140,860 193,625 128,165 65,460
$100,000 to $149,999 90,875 54,255 36,615 75 45 30 30 20 10 291,955 191,190 100,765 113,250 69,295 43,955
$150,000 and over 64,950 46,810 18,145 60 45 15 40 30 10 173,935 133,835 40,100 80,375 58,870 21,505
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 675 325 350 425 210 220 3,375,110 1,675,960 1,699,150 1,278,375 631,180 647,190
Without after-tax income 52,205 25,340 26,860 15 10 5 20 10 5 159,820 77,915 81,900 62,710 30,505 32,210
With after-tax income 1,004,020 495,845 508,175 660 320 340 410 195 210 3,215,295 1,598,045 1,617,245 1,215,660 600,680 614,985
Under $10,000 (including loss) 92,205 38,635 53,565 75 30 50 45 15 25 282,760 115,430 167,325 112,205 46,185 66,020
$10,000 to $19,999 99,660 42,515 57,150 65 20 40 40 15 25 320,525 128,425 192,100 120,545 50,115 70,430
$20,000 to $29,999 170,545 76,940 93,605 90 40 50 60 25 30 545,450 237,370 308,080 201,940 89,680 112,255
$30,000 to $39,999 139,800 62,515 77,285 70 30 40 40 20 15 449,440 194,945 254,500 166,565 73,405 93,160
$40,000 to $49,999 119,345 56,570 62,770 80 35 45 50 20 35 388,170 182,160 206,010 143,135 67,430 75,705
$50,000 to $59,999 94,265 46,850 47,410 50 25 25 45 20 30 314,650 160,140 154,510 114,565 57,190 57,380
$60,000 to $69,999 71,155 37,840 33,320 45 20 25 30 15 10 240,015 135,075 104,940 87,375 47,045 40,330
$70,000 to $79,999 52,530 29,120 23,415 35 20 10 25 15 10 178,580 106,080 72,495 65,115 36,810 28,305
$80,000 to $89,999 41,555 22,700 18,850 30 15 10 10 5 0 138,170 82,415 55,755 51,690 28,935 22,760
$90,000 to $99,999 28,220 16,610 11,610 20 15 5 10 5 5 92,045 59,450 32,595 35,160 21,215 13,945
$100,000 and over 94,730 65,540 29,195 90 65 30 50 35 15 265,490 196,560 68,930 117,360 82,665 34,700
$100,000 to $124,999 39,250 25,260 13,985 50 30 20 15 5 10 121,505 85,805 35,705 48,950 32,240 16,710
$125,000 and over 55,485 40,285 15,205 45 40 10 35 30 5 143,985 110,760 33,225 68,410 50,430 17,985
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 675 325 350 425 210 220 3,375,110 1,675,960 1,699,150 1,278,375 631,180 647,190
Without employment income 294,855 129,955 164,905 185 85 100 175 85 90 948,210 413,405 534,805 356,175 156,380 199,795
With employment income 761,365 391,235 370,135 490 240 250 255 125 130 2,426,900 1,262,555 1,164,345 922,200 474,800 447,395
Under $5,000 (including loss) 93,565 43,905 49,665 80 35 45 50 25 25 305,715 142,525 163,185 116,020 54,130 61,895
$5,000 to $9,999 61,265 26,265 35,000 30 10 15 20 10 10 186,575 78,780 107,795 73,350 31,190 42,165
$10,000 to $19,999 84,600 37,635 46,965 50 25 30 30 10 15 270,795 116,950 153,845 101,970 44,705 57,260
$20,000 to $29,999 65,430 30,260 35,170 45 20 25 20 10 10 212,530 93,955 118,575 78,390 35,640 42,745
$30,000 to $39,999 62,020 29,540 32,480 30 15 15 10 5 0 202,095 92,015 110,080 73,695 34,455 39,235
$40,000 to $49,999 60,110 29,420 30,685 30 15 20 15 5 5 193,315 92,690 100,625 71,335 34,515 36,815
$50,000 to $59,999 56,160 27,655 28,505 25 10 15 15 5 10 181,745 89,815 91,930 67,050 32,805 34,245
$60,000 to $69,999 50,010 25,670 24,345 30 15 20 25 10 15 161,830 85,450 76,375 60,120 30,900 29,220
$70,000 to $79,999 40,770 22,575 18,195 15 5 10 10 5 5 133,940 78,540 55,400 49,420 27,665 21,750
$80,000 to $89,999 33,160 18,845 14,315 20 5 10 10 5 0 110,580 67,335 43,240 40,555 23,400 17,160
$90,000 to $99,999 29,855 16,295 13,560 25 15 5 5 0 5 101,430 59,855 41,575 37,010 20,630 16,375
$100,000 and over 124,415 83,170 41,245 115 80 30 45 30 15 366,350 264,635 101,720 153,280 104,755 48,525
$100,000 to $124,999 49,530 29,135 20,400 40 25 15 10 10 0 158,925 103,055 55,870 61,175 36,970 24,210
$125,000 and over 74,880 54,035 20,845 70 55 20 35 25 10 207,430 161,580 45,850 92,100 67,780 24,320
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 675 325 345 430 210 215 3,375,110 1,675,960 1,699,150 1,278,370 631,180 647,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,505 483,190 497,310 645 310 330 405 195 210 3,147,180 1,561,420 1,585,760 1,186,950 585,375 601,575
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,600 51,200 37,600 47,200 61,600 38,400 49,200 55,200 40,000 44,400 54,800 36,400 44,400 53,200 37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,815 483,265 497,550 645 310 330 405 195 210 3,148,375 1,561,645 1,586,735 1,187,385 585,475 601,910
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,200 44,800 34,400 41,600 54,800 34,800 43,200 48,800 36,800 39,600 47,600 33,600 40,000 46,400 34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 897,540 451,120 446,420 620 305 315 380 185 195 2,869,935 1,456,690 1,413,250 1,090,850 548,795 542,060
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,200 51,200 36,000 42,800 58,000 33,600 43,600 52,000 35,600 43,200 54,000 34,400 43,600 52,800 35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 762,840 391,880 370,965 485 245 240 265 135 135 2,438,175 1,267,255 1,170,925 923,490 475,205 448,285
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,400 51,600 38,000 46,800 60,800 37,600 36,400 48,800 30,600 44,400 55,200 36,000 44,800 53,600 37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 833,025 405,905 427,120 515 245 270 350 175 180 2,675,790 1,312,270 1,363,520 1,003,255 489,055 514,200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 1,140 950 2,740 1,010 950 1,240 3,020 1,120 6,450 1,620 1,010 4,080 1,190 960 3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 70,610 32,260 38,350 40 15 20 25 10 15 245,140 118,390 126,750 85,480 38,765 46,720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,600 5,840 7,300 4,760 x 6,600 6,240 x x 6,240 5,640 7,050 6,450 5,680 7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 710 350 360 405 220 195 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,375 631,155 647,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,005 482,985 497,015 670 335 340 395 205 190 3,146,890 1,560,995 1,585,890 1,186,410 585,100 601,310
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,200 77,400 51,450 66,000 73,200 58,800 96,400 130,000 58,000 60,750 74,200 47,560 65,500 80,000 51,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,295 483,045 497,250 670 335 340 395 205 190 3,147,975 1,561,230 1,586,750 1,186,820 585,185 601,635
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,800 60,800 43,040 53,200 58,400 48,000 74,000 97,000 48,000 49,720 59,050 40,520 52,650 62,600 43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 897,990 451,595 446,395 645 330 315 375 195 185 2,871,550 1,456,805 1,414,740 1,091,545 549,110 542,435
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,500 78,300 50,560 63,900 69,600 58,000 94,800 134,000 53,200 60,350 74,400 45,840 65,600 80,800 50,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 762,865 392,125 370,740 515 260 250 250 135 120 2,438,445 1,267,615 1,170,835 923,490 475,385 448,110
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 63,450 75,800 50,440 66,800 70,500 62,800 103,000 142,000 59,000 59,450 72,000 45,800 64,100 77,600 49,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 833,205 406,035 427,170 520 255 265 345 185 160 2,676,295 1,312,765 1,363,530 1,003,375 489,190 514,180
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,005 4,932 7,020 5,520 5,600 5,440 6,800 6,320 7,400 6,720 5,635 7,770 6,130 5,076 7,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 70,185 31,980 38,210 25 15 0 25 0 0 244,330 117,410 126,920 84,820 38,275 46,545
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,230 7,210 9,090 8,000 8,000 ... 8,500 ... ... 7,990 7,020 8,900 8,200 7,120 9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 710 345 360 410 215 195 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,370 631,155 647,215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 352,800 198,465 154,335 225 110 115 110 55 60 1,111,760 636,785 474,975 428,265 243,165 185,105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 69,500 76,500 62,400 117,000 130,000 88,000 62,400 105,000 52,800 68,500 77,500 58,800 70,500 78,500 62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 91,200 104,000 74,800 109,000 126,000 94,000 112,000 170,000 60,000 83,800 95,700 67,800 92,000 105,800 74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 292,225 136,270 155,955 190 105 95 95 55 40 941,295 443,225 498,070 353,070 163,500 189,570
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,800 32,400 26,000 20,200 19,400 22,000 44,000 44,400 36,400 30,000 37,200 25,400 28,800 33,200 25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 43,240 51,500 36,040 36,800 40,000 33,500 86,000 92,000 78,000 43,280 54,050 33,720 43,720 53,050 35,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 92.0 94.6 88.2 93.6 94.0 92.0 94.0 96.0 88.0 90.6 93.6 86.0 92.0 94.6 88.2
Employment income (%) 77.0 79.6 73.2 78.0 76.0 80.0 69.0 70.0 66.0 75.8 78.8 71.0 76.2 78.8 72.2
Government transfers (%) 7.9 5.4 11.7 6.6 5.9 7.3 6.2 4.4 11.0 9.4 6.4 14.0 7.9 5.3 11.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.5 0.6 x 0.5 x x 1.0 0.7 1.5 0.9 0.6 1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 502,305 ... ... 265 ... ... 185 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 98,000 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 132,690 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 424,055 ... ... 151,765 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 50,000 ... ... x ... ... 55,200 ... ... 48,000 ... ... 50,400 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... x ... ... 47,600 ... ... 42,400 ... ... 44,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 369,610 ... ... 245 ... ... 160 ... ... 1,209,165 ... ... 452,860 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 119,000 ... ... 152,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 103,000 ... ... 133,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 200,000 ... ... 119,700 ... ... 131,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 104,900 ... ... 150,000 ... ... 158,000 ... ... 98,800 ... ... 106,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 132,725 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 424,120 ... ... 151,830 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 67,900 ... ... 26,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 62,050 ... ... 67,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 55,300 ... ... 24,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 51,400 ... ... 55,250 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 369,575 ... ... 235 ... ... 155 ... ... 1,209,100 ... ... 452,795 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 151,000 ... ... 194,000 ... ... 220,000 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 152,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 122,700 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 172,000 ... ... 115,500 ... ... 123,800 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 502,305 ... ... 265 ... ... 185 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Under $5,000 5,975 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 16,810 ... ... 6,730 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,895 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 8,310 ... ... 3,245 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 3,930 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 12,525 ... ... 4,475 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,410 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 17,725 ... ... 6,245 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 14,160 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 49,050 ... ... 16,055 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 14,505 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 52,025 ... ... 16,860 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 12,430 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 41,490 ... ... 14,380 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 14,120 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 48,190 ... ... 16,415 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 15,160 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 52,710 ... ... 17,790 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 15,195 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 51,200 ... ... 17,750 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 30,875 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 104,130 ... ... 36,405 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 31,950 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 106,340 ... ... 37,740 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 31,405 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 104,230 ... ... 37,230 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 29,885 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 98,820 ... ... 35,705 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 28,640 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 93,990 ... ... 34,355 ... ...
$100,000 and over 245,760 ... ... 180 ... ... 115 ... ... 775,675 ... ... 303,255 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 61,565 ... ... 25 ... ... 20 ... ... 204,960 ... ... 74,975 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 47,245 ... ... 25 ... ... 20 ... ... 156,945 ... ... 58,215 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 61,440 ... ... 50 ... ... 30 ... ... 200,675 ... ... 76,310 ... ...
$200,000 and over 75,515 ... ... 80 ... ... 40 ... ... 213,100 ... ... 93,755 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 502,305 ... ... 265 ... ... 185 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Under $5,000 6,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 18,920 ... ... 7,625 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,985 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 8,620 ... ... 3,380 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 12,950 ... ... 4,615 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 18,925 ... ... 6,745 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 15,290 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 52,455 ... ... 17,335 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 16,415 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 58,000 ... ... 19,015 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 14,475 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 48,620 ... ... 16,770 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 16,635 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 56,195 ... ... 19,345 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 18,230 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 62,115 ... ... 21,320 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 18,030 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 60,880 ... ... 21,155 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 37,875 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 126,900 ... ... 44,695 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 38,390 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 127,780 ... ... 45,520 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 36,910 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 122,795 ... ... 44,095 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 35,205 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 117,335 ... ... 42,705 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 31,690 ... ... 15 ... ... 5 ... ... 106,445 ... ... 38,715 ... ...
$100,000 and over 203,605 ... ... 165 ... ... 100 ... ... 634,290 ... ... 251,600 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 64,210 ... ... 35 ... ... 30 ... ... 214,810 ... ... 78,970 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 45,680 ... ... 30 ... ... 30 ... ... 149,640 ... ... 56,565 ... ...
$150,000 and over 93,720 ... ... 95 ... ... 45 ... ... 269,845 ... ... 116,060 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 350,080 ... ... 240 ... ... 155 ... ... 1,150,150 ... ... 431,155 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 118,000 ... ... 152,000 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 133,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 119,715 ... ... 95 ... ... 75 ... ... 423,245 ... ... 151,045 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 170,690 ... ... 120 ... ... 55 ... ... 527,475 ... ... 209,715 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 142,000 ... ... 198,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 144,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,000 ... ... 164,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 47,790 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 162,425 ... ... 56,700 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 72,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 66,000 ... ... 68,500 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 196,265 100,210 96,060 35 15 20 35 15 20 612,970 318,840 294,130 223,225 113,580 109,645
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 44,000 45,200 43,200 44,400 x 48,400 55,600 x 60,000 43,600 46,400 40,800 44,400 46,000 43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,600 40,000 38,800 39,200 x 41,200 47,600 x 53,200 39,200 41,200 37,200 40,000 40,800 38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 350,020 ... ... 230 ... ... 155 ... ... 1,149,555 ... ... 431,010 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 151,600 ... ... 190,000 ... ... 216,000 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 153,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 122,800 ... ... 157,000 ... ... 172,000 ... ... 115,100 ... ... 123,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 119,860 ... ... 80 ... ... 65 ... ... 423,255 ... ... 151,205 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 140,800 ... ... 142,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 128,400 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 113,200 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 113,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 170,590 ... ... 140 ... ... 70 ... ... 528,270 ... ... 209,670 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 178,600 ... ... 220,000 ... ... 210,000 ... ... 167,000 ... ... 180,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 143,200 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 165,000 ... ... 136,200 ... ... 144,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 47,630 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 161,495 ... ... 56,445 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 89,200 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 85,100 ... ... 90,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 77,600 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... 74,800 ... ... 78,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 196,265 100,075 96,185 45 20 20 30 20 0 612,950 318,115 294,835 223,320 113,715 109,605
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 59,850 61,150 58,550 34,000 x 36,000 72,000 60,000 x 56,550 60,100 52,750 60,050 61,950 58,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 49,480 50,080 48,880 31,000 x 30,000 60,000 45,000 x 47,360 49,600 44,960 49,640 50,640 48,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 775 380 400 485 245 240 4,177,715 2,088,185 2,089,535 1,571,935 782,210 789,725
0 to 17 years 279,980 143,740 136,235 130 65 70 75 45 30 953,865 490,345 463,520 349,785 179,925 169,860
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 40 20 20 25 15 5 302,980 155,160 147,820 109,785 56,290 53,495
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,605 424,880 520 250 270 265 130 135 2,638,940 1,317,995 1,320,945 1,013,015 502,890 510,125
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 120 65 55 150 75 75 584,915 279,845 305,065 209,135 99,390 109,740
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 115,560 55,845 59,720 30 10 15 20 10 10 382,820 182,970 199,855 134,160 64,550 69,610
0 to 17 years 30,045 15,495 14,550 0 0 0 5 0 0 107,130 54,765 52,370 35,370 18,260 17,110
0 to 5 years 9,980 5,085 4,895 0 0 0 5 0 0 36,250 18,465 17,790 11,490 5,880 5,610
18 to 64 years 68,060 33,225 34,835 20 5 10 15 5 5 213,795 103,030 110,765 78,110 37,880 40,225
65 years and over 17,455 7,120 10,335 10 5 0 5 0 5 61,890 25,180 36,720 20,680 8,400 12,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.0 8.7 9.2 3.6 3.2 4.0 4.4 5.0 4.0 9.2 8.8 9.6 8.5 8.3 8.8
0 to 17 years (%) 10.7 10.8 10.7 x x x x x x 11.2 11.2 11.3 10.1 10.2 10.1
0 to 5 years (%) 11.1 11.0 11.1 x x x x x x 12.0 11.9 12.0 10.5 10.5 10.5
18 to 64 years (%) 8.1 7.9 8.2 3.2 1.6 4.5 5.0 6.0 4.0 8.1 7.8 8.4 7.7 7.5 7.9
65 years and over (%) 10.4 9.0 11.7 6.0 6.0 x 4.0 x x 10.6 9.0 12.0 9.9 8.5 11.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 775 375 400 485 245 240 4,132,995 2,065,555 2,067,435 1,571,935 782,210 789,725
0 to 17 years 279,975 143,740 136,235 135 65 65 75 50 25 936,965 481,700 455,265 349,790 179,930 169,855
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 40 15 25 20 15 10 298,005 152,625 145,380 109,785 56,290 53,500
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,610 424,880 520 245 275 265 125 140 2,614,300 1,305,610 1,308,690 1,013,015 502,890 510,130
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 120 60 60 145 70 75 581,730 278,250 303,475 209,130 99,390 109,740
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 74,755 38,790 35,970 5 0 5 10 10 5 187,885 96,630 91,255 81,680 42,310 39,370
0 to 17 years 16,260 8,345 7,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,110 21,925 21,180 18,085 9,305 8,780
0 to 5 years 5,165 2,630 2,530 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,945 7,045 6,900 5,625 2,890 2,730
18 to 64 years 52,615 27,685 24,930 0 0 0 5 5 0 130,620 68,100 62,525 57,155 29,990 27,170
65 years and over 5,885 2,755 3,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,155 6,605 7,550 6,440 3,015 3,420
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 5.8 6.0 5.5 0.6 x 1.0 2.0 2.5 x 4.6 4.7 4.4 5.2 5.4 5.0
0 to 17 years (%) 5.8 5.8 5.8 x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.7 5.2 5.2 5.2
0 to 5 years (%) 5.7 5.7 5.8 x x x x x x 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.1 5.1
18 to 64 years (%) 6.2 6.6 5.9 x x x 2.5 4.0 x 5.0 5.2 4.8 5.6 6.0 5.3
65 years and over (%) 3.5 3.5 3.5 x x x x x x 2.4 2.4 2.5 3.1 3.0 3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 775 375 395 485 245 240 4,177,715 2,088,185 2,089,530 1,571,935 782,210 789,725
In bottom half of the distribution 567,165 277,385 289,775 180 85 90 115 60 55 1,894,410 924,245 970,165 673,690 328,825 344,865
In bottom decile 107,675 54,440 53,230 25 15 10 15 10 5 345,410 172,330 173,080 124,250 62,485 61,770
In second decile 113,610 53,540 60,065 40 15 25 25 10 10 385,215 179,975 205,240 132,700 62,320 70,380
In third decile 112,705 54,705 58,005 20 5 15 25 15 10 380,170 184,770 195,400 133,855 64,900 68,960
In fourth decile 115,075 56,390 58,690 40 25 15 25 10 10 386,560 190,330 196,235 138,980 68,120 70,855
In fifth decile 118,100 58,310 59,790 55 25 30 30 15 20 397,055 196,830 200,215 143,905 71,000 72,900
In top half of the distribution 724,605 364,770 359,830 595 290 305 370 185 185 2,283,310 1,163,940 1,119,365 898,245 453,385 444,865
In sixth decile 122,380 60,845 61,535 65 35 30 70 30 35 406,615 204,040 202,575 150,845 75,135 75,710
In seventh decile 125,895 62,890 63,005 70 30 40 45 25 25 420,810 212,460 208,350 155,985 78,075 77,910
In eighth decile 132,170 66,300 65,865 105 50 50 60 30 35 440,225 223,690 216,535 164,975 82,995 81,980
In ninth decile 145,410 73,125 72,290 140 65 80 95 50 40 470,850 240,765 230,085 181,315 91,520 89,795
In top decile 198,750 101,615 97,135 215 110 110 100 50 50 544,810 282,985 261,825 245,130 125,660 119,470
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,291,770 ... ... 775 ... ... 485 ... ... 4,177,720 ... ... 1,571,935 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.376 ... ... 0.272 ... ... 0.354 ... ... 0.350 ... ... 0.374 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.471 ... ... 0.341 ... ... 0.444 ... ... 0.450 ... ... 0.467 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.327 ... ... 0.246 ... ... 0.310 ... ... 0.307 ... ... 0.326 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.1 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 775 375 400 485 245 240 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 1,578,665 784,990 793,675
English only 1,177,415 591,385 586,025 720 350 365 445 225 225 3,894,690 1,960,785 1,933,905 1,440,365 723,615 716,745
French only 825 350 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,105 1,330 1,780 980 425 555
English and French 85,355 39,160 46,200 50 20 30 35 15 15 258,330 119,725 138,605 103,090 47,140 55,945
Neither English nor French 32,520 13,125 19,395 5 0 5 10 5 5 65,705 26,945 38,760 34,235 13,810 20,420
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 775 375 400 485 245 240 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 1,578,665 784,990 793,675
English 1,240,980 619,695 621,280 750 365 385 465 235 230 4,078,135 2,042,220 2,035,915 1,517,390 757,800 759,590
French 16,810 8,335 8,480 20 10 10 10 5 5 64,440 32,960 31,485 20,675 10,250 10,425
English and French 6,620 3,275 3,345 0 0 0 5 5 0 15,525 7,680 7,840 7,260 3,590 3,675
Neither English nor French 31,705 12,710 18,995 5 0 5 10 5 5 63,735 25,925 37,810 33,340 13,355 19,985
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 775 375 400 485 245 240 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 1,578,665 784,990 793,675
Single responses 1,229,455 611,620 617,835 740 360 380 465 240 230 4,055,375 2,028,210 2,027,165 1,505,615 749,475 756,135
Official languages 846,405 428,260 418,145 620 310 315 365 185 180 3,148,690 1,591,780 1,556,910 1,090,565 550,685 539,875
English 830,305 420,265 410,040 605 300 300 355 180 175 3,083,840 1,558,570 1,525,265 1,070,475 540,715 529,760
French 16,100 7,990 8,105 20 10 10 10 5 5 64,855 33,210 31,645 20,090 9,970 10,115
Non-official languages 383,050 183,360 199,690 115 50 65 100 50 50 906,680 436,430 470,250 415,050 198,790 216,260
Indigenous languages39 580 240 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,200 8,165 9,035 645 270 380
Algonquian languages 415 165 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,155 7,265 7,890 445 180 265
Blackfoot 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,470 1,160 1,315 180 90 90
Cree-Innu languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,290 5,920 6,370 205 75 125
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,290 5,920 6,365 205 75 125
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 30 5 0 5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 5 5 5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 705 890 50 20 35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 650 655 10 5 5
Cree, n.o.s. 125 45 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,255 4,495 4,760 130 55 80
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 0
Mi'kmaq 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 55 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 180 205 55 15 40
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 10 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 45 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 170 185 50 15 35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 110 125 25 5 15
Ojibway, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50 50 30 10 20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 50 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 610 735 55 30 25
Northern Athabaskan languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,335 605 725 50 30 20
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,075 495 585 15 10 10
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 65 85 10 5 5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 45 55 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 5 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 20 15 10
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 5 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 40 100 20 5 10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 20 5 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Inuktitut 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 35 80 15 5 15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 40 15 5 5
Salish languages 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 5 0 5
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 80 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 205 235 90 30 60
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Dakota 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 20 5 15
Stoney 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 175 180 65 25 40
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 5 5 5
Tsimshian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 0
Non-Indigenous languages 382,470 183,120 199,345 115 50 65 100 50 50 889,485 428,270 461,215 414,405 198,525 215,885
Afro-Asiatic languages 34,290 17,610 16,680 0 0 0 5 0 5 82,270 42,330 39,935 35,495 18,255 17,240
Berber languages 125 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 185 150 135 75 65
Kabyle 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 110 115 100 50 50
Tamazight 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 60 30 30 20 10
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 10 5 0
Chadic languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 45 20 20
Hausa 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 80 65 40 20 20
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 5 0 5
Coptic 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 30 10 15
Cushitic languages 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,995 7,485 7,515 3,200 1,600 1,600
Bilen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 650 345 300 170 85 85
Oromo 1,370 685 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,485 1,780 1,705 1,395 700 700
Somali 1,600 795 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,280 5,470 1,615 800 815
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 25 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 70 45 25 20 5
Semitic languages 30,935 15,925 15,005 0 0 0 5 0 5 66,720 34,555 32,165 32,085 16,545 15,535
Amharic 4,460 2,140 2,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,165 3,925 4,245 4,515 2,170 2,345
Arabic 20,395 10,695 9,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,425 24,385 22,045 21,355 11,215 10,145
Aramaic languages 635 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 405 430 660 325 340
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 325 160 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 225 220 350 175 170
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 220 105 115
Aramaic, n.o.s. 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 55 70 95 40 55
Harari 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 110 45 20 20
Hebrew 455 225 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 885 455 425 480 240 240
Maltese 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 25 10 15
Tigrigna 4,890 2,510 2,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,065 5,210 4,855 4,965 2,545 2,420
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 50 35 35 20 15
Austro-Asiatic languages 13,755 6,180 7,575 10 5 5 0 0 0 25,655 11,520 14,135 14,785 6,645 8,140
Khmer (Cambodian) 795 365 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,775 800 975 870 400 465
Vietnamese 12,855 5,750 7,100 10 5 5 0 0 0 23,705 10,615 13,090 13,810 6,185 7,625
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 110 60 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 100 75 110 60 50
Austronesian languages 51,040 22,530 28,505 15 5 15 0 0 0 131,755 58,110 73,640 55,755 24,650 31,110
Bikol 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 235 295 235 105 130
Bisaya, n.o.s. 865 370 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 985 1,285 970 415 555
Cebuano 1,840 815 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,210 2,300 2,910 2,010 900 1,115
Fijian 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 55 25 25
Hiligaynon 955 405 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,370 1,005 1,370 1,070 460 610
Ilocano 3,435 1,545 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,440 3,325 4,110 3,610 1,630 1,980
Indonesian 665 270 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 510 765 700 280 420
Kankanaey 190 80 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 155 220 195 80 115
Kinaray-a 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 80 90 90 40 50
Malagasy languages 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 30 15 10
Merina 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 30 25 15 10
Malay 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 115 155 145 70 80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 460 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 620 650 510 240 265
Pangasinan 195 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 235 280 210 100 115
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 41,375 18,235 23,135 15 5 10 0 0 0 108,395 47,810 60,590 45,300 20,005 25,290
Waray-Waray 155 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 225 165 80 85
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 420 180 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,075 475 605 465 195 270
Creole languages 560 275 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,745 875 875 605 300 310
Haitian Creole 165 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 230 225 180 85 95
Jamaican English Creole 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 30 20 10 5
Krio 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 60 30 30
Morisyen 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 105 50 55
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 145 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 215 210 150 75 75
Creole languages, n.i.e. 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 110 105 90 50 45
Dravidian languages 6,430 3,300 3,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,170 8,845 8,330 6,750 3,470 3,280
Kannada 355 180 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 295 295 355 180 180
Malayalam 2,655 1,335 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,785 4,450 4,330 2,805 1,410 1,390
Tamil 2,095 1,095 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,950 2,610 2,340 2,215 1,160 1,060
Telugu 1,255 660 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,715 1,425 1,295 1,295 685 610
Tulu 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40 50 20 25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 30 25 10 15
Georgian 120 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 90 120 70 55
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 182,725 89,715 93,015 50 30 25 30 15 10 454,815 224,310 230,505 203,750 100,055 103,695
Albanian 1,330 695 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,345 1,250 1,100 1,375 725 650
Armenian 260 135 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 275 135 140
Balto-Slavic languages 27,355 12,635 14,725 10 5 5 15 5 10 70,185 32,420 37,760 30,225 13,960 16,270
Baltic languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 885 405 475 490 225 260
Latvian 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 165 205 185 80 100
Lithuanian 270 130 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 240 275 305 145 160
Slavic languages 26,925 12,430 14,490 10 5 5 15 5 10 69,305 32,020 37,285 29,740 13,735 16,005
Belarusian 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 20 10 15
Bulgarian 785 395 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,300 640 660 820 410 405
Czech 1,190 545 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,700 1,265 1,435 1,405 645 760
Macedonian 135 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 185 185 160 80 75
Polish 6,845 3,190 3,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,540 8,130 9,410 7,595 3,540 4,050
Russian 9,460 4,205 5,255 0 0 0 5 5 0 17,735 7,850 9,890 10,165 4,510 5,660
Rusyn 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 5 0
Serbo-Croatian 4,440 2,150 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,350 5,085 5,270 4,905 2,385 2,520
Bosnian 780 380 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,860 905 960 895 435 460
Croatian 1,755 830 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 2,105 2,155 2,000 960 1,045
Serbian 1,830 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,040 1,975 2,065 1,935 950 980
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 90 75 40 35
Slovak 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 910 950 1,085 545 545
Slovene (Slovenian) 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 245 305 225 95 130
Ukrainian 2,900 1,315 1,585 0 0 0 5 0 5 16,750 7,630 9,125 3,340 1,500 1,840
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 10 5 5
Celtic languages 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 165 130 125 65 55
Irish 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 45 25 30 15 15
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 20 20 5 15
Welsh 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 75 65 60 30 30
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 15 10 0
Germanic languages 12,360 5,935 6,430 10 0 5 10 5 5 93,145 45,830 47,320 17,580 8,490 9,090
Frisian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 145 105 45 25 20
High German languages 7,370 3,450 3,915 10 0 5 5 0 0 60,990 29,660 31,325 10,660 5,055 5,600
German 7,100 3,315 3,790 5 0 0 5 0 0 59,835 29,055 30,775 10,230 4,840 5,390
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 5 5
Swiss German 210 105 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,045 550 495 365 190 180
Yiddish 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 45 55 25 30
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,940 1,950 1,990 0 0 0 5 0 0 28,670 14,425 14,245 5,565 2,755 2,810
Afrikaans 905 445 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,150 1,555 1,595 1,230 595 640
Dutch 2,750 1,370 1,375 0 0 0 5 0 0 13,140 6,605 6,535 3,870 1,930 1,935
Low German, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,060 1,545 1,510 45 30 20
Low Saxon 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 145 120 20 15 5
Plautdietsch 180 75 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,815 4,455 4,355 295 135 165
Vlaams (Flemish) 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 120 125 100 55 45
Scandinavian languages 1,000 495 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,540 1,615 1,290 635 650
Danish 560 295 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 945 910 765 395 370
Icelandic 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 45 20 20
Norwegian 165 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 245 285 210 90 115
Swedish 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 310 370 270 125 145
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 50 30 30 20 10
Greek 1,385 640 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,430 1,385 1,520 710 805
Indo-Iranian languages 98,325 49,490 48,840 20 10 10 5 5 0 197,415 100,095 97,320 106,625 53,665 52,955
Indo-Aryan languages 85,530 43,050 42,485 15 5 5 5 5 0 176,130 89,315 86,820 93,240 46,930 46,305
Assamese 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 45 40 50 25 25
Bengali 4,350 2,175 2,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,735 3,900 3,835 4,455 2,230 2,230
Gujarati 6,290 3,245 3,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,330 7,920 7,415 6,565 3,380 3,180
Hindi 7,905 3,990 3,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,815 9,525 9,285 8,495 4,290 4,205
Kacchi 1,030 455 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 720 905 1,080 475 605
Kashmiri 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 65 60 80 40 40
Konkani 160 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 170 180 175 85 90
Marathi 980 495 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,910 970 935 995 500 495
Nepali 2,195 1,135 1,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,900 3,035 2,865 2,265 1,175 1,095
Oriya languages 95 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 100 90 95 50 40
Odia 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 55 30 25
Oriya, n.o.s. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 40 20 20
Punjabi (Panjabi) 43,685 21,975 21,710 10 10 10 0 0 0 91,070 46,205 44,870 49,105 24,690 24,420
Rohingya 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 25 10 10
Sindhi 285 150 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 685 345 340 305 160 145
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 960 475 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,700 1,380 1,325 1,030 505 525
Urdu 16,835 8,445 8,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,635 14,425 14,210 17,875 8,975 8,905
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 625 330 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 945 495 445 645 340 305
Iranian languages 12,760 6,425 6,335 5 0 0 0 0 0 21,225 10,750 10,470 13,350 6,720 6,630
Baluchi 50 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 50 30 15
Kurdish 1,055 515 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 1,035 975 1,100 540 565
Parsi 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 20 10 15
Pashto 1,960 1,000 960 5 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,505 1,460 2,020 1,035 990
Persian languages 9,625 4,835 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,065 8,115 7,955 10,100 5,080 5,020
Dari 2,800 1,400 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,005 2,490 2,515 3,045 1,520 1,525
Iranian Persian 5,565 2,800 2,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,030 4,585 4,445 5,705 2,875 2,830
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,255 635 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,035 1,040 995 1,345 685 660
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 60 30 30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 30 15 15
Italic (Romance) languages 41,550 20,105 21,450 15 5 5 10 5 5 88,045 42,845 45,205 45,970 22,265 23,700
Catalan 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 45 45 20 25
Italian 4,100 2,060 2,040 0 5 0 5 5 0 9,505 4,745 4,755 4,625 2,335 2,285
Portuguese 4,065 1,935 2,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,910 4,750 5,165 4,540 2,160 2,375
Romanian 4,155 2,045 2,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,425 3,635 3,790 4,585 2,265 2,315
Spanish 29,175 14,035 15,135 5 5 5 0 5 5 61,090 29,655 31,435 32,170 15,475 16,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20 15 10 5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40 60 25 30
Japanese 2,195 735 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,575 1,550 3,025 2,395 800 1,595
Korean 10,205 4,705 5,510 5 5 5 0 0 0 19,240 8,935 10,305 10,745 4,940 5,800
Mongolian 450 200 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 255 310 465 210 255
Niger-Congo languages 5,870 2,945 2,920 5 0 0 0 0 0 16,500 8,265 8,235 6,430 3,245 3,185
Akan (Twi) 620 315 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,660 855 800 705 360 340
Bamanankan 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 20 10 5
Edo 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 115 100 55 45
Éwé 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 125 95 50 30 20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 95 85 40 45
Ga 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 60 35 20 20
Ganda 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 160 160 60 25 30
Gikuyu 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 75 85 65 30 35
Igbo 730 380 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,380 725 650 775 400 375
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 550 585 200 95 100
Lingala 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 110 100 60 30 30
Luba-Kasai 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 30 25 5 15
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 5 5 0
Mwani 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 100 95 120 60 60
Ndebele 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 190 205 105 50 55
Rundi (Kirundi) 140 60 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 655 305 350 145 65 80
Shona 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,105 530 580 340 155 185
Soninke 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 10 5 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 50 100 40 15 30
Swahili 725 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,455 1,165 1,290 790 385 410
Wojenaka 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 5 0 0
Wolof 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 145 115 90 40 45
Yoruba 1,685 880 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,205 1,710 1,490 1,845 970 875
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 700 335 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,090 1,170 765 375 395
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,270 640 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,450 1,275 1,175 1,315 665 650
Dinka 535 295 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 575 470 555 305 250
Nuer 375 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 290 335 385 170 215
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 305 155 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 650 340 310 315 160 160
African, n.o.s. 55 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 60 30 25
Sign languages 230 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 275 145 130
American Sign Language 185 100 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 370 330 225 120 110
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 70 70 45 20 25
Sino-Tibetan languages 67,255 31,260 36,000 25 5 15 45 25 20 118,025 54,995 63,030 68,720 31,925 36,790
Chinese languages 65,980 30,640 35,335 25 5 15 45 25 20 115,870 53,935 61,940 67,430 31,300 36,130
Hakka 280 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 405 470 295 140 155
Mandarin 31,270 14,465 16,810 10 0 5 25 15 10 54,135 25,165 28,970 31,950 14,765 17,190
Min Dong 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 30 15 15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,205 515 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,400 1,040 1,360 1,235 520 710
Wu (Shanghainese) 250 125 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 215 225 260 125 130
Yue (Cantonese) 32,065 14,990 17,075 10 5 5 15 10 10 56,280 26,280 30,005 32,755 15,315 17,435
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 380 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,605 760 845 865 390 470
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 35 40 20 15
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,235 600 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 1,015 1,040 1,245 600 640
Burmese 255 120 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 205 215 265 125 140
Kuki-Chin languages 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 60 70 90 40 45
Karenic languages 220 110 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 365 355 220 110 115
S'gaw Karen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 290 290 170 85 85
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 55 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 65 55 20 30
Tibetan 635 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 335 335 635 320 325
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 35 15 20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 45 25 25
Tai-Kadai languages 1,070 390 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,040 1,110 1,935 1,240 435 800
Lao 415 195 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 460 490 460 220 245
Thai 620 175 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 620 1,390 740 205 535
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 35 15 20
Turkic languages 1,870 1,000 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,335 2,360 1,975 1,955 1,050 900
Azerbaijani 240 135 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 235 200 245 135 110
Kazakh 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 55 55 20 35
Turkish 1,340 730 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,290 1,825 1,460 1,405 770 635
Uyghur 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 60 70 65 30 35
Uzbek 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 130 110 105 60 50
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 75 75 35 40
Uralic languages 3,070 1,415 1,655 0 0 0 5 5 0 6,120 2,890 3,230 3,550 1,640 1,910
Estonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 75 90 85 40 45
Finnish 240 85 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 285 415 305 105 200
Hungarian 2,765 1,300 1,465 0 0 0 5 5 0 5,255 2,530 2,725 3,155 1,490 1,665
Other languages, n.i.e. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 85 80 70 40 35
Multiple responses 66,660 32,400 34,265 35 15 15 20 10 10 166,455 80,575 85,890 73,050 35,515 37,535
English and French 5,245 2,530 2,715 5 0 5 5 5 0 17,600 8,520 9,085 6,360 3,080 3,285
English and non-official language(s) 53,970 26,410 27,560 35 15 15 10 5 5 131,195 63,735 67,465 58,650 28,715 29,930
French and non-official language(s) 1,145 565 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,125 1,535 1,590 1,230 605 630
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,015 465 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,160 1,270 1,130 525 605
Multiple non-official languages 5,295 2,430 2,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,105 5,625 6,480 5,680 2,595 3,085
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 775 375 400 485 245 240 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 1,578,665 784,990 793,675
English 858,205 432,905 425,300 630 310 320 385 195 185 3,183,975 1,606,395 1,577,580 1,104,225 556,180 548,045
French 3,800 1,885 1,915 5 0 5 0 0 0 15,490 7,660 7,835 4,775 2,390 2,390
Non-official language 119,530 56,930 62,595 15 5 10 40 25 20 272,985 131,515 141,475 127,600 60,835 66,760
Indigenous39 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,700 1,890 1,805 55 25 30
Non-Indigenous 119,485 56,915 62,570 15 5 10 40 25 20 269,280 129,620 139,665 127,540 60,810 66,730
English and French 12,035 5,650 6,380 10 5 5 5 0 0 41,100 19,580 21,515 14,755 6,925 7,835
English and non-official language(s) 283,170 137,555 145,610 105 50 55 55 25 30 664,935 323,185 341,750 306,635 148,985 157,650
French and non-official language(s) 525 235 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 725 865 570 255 315
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,990 3,275 3,715 0 0 5 0 0 0 17,280 8,175 9,105 7,715 3,605 4,105
Multiple non-official languages 11,860 5,575 6,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,475 11,545 12,930 12,395 5,820 6,575
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 775 375 400 485 245 240 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 1,578,665 784,990 793,675
Single responses 1,226,245 609,935 616,315 735 355 380 475 240 230 4,054,960 2,027,555 2,027,400 1,503,115 748,130 754,985
Official languages 983,495 492,440 491,055 690 335 355 405 205 200 3,504,300 1,758,870 1,745,425 1,243,700 622,455 621,250
English 977,675 489,585 488,090 680 330 350 405 205 200 3,481,545 1,747,645 1,733,895 1,236,475 618,890 617,585
French 5,820 2,860 2,965 5 0 5 0 0 0 22,755 11,225 11,530 7,230 3,560 3,665
Non-official languages 242,750 117,500 125,255 50 25 25 70 30 35 550,665 268,690 281,975 259,415 125,675 133,740
Indigenous languages39 105 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,175 3,615 3,565 115 50 65
Algonquian languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,355 3,210 3,140 75 40 40
Blackfoot 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 490 475 35 20 20
Cree-Innu languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,290 2,670 2,615 30 15 15
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,290 2,670 2,615 30 15 15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 235 240 5 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 150 145 5 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,510 2,275 2,230 20 15 10
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 45 10 5 5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 10 5 5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 5 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 685 345 340 10 5 5
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 340 340 10 5 5
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 300 290 5 0 5
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 35 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Salish languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 25 5 15
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Stoney 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 45 20 5 10
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 242,650 117,455 125,195 50 25 25 70 30 35 543,490 265,075 278,415 259,295 125,620 133,675
Afro-Asiatic languages 21,960 10,980 10,975 0 0 0 10 5 0 52,375 26,290 26,085 22,515 11,260 11,260
Berber languages 45 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 80 50 30 20
Kabyle 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 45 35 20 15
Tamazight 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 5 5 5
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Chadic languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 60 45 25 10 10
Hausa 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 60 45 25 10 10
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 15 5 5
Cushitic languages 2,135 1,040 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,170 5,010 5,155 2,145 1,040 1,105
Bilen 130 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 255 240 130 65 70
Oromo 995 495 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,580 1,305 1,270 1,005 505 505
Somali 1,010 470 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,045 3,425 3,620 1,010 470 535
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Semitic languages 19,740 9,895 9,845 0 0 0 10 5 0 41,920 21,120 20,800 20,280 10,165 10,115
Amharic 2,800 1,320 1,485 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,385 2,635 2,840 1,335 1,500
Arabic 12,395 6,275 6,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,040 14,195 13,840 12,825 6,490 6,335
Aramaic languages 485 230 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 310 325 510 250 265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 250 120 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 155 160 265 130 135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 150 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 90 95 160 75 80
Aramaic, n.o.s. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 90 45 45
Harari 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 70 70 25 10 15
Hebrew 235 115 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 215 200 245 125 125
Maltese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Tigrigna 3,765 1,920 1,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,600 3,905 3,700 3,805 1,940 1,865
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 20 25 10 10
Austro-Asiatic languages 9,355 4,270 5,090 5 0 0 0 0 0 17,075 7,795 9,285 9,940 4,535 5,405
Khmer (Cambodian) 430 190 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 975 430 545 465 205 260
Vietnamese 8,840 4,030 4,810 5 0 0 0 0 0 15,945 7,280 8,670 9,395 4,280 5,110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 90 65 80 45 35
Austronesian languages 32,480 15,230 17,250 5 0 0 0 0 0 82,190 38,845 43,345 35,275 16,595 18,675
Bikol 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 100 100 85 40 40
Bisaya, n.o.s. 470 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 595 660 505 240 265
Cebuano 1,090 530 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,990 1,435 1,555 1,190 580 605
Fijian 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 10 5 0
Hiligaynon 520 250 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,290 610 680 580 280 295
Ilocano 2,135 990 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,450 2,075 2,375 2,225 1,035 1,185
Indonesian 225 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 215 220 225 115 110
Kankanaey 110 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 95 120 110 50 60
Kinaray-a 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 50 30 20
Malagasy languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 15 5 10
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 15 5 5
Malay 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 30 45 20 20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 240 120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 330 370 255 130 130
Pangasinan 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 85 95 55 30 25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 27,210 12,710 14,500 5 0 0 0 0 0 69,570 32,865 36,705 29,630 13,885 15,750
Waray-Waray 70 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 100 110 90 50 45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 245 255 205 100 110
Creole languages 325 155 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 485 525 340 160 180
Haitian Creole 115 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 140 155 115 60 60
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 10 5 5
Krio 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 20 15 10
Morisyen 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 115 115 70 35 40
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 100 70 35 35
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 45 65 40 20 25
Dravidian languages 4,160 2,085 2,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,840 5,985 5,855 4,410 2,205 2,205
Kannada 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 150 160 190 95 95
Malayalam 1,785 890 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,270 3,150 3,120 1,900 940 960
Tamil 1,395 710 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,790 1,690 1,495 760 730
Telugu 760 375 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,705 860 845 785 390 395
Tulu 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 30 15 15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 10 5 5
Georgian 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 60 75 40 30
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 112,245 55,440 56,805 20 10 10 5 5 5 265,460 131,850 133,610 122,940 60,715 62,220
Albanian 610 325 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 550 490 625 330 295
Armenian 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 115 125 140 65 75
Balto-Slavic languages 12,980 6,225 6,760 0 0 0 5 5 5 28,760 13,815 14,945 14,005 6,710 7,295
Baltic languages 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 175 170 215 110 105
Latvian 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 65 80 40 40
Lithuanian 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 105 135 70 70
Slavic languages 12,790 6,130 6,660 0 0 0 5 5 5 28,415 13,640 14,775 13,790 6,605 7,190
Belarusian 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 10 5 5
Bulgarian 360 175 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 290 305 380 180 195
Czech 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 365 400 410 190 220
Macedonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 95 90 85 40 40
Polish 2,795 1,345 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 3,230 3,575 3,015 1,450 1,560
Russian 6,055 2,880 3,170 0 0 0 5 5 5 10,885 5,205 5,680 6,450 3,065 3,385
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,860 905 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,370 2,105 2,265 2,020 980 1,035
Bosnian 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 360 395 370 180 185
Croatian 650 300 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,525 740 785 715 335 375
Serbian 895 440 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 990 1,065 925 460 465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 10 5 5
Slovak 350 165 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 285 295 405 190 215
Slovene (Slovenian) 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 50 40 20 20
Ukrainian 905 435 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,080 1,990 2,090 980 470 515
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0
Celtic languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 15 10 15
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 5 5 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 5 0 5
Welsh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 5
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 5
Germanic languages 1,535 735 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,925 20,195 20,730 3,010 1,440 1,570
Frisian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 15 10 5
High German languages 665 320 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,275 14,360 14,920 1,705 825 880
German 640 305 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,025 14,235 14,790 1,630 785 845
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 115 125 70 30 35
Yiddish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 5 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 725 345 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,310 5,675 5,630 1,120 530 590
Afrikaans 435 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,720 850 870 635 305 330
Dutch 275 125 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,520 725 800 455 210 245
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,280 1,170 1,115 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,620 2,850 2,770 10 5 5
Vlaams (Flemish) 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 25 10 15
Scandinavian languages 130 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 130 150 165 75 90
Danish 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50 50 55 25 25
Icelandic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 10 5 5
Norwegian 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 20 5 15
Swedish 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 55 75 80 30 45
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 0
Greek 430 185 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 935 430 505 480 215 265
Indo-Iranian languages 73,220 36,630 36,595 15 5 5 0 0 0 146,225 73,640 72,580 79,180 39,590 39,590
Indo-Aryan languages 64,720 32,425 32,290 10 5 5 0 0 0 132,370 66,780 65,590 70,335 35,225 35,110
Assamese 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 20 10 15
Bengali 2,905 1,420 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,085 2,505 2,580 2,975 1,455 1,520
Gujarati 4,045 2,085 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,620 5,435 5,185 4,225 2,175 2,045
Hindi 5,165 2,605 2,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,295 6,225 6,075 5,510 2,770 2,740
Kacchi 565 235 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 345 480 580 245 340
Kashmiri 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 35 40 50 25 30
Konkani 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 65 70 70 35 35
Marathi 565 285 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,145 570 570 575 285 285
Nepali 1,565 805 765 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,280 2,200 2,080 1,590 815 775
Oriya languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 35 40 20 20
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 25 15 10
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 15 5 5
Punjabi (Panjabi) 36,445 18,325 18,120 10 5 5 0 0 0 75,180 38,085 37,090 40,675 20,425 20,245
Rohingya 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 10 5 5
Sindhi 165 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 405 205 200 170 90 85
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 520 255 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 790 805 555 270 285
Urdu 12,250 6,075 6,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,080 9,990 10,085 12,930 6,420 6,510
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 340 165 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 255 265 355 175 185
Iranian languages 8,490 4,190 4,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,835 6,850 6,980 8,825 4,360 4,475
Baluchi 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15 30 15 15
Kurdish 735 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 655 660 750 360 395
Parsi 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 10 5 5
Pashto 1,215 625 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,920 960 960 1,250 635 615
Persian languages 6,470 3,185 3,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,495 5,190 5,310 6,765 3,325 3,435
Dari 1,710 830 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,990 1,435 1,560 1,880 905 970
Iranian Persian 3,900 1,930 1,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,150 3,065 3,080 3,970 1,965 2,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 860 430 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,360 690 670 910 460 455
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 30 10 15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 15 10 5
Italic (Romance) languages 23,265 11,255 12,015 5 0 0 0 0 0 47,235 23,055 24,180 25,440 12,340 13,100
Catalan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 30 15 20
Italian 945 425 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 915 1,220 1,000 450 550
Portuguese 2,220 1,090 1,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,585 2,230 2,355 2,410 1,180 1,230
Romanian 1,980 980 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,525 1,745 1,775 2,175 1,085 1,085
Spanish 18,095 8,740 9,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,925 18,135 18,790 19,825 9,605 10,215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 5 5 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 45 20 20
Japanese 1,075 455 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,195 920 1,275 1,160 495 665
Korean 7,740 3,650 4,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,510 6,915 7,590 8,130 3,835 4,295
Mongolian 305 135 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 165 200 305 135 170
Niger-Congo languages 2,045 965 1,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,470 3,055 3,415 2,170 1,030 1,140
Akan (Twi) 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 370 380 335 160 170
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 0
Edo 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 15 10 5
Éwé 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 25 15 10 5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 75 45 25 25
Ga 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 20 15 5 5
Ganda 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 50 60 15 5 10
Gikuyu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 15 5 5
Igbo 195 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 215 225 200 100 100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 255 315 80 40 45
Lingala 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 60 80 35 10 20
Luba-Kasai 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 10 0 10
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Mwani 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 25 25 10 10
Ndebele 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 65 80 45 20 25
Rundi (Kirundi) 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 160 175 55 25 30
Shona 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 180 195 105 45 55
Soninke 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 10 5 5
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 35 5 5 5
Swahili 275 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,100 505 595 295 140 155
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Wolof 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 100 80 50 25 20
Yoruba 615 290 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,175 565 610 660 315 345
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 150 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 300 375 160 70 90
Nilo-Saharan languages 700 350 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 640 625 720 360 360
Dinka 325 185 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 310 245 340 190 150
Nuer 255 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 185 220 260 115 145
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 135 145 120 60 65
African, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 5 0 5
Sign languages 380 210 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,325 765 560 450 260 190
American Sign Language 295 160 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,065 610 455 355 205 150
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 150 105 95 55 40
Sino-Tibetan languages 47,145 22,180 24,965 15 5 5 35 20 15 81,325 38,350 42,970 47,945 22,570 25,375
Chinese languages 46,220 21,715 24,505 15 5 5 35 20 15 79,775 37,570 42,200 47,025 22,110 24,915
Hakka 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 125 180 90 35 50
Mandarin 23,495 11,210 12,290 5 0 5 20 10 10 40,005 19,245 20,765 23,970 11,440 12,530
Min Dong 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 10 10 5 5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 460 185 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 405 575 465 185 280
Wu (Shanghainese) 150 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 130 140 155 75 80
Yue (Cantonese) 21,510 9,980 11,530 5 5 5 10 5 10 37,205 17,195 20,010 21,815 10,130 11,685
Chinese, n.o.s. 500 230 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 455 505 500 225 275
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 15 15 10 10
Tibeto-Burman languages 910 460 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 765 745 915 460 455
Burmese 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 125 125 160 75 85
Kuki-Chin languages 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 85 40 45
Karenic languages 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 280 280 165 80 85
S'gaw Karen 125 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 230 225 125 65 60
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 40 15 25
Tibetan 485 250 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 265 245 485 250 235
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 30 10 5 10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 10 0 5
Tai-Kadai languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,410 655 755 500 230 270
Lao 175 80 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 430 205 230 205 100 105
Thai 240 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 930 430 495 275 125 150
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 35 20 5 15
Turkic languages 1,135 580 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,405 1,285 1,185 600 580
Azerbaijani 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 115 120 120 55 60
Kazakh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 15 10 5
Turkish 910 470 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,180 1,145 1,035 935 480 455
Uyghur 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 35 15 20
Uzbek 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 65 55 50 25 25
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 20 15 10
Uralic languages 1,065 505 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,805 860 945 1,205 575 625
Estonian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 15 10 10
Finnish 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 50 50 25 25
Hungarian 1,025 490 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,675 795 880 1,135 540 590
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 35 35 25 15 10
Multiple responses 69,870 34,085 35,785 40 20 15 15 5 10 166,875 81,225 85,650 75,555 36,865 38,685
English and French 2,485 1,205 1,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,010 3,875 4,130 2,955 1,435 1,520
English and non-official language(s) 64,950 31,765 33,190 35 20 20 15 5 10 152,980 74,600 78,375 69,995 34,230 35,770
French and non-official language(s) 240 105 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 345 430 260 115 140
English, French and non-official language(s) 640 290 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,755 845 915 710 320 385
Multiple non-official languages 1,550 715 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,355 1,560 1,795 1,630 760 875
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,296,115 644,020 652,100 775 375 395 485 250 240 4,221,835 2,108,780 2,113,050 1,578,665 784,995 793,670
None 1,038,845 519,700 519,145 685 335 350 430 220 210 3,610,710 1,812,855 1,797,850 1,298,665 649,700 648,965
English 97,335 47,975 49,365 25 10 10 20 10 15 224,860 111,370 113,495 104,745 51,660 53,085
French 9,450 4,360 5,090 0 0 0 5 0 5 30,900 14,530 16,375 11,450 5,290 6,160
Non-official language 116,850 55,575 61,275 45 20 25 20 10 10 279,795 133,050 146,750 127,610 60,685 66,920
Indigenous39 600 265 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,470 4,835 5,630 635 285 350
Non-Indigenous 116,250 55,305 60,945 45 20 25 20 10 10 269,325 128,210 141,115 126,970 60,410 66,565
English and French 1,235 595 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,370 1,455 1,340 640 705
English and non-official language(s) 15,885 7,880 8,005 10 5 5 5 0 0 34,750 17,340 17,410 16,885 8,395 8,490
French and non-official language(s) 3,285 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,875 3,655 4,220 3,660 1,690 1,970
English, French and non-official language(s) 190 105 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 295 275 215 120 95
Multiple non-official languages 13,040 6,300 6,735 0 0 5 0 0 0 29,550 14,325 15,225 14,095 6,810 7,285
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 805 385 420 480 265 220 4,177,720 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,665
Official languages 1,259,370 628,960 630,410 790 380 415 470 255 215 4,113,035 2,061,660 2,051,375 1,537,720 768,345 769,380
English 1,258,480 628,565 629,915 790 380 415 470 255 215 4,109,720 2,060,230 2,049,495 1,536,650 767,865 768,785
French 86,135 39,155 46,980 60 30 30 35 15 20 260,415 119,860 140,560 103,915 47,090 56,830
Non-official languages 518,025 249,240 268,785 115 45 65 105 65 45 1,215,795 587,465 628,325 562,910 270,945 291,960
Indigenous languages39 1,600 630 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,910 15,640 17,275 1,740 685 1,050
Algonquian languages 1,045 395 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,220 13,945 15,275 1,155 440 720
Blackfoot 460 180 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,605 3,085 3,515 470 190 280
Cree-Innu languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,000 10,590 11,410 605 245 360
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,980 10,585 11,395 605 245 360
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 90 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 60 85 25 15 10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 220 65 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,265 1,840 2,425 260 80 185
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,155 1,060 1,100 40 25 10
Cree, n.o.s. 235 105 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,405 7,600 7,800 270 115 155
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 25 10 15
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 25 10 15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 480 570 125 40 85
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,020 470 555 125 40 85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 35 15 0 10
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 55 10 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 290 345 55 10 45
Ojibway, n.o.s. 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 135 185 60 20 40
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,510 1,145 1,365 235 95 135
Northern Athabaskan languages 215 85 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,490 1,140 1,350 225 90 135
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 30 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,760 840 920 30 15 20
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 165 230 10 0 10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 120 165 10 0 10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 15 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 45 80 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 35 45 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 70 100 170 70 100
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 10 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 60 120 35 10 30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 55 100 35 10 30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 15 10 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 15 10 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Michif 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 105 130 35 10 20
Salish languages 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 10 20 20 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 215 115 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 580 580 230 115 115
Assiniboine 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 55 70 15 0 15
Dakota 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 105 95 30 20 15
Stoney 170 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 455 430 175 90 90
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 40 35 20 15
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 15 0 15
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 35 65 25 10 15
Non-Indigenous languages 516,570 248,665 267,905 115 45 65 105 65 45 1,183,510 572,060 611,450 561,340 270,320 291,010
Afro-Asiatic languages 52,310 27,045 25,265 0 0 0 20 0 0 123,440 63,820 59,620 54,595 28,250 26,345
Berber languages 275 175 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 370 260 300 185 110
Kabyle 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 215 210 185 100 85
Tamazight 80 60 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 135 45 80 60 20
Berber languages, n.i.e. 25 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 40 15 30 30 10
Chadic languages 350 215 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 500 345 365 225 145
Hausa 340 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 810 470 335 360 220 145
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 30 10 0 0 0
Coptic 85 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 70 65 85 35 45
Cushitic languages 4,685 2,455 2,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,915 10,520 10,385 4,720 2,480 2,245
Bilen 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 810 415 385 235 130 105
Oromo 2,085 1,115 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,390 2,775 2,610 2,115 1,125 990
Somali 2,420 1,260 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,865 7,395 7,475 2,430 1,265 1,170
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 15 10 0
Semitic languages 48,400 24,960 23,435 0 0 0 20 0 0 105,580 54,910 50,670 50,645 26,150 24,495
Amharic 8,360 4,130 4,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,775 8,070 7,700 8,465 4,170 4,295
Arabic 33,325 17,480 15,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,760 40,430 36,335 35,250 18,505 16,750
Aramaic languages 820 480 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,125 625 495 850 490 360
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 345 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 260 205 365 215 145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 255 190 380 215 165
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 125 105 120 65 55
Harari 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 190 175 80 45 35
Hebrew 1,975 1,000 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,710 1,935 1,770 2,110 1,085 1,025
Maltese 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 50 30 20
Tigrigna 7,570 3,870 3,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,380 7,855 7,515 7,675 3,920 3,755
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 125 90 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 285 130 125 90 40
Austro-Asiatic languages 19,430 8,935 10,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,940 16,645 19,295 20,885 9,635 11,250
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,135 540 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,275 1,410 1,270 610 655
Vietnamese 18,090 8,270 9,820 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,020 15,240 17,785 19,415 8,900 10,515
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 270 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 225 165 280 160 120
Austronesian languages 70,310 31,065 39,240 30 0 25 0 0 0 181,630 80,370 101,260 76,815 33,930 42,890
Bikol 505 265 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 605 535 635 325 305
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,065 475 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,010 1,285 1,720 1,175 510 660
Cebuano 3,285 1,510 1,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,560 3,850 4,710 3,705 1,700 2,000
Fijian 90 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 165 90 50 40
Hiligaynon 1,265 525 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,750 1,590 2,160 1,455 620 835
Ilocano 6,395 2,785 3,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,710 5,825 7,885 6,615 2,860 3,755
Indonesian 1,175 545 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,410 1,045 1,355 1,290 595 695
Kankanaey 250 105 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 230 380 250 105 145
Kinaray-a 85 50 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 95 80 85 50 35
Malagasy languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 45 45 20 25
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 35 15 15
Malay 780 350 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,705 805 900 810 370 445
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,130 490 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,670 1,210 1,465 1,200 520 675
Pangasinan 460 235 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,215 560 660 550 285 260
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 66,715 29,420 37,300 30 0 25 0 0 0 172,625 76,255 96,375 72,900 32,140 40,755
Waray-Waray 390 190 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 460 550 460 225 235
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,700 770 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,045 2,295 2,750 1,975 875 1,100
Creole languages 1,915 975 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,360 2,730 2,630 2,105 1,065 1,035
Haitian Creole 540 285 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,435 765 670 625 330 300
Jamaican English Creole 135 55 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 210 275 160 70 90
Krio 125 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 260 270 125 60 65
Morisyen 355 170 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 425 430 360 175 185
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 25 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 475 275 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 670 585 480 275 205
Creole languages, n.i.e. 470 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,160 580 580 535 260 280
Dravidian languages 10,080 5,160 4,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,790 13,240 12,545 10,600 5,455 5,140
Kannada 1,075 550 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,785 915 870 1,100 560 540
Malayalam 3,775 1,935 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,090 6,195 5,890 3,955 2,035 1,920
Tamil 4,200 2,140 2,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,105 5,340 4,760 4,435 2,275 2,160
Telugu 2,335 1,220 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,040 2,575 2,465 2,440 1,295 1,145
Tulu 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 80 75 75 35 40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 50 25 15 10
Georgian 220 120 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 175 140 220 120 100
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 257,340 126,440 130,900 50 25 20 30 15 15 607,625 300,360 307,265 286,570 140,880 145,685
Albanian 1,825 990 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,130 1,730 1,405 1,865 1,015 855
Armenian 460 265 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 440 355 465 265 200
Balto-Slavic languages 34,205 16,055 18,150 0 0 0 10 0 10 88,305 41,660 46,640 37,905 17,730 20,175
Baltic languages 485 220 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 975 425 545 540 245 295
Latvian 155 65 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 130 195 170 75 95
Lithuanian 330 155 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 650 300 350 370 170 205
Slavic languages 33,920 15,935 17,985 0 0 0 10 0 10 87,775 41,425 46,350 37,610 17,610 20,005
Belarusian 85 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 120 165 100 35 65
Bulgarian 985 445 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,680 800 880 1,020 460 560
Czech 1,940 970 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,880 1,930 1,950 2,215 1,125 1,090
Macedonian 290 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 295 345 335 160 175
Polish 8,485 4,025 4,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,385 10,655 11,730 9,380 4,430 4,950
Russian 14,155 6,685 7,470 0 0 0 10 0 10 29,760 14,030 15,725 15,410 7,245 8,165
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 35 15 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 6,010 2,820 3,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,860 6,820 7,035 6,725 3,165 3,560
Bosnian 1,560 745 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,470 1,675 1,795 1,790 855 935
Croatian 3,010 1,400 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,945 3,440 3,510 3,390 1,585 1,805
Serbian 2,905 1,385 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,415 3,155 3,260 3,095 1,465 1,630
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 115 140 120 55 65
Slovak 1,295 590 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,540 1,165 1,375 1,530 715 820
Slovene (Slovenian) 280 115 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 335 440 335 130 205
Ukrainian 4,265 1,890 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,340 10,625 12,715 4,845 2,125 2,720
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 35 10 0 0
Celtic languages 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,175 565 610 495 275 220
Irish 205 125 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 260 275 235 135 100
Scottish Gaelic 85 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 100 45 55
Welsh 135 80 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 165 155 95 65
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 15 15 0
Germanic languages 21,235 10,295 10,935 20 10 10 0 0 0 107,065 53,150 53,915 27,795 13,485 14,310
Frisian 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 175 210 85 25 55
High German languages 14,220 6,860 7,360 15 0 10 0 0 0 66,405 33,105 33,300 18,325 8,925 9,400
German 13,950 6,720 7,235 10 0 0 0 0 0 65,370 32,550 32,820 17,910 8,715 9,200
Pennsylvania German 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 10 10 0
Swiss German 350 165 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 785 800 615 280 330
Yiddish 110 65 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 135 85 120 75 45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5,870 2,990 2,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,720 19,390 19,320 8,180 4,120 4,060
Afrikaans 1,785 960 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,940 3,005 2,935 2,455 1,270 1,190
Dutch 3,780 1,890 1,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,170 8,515 8,655 5,235 2,625 2,610
Low German, n.o.s. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,055 2,030 2,020 90 60 35
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 150 140 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 230 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,395 5,810 5,590 380 165 215
Vlaams (Flemish) 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 180 195 155 85 75
Scandinavian languages 1,920 895 1,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,545 2,760 2,390 1,100 1,290
Danish 940 480 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,525 1,295 1,225 1,245 635 615
Icelandic 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 45 85 60 15 40
Norwegian 380 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,235 555 680 470 185 285
Swedish 630 275 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,620 760 855 715 315 395
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 60 45 35 25 15
Greek 2,155 1,065 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,645 2,365 2,280 2,370 1,185 1,180
Indo-Iranian languages 132,795 67,155 65,640 0 0 0 10 10 0 266,095 135,440 130,660 143,590 72,720 70,870
Indo-Aryan languages 118,560 60,020 58,540 0 0 0 10 10 0 242,500 123,495 119,005 128,685 65,260 63,425
Assamese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 105 90 80 45 35
Bengali 6,005 3,015 2,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,675 5,385 5,285 6,180 3,115 3,065
Gujarati 10,800 5,485 5,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,780 12,630 12,150 11,255 5,745 5,515
Hindi 42,160 21,290 20,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,015 48,065 45,945 45,340 22,980 22,370
Kacchi 2,245 985 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,495 1,550 1,945 2,325 1,035 1,300
Kashmiri 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 160 175 210 100 110
Konkani 425 200 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 430 425 460 215 250
Marathi 2,245 1,150 1,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,030 2,080 1,950 2,295 1,185 1,110
Nepali 2,880 1,485 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,995 3,620 3,370 3,010 1,565 1,450
Oriya languages 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 115 135 105 45 55
Odia 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 35 45 15 10 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 85 90 85 40 50
Punjabi (Panjabi) 61,205 31,170 30,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 126,385 64,695 61,690 68,525 34,920 33,610
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sindhi 630 360 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,380 755 620 685 385 300
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,330 640 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,960 1,950 2,010 1,450 700 750
Urdu 29,980 15,280 14,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,540 26,420 25,125 31,710 16,195 15,515
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1,355 730 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,125 1,155 970 1,400 750 650
Iranian languages 16,480 8,290 8,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,205 13,830 13,380 17,245 8,665 8,570
Baluchi 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 60 35 70 40 30
Kurdish 1,360 690 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,510 1,335 1,180 1,425 720 705
Parsi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 10 10 0
Pashto 2,930 1,485 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,550 2,335 2,220 2,985 1,510 1,475
Persian languages 12,595 6,355 6,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,940 10,630 10,310 13,270 6,700 6,570
Dari 4,430 2,165 2,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,385 3,640 3,745 4,765 2,320 2,440
Iranian Persian 6,735 3,460 3,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,130 5,755 5,370 6,985 3,590 3,390
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,605 835 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,710 1,390 1,320 1,715 895 820
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 100 160 75 80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 185 130 165 90 75
Italic (Romance) languages 71,550 34,010 37,540 0 0 0 10 0 0 154,035 74,195 79,845 80,155 38,210 41,945
Catalan 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 75 80 110 45 65
Italian 8,730 4,240 4,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,480 9,525 9,960 9,805 4,810 4,985
Portuguese 6,170 3,070 3,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,645 7,290 7,355 6,925 3,405 3,515
Romanian 5,390 2,695 2,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 4,930 4,830 5,990 3,045 2,950
Spanish 54,235 25,520 28,715 0 0 0 10 0 0 116,070 55,430 60,640 60,770 28,640 32,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 120 75 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 270 185 145 90 50
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 145 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 135 165 170 80 90
Japanese 4,845 2,125 2,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,925 4,845 6,080 5,255 2,315 2,945
Korean 11,695 5,490 6,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,030 10,705 12,325 12,375 5,785 6,590
Mongolian 640 300 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 790 355 435 645 300 345
Niger-Congo languages 16,975 8,610 8,365 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,335 20,960 20,375 18,385 9,360 9,025
Akan (Twi) 1,270 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,555 1,805 1,755 1,400 720 680
Bamanankan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 80 55 35 20 15
Edo 310 165 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 400 335 360 190 170
Éwé 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 265 225 115 55 60
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 170 110 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 270 205 190 120 70
Ga 275 140 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 265 255 300 150 155
Ganda 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 730 350 380 115 65 50
Gikuyu 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 205 210 180 85 95
Igbo 2,800 1,465 1,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,685 2,390 2,295 3,040 1,595 1,450
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 295 140 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 1,010 945 300 140 155
Lingala 395 185 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,555 790 765 405 190 215
Luba-Kasai 75 25 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 95 110 75 25 50
Mòoré 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 50 60 15 10 0
Mwani 255 140 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 180 145 270 150 120
Ndebele 125 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 465 480 175 90 80
Rundi (Kirundi) 145 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 675 630 165 90 75
Shona 580 270 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,160 1,035 1,130 670 325 345
Soninke 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 65 55 25 10 15
Sotho-Tswana languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 140 180 120 60 55
Swahili 3,220 1,700 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,495 5,040 4,455 3,435 1,805 1,630
Wojenaka 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 85 60 35 25 10
Wolof 230 130 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 730 400 330 250 145 105
Yoruba 5,915 2,900 3,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,490 5,265 5,220 6,365 3,135 3,225
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,355 1,175 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,385 3,160 3,230 2,555 1,280 1,275
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,815 925 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,615 1,890 1,725 1,895 965 935
Dinka 815 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 850 740 860 455 405
Nuer 440 200 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 745 355 395 440 200 240
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 575 300 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,285 695 590 610 315 295
African, n.o.s. 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 240 200 190 90 95
Sign languages 1,775 630 1,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,525 2,455 4,070 2,210 785 1,430
American Sign Language 1,495 515 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,685 2,100 3,585 1,875 645 1,230
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 10 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 335 155 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 415 550 395 185 215
Sino-Tibetan languages 81,025 38,350 42,680 25 15 10 55 30 20 144,545 68,355 76,190 82,875 39,220 43,660
Chinese languages 79,265 37,475 41,795 25 15 10 55 30 20 141,465 66,830 74,635 81,080 38,330 42,750
Hakka 390 160 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,450 630 820 405 170 235
Mandarin 45,330 21,095 24,235 0 0 0 45 30 15 82,095 38,175 43,915 46,460 21,635 24,825
Min Dong 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 35 35 25 15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,295 1,000 1,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,250 1,825 2,425 2,385 1,045 1,340
Wu (Shanghainese) 335 140 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 280 335 340 140 195
Yue (Cantonese) 42,090 19,730 22,350 15 0 10 0 0 0 74,960 35,260 39,700 42,910 20,105 22,800
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 395 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,795 860 930 880 420 460
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 40 65 45 20 25
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,785 885 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,035 1,510 1,520 1,820 895 925
Burmese 495 245 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 450 520 255 265
Kuki-Chin languages 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 75 80 125 60 70
Karenic languages 365 180 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 555 545 365 180 190
S'gaw Karen 295 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 485 480 295 145 150
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 85 35 50
Tibetan 765 395 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 435 390 765 395 370
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 195 165 70 90
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 105 40 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 75 160 105 40 65
Tai-Kadai languages 1,640 680 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,335 1,770 2,565 1,900 780 1,120
Lao 595 300 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,515 755 760 685 350 330
Thai 1,160 445 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,030 1,125 1,905 1,355 505 850
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 90 130 60 25 40
Turkic languages 3,420 1,785 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,450 4,015 3,435 3,545 1,855 1,695
Azerbaijani 550 285 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 500 445 550 285 270
Kazakh 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 110 125 170 75 95
Turkish 2,530 1,425 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,830 3,285 2,540 2,625 1,470 1,155
Uyghur 110 30 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 80 120 110 30 80
Uzbek 180 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 225 210 185 80 105
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 105 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 110 140 130 65 65
Uralic languages 3,760 1,750 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,950 3,810 4,140 4,400 2,050 2,350
Estonian 125 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 105 135 165 70 95
Finnish 360 170 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,020 480 540 435 210 230
Hungarian 3,290 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,700 3,235 3,465 3,810 1,780 2,030
Other languages, n.i.e. 485 275 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 630 505 525 295 235
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 800 385 420 485 260 220 4,177,715 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,665
Indigenous identity45 41,350 19,270 22,085 25 15 10 15 0 10 284,470 137,665 146,800 53,700 25,250 28,450
Single Indigenous responses46 39,720 18,515 21,210 25 15 10 15 0 10 276,060 133,625 142,435 51,520 24,220 27,300
First Nations (North American Indian) 18,440 8,300 10,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,640 70,360 75,285 22,470 10,235 12,230
Métis 20,855 9,990 10,865 25 15 10 0 0 0 127,470 61,780 65,690 28,475 13,685 14,790
Inuk (Inuit) 430 220 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,945 1,480 1,465 575 290 280
Multiple Indigenous responses47 865 385 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,785 2,435 2,350 1,130 525 610
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 765 365 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,620 1,610 2,010 1,050 505 540
Non-Indigenous identity 1,250,420 622,865 627,555 780 370 415 465 260 210 3,893,245 1,950,565 1,942,685 1,518,235 757,015 761,220
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 800 385 420 485 260 220 4,177,715 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,665
Registered or Treaty Indian49 14,405 6,575 7,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 126,530 61,050 65,485 17,145 7,900 9,240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,277,370 635,560 641,810 800 385 420 485 260 220 4,051,185 2,027,185 2,024,000 1,554,790 774,360 780,425
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Owner 345,690 ... ... 245 ... ... 170 ... ... 1,157,495 ... ... 431,680 ... ...
Renter 156,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 465,220 ... ... 172,945 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,505 ... ... 0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Condominium 124,190 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 294,875 ... ... 138,505 ... ...
Not condominium 378,115 ... ... 255 ... ... 175 ... ... 1,338,345 ... ... 466,125 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
No bedrooms 2,920 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 9,160 ... ... 3,180 ... ...
1 bedroom 59,385 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 158,300 ... ... 63,480 ... ...
2 bedrooms 116,625 ... ... 15 ... ... 0 ... ... 350,400 ... ... 132,670 ... ...
3 bedrooms 167,895 ... ... 65 ... ... 70 ... ... 566,750 ... ... 208,570 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 155,480 ... ... 175 ... ... 110 ... ... 548,610 ... ... 196,735 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 153,485 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 427,120 ... ... 168,320 ... ...
5 rooms 78,585 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 258,680 ... ... 92,700 ... ...
6 rooms 69,385 ... ... 35 ... ... 15 ... ... 235,145 ... ... 85,005 ... ...
7 rooms 59,530 ... ... 35 ... ... 10 ... ... 206,130 ... ... 74,790 ... ...
8 or more rooms 141,320 ... ... 175 ... ... 130 ... ... 506,150 ... ... 183,815 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.1 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 8.8 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 486,420 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,589,600 ... ... 587,240 ... ...
More than one person per room 15,885 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 43,620 ... ... 17,390 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Suitable 476,790 ... ... 240 ... ... 175 ... ... 1,556,960 ... ... 576,220 ... ...
Not suitable 25,515 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 76,260 ... ... 28,410 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
1960 or before 43,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 168,925 ... ... 48,925 ... ...
1961 to 1980 133,035 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 428,655 ... ... 146,775 ... ...
1981 to 1990 59,780 ... ... 15 ... ... 150 ... ... 188,550 ... ... 67,920 ... ...
1991 to 2000 75,685 ... ... 220 ... ... 10 ... ... 224,315 ... ... 93,515 ... ...
2001 to 2005 50,390 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 152,840 ... ... 63,060 ... ...
2006 to 2010 47,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 168,905 ... ... 64,550 ... ...
2011 to 2015 45,850 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 161,095 ... ... 62,005 ... ...
2016 to 202157 46,045 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 139,935 ... ... 57,870 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 479,525 ... ... 245 ... ... 175 ... ... 1,543,795 ... ... 578,295 ... ...
Major repairs needed 22,780 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 89,420 ... ... 26,340 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
One-maintainer household 242,815 ... ... 65 ... ... 70 ... ... 802,915 ... ... 286,505 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 228,860 ... ... 165 ... ... 105 ... ... 745,175 ... ... 282,890 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,630 ... ... 25 ... ... 0 ... ... 85,130 ... ... 35,230 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
15 to 24 years 13,825 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 51,475 ... ... 15,275 ... ...
25 to 34 years 83,280 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 260,820 ... ... 95,360 ... ...
35 to 44 years 110,705 ... ... 25 ... ... 50 ... ... 341,390 ... ... 132,875 ... ...
45 to 54 years 100,130 ... ... 60 ... ... 25 ... ... 304,080 ... ... 121,200 ... ...
55 to 64 years 93,305 ... ... 90 ... ... 35 ... ... 311,335 ... ... 114,325 ... ...
65 to 74 years 62,865 ... ... 65 ... ... 55 ... ... 222,825 ... ... 78,705 ... ...
75 to 84 years 27,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 105,505 ... ... 34,680 ... ...
85 years and over 10,340 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 35,775 ... ... 12,200 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 499,855 ... ... 250 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,588,960 ... ... 599,605 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 385,380 ... ... 235 ... ... 165 ... ... 1,251,370 ... ... 466,085 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 114,470 ... ... 20 ... ... 0 ... ... 337,585 ... ... 133,520 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 102,665 ... ... 20 ... ... 0 ... ... 306,355 ... ... 119,800 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 502,305 ... ... 255 ... ... 180 ... ... 1,633,220 ... ... 604,630 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 150,520 ... ... 45 ... ... 20 ... ... 463,775 ... ... 174,520 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 103,650 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 304,300 ... ... 121,340 ... ...
Not suitable only 19,875 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 58,970 ... ... 22,225 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 14,995 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 61,750 ... ... 17,480 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 4,215 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 11,080 ... ... 4,610 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 6,360 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 21,460 ... ... 7,285 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,170 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 5,470 ... ... 1,295 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 740 ... ... 280 ... ...
Acceptable housing 351,785 ... ... 215 ... ... 160 ... ... 1,169,450 ... ... 430,110 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 488,040 ... ... 250 ... ... 170 ... ... 1,557,725 ... ... 585,885 ... ...
In core need 49,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 154,230 ... ... 55,440 ... ...
Not in core need 438,185 ... ... 235 ... ... 170 ... ... 1,403,495 ... ... 530,445 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 345,680 ... ... 250 ... ... 165 ... ... 1,131,995 ... ... 429,490 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 65.2 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 42.4 ... ... 64.2 ... ... 65.7 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 17.7 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 16.0 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 5.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 5.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,720 ... ... 1,590 ... ... 820 ... ... 1,600 ... ... 1,740 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,774 ... ... 1,680 ... ... 1,440 ... ... 1,678 ... ... 1,792 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 456,000 ... ... 552,000 ... ... 584,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 452,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 519,500 ... ... 552,000 ... ... 596,000 ... ... 448,800 ... ... 529,500 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 156,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 463,570 ... ... 172,840 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 9.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 9.1 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 34.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34.0 ... ... 34.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 20.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20.7 ... ... 20.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... 1,280 ... ... 1,350 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,404 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... 1,332 ... ... 1,414 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,505 ... ... 0 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.5 ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 302 ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 350 ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 800 380 415 480 260 220 4,177,715 2,088,230 2,089,480 1,571,935 782,270 789,670
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 14,495 6,615 7,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,650 66,545 69,110 17,860 8,295 9,570
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 14,125 6,430 7,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 131,200 64,375 66,820 17,385 8,070 9,315
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 10,035 4,560 5,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 101,455 49,465 51,990 11,610 5,320 6,285
Métis single ancestry 3,975 1,790 2,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,695 14,340 14,355 5,625 2,660 2,960
Inuit single ancestry 115 75 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 570 480 155 85 65
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 370 190 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,455 2,175 2,285 480 225 255
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 355 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,090 1,985 2,100 460 210 250
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 75 90 0 0 0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 70 20 20 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 34,850 16,545 18,305 25 20 10 0 0 0 187,365 90,475 96,890 47,230 22,330 24,905
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 33,825 16,090 17,740 25 20 10 0 0 0 180,640 87,270 93,375 45,875 21,725 24,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 19,015 9,015 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,335 49,695 52,640 25,470 12,020 13,445
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 14,490 6,925 7,565 25 10 10 0 0 0 76,055 36,420 39,640 19,960 9,480 10,475
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 320 145 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,255 1,155 1,095 450 230 225
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 1,030 460 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,720 3,210 3,515 1,355 600 760
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 935 420 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,150 2,915 3,235 1,230 550 680
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 60 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 140 175 60 20 35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 130 70 50 30 25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 15 40 15 0 15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,242,425 618,970 623,455 770 360 410 470 260 210 3,854,695 1,931,210 1,923,485 1,506,840 751,645 755,195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 805 385 420 480 265 220 4,177,720 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,670
Canadian citizens77 1,131,540 565,050 566,495 780 375 400 455 250 210 3,792,705 1,903,020 1,889,685 1,397,315 698,330 698,985
Canadian citizens aged under 18 257,900 132,670 125,230 145 55 90 85 50 30 900,670 463,925 436,745 325,765 167,940 157,820
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 873,645 432,380 441,265 635 320 310 365 190 175 2,892,035 1,439,095 1,452,945 1,071,555 530,390 541,165
Not Canadian citizens78 160,225 77,085 83,140 25 10 20 25 15 10 385,010 185,215 199,795 174,615 83,940 90,680
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 805 385 420 480 265 220 4,177,720 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,670
Non-immigrants80 834,100 420,985 413,120 655 335 325 325 185 145 3,141,915 1,585,765 1,556,150 1,069,940 539,680 530,260
Immigrants81 430,640 207,060 223,575 140 50 90 150 75 75 970,970 468,250 502,725 473,580 227,640 245,935
Before 1980 48,430 23,310 25,115 40 10 30 40 25 15 127,275 62,275 65,005 56,750 27,435 29,320
1980 to 1990 40,330 19,730 20,600 50 25 25 25 10 10 91,320 44,550 46,770 44,975 21,950 23,020
1991 to 2000 61,465 29,575 31,890 25 10 20 20 0 15 126,605 60,125 66,480 67,220 32,280 34,935
2001 to 2010 117,055 56,175 60,875 15 10 10 50 25 25 239,260 115,815 123,445 127,170 61,140 66,030
2011 to 202182 163,365 78,275 85,095 10 0 10 20 10 10 386,510 185,485 201,025 177,465 84,835 92,630
2011 to 2015 82,050 39,320 42,735 0 0 0 15 10 10 193,335 93,675 99,665 89,810 43,015 46,795
2016 to 2021 81,315 38,960 42,360 10 0 10 0 0 0 193,175 91,810 101,360 87,650 41,815 45,835
Non-permanent residents83 27,025 14,085 12,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,830 34,215 30,610 28,410 14,945 13,470
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 430,640 207,065 223,575 140 50 90 150 75 75 970,975 468,250 502,725 473,580 227,640 245,935
Under 5 years 37,050 18,960 18,090 20 15 10 10 0 10 85,135 43,645 41,485 41,205 20,985 20,220
5 to 14 years 71,460 37,200 34,265 10 0 10 30 10 25 169,075 87,630 81,440 79,795 41,370 38,425
15 to 24 years 74,550 34,020 40,525 20 0 15 20 15 10 175,855 81,330 94,525 82,830 37,905 44,930
25 to 44 years 204,525 97,045 107,480 75 25 50 75 40 30 450,070 213,555 236,510 223,080 105,885 117,190
45 years and over 43,060 19,840 23,220 15 0 10 10 0 10 90,845 42,090 48,760 46,670 21,495 25,170
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 430,640 207,065 223,575 140 50 90 150 75 75 970,975 468,250 502,725 473,580 227,640 245,935
Americas 44,125 20,585 23,540 10 10 0 10 0 10 110,855 51,790 59,065 50,280 23,315 26,970
Brazil 2,010 890 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,800 1,590 2,210 2,205 965 1,245
Colombia 5,865 2,710 3,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,385 4,855 5,535 6,240 2,860 3,380
El Salvador 2,425 1,135 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,940 3,340 3,600 2,755 1,300 1,455
Guyana 740 340 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,375 1,175 1,205 810 375 430
Haiti 510 295 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,370 745 625 565 320 250
Jamaica 3,135 1,475 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,695 4,160 4,530 3,605 1,735 1,870
Mexico 4,895 2,410 2,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,990 8,935 9,055 5,740 2,810 2,930
Peru 1,070 470 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 825 1,075 1,140 515 625
Trinidad and Tobago 1,315 620 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,360 1,560 1,800 1,470 720 750
United States of America 10,895 4,960 5,935 10 10 0 10 0 0 30,540 13,490 17,050 13,395 5,940 7,455
Other places of birth in Americas 11,260 5,275 5,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,500 11,110 12,395 12,355 5,775 6,585
Europe 68,740 34,275 34,465 45 15 35 35 20 20 180,590 90,195 90,395 83,855 41,815 42,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,000 960 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,335 2,155 2,185 2,225 1,075 1,145
Croatia 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,405 1,710 1,700 1,510 705 800
France 1,265 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,330 1,390 1,455 735 720
Germany 4,685 2,155 2,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,635 8,000 8,635 6,175 2,815 3,355
Greece 865 455 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,895 1,035 855 955 505 450
Hungary 1,550 740 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,080 1,505 1,580 1,780 865 915
Italy 3,075 1,590 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,990 3,605 3,380 3,430 1,805 1,625
Netherlands 2,620 1,375 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,730 6,680 6,050 3,730 1,920 1,805
Poland 5,890 2,750 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,595 7,280 8,315 6,520 3,025 3,495
Portugal 990 505 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,730 1,895 1,835 1,180 610 575
Romania 4,025 2,030 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,190 3,585 3,605 4,435 2,225 2,210
Russian Federation 4,210 1,785 2,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,470 3,205 4,260 4,540 1,930 2,610
Serbia86 980 460 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,220 1,075 1,145 1,060 505 560
Ukraine 3,035 1,385 1,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,915 4,050 4,870 3,355 1,510 1,845
United Kingdom87 20,420 10,815 9,600 20 0 20 20 10 10 56,675 29,555 27,125 27,675 14,575 13,095
Other places of birth in Europe 11,795 6,010 5,780 15 0 0 10 0 0 26,990 13,535 13,460 13,840 7,005 6,835
Africa 51,610 26,045 25,560 0 0 0 25 15 10 119,295 60,715 58,580 55,355 27,975 27,385
Algeria 630 310 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 665 560 650 320 330
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 855 425 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,215 1,640 1,575 905 445 455
Egypt 3,320 1,745 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,760 3,660 3,095 3,500 1,840 1,665
Eritrea 4,720 2,465 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,720 5,230 4,495 4,785 2,505 2,280
Ethiopia 7,090 3,435 3,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,420 7,085 7,340 7,180 3,485 3,700
Morocco 870 445 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,130 1,100 1,035 950 485 460
Nigeria 12,450 6,340 6,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,065 10,925 10,145 13,365 6,835 6,530
Somalia 1,580 775 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,545 4,260 4,285 1,595 780 815
South Africa, Republic of 3,095 1,620 1,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,960 4,430 4,535 4,010 2,070 1,940
Other places of birth in Africa 17,005 8,480 8,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,250 21,720 21,530 18,410 9,205 9,210
Asia 262,700 124,535 138,160 80 30 50 65 35 30 549,965 260,520 289,440 279,930 132,545 147,390
Afghanistan 3,980 1,970 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,585 3,235 3,350 4,275 2,115 2,160
Iran88 5,515 2,865 2,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,865 4,625 4,245 5,720 2,990 2,730
Iraq 3,935 1,990 1,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,220 3,225 2,990 4,070 2,070 2,000
Lebanon 4,095 2,205 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,960 5,375 4,585 4,455 2,410 2,050
Syria89 4,340 2,280 2,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,975 5,310 4,665 4,455 2,320 2,130
Turkey 1,085 540 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,830 1,575 1,260 1,105 545 555
China90 36,245 16,615 19,625 0 0 0 40 25 10 61,390 27,935 33,455 36,925 16,915 20,015
Hong Kong91 10,775 5,180 5,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,725 9,090 9,630 10,965 5,240 5,725
Korea, South92 8,215 3,835 4,375 10 0 10 0 0 0 16,180 7,545 8,635 8,690 4,045 4,645
Taiwan 2,110 885 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,395 1,415 1,980 2,210 935 1,270
Philippines 65,430 29,000 36,430 25 0 20 0 0 0 167,735 74,205 93,530 71,315 31,605 39,715
Viet Nam 15,395 6,875 8,525 20 10 10 0 0 0 27,880 12,700 15,180 16,350 7,325 9,030
Bangladesh 3,510 1,785 1,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,035 3,080 2,960 3,630 1,845 1,785
India 56,510 28,275 28,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 122,150 61,405 60,740 61,580 30,730 30,850
Pakistan 18,375 9,305 9,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,810 15,690 15,120 19,425 9,810 9,615
Sri Lanka 1,820 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,930 2,490 2,445 2,035 1,005 1,025
Other places of birth in Asia 21,375 10,040 11,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,305 21,615 24,690 22,735 10,640 12,090
Oceania and other places of birth93 3,470 1,630 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,275 5,030 5,240 4,150 2,000 2,150
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 81,315 38,960 42,360 10 0 10 0 0 0 193,170 91,815 101,360 87,650 41,815 45,830
Americas 7,550 3,475 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,300 8,985 10,320 8,535 3,935 4,595
Brazil 840 355 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,365 555 810 915 390 525
Colombia 615 245 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 535 775 670 265 410
Haiti 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 135 85 110 60 45
Jamaica 475 215 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,130 985 1,145 555 260 295
Mexico 1,265 645 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,165 2,140 2,025 1,470 760 715
United States of America 2,130 1,000 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 2,460 2,715 2,490 1,160 1,330
Venezuela95 885 390 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 525 695 915 400 515
Other places of birth in Americas 1,245 570 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,715 1,645 2,070 1,415 645 770
Europe 6,505 3,340 3,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,750 7,955 7,795 7,510 3,815 3,695
France 200 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 405 200 200 245 115 130
Germany 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 310 445 280 130 150
Ireland96 470 315 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,060 640 425 495 320 170
Italy 260 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 285 180 290 175 115
Russian Federation 635 235 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 395 695 690 245 445
Ukraine 680 295 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,045 920 1,125 760 340 425
United Kingdom87 1,420 805 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,800 2,170 1,630 1,820 1,000 825
Other places of birth in Europe 2,615 1,330 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,135 3,045 3,090 2,930 1,485 1,445
Africa 15,065 7,475 7,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,320 16,870 17,450 15,820 7,845 7,980
Algeria 60 15 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 50 105 60 15 50
Burundi 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 220 230 40 15 25
Cameroon 380 170 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 385 520 430 190 235
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 155 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 450 465 160 85 80
Côte d'Ivoire 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 55 30 20
Egypt 595 300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,190 595 595 615 300 310
Eritrea 2,525 1,325 1,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,120 2,665 2,450 2,545 1,340 1,205
Ethiopia 1,845 880 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,960 1,865 2,100 1,855 885 965
Morocco 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 215 290 230 105 125
Nigeria 5,885 2,895 2,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,840 4,950 4,890 6,175 3,045 3,130
Somalia 310 140 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,960 970 985 310 140 170
South Africa, Republic of 650 360 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 1,025 930 830 440 385
Sudan97 445 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 530 605 460 220 235
Tunisia 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 150 105 95 65 30
Other places of birth in Africa 1,815 895 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,725 2,680 3,040 1,965 970 1,000
Asia 51,570 24,320 27,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 122,360 57,210 65,145 55,100 25,850 29,250
Afghanistan 845 405 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,350 655 700 865 415 455
Bangladesh 630 310 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 540 590 640 315 325
China90 5,520 2,410 3,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,495 4,095 5,400 5,625 2,440 3,180
Hong Kong91 310 120 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 730 330 395 315 120 195
India 14,070 7,095 6,970 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,815 16,070 15,745 14,870 7,455 7,420
Iran88 865 415 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,420 665 750 870 415 450
Iraq 945 440 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 625 680 955 450 510
Israel 340 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 365 295 345 195 155
Japan 170 25 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 50 285 170 25 150
Jordan 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 235 220 165 90 70
Korea, South92 1,740 740 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,425 1,440 1,990 1,825 780 1,050
Lebanon 425 215 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 955 455 500 455 220 235
Nepal 460 235 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,365 670 695 550 280 265
Pakistan 2,315 1,130 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,085 1,950 2,130 2,395 1,145 1,245
Philippines 15,485 7,055 8,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,605 21,395 26,215 17,470 7,940 9,535
Saudi Arabia 265 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 690 360 325 270 160 105
Sri Lanka 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 370 365 185 100 85
Syria89 3,070 1,630 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,295 3,900 3,400 3,135 1,645 1,490
Turkey 405 175 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 405 440 405 175 225
United Arab Emirates 360 200 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 690 375 315 370 205 170
Viet Nam 955 310 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,760 580 1,180 980 320 660
Other places of birth in Asia 2,090 885 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,205 1,670 2,540 2,240 955 1,290
Oceania and other93 620 345 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,445 785 655 690 375 310
Australia 435 230 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 940 510 430 480 255 230
Other places of birth98 185 115 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 280 220 205 125 85
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 800 385 420 485 260 220 4,177,715 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,665
First generation100 471,470 228,280 243,195 165 50 115 160 80 80 1,074,140 522,255 551,885 518,345 251,010 267,335
Second generation101 281,465 142,090 139,380 145 70 75 105 70 45 777,505 391,285 386,215 329,675 166,505 163,165
Third generation or more102 538,830 271,765 267,065 495 265 230 210 115 100 2,326,075 1,174,690 1,151,385 723,920 364,750 359,170
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 382,215 183,750 198,460 100 40 60 115 50 60 843,700 405,975 437,720 416,830 200,210 216,615
Economic immigrants104 215,420 108,005 107,410 50 25 20 75 40 35 471,325 236,805 234,520 235,880 118,150 117,730
Principal applicants105 88,050 52,955 35,090 35 20 15 30 15 10 192,785 116,035 76,755 95,815 58,035 37,780
Secondary applicants106 127,375 55,055 72,315 20 0 10 50 25 25 278,535 120,765 157,765 140,065 60,120 79,950
Immigrants sponsored by family107 107,140 43,925 63,210 35 10 25 30 0 25 240,090 98,410 141,680 117,720 48,395 69,330
Refugees108 55,735 29,885 25,845 20 10 10 0 0 0 123,970 66,715 57,255 58,995 31,595 27,395
Other immigrants109 3,920 1,925 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,315 4,050 4,265 4,230 2,070 2,165
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 382,215 183,750 198,460 100 40 60 115 50 60 843,700 405,975 437,720 416,830 200,210 216,615
Asylum claim before admission111 13,615 7,955 5,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,815 17,215 12,595 14,765 8,620 6,145
Work permits only before admission112 46,635 20,170 26,460 20 0 10 10 0 0 126,640 57,515 69,125 53,180 23,440 29,750
Study permits only before admission113 9,450 4,855 4,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,340 12,430 11,910 10,665 5,460 5,205
Work and study permits before admission114 22,045 11,495 10,545 10 0 10 0 0 0 47,540 25,735 21,805 23,590 12,265 11,320
Other permits before admission115 1,375 605 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,740 1,430 2,305 1,565 670 895
No pre-admission experience116 289,095 138,665 150,425 75 35 40 95 40 50 611,625 291,650 319,975 313,060 149,760 163,300
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 800 385 420 485 260 220 4,177,715 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,665
Total visible minority population118 534,695 262,355 272,340 155 55 100 170 100 65 1,161,420 571,535 589,885 575,650 282,735 292,910
South Asian 141,660 71,810 69,845 0 0 0 15 10 0 297,650 152,030 145,620 154,385 78,430 75,955
Chinese 91,410 44,315 47,095 45 10 35 75 45 30 164,235 79,520 84,710 93,975 45,570 48,410
Black 70,680 35,655 35,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 177,940 90,375 87,570 76,470 38,665 37,800
Filipino 84,215 38,660 45,550 45 15 30 0 0 0 216,710 99,540 117,170 92,235 42,365 49,880
Arab 30,735 16,175 14,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,505 36,555 32,955 32,660 17,235 15,425
Latin American 31,855 15,340 16,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,520 32,115 34,405 35,155 16,925 18,235
Southeast Asian 26,395 12,300 14,095 25 15 10 0 0 0 54,005 25,215 28,790 28,720 13,405 15,310
West Asian 15,150 7,705 7,440 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,075 12,835 12,240 15,765 8,040 7,720
Korean 12,380 5,945 6,430 10 0 10 0 0 0 24,365 11,600 12,770 13,150 6,285 6,865
Japanese 5,825 2,530 3,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,560 6,135 7,425 6,455 2,780 3,675
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,445 2,710 2,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,100 5,985 6,120 5,845 2,855 2,985
Multiple visible minorities 18,955 9,210 9,745 0 0 0 35 15 25 39,745 19,625 20,120 20,840 10,195 10,645
Not a visible minority120 757,075 379,775 377,295 645 330 315 310 160 150 3,016,295 1,516,700 1,499,605 996,285 499,530 496,755
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 805 385 420 480 265 215 4,177,720 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,670
Canadian 125,490 65,430 60,065 100 50 50 75 40 30 484,655 251,795 232,860 168,075 87,325 80,750
English 205,980 102,400 103,575 190 80 110 150 70 75 766,070 376,940 389,130 276,300 136,835 139,465
Irish 153,865 74,665 79,195 75 20 55 85 40 45 561,915 270,440 291,470 202,260 98,040 104,225
Scottish 177,490 87,675 89,815 150 65 80 50 15 35 631,015 309,855 321,160 235,385 115,820 119,575
French, n.o.s.122 79,635 39,135 40,500 80 45 35 60 20 35 340,900 167,270 173,635 104,160 50,935 53,225
German 146,970 72,775 74,190 185 110 75 45 20 25 641,025 317,325 323,705 197,770 97,860 99,910
Chinese 96,180 46,325 49,860 55 20 35 40 30 10 177,990 85,545 92,440 99,705 48,045 51,650
Italian 36,235 18,060 18,175 30 0 30 15 10 0 98,730 49,855 48,875 44,840 22,330 22,510
Indian (India) 71,115 35,960 35,155 0 0 0 20 15 10 155,700 79,060 76,640 77,900 39,545 38,355
Ukrainian 69,030 33,640 35,390 115 55 60 25 20 10 343,640 169,070 174,575 89,615 43,675 45,940
Dutch 38,505 19,070 19,430 10 0 10 10 0 0 174,625 87,015 87,610 53,665 26,510 27,155
Polish 42,735 20,560 22,175 25 0 20 20 0 15 169,925 82,005 87,915 53,675 25,885 27,790
Québécois 1,580 785 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,380 2,810 2,570 1,965 990 970
British Isles, n.o.s.123 41,520 20,955 20,570 35 10 30 0 0 0 124,835 63,065 61,770 53,825 27,135 26,690
Filipino 79,200 36,580 42,625 50 15 30 0 0 0 203,955 94,020 109,935 86,850 40,140 46,710
French Canadian 9,130 4,545 4,590 35 20 15 0 0 0 32,365 15,655 16,710 11,575 5,740 5,835
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 20,860 10,850 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,475 37,700 35,780 26,685 13,810 12,875
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 12,415 5,805 6,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,355 35,940 37,415 15,785 7,425 8,360
Métis 19,805 9,345 10,460 25 15 10 0 0 0 115,455 55,915 59,535 27,350 12,945 14,410
European, n.o.s.126 22,790 11,410 11,380 40 15 20 0 0 0 70,790 36,360 34,425 28,815 14,565 14,250
Russian 28,470 13,255 15,215 0 0 0 20 15 0 97,890 46,455 51,435 36,090 16,840 19,255
Norwegian 32,675 15,535 17,140 75 40 30 10 10 0 154,535 74,455 80,085 44,865 21,320 23,545
Welsh 21,030 9,965 11,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,810 36,840 39,970 27,905 13,365 14,540
Portuguese 6,770 3,400 3,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,415 10,745 10,680 8,110 4,060 4,045
American 18,030 8,720 9,310 0 0 0 10 0 10 66,100 32,535 33,560 23,975 11,565 12,415
Spanish 17,085 7,820 9,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,165 18,395 21,770 19,620 9,075 10,545
Swedish 20,940 10,255 10,685 10 0 0 0 0 0 92,975 43,950 49,025 28,290 13,540 14,750
Hungarian 16,335 7,965 8,375 0 0 0 15 0 0 51,360 25,175 26,185 20,785 10,045 10,740
Acadian 2,935 1,520 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,110 5,175 4,935 3,780 1,900 1,885
Pakistani 22,800 11,565 11,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,535 20,140 19,390 24,175 12,270 11,905
African, n.o.s.127 13,470 6,635 6,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,225 17,015 17,210 15,105 7,435 7,670
Jewish 6,595 3,345 3,250 0 0 0 25 15 10 14,405 7,195 7,210 7,450 3,730 3,715
Punjabi 18,050 9,135 8,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,585 19,270 18,315 20,085 10,145 9,940
Vietnamese 21,145 9,890 11,255 25 15 15 0 0 0 39,395 18,815 20,580 22,750 10,685 12,065
Arab, n.o.s.128 10,585 5,620 4,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,860 12,675 11,185 11,200 5,995 5,205
Greek 5,540 2,865 2,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,980 7,290 6,690 6,530 3,370 3,160
Jamaican 5,860 2,915 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,620 7,845 7,775 6,875 3,435 3,435
Asian, n.o.s.129 14,510 6,955 7,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,255 15,030 16,225 15,680 7,485 8,200
Cree, n.o.s.130 5,915 2,675 3,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,465 30,145 32,315 7,710 3,385 4,325
Korean 12,445 5,920 6,525 15 0 10 0 0 0 24,170 11,505 12,660 13,215 6,260 6,955
Romanian 10,540 4,990 5,545 15 0 10 0 0 0 31,530 14,880 16,650 12,805 6,050 6,760
Lebanese 11,360 5,955 5,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,480 14,600 13,880 12,885 6,725 6,160
Iranian 6,105 3,130 2,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,550 5,380 5,165 6,415 3,295 3,120
Christian, n.i.e.131 4,815 2,325 2,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,380 7,135 7,240 5,800 2,855 2,945
Danish 14,575 7,305 7,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,190 27,550 28,640 19,915 9,935 9,980
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 4,225 2,020 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,435 12,745 13,695 5,325 2,530 2,795
Sikh 14,120 7,270 6,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,860 15,005 13,855 16,100 8,300 7,800
Austrian 10,255 5,080 5,175 0 0 0 10 0 10 36,220 17,895 18,325 13,225 6,465 6,765
Belgian 5,295 2,545 2,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,985 10,715 11,270 7,255 3,475 3,780
Haitian 930 475 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,460 1,255 1,200 1,120 570 555
Hindu 8,550 4,305 4,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,535 10,485 10,050 9,050 4,560 4,490
Mexican 7,685 3,755 3,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,450 12,870 12,580 9,145 4,490 4,655
Mennonite 3,750 1,840 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,565 15,825 15,740 5,145 2,565 2,580
Swiss 5,765 2,795 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,450 11,045 11,405 8,075 3,960 4,115
Finnish 5,250 2,540 2,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,705 9,040 9,665 6,840 3,325 3,515
Sri Lankan 1,865 925 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,140 2,600 2,540 2,095 1,040 1,050
Croatian 5,170 2,540 2,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,720 6,830 6,890 6,125 3,000 3,125
Japanese 7,785 3,465 4,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,605 8,565 10,040 8,860 3,910 4,950
South Asian, n.o.s.133 4,655 2,305 2,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,945 4,525 4,420 5,040 2,520 2,525
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,305 4,030 4,275 1,845 905 945
Northern European, n.o.s.135 6,340 3,050 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,800 13,080 12,720 8,605 4,150 4,455
Muslim 6,060 3,145 2,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,420 6,350 6,065 6,465 3,345 3,120
Egyptian 4,610 2,475 2,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,585 5,080 4,505 4,945 2,630 2,310
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 5,960 2,910 3,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,105 5,985 6,125 6,575 3,255 3,320
Tamil 1,370 710 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,160 1,645 1,515 1,450 760 690
Icelandic 6,025 3,195 2,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,720 9,865 9,850 7,935 4,120 3,825
Colombian 6,420 3,075 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,115 5,380 5,735 6,755 3,225 3,535
Moroccan 880 425 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,620 1,375 1,250 975 470 505
Czech 6,295 3,085 3,215 40 30 10 0 0 0 19,730 9,465 10,260 7,875 3,870 4,010
Syrian 4,215 2,150 2,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,520 4,880 4,645 4,405 2,245 2,160
Guyanese 1,210 595 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,370 1,715 1,655 1,350 665 680
Afghan 6,465 3,170 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,380 5,155 5,225 6,890 3,395 3,495
Black, n.o.s.137 2,530 1,325 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,880 3,570 3,310 2,735 1,435 1,305
Serbian 3,125 1,485 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,410 3,655 3,760 3,345 1,585 1,760
Ojibway 1,165 595 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,680 2,280 2,395 1,440 725 715
Newfoundlander 1,500 795 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,615 4,495 4,125 2,060 1,090 965
Hong Konger 3,940 1,925 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,715 3,340 3,375 4,025 1,955 2,070
Ontarian 1,030 470 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,505 1,655 1,420 635 785
Persian 2,700 1,440 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,640 2,425 2,215 2,845 1,525 1,320
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 1,495 745 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,595 2,300 2,295 1,805 900 910
Turkish 2,610 1,435 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670 3,725 2,945 2,760 1,525 1,235
Inuit, n.o.s.138 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,935 2,065 1,870 725 370 355
Bangladeshi 3,570 1,810 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,525 3,435 3,090 3,675 1,870 1,800
Algerian 645 320 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,300 680 620 665 335 330
Brazilian 2,555 1,260 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,000 2,340 2,655 2,835 1,375 1,460
Nigerian 8,120 4,145 3,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,600 7,585 7,015 8,720 4,460 4,265
Armenian 925 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,870 930 940 1,030 535 495
Slovak 3,520 1,750 1,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,525 5,200 5,320 4,430 2,200 2,225
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,620 1,220 1,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,430 3,470 3,965 3,085 1,440 1,645
Somali 2,830 1,485 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,310 8,160 8,150 2,855 1,485 1,370
Taiwanese 2,120 890 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,630 1,510 2,120 2,255 960 1,295
Iraqi 3,035 1,470 1,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,725 2,385 2,345 3,140 1,520 1,620
Salvadorean 2,325 1,150 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,055 3,475 3,580 2,660 1,315 1,345
African Caribbean 930 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,290 1,180 1,110 1,090 590 500
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 3,670 1,710 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,445 3,460 3,980 3,945 1,855 2,090
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 2,645 1,375 1,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,800 3,120 2,680 2,805 1,480 1,330
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 1,330 650 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,670 1,735 1,930 1,435 720 710
Algonquin 380 165 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,680 820 860 555 245 320
West Indian, n.o.s.143 835 370 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,215 995 1,220 975 430 540
Lithuanian 2,015 880 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,670 2,635 3,035 2,420 1,080 1,345
South African 2,915 1,465 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,400 4,055 4,345 3,795 1,905 1,890
Australian 3,060 1,585 1,475 10 0 10 0 0 0 8,395 4,275 4,125 3,840 1,970 1,870
Palestinian 1,675 910 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,425 2,365 2,060 1,875 1,025 845
Chilean 2,925 1,505 1,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,350 3,765 3,590 3,325 1,765 1,560
Congolese 1,045 500 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,540 1,815 1,725 1,100 515 580
Nova Scotian 850 380 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,590 1,280 1,310 1,075 515 565
Ethiopian 6,695 3,225 3,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,505 6,620 6,875 6,810 3,265 3,545
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 2,920 1,375 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,735 2,690 3,045 3,210 1,515 1,690
Peruvian 1,450 690 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,670 1,270 1,395 1,605 775 830
Yoruba 5,200 2,640 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,895 4,535 4,360 5,565 2,825 2,740
Cambodian (Khmer) 1,960 965 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,535 2,235 2,295 2,140 1,060 1,075
Berber 405 225 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 995 550 450 430 235 195
Albanian 1,870 1,030 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,240 1,810 1,430 1,920 1,065 855
Maltese 505 230 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,535 800 730 745 370 380
Macedonian 385 185 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 440 485 490 235 255
Slovenian 1,445 715 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,860 1,935 1,925 1,820 900 915
Western European, n.o.s.145 1,960 925 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,220 2,505 2,715 2,440 1,165 1,275
New Brunswicker 410 170 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,545 790 760 535 215 320
Gujarati 1,665 880 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,210 2,140 2,070 1,790 925 860
Eritrean 5,320 2,700 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,010 5,580 5,430 5,425 2,745 2,680
African Canadian 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,605 1,305 1,305 1,095 565 530
Israeli 1,095 565 525 0 0 0 25 10 15 1,920 995 925 1,175 610 565
Mohawk 500 300 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,965 1,020 950 650 375 275
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 1,685 790 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,235 3,925 4,310 2,390 1,215 1,175
Bulgarian 1,305 635 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,490 1,205 1,290 1,390 670 720
Albertan 5,465 2,785 2,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,600 13,605 12,990 7,585 3,815 3,775
Ghanaian 1,405 705 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,015 2,025 1,995 1,535 790 745
Barbadian 640 310 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,725 835 895 755 380 380
African American 935 435 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,250 1,665 1,585 1,150 555 590
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 1,030 545 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,085 1,990 2,095 1,370 725 645
Tunisian 300 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 440 415 300 150 155
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,305 675 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,640 1,890 1,745 1,440 755 695
Cuban 830 395 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,125 985 1,140 890 425 465
Bosnian 1,870 890 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,170 2,065 2,100 2,170 1,030 1,140
Venezuelan 3,025 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,240 2,015 2,220 3,180 1,520 1,670
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 110 140 55 35 15
Latvian 1,025 485 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,920 1,450 1,470 1,225 605 625
Bengali 1,200 585 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,190 1,090 1,095 1,245 615 630
Cameroonian 930 485 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,060 1,140 1,060 545 520
Guatemalan 1,200 555 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,395 1,185 1,210 1,380 655 730
Indonesian 1,555 750 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,640 1,660 1,985 1,820 865 955
Laotian 1,015 505 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,460 1,225 1,235 1,165 575 590
Ilocano 2,575 1,195 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,045 2,785 3,255 2,705 1,255 1,450
Northern Irish 920 445 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,525 1,205 1,320 1,140 560 575
Celtic, n.o.s.150 805 420 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,405 1,230 1,175 1,015 505 515
British Columbian 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 965 980 660 370 290
Ecuadorian 405 210 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 465 515 420 220 200
Franco Ontarian 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 190 130 150 100 50
Argentinian 1,050 545 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,030 1,030 1,000 1,250 625 625
Estonian 980 480 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,640 1,280 1,365 1,175 565 610
Kurdish 1,060 525 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,290 1,180 1,110 1,120 555 565
Fijian 1,145 525 620 0 0 0 15 10 0 4,155 2,040 2,115 1,250 590 660
Jatt 1,410 705 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,875 1,445 1,430 1,575 785 780
North American, n.o.s.151 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,195 1,125 1,070 940 490 450
Coptic 440 225 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,285 650 635 455 230 225
Thai 1,185 370 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,535 1,240 2,295 1,395 430 965
Dominican 405 245 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 525 480 410 250 160
Nepali 2,255 1,175 1,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,140 2,655 2,485 2,340 1,200 1,135
Kabyle 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 125 95 95 50 50
Assyrian 420 215 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 690 345 350 435 225 205
Igbo 3,150 1,635 1,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,245 2,750 2,495 3,480 1,820 1,665
Byelorussian 730 350 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,310 1,120 1,190 855 420 440
Dene, n.o.s.152 215 95 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,220 2,020 2,200 230 105 125
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 1,580 685 895 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,115 5,290 5,830 1,810 770 1,035
Abenaki 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 70 50 20 25
Moldovan 990 545 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,070 1,065 1,005 1,140 615 525
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 245 125 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,360 645 710 315 145 170
New Zealander 1,095 590 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,175 1,630 1,545 1,375 705 670
Sudanese 2,480 1,205 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,225 2,690 2,530 2,640 1,275 1,370
Breton 40 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 155 165 60 30 35
Pennsylvania Dutch 350 125 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,180 525 190 340
Malaysian 1,175 560 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,640 1,205 1,435 1,260 615 650
Plains Cree 200 100 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,360 2,660 2,705 240 115 125
North African, n.o.s.155 420 210 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 470 490 505 250 250
Huron (Wendat) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 140 105 115 55 60
Saskatchewanian 1,150 595 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,150 1,935 2,210 1,630 765 865
Buddhist 1,010 480 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,200 1,080 1,125 1,070 515 555
Gaspesian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 55 25 20 0 10
Norman 145 100 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 330 165 185 115 65
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 1,270 645 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,715 1,400 1,315 1,285 655 630
Ivorian 210 110 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 685 330 360 225 115 110
Saulteaux 280 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,990 910 1,075 330 150 180
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 160 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 550 240 315 180 70 110
Burundian 150 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 575 580 170 75 100
Tigrinya 2,240 1,220 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,075 2,745 2,325 2,275 1,240 1,035
Nicaraguan 800 355 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,780 895 880 990 465 525
Mauritian 450 190 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 450 540 485 210 275
Kenyan 1,050 510 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,710 1,315 1,395 1,140 565 570
Oji-Cree 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 35 20 20
Vincentian 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 200 250 235 105 125
Jordanian 445 220 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,175 575 600 475 240 240
Manitoban 460 245 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 845 750 700 360 340
Cape Bretoner 175 90 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 355 225 120 110
Rwandan 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,605 860 745 280 150 130
Grenadian 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 245 355 250 100 150
Malayali 665 375 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,705 900 800 680 380 295
Chaldean 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 140 115 165 80 85
Sinhalese 555 255 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 590 630 575 265 310
Mayan 575 310 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,405 710 695 675 360 320
Honduran 340 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 395 515 355 150 200
Cherokee 545 255 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,075 1,030 1,040 655 325 335
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 110 45 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 460 455 160 75 85
Indo-Caribbean 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 150 155 160 85 80
Flemish 420 190 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 740 785 525 220 310
United Empire Loyalist 180 65 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 250 265 230 100 130
Senegalese 140 100 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 380 215 155 140 100 35
Azerbaijani 670 350 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 975 500 475 670 350 320
Sicilian 110 35 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 185 155 130 45 85
Pashtun 820 420 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,370 715 650 865 440 420
Malay 790 340 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,785 855 925 855 370 485
Goan 350 185 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 295 270 375 195 180
Bantu, n.o.s.158 330 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 865 440 435 405 210 195
Tibetan 790 415 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 455 395 795 415 385
Zimbabwean 660 295 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,300 1,530 775 345 430
Burmese 540 250 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 535 580 600 285 310
Mongolian 985 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,690 805 885 1,015 470 545
Azorean 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 100 130 125 50 70
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0
Bamileke 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 185 160 165 100 65
Indo-Guyanese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 135 110 80 45 35
Ugandan 300 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 780 815 370 175 190
Oromo 1,560 875 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,745 2,025 1,715 1,570 875 695
Tanzanian 795 425 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,500 775 725 845 440 400
Yemeni 555 280 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,160 565 595 595 295 300
Central African 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 70 35 40
Libyan 445 255 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 620 395 450 265 190
Basque 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 235 240 205 95 105
Uruguayan 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 145 145 100 45 55
Akan, n.o.s.159 295 125 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 400 445 360 160 200
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 345 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 410 330 355 210 140
Igorot 1,195 560 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,535 1,145 1,395 1,195 560 635
Fulani 65 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 190 180 75 35 50
Woodland Cree 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,295 1,120 1,180 80 45 40
Guinean 155 80 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 190 185 155 85 70
St. Lucian 230 90 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 235 300 285 110 175
Prince Edward Islander 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 280 310 285 130 150
Maliseet 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 25 15 10
Beninese 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 160 165 160 80 80
Telugu 255 135 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 310 270 260 145 120
Roma 200 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 655 305 350 240 110 130
Costa Rican 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 290 305 205 115 90
African Nova Scotian 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 120 105 120 60 60
Malagasy 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 75 50 25 25
Kashmiri 820 405 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,195 575 620 820 405 415
Singaporean 325 120 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 780 340 440 345 135 210
Karen 390 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,120 560 560 390 195 195
Edo 605 340 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,145 625 525 665 370 295
Tajik 280 130 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 185 190 280 130 145
Amhara 810 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,755 925 825 820 440 385
Paraguayan 100 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 125 185 120 35 90
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 800 385 420 485 260 220 4,177,715 2,088,235 2,089,485 1,571,935 782,265 789,670
Buddhist 20,855 9,225 11,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,830 19,140 23,690 22,425 9,955 12,470
Christian 575,250 270,555 304,690 440 220 220 170 70 100 2,009,820 952,440 1,057,385 713,465 336,705 376,760
Christian, n.o.s.162 121,585 58,010 63,575 60 30 30 20 10 15 429,375 207,320 222,055 153,665 73,675 79,985
Anabaptist 2,100 1,020 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,035 10,075 9,960 2,730 1,325 1,405
Anglican 27,005 12,375 14,635 15 0 10 15 0 0 95,560 43,925 51,635 35,625 16,415 19,210
Baptist 10,875 5,050 5,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,605 20,650 23,955 14,480 6,660 7,815
Catholic 262,720 125,010 137,705 250 130 120 70 30 40 833,025 399,750 433,275 312,410 149,290 163,120
Christian Orthodox 24,020 11,690 12,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,775 30,995 32,775 25,935 12,595 13,340
Jehovah's Witness 5,160 2,300 2,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,185 7,955 10,235 6,765 3,065 3,695
Latter Day Saints 9,895 4,590 5,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,125 22,540 24,580 13,890 6,525 7,365
Lutheran 14,005 6,325 7,675 15 0 10 0 0 0 78,925 36,470 42,455 19,790 8,955 10,835
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 2,570 1,160 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,640 4,400 5,240 3,670 1,655 2,015
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,690 6,905 7,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,900 25,250 28,655 17,325 8,180 9,145
Presbyterian 8,330 3,730 4,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,850 10,360 12,495 10,200 4,585 5,615
Reformed 1,250 600 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,735 7,310 7,430 1,880 950 930
United Church 37,055 15,800 21,255 55 30 25 35 15 20 153,820 67,205 86,615 51,720 22,415 29,305
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 33,980 15,990 17,990 10 0 10 30 10 20 124,265 58,235 66,030 43,375 20,405 22,970
Hindu 33,450 17,180 16,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,520 40,435 38,085 35,335 18,180 17,155
Jewish 6,390 3,140 3,255 0 0 0 25 10 10 11,390 5,475 5,915 6,820 3,305 3,515
Muslim 95,925 48,855 47,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 202,535 103,635 98,900 101,285 51,675 49,610
Sikh 49,465 24,885 24,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 103,600 52,505 51,100 56,230 28,325 27,905
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 1,370 500 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,755 9,640 10,120 1,515 550 960
Other religions and spiritual traditions 9,695 4,165 5,535 0 0 0 30 25 0 33,220 14,325 18,905 11,305 4,775 6,530
No religion and secular perspectives 499,375 263,630 235,745 340 155 185 235 140 95 1,676,045 890,645 785,400 623,560 328,795 294,765
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,277,835 634,945 642,885 795 385 410 480 260 220 4,131,540 2,064,715 2,066,825 1,555,360 773,705 781,660
Non-movers 1,101,965 547,205 554,760 765 370 400 430 240 185 3,583,005 1,793,310 1,789,695 1,345,810 669,430 676,380
Movers 175,865 87,745 88,125 25 15 15 50 20 30 548,535 271,400 277,130 209,550 104,275 105,275
Non-migrants 132,940 66,500 66,445 25 15 15 35 15 20 367,325 182,230 185,100 147,415 73,505 73,910
Migrants 42,925 21,245 21,680 0 0 0 15 0 10 181,205 89,170 92,035 62,135 30,765 31,365
Internal migrants 29,285 14,520 14,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 152,655 75,275 77,380 47,380 23,440 23,940
Intraprovincial migrants 13,780 6,700 7,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 107,180 52,880 54,295 28,075 13,860 14,215
Interprovincial migrants 15,505 7,820 7,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,475 22,390 23,090 19,305 9,580 9,725
External migrants 13,640 6,730 6,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,555 13,900 14,650 14,755 7,325 7,430
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,217,975 604,435 613,540 770 375 400 460 245 215 3,930,000 1,961,005 1,969,000 1,482,335 736,360 745,975
Non-movers 707,190 350,630 356,560 645 320 325 385 200 180 2,314,250 1,158,665 1,155,590 863,155 429,060 434,095
Movers 510,785 253,805 256,980 125 55 75 85 45 35 1,615,755 802,340 813,415 619,175 307,300 311,880
Non-migrants 333,555 166,780 166,775 85 40 45 60 35 25 854,765 427,660 427,105 363,260 181,560 181,700
Migrants 177,230 87,025 90,205 45 15 30 25 15 15 760,990 374,680 386,305 255,920 125,740 130,180
Internal migrants 103,835 51,155 52,680 35 15 25 25 15 10 596,980 295,120 301,860 177,420 87,415 90,005
Intraprovincial migrants 52,115 25,805 26,310 10 0 10 0 0 0 431,785 213,950 217,830 112,590 55,855 56,735
Interprovincial migrants 51,725 25,355 26,370 20 10 15 25 15 10 165,195 81,160 84,035 64,830 31,560 33,270
External migrants 73,395 35,870 37,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 164,015 79,565 84,445 78,500 38,320 40,180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 710 350 360 410 215 195 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,375 631,155 647,215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 149,010 77,165 71,850 85 40 40 35 25 0 595,665 322,765 272,900 182,850 95,955 86,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 907,215 444,015 463,205 630 305 320 375 190 185 2,779,465 1,353,090 1,426,375 1,095,525 535,200 560,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 415 190 230 245 120 120 2,298,165 1,141,780 1,156,380 886,650 437,700 448,950
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 65,615 35,580 30,040 15 15 0 0 0 0 274,480 156,485 117,990 79,025 43,715 35,310
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 672,130 329,065 343,070 400 175 230 240 115 120 2,023,680 985,290 1,038,390 807,620 393,985 413,640
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 710 350 360 410 220 195 3,375,135 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,375 631,155 647,220
No certificate, diploma or degree 134,565 68,700 65,865 80 45 45 35 25 10 522,835 275,555 247,275 163,710 84,360 79,350
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 273,135 137,495 135,635 175 85 95 70 30 35 972,110 482,900 489,215 339,400 169,445 169,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 648,530 314,980 333,550 450 220 230 305 160 150 1,880,185 917,400 962,790 775,265 377,350 397,915
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 271,085 134,270 136,810 205 125 80 120 80 45 1,014,810 524,770 490,045 348,595 174,345 174,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 62,155 45,900 16,255 55 45 15 25 25 0 295,285 232,120 63,165 84,805 63,760 21,050
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 22,795 12,780 10,015 15 10 15 10 10 0 87,195 51,295 35,900 29,285 16,610 12,680
Apprenticeship certificate169 39,360 33,125 6,235 35 35 0 15 15 0 208,090 180,830 27,260 55,525 47,150 8,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 172,905 73,135 99,775 135 70 65 70 35 35 612,690 250,540 362,145 221,065 92,585 128,480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 36,020 15,235 20,790 15 10 10 25 20 0 106,840 42,105 64,735 42,725 18,000 24,720
Bachelor's degree or higher 377,450 180,710 196,740 245 95 145 185 80 105 865,370 392,625 472,745 426,670 203,005 223,660
Bachelor's degree 258,985 121,715 137,275 180 65 115 110 50 60 605,025 265,105 339,925 294,610 137,240 157,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 19,835 9,020 10,810 10 0 10 10 0 0 44,915 19,815 25,100 22,475 10,080 12,390
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 9,365 4,285 5,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,880 12,100 11,775 10,785 5,050 5,735
Master's degree 77,600 38,555 39,040 50 30 20 65 25 35 164,245 79,220 85,025 86,005 42,875 43,130
Earned doctorate171 11,670 7,130 4,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,315 16,385 10,920 12,795 7,765 5,030
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 420 190 230 240 120 125 2,298,160 1,141,780 1,156,385 886,650 437,700 448,950
No certificate, diploma or degree 56,150 30,270 25,880 15 15 0 0 0 0 227,880 126,960 100,920 66,625 36,450 30,175
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 158,090 83,330 74,760 60 15 45 30 15 10 581,820 298,415 283,405 197,715 102,665 95,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 523,505 251,045 272,465 340 155 180 210 100 110 1,488,465 716,410 772,060 622,315 298,585 323,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 207,210 103,010 104,205 140 85 55 70 50 25 774,420 401,065 373,355 266,590 133,640 132,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 46,300 34,495 11,805 30 30 0 20 20 0 220,930 175,185 45,745 63,270 48,090 15,175
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,310 9,360 6,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,815 37,400 24,415 20,715 12,025 8,685
Apprenticeship certificate169 29,990 25,135 4,860 30 30 0 20 20 0 159,110 137,785 21,330 42,560 36,060 6,495
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 132,925 56,660 76,265 100 45 55 35 15 20 472,155 193,510 278,645 170,270 71,565 98,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 27,990 11,860 16,130 15 0 0 20 15 0 81,335 32,370 48,965 33,050 13,985 19,070
Bachelor's degree or higher 316,295 148,035 168,260 205 70 130 135 50 85 714,040 315,340 398,700 355,720 164,940 190,775
Bachelor's degree 215,545 99,580 115,960 150 45 100 85 30 50 497,885 213,625 284,260 244,340 111,530 132,810
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 15,980 7,050 8,925 10 0 0 15 0 10 35,125 15,110 20,020 17,980 7,805 10,175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 8,070 3,480 4,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,045 9,435 10,615 9,185 4,015 5,170
Master's degree 67,610 32,685 34,925 45 25 25 40 15 25 139,935 65,290 74,645 74,335 35,965 38,370
Earned doctorate171 9,100 5,240 3,855 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,050 11,880 9,165 9,880 5,625 4,255
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 705 345 365 410 215 190 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,375 631,155 647,220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 407,695 206,200 201,495 255 125 135 105 55 45 1,494,945 758,460 736,490 503,110 253,805 249,305
Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 35 10 30 25 0 25 129,710 30,305 99,400 46,605 10,200 36,405
13. Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 35 10 30 25 0 25 129,710 30,305 99,400 46,605 10,200 36,405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 20,300 8,295 12,000 25 0 15 10 10 0 49,820 20,045 29,775 23,385 9,460 13,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,095 1,585 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,805 4,125 1,675 2,560 1,930 630
50. Visual and performing arts 18,205 6,715 11,490 25 0 15 10 10 0 44,015 15,915 28,100 20,825 7,530 13,295
Humanities 29,295 10,450 18,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,030 29,415 45,615 34,000 12,365 21,635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 3,420 660 2,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,385 1,545 5,845 3,675 735 2,940
23. English language and literature/letters 6,610 1,750 4,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,425 4,255 11,170 7,415 1,915 5,495
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 10,070 3,555 6,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,015 8,710 15,315 11,560 4,095 7,460
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 455 155 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 400 760 525 185 340
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,925 1,050 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,555 3,090 2,465 2,325 1,255 1,065
39. Theology and religious vocations 2,775 1,575 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,680 6,855 4,830 3,860 2,195 1,665
54. History 3,320 1,570 1,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,065 4,165 3,895 3,810 1,820 1,990
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 720 130 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,735 400 1,335 830 165 665
Social and behavioural sciences and law 72,710 25,400 47,315 35 15 25 40 15 25 177,435 57,365 120,070 83,860 28,790 55,065
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,020 200 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,750 620 2,130 1,155 220 930
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 9,885 3,435 6,450 15 10 0 0 0 0 21,730 8,340 13,395 11,400 4,015 7,380
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 7,890 615 7,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,220 2,090 27,125 9,690 735 8,955
22. Legal professions and studies 13,435 4,770 8,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,215 10,250 20,965 15,515 5,275 10,245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,430 480 945 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,045 1,025 2,015 1,605 560 1,045
42. Psychology 11,935 2,745 9,190 10 0 10 0 0 0 31,925 7,565 24,355 13,800 3,115 10,680
45. Social sciences 27,130 13,155 13,975 10 0 10 25 15 10 57,565 27,475 30,085 30,700 14,865 15,830
Business, management and public administration 151,340 66,070 85,275 125 50 75 85 40 50 390,110 151,140 238,975 177,710 75,825 101,885
30.16 Accounting and computer science 145 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 160 455 180 60 120
44. Public administration and social service professions 7,190 1,385 5,810 0 0 0 10 0 0 23,375 4,465 18,910 8,595 1,605 6,995
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 144,000 64,630 79,380 120 50 70 75 35 40 366,120 146,520 219,605 168,935 74,160 94,770
Physical and life sciences and technologies 35,280 18,270 17,015 10 0 10 45 25 15 80,425 40,180 40,245 39,940 20,670 19,265
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 11,915 4,605 7,310 0 0 0 15 15 0 29,505 11,950 17,555 13,395 5,160 8,240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,125 3,260 3,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,630 8,340 10,295 8,180 3,785 4,395
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 560 230 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 400 715 665 260 410
40. Physical sciences 14,385 9,680 4,705 0 0 0 20 10 10 26,315 17,555 8,760 16,065 10,835 5,225
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,295 495 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,860 1,930 2,930 1,630 635 995
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 32,775 21,555 11,215 25 10 15 0 0 0 71,380 45,230 26,150 36,465 23,975 12,485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 27,025 18,865 8,165 25 10 15 0 0 0 58,030 39,530 18,500 30,070 21,020 9,055
25. Library science 1,385 170 1,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,400 600 3,800 1,630 200 1,430
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,675 2,070 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,770 4,330 3,435 4,030 2,275 1,755
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 685 455 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,190 765 420 730 485 250
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 141,165 119,620 21,550 105 95 10 80 60 15 461,075 411,075 49,995 173,505 149,155 24,355
04. Architecture and related services 5,715 3,555 2,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,095 7,465 4,625 6,470 4,065 2,410
14. Engineering 60,975 48,265 12,715 40 35 10 40 30 10 114,735 92,365 22,370 66,620 53,075 13,545
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 30,160 24,830 5,325 25 25 0 20 15 0 106,575 91,350 15,225 38,240 31,740 6,500
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 20 0 10
46. Construction trades 20,365 19,740 625 20 20 0 0 0 0 95,890 92,650 3,240 28,060 27,225 835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 15,535 15,080 455 10 10 0 0 0 0 82,805 80,150 2,655 22,210 21,530 675
48. Precision production 8,400 8,145 260 15 15 0 15 15 0 48,925 47,075 1,850 11,885 11,515 375
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,880 5,175 5,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,710 28,660 23,055 15,905 7,900 8,005
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,525 3,070 3,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,010 19,075 15,935 10,210 5,025 5,180
03. Natural resources and conservation 4,350 2,100 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,700 9,575 7,120 5,695 2,870 2,825
Health and related fields 91,710 19,495 72,215 40 10 30 20 0 20 295,415 56,225 239,190 111,080 22,865 88,215
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 7,380 3,540 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,505 9,625 10,885 9,155 4,305 4,845
51. Health professions and related programs178 81,445 14,515 66,930 35 10 30 20 0 20 267,750 42,785 224,965 98,680 16,900 81,780
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 150 55 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 180 295 180 75 110
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,740 1,395 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,635 3,050 3,060 1,580 1,485
Personal, protective and transportation services 24,990 12,345 12,645 30 15 15 0 0 0 97,660 47,575 50,075 32,595 16,030 16,565
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 16,005 5,380 10,625 20 10 10 0 0 0 57,430 15,580 41,845 20,215 6,265 13,950
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 105 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 335 30 140 130 10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 125 105 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 605 100 170 145 25
43. Security and protective services 4,485 2,870 1,615 10 0 0 0 0 0 19,025 12,445 6,580 6,150 4,050 2,095
49. Transportation and materials moving 4,270 3,900 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,125 18,615 1,520 5,925 5,440 480
Other179 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 190 235 220 115 110
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 737,745 364,640 373,105 420 185 230 240 120 120 2,298,165 1,141,775 1,156,385 886,650 437,700 448,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 214,245 113,600 100,640 75 35 45 30 20 15 809,700 425,375 384,325 264,340 139,115 125,220
Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 30 0 25 20 0 20 92,240 19,980 72,255 33,450 6,965 26,475
13. Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 30 0 25 20 0 20 92,240 19,980 72,255 33,450 6,965 26,475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 16,520 6,735 9,785 25 0 15 0 0 0 39,730 15,620 24,110 18,955 7,590 11,360
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,595 1,150 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,065 2,750 1,315 1,900 1,360 540
50. Visual and performing arts 14,920 5,580 9,335 25 0 15 0 0 0 35,665 12,875 22,790 17,045 6,230 10,815
Humanities 23,385 8,110 15,275 10 10 0 0 0 0 58,200 22,205 35,990 26,945 9,460 17,490
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,795 520 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,945 1,210 4,740 3,000 580 2,425
23. English language and literature/letters 5,440 1,440 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,145 3,310 8,825 6,035 1,555 4,480
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,205 2,785 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,305 6,800 12,500 9,440 3,220 6,225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 340 110 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 295 590 390 130 260
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,575 845 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,385 2,430 1,950 1,865 985 875
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,930 1,110 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,135 4,740 3,395 2,680 1,520 1,160
54. History 2,585 1,210 1,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,205 3,160 3,040 2,930 1,365 1,565
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 515 90 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,190 250 940 595 105 490
Social and behavioural sciences and law 60,535 20,560 39,980 30 10 15 30 10 20 146,530 45,555 100,975 69,810 23,220 46,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 870 180 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,315 515 1,800 975 200 775
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 8,695 2,925 5,770 10 10 0 0 0 0 18,890 6,940 11,950 10,005 3,400 6,605
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 6,225 450 5,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,325 1,630 21,690 7,720 535 7,185
22. Legal professions and studies 11,170 3,705 7,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,940 7,730 18,210 12,925 4,080 8,840
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,180 385 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 825 1,715 1,335 455 885
42. Psychology 9,685 2,100 7,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,775 5,750 20,025 11,190 2,390 8,800
45. Social sciences 22,700 10,805 11,895 0 0 0 20 10 10 47,735 22,165 25,570 25,655 12,155 13,505
Business, management and public administration 124,905 53,865 71,040 95 30 65 55 25 30 317,125 121,510 195,615 145,930 61,450 84,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science 105 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 135 315 130 45 85
44. Public administration and social service professions 5,835 1,070 4,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,680 3,200 15,480 6,965 1,215 5,750
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 118,970 52,750 66,215 85 30 60 50 25 30 297,995 118,175 179,820 138,835 60,195 78,640
Physical and life sciences and technologies 27,230 13,335 13,895 10 0 0 25 15 10 61,555 29,465 32,090 30,605 14,930 15,680
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 9,575 3,600 5,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,290 9,185 14,105 10,695 3,995 6,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 5,600 2,495 3,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,260 6,255 8,010 6,400 2,855 3,545
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 465 190 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 315 580 555 215 340
40. Physical sciences 10,735 6,710 4,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,655 12,320 7,335 11,875 7,435 4,435
41. Science technologies/technicians 860 335 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,445 1,385 2,055 1,085 425 660
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 28,300 18,680 9,610 25 10 15 0 0 0 61,125 39,035 22,085 31,330 20,720 10,615
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 24,085 16,720 7,360 25 10 15 0 0 0 51,435 34,910 16,530 26,680 18,555 8,125
25. Library science 900 120 780 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,945 460 2,490 1,040 135 900
27. Mathematics and statistics 2,765 1,500 1,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,775 3,080 2,700 3,015 1,650 1,365
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 555 350 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 590 370 600 380 225
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 113,170 94,000 19,170 90 80 15 65 50 15 362,315 318,170 44,135 138,260 116,630 21,630
04. Architecture and related services 4,610 2,700 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,600 5,585 4,020 5,185 3,050 2,130
14. Engineering 51,005 39,500 11,510 40 30 10 35 25 10 95,200 75,075 20,125 55,310 43,055 12,260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,030 19,430 4,600 20 20 0 10 10 0 84,485 71,240 13,245 30,335 24,710 5,630
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 15 0 10
46. Construction trades 15,725 15,190 535 10 10 0 0 0 0 73,955 71,080 2,875 21,755 21,035 720
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 11,690 11,295 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,780 59,485 2,290 16,875 16,295 580
48. Precision production 6,095 5,885 200 15 15 0 10 10 0 37,260 35,705 1,555 8,785 8,485 305
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,820 4,045 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,085 20,610 19,475 12,720 5,985 6,735
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,000 2,240 2,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,160 12,965 13,205 7,810 3,590 4,220
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,820 1,805 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,925 7,650 6,275 4,910 2,395 2,515
Health and related fields 73,600 16,045 57,555 20 0 20 10 0 10 232,820 45,895 186,920 88,715 18,735 69,980
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 5,910 2,840 3,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,345 7,640 8,705 7,355 3,465 3,885
51. Health professions and related programs178 65,330 12,095 53,230 20 0 20 10 0 10 210,650 35,325 175,320 78,745 14,010 64,730
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 130 45 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 145 255 145 60 80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,240 1,065 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,430 2,785 2,645 2,480 1,195 1,280
Personal, protective and transportation services 19,480 9,855 9,625 20 10 15 0 0 0 76,410 38,205 38,205 25,425 12,820 12,610
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 12,230 4,210 8,020 15 0 0 0 0 0 43,535 12,080 31,455 15,385 4,880 10,500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 80 70 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 275 25 100 90 10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 390 55 85 80 0
43. Security and protective services 3,695 2,380 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,885 10,385 5,505 5,140 3,420 1,725
49. Transportation and materials moving 3,425 3,150 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,245 15,080 1,165 4,710 4,340 370
Other179 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 170 75 95
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 737,745 364,640 373,105 420 185 230 240 120 120 2,298,165 1,141,775 1,156,385 886,650 437,700 448,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 214,245 113,600 100,640 75 35 45 30 20 15 809,700 425,375 384,325 264,340 139,115 125,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 523,510 251,045 272,465 345 160 185 210 95 110 1,488,465 716,405 772,060 622,310 298,585 323,730
Location of study inside Canada 372,000 180,455 191,540 280 145 140 155 75 80 1,157,790 563,035 594,750 455,590 220,680 234,910
Same as province or territory of residence 267,640 128,510 139,130 205 105 100 100 45 55 886,080 429,870 456,210 328,175 157,540 170,630
Different than province or territory of residence 104,355 51,950 52,410 75 40 40 55 30 25 271,710 133,165 138,545 127,410 63,135 64,275
Location of study outside Canada182 151,510 70,585 80,925 60 15 45 55 25 30 330,675 153,370 177,305 166,725 77,905 88,820
Americas 24,755 12,395 12,360 25 10 10 10 0 0 54,515 26,775 27,740 28,670 14,305 14,360
United States of America 14,510 7,920 6,590 25 10 10 10 0 0 34,460 17,900 16,555 17,465 9,425 8,040
Mexico 2,085 930 1,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,820 2,255 2,565 2,410 1,065 1,345
Cuba 235 135 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 300 320 250 145 110
Haiti 75 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 125 65 80 45 30
Jamaica 400 175 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,470 665 805 470 215 255
Brazil 1,555 665 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,480 1,000 1,475 1,670 690 980
Colombia 2,015 880 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,200 1,335 1,865 2,125 915 1,210
Peru 365 140 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 220 420 400 155 250
Venezuela95 1,780 745 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,395 995 1,400 1,850 780 1,070
Other locations of study in Americas 1,735 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,235 1,975 2,265 1,945 870 1,075
Europe 25,250 13,170 12,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,920 28,570 26,350 29,575 15,435 14,145
Belgium 170 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 320 190 220 130 90
France 1,155 600 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,005 1,045 960 1,225 630 595
Germany 925 515 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,195 1,670 1,520 1,235 645 590
Netherlands 600 315 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,215 890 795 430 370
Switzerland 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 945 515 435 415 220 190
Hungary 330 165 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 380 180 205
Moldova183 570 270 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 445 540 630 295 335
Poland 1,375 540 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,150 1,350 1,805 1,485 575 905
Romania 1,725 935 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,790 1,455 1,335 1,870 1,020 855
Russian Federation 2,065 890 1,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,450 1,515 1,935 2,235 955 1,280
Ukraine 1,465 680 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,305 1,940 2,365 1,605 745 865
Ireland96 855 520 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 1,115 750 930 570 355
United Kingdom87 9,355 5,195 4,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,280 11,190 9,090 11,725 6,495 5,220
Bosnia and Herzegovina 280 145 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 730 375 360 345 185 155
Italy 315 170 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 360 300 350 210 140
Serbia86 360 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 365 390 375 180 190
Other locations of study in Europe 3,420 1,790 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,550 3,385 3,165 3,760 1,955 1,805
Africa 12,240 6,200 6,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,775 13,770 13,005 13,270 6,695 6,570
Nigeria 4,635 2,225 2,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,795 3,825 3,970 4,965 2,375 2,590
Algeria 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 345 325 340 170 170
Morocco 380 205 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,085 615 475 420 220 200
Tunisia 180 110 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 305 200 185 115 75
Egypt 1,610 825 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,230 1,665 1,565 1,670 860 810
South Africa, Republic of 1,315 665 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,660 1,885 1,770 1,690 855 840
Other locations of study in Africa 3,795 2,005 1,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,830 5,130 4,700 3,985 2,105 1,880
Asia 86,450 37,320 49,140 25 0 25 30 20 10 188,060 80,750 107,315 91,990 39,695 52,295
Iran88 2,105 980 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,440 1,605 1,835 2,155 1,010 1,145
Iraq 895 440 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,435 730 705 920 450 465
Israel 385 210 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 655 350 305 425 230 195
Lebanon 590 275 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,500 695 805 640 300 335
Syria89 730 375 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,370 700 660 735 380 355
Turkey 385 235 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 540 360 390 235 160
China90 10,965 4,890 6,075 0 0 0 20 10 10 17,320 7,525 9,795 11,260 5,010 6,250
Taiwan 565 140 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 960 245 715 585 145 440
Hong Kong91 790 310 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 425 820 805 315 495
Japan 995 270 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,935 530 1,405 1,045 275 770
Korea, South92 3,715 1,535 2,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,990 2,990 4,000 3,925 1,615 2,305
Philippines 28,045 11,105 16,945 15 0 15 0 0 0 74,205 29,080 45,130 30,585 12,115 18,470
Viet Nam 810 315 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,500 545 955 855 335 520
Bangladesh 1,360 510 845 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,470 990 1,490 1,405 540 870
Sri Lanka 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 685 595 485 250 235
India 23,485 11,025 12,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,120 24,905 27,215 25,005 11,780 13,225
Pakistan 6,015 2,670 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,355 4,710 5,645 6,330 2,815 3,520
Other locations of study in Asia 4,170 1,795 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,390 3,510 4,885 4,435 1,895 2,540
Oceania 2,815 1,510 1,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,410 3,505 2,905 3,225 1,775 1,450
Australia 2,225 1,200 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,880 2,560 2,320 2,545 1,385 1,160
New Zealand 480 255 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,105 680 425 555 315 240
Other locations of study in Oceania 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 265 160 125 70 55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 710 350 360 410 220 195 3,375,135 1,675,855 1,699,280 1,278,375 631,155 647,220
In the labour force 730,055 382,305 347,750 475 245 230 235 120 115 2,295,380 1,215,955 1,079,425 882,705 463,170 419,540
Employed 638,645 335,655 302,995 405 195 205 185 90 95 2,030,730 1,077,590 953,135 776,015 408,675 367,335
Unemployed 91,405 46,650 44,755 75 45 30 50 25 25 264,650 138,365 126,290 106,695 54,490 52,205
Not in the labour force 326,175 138,875 187,310 230 100 130 170 95 80 1,079,750 459,900 619,845 395,665 167,985 227,680
Participation rate 69.1 73.4 65.0 66.9 70.0 63.9 57.3 54.5 59.0 68.0 72.6 63.5 69.0 73.4 64.8
Employment rate 60.5 64.4 56.6 57.0 55.7 56.9 45.1 40.9 48.7 60.2 64.3 56.1 60.7 64.8 56.8
Unemployment rate 12.5 12.2 12.9 15.8 18.4 13.0 21.3 20.8 21.7 11.5 11.4 11.7 12.1 11.8 12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 705 345 360 410 215 190 3,375,130 1,675,855 1,699,275 1,278,375 631,155 647,220
Did not work186 350,820 153,180 197,640 245 115 125 175 100 75 1,140,745 497,150 643,595 422,665 183,645 239,020
Worked 705,410 367,995 337,415 465 230 230 230 115 115 2,234,385 1,178,705 1,055,680 855,710 447,510 408,200
Worked full year full time187 370,495 210,090 160,405 235 115 120 125 55 70 1,164,455 670,620 493,835 450,195 257,535 192,655
Worked part year and/or part time188 334,920 157,910 177,010 225 115 115 105 55 45 1,069,930 508,085 561,840 405,520 189,970 215,550
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.6 41.4 39.7 40.3 39.0 41.6 41.0 40.4 42.0 40.8 41.5 39.9 40.7 41.5 39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 730,050 382,305 347,745 475 245 235 235 120 115 2,295,380 1,215,955 1,079,430 882,710 463,165 419,540
Class of worker - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 25 15 10 20 15 0 70,455 34,850 35,605 29,010 14,020 14,995
All classes of workers191 704,840 370,120 334,720 455 230 225 215 100 110 2,224,920 1,181,100 1,043,820 853,695 449,150 404,550
Employee 596,075 303,490 292,590 390 195 195 150 65 85 1,876,950 967,450 909,500 715,140 365,090 350,050
Permanent position 498,865 258,105 240,765 320 155 165 135 55 75 1,560,435 814,805 745,625 600,125 311,480 288,645
Temporary position 97,210 45,385 51,825 65 35 30 15 10 10 316,520 152,640 163,880 115,020 53,615 61,405
Fixed term (1 year or more) 33,010 14,890 18,125 0 0 0 10 10 0 97,610 44,060 53,555 37,760 16,790 20,970
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 64,200 30,500 33,700 65 35 30 0 0 0 218,905 108,585 110,320 77,260 36,820 40,435
Self-employed192 108,770 66,635 42,130 65 35 30 60 40 25 347,975 213,655 134,320 138,550 84,060 54,500
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 730,050 382,305 347,745 475 245 235 235 120 115 2,295,380 1,215,955 1,079,430 882,710 463,165 419,540
Occupation - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 25 15 10 20 15 0 70,455 34,850 35,605 29,010 14,020 14,995
All occupations191 704,840 370,120 334,720 455 230 225 215 100 110 2,224,920 1,181,100 1,043,820 853,695 449,150 404,550
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 8,910 6,645 2,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,120 16,455 6,665 11,440 8,585 2,850
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 135,315 46,270 89,040 115 30 85 50 25 25 373,795 110,275 263,520 161,170 53,245 107,930
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 83,405 63,705 19,695 50 40 10 25 0 20 182,880 140,540 42,340 94,565 72,340 22,225
3 Health occupations 58,670 11,985 46,685 15 0 15 10 0 10 182,480 34,585 147,895 69,305 13,810 55,490
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 77,125 25,355 51,770 40 10 35 30 0 25 246,625 82,115 164,510 92,850 30,655 62,195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 20,330 9,105 11,230 15 0 0 10 0 0 51,815 21,140 30,675 24,120 10,450 13,675
6 Sales and service occupations 175,295 80,580 94,715 115 60 55 50 25 25 538,930 232,640 306,285 209,115 94,840 114,280
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 115,655 103,615 12,040 65 65 0 30 30 0 441,955 399,605 42,345 147,375 132,085 15,290
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 10,185 8,205 1,980 20 10 10 0 0 0 99,430 77,250 22,180 18,195 14,065 4,130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 19,960 14,655 5,300 15 10 10 10 10 0 83,895 66,480 17,415 25,565 19,070 6,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 730,050 382,305 347,745 475 245 235 235 120 115 2,295,380 1,215,955 1,079,430 882,710 463,165 419,540
Industry - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 25 15 10 20 15 0 70,455 34,850 35,605 29,010 14,020 14,995
All industries191 704,840 370,120 334,720 455 230 225 215 100 110 2,224,920 1,181,100 1,043,820 853,695 449,150 404,550
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,635 1,590 1,050 10 0 0 0 0 0 63,965 42,305 21,665 8,270 5,105 3,165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 32,410 20,860 11,545 20 0 15 20 15 10 112,890 88,690 24,200 39,750 26,465 13,290
22 Utilities 8,485 5,525 2,960 10 0 0 0 0 0 22,630 15,900 6,735 10,285 6,785 3,500
23 Construction 58,805 49,750 9,055 35 35 0 10 10 0 210,350 177,845 32,505 75,665 63,720 11,945
31-33 Manufacturing 33,130 24,105 9,030 35 25 10 15 10 0 118,890 88,735 30,155 41,545 30,255 11,295
41 Wholesale trade 22,295 15,400 6,895 25 20 10 15 10 0 71,580 50,655 20,930 27,195 18,765 8,430
44-45 Retail trade 80,115 38,770 41,340 45 30 20 30 10 20 253,030 117,605 135,425 96,885 46,555 50,330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 46,840 34,225 12,610 15 15 0 0 0 0 128,410 96,000 32,410 56,135 40,670 15,470
51 Information and cultural industries 12,790 7,585 5,205 10 0 0 0 0 0 28,680 16,625 12,055 14,840 8,750 6,090
52 Finance and insurance 26,450 12,325 14,125 35 10 20 10 0 0 68,355 27,225 41,135 30,760 13,930 16,825
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 14,175 7,965 6,215 0 0 0 10 0 0 39,400 21,625 17,775 16,935 9,445 7,485
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 83,970 48,655 35,310 50 25 25 35 15 20 177,895 99,055 78,840 96,185 55,190 40,995
55 Management of companies and enterprises 2,240 995 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,420 2,075 2,345 2,660 1,210 1,450
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 31,495 17,855 13,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,750 51,325 40,430 37,790 21,285 16,510
61 Educational services 46,695 14,690 32,005 40 0 40 15 0 15 149,170 43,775 105,400 55,510 16,805 38,700
62 Health care and social assistance 90,910 18,065 72,845 35 0 30 10 0 10 285,090 51,930 233,155 107,190 20,475 86,720
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 14,470 7,345 7,125 20 0 10 0 0 0 42,685 20,880 21,805 17,830 8,980 8,850
72 Accommodation and food services 42,785 19,585 23,200 25 10 20 15 10 0 132,930 57,280 75,650 49,900 22,440 27,460
81 Other services (except public administration) 29,975 12,560 17,415 20 10 10 10 0 10 104,530 50,355 54,175 37,065 16,090 20,975
91 Public administration 24,185 12,265 11,920 25 20 0 15 0 15 118,270 61,230 57,040 31,305 16,235 15,075
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 764,085 398,215 365,870 505 245 265 250 125 125 2,422,110 1,273,895 1,148,215 926,320 483,455 442,860
English 720,920 377,180 343,730 490 245 245 235 115 120 2,319,940 1,223,960 1,095,975 878,705 460,305 418,400
French 1,020 295 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,840 1,145 2,695 1,250 340 915
Non-official language 6,605 3,350 3,255 0 0 0 10 10 10 14,015 7,470 6,545 6,970 3,525 3,440
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 140 105 10 0 10
Non-Indigenous 6,600 3,350 3,250 0 0 0 10 10 10 13,770 7,330 6,440 6,955 3,525 3,430
English and French 6,415 2,620 3,795 15 0 15 0 0 0 20,015 8,200 11,815 7,700 3,085 4,615
English and non-official language(s) 27,865 14,130 13,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,830 31,865 29,965 30,355 15,535 14,825
French and non-official language(s) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 30 20 0 15
English, French and non-official language(s) 665 305 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 765 785 740 340 405
Multiple non-official languages 570 320 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 885 475 410 575 325 250
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 764,085 398,215 365,870 505 245 265 250 125 125 2,422,110 1,273,895 1,148,215 926,320 483,455 442,860
Single responses 757,765 394,970 362,795 505 245 265 250 125 125 2,407,485 1,266,360 1,141,120 919,325 479,835 439,490
Official languages 745,365 388,565 356,810 505 245 265 235 115 120 2,381,515 1,252,385 1,129,135 906,220 473,040 433,180
English 743,325 387,970 355,360 505 245 260 235 115 120 2,374,615 1,250,455 1,124,165 903,745 472,395 431,350
French 2,040 595 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,900 1,930 4,970 2,475 650 1,835
Non-official languages 12,400 6,410 5,990 0 0 0 10 10 10 25,965 13,980 11,990 13,105 6,795 6,310
Indigenous languages39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 425 340 10 0 10
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 400 300 0 0 0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 355 280 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 355 280 0 0 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 20 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 35 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 295 220 0 0 0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 10 0 10
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 10 0 10
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,390 6,410 5,980 0 0 0 10 10 10 25,200 13,555 11,650 13,090 6,795 6,300
Afro-Asiatic languages 450 245 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,025 535 495 470 250 215
Berber languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 70 95 15 15 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 10 10 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 60 80 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 430 235 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 450 400 450 235 215
Amharic 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50 60 35 25 10
Arabic 315 165 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 315 280 335 170 165
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Tigrigna 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 70 35 35
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 800 305 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 500 805 840 330 510
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 10 0 0
Vietnamese 780 295 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 480 795 820 320 505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 535 275 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,160 540 620 555 290 265
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ilocano 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 55 30 25
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 480 245 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,065 490 570 495 260 240
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 55 30 0 25
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 25 10 0 0
Tamil 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 15 0 15
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 4,915 2,660 2,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,180 7,175 5,010 5,395 2,930 2,465
Albanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Armenian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 780 300 480 455 185 270
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 780 300 480 455 185 270
Bulgarian 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 10 0 10
Czech 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 10 10 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polish 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 90 135 145 55 90
Russian 175 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 100 200 180 80 105
Serbo-Croatian 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 60 30 35
Bosnian 25 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 25 10 20
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Serbian 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 35 20 25 20 10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 55 60 40 15 25
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,025 1,985 1,045 125 70 55
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
High German languages 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,555 970 580 100 60 45
German 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,540 965 575 100 60 45
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,445 995 455 15 10 10
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Dutch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 50 30 10 10 0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 245 80 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,025 695 330 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swedish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Greek 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 10 0 10
Indo-Iranian languages 3,090 1,860 1,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,660 3,440 2,220 3,355 2,015 1,345
Indo-Aryan languages 2,955 1,810 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,435 3,340 2,100 3,220 1,960 1,260
Bengali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Gujarati 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 75 35 35
Hindi 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 150 135 130 80 50
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nepali 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 20 50 30 10 20
Punjabi (Panjabi) 2,505 1,605 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,630 2,975 1,655 2,745 1,740 1,005
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urdu 225 95 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 125 160 225 95 135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iranian languages 135 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 120 135 50 80
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Persian languages 125 50 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 95 110 125 50 70
Dari 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 30 10 20
Iranian Persian 90 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 55 65 90 35 50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,285 565 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,660 1,415 1,245 1,425 650 780
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italian 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20 25 15 10
Portuguese 75 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 75 50 85 55 30
Romanian 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 45 35 60 40 30
Spanish 1,150 475 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,420 1,275 1,145 1,255 540 715
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 10 0 0
Japanese 105 25 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 70 135 105 25 75
Korean 775 435 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 630 620 810 445 365
Mongolian 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 15 10 10
Niger-Congo languages 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 35 20 0 15
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lingala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 100 100 40 20 15
American Sign Language 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 80 85 30 10 15
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15 15 15 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 4,560 2,355 2,205 0 0 0 10 10 10 7,340 3,725 3,615 4,665 2,410 2,255
Chinese languages 4,540 2,340 2,200 0 0 0 10 10 10 7,295 3,700 3,605 4,645 2,395 2,245
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandarin 1,910 975 935 0 0 0 10 10 10 3,105 1,570 1,535 1,960 995 965
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 2,595 1,340 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,145 2,095 2,050 2,650 1,375 1,270
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 30 15 35 25 15
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 25 15 10
Burmese 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 65 100 55 15 40
Lao 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 15 10 0
Thai 35 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 55 90 40 0 40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 115 30 55 30 25
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkish 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 115 30 55 30 25
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 35 20 10
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hungarian 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 30 15 35 20 10
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple responses 6,320 3,245 3,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,630 7,530 7,100 7,000 3,625 3,375
English and French 805 365 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,105 1,455 1,000 445 555
English and non-official language(s) 5,280 2,770 2,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,695 6,245 5,440 5,765 3,065 2,695
French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20 30 15 15
English, French and non-official language(s) 75 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 75 80 30 50
Multiple non-official languages 130 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 90 105 130 65 60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 764,085 398,215 365,870 505 245 265 250 125 125 2,422,110 1,273,895 1,148,215 926,320 483,455 442,860
None 734,060 383,675 350,390 490 245 245 250 125 125 2,350,940 1,239,355 1,111,590 893,045 467,350 425,695
English 5,720 2,795 2,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,200 6,355 6,840 6,235 2,990 3,245
French 4,720 2,005 2,720 10 0 10 0 0 0 14,630 6,410 8,215 5,615 2,385 3,230
Non-official language 16,030 8,000 8,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,335 18,310 18,025 17,585 8,825 8,760
Indigenous39 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,125 865 1,255 115 45 70
Non-Indigenous 15,945 7,965 7,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,210 17,445 16,765 17,465 8,780 8,690
English and French 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 25 10 15 10 0
English and non-official language(s) 640 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,080 540 540 660 330 335
French and non-official language(s) 440 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,125 565 560 500 245 255
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 2,460 1,210 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,760 2,335 2,420 2,665 1,335 1,335
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 638,645 335,655 302,990 405 200 205 185 90 90 2,030,730 1,077,590 953,140 776,010 408,680 367,335
Worked at home 182,015 89,915 92,100 130 60 70 75 35 45 446,315 211,420 234,900 215,520 105,290 110,230
Worked outside Canada 2,460 1,800 660 10 0 0 0 0 0 5,430 4,105 1,330 2,820 2,095 725
No fixed workplace address 89,650 66,145 23,505 30 25 0 30 20 0 319,675 242,835 76,845 113,260 83,885 29,375
Usual place of work 364,515 177,790 186,730 240 110 125 80 40 45 1,259,305 619,240 640,065 444,410 217,405 227,005
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 364,520 177,790 186,730 240 115 125 80 35 45 1,259,305 619,240 640,065 444,410 217,405 227,005
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 332,545 158,240 174,305 235 105 125 70 35 35 902,040 419,240 482,800 361,065 170,000 191,065
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 22,900 13,305 9,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 292,360 157,820 134,535 69,230 37,715 31,505
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 5,875 4,210 1,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,590 34,120 18,470 10,095 7,060 3,035
Commute to a different province or territory 3,200 2,035 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,315 8,060 4,260 4,020 2,625 1,395
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 454,170 243,935 210,235 270 135 130 110 60 45 1,578,980 862,070 716,915 557,670 301,290 256,380
Car, truck or van 378,085 208,085 169,995 260 120 130 100 55 45 1,378,685 765,905 612,775 473,465 261,055 212,410
Car, truck or van - as a driver 350,765 198,775 151,990 235 115 115 95 55 45 1,287,940 730,925 557,015 441,645 249,990 191,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 27,315 9,310 18,005 25 10 15 0 0 0 90,740 34,980 55,760 31,820 11,060 20,755
Public transit 39,905 17,255 22,645 0 0 0 10 0 0 88,255 39,915 48,345 40,930 17,775 23,165
Walked 19,195 8,805 10,390 15 15 0 0 0 0 62,810 27,445 35,360 22,670 10,345 12,325
Bicycle 3,955 2,970 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,370 7,975 3,395 4,355 3,240 1,115
Other method 13,035 6,820 6,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,865 20,820 17,040 16,245 8,875 7,365
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 454,170 243,935 210,235 270 135 130 110 60 45 1,578,980 862,070 716,915 557,670 301,290 256,380
Less than 15 minutes 97,610 44,795 52,810 95 55 40 10 0 10 487,710 225,360 262,355 128,460 58,155 70,310
15 to 29 minutes 213,150 115,080 98,070 145 60 90 55 30 30 610,485 333,105 277,385 242,460 130,855 111,610
30 to 44 minutes 99,695 58,885 40,805 25 20 0 20 15 0 302,735 184,370 118,365 125,765 75,100 50,660
45 to 59 minutes 20,845 11,730 9,110 0 0 0 10 0 10 87,230 55,475 31,755 31,050 18,505 12,545
60 minutes and over 22,870 13,440 9,430 0 0 0 15 10 0 90,815 63,765 27,050 29,930 18,665 11,265
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 454,170 243,935 210,235 270 135 130 110 60 45 1,578,980 862,070 716,915 557,670 301,290 256,380
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 28,655 20,330 8,325 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,400 88,060 28,340 37,665 27,280 10,390
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 79,585 49,005 30,585 40 30 10 15 10 10 296,930 194,765 102,165 100,900 63,500 37,400
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 116,785 61,460 55,320 80 30 50 55 25 25 424,170 228,535 195,630 143,455 75,755 67,700
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 86,045 42,180 43,860 70 35 30 25 15 10 299,145 134,910 164,240 105,095 50,620 54,475
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 67,250 30,565 36,680 50 10 35 10 10 10 195,835 83,185 112,655 79,595 35,415 44,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 75,850 40,390 35,455 25 20 0 0 0 0 246,495 132,620 113,880 90,950 48,715 42,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 285,180 146,410 138,775 135 65 70 75 45 30 971,390 499,245 472,145 356,225 183,250 172,980
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 20,385 10,340 10,050 10 5 5 15 10 5 67,140 34,000 33,140 25,335 12,890 12,445
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 264,795 136,070 128,725 125 60 65 60 40 25 904,245 465,240 439,005 330,890 170,360 160,535
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 205,680 105,675 100,005 100 45 50 55 35 20 704,490 362,400 342,090 259,535 133,590 125,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 15,120 7,690 7,430 5 5 5 15 10 5 49,735 25,180 24,555 18,890 9,625 9,270
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,850 3,820 4,030 5 0 5 0 0 0 24,675 12,010 12,665 9,575 4,670 4,910
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,275 3,870 3,400 5 0 5 10 10 5 25,055 13,170 11,890 9,315 4,955 4,360
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 190,560 97,990 92,580 85 45 45 40 30 15 654,755 337,220 317,530 240,640 123,965 116,675

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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