Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
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Language spoken most often at home
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Other language spoken regularly at home
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All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Calgary, City (CY)More information:
Alberta
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 48062570More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 48061335More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove		 Northwest TerritoriesMore information:

[Territory]
 Remove
Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,306,784 ... ... 1,677 ... ... 595 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 41,070 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,239,220 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... 41,786 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 5.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... - 1.7 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 531,062 ... ... 453 ... ... 207 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 17,603 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 502,301 ... ... 447 ... ... 204 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 15,207 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,592.4 ... ... 4,523.9 ... ... 3,115.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 820.62 ... ... 0.37 ... ... 0.19 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 1,127,711.92 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,306,780 648,835 657,950 1,675 875 805 595 295 300 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 41,070 20,840 20,230
0 to 14 years 235,855 121,145 114,710 495 275 220 145 65 75 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 8,475 4,315 4,160
0 to 4 years 73,840 37,865 35,980 130 70 65 40 15 25 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 2,825 1,480 1,345
5 to 9 years 80,585 41,225 39,365 170 100 75 55 25 25 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 2,820 1,420 1,400
10 to 14 years 81,425 42,055 39,370 190 105 85 50 25 25 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 2,830 1,415 1,410
15 to 64 years 893,525 445,660 447,865 1,125 575 550 350 175 175 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 28,485 14,420 14,065
15 to 19 years 73,490 37,720 35,770 155 80 75 35 15 15 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 2,530 1,280 1,250
20 to 24 years 78,365 40,280 38,085 85 55 30 20 15 5 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 2,555 1,340 1,215
25 to 29 years 88,385 43,930 44,460 40 25 15 15 5 5 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 3,150 1,610 1,540
30 to 34 years 105,960 52,030 53,930 60 20 40 25 5 10 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 3,510 1,710 1,795
35 to 39 years 110,765 54,785 55,985 155 65 85 40 20 20 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 3,135 1,570 1,565
40 to 44 years 100,080 49,490 50,595 180 85 95 55 25 30 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 2,980 1,465 1,510
45 to 49 years 91,385 45,430 45,945 195 90 105 55 30 25 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 2,620 1,310 1,315
50 to 54 years 84,725 42,550 42,175 135 70 60 30 10 20 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 2,730 1,385 1,345
55 to 59 years 82,570 41,000 41,570 85 50 30 45 20 20 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 2,920 1,515 1,405
60 to 64 years 77,790 38,450 39,345 45 25 15 35 15 15 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 2,365 1,235 1,130
65 years and over 177,405 82,035 95,375 55 30 30 105 55 50 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 4,110 2,110 2,000
65 to 69 years 62,120 30,410 31,710 25 10 15 30 15 15 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 1,650 870 785
70 to 74 years 46,495 22,225 24,270 20 15 5 25 10 15 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 1,115 595 520
75 to 79 years 28,965 13,485 15,485 5 0 5 25 10 15 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 695 350 350
80 to 84 years 19,405 8,370 11,035 5 0 5 15 10 5 840,545 370,905 469,645 350 145 205
85 years and over 20,420 7,540 12,875 5 5 0 5 0 5 861,395 319,540 541,860 290 140 145
85 to 89 years 12,620 4,995 7,625 5 5 0 0 0 5 525,445 212,735 312,705 155 90 65
90 to 94 years 6,225 2,115 4,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 258,035 87,300 170,735 115 45 70
95 to 99 years 1,375 390 990 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,380 17,670 50,715 15 10 10
100 years and over 195 45 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0 0 0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 18.0 18.7 17.4 29.6 31.4 27.3 24.4 22.0 25.0 16.3 16.9 15.6 20.6 20.7 20.6
15 to 64 years 68.4 68.7 68.1 67.2 65.7 68.3 58.8 59.3 58.3 64.8 65.4 64.2 69.4 69.2 69.5
65 years and over 13.6 12.6 14.5 3.3 3.4 3.7 17.6 18.6 16.7 19.0 17.7 20.2 10.0 10.1 9.9
85 years and over 1.6 1.2 2.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.8 0.0 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.9 0.7 0.7 0.7
Average age of the population 38.8 38.2 39.5 31.5 31.0 32.0 39.7 40.4 39.0 41.9 41.0 42.8 36.4 36.4 36.3
Median age of the population 38.0 37.6 38.8 35.2 31.4 37.2 42.4 42.8 41.2 41.6 40.4 42.8 35.6 35.6 35.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 450 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,210 ... ...
Single-detached house 276,050 ... ... 445 ... ... 205 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 8,600 ... ...
Semi-detached house 31,660 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 1,065 ... ...
Row house 48,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 1,630 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 21,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 370 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 81,870 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 2,515 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 40,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 300 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 115 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,790 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 615 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 502,305 ... ... 450 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
1 person 132,695 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 3,985 ... ...
2 persons 159,955 ... ... 60 ... ... 60 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 4,490 ... ...
3 persons 80,020 ... ... 80 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 2,560 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 200 ... ... 55 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 2,400 ... ...
5 or more persons 50,070 ... ... 95 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 1,775 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 1,675 875 805 590 295 295 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 40,375 20,435 19,945
Average household size 2.6 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,070,930 527,695 543,240 1,185 600 580 455 235 220 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 32,595 16,530 16,065
Married or living common-law 624,845 312,690 312,150 840 420 425 320 160 160 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 17,435 8,725 8,705
Married 529,175 264,635 264,545 810 400 405 295 150 145 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 11,415 5,740 5,670
Living common-law 95,665 48,060 47,610 35 20 15 30 10 20 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 6,020 2,980 3,040
Living common law - Never married 73,555 37,065 36,490 25 15 10 10 5 10 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 5,165 2,535 2,630
Living common law - Separated 3,080 1,645 1,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,830 65,045 58,785 160 85 75
Living common law - Divorced 17,645 8,750 8,890 10 5 10 15 5 10 721,715 365,760 355,950 635 325 305
Living common law - Widowed 1,390 595 795 0 0 0 5 0 0 87,165 36,860 50,300 65 25 35
Not married and not living common-law 446,090 215,005 231,085 340 180 160 130 70 60 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 15,160 7,805 7,355
Not married and not living common law - Never married 313,900 170,360 143,540 290 170 125 100 60 45 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 11,950 6,565 5,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated 24,245 10,380 13,865 15 0 15 5 0 5 741,135 319,045 422,090 735 355 380
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 67,400 25,865 41,535 15 5 10 15 5 5 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 1,405 610 795
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 40,550 8,395 32,150 15 5 10 15 5 10 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 1,070 270 800
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 356,225 ... ... 445 ... ... 175 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 11,010 ... ...
2 persons 164,970 ... ... 80 ... ... 60 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 5,060 ... ...
3 persons 78,740 ... ... 95 ... ... 40 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 2,520 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 205 ... ... 55 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 2,200 ... ...
5 or more persons 32,950 ... ... 70 ... ... 15 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 1,225 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 356,220 ... ... 445 ... ... 175 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 11,015 ... ...
Total couple families 304,050 ... ... 415 ... ... 160 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 8,440 ... ...
Married couples 256,225 ... ... 400 ... ... 145 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 5,430 ... ...
With children6 155,795 ... ... 340 ... ... 95 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 3,365 ... ...
Without children 100,430 ... ... 55 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 2,070 ... ...
Common-law couples 47,830 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 3,010 ... ...
With children6 14,805 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 1,575 ... ...
Without children 33,020 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 1,435 ... ...
Total one-parent families 52,170 ... ... 30 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 2,570 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 40,670 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 1,880 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 11,505 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 690 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 1,675 875 800 595 295 295 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 40,375 20,435 19,945
Total - Persons in census families 1,060,650 527,080 533,570 1,620 850 770 555 275 275 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 33,230 16,490 16,740
Married spouses or common-law partners 608,110 304,145 303,965 825 415 410 320 160 160 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 16,885 8,390 8,490
Parents in one-parent families 52,170 11,500 40,665 35 10 20 10 5 10 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 2,575 690 1,880
Children6 400,375 211,435 188,940 760 425 335 225 115 105 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 13,775 7,410 6,370
In a two-parent family 319,875 167,975 151,905 710 395 310 200 105 100 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 9,660 5,180 4,485
In a one-parent family 80,495 43,460 37,035 55 30 20 20 10 5 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 4,115 2,235 1,880
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 231,120 115,080 116,040 55 25 30 35 20 15 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 7,145 3,945 3,200
Living alone 132,690 62,770 69,920 15 10 10 30 15 10 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 3,985 2,160 1,825
Living with other relatives7 34,850 14,875 19,980 25 10 20 0 0 0 927,345 393,085 534,260 1,335 685 645
Living with non-relatives only 63,575 37,435 26,140 15 5 5 5 0 5 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 1,830 1,100 725
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 445 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 302,280 ... ... 385 ... ... 170 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 8,990 ... ...
Couple-family households 262,950 ... ... 365 ... ... 155 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 7,230 ... ...
With children6 147,735 ... ... 325 ... ... 100 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 4,310 ... ...
Without children 115,220 ... ... 40 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 2,920 ... ...
One-parent-family households 39,325 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 1,765 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 17,040 ... ... 25 ... ... 0 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 630 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 4,035 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 120 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 18,975 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 700 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 27,275 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 780 ... ...
One-person households 132,690 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 3,980 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 1,180 605 585 450 230 220 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 31,915 16,125 15,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,003,515 495,570 507,940 1,080 555 520 420 215 205 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 31,745 16,040 15,705
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,400 50,800 39,600 72,000 103,000 52,800 60,000 77,000 50,400 41,200 46,400 36,800 56,800 58,800 55,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,004,015 495,845 508,175 1,080 555 520 420 215 205 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 31,745 16,040 15,700
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 44,800 36,000 62,400 86,000 46,800 52,400 65,500 44,000 36,800 40,800 33,600 51,200 52,000 50,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 909,585 457,190 452,395 1,020 535 485 405 205 190 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 27,470 13,940 13,530
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 48,400 32,800 74,000 109,000 50,000 54,000 69,000 42,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 60,400 63,600 57,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 761,365 391,230 370,130 870 465 400 315 170 150 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 25,555 13,070 12,485
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,400 49,600 35,600 78,500 108,000 53,200 59,600 79,000 46,800 37,200 43,200 32,000 60,400 63,200 58,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 880,900 428,430 452,470 805 435 370 350 175 175 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 31,670 16,000 15,665
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,500 5,640 9,000 2,000 1,110 5,120 7,200 6,120 7,750 9,800 8,500 11,000 2,860 1,660 4,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 115,990 54,710 61,280 75 35 40 35 20 15 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 3,115 1,635 1,480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,800 5,760 5,880 6,400 6,280 6,600 6,240 x x 5,720 5,760 5,720 6,280 6,280 6,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 326,795 158,290 168,500 300 150 155 75 40 40 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 9,030 4,685 4,345
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,500 8,000 9,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 7,250 6,000 7,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 10,000 10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 1,210 585 625 460 230 230 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 31,915 16,125 15,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,175 495,345 507,830 1,080 535 545 440 225 210 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 31,735 16,025 15,710
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 64,600 76,500 53,050 111,600 157,000 66,800 85,600 104,000 65,500 54,450 62,650 46,560 69,400 72,900 65,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,685 495,595 508,095 1,080 535 545 440 225 210 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 31,735 16,025 15,710
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,500 60,400 44,760 83,200 112,800 54,000 69,600 84,000 54,400 44,920 50,320 39,680 58,300 60,300 56,250
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 909,780 457,395 452,390 1,010 500 510 420 210 210 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 27,435 13,865 13,570
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 61,600 74,500 48,520 114,600 163,000 66,400 81,200 103,000 59,200 50,240 59,500 41,000 69,900 74,900 64,900
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 761,230 391,465 369,765 855 445 410 340 180 160 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 25,555 13,020 12,535
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 60,450 71,900 48,320 116,400 161,000 67,600 76,800 94,000 56,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 68,800 73,000 64,500
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 879,935 427,945 451,995 760 385 375 360 190 170 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 31,665 15,985 15,680
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,010 8,920 11,050 6,300 5,920 6,680 9,320 9,700 8,900 11,170 10,180 12,060 8,970 8,100 9,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 115,600 54,695 60,905 45 20 20 55 25 30 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 3,105 1,585 1,525
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,060 6,620 7,460 8,800 11,000 7,200 6,800 8,500 4,800 7,050 6,710 7,370 8,100 7,430 8,790
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 325,765 158,290 167,480 280 130 155 90 45 50 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 9,175 4,795 4,380
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,350 9,260 9,440 9,600 9,600 9,600 9,800 11,200 8,400 8,920 8,740 9,100 9,790 9,680 9,910
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 1,210 585 625 465 235 230 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 31,915 16,130 15,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 356,230 200,300 155,925 485 300 185 165 105 65 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 13,805 7,140 6,660
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 72,500 79,000 65,500 140,000 182,000 106,000 104,000 156,000 60,000 63,600 69,000 58,000 94,000 98,000 90,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 93,600 105,800 77,800 180,000 218,000 116,000 122,000 146,000 80,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 96,700 100,200 92,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 309,535 144,060 165,475 300 110 195 135 45 85 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 7,695 3,835 3,855
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 20,400 23,000 18,600 19,800 19,800 15,700 32,400 18,000 32,400 18,400 21,000 16,600 25,800 28,600 23,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,600 39,360 28,560 35,200 44,000 30,000 39,500 33,000 44,000 29,160 33,960 24,860 39,520 43,320 35,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 86.4 90.0 81.4 96.0 97.0 93.0 91.0 92.0 90.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 87.2 89.0 85.0
Employment income (%)19 71.0 74.2 66.4 82.8 86.0 76.0 69.5 72.0 64.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 79.8 81.4 78.0
Government transfers (%)20 13.6 10.1 18.6 4.0 2.7 6.9 9.0 7.8 11.0 17.8 13.7 23.1 12.9 11.1 14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.3 0.3 0.4 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.2 4.2 6.6 2.4 1.5 4.4 2.6 2.2 3.2 5.4 4.5 6.6 4.5 4.2 4.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 3.9 5.9 2.2 1.5 4.0 2.3 2.2 2.8 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.1 4.0 4.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 1,185 600 580 450 230 220 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 31,915 16,125 15,790
Without total income 52,710 25,610 27,100 100 45 60 30 10 15 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 170 85 85
With total income 1,003,510 495,570 507,940 1,080 560 525 420 215 205 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 31,745 16,040 15,700
Under $10,000 (including loss) 88,650 37,295 51,350 155 65 90 25 10 15 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 3,340 1,725 1,620
$10,000 to $19,999 95,485 40,550 54,935 70 35 35 25 10 15 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 2,420 1,215 1,210
$20,000 to $29,999 150,395 67,505 82,885 95 40 50 45 20 25 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 3,400 1,715 1,685
$30,000 to $39,999 120,085 52,190 67,895 80 25 50 35 15 20 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 2,860 1,340 1,525
$40,000 to $49,999 102,800 47,405 55,400 50 20 30 40 15 30 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 2,410 1,155 1,255
$50,000 to $59,999 84,010 40,150 43,855 40 15 30 40 15 20 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 2,045 980 1,065
$60,000 to $69,999 69,945 34,995 34,950 45 20 25 25 15 10 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 1,755 850 910
$70,000 to $79,999 56,175 29,855 26,315 35 15 25 20 15 10 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 1,895 915 980
$80,000 to $89,999 43,630 24,315 19,315 40 20 20 10 5 5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 1,625 730 890
$90,000 to $99,999 36,520 20,230 16,285 40 20 20 30 15 10 965,950 553,435 412,510 1,560 730 830
$100,000 and over 155,825 101,065 54,765 430 280 150 120 80 40 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 8,425 4,695 3,730
$100,000 to $149,999 90,875 54,255 36,615 145 75 70 50 35 20 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 6,065 3,170 2,895
$150,000 and over 64,950 46,810 18,145 290 205 80 65 50 20 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 2,355 1,525 835
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 1,185 600 580 450 230 220 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 31,915 16,125 15,790
Without after-tax income 52,205 25,340 26,860 100 45 60 30 10 15 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 170 85 85
With after-tax income 1,004,020 495,845 508,175 1,080 560 525 420 215 205 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 31,740 16,040 15,705
Under $10,000 (including loss) 92,205 38,635 53,565 160 70 90 25 10 20 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 3,400 1,745 1,650
$10,000 to $19,999 99,660 42,515 57,150 75 35 40 30 15 15 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 2,490 1,255 1,235
$20,000 to $29,999 170,545 76,940 93,605 105 50 55 50 20 25 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 3,680 1,860 1,825
$30,000 to $39,999 139,800 62,515 77,285 85 30 50 45 20 25 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 3,270 1,575 1,690
$40,000 to $49,999 119,345 56,570 62,770 55 20 35 50 20 30 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 2,735 1,300 1,435
$50,000 to $59,999 94,265 46,850 47,410 55 25 35 30 15 15 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 2,480 1,215 1,265
$60,000 to $69,999 71,155 37,840 33,320 55 20 35 35 15 15 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 2,355 1,110 1,245
$70,000 to $79,999 52,530 29,120 23,415 45 20 30 20 15 10 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 2,115 960 1,150
$80,000 to $89,999 41,555 22,700 18,850 60 30 30 20 10 10 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 2,050 995 1,055
$90,000 to $99,999 28,220 16,610 11,610 35 20 20 20 15 5 643,700 402,325 241,380 1,975 1,025 945
$100,000 and over 94,730 65,540 29,195 350 245 105 90 65 25 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5,195 2,990 2,200
$100,000 to $124,999 39,250 25,260 13,985 85 50 35 35 25 10 792,455 530,970 261,490 3,255 1,725 1,525
$125,000 and over 55,485 40,285 15,205 260 195 70 55 35 15 804,335 578,645 225,695 1,940 1,265 680
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 1,185 600 580 450 230 220 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 31,915 16,125 15,790
Without employment income 294,855 129,955 164,905 315 135 180 135 60 70 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 6,360 3,060 3,305
With employment income 761,365 391,235 370,135 865 465 400 315 165 145 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 25,555 13,065 12,485
Under $5,000 (including loss) 93,565 43,905 49,665 85 40 50 45 25 20 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 2,800 1,380 1,425
$5,000 to $9,999 61,265 26,265 35,000 60 30 30 15 5 5 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 1,585 785 805
$10,000 to $19,999 84,600 37,635 46,965 75 35 40 25 10 15 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 2,235 1,065 1,170
$20,000 to $29,999 65,430 30,260 35,170 35 15 20 15 5 10 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 1,740 855 885
$30,000 to $39,999 62,020 29,540 32,480 55 15 35 30 10 20 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 1,500 820 685
$40,000 to $49,999 60,110 29,420 30,685 25 10 20 15 10 10 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 1,380 715 660
$50,000 to $59,999 56,160 27,655 28,505 45 20 25 15 5 15 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 1,460 730 735
$60,000 to $69,999 50,010 25,670 24,345 25 10 15 15 10 10 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 1,410 675 730
$70,000 to $79,999 40,770 22,575 18,195 30 15 20 10 0 5 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 1,375 610 765
$80,000 to $89,999 33,160 18,845 14,315 30 20 15 10 5 10 929,490 539,395 390,095 1,425 650 775
$90,000 to $99,999 29,855 16,295 13,560 35 15 20 20 15 10 760,035 439,505 320,530 1,370 675 700
$100,000 and over 124,415 83,170 41,245 365 245 120 100 70 30 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 7,270 4,115 3,155
$100,000 to $124,999 49,530 29,135 20,400 75 35 35 35 15 15 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 3,280 1,690 1,590
$125,000 and over 74,880 54,035 20,845 295 205 85 65 50 20 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 3,990 2,425 1,560
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 1,180 605 585 450 230 220 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 31,915 16,125 15,790
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,505 483,190 497,310 1,040 535 505 415 210 205 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 30,310 15,265 15,045
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,600 51,200 37,600 77,000 117,000 56,000 64,000 81,000 49,600 39,200 45,200 34,000 55,200 59,200 52,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,815 483,265 497,550 1,040 535 505 420 210 205 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 30,310 15,265 15,045
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,200 44,800 34,400 65,000 94,000 49,600 54,800 67,500 44,400 35,200 40,000 31,200 49,600 52,000 47,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 897,540 451,120 446,420 990 515 475 405 205 200 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 27,470 13,935 13,535
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,200 51,200 36,000 82,000 123,000 56,000 60,400 79,000 43,200 36,800 44,000 30,800 57,600 62,800 53,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 762,840 391,880 370,965 870 465 405 315 160 150 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 25,815 13,180 12,635
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,400 51,600 38,000 81,000 119,000 55,200 66,000 85,000 56,800 38,000 44,400 32,800 57,200 61,600 53,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 833,025 405,905 427,120 730 390 340 340 175 165 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 27,855 13,900 13,955
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 1,140 950 2,740 890 890 1,010 2,460 1,010 4,200 4,240 1,960 6,450 1,220 1,080 2,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 70,610 32,260 38,350 60 15 45 25 10 15 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 2,920 1,475 1,440
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,600 5,840 7,300 7,000 x 11,600 9,700 x x 5,720 5,560 5,960 7,600 7,450 7,700
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 1,210 585 625 460 230 230 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 31,915 16,125 15,785
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,005 482,985 497,015 1,010 510 505 435 225 210 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 30,320 15,245 15,070
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,200 77,400 51,450 121,800 177,000 66,400 85,600 112,000 57,600 52,350 61,250 43,800 67,800 72,600 62,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,295 483,045 497,250 1,010 510 505 435 225 210 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 30,320 15,245 15,070
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,800 60,800 43,040 89,200 125,200 53,000 68,400 87,000 48,400 42,920 49,000 37,160 56,750 59,850 53,650
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 897,990 451,595 446,395 960 485 475 425 215 210 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 27,460 13,875 13,590
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,500 78,300 50,560 125,800 183,000 67,200 82,800 111,000 53,200 51,040 60,800 41,320 68,400 74,300 62,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 762,865 392,125 370,740 825 420 405 350 190 160 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 25,830 13,145 12,685
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 63,450 75,800 50,440 119,400 171,000 65,600 81,600 102,000 56,000 50,560 58,800 41,800 66,500 71,700 61,100
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 833,205 406,035 427,170 675 380 295 345 175 170 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 27,875 13,845 14,030
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,005 4,932 7,020 3,210 1,790 5,000 6,440 6,120 6,800 7,950 6,990 8,800 6,285 5,460 7,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 70,185 31,980 38,210 75 25 55 35 0 25 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 2,885 1,460 1,425
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,230 7,210 9,090 11,200 5,600 13,600 12,000 ... 11,000 7,560 6,880 8,210 9,160 8,780 9,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 1,210 585 625 465 235 230 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 31,915 16,130 15,790
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 352,800 198,465 154,335 470 290 180 165 105 65 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 13,670 7,025 6,645
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 69,500 76,500 62,400 136,000 192,000 94,000 111,000 152,000 86,000 60,000 66,000 53,600 90,000 95,000 85,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 91,200 104,000 74,800 169,000 214,000 100,000 126,000 152,000 84,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 91,000 96,300 85,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 292,225 136,270 155,955 265 95 170 130 55 80 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 7,400 3,730 3,670
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,800 32,400 26,000 22,200 20,200 30,200 39,600 45,200 39,600 24,200 28,000 21,800 29,000 34,000 25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 43,240 51,500 36,040 58,800 86,000 44,000 49,000 60,000 42,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 44,520 49,120 39,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 92.0 94.6 88.2 98.4 99.0 96.0 94.0 96.0 90.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 91.4 93.2 89.4
Employment income (%) 77.0 79.6 73.2 80.0 80.0 78.5 76.0 78.0 72.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 83.6 85.0 81.8
Government transfers (%) 7.9 5.4 11.7 1.8 0.8 4.4 6.0 4.3 9.4 12.3 8.9 16.9 8.5 6.8 10.5
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.7 0.1 2.2 1.0 x 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 502,305 ... ... 450 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 98,000 ... ... 248,000 ... ... 152,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 192,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 132,690 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 3,980 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 50,000 ... ... x ... ... 55,200 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 68,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... x ... ... 46,400 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 59,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 369,610 ... ... 430 ... ... 175 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 11,225 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 119,000 ... ... 256,000 ... ... 168,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 155,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 103,000 ... ... 194,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 133,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,210 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 277,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 144,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 104,900 ... ... 207,000 ... ... 146,000 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 121,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 132,725 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 3,985 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 67,900 ... ... ... ... ... 100,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 78,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 55,300 ... ... x ... ... 76,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 65,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 369,575 ... ... 425 ... ... 185 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 11,220 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 151,000 ... ... 276,000 ... ... 190,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 168,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 122,700 ... ... 206,000 ... ... 155,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 141,800 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 502,305 ... ... 450 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,210 ... ...
Under $5,000 5,975 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 110 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,895 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 75 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 3,930 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 90 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,410 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 155 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 14,160 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 290 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 14,505 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 380 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 12,430 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 340 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 14,120 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 305 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 15,160 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 370 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 15,195 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 315 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 30,875 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 645 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 31,950 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 600 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 31,405 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 670 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 29,885 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 655 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 28,640 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 680 ... ...
$100,000 and over 245,760 ... ... 380 ... ... 150 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 9,530 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 61,565 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 1,770 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 47,245 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 1,585 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 61,440 ... ... 60 ... ... 40 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 2,440 ... ...
$200,000 and over 75,515 ... ... 270 ... ... 65 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 3,735 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 502,305 ... ... 450 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,210 ... ...
Under $5,000 6,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 115 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,985 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 70 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 90 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 160 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 15,290 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 300 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 16,415 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 395 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 14,475 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 375 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 16,635 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 355 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 18,230 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 385 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 18,030 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 335 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 37,875 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 805 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 38,390 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 790 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 36,910 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 800 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 35,205 ... ... 15 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 900 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 31,690 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 890 ... ...
$100,000 and over 203,605 ... ... 370 ... ... 140 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 8,445 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 64,210 ... ... 35 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 2,065 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 45,680 ... ... 45 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 1,655 ... ...
$150,000 and over 93,720 ... ... 290 ... ... 85 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 4,725 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 350,080 ... ... 430 ... ... 175 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 10,690 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 118,000 ... ... 256,000 ... ... 168,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 151,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 194,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 130,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 119,715 ... ... 40 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 3,075 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 170,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 152,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 127,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 129,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 170,690 ... ... 350 ... ... 105 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 5,015 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 142,000 ... ... 272,000 ... ... 198,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 188,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,000 ... ... 208,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 158,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 47,790 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 2,190 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,500 ... ... 115,000 ... ... x ... ... 70,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... 103,000 ... ... x ... ... 64,000 ... ... 81,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 196,265 100,210 96,060 30 15 15 35 20 15 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 5,815 3,260 2,555
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 44,000 45,200 43,200 49,200 x x 49,200 x x 38,400 40,000 36,800 64,000 59,600 68,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,600 40,000 38,800 47,600 x x 42,800 x x 34,800 36,000 33,600 56,000 53,600 59,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 350,020 ... ... 420 ... ... 185 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 10,680 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 151,600 ... ... 275,000 ... ... 190,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 166,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 122,800 ... ... 205,000 ... ... 155,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 139,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 119,860 ... ... 45 ... ... 65 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 3,065 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 140,800 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 167,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 113,200 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 170,590 ... ... 345 ... ... 110 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 5,010 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 178,600 ... ... 306,000 ... ... 220,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 195,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 143,200 ... ... 225,000 ... ... 176,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 163,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 47,630 ... ... 25 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 2,165 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 89,200 ... ... 90,000 ... ... ... ... ... 82,300 ... ... 99,500 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 77,600 ... ... 80,000 ... ... x ... ... 71,800 ... ... 87,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 196,265 100,075 96,185 15 0 15 25 15 15 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 5,815 3,235 2,580
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 59,850 61,150 58,550 200,000 ... 100,000 95,000 140,000 45,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 74,000 73,200 75,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 49,480 50,080 48,880 160,000 ... 90,000 68,000 100,000 32,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 62,200 61,400 63,250
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 1,675 875 805 590 295 295 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 40,375 20,435 19,940
0 to 17 years 279,980 143,740 136,235 600 325 275 165 80 90 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 10,020 5,135 4,890
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 160 85 80 50 20 30 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 3,430 1,770 1,655
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,605 424,880 1,020 515 505 325 160 160 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 26,505 13,300 13,210
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 55 30 30 105 55 45 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 3,850 2,000 1,850
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 115,560 55,845 59,720 75 40 35 10 5 5 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 2,905 1,475 1,435
0 to 17 years 30,045 15,495 14,550 25 15 10 0 0 0 854,565 439,490 415,075 1,045 555 495
0 to 5 years 9,980 5,085 4,895 5 5 5 0 0 0 282,315 144,250 138,065 420 230 190
18 to 64 years 68,060 33,225 34,835 45 25 20 5 5 0 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 1,525 760 770
65 years and over 17,455 7,120 10,335 5 0 0 0 0 0 985,745 391,695 594,050 340 160 175
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.0 8.7 9.2 4.2 4.4 4.0 1.2 x 1.6 11.1 10.5 11.6 7.2 7.2 7.2
0 to 17 years (%) 10.7 10.8 10.7 4.0 4.5 4.0 x x x 11.9 11.9 11.9 10.4 10.8 10.0
0 to 5 years (%) 11.1 11.0 11.1 5.0 x 8.0 x x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.2 13.0 11.3
18 to 64 years (%) 8.1 7.9 8.2 4.2 4.4 3.6 1.6 x x 9.7 9.4 9.9 5.8 5.7 5.8
65 years and over (%) 10.4 9.0 11.7 x x x x x x 15.0 12.7 16.9 8.7 8.1 9.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 1,680 875 800 595 295 295 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 0 0 0
0 to 17 years 279,975 143,740 136,235 600 330 270 165 80 85 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 0 0 0
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 165 80 80 50 15 30 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 0 0 0
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,610 424,880 1,020 520 500 320 160 160 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 0 0 0
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 60 30 30 100 55 50 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 0 0 0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 74,755 38,790 35,970 50 30 20 5 0 5 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 0 0 0
0 to 17 years 16,260 8,345 7,910 10 10 0 0 0 0 319,545 164,490 155,060 0 0 0
0 to 5 years 5,165 2,630 2,530 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,435 50,875 48,560 0 0 0
18 to 64 years 52,615 27,685 24,930 30 15 15 5 0 0 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 0 0 0
65 years and over 5,885 2,755 3,135 5 0 0 0 0 0 199,155 83,010 116,145 0 0 0
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 5.8 6.0 5.5 2.9 3.4 2.4 0.8 x x 5.2 5.4 5.0 x x x
0 to 17 years (%) 5.8 5.8 5.8 2.4 3.2 1.6 x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 x x x
0 to 5 years (%) 5.7 5.7 5.8 x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 x x x
18 to 64 years (%) 6.2 6.6 5.9 3.0 3.6 2.4 x x x 6.0 6.4 5.7 x x x
65 years and over (%) 3.5 3.5 3.5 x x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 x x x
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 1,675 875 805 590 295 300 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 40,375 20,435 19,945
In bottom half of the distribution 567,165 277,385 289,775 260 125 130 110 50 55 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 12,265 6,215 6,050
In bottom decile 107,675 54,440 53,230 55 30 25 10 0 10 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 2,520 1,325 1,195
In second decile 113,610 53,540 60,065 50 20 30 10 5 0 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 2,565 1,255 1,305
In third decile 112,705 54,705 58,005 55 25 30 25 10 15 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 2,345 1,200 1,140
In fourth decile 115,075 56,390 58,690 35 20 15 30 15 15 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 2,520 1,270 1,255
In fifth decile 118,100 58,310 59,790 60 30 30 35 15 20 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 2,320 1,170 1,150
In top half of the distribution 724,605 364,770 359,830 1,415 750 670 485 245 240 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 28,115 14,215 13,895
In sixth decile 122,380 60,845 61,535 65 40 30 40 20 20 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 2,940 1,485 1,460
In seventh decile 125,895 62,890 63,005 105 50 55 75 35 40 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 3,475 1,765 1,710
In eighth decile 132,170 66,300 65,865 145 80 65 80 40 40 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 4,235 2,085 2,150
In ninth decile 145,410 73,125 72,290 235 115 115 80 40 40 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 6,615 3,355 3,265
In top decile 198,750 101,615 97,135 870 470 400 205 105 100 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10,845 5,525 5,320
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,291,770 ... ... 1,680 ... ... 595 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 40,380 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.376 ... ... 0.384 ... ... 0.298 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.318 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.471 ... ... 0.414 ... ... 0.352 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.407 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.327 ... ... 0.329 ... ... 0.256 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.287 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.1 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 1,680 875 800 595 295 295 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 40,545 20,530 20,015
English only 1,177,415 591,385 586,025 1,505 790 720 535 265 265 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 35,940 18,440 17,500
French only 825 350 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 100 55 50
English and French 85,355 39,160 46,200 150 75 70 60 30 30 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 4,295 1,940 2,360
Neither English nor French 32,520 13,125 19,395 25 10 15 0 0 0 689,725 284,170 405,555 210 100 110
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 1,680 875 800 595 295 295 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 40,545 20,530 20,015
English 1,240,980 619,695 621,280 1,620 850 775 580 290 295 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 39,055 19,770 19,290
French 16,810 8,335 8,480 15 5 5 10 5 0 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 1,135 585 550
English and French 6,620 3,275 3,345 15 5 5 0 0 0 476,175 237,635 238,535 155 80 70
Neither English nor French 31,705 12,710 18,995 25 10 15 0 0 0 673,100 275,685 397,420 200 95 105
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 1,680 875 800 595 295 295 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 40,545 20,530 20,015
Single responses 1,229,455 611,620 617,835 1,600 830 770 585 290 290 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 38,850 19,725 19,120
Official languages 846,405 428,260 418,145 1,050 555 495 550 275 270 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 31,925 16,345 15,575
English 830,305 420,265 410,040 1,035 550 490 535 270 270 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 30,795 15,760 15,035
French 16,100 7,990 8,105 10 5 5 10 5 0 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 1,130 585 545
Non-official languages 383,050 183,360 199,690 545 275 270 35 15 20 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 6,925 3,380 3,545
Indigenous languages39 580 240 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 148,895 71,630 77,265 3,705 1,830 1,880
Algonquian languages 415 165 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,125 46,545 50,580 105 40 65
Blackfoot 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 67,665 32,715 34,950 95 35 55
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0 0 0
Cree languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,070 25,645 27,430 95 35 55
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 300 280 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 5 0 5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 20 10 10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,850 1,370 1,480 5 0 10
Cree, n.o.s. 125 45 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,535 18,810 19,725 55 25 30
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 310 315 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 55 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,775 10,230 11,550 15 5 5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 865 400 460 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 45 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 15 5 5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 235 235 15 5 5
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 50 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 3,140 1,605 1,535
Northern Athabaskan languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 3,140 1,605 1,535
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 5 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 415 200 220
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 95 40 50
Slavey-Hare languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 1,280 660 620
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 280 140 140
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 120 150 240 105 130
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 760 410 350
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 1,350 705 640
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,790 16,480 17,315 450 170 270
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 285 110 175
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 100 40 60
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 185 75 110
Inuktitut 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,240 16,955 160 60 100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 5 5 0
Iroquoian languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 150 205 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Mohawk 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 115 155 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 0 0 0
Michif 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 10 5 5
Salish languages 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Siouan languages 80 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 0 0 0
Dakota 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 0 0 0
Stoney 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 155 170 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 382,470 183,120 199,345 545 275 270 35 15 20 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 3,220 1,550 1,670
Afro-Asiatic languages 34,290 17,610 16,680 40 20 20 0 0 0 698,355 359,625 338,730 280 170 115
Berber languages 125 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,490 14,715 12,775 10 10 0
Kabyle 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0 0 0
Tamazight 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,340 1,365 975 10 5 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 225 170 0 0 0
Chadic languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,985 1,085 905 0 0 0
Hausa 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 740 570 0 0 0
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 340 335 0 0 0
Coptic 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 510 505 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,410 23,275 26,135 50 30 20
Bilen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,020 1,085 935 0 0 0
Oromo 1,370 685 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0 0 0
Somali 1,600 795 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,730 18,775 21,955 50 30 20
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 25 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 400 350 0 0 0
Semitic languages 30,935 15,925 15,005 40 20 20 0 0 0 618,450 320,045 298,405 220 130 90
Amharic 4,460 2,140 2,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,685 12,090 13,600 30 15 15
Arabic 20,395 10,695 9,705 40 20 20 0 0 0 508,410 265,350 243,060 145 85 55
Aramaic languages 635 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 325 160 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,600 805 795 0 0 0
Harari 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 550 675 0 0 0
Hebrew 455 225 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,495 10,505 8,995 5 5 0
Maltese 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0 0 0
Tigrigna 4,890 2,510 2,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,075 15,775 15,300 50 25 20
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 235 220 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 13,755 6,180 7,575 5 0 0 0 0 0 192,985 87,230 105,750 170 75 95
Khmer (Cambodian) 795 365 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0 0 0
Vietnamese 12,855 5,750 7,100 5 0 0 0 0 0 173,000 78,180 94,820 165 75 95
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 110 60 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 230 225 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 51,040 22,530 28,505 15 5 10 5 0 0 565,375 238,875 326,500 1,010 415 590
Bikol 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,115 940 1,180 5 5 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 865 370 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,215 3,425 4,790 20 10 15
Cebuano 1,840 815 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,945 7,800 11,145 60 15 45
Fijian 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 955 405 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,690 3,900 5,795 30 15 15
Ilocano 3,435 1,545 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,520 14,140 19,380 65 25 35
Indonesian 665 270 395 5 0 5 0 0 0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0 0 0
Kankanaey 190 80 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,100 465 640 0 0 0
Kinaray-a 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 990 1,090 0 0 0
Merina 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 580 670 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 415 425 0 0 0
Malay 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 570 760 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 460 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,615 2,635 2,980 10 0 5
Pangasinan 195 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,050 900 1,150 5 0 5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 41,375 18,235 23,135 10 5 5 5 0 0 461,150 194,805 266,345 790 330 460
Waray-Waray 155 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 690 935 5 0 5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 420 180 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,740 2,035 2,705 5 0 5
Creole languages 560 275 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,235 35,650 42,580 15 10 10
Haitian Creole 165 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 315 290 0 0 0
Krio 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 435 5 0 0
Morisyen 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,125 3,015 3,110 5 0 0
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 280 300 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 145 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,550 7,325 8,230 10 5 5
Creole languages, n.i.e. 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 6,430 3,300 3,125 10 5 5 0 0 0 244,165 125,180 118,990 110 60 45
Kannada 355 180 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0 0 0
Malayalam 2,655 1,335 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,050 29,375 24,670 55 30 25
Tamil 2,095 1,095 1,000 10 5 5 0 0 0 152,850 75,010 77,845 30 15 10
Telugu 1,255 660 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,045 17,095 12,950 25 15 10
Tulu 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 310 305 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 170 195 0 0 0
Georgian 120 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 305 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 182,725 89,715 93,015 195 95 100 25 5 15 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 1,050 550 495
Albanian 1,330 695 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,265 14,690 14,580 5 0 0
Armenian 260 135 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,720 16,335 17,385 35 15 20
Balto-Slavic languages 27,355 12,635 14,725 30 10 15 15 5 5 648,810 297,100 351,710 160 75 85
Baltic languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0 0 0
Latvian 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0 0 0
Lithuanian 270 130 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0 0 0
Slavic languages 26,925 12,430 14,490 30 10 15 15 5 5 638,250 292,670 345,580 160 75 80
Belarusian 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 325 395 0 0 0
Bulgarian 785 395 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,035 9,090 9,950 10 10 0
Czech 1,190 545 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,025 9,215 10,815 5 0 0
Macedonian 135 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,795 7,075 7,720 10 10 5
Polish 6,845 3,190 3,650 5 5 5 0 0 0 160,170 72,120 88,050 35 20 20
Russian 9,460 4,205 5,255 15 5 10 5 0 5 197,905 89,100 108,800 35 15 25
Rusyn 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 240 255 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 4,440 2,150 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,735 56,900 59,835 20 15 5
Bosnian 780 380 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,820 6,785 7,040 5 5 0
Croatian 1,755 830 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,500 20,755 22,740 5 5 0
Serbian 1,830 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,425 28,410 29,015 10 5 5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,995 945 1,045 0 0 0
Slovak 940 465 475 5 0 0 0 0 0 15,255 6,930 8,320 20 5 15
Slovene (Slovenian) 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,965 3,425 4,535 5 0 0
Ukrainian 2,900 1,315 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 84,705 38,005 46,695 20 5 15
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 235 205 0 0 0
Celtic languages 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 1,110 1,045 5 5 0
Irish 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 355 315 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 210 0 0 0
Welsh 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 410 420 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 135 95 0 0 0
Germanic languages 12,360 5,935 6,430 0 0 0 15 5 5 463,400 221,365 242,035 220 115 105
Frisian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 800 775 0 0 0
High German languages 7,370 3,450 3,915 0 0 0 5 0 5 301,570 142,580 158,990 120 70 50
German 7,100 3,315 3,790 0 0 0 5 0 5 272,865 128,250 144,615 110 65 50
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0 0 0
Swiss German 210 105 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,575 3,740 3,835 10 0 5
Yiddish 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,940 1,950 1,990 0 0 0 5 0 0 138,655 67,815 70,840 85 40 45
Afrikaans 905 445 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,270 6,175 6,095 25 10 15
Dutch 2,750 1,370 1,375 0 0 0 5 0 0 80,315 39,000 41,310 45 25 25
Low German, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0 0 0
Low Saxon 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 625 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 180 75 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,410 16,785 10 5 5
Vlaams (Flemish) 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 1,000 495 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,275 9,500 10,775 15 5 10
Danish 560 295 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0 5 0
Icelandic 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 430 480 0 0 5
Norwegian 165 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,535 1,675 1,860 5 0 5
Swedish 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,890 2,645 3,245 5 0 5
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 670 660 0 0 0
Greek 1,385 640 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,335 45,860 47,470 10 5 0
Indo-Iranian languages 98,325 49,490 48,840 95 45 45 0 0 0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 440 245 195
Indo-Aryan languages 85,530 43,050 42,485 50 25 25 0 0 0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 420 235 185
Assamese 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Bengali 4,350 2,175 2,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,580 45,160 42,425 75 35 35
Gujarati 6,290 3,245 3,045 10 0 5 0 0 0 138,985 73,335 65,655 25 15 10
Hindi 7,905 3,990 3,920 25 15 15 0 0 0 152,825 79,585 73,240 60 35 30
Kacchi 1,030 455 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0 0 0
Kashmiri 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 745 395 350 0 0 0
Konkani 160 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0 0 0
Marathi 980 495 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0 0 0
Nepali 2,195 1,135 1,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,425 11,920 11,510 25 15 15
Oriya languages 95 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,775 940 835 0 0 0
Odia 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,125 615 510 0 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 325 320 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 43,685 21,975 21,710 5 5 5 0 0 0 666,585 341,515 325,065 135 85 55
Rohingya 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Sindhi 285 150 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 960 475 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,000 8,895 9,110 5 0 5
Urdu 16,835 8,445 8,390 5 5 5 0 0 0 235,290 118,540 116,755 75 35 40
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 625 330 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,865 2,085 1,780 5 5 5
Iranian languages 12,760 6,425 6,335 45 20 20 0 0 0 300,555 150,160 150,390 25 10 10
Baluchi 50 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 305 250 0 0 0
Kurdish 1,055 515 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0 0 0
Parsi 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 240 0 0 0
Pashto 1,960 1,000 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0 0 0
Persian languages 9,625 4,835 4,780 45 20 20 0 0 0 262,625 130,180 132,440 25 10 10
Dari 2,800 1,400 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0 0 0
Iranian Persian 5,565 2,800 2,765 40 20 20 0 0 0 179,425 89,070 90,360 10 5 10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,255 635 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,975 13,040 12,930 10 5 10
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 425 390 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 165 140 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 41,550 20,105 21,450 70 35 35 0 0 0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 180 85 95
Catalan 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 470 440 0 0 0
Italian 4,100 2,060 2,040 10 10 5 0 0 0 319,505 154,295 165,205 35 25 10
Portuguese 4,065 1,935 2,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 240,680 115,235 125,450 10 0 10
Romanian 4,155 2,045 2,115 5 5 0 0 0 0 93,160 44,185 48,975 15 10 5
Spanish 29,175 14,035 15,135 55 25 25 0 0 0 538,870 259,500 279,375 115 45 65
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 610 550 5 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 195 185 0 0 0
Japanese 2,195 735 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,850 14,205 29,650 65 20 45
Korean 10,205 4,705 5,510 55 30 25 0 0 0 170,400 77,075 93,325 50 20 30
Mongolian 450 200 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 800 1,050 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 5,870 2,945 2,920 15 10 5 0 0 0 108,295 52,850 55,440 145 80 65
Akan (Twi) 620 315 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,120 6,400 6,720 10 5 5
Bamanankan 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,855 1,000 860 0 0 0
Edo 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,685 745 940 0 0 0
Éwé 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 1,030 920 5 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0 0 0
Ga 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 400 415 0 0 0
Ganda 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,890 885 1,010 15 10 5
Gikuyu 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 320 440 0 0 0
Igbo 730 380 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 2,720 2,460 5 5 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0 0 0
Lingala 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0 0 0
Luba-Kasai 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 245 275 0 0 0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 260 260 0 0 0
Mwani 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 365 325 5 0 0
Ndebele 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 420 500 15 5 10
Rundi (Kirundi) 140 60 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0 0 0
Shona 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,605 1,665 1,940 40 15 25
Soninke 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 315 190 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 200 320 0 0 0
Swahili 725 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,000 7,630 8,370 10 5 0
Wojenaka 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 0 0 0
Wolof 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0 0 0
Yoruba 1,685 880 805 10 5 5 0 0 0 15,015 7,605 7,410 10 10 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 700 335 360 5 0 0 0 0 0 13,000 6,405 6,590 25 15 10
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,270 640 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,920 3,565 3,355 5 5 0
Dinka 535 295 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 1,000 865 0 0 0
Nuer 375 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 305 155 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,395 1,745 1,645 5 0 0
African, n.o.s. 55 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 575 305 270 0 0 0
Sign languages 230 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,955 3,710 3,250 5 5 0
American Sign Language 185 100 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0 0 0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 990 520 465 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 555 450 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 67,255 31,260 36,000 185 90 95 10 5 5 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 275 135 145
Chinese languages 65,980 30,640 35,335 185 90 95 10 5 5 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 275 130 140
Hakka 280 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0 0 0
Mandarin 31,270 14,465 16,810 135 65 75 0 0 0 679,255 310,750 368,510 105 55 55
Min Dong 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 665 645 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,205 515 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,805 12,415 15,390 10 0 5
Wu (Shanghainese) 250 125 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0 5 0
Yue (Cantonese) 32,065 14,990 17,075 50 30 20 5 0 0 553,380 255,540 297,835 145 65 75
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 380 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,610 5,500 6,110 10 5 5
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 295 330 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,235 600 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,600 8,160 8,445 5 0 0
Burmese 255 120 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0 0 0
Kuki-Chin languages 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 475 0 0 0
Karenic languages 220 110 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 55 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 305 315 0 0 0
Tibetan 635 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 445 440 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 285 295 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,070 390 685 10 5 5 0 0 0 22,350 8,605 13,745 5 0 5
Lao 415 195 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0 0 0
Thai 620 175 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,455 2,960 7,495 5 0 5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 165 240 0 0 0
Turkic languages 1,870 1,000 865 5 5 0 0 0 0 53,520 28,385 25,135 10 5 5
Azerbaijani 240 135 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0 0 0
Kazakh 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 540 230 305 0 0 0
Turkish 1,340 730 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,190 23,615 20,570 5 5 5
Uyghur 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 660 690 0 0 0
Uzbek 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,805 890 920 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 530 620 0 0 0
Uralic languages 3,070 1,415 1,655 5 0 0 0 0 0 68,180 31,000 37,180 30 15 15
Estonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0 0 0
Finnish 240 85 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,200 5,075 7,120 10 0 5
Hungarian 2,765 1,300 1,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,500 23,980 27,525 20 10 5
Other languages, n.i.e. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,060 540 520 0 0 0
Multiple responses 66,660 32,400 34,265 75 45 35 5 5 5 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 1,695 810 890
English and French 5,245 2,530 2,715 5 5 5 5 5 5 291,325 142,420 148,905 300 140 160
English and non-official language(s) 53,970 26,410 27,560 65 35 30 5 0 0 921,480 450,685 470,800 1,255 600 655
French and non-official language(s) 1,145 565 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,910 57,875 60,040 25 15 10
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,015 465 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,880 25,900 26,975 20 10 15
Multiple non-official languages 5,295 2,430 2,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,095 42,330 49,765 95 40 50
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 1,680 875 800 595 295 295 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 40,545 20,530 20,015
English 858,205 432,905 425,300 1,055 555 500 550 275 275 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 31,950 16,280 15,670
French 3,800 1,885 1,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 440 215 220
Non-official language 119,530 56,930 62,595 165 80 80 5 5 5 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 1,845 985 860
Indigenous39 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,460 25,385 25,080 1,085 595 485
Non-Indigenous 119,485 56,915 62,570 165 80 80 5 5 5 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 755 385 370
English and French 12,035 5,650 6,380 20 10 15 15 10 5 953,760 465,560 488,205 875 415 460
English and non-official language(s) 283,170 137,555 145,610 415 215 200 20 10 10 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 5,190 2,515 2,675
French and non-official language(s) 525 235 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 395,320 188,195 207,125 15 5 5
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,990 3,275 3,715 15 5 10 0 0 0 455,760 217,995 237,770 135 70 65
Multiple non-official languages 11,860 5,575 6,290 10 5 0 0 0 0 200,320 93,165 107,155 95 45 55
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 1,680 875 800 595 295 295 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 40,545 20,530 20,015
Single responses 1,226,245 609,935 616,315 1,595 835 760 585 295 290 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 39,305 19,915 19,390
Official languages 983,495 492,440 491,055 1,255 660 595 575 290 290 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 35,960 18,170 17,785
English 977,675 489,585 488,090 1,255 660 595 575 290 285 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 35,345 17,875 17,470
French 5,820 2,860 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 615 300 315
Non-official languages 242,750 117,500 125,255 340 170 170 10 0 5 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 3,345 1,740 1,600
Indigenous languages39 105 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,835 42,950 42,885 1,665 905 760
Algonquian languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,135 25,010 25,120 15 5 10
Blackfoot 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,255 19,165 19,090 10 5 10
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0
Cree languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,700 13,425 13,270 10 5 10
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 360 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 5 0 5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 430 405 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,585 10,400 10,180 5 5 5
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 70 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 1,565 855 705
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 1,565 855 705
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 170 90 80
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 25 10 15
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 390 315 620 345 275
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 130 75 60
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 105 55 55
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 220 175 385 215 165
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 750 415 335
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,295 13,695 13,600 90 40 50
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 70 30 35
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 25 10 15
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 40 20 20
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,140 13,625 13,520 20 5 10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 0 0 0
Salish languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 0 0 0
Stoney 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 242,650 117,455 125,195 340 170 170 10 0 5 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 1,680 835 840
Afro-Asiatic languages 21,960 10,980 10,975 35 15 15 0 0 0 395,840 197,010 198,830 200 125 80
Berber languages 45 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0 0 0
Kabyle 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0 0 0
Tamazight 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 455 380 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 155 130 0 0 0
Chadic languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 425 410 0 0 0
Hausa 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 330 305 0 0 0
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 95 105 0 0 0
Coptic 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 2,135 1,040 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,375 14,115 16,260 40 25 15
Bilen 130 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,645 890 760 0 0 0
Oromo 995 495 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0 0 0
Somali 1,010 470 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,410 11,075 13,335 40 25 15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 215 205 0 0 0
Semitic languages 19,740 9,895 9,845 35 15 15 0 0 0 352,790 176,270 176,520 160 90 70
Amharic 2,800 1,320 1,485 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,030 6,470 7,565 20 10 10
Arabic 12,395 6,275 6,120 35 15 15 0 0 0 285,915 143,650 142,260 90 55 40
Aramaic languages 485 230 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 250 120 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 150 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 605 615 0 0 0
Harari 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 305 380 0 0 0
Hebrew 235 115 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0 0 0
Maltese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 360 435 0 0 0
Tigrigna 3,765 1,920 1,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,860 11,050 10,810 50 35 15
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 135 115 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 9,355 4,270 5,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 127,730 58,660 69,070 115 55 60
Khmer (Cambodian) 430 190 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0 0 0
Vietnamese 8,840 4,030 4,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,785 53,735 63,055 115 55 60
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 135 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 32,480 15,230 17,250 5 0 0 5 0 0 326,245 149,550 176,700 555 260 300
Bikol 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 370 395 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 470 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,125 1,895 2,230 10 5 5
Cebuano 1,090 530 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,195 4,720 5,480 30 10 20
Fijian 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 520 250 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,265 2,750 10 5 10
Ilocano 2,135 990 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,350 8,350 10,000 35 20 15
Indonesian 225 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0 0 0
Kankanaey 110 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 265 320 0 0 0
Kinaray-a 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 150 170 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 370 355 0 0 0
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 165 170 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 205 190 0 0 0
Malay 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 145 140 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 240 120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0 0 0
Pangasinan 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 310 375 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 27,210 12,710 14,500 0 0 0 5 0 0 275,045 125,870 149,170 465 210 245
Waray-Waray 70 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 325 360 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0 0 0
Creole languages 325 155 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,195 15,455 19,740 10 5 10
Haitian Creole 115 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 125 175 0 0 0
Krio 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 150 210 0 0 0
Morisyen 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0 0 0
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 135 160 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,120 3,275 3,845 5 0 5
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 395 475 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 4,160 2,085 2,080 5 5 5 0 0 0 169,705 85,265 84,440 70 30 35
Kannada 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0 0 0
Malayalam 1,785 890 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,390 19,010 16,380 40 20 25
Tamil 1,395 710 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,335 54,240 58,095 10 10 5
Telugu 760 375 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,470 10,215 8,250 20 10 5
Tulu 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 120 120 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 105 0 0 0
Georgian 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,335 730 610 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 112,245 55,440 56,805 115 60 60 0 0 0 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 450 240 205
Albanian 610 325 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0 0 0
Armenian 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,970 10,415 11,550 15 10 10
Balto-Slavic languages 12,980 6,225 6,760 20 10 10 0 0 0 303,480 143,495 159,985 40 20 20
Baltic languages 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0 0 0
Latvian 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 395 485 0 0 0
Lithuanian 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 720 895 0 0 0
Slavic languages 12,790 6,130 6,660 20 10 10 0 0 0 300,985 142,375 158,610 40 20 20
Belarusian 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 115 0 0 0
Bulgarian 360 175 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,315 5,005 5,310 5 0 5
Czech 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0 0 0
Macedonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0 0 0
Polish 2,795 1,345 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,140 30,225 34,915 10 5 5
Russian 6,055 2,880 3,170 20 10 5 0 0 0 125,780 59,290 66,490 15 10 10
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,860 905 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0 0 0
Bosnian 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0 0 0
Croatian 650 300 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0 0 0
Serbian 895 440 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 315 325 0 0 0
Slovak 350 165 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,410 2,605 10 5 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,375 595 785 0 0 0
Ukrainian 905 435 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0 0 0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 0 0 0
Celtic languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 295 265 0 0 0
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 165 145 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 55 0 0 0
Welsh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 0 0 0
Germanic languages 1,535 735 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,450 68,575 71,875 30 15 20
Frisian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 110 155 0 0 0
High German languages 665 320 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 103,780 50,460 53,325 5 5 5
German 640 305 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,820 41,815 45,005 10 5 5
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,750 870 875 0 0 0
Yiddish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 725 345 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,710 16,730 16,980 20 5 10
Afrikaans 435 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,095 3,055 3,035 10 5 5
Dutch 275 125 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0 0 0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 120 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 130 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 920 1,020 5 0 5
Danish 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 280 340 0 0 0
Icelandic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 95 0 0 0
Norwegian 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 125 135 0 0 0
Swedish 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 435 450 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 355 390 0 0 0
Greek 430 185 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages 73,220 36,630 36,595 55 25 25 0 0 0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 305 175 130
Indo-Aryan languages 64,720 32,425 32,290 25 10 10 0 0 0 962,820 490,815 472,000 285 165 120
Assamese 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 110 110 0 0 0
Bengali 2,905 1,420 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,750 28,435 28,315 65 30 30
Gujarati 4,045 2,085 1,960 0 5 5 0 0 0 92,005 47,790 44,215 20 10 10
Hindi 5,165 2,605 2,565 10 10 5 0 0 0 91,930 47,555 44,375 35 20 20
Kacchi 565 235 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0 0 0
Kashmiri 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 0 0 0
Konkani 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 415 470 0 0 0
Marathi 565 285 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0 0 0
Nepali 1,565 805 765 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,835 8,595 8,235 15 5 5
Oriya languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 420 375 0 0 0
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 275 250 0 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 130 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 36,445 18,325 18,120 5 0 5 0 0 0 520,390 266,775 253,610 120 85 35
Rohingya 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 215 0 0 0
Sindhi 165 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 520 255 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0 0 0
Urdu 12,250 6,075 6,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 158,040 78,420 79,615 25 10 15
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 340 165 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,015 1,040 975 0 0 5
Iranian languages 8,490 4,190 4,295 25 10 15 0 0 0 204,420 99,545 104,875 15 10 5
Baluchi 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 155 0 0 0
Kurdish 735 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0 0 0
Parsi 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 130 150 0 0 0
Pashto 1,215 625 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0 0 0
Persian languages 6,470 3,185 3,285 25 10 15 0 0 0 179,745 87,075 92,670 15 10 5
Dari 1,710 830 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0 0 0
Iranian Persian 3,900 1,930 1,975 25 10 15 0 0 0 125,840 61,060 64,780 10 5 5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 860 430 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,620 9,095 10 5 5
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 250 225 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 70 55 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 23,265 11,255 12,015 45 25 20 0 0 0 577,735 273,965 303,770 50 25 30
Catalan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 185 190 0 0 0
Italian 945 425 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,755 38,750 54,005 5 5 5
Portuguese 2,220 1,090 1,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0 0 0
Romanian 1,980 980 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0 0 0
Spanish 18,095 8,740 9,360 40 20 20 0 0 0 317,365 155,005 162,360 45 20 25
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 220 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 95 95 0 0 0
Japanese 1,075 455 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,055 8,290 11,765 35 15 20
Korean 7,740 3,650 4,090 40 25 20 0 0 0 125,525 58,250 67,275 25 10 20
Mongolian 305 135 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 505 545 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 2,045 965 1,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,600 18,055 20,545 35 15 20
Akan (Twi) 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0 0 0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 280 280 0 0 0
Edo 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 150 215 0 0 0
Éwé 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 225 245 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 665 650 0 0 0
Ga 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 115 150 0 0 0
Ganda 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 260 295 0 0 0
Gikuyu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0
Igbo 195 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 770 765 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0 0 0
Lingala 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,520 655 860 0 0 0
Luba-Kasai 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 60 0 0 0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 0 0 0
Mwani 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 0 0 0
Ndebele 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 130 160 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0 0 0
Shona 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 480 555 10 5 10
Soninke 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 145 85 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 45 85 0 0 0
Swahili 275 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0 0 0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 130 160 0 0 0
Wolof 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,945 1,040 910 0 0 0
Yoruba 615 290 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,505 2,890 5 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 150 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 700 350 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0 0 0
Dinka 325 185 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 485 420 0 0 0
Nuer 255 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 355 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,465 705 760 0 0 0
African, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 70 0 0 0
Sign languages 380 210 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,160 7,005 5,160 5 10 0
American Sign Language 295 160 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,175 4,660 3,515 10 5 0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 830 645 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 47,145 22,180 24,965 120 55 65 5 0 0 967,965 450,210 517,755 165 80 85
Chinese languages 46,220 21,715 24,505 120 55 65 5 0 0 955,685 444,115 511,565 165 80 85
Hakka 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0 0 0
Mandarin 23,495 11,210 12,290 95 45 50 0 0 0 530,945 249,675 281,270 75 40 40
Min Dong 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 370 405 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 460 185 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,945 6,255 7,685 5 0 5
Wu (Shanghainese) 150 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 21,510 9,980 11,530 20 10 15 5 0 0 393,430 180,000 213,435 75 35 40
Chinese, n.o.s. 500 230 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,985 3,360 3,625 5 5 5
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 110 115 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 910 460 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0 0 0
Burmese 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0 0 0
Kuki-Chin languages 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 0 0 0
Karenic languages 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 125 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 210 0 0 0
Tibetan 485 250 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 225 240 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 135 155 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0 0 0
Lao 175 80 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0 0 0
Thai 240 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 85 125 0 0 0
Turkic languages 1,135 580 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,490 16,530 15,960 5 5 5
Azerbaijani 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0 0 0
Kazakh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 50 0 0 0
Turkish 910 470 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,970 14,290 13,685 5 5 5
Uyghur 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 420 435 0 0 0
Uzbek 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 470 480 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 210 0 0 0
Uralic languages 1,065 505 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0 0 0
Estonian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 245 370 0 0 0
Finnish 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 825 1,050 0 0 0
Hungarian 1,025 490 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 195 0 0 0
Multiple responses 69,870 34,085 35,785 80 40 40 5 5 0 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 1,245 620 625
English and French 2,485 1,205 1,285 10 5 10 0 5 0 230,955 112,070 118,880 190 80 105
English and non-official language(s) 64,950 31,765 33,190 75 40 35 0 0 0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 1,020 520 500
French and non-official language(s) 240 105 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,525 60,405 65,125 5 10 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 640 290 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,805 27,370 29,430 10 5 5
Multiple non-official languages 1,550 715 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,705 12,190 14,515 15 5 15
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,296,115 644,020 652,100 1,675 875 800 590 295 295 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 40,545 20,530 20,015
None 1,038,845 519,700 519,145 1,285 680 610 560 280 280 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 35,335 18,035 17,305
English 97,335 47,975 49,365 155 80 75 5 0 5 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 1,420 710 715
French 9,450 4,360 5,090 15 10 10 10 5 5 571,040 268,530 302,510 545 265 285
Non-official language 116,850 55,575 61,275 180 95 85 15 10 10 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 2,825 1,315 1,510
Indigenous39 600 265 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,565 29,285 34,280 1,730 820 915
Non-Indigenous 116,250 55,305 60,945 180 95 85 15 10 10 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 1,100 500 600
English and French 1,235 595 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,185 42,600 43,585 20 10 10
English and non-official language(s) 15,885 7,880 8,005 15 5 5 0 0 0 323,845 161,995 161,850 145 75 70
French and non-official language(s) 3,285 1,535 1,755 10 0 5 0 0 0 134,565 61,575 72,995 75 40 35
English, French and non-official language(s) 190 105 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 13,040 6,300 6,735 15 5 10 0 0 0 234,905 115,470 119,430 170 80 85
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 1,680 880 800 595 280 320 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 40,380 20,435 19,945
Official languages 1,259,370 628,960 630,410 1,640 860 780 595 280 320 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 40,160 20,345 19,815
English 1,258,480 628,565 629,915 1,640 860 780 595 280 320 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 40,000 20,265 19,730
French 86,135 39,155 46,980 185 90 95 45 20 20 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 4,445 2,040 2,400
Non-official languages 518,025 249,240 268,785 770 385 375 40 15 25 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 10,165 4,900 5,260
Indigenous languages39 1,600 630 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 243,155 116,360 126,795 5,380 2,610 2,775
Algonquian languages 1,045 395 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,815 78,135 85,675 240 105 140
Blackfoot 460 180 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,850 50,975 54,870 205 85 120
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0 0 0
Cree languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,875 42,340 45,530 205 85 120
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 220 65 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 70 25 45
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 15 0 10
Cree, n.o.s. 235 105 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,000 29,930 31,070 115 50 60
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 525 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,865 20,015 22,850 50 20 30
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 895 1,060 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,160 11,930 14,235 45 20 35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,035 875 1,165 30 15 15
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 80 135 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 55 10 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,720 9,495 11,225 15 10 10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,390 9,635 10,755 4,440 2,220 2,220
Northern Athabaskan languages 215 85 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,135 9,515 10,620 4,440 2,220 2,220
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 10 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 600 285 310
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 170 70 95
Slavey-Hare languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,330 1,140 1,190 1,750 890 860
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 455 225 230
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 350 165 185
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,210 620 590 970 525 450
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 2,050 1,035 1,010
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 0 0 0
Tlingit 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,795 20,980 21,820 705 295 420
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 505 215 290
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 205 90 115
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 305 130 175
Inuktitut 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,680 20,495 21,185 215 75 135
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 10 0 10
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 880 1,175 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,605 655 950 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 0 0 0
Michif 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 10 0 0
Salish languages 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0 0 10
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 10 0 10
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 0 0 0
Siouan languages 215 115 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0 0 0
Assiniboine 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 0 0 0
Dakota 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 0 0 0
Stoney 170 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 40 20 20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 405 450 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 516,570 248,665 267,905 770 385 375 40 15 25 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 4,830 2,320 2,515
Afro-Asiatic languages 52,310 27,045 25,265 95 45 50 0 0 0 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 540 325 205
Berber languages 275 175 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,835 22,775 20,060 40 35 10
Kabyle 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0 0 0
Tamazight 80 60 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,735 2,720 2,015 45 30 10
Berber languages, n.i.e. 25 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 750 575 0 0 0
Chadic languages 350 215 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0 0 0
Hausa 340 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0 0 0
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 1,040 965 0 0 0
Coptic 85 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 4,685 2,455 2,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,930 34,430 37,500 65 50 15
Bilen 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0 0 0
Oromo 2,085 1,115 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0 0 0
Somali 2,420 1,260 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,005 27,735 31,270 65 55 15
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,400 760 645 0 0 0
Semitic languages 48,400 24,960 23,435 90 45 45 0 0 0 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 450 260 185
Amharic 8,360 4,130 4,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,305 23,910 24,395 50 30 20
Arabic 33,325 17,480 15,845 90 45 45 0 0 0 838,045 436,510 401,540 310 200 110
Aramaic languages 820 480 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 345 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0 0 0
Harari 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 0 0 0
Hebrew 1,975 1,000 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,205 42,515 40,685 10 0 10
Maltese 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0 0 0
Tigrigna 7,570 3,870 3,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,970 23,120 22,845 100 45 50
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 125 90 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,760 1,065 695 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 19,430 8,935 10,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 260,030 120,035 139,995 255 110 140
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,135 540 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,390 13,100 15,290 10 0 0
Vietnamese 18,090 8,270 9,820 0 0 0 0 0 0 232,800 107,435 125,355 250 110 140
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 270 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 455 455 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 70,310 31,065 39,240 45 15 25 0 0 0 793,275 336,445 456,840 1,300 540 755
Bikol 505 265 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,065 475 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,990 4,625 6,375 40 10 25
Cebuano 3,285 1,510 1,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,045 13,790 19,250 85 25 60
Fijian 90 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 1,265 525 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,385 6,650 9,735 20 10 10
Ilocano 6,395 2,785 3,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,680 25,280 36,400 120 60 65
Indonesian 1,175 545 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,815 8,895 10,915 15 10 10
Kankanaey 250 105 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,175 0 0 0
Kinaray-a 85 50 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 345 510 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0 0 0
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,565 785 780 0 0 0
Malay 780 350 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,130 490 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 4,690 5,865 25 15 10
Pangasinan 460 235 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 66,715 29,420 37,300 25 10 15 0 0 0 737,565 310,735 426,830 1,255 520 730
Waray-Waray 390 190 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 1,910 2,610 10 0 10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,700 770 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,140 8,785 11,355 55 20 35
Creole languages 1,915 975 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,840 85,045 99,790 65 35 30
Haitian Creole 540 285 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 135 55 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0 0 0
Krio 125 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 870 1,090 25 10 10
Morisyen 355 170 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,345 7,620 7,725 10 0 10
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,535 785 750 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 475 275 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,220 14,400 16,825 15 10 10
Creole languages, n.i.e. 470 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,585 4,575 5,005 10 10 0
Dravidian languages 10,080 5,160 4,920 20 10 10 0 0 0 359,485 185,160 174,325 145 70 70
Kannada 1,075 550 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0 0 0
Malayalam 3,775 1,935 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,910 42,025 35,890 95 50 45
Tamil 4,200 2,140 2,055 20 10 10 0 0 0 237,890 119,570 118,320 80 40 40
Telugu 2,335 1,220 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0 0 0
Tulu 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 935 835 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 450 520 0 0 0
Georgian 220 120 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 365 360 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 257,340 126,440 130,900 315 155 160 25 10 15 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 1,885 925 960
Albanian 1,825 990 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0 0 0
Armenian 460 265 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,500 21,675 22,825 45 25 15
Balto-Slavic languages 34,205 16,055 18,150 75 45 30 0 0 0 820,305 384,390 435,915 255 125 130
Baltic languages 485 220 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,890 5,900 7,985 10 10 0
Latvian 155 65 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0 0 0
Lithuanian 330 155 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,895 3,325 4,570 10 10 0
Slavic languages 33,920 15,935 17,985 75 45 30 0 0 0 809,985 380,025 429,960 250 120 130
Belarusian 85 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0 0 0
Bulgarian 985 445 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,210 11,805 12,400 20 15 10
Czech 1,940 970 970 25 10 0 0 0 0 28,625 13,595 15,030 10 0 0
Macedonian 290 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,015 10,965 12,050 10 0 10
Polish 8,485 4,025 4,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,460 94,135 110,325 35 25 15
Russian 14,155 6,685 7,470 50 30 20 0 0 0 309,235 145,375 163,860 105 50 50
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 345 330 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 6,010 2,820 3,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,775 76,800 78,975 25 20 0
Bosnian 1,560 745 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,380 12,555 12,825 10 0 10
Croatian 3,010 1,400 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,845 36,015 37,830 10 10 0
Serbian 2,905 1,385 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,735 41,550 42,185 15 10 10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0 0 0
Slovak 1,295 590 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,905 9,455 11,450 30 0 20
Slovene (Slovenian) 280 115 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,715 5,935 10 0 10
Ukrainian 4,265 1,890 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 131,655 59,230 72,425 30 10 20
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0
Celtic languages 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0 0 0
Irish 205 125 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 85 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0 0 0
Welsh 135 80 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 495 415 0 0 0
Germanic languages 21,235 10,295 10,935 25 10 20 0 0 0 658,705 319,800 338,905 435 220 220
Frisian 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0 0 0
High German languages 14,220 6,860 7,360 15 0 15 0 0 0 453,995 222,215 231,780 270 145 125
German 13,950 6,720 7,235 15 0 15 0 0 0 419,195 204,840 214,355 265 145 120
Pennsylvania German 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0 0 0
Swiss German 350 165 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0 10 10
Yiddish 110 65 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5,870 2,990 2,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 191,840 93,435 98,405 160 60 100
Afrikaans 1,785 960 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,670 15,335 14,335 80 35 45
Dutch 3,780 1,890 1,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 107,985 51,330 56,650 75 25 50
Low German, n.o.s. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 230 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 1,920 895 1,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,500 17,205 20,300 45 25 10
Danish 940 480 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,700 6,805 7,900 10 10 0
Icelandic 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 685 790 10 10 0
Norwegian 380 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,180 4,675 10 0 0
Swedish 630 275 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,620 6,765 7,855 20 15 15
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 0 0 0
Greek 2,155 1,065 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,060 71,685 73,375 15 10 10
Indo-Iranian languages 132,795 67,155 65,640 135 65 70 0 0 0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 635 330 305
Indo-Aryan languages 118,560 60,020 58,540 65 35 35 0 0 0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 600 310 285
Assamese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 590 565 0 0 0
Bengali 6,005 3,015 2,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,605 62,330 58,270 160 80 90
Gujarati 10,800 5,485 5,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0 10 0
Hindi 42,160 21,290 20,875 45 20 25 0 0 0 761,425 395,410 366,015 250 135 120
Kacchi 2,245 985 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0 0 0
Kashmiri 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 965 865 0 0 0
Konkani 425 200 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0 0 0
Marathi 2,245 1,150 1,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,230 18,210 17,020 10 10 0
Nepali 2,880 1,485 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,660 15,680 14,980 15 10 10
Oriya languages 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0 0 0
Odia 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,710 925 785 0 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 755 795 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 61,205 31,170 30,030 10 0 0 0 0 0 942,170 488,075 454,090 175 85 90
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 345 420 0 0 0
Sindhi 630 360 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,330 640 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,050 16,645 16,400 10 10 0
Urdu 29,980 15,280 14,705 25 15 0 0 0 0 414,870 211,895 202,975 140 70 70
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1,355 730 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,320 6,280 5,040 20 0 0
Iranian languages 16,480 8,290 8,195 70 30 35 0 0 0 370,520 186,750 183,770 40 20 20
Baluchi 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 565 420 0 0 0
Kurdish 1,360 690 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0 0 0
Parsi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 535 470 0 0 0
Pashto 2,930 1,485 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0 0 0
Persian languages 12,595 6,355 6,230 70 30 35 0 0 0 326,285 163,665 162,620 35 20 15
Dari 4,430 2,165 2,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0 0 0
Iranian Persian 6,735 3,460 3,275 70 30 35 0 0 0 222,160 111,750 110,415 30 15 10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,605 835 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0 0 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 970 855 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,245 895 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 71,550 34,010 37,540 100 50 50 15 10 10 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 610 285 325
Catalan 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0 0 0
Italian 8,730 4,240 4,490 25 15 10 0 0 0 547,655 263,950 283,705 90 35 55
Portuguese 6,170 3,070 3,100 15 0 10 0 0 0 336,865 164,985 171,880 30 10 20
Romanian 5,390 2,695 2,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,520 55,570 60,950 15 10 0
Spanish 54,235 25,520 28,715 90 45 50 15 10 10 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 505 240 270
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 120 75 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 145 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,965 1,025 940 0 0 0
Japanese 4,845 2,125 2,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,070 43,380 54,690 120 40 75
Korean 11,695 5,490 6,205 75 40 25 0 0 0 203,885 92,275 111,605 75 20 50
Mongolian 640 300 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 16,975 8,610 8,365 65 30 35 0 0 0 267,520 131,495 136,025 250 145 110
Akan (Twi) 1,270 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,240 12,585 13,660 10 10 0
Bamanankan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0 0 0
Edo 310 165 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0 0 0
Éwé 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,645 2,490 2,165 10 10 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 170 110 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0 0 0
Ga 275 140 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0 0 0
Ganda 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,650 2,055 2,600 25 15 10
Gikuyu 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 750 1,100 0 0 0
Igbo 2,800 1,465 1,335 15 0 0 0 0 0 18,365 9,345 9,020 25 30 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 295 140 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0 0 0
Lingala 395 185 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0 0 0
Luba-Kasai 75 25 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0 0 0
Mòoré 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0 0 0
Mwani 255 140 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,080 585 490 0 0 0
Ndebele 125 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,140 1,285 30 10 20
Rundi (Kirundi) 145 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0 0 0
Shona 580 270 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,280 3,440 3,845 80 35 50
Soninke 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 650 360 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 580 725 0 0 0
Swahili 3,220 1,700 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0 10 0
Wojenaka 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0 0 0
Wolof 230 130 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0 0 0
Yoruba 5,915 2,900 3,015 40 20 20 0 0 0 50,935 25,265 25,675 15 10 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,355 1,175 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,625 21,935 21,685 65 35 25
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,815 925 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0 0 0
Dinka 815 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0 0 0
Nuer 440 200 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 575 300 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0 0 0
African, n.o.s. 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,760 1,485 1,275 10 10 0
Sign languages 1,775 630 1,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,535 19,685 29,850 30 15 15
American Sign Language 1,495 515 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,620 14,430 23,195 25 15 20
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 335 155 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 81,025 38,350 42,680 155 75 80 0 0 0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 320 160 155
Chinese languages 79,265 37,475 41,795 155 75 80 0 0 0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 310 155 150
Hakka 390 160 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0 0 0
Mandarin 45,330 21,095 24,235 115 55 60 0 0 0 987,300 452,995 534,305 170 95 80
Min Dong 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,825 840 980 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,295 1,000 1,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,755 22,840 28,920 15 10 10
Wu (Shanghainese) 335 140 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 42,090 19,730 22,350 70 35 35 0 0 0 724,925 335,185 389,740 170 75 90
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 395 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,720 5,695 6,020 15 10 10
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,185 560 625 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,785 885 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0 0 10
Burmese 495 245 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,935 2,910 3,025 10 0 0
Kuki-Chin languages 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 0 0 0
Karenic languages 365 180 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 295 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 395 450 0 0 0
Tibetan 765 395 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 890 1,050 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 105 40 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 540 680 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,640 680 955 10 0 0 0 0 0 33,705 14,255 19,440 10 0 0
Lao 595 300 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0 0 0
Thai 1,160 445 710 10 0 0 0 0 0 18,575 6,955 11,615 10 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 330 465 0 0 0
Turkic languages 3,420 1,785 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,375 47,575 43,800 25 10 10
Azerbaijani 550 285 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0 0 0
Kazakh 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 600 815 0 0 0
Turkish 2,530 1,425 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,500 41,130 37,365 25 10 10
Uyghur 110 30 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,660 790 875 0 0 0
Uzbek 180 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 105 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 980 1,165 0 0 0
Uralic languages 3,760 1,750 2,010 25 15 10 0 0 0 85,055 39,290 45,765 40 30 10
Estonian 125 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0 0 0
Finnish 360 170 190 25 15 10 0 0 0 15,325 6,735 8,590 10 0 10
Hungarian 3,290 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,625 30,320 34,300 30 25 10
Other languages, n.i.e. 485 275 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,545 2,750 2,790 10 10 0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 1,680 880 800 595 275 315 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 40,380 20,435 19,945
Indigenous identity45 41,350 19,270 22,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 20,035 9,950 10,090
Single Indigenous responses46 39,720 18,515 21,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 19,360 9,620 9,740
First Nations (North American Indian) 18,440 8,300 10,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 12,315 6,025 6,290
Métis 20,855 9,990 10,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 624,220 306,220 318,000 2,890 1,550 1,340
Inuk (Inuit) 430 220 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,540 34,645 35,895 4,150 2,045 2,110
Multiple Indigenous responses47 865 385 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,855 13,645 15,215 405 190 215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 765 365 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,225 16,620 18,610 270 140 135
Non-Indigenous identity 1,250,420 622,865 627,555 1,680 880 800 595 275 315 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 20,345 10,485 9,860
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 1,680 880 800 595 275 315 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 40,380 20,435 19,945
Registered or Treaty Indian49 14,405 6,575 7,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 831,720 402,310 429,405 12,550 6,165 6,390
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,277,370 635,560 641,810 1,680 880 800 595 275 315 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 27,830 14,270 13,560
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
Owner 345,690 ... ... 410 ... ... 205 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 8,140 ... ...
Renter 156,615 ... ... 25 ... ... 10 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 7,020 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 50 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
Condominium 124,190 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 1,545 ... ...
Not condominium 378,115 ... ... 425 ... ... 210 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 13,670 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
No bedrooms 2,920 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 140 ... ...
1 bedroom 59,385 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 2,185 ... ...
2 bedrooms 116,625 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 3,760 ... ...
3 bedrooms 167,895 ... ... 85 ... ... 50 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 6,215 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 155,480 ... ... 350 ... ... 160 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 2,915 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 153,485 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 5,565 ... ...
5 rooms 78,585 ... ... 35 ... ... 10 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 3,485 ... ...
6 rooms 69,385 ... ... 50 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 2,325 ... ...
7 rooms 59,530 ... ... 45 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 1,560 ... ...
8 or more rooms 141,320 ... ... 290 ... ... 165 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 2,270 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.1 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 486,420 ... ... 430 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 14,385 ... ...
More than one person per room 15,885 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 820 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
Suitable 476,790 ... ... 430 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 13,615 ... ...
Not suitable 25,515 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 1,590 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
1960 or before 43,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 630 ... ...
1961 to 1980 133,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 205 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 4,485 ... ...
1981 to 1990 59,780 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 3,360 ... ...
1991 to 2000 75,685 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 3,060 ... ...
2001 to 2005 50,390 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 1,270 ... ...
2006 to 2010 47,665 ... ... 80 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 740 ... ...
2011 to 2015 45,850 ... ... 290 ... ... 0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 895 ... ...
2016 to 202157 46,045 ... ... 65 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 770 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 479,525 ... ... 435 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 12,405 ... ...
Major repairs needed 22,780 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 2,800 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
One-maintainer household 242,815 ... ... 175 ... ... 70 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 7,615 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 228,860 ... ... 245 ... ... 135 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 6,480 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,630 ... ... 15 ... ... 0 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 1,110 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
15 to 24 years 13,825 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 480 ... ...
25 to 34 years 83,280 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 2,750 ... ...
35 to 44 years 110,705 ... ... 145 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 3,125 ... ...
45 to 54 years 100,130 ... ... 175 ... ... 40 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 3,035 ... ...
55 to 64 years 93,305 ... ... 80 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 3,240 ... ...
65 to 74 years 62,865 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 1,795 ... ...
75 to 84 years 27,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 685 ... ...
85 years and over 10,340 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 105 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 499,855 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 15,105 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 385,380 ... ... 340 ... ... 200 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 13,305 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 114,470 ... ... 95 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 1,805 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 102,665 ... ... 80 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 1,580 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 502,305 ... ... 435 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 150,520 ... ... 100 ... ... 15 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 5,445 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 103,650 ... ... 95 ... ... 15 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 1,415 ... ...
Not suitable only 19,875 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 1,130 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 14,995 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 2,180 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 4,215 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 100 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 6,360 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 260 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,170 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 335 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 30 ... ...
Acceptable housing 351,785 ... ... 340 ... ... 195 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 9,760 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 488,040 ... ... 425 ... ... 210 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 14,890 ... ...
In core need 49,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 1,955 ... ...
Not in core need 438,185 ... ... 425 ... ... 210 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 12,930 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 345,680 ... ... 410 ... ... 200 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 8,100 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 65.2 ... ... 78.0 ... ... 52.5 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 17.7 ... ... 19.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 5.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 8.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,720 ... ... 3,440 ... ... 1,620 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,740 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,774 ... ... 3,400 ... ... 1,660 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,868 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 456,000 ... ... 1,100,000 ... ... 650,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 352,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 519,500 ... ... 1,104,000 ... ... 655,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 385,200 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 156,615 ... ... 25 ... ... 0 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 7,005 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 9.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 11.7 ... ... 31.2 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 34.4 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 33.2 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
% in core housing need63 20.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 20.0 ... ... 18.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,450 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,404 ... ... 3,000 ... ... x ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,356 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 50 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 0.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 408 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 540 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 1,680 875 800 595 280 315 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 40,380 20,435 19,940
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 14,495 6,615 7,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 985,200 480,950 504,245 15,610 7,785 7,830
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 14,125 6,430 7,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 963,705 470,850 492,855 14,505 7,255 7,250
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 10,035 4,560 5,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 763,230 371,400 391,825 10,460 5,165 5,295
Métis single ancestry 3,975 1,790 2,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 146,010 72,680 73,325 1,015 615 400
Inuit single ancestry 115 75 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,475 26,770 27,700 3,030 1,470 1,555
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 370 190 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,490 10,095 11,395 1,110 535 580
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 355 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,665 8,215 9,450 395 195 200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,430 1,185 1,250 625 295 330
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 530 535 65 25 35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 25 15 10
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 34,850 16,545 18,305 20 15 10 0 0 0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 4,485 2,175 2,315
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 33,825 16,090 17,740 20 15 10 0 0 0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3,925 1,880 2,050
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 19,015 9,015 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 801,630 384,550 417,075 2,590 1,230 1,355
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 14,490 6,925 7,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 362,130 174,975 187,150 730 340 385
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 320 145 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,595 9,450 10,150 610 300 305
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 1,030 460 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,930 16,605 19,320 560 300 265
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 935 420 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,815 14,790 17,025 235 125 115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 60 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,785 1,190 1,595 260 135 125
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 40 25 10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 125 210 25 10 15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,242,425 618,970 623,455 1,655 865 790 575 260 310 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 20,285 10,475 9,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 1,680 875 805 600 280 320 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 40,375 20,435 19,945
Canadian citizens77 1,131,540 565,050 566,495 1,440 765 675 590 275 315 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 38,490 19,490 19,000
Canadian citizens aged under 18 257,900 132,670 125,230 550 320 235 150 50 100 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 9,790 4,985 4,805
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 873,645 432,380 441,265 890 450 445 435 225 215 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 28,695 14,505 14,190
Not Canadian citizens78 160,225 77,085 83,140 240 110 125 0 0 0 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 1,890 945 945
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 1,680 875 805 600 280 320 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 40,375 20,435 19,945
Non-immigrants80 834,100 420,985 413,120 970 525 445 530 260 270 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 35,820 18,175 17,645
Immigrants81 430,640 207,060 223,575 670 340 340 65 20 45 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 4,145 2,055 2,090
Before 1980 48,430 23,310 25,115 20 15 10 25 0 25 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 560 320 245
1980 to 1990 40,330 19,730 20,600 45 20 25 15 0 15 924,320 443,805 480,520 330 175 155
1991 to 2000 61,465 29,575 31,890 50 30 15 0 0 0 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 620 285 340
2001 to 2010 117,055 56,175 60,875 260 120 140 15 10 0 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 1,020 465 555
2011 to 202182 163,365 78,275 85,095 295 150 150 0 0 0 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 1,615 820 795
2011 to 2015 82,050 39,320 42,735 170 80 90 0 0 0 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 805 425 375
2016 to 2021 81,315 38,960 42,360 125 65 60 0 0 0 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 810 390 420
Non-permanent residents83 27,025 14,085 12,940 40 15 15 0 0 0 924,850 499,490 425,365 410 200 210
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 430,640 207,065 223,575 675 340 335 65 20 45 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 4,145 2,055 2,085
Under 5 years 37,050 18,960 18,090 90 60 30 10 0 10 748,265 377,795 370,470 355 220 130
5 to 14 years 71,460 37,200 34,265 120 55 65 15 0 10 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 660 390 270
15 to 24 years 74,550 34,020 40,525 75 30 40 15 0 10 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 890 440 455
25 to 44 years 204,525 97,045 107,480 325 160 170 25 15 15 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 1,870 860 1,010
45 years and over 43,060 19,840 23,220 65 35 30 0 0 0 797,180 364,260 432,920 370 150 220
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 430,640 207,065 223,575 675 340 335 65 20 45 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 4,145 2,055 2,085
Americas 44,125 20,585 23,540 70 30 35 15 0 15 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 375 165 215
Brazil 2,010 890 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,450 22,405 26,050 10 0 10
Colombia 5,865 2,710 3,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,570 36,675 43,900 15 0 15
El Salvador 2,425 1,135 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,450 24,430 25,015 15 0 10
Guyana 740 340 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,530 37,870 47,660 10 10 10
Haiti 510 295 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,945 44,585 55,360 0 0 0
Jamaica 3,135 1,475 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,360 63,430 81,925 55 25 35
Mexico 4,895 2,410 2,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 90,585 42,215 48,370 25 0 15
Peru 1,070 470 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,420 13,925 17,490 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 1,315 620 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0 0 0
United States of America 10,895 4,960 5,935 25 15 10 10 0 10 256,090 115,380 140,705 175 80 100
Other places of birth in Americas 11,260 5,275 5,985 30 15 20 0 0 0 250,760 116,305 134,460 60 35 25
Europe 68,740 34,275 34,465 110 55 60 15 0 10 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 745 420 320
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,000 960 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,925 17,705 18,220 10 0 0
Croatia 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0 0 0
France 1,265 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 121,525 63,845 57,685 50 25 25
Germany 4,685 2,155 2,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 126,470 60,560 65,915 115 65 50
Greece 865 455 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,715 27,050 27,665 10 10 0
Hungary 1,550 740 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,050 14,595 16,450 25 15 0
Italy 3,075 1,590 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,065 101,445 102,625 35 20 15
Netherlands 2,620 1,375 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,830 39,020 36,810 35 20 20
Poland 5,890 2,750 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,030 60,660 74,370 15 10 0
Portugal 990 505 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,795 62,880 65,910 10 0 10
Romania 4,025 2,030 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,770 40,820 45,955 20 15 10
Russian Federation 4,210 1,785 2,430 25 15 15 0 0 0 81,840 35,185 46,650 15 10 10
Serbia86 980 460 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,925 15,480 16,450 0 0 0
Ukraine 3,035 1,385 1,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,135 36,840 44,295 0 0 0
United Kingdom87 20,420 10,815 9,600 35 15 20 10 0 0 464,135 229,710 234,430 275 155 120
Other places of birth in Europe 11,795 6,010 5,780 25 15 10 0 0 0 271,725 131,935 139,790 120 70 55
Africa 51,610 26,045 25,560 125 60 65 10 0 10 821,735 412,365 409,375 760 440 315
Algeria 630 310 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,660 41,065 38,600 35 20 15
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 855 425 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,110 15,775 17,340 0 0 0
Egypt 3,320 1,745 1,575 25 15 0 0 0 0 73,710 38,730 34,980 10 0 0
Eritrea 4,720 2,465 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,385 16,575 14,815 50 35 20
Ethiopia 7,090 3,435 3,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,715 19,955 21,760 45 25 20
Morocco 870 445 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,775 41,085 40,685 40 15 20
Nigeria 12,450 6,340 6,110 95 40 55 0 0 0 81,290 41,665 39,620 55 40 15
Somalia 1,580 775 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,500 14,600 17,900 65 55 10
South Africa, Republic of 3,095 1,620 1,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,590 25,740 25,855 90 55 40
Other places of birth in Africa 17,005 8,480 8,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 314,995 157,170 157,825 375 205 170
Asia 262,700 124,535 138,160 365 190 175 15 0 10 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 2,210 1,010 1,195
Afghanistan 3,980 1,970 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0 0 0
Iran88 5,515 2,865 2,650 55 35 25 0 0 0 182,940 92,300 90,645 20 10 10
Iraq 3,935 1,990 1,950 30 10 15 0 0 0 84,130 42,660 41,465 0 0 0
Lebanon 4,095 2,205 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 95,725 50,675 45,055 10 0 0
Syria89 4,340 2,280 2,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,590 49,855 47,735 40 30 15
Turkey 1,085 540 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0 0 0
China90 36,245 16,615 19,625 70 25 40 0 0 0 715,835 317,970 397,860 100 45 55
Hong Kong91 10,775 5,180 5,595 45 20 25 0 0 0 213,855 100,480 113,375 45 30 20
Korea, South92 8,215 3,835 4,375 55 35 20 0 0 0 138,355 63,025 75,325 45 15 35
Taiwan 2,110 885 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,365 28,725 36,635 10 0 0
Philippines 65,430 29,000 36,430 30 15 15 0 0 0 719,580 305,115 414,460 1,175 515 665
Viet Nam 15,395 6,875 8,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,095 82,670 99,425 165 60 105
Bangladesh 3,510 1,785 1,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,090 35,675 34,415 75 35 40
India 56,510 28,275 28,240 35 25 15 0 0 0 898,050 451,120 446,930 265 160 105
Pakistan 18,375 9,305 9,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 234,105 118,390 115,715 75 35 40
Sri Lanka 1,820 900 925 10 0 0 0 0 0 136,240 66,215 70,030 10 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 21,375 10,040 11,335 30 15 15 0 0 0 375,340 175,930 199,410 160 65 95
Oceania and other places of birth93 3,470 1,630 1,840 10 10 0 10 10 0 61,965 31,055 30,910 60 20 40
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 81,315 38,960 42,360 125 65 60 0 0 0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 810 395 420
Americas 7,550 3,475 4,070 25 10 10 0 0 0 154,490 74,275 80,215 50 25 25
Brazil 840 355 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,895 9,340 10,560 0 0 0
Colombia 615 245 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0 0 0
Haiti 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0 0 0
Jamaica 475 215 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,155 7,740 7,420 20 10 15
Mexico 1,265 645 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,150 8,405 8,745 10 0 10
United States of America 2,130 1,000 1,130 15 10 10 0 0 0 39,875 19,790 20,085 0 0 10
Venezuela95 885 390 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Americas 1,245 570 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,350 15,785 17,570 10 10 0
Europe 6,505 3,340 3,170 20 15 10 0 0 0 134,425 69,310 65,120 90 60 35
France 200 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,175 14,560 12,610 30 10 15
Germany 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0 0 0
Ireland96 470 315 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,355 4,000 2,350 10 0 0
Italy 260 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0 0 0
Russian Federation 635 235 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0 0 0
Ukraine 680 295 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,515 6,570 7,945 0 0 0
United Kingdom87 1,420 805 610 20 10 10 0 0 0 22,755 13,550 9,200 10 10 10
Other places of birth in Europe 2,615 1,330 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,120 21,160 21,960 35 30 10
Africa 15,065 7,475 7,590 35 20 10 0 0 0 206,965 102,875 104,090 175 75 100
Algeria 60 15 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,745 7,530 8,220 0 0 0
Burundi 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0 0 0
Cameroon 380 170 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0 0 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 155 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0 0 0
Côte d'Ivoire 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0 0 0
Egypt 595 300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,120 6,285 5,835 10 0 0
Eritrea 2,525 1,325 1,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,330 8,755 7,575 25 0 20
Ethiopia 1,845 880 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,385 4,415 4,970 20 0 15
Morocco 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,835 6,025 6,810 0 0 0
Nigeria 5,885 2,895 2,990 20 15 10 0 0 0 40,360 20,575 19,780 10 10 0
Somalia 310 140 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,315 3,240 3,075 20 15 0
South Africa, Republic of 650 360 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,510 4,290 4,220 20 10 15
Sudan97 445 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,690 2,375 2,315 30 10 25
Tunisia 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0 0 0
Other places of birth in Africa 1,815 895 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,960 19,250 19,715 40 20 15
Asia 51,570 24,320 27,250 45 25 20 0 0 0 823,205 393,110 430,090 495 235 265
Afghanistan 845 405 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,730 6,290 6,440 0 0 0
Bangladesh 630 310 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,185 6,670 6,515 20 0 10
China90 5,520 2,410 3,115 15 10 0 0 0 0 118,035 50,365 67,665 20 10 10
Hong Kong91 310 120 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0 0 0
India 14,070 7,095 6,970 15 10 0 0 0 0 246,995 128,205 118,790 95 55 40
Iran88 865 415 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,650 12,310 13,340 0 0 0
Iraq 945 440 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,835 8,875 0 0 0
Israel 340 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0 0 0
Japan 170 25 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0 0 0
Jordan 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,635 2,375 2,260 10 10 0
Korea, South92 1,740 740 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,985 8,790 12,200 0 0 10
Lebanon 425 215 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0 0 0
Nepal 460 235 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0 0 0
Pakistan 2,315 1,130 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,255 18,070 18,190 20 10 20
Philippines 15,485 7,055 8,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 151,490 66,720 84,765 275 115 165
Saudi Arabia 265 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0 0 0
Syria89 3,070 1,630 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,130 32,725 30,410 35 25 10
Turkey 405 175 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0 0 0
United Arab Emirates 360 200 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0 0 0
Viet Nam 955 310 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,725 5,605 9,125 10 0 0
Other places of birth in Asia 2,090 885 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,410 13,035 17,375 10 0 0
Oceania and other93 620 345 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 5,335 3,825 0 10 0
Australia 435 230 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,845 2,685 0 0 0
Other places of birth98 185 115 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0 0 0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 1,680 880 800 595 280 320 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 40,380 20,435 19,945
First generation100 471,470 228,280 243,195 770 390 375 85 25 55 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 4,805 2,395 2,405
Second generation101 281,465 142,090 139,380 405 225 180 130 75 55 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 3,925 1,935 1,990
Third generation or more102 538,830 271,765 267,065 505 260 245 380 180 205 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 31,650 16,105 15,550
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 382,215 183,750 198,460 650 320 330 40 10 25 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 3,585 1,740 1,845
Economic immigrants104 215,420 108,005 107,410 530 275 250 25 0 20 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 1,920 970 950
Principal applicants105 88,050 52,955 35,090 195 155 40 10 0 10 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 890 465 430
Secondary applicants106 127,375 55,055 72,315 335 125 210 20 0 15 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 1,030 505 525
Immigrants sponsored by family107 107,140 43,925 63,210 125 40 80 10 10 0 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 1,150 440 705
Refugees108 55,735 29,885 25,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 485 315 170
Other immigrants109 3,920 1,925 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,900 42,145 49,755 30 15 15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 382,215 183,750 198,460 650 320 330 40 10 25 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 3,585 1,740 1,845
Asylum claim before admission111 13,615 7,955 5,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 416,105 222,895 193,205 135 85 45
Work permits only before admission112 46,635 20,170 26,460 75 45 30 10 10 0 705,405 324,370 381,035 710 230 480
Study permits only before admission113 9,450 4,855 4,595 30 15 10 0 0 0 183,250 92,135 91,110 125 75 50
Work and study permits before admission114 22,045 11,495 10,545 65 30 35 0 0 0 377,130 188,535 188,590 245 135 110
Other permits before admission115 1,375 605 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,540 15,685 23,855 0 0 0
No pre-admission experience116 289,095 138,665 150,425 475 225 250 25 0 15 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 2,370 1,205 1,165
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 1,680 880 800 595 280 315 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 40,380 20,435 19,945
Total visible minority population118 534,695 262,355 272,340 905 465 445 40 10 30 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 4,915 2,370 2,550
South Asian 141,660 71,810 69,845 165 95 70 0 0 0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 770 390 385
Chinese 91,410 44,315 47,095 220 110 105 0 0 0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 335 180 155
Black 70,680 35,655 35,020 180 80 95 0 0 0 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 1,060 555 500
Filipino 84,215 38,660 45,550 40 20 20 0 0 0 957,355 427,755 529,600 1,665 755 910
Arab 30,735 16,175 14,560 80 40 40 0 0 0 694,015 362,845 331,170 225 130 90
Latin American 31,855 15,340 16,520 40 15 25 0 0 0 580,235 281,030 299,200 125 40 85
Southeast Asian 26,395 12,300 14,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 390,340 184,120 206,220 305 120 180
West Asian 15,150 7,705 7,440 70 35 35 0 0 0 360,495 181,795 178,695 35 20 15
Korean 12,380 5,945 6,430 80 45 30 0 0 0 218,140 101,855 116,285 75 25 50
Japanese 5,825 2,530 3,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,890 42,315 56,575 105 45 60
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,445 2,710 2,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,885 83,310 89,580 50 25 20
Multiple visible minorities 18,955 9,210 9,745 15 10 0 0 0 0 331,805 160,790 171,010 170 75 95
Not a visible minority120 757,075 379,775 377,295 770 415 360 560 265 295 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 35,465 18,065 17,400
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 1,675 880 800 595 280 320 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 40,375 20,430 19,945
Canadian 125,490 65,430 60,065 170 105 65 40 20 20 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 3,380 1,740 1,640
English 205,980 102,400 103,575 225 125 100 205 95 110 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 5,495 2,790 2,705
Irish 153,865 74,665 79,195 115 65 50 115 60 60 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 4,720 2,410 2,310
Scottish 177,490 87,675 89,815 215 120 100 190 110 85 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 5,270 2,530 2,735
French, n.o.s.122 79,635 39,135 40,500 90 50 40 60 25 35 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 3,320 1,745 1,570
German 146,970 72,775 74,190 125 75 55 115 55 60 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 2,815 1,460 1,350
Chinese 96,180 46,325 49,860 180 95 85 0 0 0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 365 185 180
Italian 36,235 18,060 18,175 40 20 20 0 0 0 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 445 240 210
Indian (India) 71,115 35,960 35,155 130 75 60 0 0 0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 430 230 205
Ukrainian 69,030 33,640 35,390 75 40 35 60 25 30 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 1,030 560 470
Dutch 38,505 19,070 19,430 45 15 25 25 0 20 988,585 489,045 499,545 940 505 435
Polish 42,735 20,560 22,175 50 10 40 0 0 0 982,820 472,290 510,525 615 280 335
Québécois 1,580 785 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 981,635 490,130 491,510 110 65 45
British Isles, n.o.s.123 41,520 20,955 20,570 55 25 30 25 10 10 938,950 462,420 476,530 900 465 435
Filipino 79,200 36,580 42,625 35 20 15 0 0 0 925,490 414,915 510,570 1,550 690 860
French Canadian 9,130 4,545 4,590 35 15 25 20 15 10 906,315 441,610 464,705 325 135 190
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 20,860 10,850 10,005 25 15 10 20 0 10 691,260 347,080 344,175 920 465 460
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 12,415 5,805 6,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 632,340 304,220 328,120 2,920 1,440 1,485
Métis 19,805 9,345 10,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 560,335 271,985 288,350 2,520 1,350 1,170
European, n.o.s.126 22,790 11,410 11,380 45 25 25 0 0 0 551,910 278,060 273,850 605 300 305
Russian 28,470 13,255 15,215 80 40 40 0 0 0 548,140 260,075 288,065 295 140 155
Norwegian 32,675 15,535 17,140 40 20 20 20 15 0 466,500 224,290 242,210 680 370 310
Welsh 21,030 9,965 11,065 20 15 10 15 10 10 455,720 216,490 239,230 455 220 230
Portuguese 6,770 3,400 3,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 448,305 222,770 225,535 75 35 40
American 18,030 8,720 9,310 0 0 0 35 10 25 353,495 172,240 181,255 365 215 150
Spanish 17,085 7,820 9,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 342,040 160,475 181,570 180 80 100
Swedish 20,940 10,255 10,685 25 20 10 10 10 0 334,505 156,840 177,665 360 175 180
Hungarian 16,335 7,965 8,375 0 0 0 10 0 10 320,150 155,755 164,395 210 135 80
Acadian 2,935 1,520 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,170 145,500 159,675 270 125 135
Pakistani 22,800 11,565 11,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 303,260 154,435 148,825 100 55 45
African, n.o.s.127 13,470 6,635 6,830 65 35 30 0 0 0 301,955 148,335 153,625 360 185 175
Jewish 6,595 3,345 3,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 282,015 141,530 140,490 115 60 50
Punjabi 18,050 9,135 8,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,950 145,620 134,330 60 25 40
Vietnamese 21,145 9,890 11,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 275,530 131,075 144,445 255 110 145
Arab, n.o.s.128 10,585 5,620 4,965 35 20 15 0 0 0 263,710 138,210 125,500 90 55 35
Greek 5,540 2,865 2,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,140 132,975 129,160 100 40 65
Jamaican 5,860 2,915 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 249,070 119,265 129,805 75 25 45
Asian, n.o.s.129 14,510 6,955 7,555 40 20 25 0 0 0 226,220 107,785 118,435 150 60 85
Cree, n.o.s.130 5,915 2,675 3,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,855 105,825 114,030 1,350 650 695
Korean 12,445 5,920 6,525 80 50 35 0 0 0 217,650 101,805 115,845 75 25 50
Romanian 10,540 4,990 5,545 10 0 0 0 0 0 215,885 103,720 112,165 135 65 70
Lebanese 11,360 5,955 5,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 210,605 107,990 102,615 45 30 10
Iranian 6,105 3,130 2,975 65 35 30 0 0 0 200,465 100,790 99,675 15 10 10
Christian, n.i.e.131 4,815 2,325 2,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,340 99,800 100,540 90 45 45
Danish 14,575 7,305 7,270 0 0 0 20 15 10 196,945 96,220 100,725 315 160 160
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 4,225 2,020 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,840 94,035 100,810 625 285 340
Sikh 14,120 7,270 6,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,640 101,255 93,385 10 10 0
Austrian 10,255 5,080 5,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 189,535 92,740 96,800 160 80 80
Belgian 5,295 2,545 2,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,175 90,150 92,030 125 55 65
Haitian 930 475 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 178,990 84,510 94,490 25 10 15
Hindu 8,550 4,305 4,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0 0 10
Mexican 7,685 3,755 3,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,495 77,435 78,055 45 20 20
Mennonite 3,750 1,840 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,095 77,735 77,360 100 50 50
Swiss 5,765 2,795 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,570 72,015 73,555 160 100 65
Finnish 5,250 2,540 2,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,055 69,270 74,785 110 65 40
Sri Lankan 1,865 925 940 30 15 15 0 0 0 132,410 65,175 67,240 10 0 0
Croatian 5,170 2,540 2,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 130,820 64,915 65,905 25 25 0
Japanese 7,785 3,465 4,320 15 15 0 0 0 0 129,425 56,850 72,580 145 60 85
South Asian, n.o.s.133 4,655 2,305 2,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,125 60,575 59,550 60 30 30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 111,605 53,700 57,905 225 105 120
Northern European, n.o.s.135 6,340 3,050 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 110,735 54,730 56,005 205 110 100
Muslim 6,060 3,145 2,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,620 54,095 51,525 40 20 20
Egyptian 4,610 2,475 2,135 60 40 25 0 0 0 105,245 55,230 50,020 40 15 25
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 5,960 2,910 3,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 104,765 51,375 53,395 20 10 10
Tamil 1,370 710 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,170 51,165 51,005 40 20 25
Icelandic 6,025 3,195 2,830 0 0 0 25 10 20 101,990 50,370 51,620 125 80 45
Colombian 6,420 3,075 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,555 47,995 52,560 20 0 15
Moroccan 880 425 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,980 50,835 49,150 65 45 20
Czech 6,295 3,085 3,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,925 47,495 51,430 70 30 35
Syrian 4,215 2,150 2,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,250 49,385 48,865 20 0 10
Guyanese 1,210 595 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,210 46,270 50,940 20 0 15
Afghan 6,465 3,170 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0 0 0
Black, n.o.s.137 2,530 1,325 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,585 44,335 50,250 50 25 20
Serbian 3,125 1,485 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,360 46,945 46,410 15 15 0
Ojibway 1,165 595 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,220 44,610 47,600 65 30 30
Newfoundlander 1,500 795 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,670 45,665 46,005 200 125 75
Hong Konger 3,940 1,925 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,680 39,485 42,195 35 10 25
Ontarian 1,030 470 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,555 39,675 40,880 100 55 45
Persian 2,700 1,440 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,340 41,415 38,925 25 10 15
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 1,495 745 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,405 37,655 39,750 25 20 0
Turkish 2,610 1,435 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,745 39,955 36,795 25 20 10
Inuit, n.o.s.138 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,675 37,315 39,365 1,375 660 715
Bangladeshi 3,570 1,810 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,425 39,085 36,335 70 25 40
Algerian 645 320 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,770 38,035 35,740 45 20 20
Brazilian 2,555 1,260 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,755 34,670 37,085 10 0 10
Nigerian 8,120 4,145 3,975 80 40 45 0 0 0 69,540 34,680 34,860 45 20 30
Armenian 925 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,850 34,105 34,745 45 25 15
Slovak 3,520 1,750 1,770 20 15 0 10 10 0 68,210 33,475 34,740 75 35 35
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,620 1,220 1,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,780 31,525 35,255 65 30 35
Somali 2,830 1,485 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,555 31,555 33,995 60 45 15
Taiwanese 2,120 890 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,020 29,280 34,740 10 0 0
Iraqi 3,035 1,470 1,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,300 29,865 29,435 10 10 0
Salvadorean 2,325 1,150 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,280 29,150 30,130 35 15 20
African Caribbean 930 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,050 26,385 32,670 30 15 15
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 3,670 1,710 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,870 27,845 31,025 45 20 25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 2,645 1,375 1,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,840 30,560 28,280 10 10 10
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 1,330 650 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,195 25,715 31,475 45 25 25
Algonquin 380 165 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,070 27,025 29,040 30 15 15
West Indian, n.o.s.143 835 370 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0 0 0
Lithuanian 2,015 880 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,040 24,510 27,530 25 10 15
South African 2,915 1,465 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,840 24,885 24,955 75 40 35
Australian 3,060 1,585 1,475 20 10 10 25 15 10 46,765 24,165 22,595 65 25 40
Palestinian 1,675 910 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,905 23,930 21,975 15 10 0
Chilean 2,925 1,505 1,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,685 22,520 23,165 15 10 10
Congolese 1,045 500 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,260 22,000 23,260 55 35 20
Nova Scotian 850 380 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,720 21,700 23,025 60 30 30
Ethiopian 6,695 3,225 3,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,545 20,675 21,875 55 35 15
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 2,920 1,375 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,405 20,105 22,300 15 0 10
Peruvian 1,450 690 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,295 19,925 22,370 20 10 15
Yoruba 5,200 2,640 2,560 40 15 25 0 0 0 42,075 21,740 20,330 10 0 0
Cambodian (Khmer) 1,960 965 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0 0 0
Berber 405 225 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0 0 0
Albanian 1,870 1,030 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0 0 0
Maltese 505 230 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0 10 0
Macedonian 385 185 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,440 19,500 19,940 10 0 0
Slovenian 1,445 715 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,595 18,785 19,815 10 0 10
Western European, n.o.s.145 1,960 925 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,520 18,935 19,585 35 25 15
New Brunswicker 410 170 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,670 18,235 19,435 80 40 35
Gujarati 1,665 880 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0 0 0
Eritrean 5,320 2,700 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,290 18,185 18,110 45 20 30
African Canadian 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,395 17,140 18,250 15 0 10
Israeli 1,095 565 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0 0 0
Mohawk 500 300 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,330 16,485 16,845 15 10 10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 1,685 790 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,135 15,355 17,775 15 10 10
Bulgarian 1,305 635 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,085 16,235 16,850 35 20 10
Albertan 5,465 2,785 2,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,575 16,525 16,055 45 25 20
Ghanaian 1,405 705 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,720 15,650 16,065 10 10 0
Barbadian 640 310 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,440 15,265 16,175 10 0 10
African American 935 435 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,430 15,700 15,730 20 0 15
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 1,030 545 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,565 14,635 15,930 15 10 0
Tunisian 300 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,465 16,585 13,875 25 15 10
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,305 675 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,220 15,225 14,995 140 55 85
Cuban 830 395 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0 0 0
Bosnian 1,870 890 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0 0 0
Venezuelan 3,025 1,445 1,575 40 20 20 0 0 0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0 0 0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,225 13,490 14,735 10 10 0
Latvian 1,025 485 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,140 13,515 14,620 10 0 10
Bengali 1,200 585 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,675 13,830 12,850 30 20 10
Cameroonian 930 485 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0 0 0
Guatemalan 1,200 555 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,460 13,920 12,540 20 10 10
Indonesian 1,555 750 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,330 11,910 14,415 10 0 10
Laotian 1,015 505 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0 0 0
Ilocano 2,575 1,195 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,575 11,860 13,715 25 15 15
Northern Irish 920 445 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,200 12,495 12,710 15 10 10
Celtic, n.o.s.150 805 420 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,420 12,265 12,155 25 10 20
British Columbian 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,325 12,230 12,095 20 15 10
Ecuadorian 405 210 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0 0 0
Franco Ontarian 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,110 11,540 12,570 50 30 20
Argentinian 1,050 545 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,500 11,665 11,840 10 10 0
Estonian 980 480 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,455 11,080 12,375 40 20 20
Kurdish 1,060 525 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0 0 0
Fijian 1,145 525 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0 0 0
Jatt 1,410 705 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,695 11,090 10 10 0
North American, n.o.s.151 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,680 11,105 10 0 10
Coptic 440 225 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0 0 0
Thai 1,185 370 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0 0 0
Dominican 405 245 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0 0 0
Nepali 2,255 1,175 1,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,975 11,215 10,765 15 0 0
Kabyle 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0 0 0
Assyrian 420 215 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0 0 0
Igbo 3,150 1,635 1,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,305 9,890 9,415 25 20 0
Byelorussian 730 350 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,850 9,055 9,795 40 10 30
Dene, n.o.s.152 215 95 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,745 9,030 9,710 4,725 2,365 2,355
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 1,580 685 895 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,545 8,975 9,570 35 10 25
Abenaki 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0 0 0
Moldovan 990 545 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 8,850 9,340 10 0 0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 245 125 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,955 8,625 9,330 10 10 0
New Zealander 1,095 590 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,755 9,275 8,470 40 25 15
Sudanese 2,480 1,205 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,485 8,825 8,665 55 45 10
Breton 40 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0 0 0
Pennsylvania Dutch 350 125 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0 0 0
Malaysian 1,175 560 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,050 7,935 9,115 10 0 0
Plains Cree 200 100 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,570 8,255 8,310 65 20 40
North African, n.o.s.155 420 210 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0 0 0
Huron (Wendat) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,910 7,715 8,195 15 0 10
Saskatchewanian 1,150 595 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,780 7,505 8,280 10 0 0
Buddhist 1,010 480 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0 0 0
Gaspesian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0 0 0
Norman 145 100 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,340 8,155 7,190 10 10 0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 1,270 645 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,055 7,180 7,875 10 10 0
Ivorian 210 110 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0 0 0
Saulteaux 280 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,265 6,730 7,535 10 0 10
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 160 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,260 6,525 7,735 25 10 20
Burundian 150 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0 0 0
Tigrinya 2,240 1,220 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,910 7,435 6,470 65 30 40
Nicaraguan 800 355 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,840 6,730 7,120 20 0 10
Mauritian 450 190 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0 0 0
Kenyan 1,050 510 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,565 6,510 7,055 10 10 0
Oji-Cree 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0 0 0
Vincentian 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0 0 0
Jordanian 445 220 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0 0 0
Manitoban 460 245 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,095 6,530 6,565 40 0 30
Cape Bretoner 175 90 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,065 6,175 6,885 10 10 0
Rwandan 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0 0 0
Grenadian 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0 0 0
Malayali 665 375 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,490 6,580 5,910 30 15 20
Chaldean 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0 0 0
Sinhalese 555 255 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0 0 0
Mayan 575 310 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0 0 0
Honduran 340 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0 0 0
Cherokee 545 255 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 5,080 5,745 10 10 0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 110 45 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 20 15 10
Indo-Caribbean 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0 0 0
Flemish 420 190 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0 10 0
United Empire Loyalist 180 65 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,015 4,975 5,045 20 10 15
Senegalese 140 100 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 670 350 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0 0 0
Sicilian 110 35 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0 0 0
Pashtun 820 420 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0 0 0
Malay 790 340 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,795 4,725 5,065 20 10 15
Goan 350 185 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0 0 0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 330 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,455 4,705 4,755 15 10 0
Tibetan 790 415 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 660 295 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,165 4,435 4,725 40 30 15
Burmese 540 250 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0 10 0
Mongolian 985 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,090 4,240 4,850 10 0 10
Azorean 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0 0 0
Bamileke 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0 0 0
Indo-Guyanese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0 0 0
Ugandan 300 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,285 3,910 4,375 20 10 15
Oromo 1,560 875 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0 0 0
Tanzanian 795 425 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0 0 0
Yemeni 555 280 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,115 3,995 4,130 35 20 15
Central African 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0 0 0
Libyan 445 255 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0 0 0
Basque 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0 0 0
Uruguayan 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0 0 0
Akan, n.o.s.159 295 125 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,640 3,835 3,805 10 10 0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 345 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0 0 0
Igorot 1,195 560 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0 0 0
Fulani 65 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0 0 0
Woodland Cree 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 10 0 10
Guinean 155 80 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0 0 0
St. Lucian 230 90 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,285 3,340 3,945 15 10 10
Prince Edward Islander 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 10 0 0
Maliseet 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0 0 0
Beninese 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0 0 0
Telugu 255 135 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0 0 0
Roma 200 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0 0 0
Costa Rican 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0 0 0
African Nova Scotian 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0 0 0
Malagasy 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0 0 0
Kashmiri 820 405 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0 0 0
Singaporean 325 120 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0 0 0
Karen 390 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0 0 0
Edo 605 340 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 2,995 2,995 25 10 15
Tajik 280 130 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0 0 0
Amhara 810 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0 0 0
Paraguayan 100 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0 0 0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 1,680 880 800 595 275 315 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 40,380 20,435 19,945
Buddhist 20,855 9,225 11,625 30 0 15 0 0 0 356,975 157,435 199,540 250 110 140
Christian 575,250 270,555 304,690 690 345 350 365 170 195 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 22,275 10,785 11,490
Christian, n.o.s.162 121,585 58,010 63,575 160 65 95 60 25 35 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 2,490 1,255 1,235
Anabaptist 2,100 1,020 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,145 70,095 74,050 35 15 20
Anglican 27,005 12,375 14,635 55 25 30 20 10 15 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3,280 1,525 1,760
Baptist 10,875 5,050 5,825 0 0 0 20 15 10 436,940 200,325 236,615 610 300 315
Catholic 262,720 125,010 137,705 285 150 135 180 85 90 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 12,930 6,365 6,565
Christian Orthodox 24,020 11,690 12,330 45 35 15 0 0 0 623,010 301,055 321,955 185 60 125
Jehovah's Witness 5,160 2,300 2,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 137,255 59,505 77,750 80 45 40
Latter Day Saints 9,895 4,590 5,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,725 41,365 46,360 85 45 40
Lutheran 14,005 6,325 7,675 35 10 20 0 0 0 328,045 150,115 177,925 180 105 75
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 2,570 1,160 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,655 46,640 54,020 120 60 60
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,690 6,905 7,785 45 25 20 0 0 0 399,025 180,870 218,155 770 325 445
Presbyterian 8,330 3,730 4,600 25 10 10 10 0 10 301,400 136,440 164,960 80 25 50
Reformed 1,250 600 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,870 39,250 40,620 10 0 10
United Church 37,055 15,800 21,255 35 20 15 55 25 30 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 815 355 460
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 33,980 15,990 17,990 10 10 0 0 0 0 745,650 345,540 400,110 600 310 290
Hindu 33,450 17,180 16,265 90 50 45 0 0 0 828,195 430,135 398,060 200 105 95
Jewish 6,390 3,140 3,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 335,295 164,220 171,070 50 30 20
Muslim 95,925 48,855 47,075 180 105 80 0 0 0 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 730 440 290
Sikh 49,465 24,885 24,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 771,790 394,345 377,445 110 60 50
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 1,370 500 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,685 38,460 42,230 330 160 170
Other religions and spiritual traditions 9,695 4,165 5,535 10 0 0 0 0 0 229,015 97,645 131,370 370 180 195
No religion and secular perspectives 499,375 263,630 235,745 665 360 300 230 110 120 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 16,065 8,575 7,495
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,277,835 634,945 642,885 1,660 875 785 590 270 320 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 39,800 20,145 19,655
Non-movers 1,101,965 547,205 554,760 1,500 785 710 515 235 280 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 34,345 17,445 16,900
Movers 175,865 87,745 88,125 160 90 70 75 35 40 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 5,460 2,705 2,755
Non-migrants 132,940 66,500 66,445 85 50 30 45 15 25 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 3,340 1,620 1,715
Migrants 42,925 21,245 21,680 80 40 40 30 20 10 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 2,120 1,090 1,035
Internal migrants 29,285 14,520 14,770 40 20 20 20 15 0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 2,000 1,040 965
Intraprovincial migrants 13,780 6,700 7,080 40 20 20 0 0 0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 495 245 255
Interprovincial migrants 15,505 7,820 7,690 0 0 0 20 15 0 268,965 135,215 133,750 1,505 790 710
External migrants 13,640 6,730 6,910 40 15 20 0 0 0 293,955 147,585 146,370 120 45 75
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,217,975 604,435 613,540 1,570 815 750 550 265 285 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 37,555 18,980 18,575
Non-movers 707,190 350,630 356,560 900 475 430 360 180 180 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 21,900 11,280 10,620
Movers 510,785 253,805 256,980 665 340 325 190 80 110 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 15,655 7,700 7,950
Non-migrants 333,555 166,780 166,775 380 200 180 145 60 85 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 8,115 3,890 4,220
Migrants 177,230 87,025 90,205 285 140 145 45 25 25 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 7,545 3,810 3,730
Internal migrants 103,835 51,155 52,680 130 65 65 35 15 15 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 6,680 3,410 3,275
Intraprovincial migrants 52,115 25,805 26,310 80 45 35 0 0 0 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 1,995 960 1,035
Interprovincial migrants 51,725 25,355 26,370 50 20 30 35 15 15 921,345 459,695 461,650 4,685 2,445 2,240
External migrants 73,395 35,870 37,525 155 75 80 0 0 0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 860 400 455
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 1,210 585 620 460 230 230 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 31,915 16,130 15,785
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 149,010 77,165 71,850 150 60 85 30 10 20 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 9,595 5,415 4,185
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 907,215 444,015 463,205 1,060 525 540 435 215 215 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 22,320 10,715 11,605
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 865 400 460 315 165 155 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 23,075 11,580 11,505
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 65,615 35,580 30,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 5,730 3,340 2,390
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 672,130 329,065 343,070 855 400 455 315 155 155 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 17,345 8,235 9,110
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 1,210 585 625 460 230 230 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 31,910 16,125 15,785
No certificate, diploma or degree 134,565 68,700 65,865 145 60 80 30 10 20 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 8,260 4,550 3,705
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 273,135 137,495 135,635 190 95 95 85 40 45 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 7,740 3,955 3,790
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 648,530 314,980 333,550 875 425 445 350 185 165 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 15,910 7,615 8,295
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 271,085 134,270 136,810 95 40 65 115 60 55 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 8,840 4,755 4,085
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 62,155 45,900 16,255 0 0 0 25 20 10 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 2,670 2,085 585
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 22,795 12,780 10,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 1,265 820 455
Apprenticeship certificate169 39,360 33,125 6,235 0 0 0 20 20 0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 1,400 1,265 130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 172,905 73,135 99,775 80 35 45 85 45 40 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 5,270 2,305 2,970
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 36,020 15,235 20,790 20 0 15 10 0 10 896,755 372,560 524,195 900 370 530
Bachelor's degree or higher 377,450 180,710 196,740 775 390 380 235 125 110 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 7,070 2,860 4,210
Bachelor's degree 258,985 121,715 137,275 445 220 230 170 90 75 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 4,665 1,890 2,775
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 19,835 9,020 10,810 20 10 10 0 0 0 556,510 243,200 313,310 430 160 275
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 9,365 4,285 5,080 45 25 20 0 0 0 214,105 108,000 106,105 120 40 75
Master's degree 77,600 38,555 39,040 240 125 115 55 30 25 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 1,750 715 1,035
Earned doctorate171 11,670 7,130 4,540 25 20 10 0 0 0 279,660 165,795 113,870 105 55 55
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 860 405 460 315 160 155 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 23,080 11,575 11,500
No certificate, diploma or degree 56,150 30,270 25,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 4,705 2,695 2,005
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 158,090 83,330 74,760 40 10 35 50 25 30 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 5,095 2,660 2,440
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 523,505 251,045 272,465 815 390 430 265 140 130 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 13,275 6,220 7,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 207,210 103,010 104,205 90 25 60 85 50 35 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 7,185 3,830 3,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 46,300 34,495 11,805 0 0 0 20 15 10 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 2,095 1,630 465
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,310 9,360 6,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 990 630 360
Apprenticeship certificate169 29,990 25,135 4,860 0 0 0 20 15 0 836,220 693,830 142,395 1,105 1,000 110
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 132,925 56,660 76,265 70 25 45 60 30 25 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 4,360 1,900 2,460
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 27,990 11,860 16,130 20 0 20 0 0 0 623,090 261,035 362,050 730 300 430
Bachelor's degree or higher 316,295 148,035 168,260 725 360 365 180 90 90 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 6,090 2,390 3,700
Bachelor's degree 215,545 99,580 115,960 400 190 215 130 65 65 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 3,945 1,560 2,385
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 15,980 7,050 8,925 20 10 15 10 0 0 430,875 179,230 251,645 380 130 245
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 8,070 3,480 4,595 40 20 15 0 0 0 167,730 75,120 92,615 105 35 75
Master's degree 67,610 32,685 34,925 240 125 115 40 15 25 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 1,565 610 955
Earned doctorate171 9,100 5,240 3,855 25 15 10 0 0 0 209,445 115,530 93,915 95 55 40
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 1,210 580 625 465 230 235 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 31,915 16,125 15,790
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 407,695 206,200 201,495 335 155 180 115 45 70 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 16,005 8,510 7,495
Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 10 0 10 20 0 20 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 1,370 310 1,070
13. Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 10 0 10 20 0 20 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 1,370 310 1,070
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 20,300 8,295 12,000 15 0 15 0 0 0 631,255 274,065 357,190 380 155 235
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,095 1,585 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 74,785 53,390 21,395 35 20 15
50. Visual and performing arts 18,205 6,715 11,490 15 0 15 0 0 0 556,470 220,680 335,790 345 130 215
Humanities 29,295 10,450 18,845 35 10 20 10 0 10 926,560 354,120 572,440 595 285 310
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 3,420 660 2,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 106,345 23,460 82,885 110 35 70
23. English language and literature/letters 6,610 1,750 4,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,600 53,020 131,580 90 35 55
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 10,070 3,555 6,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 316,050 119,215 196,830 170 50 115
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 455 155 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,935 6,835 12,095 15 10 10
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,925 1,050 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,745 33,040 24,700 40 35 10
39. Theology and religious vocations 2,775 1,575 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,510 46,140 31,365 80 50 25
54. History 3,320 1,570 1,750 10 10 10 0 0 0 108,935 58,310 50,620 70 55 15
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 720 130 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,440 14,090 42,345 20 10 15
Social and behavioural sciences and law 72,710 25,400 47,315 90 30 55 70 35 30 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 1,840 695 1,145
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,020 200 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,430 7,065 22,365 60 10 50
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 9,885 3,435 6,450 15 0 10 25 15 15 233,400 88,205 145,200 195 90 100
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 7,890 615 7,275 0 0 0 10 0 10 344,150 27,905 316,240 305 25 280
22. Legal professions and studies 13,435 4,770 8,665 10 0 0 0 0 0 325,785 115,335 210,445 220 105 115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,430 480 945 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,855 16,000 33,850 60 10 50
42. Psychology 11,935 2,745 9,190 30 10 20 0 0 0 327,965 79,295 248,665 280 75 205
45. Social sciences 27,130 13,155 13,975 35 20 20 25 20 0 705,540 336,960 368,580 720 375 345
Business, management and public administration 151,340 66,070 85,275 290 130 160 105 55 55 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 3,250 920 2,330
30.16 Accounting and computer science 145 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0 0 0
44. Public administration and social service professions 7,190 1,385 5,810 0 0 0 10 0 10 272,240 55,995 216,245 395 75 315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 144,000 64,630 79,380 290 130 160 100 55 45 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 2,855 845 2,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies 35,280 18,270 17,015 45 20 25 10 10 0 719,715 353,540 366,175 660 295 365
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 11,915 4,605 7,310 15 0 15 0 0 0 297,055 121,615 175,435 310 120 190
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,125 3,260 3,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,955 72,245 83,705 90 35 50
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 560 230 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,380 14,950 20,430 20 10 15
40. Physical sciences 14,385 9,680 4,705 20 20 0 0 0 0 196,620 130,745 65,875 210 115 95
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,295 495 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,710 13,985 20,730 30 10 15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 32,775 21,555 11,215 25 20 0 15 15 0 804,230 531,435 272,795 440 285 155
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 27,025 18,865 8,165 20 20 0 15 15 0 643,145 454,370 188,775 345 230 115
25. Library science 1,385 170 1,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,085 7,100 35,985 50 10 35
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,675 2,070 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,360 57,560 41,800 45 40 10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 685 455 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0 0 0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 141,165 119,620 21,550 220 160 60 60 55 10 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 3,170 2,810 355
04. Architecture and related services 5,715 3,555 2,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,020 81,930 53,090 135 70 70
14. Engineering 60,975 48,265 12,715 200 150 50 30 20 10 900,475 723,080 177,395 565 450 115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 30,160 24,830 5,325 20 10 10 15 15 0 726,155 638,355 87,800 600 515 85
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 190 390 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 20,365 19,740 625 0 0 0 10 10 0 703,905 683,060 20,845 830 790 35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 15,535 15,080 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 659,480 640,895 18,590 800 765 40
48. Precision production 8,400 8,145 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 380,505 363,710 16,795 240 225 15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,880 5,175 5,705 20 0 15 0 0 0 407,545 234,360 173,175 700 430 270
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,525 3,070 3,455 10 0 0 0 0 0 262,580 140,520 122,070 125 70 55
03. Natural resources and conservation 4,350 2,100 2,250 10 0 10 0 0 0 144,960 93,845 51,115 575 365 215
Health and related fields 91,710 19,495 72,215 115 45 75 40 0 35 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 2,070 430 1,645
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 7,380 3,540 3,845 10 0 0 0 0 0 180,785 89,005 91,780 260 140 120
51. Health professions and related programs178 81,445 14,515 66,930 80 25 60 35 0 35 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 1,765 275 1,490
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 150 55 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 1,425 3,825 10 0 10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,740 1,395 1,350 30 15 10 0 0 0 64,030 34,630 29,400 35 20 20
Personal, protective and transportation services 24,990 12,345 12,645 0 0 0 10 10 0 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 1,415 1,005 410
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 16,005 5,380 10,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 548,520 151,115 397,410 485 190 295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 105 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,965 3,520 445 10 10 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 125 105 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,900 6,210 690 10 10 0
43. Security and protective services 4,485 2,870 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,835 160,930 66,905 265 195 75
49. Transportation and materials moving 4,270 3,900 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,205 199,190 20,010 640 600 45
Other179 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 1,640 3,665 10 0 10
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 737,745 364,640 373,105 860 400 460 320 160 155 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 23,080 11,575 11,505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 214,245 113,600 100,640 45 15 30 55 20 30 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 9,805 5,355 4,450
Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 10 0 10 15 0 15 742,175 158,185 583,990 1,105 250 855
13. Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 10 0 10 15 0 15 742,175 158,185 583,990 1,105 250 855
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 16,520 6,735 9,785 15 0 15 0 0 0 490,455 210,500 279,955 320 120 200
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,595 1,150 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,645 38,170 16,475 35 15 20
50. Visual and performing arts 14,920 5,580 9,335 15 0 15 0 0 0 435,815 172,330 263,480 285 105 185
Humanities 23,385 8,110 15,275 30 10 20 0 0 0 649,695 241,235 408,465 470 225 250
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,795 520 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,235 16,400 62,835 80 30 50
23. English language and literature/letters 5,440 1,440 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,815 37,610 97,210 70 30 45
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,205 2,785 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 216,725 80,505 136,220 130 40 90
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 340 110 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,910 4,540 8,370 15 10 10
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,575 845 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,640 23,645 17,990 35 25 10
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,930 1,110 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,920 29,245 19,675 60 40 25
54. History 2,585 1,210 1,375 10 10 10 0 0 0 78,415 40,800 37,615 70 55 20
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 515 90 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,045 8,490 28,555 15 0 15
Social and behavioural sciences and law 60,535 20,560 39,980 80 25 55 60 30 30 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 1,540 565 975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 870 180 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,895 5,520 18,370 50 10 35
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 8,695 2,925 5,770 10 0 10 20 10 10 196,475 72,125 124,350 150 65 90
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 6,225 450 5,780 0 0 0 10 0 10 270,970 20,095 250,875 265 20 240
22. Legal professions and studies 11,170 3,705 7,465 10 0 0 0 0 0 261,265 82,850 178,420 200 85 115
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,180 385 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,830 12,160 25,670 50 10 40
42. Psychology 9,685 2,100 7,590 30 10 15 0 0 0 249,205 55,840 193,365 220 55 160
45. Social sciences 22,700 10,805 11,895 30 15 20 25 15 0 549,090 254,250 294,840 605 315 290
Business, management and public administration 124,905 53,865 71,040 275 115 155 75 35 35 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 2,765 745 2,025
30.16 Accounting and computer science 105 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0 0 0
44. Public administration and social service professions 5,835 1,070 4,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 213,140 40,230 172,910 310 55 255
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 118,970 52,750 66,215 270 115 155 65 35 30 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 2,460 685 1,765
Physical and life sciences and technologies 27,230 13,335 13,895 45 20 25 10 10 0 513,555 241,780 271,785 555 235 310
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 9,575 3,600 5,975 15 0 15 0 0 0 227,460 90,390 137,075 260 100 165
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 5,600 2,495 3,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,350 48,075 60,280 75 30 45
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 465 190 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,270 5,690 8,580 15 10 15
40. Physical sciences 10,735 6,710 4,020 20 20 0 0 0 0 140,510 88,540 51,970 180 100 75
41. Science technologies/technicians 860 335 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,960 9,090 13,870 20 10 15
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 28,300 18,680 9,610 20 20 0 15 10 0 667,305 445,970 221,330 380 240 140
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 24,085 16,720 7,360 15 15 0 15 10 0 554,185 392,835 161,350 300 195 105
25. Library science 900 120 780 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,610 4,720 22,885 45 10 35
27. Mathematics and statistics 2,765 1,500 1,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,940 39,000 31,940 30 25 0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 555 350 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0 0 0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 113,170 94,000 19,170 205 145 55 55 40 10 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 2,615 2,305 310
04. Architecture and related services 4,610 2,700 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,845 61,230 44,605 95 35 55
14. Engineering 51,005 39,500 11,510 185 145 40 20 15 10 724,235 568,385 155,850 495 390 105
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,030 19,430 4,600 15 0 0 15 15 0 536,600 464,510 72,090 525 455 70
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 160 350 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 15,725 15,190 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 510,105 493,000 17,100 650 615 35
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 11,690 11,295 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 467,225 452,385 14,840 670 635 35
48. Precision production 6,095 5,885 200 0 0 0 10 10 0 266,690 253,110 13,585 180 170 10
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,820 4,045 4,780 20 0 20 0 0 0 314,120 170,440 143,680 620 355 265
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,000 2,240 2,765 10 0 0 0 0 0 199,335 99,700 99,635 110 55 55
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,820 1,805 2,015 10 0 10 0 0 0 114,780 70,745 44,040 505 300 205
Health and related fields 73,600 16,045 57,555 110 45 70 25 0 25 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 1,760 370 1,395
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 5,910 2,840 3,070 10 0 0 0 0 0 139,280 67,885 71,385 215 105 110
51. Health professions and related programs178 65,330 12,095 53,230 85 20 60 25 0 25 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 1,500 245 1,250
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 130 45 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 945 3,485 10 0 10
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,240 1,065 1,180 25 15 10 0 0 0 48,115 23,255 24,860 35 15 25
Personal, protective and transportation services 19,480 9,855 9,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 772,450 399,835 372,615 1,145 810 335
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 12,230 4,210 8,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 414,520 112,935 301,590 385 160 225
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 80 70 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,955 2,575 375 10 10 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,850 3,415 435 10 10 0
43. Security and protective services 3,695 2,380 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 183,025 128,295 54,725 240 170 60
49. Transportation and materials moving 3,425 3,150 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 168,105 152,620 15,485 500 460 40
Other179 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,075 1,150 2,930 10 0 0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 737,745 364,640 373,105 860 400 460 320 160 155 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 23,080 11,575 11,505
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 214,245 113,600 100,640 45 15 30 55 20 30 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 9,805 5,355 4,450
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 523,510 251,045 272,465 815 385 430 265 140 125 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 13,275 6,220 7,055
Location of study inside Canada 372,000 180,455 191,540 450 215 235 230 125 105 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 11,535 5,445 6,095
Same as province or territory of residence 267,640 128,510 139,130 295 120 170 130 80 55 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 2,950 1,315 1,635
Different than province or territory of residence 104,355 51,950 52,410 160 90 65 100 50 50 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 8,590 4,130 4,455
Location of study outside Canada182 151,510 70,585 80,925 365 175 190 35 15 25 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 1,740 780 965
Americas 24,755 12,395 12,360 75 45 30 20 0 15 483,810 238,040 245,775 230 115 115
United States of America 14,510 7,920 6,590 65 40 25 20 0 15 279,005 143,575 135,435 175 90 90
Mexico 2,085 930 1,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,400 16,175 20,230 10 0 0
Cuba 235 135 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0 0 0
Haiti 75 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0 0 0
Jamaica 400 175 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,780 6,110 6,670 25 10 15
Brazil 1,555 665 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0 0 0
Colombia 2,015 880 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0 0 0
Peru 365 140 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0 0 0
Venezuela95 1,780 745 1,035 10 10 0 0 0 0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0 0 0
Other locations of study in Americas 1,735 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,000 21,575 23,425 10 10 10
Europe 25,250 13,170 12,080 70 30 45 0 0 0 543,725 281,205 262,520 375 165 210
Belgium 170 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,795 4,260 3,535 10 0 10
France 1,155 600 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,770 53,930 43,840 60 25 35
Germany 925 515 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,450 12,070 10,380 20 10 15
Netherlands 600 315 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 6,065 4,765 30 20 15
Switzerland 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,470 4,420 4,050 15 10 0
Hungary 330 165 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,160 2,465 2,700 10 10 0
Moldova183 570 270 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0 0 0
Poland 1,375 540 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0 10 0
Romania 1,725 935 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0 0 0
Russian Federation 2,065 890 1,170 10 0 0 0 0 0 36,095 16,250 19,845 10 0 0
Ukraine 1,465 680 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,405 16,635 19,775 10 0 0
Ireland96 855 520 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,040 9,175 6,865 25 10 15
United Kingdom87 9,355 5,195 4,155 30 15 20 0 0 0 151,900 81,980 69,920 170 85 90
Bosnia and Herzegovina 280 145 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0 0 0
Italy 315 170 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0 0 0
Serbia86 360 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0 0 0
Other locations of study in Europe 3,420 1,790 1,635 20 15 10 0 0 0 60,615 30,055 30,560 15 0 10
Africa 12,240 6,200 6,040 50 30 20 0 0 0 216,815 111,010 105,805 205 120 90
Nigeria 4,635 2,225 2,415 35 20 15 0 0 0 33,280 16,395 16,880 10 10 0
Algeria 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,230 17,020 16,210 10 0 0
Morocco 380 205 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,640 12,125 11,510 35 25 10
Tunisia 180 110 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 7,100 5,555 10 0 0
Egypt 1,610 825 785 15 0 0 0 0 0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0 0 0
South Africa, Republic of 1,315 665 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,060 9,900 9,160 20 15 0
Other locations of study in Africa 3,795 2,005 1,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,700 33,325 31,385 115 55 60
Asia 86,450 37,320 49,140 155 60 95 0 0 0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 855 335 515
Iran88 2,105 980 1,120 30 15 15 0 0 0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0 0 0
Iraq 895 440 455 10 10 10 0 0 0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0 0 0
Israel 385 210 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0 0 0
Lebanon 590 275 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0 0 0
Syria89 730 375 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,405 7,885 8,520 15 10 0
Turkey 385 235 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,855 6,595 5,260 10 10 0
China90 10,965 4,890 6,075 30 15 15 0 0 0 201,100 87,370 113,720 30 15 10
Taiwan 565 140 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,520 4,750 9,770 10 0 0
Hong Kong91 790 310 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,325 7,445 10,875 10 0 0
Japan 995 270 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,605 5,280 13,325 15 0 10
Korea, South92 3,715 1,535 2,175 30 20 15 0 0 0 53,575 20,575 33,000 40 15 25
Philippines 28,045 11,105 16,945 15 0 10 0 0 0 305,795 115,370 190,420 515 170 340
Viet Nam 810 315 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,500 4,490 8,005 0 0 0
Bangladesh 1,360 510 845 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,000 11,360 13,645 10 0 10
Sri Lanka 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0 0 0
India 23,485 11,025 12,455 10 0 10 0 0 0 405,850 199,380 206,475 135 75 55
Pakistan 6,015 2,670 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,155 35,055 40,100 30 20 15
Other locations of study in Asia 4,170 1,795 2,375 15 0 15 0 0 0 64,385 28,650 35,735 35 10 25
Oceania 2,815 1,510 1,305 10 0 0 10 10 0 47,960 24,495 23,460 70 40 30
Australia 2,225 1,200 1,025 10 0 0 10 10 0 38,525 19,270 19,250 60 25 25
New Zealand 480 255 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,785 4,300 3,485 20 15 0
Other locations of study in Oceania 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,655 930 730 0 0 0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 1,210 585 625 460 230 230 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 31,910 16,125 15,785
In the labour force 730,055 382,305 347,750 875 440 435 335 165 170 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 22,555 11,670 10,885
Employed 638,645 335,655 302,995 760 385 370 295 150 140 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 20,600 10,530 10,070
Unemployed 91,405 46,650 44,755 115 60 65 40 15 30 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 1,950 1,135 815
Not in the labour force 326,175 138,875 187,310 335 145 190 130 65 65 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 9,360 4,455 4,900
Participation rate 69.1 73.4 65.0 72.3 75.2 69.6 72.8 71.7 73.9 63.7 67.7 59.8 70.7 72.4 69.0
Employment rate 60.5 64.4 56.6 62.8 65.8 59.2 64.1 65.2 60.9 57.1 60.9 53.4 64.6 65.3 63.8
Unemployment rate 12.5 12.2 12.9 13.1 13.6 14.9 11.9 9.1 17.6 10.3 9.9 10.7 8.6 9.7 7.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 1,210 580 625 465 230 235 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 31,915 16,125 15,790
Did not work186 350,820 153,180 197,640 345 145 205 140 65 75 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 9,590 4,625 4,965
Worked 705,410 367,995 337,415 860 445 415 320 165 155 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 22,325 11,505 10,820
Worked full year full time187 370,495 210,090 160,405 500 310 190 170 100 65 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 14,095 7,325 6,765
Worked part year and/or part time188 334,920 157,910 177,010 360 135 225 150 60 90 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 8,230 4,175 4,055
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.6 41.4 39.7 41.0 43.1 38.7 41.3 41.6 41.2 41.0 41.7 40.3 42.7 42.5 42.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 730,050 382,305 347,745 875 440 435 335 165 170 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 22,550 11,675 10,880
Class of worker - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 35 15 20 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 630 345 285
All classes of workers191 704,840 370,120 334,720 840 425 420 330 160 165 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 21,925 11,330 10,595
Employee 596,075 303,490 292,590 655 330 325 260 125 135 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 20,320 10,385 9,935
Permanent position 498,865 258,105 240,765 520 275 245 215 105 105 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 16,025 8,250 7,775
Temporary position 97,210 45,385 51,825 130 55 75 45 15 30 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 4,295 2,135 2,160
Fixed term (1 year or more) 33,010 14,890 18,125 45 20 25 10 0 10 867,740 386,965 480,775 1,435 590 845
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 64,200 30,500 33,700 85 35 55 35 15 15 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 2,855 1,535 1,320
Self-employed192 108,770 66,635 42,130 190 100 90 70 40 30 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 1,605 945 660
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 730,050 382,305 347,745 875 440 435 335 165 170 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 22,550 11,675 10,880
Occupation - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 35 15 20 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 630 345 285
All occupations191 704,840 370,120 334,720 840 425 420 330 160 165 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 21,925 11,330 10,595
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 8,910 6,645 2,265 40 35 0 0 0 0 254,760 177,450 77,315 405 235 170
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 135,315 46,270 89,040 220 95 125 30 10 20 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 4,040 1,040 3,000
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 83,405 63,705 19,695 170 130 40 45 35 10 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 1,470 1,045 425
3 Health occupations 58,670 11,985 46,685 110 40 70 35 10 25 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 1,310 285 1,025
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 77,125 25,355 51,770 75 20 55 55 10 40 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 4,675 1,815 2,855
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 20,330 9,105 11,230 10 10 0 35 10 25 596,785 275,420 321,360 525 200 315
6 Sales and service occupations 175,295 80,580 94,715 155 55 100 85 45 40 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 4,405 2,050 2,355
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 115,655 103,615 12,040 35 20 15 25 25 0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 4,110 3,810 300
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 10,185 8,205 1,980 10 10 0 0 0 0 541,235 416,960 124,270 595 515 85
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 19,960 14,655 5,300 10 10 0 10 10 0 857,540 612,415 245,120 390 330 60
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 730,050 382,305 347,745 875 440 435 335 165 170 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 22,550 11,675 10,880
Industry - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 35 15 20 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 630 345 285
All industries191 704,840 370,120 334,720 840 425 420 330 160 165 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 21,925 11,330 10,595
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,635 1,590 1,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 434,800 295,160 139,640 170 140 35
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 32,410 20,860 11,545 165 120 40 40 25 10 239,030 195,605 43,425 980 775 205
22 Utilities 8,485 5,525 2,960 20 20 0 0 0 0 147,750 109,475 38,270 305 245 60
23 Construction 58,805 49,750 9,055 20 10 0 20 15 10 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 1,380 1,200 175
31-33 Manufacturing 33,130 24,105 9,030 20 0 20 0 0 0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 215 135 80
41 Wholesale trade 22,295 15,400 6,895 0 0 0 20 15 10 610,295 406,960 203,335 285 225 60
44-45 Retail trade 80,115 38,770 41,340 85 35 50 25 0 20 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 2,020 1,075 945
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 46,840 34,225 12,610 25 10 15 15 10 0 981,030 742,515 238,515 1,330 1,005 320
51 Information and cultural industries 12,790 7,585 5,205 10 0 0 10 10 0 400,460 237,940 162,520 350 200 155
52 Finance and insurance 26,450 12,325 14,125 55 35 25 0 0 0 815,225 358,145 457,080 280 95 185
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 14,175 7,965 6,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 343,940 186,230 157,710 280 165 120
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 83,970 48,655 35,310 150 90 55 40 25 15 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 965 560 400
55 Management of companies and enterprises 2,240 995 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,455 21,495 23,955 10 10 10
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 31,495 17,855 13,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 792,600 457,880 334,725 745 500 245
61 Educational services 46,695 14,690 32,005 45 15 30 15 0 10 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 1,820 495 1,330
62 Health care and social assistance 90,910 18,065 72,845 145 45 100 40 10 30 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 2,430 510 1,920
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 14,470 7,345 7,125 10 0 0 25 0 25 350,710 180,205 170,500 410 195 215
72 Accommodation and food services 42,785 19,585 23,200 50 10 35 30 15 10 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 1,055 550 510
81 Other services (except public administration) 29,975 12,560 17,415 0 0 0 15 0 10 797,935 373,775 424,165 715 390 330
91 Public administration 24,185 12,265 11,920 25 0 20 15 10 10 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6,185 2,880 3,310
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 764,085 398,215 365,870 925 470 455 355 185 165 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 24,145 12,410 11,735
English 720,920 377,180 343,730 895 450 450 345 185 160 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 22,435 11,645 10,795
French 1,020 295 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 105 50 55
Non-official language 6,605 3,350 3,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 169,205 89,515 79,685 135 65 75
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,935 3,590 3,345 95 40 55
Non-Indigenous 6,600 3,350 3,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 162,265 85,925 76,345 45 25 20
English and French 6,415 2,620 3,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 545 230 310
English and non-official language(s) 27,865 14,130 13,730 20 20 0 0 0 0 570,220 291,000 279,220 895 410 490
French and non-official language(s) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 665 305 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,340 34,190 35,145 15 0 10
Multiple non-official languages 570 320 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,265 5,960 5,305 10 10 0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 764,085 398,215 365,870 925 470 455 355 185 165 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 24,145 12,410 11,735
Single responses 757,765 394,970 362,795 925 470 455 355 185 165 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 23,800 12,250 11,550
Official languages 745,365 388,565 356,810 905 460 450 355 185 165 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 23,430 12,065 11,365
English 743,325 387,970 355,360 905 460 450 355 185 165 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 23,235 11,985 11,250
French 2,040 595 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 195 75 120
Non-official languages 12,400 6,410 5,990 20 0 10 0 0 0 310,455 161,825 148,635 370 185 185
Indigenous languages39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,435 9,725 9,710 315 155 160
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0 0 0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0 0 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0 0 0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 340 355 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 305 155 155
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 305 155 155
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 20 10 10
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 155 65 90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 25 15 15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 25 0 15
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 95 45 55
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 130 75 55
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,630 3,200 3,425 10 0 10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 10 0 10
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Stoney 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,390 6,410 5,980 20 0 10 0 0 0 291,025 152,095 138,925 60 30 25
Afro-Asiatic languages 450 245 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0 0 0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 185 235 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 155 210 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 430 235 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0 0 0
Amharic 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 95 120 0 0 0
Arabic 315 165 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0 0 0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 325 130 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 240 90 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 240 340 0 0 0
Tigrigna 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 800 305 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,770 4,135 5,635 20 10 10
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 215 285 0 0 0
Vietnamese 780 295 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,260 3,905 5,350 20 10 10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 535 275 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0 0 0
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Ilocano 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 0 0 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 480 245 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 0 0 0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 185 210 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 170 205 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0 0 0
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 140 110 0 0 0
Tamil 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0 0 0
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 4,915 2,660 2,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0 0 0
Albanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 170 140 0 0 0
Armenian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 295 235 0 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0 0 0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 15 75 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 35 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 40 0 0 0
Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0 0 0
Bulgarian 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 55 90 0 0 0
Czech 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 60 15 0 0 0
Polish 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0 0 0
Russian 175 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 485 355 0 0 0
Bosnian 25 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 0 0 0
Serbian 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 245 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 620 650 0 0 0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0 0 0
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
High German languages 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0 0 0
German 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0 0 0
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 0 0 0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 520 530 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0 0 0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 0 0 0
Dutch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 515 440 0 0 0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 0 0 0
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Swedish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Greek 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 445 430 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages 3,090 1,860 1,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0 0 0
Indo-Aryan languages 2,955 1,810 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0 0 0
Bengali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 290 355 0 0 0
Gujarati 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 515 600 0 0 0
Hindi 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0 0 0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Nepali 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 145 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 2,505 1,605 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0 0 0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 0 0 0
Urdu 225 95 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0 0 0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Iranian languages 135 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0 0 0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 0 0 0
Pashto 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 0 0 0
Persian languages 125 50 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0 0 0
Dari 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 445 360 0 0 0
Iranian Persian 90 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0 0 0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 400 195 0 0 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,285 565 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0 0 0
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Italian 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 730 900 0 0 0
Portuguese 75 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0 0 0
Romanian 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 375 310 0 0 0
Spanish 1,150 475 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Japanese 105 25 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0 0 0
Korean 775 435 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0 0 0
Mongolian 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 210 200 0 0 0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Lingala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 95 55 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Sign languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 795 1,210 0 0 0
American Sign Language 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 620 970 0 0 0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 110 180 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 4,560 2,355 2,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,375 64,180 64,190 15 10 0
Chinese languages 4,540 2,340 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,045 63,990 64,055 15 10 0
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 0 0 0
Mandarin 1,910 975 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,040 37,760 38,280 10 10 0
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 210 270 0 0 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 2,595 1,340 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,950 25,725 25,225 10 10 0
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 240 220 0 0 0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 175 125 0 0 0
Burmese 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 310 450 0 0 0
Lao 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0
Thai 35 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Turkic languages 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 695 650 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 0 0 0
Turkish 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 660 615 0 0 0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 215 270 0 0 0
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 50 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 65 0 0 0
Hungarian 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 160 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Multiple responses 6,320 3,245 3,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 453,880 231,205 222,675 340 155 185
English and French 805 365 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 321,975 163,305 158,675 95 50 50
English and non-official language(s) 5,280 2,770 2,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 115,955 60,210 55,745 240 110 130
French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 75 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 130 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0 0 0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 764,085 398,215 365,870 925 470 455 355 185 165 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 24,145 12,410 11,735
None 734,060 383,675 350,390 900 450 455 345 185 160 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 23,015 11,910 11,105
English 5,720 2,795 2,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 902,625 474,755 427,875 315 140 175
French 4,720 2,005 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 589,755 288,955 300,800 360 160 200
Non-official language 16,030 8,000 8,030 15 10 0 0 0 0 331,375 168,035 163,335 425 185 240
Indigenous39 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 7,740 10,450 365 150 215
Non-Indigenous 15,945 7,965 7,980 15 10 0 0 0 0 313,185 160,295 152,885 60 35 30
English and French 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0 0 0
English and non-official language(s) 640 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0 0 0
French and non-official language(s) 440 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,615 11,475 11,135 10 0 10
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 210 150 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 2,460 1,210 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,740 25,425 25,315 20 15 0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 638,645 335,655 302,990 760 380 375 295 150 140 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 20,605 10,535 10,070
Worked at home 182,015 89,915 92,100 375 200 175 110 70 40 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 1,990 905 1,085
Worked outside Canada 2,460 1,800 660 10 10 0 0 0 0 58,335 40,295 18,035 10 10 0
No fixed workplace address 89,650 66,145 23,505 20 10 15 10 10 0 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 2,320 1,735 585
Usual place of work 364,515 177,790 186,730 345 160 185 175 75 100 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 16,280 7,880 8,395
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 364,520 177,790 186,730 350 160 185 170 75 100 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 16,280 7,885 8,390
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 332,545 158,240 174,305 325 145 180 170 65 100 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 14,640 6,900 7,740
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 22,900 13,305 9,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 785 440 350
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 5,875 4,210 1,665 15 15 0 0 0 0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 495 325 170
Commute to a different province or territory 3,200 2,035 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,060 60,210 37,850 355 215 140
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 454,170 243,935 210,235 370 175 195 180 80 100 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 18,600 9,620 8,985
Car, truck or van 378,085 208,085 169,995 310 140 175 155 65 90 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 13,475 7,020 6,450
Car, truck or van - as a driver 350,765 198,775 151,990 295 135 155 140 60 80 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 11,460 6,295 5,165
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 27,315 9,310 18,005 20 0 15 10 0 10 844,155 343,100 501,050 2,015 730 1,285
Public transit 39,905 17,255 22,645 30 25 10 0 0 0 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 140 80 65
Walked 19,195 8,805 10,390 0 0 0 15 10 0 672,815 296,610 376,205 3,615 1,590 2,020
Bicycle 3,955 2,970 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,615 92,195 46,415 285 195 90
Other method 13,035 6,820 6,215 30 10 20 0 0 0 285,820 144,225 141,595 1,090 735 355
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 454,170 243,935 210,235 370 175 195 180 80 100 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 18,600 9,620 8,985
Less than 15 minutes 97,610 44,795 52,810 40 10 25 55 20 35 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 14,405 7,310 7,095
15 to 29 minutes 213,150 115,080 98,070 215 110 110 95 40 55 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 2,990 1,550 1,445
30 to 44 minutes 99,695 58,885 40,805 95 40 50 20 10 10 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 505 270 235
45 to 59 minutes 20,845 11,730 9,110 15 10 0 0 0 0 910,610 542,485 368,125 190 130 55
60 minutes and over 22,870 13,440 9,430 10 0 0 10 10 0 926,120 599,115 327,005 505 355 150
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 454,170 243,935 210,235 370 175 195 180 80 100 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 18,600 9,620 8,985
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 28,655 20,330 8,325 10 10 0 10 10 0 938,820 701,960 236,865 405 300 110
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 79,585 49,005 30,585 15 10 10 35 20 15 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 1,450 1,040 410
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 116,785 61,460 55,320 115 65 45 60 25 40 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 4,780 2,710 2,080
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 86,045 42,180 43,860 110 50 55 25 15 15 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 8,045 3,570 4,475
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 67,250 30,565 36,680 80 25 55 20 10 20 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 2,120 1,020 1,105
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 75,850 40,390 35,455 40 10 30 20 0 15 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 1,790 985 805
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 285,180 146,410 138,775 610 330 280 170 80 90 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 10,195 5,210 4,985
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 20,385 10,340 10,050 70 40 30 15 5 5 897,205 456,120 441,085 1,115 540 575
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 264,795 136,070 128,725 540 290 245 155 70 80 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 9,085 4,675 4,410
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 205,680 105,675 100,005 465 260 210 125 65 65 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 7,170 3,635 3,535
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 15,120 7,690 7,430 55 30 25 15 5 5 682,190 346,420 335,770 790 385 400
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,850 3,820 4,030 30 15 15 10 5 5 467,685 234,475 233,215 525 255 270
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,275 3,870 3,400 25 15 15 5 0 0 214,500 111,950 102,550 265 130 135
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 190,560 97,990 92,580 410 230 185 115 55 55 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 6,380 3,245 3,130

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Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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