Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			48062570More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			48061335More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	1,677	...	...	595	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	14,223,942	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	453	...	...	207	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	5,929,250	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	447	...	...	204	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	5,491,201	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	4,523.9	...	...	3,115.2	...	...	4.2	...	...	15.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	0.37	...	...	0.19	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	892,411.76	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	1,675	875	805	595	295	300	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	14,223,945	6,970,855	7,253,085
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	495	275	220	145	65	75	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	2,251,795	1,155,630	1,096,160
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	130	70	65	40	15	25	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	683,515	350,035	333,480
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	170	100	75	55	25	25	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	764,430	392,380	372,050
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	190	105	85	50	25	25	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	803,850	413,215	390,635
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	1,125	575	550	350	175	175	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	9,334,440	4,616,340	4,718,100
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	155	80	75	35	15	15	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	801,455	413,485	387,970
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	85	55	30	20	15	5	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	895,600	465,525	430,075
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	40	25	15	15	5	5	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	975,400	497,185	478,215
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	60	20	40	25	5	10	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	981,210	487,465	493,745
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	155	65	85	40	20	20	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	948,030	463,170	484,860
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	180	85	95	55	25	30	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	890,160	427,860	462,295
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	195	90	105	55	30	25	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	894,580	430,580	464,005
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	135	70	60	30	10	20	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	941,270	455,420	485,845
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	85	50	30	45	20	20	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	1,040,160	507,700	532,465
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	45	25	15	35	15	15	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	966,575	467,955	498,625
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	55	30	30	105	55	50	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	2,637,710	1,198,880	1,438,825
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	25	10	15	30	15	15	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	813,215	386,325	426,890
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	20	15	5	25	10	15	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	691,280	325,435	365,840
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	5	0	5	25	10	15	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	469,485	217,485	252,000
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	5	0	5	15	10	5	840,545	370,905	469,645	325,110	143,070	182,045
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	5	5	0	5	0	5	861,395	319,540	541,860	338,620	126,565	212,050
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	5	5	0	0	0	5	525,445	212,735	312,705	205,480	83,875	121,605
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	0	0	0	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	101,430	34,715	66,710
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	28,000	7,235	20,770
100 years and over	195	45	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	3,705	745	2,965
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	29.6	31.4	27.3	24.4	22.0	25.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	15.8	16.6	15.1
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	67.2	65.7	68.3	58.8	59.3	58.3	64.8	65.4	64.2	65.6	66.2	65.0
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	3.3	3.4	3.7	17.6	18.6	16.7	19.0	17.7	20.2	18.5	17.2	19.8
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	0.3	0.6	0.0	0.8	0.0	1.7	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	31.5	31.0	32.0	39.7	40.4	39.0	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.8	40.7	42.8
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	35.2	31.4	37.2	42.4	42.8	41.2	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	450	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	445	...	...	205	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	2,942,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	303,260	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	505,265	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	821,490	...	...	181,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	548,785	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	984,665	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	10,220	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	14,985	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	450	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	60	...	...	60	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	1,798,040	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	80	...	...	35	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	872,480	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	200	...	...	55	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	825,445	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	95	...	...	20	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	542,700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,675	875	805	590	295	295	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Average household size	2.6	...	...	3.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	1,185	600	580	455	235	220	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	11,972,145	5,815,220	6,156,925
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	840	420	425	320	160	160	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	6,769,725	3,384,485	3,385,240
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	810	400	405	295	150	145	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	5,738,390	2,866,825	2,871,565
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	35	20	15	30	10	20	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	1,031,340	517,665	513,670
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	25	15	10	10	5	10	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	727,825	366,175	361,650
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	0	0	0	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	55,440	29,445	25,995
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	10	5	10	15	5	10	721,715	365,760	355,950	220,445	110,510	109,935
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	0	0	0	5	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	27,625	11,535	16,095
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	340	180	160	130	70	60	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	5,202,420	2,430,735	2,771,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	290	170	125	100	60	45	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	3,515,215	1,885,705	1,629,515
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	15	0	15	5	0	5	741,135	319,045	422,090	333,775	139,675	194,100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	15	5	10	15	5	5	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	695,630	266,865	428,765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	15	5	10	15	5	10	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	657,800	138,495	519,305
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	445	...	...	175	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	80	...	...	60	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	1,936,595	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	95	...	...	40	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	877,660	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	205	...	...	55	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	811,380	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	70	...	...	15	...	...	855,960	...	...	344,035	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.6	...	...	3.2	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	445	...	...	175	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	415	...	...	160	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	3,291,560	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	400	...	...	145	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	2,776,165	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	340	...	...	95	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	1,571,480	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	55	...	...	55	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	1,204,680	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	515,395	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	189,835	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	5	...	...	5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	325,560	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	30	...	...	15	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	678,110	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	538,450	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...	383,670	...	...	139,660	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,675	875	800	595	295	295	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	1,620	850	770	555	275	275	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	11,601,460	5,741,475	5,859,990
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	825	415	410	320	160	160	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	6,583,120	3,292,585	3,290,525
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	35	10	20	10	5	10	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	678,110	139,660	538,450
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	760	425	335	225	115	105	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	4,340,235	2,309,225	2,031,005
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	710	395	310	200	105	100	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	3,281,460	1,736,630	1,544,825
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	55	30	20	20	10	5	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	1,058,775	572,595	486,185
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	55	25	30	35	20	15	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	2,430,295	1,146,280	1,284,010
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	15	10	10	30	15	10	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	1,452,540	651,180	801,365
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	25	10	20	0	0	0	927,345	393,085	534,260	388,780	155,465	233,320
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	15	5	5	5	0	5	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	588,970	339,640	249,325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	445	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	385	...	...	170	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	3,347,195	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	365	...	...	155	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	2,841,660	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	325	...	...	100	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	1,517,365	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	40	...	...	55	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	1,324,295	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	20	...	...	15	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	505,535	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...	221,120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	45,215	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...	450,415	...	...	184,430	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...	663,835	...	...	240,700	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	1,180	605	585	450	230	220	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	1,080	555	520	420	215	205	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	72,000	103,000	52,800	60,000	77,000	50,400	41,200	46,400	36,800	41,200	46,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	1,080	555	520	420	215	205	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	62,400	86,000	46,800	52,400	65,500	44,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	37,200	41,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	1,020	535	485	405	205	190	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	10,010,415	4,968,685	5,041,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	74,000	109,000	50,000	54,000	69,000	42,000	35,200	42,400	29,200	36,000	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	870	465	400	315	170	150	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	8,153,180	4,198,670	3,954,510
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	78,500	108,000	53,200	59,600	79,000	46,800	37,200	43,200	32,000	38,000	43,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	805	435	370	350	175	175	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	10,239,835	4,910,535	5,329,295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	2,000	1,110	5,120	7,200	6,120	7,750	9,800	8,500	11,000	8,900	6,850	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	75	35	40	35	20	15	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	1,054,225	467,500	586,725
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,400	6,280	6,600	6,240	x	x	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,600	5,520	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	300	150	155	75	40	40	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	3,327,770	1,623,900	1,703,870
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	7,250	6,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	1,210	585	625	460	230	230	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	1,080	535	545	440	225	210	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	11,296,770	5,486,720	5,810,050
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	111,600	157,000	66,800	85,600	104,000	65,500	54,450	62,650	46,560	56,350	64,900	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	1,080	535	545	440	225	210	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	11,302,690	5,489,710	5,812,980
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	83,200	112,800	54,000	69,600	84,000	54,400	44,920	50,320	39,680	46,280	51,900	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	1,010	500	510	420	210	210	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	10,011,345	4,970,240	5,041,105
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	114,600	163,000	66,400	81,200	103,000	59,200	50,240	59,500	41,000	52,700	62,350	43,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	855	445	410	340	180	160	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	8,153,185	4,198,665	3,954,515
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	116,400	161,000	67,600	76,800	94,000	56,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	52,600	60,500	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	760	385	375	360	190	170	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	10,242,610	4,912,020	5,330,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	6,300	5,920	6,680	9,320	9,700	8,900	11,170	10,180	12,060	10,640	9,440	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	45	20	20	55	25	30	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	1,052,985	466,380	586,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	8,800	11,000	7,200	6,800	8,500	4,800	7,050	6,710	7,370	6,640	6,120	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	280	130	155	90	45	50	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	3,321,155	1,619,825	1,701,335
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	9,600	9,600	9,600	9,800	11,200	8,400	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,300	9,150	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	1,210	585	625	465	235	230	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	485	300	185	165	105	65	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	3,865,695	2,145,810	1,719,885
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	140,000	182,000	106,000	104,000	156,000	60,000	63,600	69,000	58,000	67,000	72,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	180,000	218,000	116,000	122,000	146,000	80,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	82,400	90,700	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	300	110	195	135	45	85	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	3,112,160	1,451,440	1,660,720
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	19,800	19,800	15,700	32,400	18,000	32,400	18,400	21,000	16,600	17,400	19,400	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	35,200	44,000	30,000	39,500	33,000	44,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	28,520	32,760	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	96.0	97.0	93.0	91.0	92.0	90.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.8	87.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	82.8	86.0	76.0	69.5	72.0	64.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	67.4	71.4	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	4.0	2.7	6.9	9.0	7.8	11.0	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.1	13.0	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	0.3	0.3	0.4	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	2.4	1.5	4.4	2.6	2.2	3.2	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.5	4.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	2.2	1.5	4.0	2.3	2.2	2.8	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.9	4.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	1,185	600	580	450	230	220	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	100	45	60	30	10	15	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	488,030	248,310	239,725
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	1,080	560	525	420	215	205	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	155	65	90	25	10	15	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	977,950	423,650	554,300
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	70	35	35	25	10	15	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	1,383,475	596,755	786,720
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	95	40	50	45	20	25	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	1,752,040	763,295	988,745
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	80	25	50	35	15	20	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	1,388,215	609,735	778,480
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	50	20	30	40	15	30	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	1,190,885	547,655	643,230
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	40	15	30	40	15	20	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	985,270	468,060	517,205
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	45	20	25	25	15	10	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	782,980	396,770	386,210
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	35	15	25	20	15	10	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	612,620	331,080	281,545
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	40	20	20	10	5	5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	477,445	271,290	206,150
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	40	20	20	30	15	10	965,950	553,435	412,510	385,830	218,395	167,435
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	430	280	150	120	80	40	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	1,358,115	858,695	499,415
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	145	75	70	50	35	20	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	897,615	538,590	359,025
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	290	205	80	65	50	20	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	460,495	320,105	140,395
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	1,185	600	580	450	230	220	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	100	45	60	30	10	15	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	482,035	245,195	236,845
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	1,080	560	525	420	215	205	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	160	70	90	25	10	20	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	1,025,995	440,280	585,715
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	75	35	40	30	15	15	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	1,442,850	625,100	817,750
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	105	50	55	50	20	25	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	1,967,040	859,195	1,107,840
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	85	30	50	45	20	25	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	1,621,120	733,430	887,690
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	55	20	35	50	20	30	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	1,384,490	655,400	729,090
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	55	25	35	30	15	15	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	1,068,365	535,895	532,470
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	55	20	35	35	15	15	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	782,135	422,645	359,495
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	45	20	30	20	15	10	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	572,210	325,895	246,315
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	60	30	30	20	10	10	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	457,650	249,665	207,980
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	35	20	20	20	15	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	280,640	169,480	111,160
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	350	245	105	90	65	25	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	698,310	471,495	226,815
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	85	50	35	35	25	10	792,455	530,970	261,490	344,450	223,970	120,480
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	260	195	70	55	35	15	804,335	578,645	225,695	353,860	247,525	106,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	1,185	600	580	450	230	220	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	315	135	180	135	60	70	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	3,629,670	1,535,015	2,094,650
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	865	465	400	315	165	145	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	8,153,175	4,198,665	3,954,510
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	85	40	50	45	25	20	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	1,218,885	604,555	614,330
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	60	30	30	15	5	5	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	688,670	304,845	383,825
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	75	35	40	25	10	15	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	928,840	424,990	503,850
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	35	15	20	15	5	10	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	696,570	325,510	371,065
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	55	15	35	30	10	20	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	677,110	320,720	356,390
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	25	10	20	15	10	10	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	672,005	320,925	351,080
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	45	20	25	15	5	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	611,665	307,370	304,290
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	25	10	15	15	10	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	519,955	278,350	241,605
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	30	15	20	10	0	5	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	419,875	237,375	182,500
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	30	20	15	10	5	10	929,490	539,395	390,095	352,235	207,090	145,150
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	35	15	20	20	15	10	760,035	439,505	320,530	316,750	176,135	140,615
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	365	245	120	100	70	30	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	1,050,620	690,800	359,820
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	75	35	35	35	15	15	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	489,720	295,720	194,005
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	295	205	85	65	50	20	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	560,895	395,080	165,810
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	1,180	605	585	450	230	220	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	1,040	535	505	415	210	205	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	11,051,405	5,357,685	5,693,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	77,000	117,000	56,000	64,000	81,000	49,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	1,040	535	505	420	210	205	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	11,055,345	5,358,275	5,697,070
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	65,000	94,000	49,600	54,800	67,500	44,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,600	40,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	990	515	475	405	205	200	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	9,877,245	4,895,500	4,981,740
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	82,000	123,000	56,000	60,400	79,000	43,200	36,800	44,000	30,800	37,600	44,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	870	465	405	315	160	150	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	8,159,090	4,190,670	3,968,420
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	81,000	119,000	55,200	66,000	85,000	56,800	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	730	390	340	340	175	165	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	9,643,335	4,616,005	5,027,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	890	890	1,010	2,460	1,010	4,200	4,240	1,960	6,450	2,200	1,010	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	60	15	45	25	10	15	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	723,990	308,550	415,450
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	7,000	x	11,600	9,700	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,640	5,360	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	1,210	585	625	460	230	230	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	1,010	510	505	435	225	210	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	11,053,285	5,358,015	5,695,270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	121,800	177,000	66,400	85,600	112,000	57,600	52,350	61,250	43,800	53,800	62,850	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	1,010	510	505	435	225	210	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	11,057,080	5,358,540	5,698,545
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	89,200	125,200	53,000	68,400	87,000	48,400	42,920	49,000	37,160	44,080	50,120	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	960	485	475	425	215	210	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	9,878,270	4,896,015	4,982,255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	125,800	183,000	67,200	82,800	111,000	53,200	51,040	60,800	41,320	53,250	63,150	43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	825	420	405	350	190	160	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	8,160,870	4,191,675	3,969,185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	119,400	171,000	65,600	81,600	102,000	56,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	52,700	60,850	44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	675	380	295	345	175	170	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	9,644,415	4,616,310	5,028,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	3,210	1,790	5,000	6,440	6,120	6,800	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,150	5,990	8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	75	25	55	35	0	25	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	725,250	308,485	416,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	11,200	5,600	13,600	12,000	...	11,000	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,340	6,410	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	1,210	585	625	465	235	230	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	470	290	180	165	105	65	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	3,830,200	2,124,710	1,705,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	136,000	192,000	94,000	111,000	152,000	86,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	62,800	68,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	169,000	214,000	100,000	126,000	152,000	84,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	77,800	86,600	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	265	95	170	130	55	80	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	2,925,680	1,365,355	1,560,325
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	22,200	20,200	30,200	39,600	45,200	39,600	24,200	28,000	21,800	23,600	26,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	58,800	86,000	44,000	49,000	60,000	42,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	34,640	39,840	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	98.4	99.0	96.0	94.0	96.0	90.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	88.4	91.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	80.0	80.0	78.5	76.0	78.0	72.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	72.4	75.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	1.8	0.8	4.4	6.0	4.3	9.4	12.3	8.9	16.9	11.6	8.2	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.7	0.1	2.2	1.0	x	2.0	1.2	1.0	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	450	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	248,000	...	...	152,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	192,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	15	...	...	30	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	x	...	...	55,200	...	...	41,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	x	...	...	46,400	...	...	37,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	430	...	...	175	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	4,038,660	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	256,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	194,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	277,000	...	...	180,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	207,000	...	...	146,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	0	...	...	25	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	1,451,915	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	...	...	...	100,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	x	...	...	76,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	425	...	...	185	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	4,039,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	276,000	...	...	190,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	206,000	...	...	155,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	450	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	61,515	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	30,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	63,360	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	96,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...	637,695	...	...	186,250	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	505,875	...	...	168,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...	488,735	...	...	158,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	560,950	...	...	175,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...	572,650	...	...	182,900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	559,155	...	...	182,945	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	370,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	364,585	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...	986,460	...	...	350,520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	332,395	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...	844,835	...	...	310,400	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	380	...	...	150	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	2,455,095	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	20	...	...	25	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	662,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	20	...	...	20	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	500,495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	60	...	...	40	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	630,420	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	270	...	...	65	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	661,550	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	450	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	69,645	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	32,100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	65,025	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	101,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	5	...	...	0	...	...	681,900	...	...	197,995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	589,110	...	...	190,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...	582,275	...	...	183,505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	666,675	...	...	204,300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	0	...	...	5	...	...	676,995	...	...	215,785	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	655,100	...	...	217,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	440,280	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	430,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	10	...	...	5	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	409,865	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	15	...	...	5	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	385,295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	10	...	...	10	...	...	911,515	...	...	343,595	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	370	...	...	140	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	2,003,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	35	...	...	35	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	685,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	45	...	...	25	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	472,130	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	290	...	...	85	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	846,155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	430	...	...	175	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	3,875,790	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	256,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	194,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	40	...	...	55	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	1,361,615	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	170,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	127,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	350	...	...	105	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	1,770,030	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	272,000	...	...	198,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	208,000	...	...	160,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	25	...	...	15	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	610,815	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	115,000	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	103,000	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	30	15	15	35	20	15	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	2,041,505	990,815	1,050,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	49,200	x	x	49,200	x	x	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,800	40,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	47,600	x	x	42,800	x	x	34,800	36,000	33,600	35,600	36,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	420	...	...	185	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	3,873,665	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	275,000	...	...	190,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	205,000	...	...	155,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	45	...	...	65	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	1,359,275	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	160,000	...	...	148,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	124,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	345	...	...	110	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	1,773,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	306,000	...	...	220,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	168,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	225,000	...	...	176,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	607,780	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	90,000	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	80,000	...	...	x	...	...	71,800	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	15	0	15	25	15	15	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	2,039,230	985,390	1,053,840
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	200,000	...	100,000	95,000	140,000	45,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	51,800	54,250	49,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	160,000	...	90,000	68,000	100,000	32,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	43,440	44,880	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,675	875	805	590	295	295	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	14,031,755	6,887,755	7,143,995
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	600	325	275	165	80	90	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	2,726,265	1,400,695	1,325,570
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	160	85	80	50	20	30	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	831,185	425,620	405,560
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	1,020	515	505	325	160	160	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	8,795,220	4,328,780	4,466,440
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	55	30	30	105	55	45	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	2,510,270	1,158,280	1,351,985
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	75	40	35	10	5	5	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	1,420,525	664,975	755,550
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	25	15	10	0	0	0	854,565	439,490	415,075	314,150	161,695	152,455
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	5	5	5	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	102,930	52,570	50,360
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	45	25	20	5	5	0	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	803,215	385,100	418,120
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	5	0	0	0	0	0	985,745	391,695	594,050	303,160	118,180	184,980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	4.2	4.4	4.0	1.2	x	1.6	11.1	10.5	11.6	10.1	9.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	4.0	4.5	4.0	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.5	11.5	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	5.0	x	8.0	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.4	12.4	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	4.2	4.4	3.6	1.6	x	x	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.1	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	x	x	x	x	x	x	15.0	12.7	16.9	12.1	10.2	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,680	875	800	595	295	295	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	13,977,120	6,860,325	7,116,790
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	600	330	270	165	80	85	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	2,709,120	1,391,825	1,317,290
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	165	80	80	50	15	30	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	825,865	422,885	402,980
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	1,020	520	500	320	160	160	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	8,763,785	4,313,030	4,450,755
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	60	30	30	100	55	50	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	2,504,220	1,155,470	1,348,745
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	50	30	20	5	0	5	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	738,795	379,035	359,760
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	10	10	0	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	126,035	64,885	61,150
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	39,415	20,100	19,315
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	30	15	15	5	0	0	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	541,410	283,705	257,710
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	5	0	0	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	71,350	30,450	40,900
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	2.9	3.4	2.4	0.8	x	x	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.3	5.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	2.4	3.2	1.6	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	x	x	x	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	3.0	3.6	2.4	x	x	x	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	x	x	x	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	2.9	2.6	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,675	875	805	590	295	300	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	14,031,755	6,887,760	7,143,995
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	260	125	130	110	50	55	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	6,516,085	3,131,205	3,384,880
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	55	30	25	10	0	10	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	1,318,120	643,165	674,955
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	50	20	30	10	5	0	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	1,283,940	594,495	689,440
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	55	25	30	25	10	15	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	1,292,030	618,405	673,625
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	35	20	15	30	15	15	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	1,296,710	628,155	668,555
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	60	30	30	35	15	20	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	1,325,280	646,975	678,300
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	1,415	750	670	485	245	240	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	7,515,670	3,756,555	3,759,115
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	65	40	30	40	20	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	1,365,960	672,380	693,580
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	105	50	55	75	35	40	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	1,415,070	700,525	714,550
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	145	80	65	80	40	40	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	1,482,300	739,210	743,095
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	235	115	115	80	40	40	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	1,581,535	794,505	787,030
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	870	470	400	205	105	100	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	1,670,800	849,940	820,865
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	1,680	...	...	595	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	14,031,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.384	...	...	0.298	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.414	...	...	0.352	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.329	...	...	0.256	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.308	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.4	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,680	875	800	595	295	295	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	1,505	790	720	535	265	265	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	12,196,575	6,083,990	6,112,590
French only	825	350	480	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	39,310	17,190	22,125
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	150	75	70	60	30	30	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	1,519,365	678,385	840,975
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	25	10	15	0	0	0	689,725	284,170	405,555	344,545	138,355	206,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,680	875	800	595	295	295	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	1,620	850	775	580	290	295	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	13,179,535	6,510,015	6,669,520
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	15	5	5	10	5	0	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	484,425	227,550	256,875
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	15	5	5	0	0	0	476,175	237,635	238,535	98,270	45,480	52,790
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	25	10	15	0	0	0	673,100	275,685	397,420	337,560	134,870	202,685
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,680	875	800	595	295	295	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	1,600	830	770	585	290	290	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	13,430,605	6,594,620	6,835,990
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	1,050	555	495	550	275	270	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	9,642,770	4,785,140	4,857,635
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	1,035	550	490	535	270	270	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	9,179,655	4,566,580	4,613,080
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	10	5	5	10	5	0	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	463,120	218,560	244,550
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	545	275	270	35	15	20	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	3,787,835	1,809,480	1,978,355
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	0	0	0	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	14,475	6,735	7,740
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	13,545	6,360	7,185
Blackfoot	175	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	5	5	5
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	2,815	1,365	1,455
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	10	0	5
Cree languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	2,800	1,360	1,440
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	125	55	70
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	60	20	35
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	550	240	315
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	35	20	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	50	25	15
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	1,975	985	990
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315	15	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	70	35	30
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	60	25	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	10,645	4,955	5,690
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460	35	15	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	4,240	2,015	2,225
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	6,365	2,920	3,445
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	280	130	145
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	25	15	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	6,000	2,745	3,250
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	30	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	30	15	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	15	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	510	200	310
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	5	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	505	195	305
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205	270	100	165
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	35	15	15
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155	190	75	115
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	40	10	25
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	20	5	15
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	10	5	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	10	5	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	5	5	0
Stoney	60	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	5	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	65	30	35
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	545	275	270	35	15	20	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	3,773,365	1,802,745	1,970,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	40	20	20	0	0	0	698,355	359,625	338,730	310,765	156,145	154,620
Berber languages	125	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	855	480	370
Kabyle	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	580	315	265
Tamazight	30	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	215	130	80
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170	60	35	25
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	635	350	280
Hausa	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	560	315	245
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335	70	35	35
Coptic	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	535	265	275
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	27,575	12,405	15,170
Bilen	170	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	930	495	440
Oromo	1,370	685	685	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	1,540	760	785
Somali	1,600	795	805	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	24,700	10,945	13,755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	400	350	405	215	190
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	40	20	20	0	0	0	618,450	320,045	298,405	281,160	142,645	138,515
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	12,490	5,745	6,740
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	40	20	20	0	0	0	508,410	265,350	243,060	214,230	109,870	104,360
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	24,105	11,685	12,420
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	15,665	7,535	8,125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	7,480	3,655	3,820
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	960	485	475
Harari	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	970	430	540
Hebrew	455	225	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	11,630	6,255	5,375
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	4,120	1,950	2,175
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	13,360	6,585	6,775
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220	255	130	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	5	0	0	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	84,300	37,815	46,485
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	7,065	3,170	3,900
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	5	0	0	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	77,085	34,585	42,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225	140	60	80
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	15	5	10	5	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	208,395	83,860	124,535
Bikol	195	85	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	685	300	385
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	2,735	1,115	1,625
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	5,900	2,290	3,615
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	40	20	20
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	3,775	1,460	2,315
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	14,680	5,995	8,680
Indonesian	665	270	395	5	0	5	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	5,440	2,345	3,095
Kankanaey	190	80	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	375	160	215
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	275	115	160
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	125	55	70
Merina	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	30	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425	95	40	50
Malay	135	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	540	220	325
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	1,910	875	1,040
Pangasinan	195	95	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	750	320	430
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	10	5	5	5	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	168,845	67,675	101,175
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	590	240	355
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	1,710	690	1,020
Creole languages	560	275	285	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	11,690	5,335	6,355
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	5,160	2,260	2,905
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	315	290	435	220	210
Krio	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435	290	115	170
Morisyen	95	50	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	1,990	955	1,035
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300	45	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	2,690	1,255	1,435
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	1,080	500	580
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	10	5	5	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	185,145	93,855	91,285
Kannada	355	180	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	4,335	2,215	2,115
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	32,805	17,970	14,835
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	10	5	5	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	126,640	61,665	64,970
Telugu	1,255	660	595	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	20,715	11,690	9,030
Tulu	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305	415	205	210
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	170	195	235	105	130
Georgian	120	70	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	1,650	890	760
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	480	225	255
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	195	95	100	25	5	15	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	2,119,610	1,032,375	1,087,230
Albanian	1,330	695	630	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	20,720	10,295	10,425
Armenian	260	135	125	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	14,680	7,060	7,620
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	30	10	15	15	5	5	648,810	297,100	351,710	377,895	172,690	205,205
Baltic languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	7,425	3,050	4,370
Latvian	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	3,050	1,250	1,800
Lithuanian	270	130	140	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	4,370	1,800	2,570
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	30	10	15	15	5	5	638,250	292,670	345,580	370,475	169,640	200,840
Belarusian	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395	440	200	240
Bulgarian	785	395	390	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	8,565	4,050	4,520
Czech	1,190	545	650	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	9,060	4,035	5,025
Macedonian	135	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	13,620	6,490	7,130
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	5	5	5	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	106,275	47,780	58,495
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	15	5	10	5	0	5	197,905	89,100	108,800	104,310	46,870	57,440
Rusyn	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	225	105	115
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	77,145	37,410	39,740
Bosnian	780	380	405	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	7,140	3,495	3,650
Croatian	1,755	830	925	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	28,385	13,465	14,925
Serbian	1,830	900	925	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	40,465	19,915	20,555
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	1,160	545	610
Slovak	940	465	475	5	0	0	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	8,675	3,910	4,765
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	5,520	2,350	3,175
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	0	0	0	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	36,340	16,285	20,055
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205	285	150	135
Celtic languages	100	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	795	390	405
Irish	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	225	120	105
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	170	85	85
Welsh	40	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	410	420	320	140	175
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95	80	45	35
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	0	0	0	15	5	5	463,400	221,365	242,035	167,265	78,455	88,810
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	970	465	505
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	0	0	0	5	0	5	301,570	142,580	158,990	102,915	47,630	55,285
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	0	0	0	5	0	5	272,865	128,250	144,615	89,075	40,865	48,205
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	8,895	4,435	4,460
Swiss German	210	105	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	2,390	1,125	1,265
Yiddish	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	2,555	1,200	1,350
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	0	0	0	5	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	56,725	27,350	29,375
Afrikaans	905	445	455	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	2,865	1,460	1,405
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	0	0	0	5	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	41,240	19,735	21,505
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	1,930	965	970
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	440	210	230
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	8,610	4,275	4,340
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	1,630	700	930
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	6,440	2,905	3,530
Danish	560	295	265	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	3,370	1,545	1,830
Icelandic	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	430	480	175	80	95
Norwegian	165	70	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	800	350	445
Swedish	235	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	2,090	930	1,160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	225	105	115
Greek	1,385	640	745	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	47,970	23,270	24,700
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	95	45	45	0	0	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	884,995	452,190	432,805
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	50	25	25	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	715,085	367,815	347,270
Assamese	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	325	150	175
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	54,990	27,905	27,085
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	10	0	5	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	95,785	50,450	45,340
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	25	15	15	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	87,035	45,590	41,445
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	3,880	1,760	2,120
Kashmiri	75	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	745	395	350	460	230	230
Konkani	160	75	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	2,595	1,260	1,340
Marathi	980	495	480	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	9,460	4,875	4,585
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	12,430	6,280	6,155
Oriya languages	95	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	1,325	690	630
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	830	445	380
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	325	320	490	245	245
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	5	5	5	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	260,075	135,000	125,075
Rohingya	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	290	145	145
Sindhi	285	150	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	2,670	1,375	1,300
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	11,040	5,400	5,645
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	5	5	5	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	170,955	85,745	85,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	1,760	955	805
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	45	20	20	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	169,765	84,295	85,470
Baluchi	50	30	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	335	185	150
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	9,120	4,850	4,275
Parsi	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240	330	180	145
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	12,780	6,585	6,195
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	45	20	20	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	146,700	72,240	74,460
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	34,340	16,650	17,685
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	40	20	20	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	97,135	47,970	49,165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	15,230	7,615	7,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	425	390	495	260	240
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	305	165	140	145	85	65
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	70	35	35	0	0	0	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	605,070	287,915	317,155
Catalan	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440	285	140	140
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	10	10	5	0	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	194,125	92,875	101,255
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	0	0	0	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	153,750	73,670	80,080
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	5	5	0	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	38,955	18,100	20,850
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	55	25	25	0	0	0	538,870	259,500	279,375	217,245	102,760	114,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	710	370	345
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185	205	105	100
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	12,880	4,245	8,635
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	55	30	25	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	75,220	34,160	41,065
Mongolian	450	200	245	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	535	235	305
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	15	10	5	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	42,470	19,960	22,515
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	9,325	4,405	4,915
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	185	100	85
Edo	90	45	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	1,165	475	685
Éwé	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	485	235	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	480	245	230
Ga	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	815	400	415	510	235	275
Ganda	60	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	1,195	560	635
Gikuyu	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	460	180	280
Igbo	730	380	355	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	2,385	1,220	1,170
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	1,920	845	1,075
Lingala	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	825	350	475
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	245	275	135	55	80
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260	60	30	30
Mwani	115	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	365	325	345	180	165
Ndebele	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	920	420	500	335	155	180
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	2,705	1,225	1,480
Shona	290	130	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	1,580	710	875
Soninke	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190	195	115	75
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	200	320	230	85	150
Swahili	725	355	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	6,445	3,010	3,440
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	60	35	30
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	460	240	220
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	10	5	5	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	7,335	3,560	3,775
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	5	0	0	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	3,655	1,710	1,940
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	1,935	955	985
Dinka	535	295	240	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	325	165	160
Nuer	375	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	320	150	170
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	1,125	555	570
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	575	305	270	165	80	80
Sign languages	230	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	2,775	1,480	1,300
American Sign Language	185	100	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	2,360	1,235	1,125
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465	35	20	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	385	225	160
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	185	90	95	10	5	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	632,250	291,600	340,655
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	185	90	95	10	5	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	621,980	286,570	335,410
Hakka	280	135	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	6,215	2,860	3,350
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	135	65	75	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	327,470	150,700	176,770
Min Dong	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	1,015	525	495
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	10,290	4,630	5,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	4,190	1,890	2,300
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	50	30	20	5	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	267,425	123,440	143,990
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	5,080	2,385	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	630	295	330	300	140	160
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	10,000	4,905	5,095
Burmese	255	120	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	1,540	755	790
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	440	200	240
Karenic languages	220	110	115	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	1,765	875	895
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	1,530	755	775
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	235	115	120
Tibetan	635	320	325	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	5,785	2,845	2,940
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	445	440	460	230	230
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	285	295	275	130	145
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	10	5	5	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	8,265	3,360	4,905
Lao	415	195	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	4,570	2,175	2,390
Thai	620	175	445	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	3,535	1,120	2,420
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240	165	65	100
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	5	5	0	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	32,270	17,020	15,250
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	2,870	1,545	1,325
Kazakh	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305	255	115	135
Turkish	1,340	730	610	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	26,740	14,190	12,550
Uyghur	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	720	360	360
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	1,080	520	565
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	610	290	320
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	5	0	0	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	42,270	19,005	23,265
Estonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	3,450	1,510	1,940
Finnish	240	85	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	7,650	3,210	4,445
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	31,170	14,290	16,875
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	460	220	240
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	75	45	35	5	5	5	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	669,185	323,300	345,885
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	5	5	5	5	5	5	291,325	142,420	148,905	96,260	45,030	51,235
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	65	35	30	5	0	0	921,480	450,685	470,800	494,610	242,470	252,140
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	0	0	0	0	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040	15,710	7,085	8,620
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	16,770	7,725	9,045
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	45,835	20,990	24,845
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,680	875	800	595	295	295	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	1,055	555	500	550	275	275	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	9,630,975	4,782,040	4,848,935
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	188,560	89,335	99,230
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	165	80	80	5	5	5	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	1,124,950	528,060	596,895
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	2,630	1,260	1,375
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	165	80	80	5	5	5	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	1,122,315	526,805	595,515
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	20	10	15	15	10	5	953,760	465,560	488,205	274,675	124,275	150,400
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	415	215	200	20	10	10	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	2,647,980	1,289,510	1,358,470
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0	0	0	0	0	0	395,320	188,195	207,125	14,065	6,055	8,010
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	15	5	10	0	0	0	455,760	217,995	237,770	117,430	51,870	65,565
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	10	5	0	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	101,145	46,775	54,370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,680	875	800	595	295	295	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	1,595	835	760	585	295	290	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	13,384,695	6,573,230	6,811,465
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	1,255	660	595	575	290	290	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	11,165,425	5,509,035	5,656,395
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	1,255	660	595	575	290	285	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	10,910,560	5,389,445	5,521,125
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	254,870	119,590	135,275
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	340	170	170	10	0	5	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	2,219,265	1,064,195	1,155,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	5,710	2,820	2,890
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	5,430	2,695	2,735
Blackfoot	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	1,230	620	605
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	1,220	620	605
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	30	15	15
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	15	10	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	135	50	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	1,015	530	485
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	20	10	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	20	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	4,185	2,060	2,120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	1,985	995	985
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	2,195	1,065	1,125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	95	50	50
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	2,070	1,005	1,065
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	15	5	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	5	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	150	65	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	150	65	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	75	30	45
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	10	5	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	50	20	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	15	5	10
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	5	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	5	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	340	170	170	10	0	5	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	2,213,555	1,061,375	1,152,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	35	15	15	0	0	0	395,840	197,010	198,830	181,660	88,245	93,420
Berber languages	45	30	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	365	195	170
Kabyle	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	220	115	100
Tamazight	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380	100	55	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130	45	25	20
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410	355	180	170
Hausa	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305	325	165	155
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105	30	10	15
Coptic	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	255	125	130
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	16,105	7,125	8,980
Bilen	130	65	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	800	440	355
Oromo	995	495	495	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	840	385	455
Somali	1,010	470	535	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	14,230	6,180	8,050
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	230	115	115
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	35	15	15	0	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	164,590	80,620	83,970
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	6,405	2,865	3,545
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	35	15	15	0	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	124,865	61,605	63,260
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	18,120	8,680	9,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	11,870	5,645	6,225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	5,550	2,685	2,865
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	705	345	355
Harari	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	515	225	290
Hebrew	235	115	115	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	4,925	2,505	2,415
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	770	350	420
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	8,870	4,335	4,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115	120	60	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	0	0	0	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	55,990	25,430	30,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	3,855	1,705	2,150
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	52,080	23,700	28,380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135	55	25	30
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	5	0	0	5	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	115,225	50,755	64,470
Bikol	75	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	760	370	395	255	115	140
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	1,355	600	760
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	3,140	1,380	1,760
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	20	15	5
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	1,960	860	1,100
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	8,105	3,635	4,465
Indonesian	225	115	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	1,990	930	1,055
Kankanaey	110	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	210	100	110
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170	110	55	60
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355	45	15	35
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170	15	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190	35	15	20
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140	130	65	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	990	455	535
Pangasinan	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	310	375	250	115	140
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	0	0	0	5	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	95,635	41,970	53,660
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	325	360	230	90	140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	785	355	435
Creole languages	325	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	6,165	2,705	3,460
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	2,640	1,115	1,525
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	125	175	195	75	115
Krio	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	140	60	85
Morisyen	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	1,425	685	735
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160	30	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	1,325	565	760
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	395	475	420	195	225
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	5	5	5	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	129,245	64,385	64,855
Kannada	190	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	2,165	1,110	1,055
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	20,855	11,325	9,535
Tamil	1,395	710	680	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	93,165	44,735	48,425
Telugu	760	375	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	12,805	7,095	5,710
Tulu	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	120	120	145	65	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	205	105	105	110	55	60
Georgian	75	40	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	1,040	570	475
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	185	85	95
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	115	60	60	0	0	0	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	1,136,460	553,970	582,490
Albanian	610	325	290	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	9,880	4,875	5,005
Armenian	140	65	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	8,590	4,035	4,545
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	20	10	10	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	181,290	84,870	96,420
Baltic languages	195	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	1,640	700	940
Latvian	70	40	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	395	485	535	225	310
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	1,105	470	630
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	20	10	10	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	179,650	84,175	95,475
Belarusian	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115	145	70	75
Bulgarian	360	175	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	4,100	1,955	2,140
Czech	345	160	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	2,555	1,180	1,375
Macedonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	5,535	2,590	2,945
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	45,800	21,280	24,515
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	20	10	5	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	66,045	30,625	35,420
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	120	70	50
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	35,980	17,375	18,610
Bosnian	315	155	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	3,450	1,670	1,780
Croatian	650	300	350	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	9,990	4,660	5,335
Serbian	895	440	450	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	22,145	10,850	11,295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325	400	195	205
Slovak	350	165	180	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	3,070	1,470	1,600
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	1,000	420	580
Ukrainian	905	435	470	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	15,235	7,100	8,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	65	40	30
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	140	75	65
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	65	35	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	25	10	15
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	45	15	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	15	10	5
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	0	0	0	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	40,600	19,895	20,700
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155	85	45	45
High German languages	665	320	345	0	0	0	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	28,670	14,000	14,665
German	640	305	335	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	20,680	10,015	10,670
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	7,180	3,590	3,590
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	560	280	280
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	250	115	130
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	11,190	5,540	5,650
Afrikaans	435	215	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	1,175	595	580
Dutch	275	125	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	4,055	2,000	2,050
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	1,265	630	640
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	185	85	100
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	4,415	2,185	2,235
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120	95	40	50
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	620	300	315
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340	210	90	115
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95	30	15	20
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135	70	30	35
Swedish	70	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450	310	160	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390	40	15	20
Greek	430	185	245	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	19,065	8,615	10,455
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	55	25	25	0	0	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	601,605	304,195	297,410
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	25	10	10	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	487,535	248,975	238,560
Assamese	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	145	75	70
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	34,830	17,260	17,570
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	0	5	5	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	63,145	32,735	30,405
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	10	10	5	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	52,420	27,250	25,175
Kacchi	565	235	325	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	1,655	725	925
Kashmiri	50	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	145	65	75
Konkani	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	880	415	470	640	295	345
Marathi	565	285	280	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	4,975	2,540	2,440
Nepali	1,565	805	765	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	8,910	4,555	4,355
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	655	345	310
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	420	220	200
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	230	125	110
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	5	0	5	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	198,670	103,170	95,495
Rohingya	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	220	105	110
Sindhi	165	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	1,390	700	690
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	5,795	2,870	2,925
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	0	0	0	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	113,020	55,810	57,215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	930	470	455
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	25	10	15	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	114,005	55,190	58,815
Baluchi	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	195	105	90
Kurdish	735	355	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	5,560	2,815	2,740
Parsi	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150	170	80	90
Pashto	1,215	625	595	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	8,670	4,315	4,360
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	25	10	15	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	99,095	47,705	51,395
Dari	1,710	830	880	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	21,150	10,030	11,120
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	25	10	15	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	67,320	32,510	34,810
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	10,625	5,160	5,465
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225	310	170	135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	70	55	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	45	25	20	0	0	0	577,735	273,965	303,770	275,210	127,365	147,850
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190	105	50	55
Italian	945	425	520	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	58,670	24,180	34,495
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	0	0	0	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	74,745	35,620	39,120
Romanian	1,980	980	995	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	17,755	8,280	9,480
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	40	20	20	0	0	0	317,365	155,005	162,360	123,690	59,125	64,570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	220	240	110	130
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95	90	45	40
Japanese	1,075	455	615	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	5,875	2,485	3,390
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	40	25	20	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	53,585	24,865	28,720
Mongolian	305	135	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	290	145	145
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	16,065	7,275	8,785
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	4,370	1,945	2,425
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280	80	40	40
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	150	215	270	105	170
Éwé	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	225	245	120	50	65
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	220	110	115
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150	170	70	100
Ganda	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	260	295	345	160	180
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	70	35	35
Igbo	195	100	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	660	330	330
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	775	330	445
Lingala	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	330	135	190
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60	35	10	25
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35	10	5	5
Mwani	20	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	80	40	35
Ndebele	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160	115	55	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	1,375	630	750
Shona	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	450	195	250
Soninke	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85	105	60	40
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	55	20	35
Swahili	275	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	2,775	1,250	1,525
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160	35	25	15
Wolof	50	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	165	80	80
Yoruba	615	290	325	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	2,640	1,200	1,435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	835	400	435
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	820	380	440
Dinka	325	185	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	125	55	70
Nuer	255	110	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	185	80	110
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	460	220	240
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70	45	25	20
Sign languages	380	210	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	5,010	2,900	2,115
American Sign Language	295	160	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	3,920	2,240	1,680
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	50	30	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	1,035	625	410
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	120	55	65	5	0	0	967,965	450,210	517,755	469,325	219,365	249,965
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	120	55	65	5	0	0	955,685	444,115	511,565	461,870	215,705	246,165
Hakka	80	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	2,540	1,170	1,370
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	95	45	50	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	253,860	120,260	133,600
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405	650	310	340
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	4,890	2,195	2,700
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	2,765	1,300	1,465
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	20	10	15	5	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	193,955	88,915	105,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	3,090	1,495	1,595
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115	110	55	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	7,310	3,585	3,720
Burmese	160	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	960	460	505
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	305	140	165
Karenic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	1,275	640	630
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	1,105	555	550
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	170	85	80
Tibetan	485	250	235	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	4,540	2,245	2,300
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	225	110	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	135	155	145	70	80
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	3,995	1,875	2,120
Lao	175	80	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	2,395	1,145	1,245
Thai	240	110	125	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	1,520	700	820
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	85	35	55
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	19,965	10,165	9,800
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	1,445	715	730
Kazakh	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50	40	20	20
Turkish	910	470	440	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	17,160	8,770	8,390
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435	490	250	240
Uzbek	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480	580	285	300
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210	250	125	130
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	12,465	5,690	6,780
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	485	180	300
Finnish	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	1,140	500	640
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	10,835	5,000	5,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195	195	90	100
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	80	40	40	5	5	0	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	715,095	344,690	370,405
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	10	5	10	0	5	0	230,955	112,070	118,880	59,725	27,005	32,720
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	75	40	35	0	0	0	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	624,265	303,790	320,480
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	125,525	60,405	65,125	6,475	2,810	3,665
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	12,185	5,465	6,715
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	12,445	5,620	6,825
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	1,675	875	800	590	295	295	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	14,099,790	6,917,915	7,181,870
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	1,285	680	610	560	280	280	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	11,528,735	5,680,910	5,847,825
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	155	80	75	5	0	5	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	903,960	442,585	461,380
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	15	10	10	10	5	5	571,040	268,530	302,510	189,420	84,900	104,520
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	180	95	85	15	10	10	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	1,136,770	544,150	592,620
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	9,310	4,115	5,190
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	180	95	85	15	10	10	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	1,127,465	540,035	587,425
English and French	1,235	595	640	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585	16,580	7,565	9,020
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	15	5	5	0	0	0	323,845	161,995	161,850	140,865	70,400	70,470
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	10	0	5	0	0	0	134,565	61,575	72,995	52,565	22,740	29,820
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	2,920	1,450	1,465
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	15	5	10	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	127,975	63,220	64,755
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	1,680	880	800	595	280	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	1,640	860	780	595	280	320	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	13,688,615	6,750,410	6,938,210
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	1,640	860	780	595	280	320	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	13,650,230	6,733,550	6,916,680
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	185	90	95	45	20	20	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	1,550,545	690,530	860,020
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	770	385	375	40	15	25	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	5,058,180	2,428,200	2,629,980
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	0	0	0	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	29,850	13,765	16,080
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	0	0	0	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	26,775	12,415	14,355
Blackfoot	460	180	275	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	5,205	2,540	2,670
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	15	0	15
Cree languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	5,155	2,520	2,640
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	335	180	150
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	10	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	200	70	130
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	1,165	510	655
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	135	50	90
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	95	60	35
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	3,340	1,685	1,650
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	20	15	10
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	20	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	295	120	170
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	250	105	150
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	35	15	20
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	21,560	9,880	11,680
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	135	65	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	6,260	2,945	3,315
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	15,530	7,035	8,500
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	1,295	510	785
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	210	80	130
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	115	65	55
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	14,155	6,465	7,690
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	95	55	35
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	115	65	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	105	60	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	50	30	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	25	10	10
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	1,000	445	550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	25	15	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	25	15	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	970	425	540
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	15	0	10
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	1,625	650	980
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	210	85	125
Mohawk	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	1,220	465	755
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	35	10	20
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	135	45	85
Salish languages	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	65	45	20
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	25	10	15
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	10	10	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	20	15	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	65	50	20
Assiniboine	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	20	15	0
Dakota	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	15	0	10
Stoney	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	30	25	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	20	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	20	20	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	70	30	45
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	245	125	120
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	770	385	375	40	15	25	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	5,029,345	2,414,910	2,614,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	95	45	50	0	0	0	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	481,620	242,565	239,050
Berber languages	275	175	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	1,570	845	725
Kabyle	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	950	490	460
Tamazight	80	60	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	475	270	205
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	215	125	95
Chadic languages	350	215	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	2,210	1,060	1,140
Hausa	340	210	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	2,005	955	1,045
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	200	105	95
Coptic	85	35	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	2,130	1,000	1,130
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	41,520	19,095	22,425
Bilen	235	130	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	1,335	750	585
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	2,950	1,400	1,550
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	36,825	16,695	20,135
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	815	445	370
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	90	45	45	0	0	0	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	443,215	225,035	218,175
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	22,815	11,015	11,800
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	90	45	45	0	0	0	838,045	436,510	401,540	342,860	175,790	167,075
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	33,950	16,770	17,175
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	21,640	10,590	11,045
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	11,170	5,565	5,605
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	1,685	860	820
Harari	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	1,610	720	890
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	47,380	24,020	23,360
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	6,055	2,840	3,210
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	19,755	9,645	10,105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	685	410	270
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	0	0	0	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	115,355	52,805	62,550
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	10,085	4,540	5,535
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	0	0	0	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	105,800	48,475	57,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455	275	100	180
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	45	15	25	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	292,100	117,695	174,400
Bikol	505	265	240	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	1,345	565	785
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	3,410	1,370	2,040
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	11,100	4,270	6,835
Fijian	90	50	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	210	110	100
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	6,435	2,535	3,900
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	0	0	0	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	26,205	10,300	15,905
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	8,175	3,680	4,495
Kankanaey	250	105	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	620	255	365
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510	310	130	180
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	270	115	150
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	35	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	235	110	125
Malay	780	350	430	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	4,370	1,965	2,410
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	3,390	1,395	1,990
Pangasinan	460	235	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	1,610	650	960
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	25	10	15	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	271,450	108,415	163,035
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	1,810	705	1,105
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	6,850	2,845	4,005
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	36,585	16,590	19,990
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	14,220	6,345	7,875
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	3,385	1,515	1,870
Krio	125	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	650	240	410
Morisyen	355	170	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	5,645	2,735	2,910
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	270	105	165
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	10,235	4,450	5,785
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	4,065	1,960	2,105
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	20	10	10	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	272,060	139,105	132,950
Kannada	1,075	550	530	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	12,930	6,720	6,215
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	48,025	26,105	21,915
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	20	10	10	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	192,890	96,245	96,645
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	38,190	21,290	16,905
Tulu	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	1,225	655	570
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	970	450	520	685	285	395
Georgian	220	120	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	2,170	1,110	1,060
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	555	280	275
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	315	155	160	25	10	15	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	2,941,400	1,441,975	1,499,430
Albanian	1,825	990	840	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	26,725	13,445	13,275
Armenian	460	265	195	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	19,610	9,460	10,150
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	75	45	30	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	470,080	219,210	250,870
Baltic languages	485	220	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	9,715	4,055	5,665
Latvian	155	65	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	4,215	1,830	2,385
Lithuanian	330	155	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	5,520	2,240	3,280
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	75	45	30	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	462,520	216,100	246,420
Belarusian	85	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	1,630	685	950
Bulgarian	985	445	540	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	11,310	5,545	5,765
Czech	1,940	970	970	25	10	0	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	13,130	6,040	7,090
Macedonian	290	135	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	21,070	10,020	11,045
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	134,980	61,800	73,180
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	50	30	20	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	155,340	72,230	83,115
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	295	155	140
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	102,885	50,515	52,365
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	13,895	6,925	6,970
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	48,075	23,410	24,670
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	58,045	28,685	29,355
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	1,850	950	905
Slovak	1,295	590	700	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	11,725	5,340	6,385
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	7,235	3,205	4,025
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	0	0	0	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	58,355	26,140	32,215
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	500	255	250
Celtic languages	435	245	190	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	4,115	2,125	1,990
Irish	205	125	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	2,345	1,300	1,045
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	715	330	375
Welsh	135	80	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	810	360	450
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415	285	160	125
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	25	10	20	0	0	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	257,270	123,000	134,270
Frisian	55	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	1,750	895	855
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	15	0	15	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	175,485	84,625	90,855
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	15	0	15	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	158,120	75,990	82,125
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	10,370	5,150	5,220
Swiss German	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	3,485	1,670	1,815
Yiddish	110	65	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	6,100	2,995	3,105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	0	0	0	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	78,435	37,515	40,920
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	9,255	4,785	4,470
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	0	0	0	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	55,040	25,820	29,215
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	2,185	1,095	1,095
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	595	275	310
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	10,245	5,150	5,095
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	2,040	910	1,135
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	12,565	5,670	6,895
Danish	940	480	460	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	5,175	2,265	2,905
Icelandic	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	390	165	220
Norwegian	380	165	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	2,385	1,175	1,210
Swedish	630	275	355	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	5,340	2,460	2,885
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	480	255	225
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	76,320	37,385	38,945
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	135	65	70	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	1,244,895	639,965	604,930
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	65	35	35	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	1,049,480	542,040	507,440
Assamese	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	725	355	370
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	76,980	39,455	37,525
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	0	0	0	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	143,240	75,090	68,150
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	45	20	25	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	436,125	227,165	208,965
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	8,140	3,695	4,450
Kashmiri	190	95	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	1,085	570	515
Konkani	425	200	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	6,745	3,165	3,585
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	24,775	12,710	12,065
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	17,110	8,645	8,465
Oriya languages	105	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	2,545	1,320	1,225
Odia	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	1,430	775	655
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	1,130	560	575
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	10	0	0	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	397,865	208,905	188,955
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	370	155	215
Sindhi	630	360	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	5,595	2,940	2,655
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	21,630	10,975	10,655
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	25	15	0	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	295,175	149,300	145,875
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	5,965	3,315	2,650
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	70	30	35	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	210,370	105,605	104,765
Baluchi	65	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	520	285	235
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	13,870	7,530	6,340
Parsi	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	525	310	215
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	20,790	10,880	9,910
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	70	30	35	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	183,830	91,790	92,040
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	47,640	23,410	24,235
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	70	30	35	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	122,305	61,280	61,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	16,615	8,475	8,140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	1,040	510	535
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	1,300	715	580
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	100	50	50	15	10	10	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	922,975	437,590	485,385
Catalan	100	45	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	770	415	355
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	25	15	10	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	312,800	149,440	163,360
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	15	0	10	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	208,575	101,175	107,390
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	0	0	0	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	48,315	22,450	25,865
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	90	45	50	15	10	10	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	401,205	187,785	213,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	2,355	1,325	1,030
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	910	510	405
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	30,705	13,895	16,810
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	75	40	25	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	90,475	41,165	49,310
Mongolian	640	300	335	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	745	315	430
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	65	30	35	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	106,850	50,070	56,780
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	17,570	8,065	9,510
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	760	395	365
Edo	310	165	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	3,210	1,370	1,835
Éwé	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	1,195	610	580
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	1,010	530	480
Ga	275	140	140	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	1,870	785	1,080
Ganda	110	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	2,760	1,145	1,615
Gikuyu	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	1,080	420	660
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	15	0	0	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	8,115	3,985	4,130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	4,020	1,705	2,315
Lingala	395	185	210	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	7,315	3,255	4,065
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	1,050	480	570
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	235	135	100
Mwani	255	140	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	520	265	255
Ndebele	125	65	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	855	380	475
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	4,895	2,250	2,650
Shona	580	270	310	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	3,040	1,345	1,695
Soninke	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	290	185	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	630	265	365
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	24,360	11,850	12,510
Wojenaka	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	260	130	130
Wolof	230	130	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	1,495	740	755
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	40	20	20	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	24,375	11,775	12,600
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	12,825	6,130	6,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	3,210	1,560	1,645
Dinka	815	435	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	470	255	215
Nuer	440	200	240	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	585	260	325
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	2,155	1,040	1,115
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	835	415	415
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	18,990	7,515	11,475
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	16,685	6,460	10,225
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	380	155	225
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	2,600	1,185	1,420
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	155	75	80	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	747,160	348,570	398,590
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	155	75	80	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	734,190	342,245	391,950
Hakka	390	160	235	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	8,760	4,120	4,640
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	115	55	60	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	467,415	214,895	252,520
Min Dong	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	1,450	690	765
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	18,020	8,040	9,985
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	6,720	3,010	3,710
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	70	35	35	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	352,135	163,575	188,560
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	5,200	2,505	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	515	245	275
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	13,135	6,410	6,735
Burmese	495	245	250	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	2,570	1,255	1,315
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	600	265	330
Karenic languages	365	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	2,255	1,120	1,135
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	1,970	1,005	965
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	385	170	215
Tibetan	765	395	370	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	7,475	3,675	3,800
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	980	445	540
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	565	250	315
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	10	0	0	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	12,655	5,555	7,105
Lao	595	300	295	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	7,370	3,450	3,915
Thai	1,160	445	710	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	6,200	2,485	3,720
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465	335	135	195
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	52,195	27,335	24,860
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	5,910	3,215	2,695
Kazakh	170	75	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	710	320	395
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	0	0	0	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	44,815	23,570	21,245
Uyghur	110	30	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	825	430	400
Uzbek	180	80	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	2,095	1,040	1,055
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	1,075	465	610
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	25	15	10	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	52,025	23,840	28,185
Estonian	125	55	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	4,010	1,745	2,260
Finnish	360	170	190	25	15	10	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	9,455	4,035	5,420
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	38,690	18,095	20,600
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	2,145	990	1,155
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,680	880	800	595	275	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	406,585	195,100	211,495
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	389,955	187,485	202,470
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	251,030	120,545	130,485
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	0	0	0	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	134,615	64,850	69,765
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	4,310	2,090	2,220
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	7,115	3,225	3,890
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	9,515	4,385	5,130
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	1,680	880	800	595	275	315	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	13,625,165	6,692,470	6,932,695
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,680	880	800	595	275	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	0	0	0	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	172,535	82,960	89,580
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	1,680	880	800	595	275	315	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	13,859,215	6,804,610	7,054,605
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	410	...	...	205	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	3,755,720	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	25	...	...	10	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	1,724,970	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,510	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	822,780	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	425	...	...	210	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	4,668,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	48,740	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	769,570	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	1,205,540	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	85	...	...	50	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	1,918,935	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	350	...	...	160	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	1,548,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	1,579,320	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	35	...	...	10	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	775,580	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	50	...	...	0	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	791,100	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	45	...	...	30	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	708,205	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	290	...	...	165	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	1,636,990	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	430	...	...	210	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	5,328,575	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	162,625	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	430	...	...	210	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	5,122,185	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...	805,650	...	...	369,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	1,247,430	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	0	...	...	205	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	1,456,110	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	711,940	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	644,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	385,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	80	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	348,760	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	290	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	328,735	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	65	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	369,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	435	...	...	205	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	5,177,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	919,545	...	...	314,050	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	175	...	...	70	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	2,677,880	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	245	...	...	135	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	2,506,110	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	15	...	...	0	...	...	687,485	...	...	307,210	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	126,385	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	20	...	...	25	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	727,305	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	145	...	...	35	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	930,410	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	175	...	...	40	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	1,013,210	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	80	...	...	55	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	1,149,345	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	15	...	...	25	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	876,960	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	0	...	...	30	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	481,250	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	186,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	5,415,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	340	...	...	200	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	4,103,320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	95	...	...	0	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	1,312,095	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	80	...	...	0	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	1,169,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	435	...	...	210	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	100	...	...	15	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	1,802,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	95	...	...	15	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	1,150,405	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	10	...	...	0	...	...	595,110	...	...	262,900	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	645,465	...	...	201,870	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	74,930	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	80,990	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	25,420	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	5,765	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	340	...	...	195	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	3,688,915	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	425	...	...	210	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	5,272,360	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	639,805	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	425	...	...	210	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	4,632,550	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	410	...	...	200	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	3,718,255	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	78.0	...	...	52.5	...	...	60.0	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	19.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	3,440	...	...	1,620	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	3,400	...	...	1,660	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	1,104,000	...	...	655,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	807,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	25	...	...	0	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	1,722,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	11.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	33.2	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	...	...	...	20.0	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	x	...	...	x	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	3,000	...	...	x	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,408	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,510	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	380	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,680	875	800	595	280	315	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	0	0	0	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	169,090	81,790	87,305
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	0	0	0	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	166,095	80,470	85,625
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	0	0	0	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	136,445	65,890	70,555
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	0	0	0	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	27,835	13,715	14,120
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	1,810	860	955
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	3,000	1,320	1,675
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	2,660	1,165	1,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	175	75	100
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	115	55	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	50	30	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	20	15	10	0	0	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	351,395	168,170	183,220
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	20	15	10	0	0	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	342,985	164,410	178,575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	0	0	0	0	0	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	246,415	118,170	128,245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	0	0	0	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	93,245	44,675	48,575
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	3,325	1,570	1,755
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	8,405	3,760	4,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	7,595	3,465	4,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	535	205	335
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	215	80	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	125	210	60	10	45
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	1,655	865	790	575	260	310	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	13,511,270	6,637,605	6,873,660
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	1,680	875	805	600	280	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	1,440	765	675	590	275	315	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	12,633,260	6,196,980	6,436,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	550	320	235	150	50	100	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	2,554,125	1,312,480	1,241,645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	890	450	445	435	225	215	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	10,079,140	4,884,505	5,194,635
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	240	110	125	0	0	0	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	1,398,490	690,590	707,905
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	1,680	875	805	600	280	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	970	525	445	530	260	270	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	9,437,320	4,691,825	4,745,495
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	670	340	340	65	20	45	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,605
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	20	15	10	25	0	25	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	860,305	403,270	457,030
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	45	20	25	15	0	15	924,320	443,805	480,520	506,195	241,800	264,390
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	50	30	15	0	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	852,765	399,470	453,295
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	260	120	140	15	10	0	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	941,630	439,390	502,240
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	295	150	150	0	0	0	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	1,045,695	501,050	544,645
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	170	80	90	0	0	0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	461,010	216,545	244,470
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	125	65	60	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	584,680	284,505	300,175
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	40	15	15	0	0	0	924,850	499,490	425,365	387,850	210,765	177,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	675	340	335	65	20	45	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	90	60	30	10	0	10	748,265	377,795	370,470	375,395	188,360	187,030
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	120	55	65	15	0	10	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	734,680	369,755	364,925
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	75	30	40	15	0	10	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	840,165	375,990	464,175
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	325	160	170	25	15	15	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	1,851,675	869,160	982,515
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	65	35	30	0	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	404,670	181,710	222,955
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	675	340	335	65	20	45	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	70	30	35	15	0	15	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	629,550	280,635	348,910
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	23,125	10,700	12,420
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	32,520	14,630	17,890
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	21,780	10,575	11,200
Guyana	740	340	400	0	0	0	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	77,635	34,275	43,360
Haiti	510	295	220	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	11,375	5,000	6,380
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	122,770	52,770	70,000
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	0	0	0	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	33,380	15,340	18,040
Peru	1,070	470	595	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	11,455	5,025	6,435
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	52,750	23,490	29,260
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	25	15	10	10	0	10	256,090	115,380	140,705	111,390	49,035	62,355
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	30	15	20	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	131,370	59,810	71,560
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	110	55	60	15	0	10	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	1,049,725	500,520	549,205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	21,150	10,365	10,780
Croatia	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	24,270	11,860	12,405
France	1,265	645	620	0	0	0	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	15,240	7,305	7,930
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	0	0	0	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	54,275	25,665	28,610
Greece	865	455	415	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	31,650	15,385	16,265
Hungary	1,550	740	815	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	18,530	8,555	9,975
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	0	0	0	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	135,640	66,885	68,750
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	39,490	20,295	19,195
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	88,785	39,620	49,160
Portugal	990	505	485	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	95,490	46,635	48,855
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	0	0	0	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	40,475	18,690	21,780
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	25	15	15	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	44,165	19,010	25,155
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	22,295	10,790	11,505
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	43,070	19,255	23,820
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	35	15	20	10	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	239,485	115,580	123,910
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	25	15	10	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	135,725	64,620	71,100
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	125	60	65	10	0	10	821,735	412,365	409,375	287,920	140,080	147,840
Algeria	630	310	315	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	4,355	2,160	2,195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	10,220	4,585	5,640
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	25	15	0	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	39,345	20,480	18,865
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	14,200	7,255	6,950
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	19,415	9,050	10,365
Morocco	870	445	425	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	8,105	3,805	4,300
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	95	40	55	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	37,420	18,840	18,580
Somalia	1,580	775	805	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	20,335	8,590	11,745
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	0	0	0	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	21,540	10,620	10,915
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	0	0	0	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	112,985	54,690	58,290
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	365	190	175	15	0	10	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	2,225,590	1,056,605	1,168,985
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	0	0	0	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	38,580	19,100	19,480
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	55	35	25	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	103,795	52,260	51,535
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	30	10	15	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	63,255	31,725	31,525
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	0	0	0	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	38,170	19,650	18,515
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	45,685	22,995	22,695
Turkey	1,085	540	545	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	20,795	11,105	9,690
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	70	25	40	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	355,955	159,035	196,925
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	45	20	25	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	108,480	50,730	57,750
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	55	35	20	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	62,750	28,690	34,060
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	18,105	7,825	10,275
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	30	15	15	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	268,580	109,035	159,545
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	86,315	39,175	47,140
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	46,260	23,520	22,740
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	35	25	15	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	495,750	249,975	245,780
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	0	0	0	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	165,530	83,050	82,475
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	10	0	0	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	112,730	54,625	58,100
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	30	15	15	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	194,855	94,100	100,750
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	10	10	0	10	10	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	13,810	7,140	6,670
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	125	65	60	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	584,680	284,500	300,180
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	25	10	10	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	68,450	32,815	35,635
Brazil	840	355	490	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	8,725	4,095	4,625
Colombia	615	245	370	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	4,260	1,825	2,440
Haiti	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	1,550	705	845
Jamaica	475	215	255	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	9,970	5,205	4,770
Mexico	1,265	645	615	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	5,810	2,740	3,065
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	15	10	10	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	17,945	8,895	9,045
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	3,400	1,500	1,900
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	16,795	7,840	8,955
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	20	15	10	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	47,295	23,945	23,345
France	200	95	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	3,225	1,665	1,560
Germany	225	105	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	1,685	885	795
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	2,225	1,465	760
Italy	260	160	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	1,770	1,040	730
Russian Federation	635	235	405	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	5,150	2,010	3,135
Ukraine	680	295	385	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	6,035	2,675	3,360
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	20	10	10	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	8,000	4,820	3,180
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	19,200	9,375	9,830
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	35	20	10	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	64,910	32,295	32,615
Algeria	60	15	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	1,130	545	585
Burundi	40	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	1,790	815	970
Cameroon	380	170	210	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	1,585	750	830
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	2,275	1,020	1,260
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	1,085	495	595
Egypt	595	300	300	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	6,370	3,230	3,145
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	7,145	3,795	3,350
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	3,480	1,595	1,880
Morocco	210	95	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	1,890	910	980
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	20	15	10	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	16,570	8,335	8,230
Somalia	310	140	170	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	3,345	1,775	1,570
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	2,915	1,455	1,460
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	2,095	1,075	1,015
Tunisia	95	65	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	820	390	430
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	12,405	6,105	6,305
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	45	25	20	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	401,940	194,220	207,725
Afghanistan	845	405	435	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	7,225	3,550	3,675
Bangladesh	630	310	320	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	7,710	3,970	3,735
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	15	10	0	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	54,645	22,895	31,750
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	2,620	1,095	1,525
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	15	10	0	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	139,660	73,185	66,470
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	13,215	6,335	6,880
Iraq	945	440	505	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	12,940	6,415	6,525
Israel	340	185	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	2,270	1,175	1,100
Japan	170	25	140	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	1,460	345	1,115
Jordan	165	90	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	2,610	1,340	1,270
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	6,935	2,855	4,075
Lebanon	425	215	210	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	4,365	2,185	2,175
Nepal	460	235	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	2,445	1,240	1,200
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	23,970	11,805	12,170
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	0	0	0	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	45,235	19,170	26,070
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	6,110	3,300	2,805
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	5,895	2,770	3,120
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	30,180	15,370	14,805
Turkey	405	175	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	7,060	3,835	3,225
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	5,310	2,785	2,520
Viet Nam	955	310	640	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	6,020	2,205	3,815
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	14,075	6,380	7,700
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	2,090	1,230	855
Australia	435	230	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	1,620	985	640
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	470	250	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	1,680	880	800	595	280	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	770	390	375	85	25	55	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	4,725,795	2,259,845	2,465,955
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	405	225	180	130	75	55	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	3,180,170	1,594,980	1,585,195
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	505	260	245	380	180	205	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	6,125,785	3,032,745	3,093,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	650	320	330	40	10	25	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	530	275	250	25	0	20	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	1,669,195	831,060	838,135
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	195	155	40	10	0	10	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	697,905	424,975	272,930
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	335	125	210	20	0	15	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	971,295	406,090	565,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	125	40	80	10	10	0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	1,037,680	420,725	616,955
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	587,735	306,430	281,310
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	51,675	23,490	28,180
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	650	320	330	40	10	25	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	0	0	0	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	262,835	139,045	123,790
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	75	45	30	10	10	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	289,330	131,810	157,520
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	30	15	10	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	79,320	39,275	40,050
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	65	30	35	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	179,715	85,115	94,595
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	19,030	7,670	11,360
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	475	225	250	25	0	15	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	2,516,055	1,178,800	1,337,255
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,680	880	800	595	280	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	905	465	445	40	10	30	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	4,817,360	2,350,135	2,467,230
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	165	95	70	0	0	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	1,515,295	779,270	736,020
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	220	110	105	0	0	0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	820,245	388,310	431,935
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	180	80	95	0	0	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	768,740	365,800	402,940
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	40	20	20	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	363,650	157,580	206,070
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	80	40	40	0	0	0	694,015	362,845	331,170	284,215	146,815	137,395
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	40	15	25	0	0	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	249,190	119,360	129,830
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	0	0	0	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	167,845	79,270	88,580
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	70	35	35	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	212,185	106,670	105,520
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	80	45	30	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	99,425	46,800	52,625
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	31,420	13,690	17,730
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	0	0	0	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	124,120	59,280	64,835
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	15	10	0	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	181,025	87,280	93,750
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	770	415	360	560	265	295	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	9,214,395	4,537,435	4,676,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,675	880	800	595	280	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	170	105	65	40	20	20	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	1,621,655	815,240	806,415
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	225	125	100	205	95	110	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	2,347,685	1,145,055	1,202,630
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	115	65	50	115	60	60	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	1,999,985	952,395	1,047,595
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	215	120	100	190	110	85	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	1,937,010	938,335	998,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	90	50	40	60	25	35	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	1,039,385	500,570	538,815
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	125	75	55	115	55	60	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	1,058,075	517,665	540,410
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	180	95	85	0	0	0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	821,835	388,045	433,795
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	40	20	20	0	0	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	905,105	453,765	451,335
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	130	75	60	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	764,435	392,845	371,585
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	75	40	35	60	25	30	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	342,260	164,565	177,690
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	45	15	25	25	0	20	988,585	489,045	499,545	478,860	236,645	242,210
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	50	10	40	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	461,090	221,095	240,000
Québécois	1,580	785	795	0	0	0	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510	28,035	13,475	14,555
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	55	25	30	25	10	10	938,950	462,420	476,530	462,995	225,610	237,385
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	35	20	15	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	355,680	154,820	200,860
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	35	15	25	20	15	10	906,315	441,610	464,705	199,845	94,210	105,630
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	25	15	10	20	0	10	691,260	347,080	344,175	221,315	110,260	111,055
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	0	0	0	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	160,660	76,990	83,670
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	0	0	0	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	131,780	63,205	68,580
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	45	25	25	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	182,785	90,865	91,920
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	80	40	40	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	187,460	87,560	99,900
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	40	20	20	20	15	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	62,840	30,300	32,535
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	20	15	10	15	10	10	455,720	216,490	239,230	188,980	89,555	99,425
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	0	0	0	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	300,600	149,460	151,145
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	0	0	0	35	10	25	353,495	172,240	181,255	129,750	62,895	66,855
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	0	0	0	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570	143,840	66,950	76,890
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	25	20	10	10	10	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	68,260	31,655	36,600
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	0	0	0	10	0	10	320,150	155,755	164,395	149,040	72,070	76,970
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	0	0	0	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	34,125	16,055	18,070
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	0	0	0	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	212,650	107,640	105,015
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	65	35	30	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	149,265	72,095	77,175
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	0	0	0	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	155,180	77,755	77,425
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	0	0	0	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	119,085	62,110	56,985
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	0	0	0	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	122,735	58,135	64,590
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	35	20	15	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	110,250	56,985	53,270
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	0	0	0	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	143,065	72,455	70,605
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	0	0	0	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	201,945	95,525	106,420
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	40	20	25	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	110,750	53,190	57,565
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	20,025	9,580	10,445
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	80	50	35	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	100,025	47,215	52,810
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	10	0	0	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	86,435	41,425	45,005
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	0	0	0	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	80,345	40,555	39,790
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	65	35	30	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	109,410	55,025	54,385
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	0	0	0	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	73,665	35,960	37,705
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	0	0	0	20	15	10	196,945	96,220	100,725	52,170	25,415	26,755
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	61,790	29,610	32,175
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	0	0	0	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	77,805	40,720	37,085
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	0	0	0	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	63,920	31,280	32,640
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	0	0	0	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	56,860	28,120	28,745
Haitian	930	475	455	0	0	0	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	17,930	8,440	9,495
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	0	0	0	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	106,970	56,425	50,545
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	54,725	27,070	27,655
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	38,095	19,075	19,025
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	0	0	0	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	56,510	27,790	28,720
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	76,275	36,805	39,465
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	30	15	15	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	105,765	51,825	53,940
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	0	0	0	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	79,240	39,340	39,900
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	15	15	0	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	42,250	18,715	23,530
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	0	0	0	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	83,435	42,105	41,335
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	21,650	10,225	11,420
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	0	0	0	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	31,395	15,385	16,005
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	62,780	31,910	30,865
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	60	40	25	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	54,210	28,345	25,855
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	0	0	0	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	48,595	23,670	24,920
Tamil	1,370	710	665	0	0	0	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	86,580	43,270	43,310
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	0	0	0	25	10	20	101,990	50,370	51,620	13,915	6,875	7,045
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	39,420	18,730	20,690
Moroccan	880	425	460	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	12,300	5,935	6,365
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	39,400	18,745	20,655
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	42,525	21,170	21,365
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	85,455	40,520	44,935
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	0	0	0	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	61,255	30,315	30,940
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	0	0	0	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	59,655	27,150	32,505
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	0	0	0	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	64,415	32,230	32,175
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	0	0	0	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	52,770	25,660	27,110
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	0	0	0	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	29,950	14,735	15,215
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	0	0	0	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	41,120	19,885	21,235
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	64,245	31,915	32,335
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	46,445	23,795	22,650
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	59,110	28,445	30,670
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	43,555	22,580	20,970
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	6,160	2,810	3,350
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	47,195	24,190	23,000
Algerian	645	320	320	0	0	0	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	4,970	2,450	2,510
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	0	0	0	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	33,905	16,455	17,450
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	80	40	45	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	36,750	17,890	18,865
Armenian	925	495	430	0	0	0	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	30,860	15,245	15,610
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	20	15	0	10	10	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	37,165	18,390	18,780
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	0	0	0	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	32,880	15,745	17,135
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	0	0	0	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	41,640	19,575	22,070
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	17,960	8,150	9,810
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	42,980	21,520	21,460
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	24,740	11,925	12,815
African Caribbean	930	495	430	0	0	0	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	43,475	19,070	24,405
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	32,785	15,515	17,265
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	0	0	0	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	38,000	19,570	18,430
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	39,165	17,615	21,555
Algonquin	380	165	220	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	20,910	9,815	11,090
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	42,575	19,380	23,200
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	0	0	0	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	29,870	14,165	15,705
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	21,965	11,055	10,910
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	20	10	10	25	15	10	46,765	24,165	22,595	14,775	7,780	6,995
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	30,365	15,605	14,755
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	14,370	6,800	7,570
Congolese	1,045	500	545	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	12,815	5,870	6,945
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	0	0	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	10,195	5,000	5,190
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	20,625	9,970	10,665
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	22,825	10,645	12,180
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	0	0	0	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	15,260	7,295	7,965
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	40	15	25	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	19,350	9,870	9,475
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	15,155	7,065	8,095
Berber	405	225	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	3,055	1,585	1,470
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	29,575	14,865	14,715
Maltese	505	230	275	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	33,825	16,710	17,110
Macedonian	385	185	200	0	0	0	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	35,925	17,810	18,115
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	25,085	12,325	12,760
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	0	0	0	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	13,170	6,310	6,855
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	5,865	2,750	3,115
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	25,995	13,705	12,285
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	17,165	8,390	8,770
African Canadian	940	465	475	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	20,025	9,540	10,485
Israeli	1,095	565	525	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	20,570	10,745	9,825
Mohawk	500	300	200	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	20,595	10,170	10,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	12,115	5,600	6,505
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	15,900	7,810	8,095
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	1,185	580	600
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	20,935	10,015	10,915
Barbadian	640	310	330	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	21,205	10,175	11,035
African American	935	435	495	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	16,380	7,985	8,395
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	16,400	7,800	8,605
Tunisian	300	150	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	2,430	1,240	1,190
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	15,800	7,910	7,890
Cuban	830	395	435	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	14,785	7,185	7,600
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	16,065	8,070	7,995
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	40	20	20	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	12,885	6,015	6,865
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	1,010	440	575
Latvian	1,025	485	540	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	16,070	7,545	8,525
Bengali	1,200	585	610	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	16,665	8,635	8,030
Cameroonian	930	485	450	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	4,295	2,060	2,230
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	10,175	5,045	5,130
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	0	0	0	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	10,645	4,835	5,820
Laotian	1,015	505	510	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	10,870	5,165	5,695
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	10,560	4,790	5,775
Northern Irish	920	445	475	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	14,875	7,390	7,480
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	10,135	5,135	5,005
British Columbian	520	295	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	1,020	460	565
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	18,835	8,955	9,880
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	18,755	8,900	9,855
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	11,950	5,935	6,015
Estonian	980	480	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	14,025	6,585	7,440
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	13,495	7,445	6,050
Fijian	1,145	525	620	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	2,345	1,080	1,265
Jatt	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	9,195	4,725	4,470
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	8,040	4,020	4,025
Coptic	440	225	215	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	14,845	7,400	7,440
Thai	1,185	370	810	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	7,850	3,215	4,640
Dominican	405	245	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	8,585	4,185	4,400
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	11,585	5,890	5,690
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	570	255	320
Assyrian	420	215	200	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	17,080	8,360	8,720
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	8,595	4,175	4,420
Byelorussian	730	350	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	9,730	4,630	5,095
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	285	110	175
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	3,445	1,675	1,760
Abenaki	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	1,300	590	710
Moldovan	990	545	445	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	4,295	2,065	2,225
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	5,550	2,640	2,910
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	4,865	2,645	2,220
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	9,200	4,570	4,630
Breton	40	30	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	650	325	325
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	12,085	5,180	6,900
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	7,360	3,380	3,990
Plains Cree	200	100	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	365	180	185
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	3,660	1,850	1,810
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	2,070	1,000	1,075
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	1,755	720	1,040
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	8,440	4,045	4,400
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	700	335	365
Norman	145	100	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	2,250	1,330	925
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	9,250	4,355	4,895
Ivorian	210	110	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	2,270	1,040	1,230
Saulteaux	280	120	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	735	340	390
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	6,980	3,250	3,735
Burundian	150	70	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	4,105	1,940	2,165
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	5,290	2,750	2,535
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	6,575	3,055	3,520
Mauritian	450	190	255	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	5,050	2,540	2,510
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	6,970	3,290	3,680
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	7,300	3,560	3,745
Vincentian	175	65	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	9,080	4,010	5,070
Jordanian	445	220	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	9,040	4,825	4,215
Manitoban	460	245	210	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	1,505	700	800
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	3,040	1,440	1,595
Rwandan	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	3,450	1,580	1,865
Grenadian	225	90	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	10,250	4,820	5,430
Malayali	665	375	290	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	8,100	4,245	3,860
Chaldean	165	80	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	10,280	5,185	5,090
Sinhalese	555	255	305	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	8,060	3,985	4,075
Mayan	575	310	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	4,085	2,065	2,025
Honduran	340	150	185	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	3,735	1,870	1,865
Cherokee	545	255	285	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	3,555	1,630	1,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	1,350	585	765
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	8,830	3,915	4,920
Flemish	420	190	235	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	3,565	1,770	1,790
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	6,730	3,345	3,390
Senegalese	140	100	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	1,155	610	550
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	6,235	3,235	3,005
Sicilian	110	35	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	5,840	3,075	2,760
Pashtun	820	420	400	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	6,385	3,395	2,990
Malay	790	340	450	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	3,910	1,930	1,980
Goan	350	185	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	7,930	3,830	4,100
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	3,150	1,535	1,615
Tibetan	790	415	375	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	7,380	3,630	3,745
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	3,780	1,780	2,005
Burmese	540	250	285	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	4,290	1,980	2,310
Mongolian	985	455	535	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	3,585	1,635	1,950
Azorean	70	25	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	6,085	2,875	3,210
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	85	35	45
Bamileke	105	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	1,100	570	530
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	7,605	3,425	4,180
Ugandan	300	145	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	4,685	2,225	2,460
Oromo	1,560	875	685	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	3,015	1,570	1,445
Tanzanian	795	425	375	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	4,865	2,285	2,580
Yemeni	555	280	275	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	5,300	2,585	2,715
Central African	70	35	40	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	1,630	770	860
Libyan	445	255	190	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	4,200	2,155	2,050
Basque	175	80	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	1,515	835	680
Uruguayan	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	4,720	2,335	2,390
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	4,055	2,045	2,010
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	3,605	1,650	1,955
Igorot	1,195	560	625	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	2,245	950	1,300
Fulani	65	25	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	1,165	605	565
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	275	150	125
Guinean	155	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	1,120	530	590
St. Lucian	230	90	140	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	5,850	2,660	3,190
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	1,900	890	1,010
Maliseet	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	615	285	335
Beninese	145	75	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	1,325	630	695
Telugu	255	135	120	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	4,755	2,665	2,090
Roma	200	95	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	3,470	1,735	1,735
Costa Rican	180	95	85	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	2,735	1,390	1,345
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	1,650	725	925
Malagasy	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	555	265	290
Kashmiri	820	405	415	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	3,905	1,900	2,000
Singaporean	325	120	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	2,320	1,070	1,250
Karen	390	195	195	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	2,365	1,185	1,180
Edo	605	340	265	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	3,515	1,705	1,810
Tajik	280	130	145	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	4,150	2,065	2,080
Amhara	810	435	380	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	3,135	1,560	1,575
Paraguayan	100	30	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	855	365	490
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,680	880	800	595	275	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	30	0	15	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	164,215	73,715	90,500
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	690	345	350	365	170	195	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	7,315,810	3,410,290	3,905,520
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	160	65	95	60	25	35	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	1,070,190	503,135	567,055
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	0	0	0	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	57,795	28,065	29,725
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	55	25	30	20	10	15	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	525,425	236,080	289,345
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	0	0	0	20	15	10	436,940	200,325	236,615	165,400	75,170	90,230
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	285	150	135	180	85	90	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	3,654,825	1,729,760	1,925,070
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	45	35	15	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	329,850	158,655	171,200
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	0	0	0	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	48,290	20,680	27,610
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	16,420	7,710	8,710
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	35	10	20	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	114,810	52,600	62,215
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	0	0	0	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	35,320	15,890	19,430
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	45	25	20	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	174,605	77,250	97,360
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	25	10	10	10	0	10	301,400	136,440	164,960	202,275	91,710	110,560
Reformed	1,250	600	655	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	47,400	23,275	24,120
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	35	20	15	55	25	30	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	570,830	251,315	319,520
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	10	10	0	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	302,375	138,995	163,385
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	90	50	45	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	573,700	295,980	277,720
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	0	0	0	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	196,100	96,075	100,020
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	180	105	80	0	0	0	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	942,990	474,965	468,025
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	0	0	0	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	300,435	155,390	145,040
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	0	0	0	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	15,985	7,400	8,580
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	10	0	0	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	88,845	37,840	51,000
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	665	360	300	230	110	120	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	4,433,675	2,335,900	2,097,770
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	1,660	875	785	590	270	320	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	13,904,805	6,823,190	7,081,615
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	1,500	785	710	515	235	280	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	12,295,685	6,023,840	6,271,855
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	160	90	70	75	35	40	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	1,609,120	799,355	809,765
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	85	50	30	45	15	25	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	914,170	454,180	459,990
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	80	40	40	30	20	10	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	694,950	345,175	349,775
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	40	20	20	20	15	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	570,275	282,115	288,165
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	40	20	20	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	516,425	255,130	261,300
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	0	0	0	20	15	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	53,850	26,985	26,865
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	40	15	20	0	0	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	124,670	63,060	61,610
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	1,570	815	750	550	265	285	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	13,349,180	6,539,010	6,810,170
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	900	475	430	360	180	180	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	8,361,770	4,077,100	4,284,665
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	665	340	325	190	80	110	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	4,987,410	2,461,910	2,525,505
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	380	200	180	145	60	85	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	2,087,055	1,023,085	1,063,965
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	285	140	145	45	25	25	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	2,900,355	1,438,815	1,461,540
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	130	65	65	35	15	15	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	2,167,365	1,064,190	1,103,170
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	80	45	35	0	0	0	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	1,938,720	949,475	989,250
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	50	20	30	35	15	15	921,345	459,695	461,650	228,640	114,715	113,925
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	155	75	80	0	0	0	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	732,990	374,630	358,365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	1,210	585	620	460	230	230	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	11,782,825	5,733,360	6,049,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	150	60	85	30	10	20	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	1,969,920	1,007,805	962,115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	1,060	525	540	435	215	215	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	9,812,905	4,725,555	5,087,350
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	865	400	460	315	165	155	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	757,455	418,970	338,485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	855	400	455	315	155	155	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	6,827,190	3,281,570	3,545,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	1,210	585	625	460	230	230	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	145	60	80	30	10	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	1,799,890	904,590	895,300
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	190	95	95	85	40	45	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	3,204,170	1,608,155	1,596,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	875	425	445	350	185	165	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	6,778,765	3,220,615	3,558,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	95	40	65	115	60	55	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	3,250,175	1,592,945	1,657,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	0	0	0	25	20	10	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	592,485	426,550	165,935
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	287,155	178,555	108,605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	0	0	0	20	20	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	305,330	248,000	57,325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	80	35	45	85	45	40	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	2,389,205	1,046,345	1,342,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	20	0	15	10	0	10	896,755	372,560	524,195	268,480	120,040	148,440
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	775	390	380	235	125	110	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	3,528,600	1,627,675	1,900,925
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	445	220	230	170	90	75	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	2,307,685	1,034,000	1,273,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	20	10	10	0	0	0	556,510	243,200	313,310	224,820	99,320	125,500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	45	25	20	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	90,530	45,085	45,445
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	240	125	115	55	30	25	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	786,440	377,795	408,640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	25	20	10	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	119,125	71,465	47,655
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	860	405	460	315	160	155	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	667,665	367,715	299,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	40	10	35	50	25	30	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	1,770,810	938,035	832,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	815	390	430	265	140	130	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	5,146,170	2,394,785	2,751,385
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	90	25	60	85	50	35	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	2,356,375	1,142,180	1,214,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	0	0	0	20	15	10	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	384,770	276,165	108,600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	184,665	114,510	70,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	0	0	0	20	15	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	200,110	161,655	38,450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	70	25	45	60	30	25	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	1,787,580	784,340	1,003,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	20	0	20	0	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	184,030	81,665	102,360
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	725	360	365	180	90	90	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	2,789,795	1,252,610	1,537,190
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	400	190	215	130	65	65	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	1,798,010	793,045	1,004,965
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	20	10	15	10	0	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	173,205	72,790	100,420
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	40	20	15	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	71,055	31,530	39,525
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	240	125	115	40	15	25	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	658,060	305,270	352,785
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	25	15	10	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	89,470	49,975	39,490
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	1,210	580	625	465	230	235	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	335	155	180	115	45	70	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	5,004,055	2,512,745	2,491,305
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	10	0	10	20	0	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	358,255	79,480	278,775
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	10	0	10	20	0	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	358,255	79,480	278,775
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	15	0	15	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190	258,480	110,905	147,580
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	0	0	0	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	26,160	18,830	7,330
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	15	0	15	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790	232,325	92,080	140,250
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	35	10	20	10	0	10	926,560	354,120	572,440	388,160	139,895	248,265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	0	0	0	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	40,335	8,230	32,110
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	0	0	0	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	99,000	27,245	71,755
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	0	0	0	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	112,250	37,775	74,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	10,520	3,610	6,915
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	0	0	0	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	26,705	14,590	12,115
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	0	0	0	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	28,715	17,275	11,440
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	10	10	10	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	54,415	28,500	25,910
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	0	0	0	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	16,220	2,670	13,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	90	30	55	70	35	30	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	928,970	308,755	620,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	0	0	0	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	12,940	2,725	10,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	15	0	10	25	15	15	233,400	88,205	145,200	106,350	42,040	64,305
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	0	0	0	10	0	10	344,150	27,905	316,240	154,370	12,575	141,795
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	10	0	0	0	0	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	144,535	50,355	94,180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	0	0	0	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	24,040	7,835	16,205
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	30	10	20	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	142,265	33,385	108,885
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	35	20	20	25	20	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	344,465	159,850	184,620
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	290	130	160	105	55	55	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	1,472,490	630,535	841,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	2,340	850	1,490
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	0	0	0	10	0	10	272,240	55,995	216,245	123,510	24,630	98,885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	290	130	160	100	55	45	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	1,346,635	605,055	741,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	45	20	25	10	10	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	303,310	141,260	162,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	15	0	15	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	133,895	52,610	81,285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	0	0	0	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	69,195	30,195	38,995
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	0	0	0	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	6,440	1,795	4,640
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	20	20	0	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	80,200	51,680	28,525
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	0	0	0	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	13,585	4,980	8,605
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	25	20	0	15	15	0	804,230	531,435	272,795	367,845	240,245	127,600
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	20	20	0	15	15	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	284,925	198,705	86,220
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	0	0	0	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	16,090	2,620	13,475
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	0	0	0	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	56,120	31,880	24,245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	10,705	7,040	3,660
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	220	160	60	60	55	10	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	1,274,815	1,122,875	151,940
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	0	0	0	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	61,850	39,075	22,780
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	200	150	50	30	20	10	900,475	723,080	177,395	414,085	329,125	84,960
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	20	10	10	15	15	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	278,410	247,630	30,775
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390	185	35	150
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	0	0	0	10	10	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	197,795	193,595	4,205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	0	0	0	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	208,980	204,525	4,450
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	0	0	0	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	113,510	108,890	4,625
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	20	0	15	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	132,765	73,065	59,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	10	0	0	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	86,885	46,085	40,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	10	0	10	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	45,885	26,975	18,910
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	115	45	75	40	0	35	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	939,610	194,715	744,900
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	25	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	10	0	0	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	84,485	41,350	43,135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	80	25	60	35	0	35	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	828,240	139,360	688,880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	2,335	585	1,750
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	30	15	10	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	24,520	13,410	11,110
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	0	0	0	10	10	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	351,505	178,155	173,350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	0	0	0	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	181,985	49,755	132,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	2,135	1,895	240
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	2,200	2,010	195
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	0	0	0	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	110,890	75,460	35,430
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	0	0	0	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	54,295	49,040	5,255
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	2,555	725	1,830
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	860	400	460	320	160	155	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	45	15	30	55	20	30	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	10	0	10	15	0	15	742,175	158,185	583,990	242,725	50,715	192,005
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	10	0	10	15	0	15	742,175	158,185	583,990	242,725	50,715	192,005
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	15	0	15	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955	199,945	84,310	115,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	0	0	0	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	18,425	12,920	5,505
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	15	0	15	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480	181,520	71,390	110,130
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	30	10	20	0	0	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	279,505	97,835	181,670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	0	0	0	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	29,620	5,455	24,165
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	0	0	0	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	71,745	19,350	52,390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	0	0	0	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	83,455	27,595	55,860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	7,195	2,395	4,805
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	0	0	0	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	19,380	10,610	8,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	18,420	11,085	7,335
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	10	10	10	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	39,275	19,895	19,380
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	10,415	1,445	8,970
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	80	25	55	60	30	30	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	729,685	232,410	497,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	10,515	2,085	8,430
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	10	0	10	20	10	10	196,475	72,125	124,350	88,895	34,255	54,645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	0	0	0	10	0	10	270,970	20,095	250,875	119,090	8,825	110,265
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	10	0	0	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	117,900	37,130	80,775
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	18,585	6,035	12,555
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	30	10	15	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	107,035	23,715	83,320
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	30	15	20	25	15	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	267,660	120,375	147,285
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	275	115	155	75	35	35	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	1,161,875	487,235	674,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	1,785	655	1,130
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	0	0	0	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	98,675	18,325	80,355
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	270	115	155	65	35	30	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	1,061,420	468,255	593,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	45	20	25	10	10	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	220,805	97,905	122,895
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	15	0	15	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	100,550	38,595	61,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	0	0	0	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	50,505	21,085	29,425
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	5,100	1,410	3,690
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	20	20	0	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	55,565	33,765	21,800
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	9,090	3,055	6,035
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	20	20	0	15	10	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	304,045	200,360	103,685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	15	15	0	15	10	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	244,700	170,900	73,800
25. Library science	900	120	780	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	9,860	1,740	8,120
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	0	0	0	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	40,875	22,115	18,760
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	8,610	5,605	3,005
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	205	145	55	55	40	10	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	932,505	805,990	126,515
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	0	0	0	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	48,030	29,245	18,785
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	185	145	40	20	15	10	724,235	568,385	155,850	326,190	252,675	73,515
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	15	0	0	15	15	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	202,375	178,135	24,240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350	165	35	130
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	0	0	0	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	137,150	133,905	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	0	0	0	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	143,480	140,190	3,290
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	0	0	0	10	10	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	75,115	71,805	3,310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	20	0	20	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	100,525	52,065	48,460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	10	0	0	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	64,365	31,780	32,585
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	10	0	10	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	36,155	20,290	15,875
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	110	45	70	25	0	25	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	703,890	148,295	555,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	10	0	0	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	64,360	31,305	33,055
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	85	20	60	25	0	25	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	619,520	107,760	511,760
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	1,960	375	1,580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	25	15	10	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	18,030	8,855	9,175
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	0	0	0	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	268,815	137,235	131,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	0	0	0	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	136,310	37,500	98,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	1,600	1,400	200
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	1,180	1,070	110
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	0	0	0	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	89,470	60,610	28,855
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	0	0	0	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	40,255	36,655	3,600
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	1,860	435	1,420
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	860	400	460	320	160	155	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	45	15	30	55	20	30	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	815	385	430	265	140	125	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	5,146,175	2,394,790	2,751,385
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	450	215	235	230	125	105	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	3,921,795	1,818,550	2,103,240
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	295	120	170	130	80	55	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	3,634,290	1,680,865	1,953,420
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	160	90	65	100	50	50	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	287,505	137,685	149,820
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	365	175	190	35	15	25	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	1,224,380	576,235	648,140
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	75	45	30	20	0	15	483,810	238,040	245,775	229,280	113,350	115,930
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	65	40	25	20	0	15	279,005	143,575	135,435	140,770	72,740	68,035
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	11,625	5,075	6,545
Cuba	235	135	95	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	3,715	1,875	1,840
Haiti	75	45	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	1,250	620	630
Jamaica	400	175	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	9,200	4,480	4,720
Brazil	1,555	665	890	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	17,755	8,105	9,645
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	12,705	5,495	7,205
Peru	365	140	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	2,750	1,050	1,700
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	5,530	2,340	3,190
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	23,985	11,560	12,425
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	70	30	45	0	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520	224,050	113,485	110,560
Belgium	170	100	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	1,650	885	765
France	1,155	600	555	0	0	0	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840	11,580	6,190	5,390
Germany	925	515	405	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	7,115	3,880	3,240
Netherlands	600	315	285	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	4,345	2,410	1,935
Switzerland	280	150	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	2,525	1,265	1,255
Hungary	330	165	165	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	2,960	1,425	1,535
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	2,080	880	1,205
Poland	1,375	540	835	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	16,450	7,365	9,090
Romania	1,725	935	795	0	0	0	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	14,985	7,380	7,605
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	10	0	0	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	19,185	8,720	10,460
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	0	0	0	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	18,225	8,245	9,985
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	6,925	3,920	3,000
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	30	15	20	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	72,655	39,105	33,550
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	3,415	1,600	1,820
Italy	315	170	140	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	3,895	2,230	1,660
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	5,750	2,910	2,840
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	20	15	10	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	30,300	15,075	15,225
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	50	30	20	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	65,145	31,940	33,205
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	35	20	15	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	15,165	7,355	7,810
Algeria	330	170	160	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	1,550	685	860
Morocco	380	205	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	2,180	960	1,215
Tunisia	180	110	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	805	375	430
Egypt	1,610	825	785	15	0	0	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	17,195	8,445	8,755
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	6,770	3,545	3,225
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	0	0	0	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	21,480	10,570	10,905
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	155	60	95	0	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	686,295	308,075	378,220
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	30	15	15	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	35,535	16,145	19,390
Iraq	895	440	455	10	10	10	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	12,270	6,020	6,250
Israel	385	210	175	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	6,675	3,365	3,310
Lebanon	590	275	315	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	7,235	3,350	3,885
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	0	0	0	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	7,515	3,610	3,905
Turkey	385	235	155	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	7,585	4,105	3,475
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	30	15	15	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	92,585	41,055	51,530
Taiwan	565	140	430	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	3,535	1,125	2,410
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	8,875	3,660	5,210
Japan	995	270	720	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	6,310	2,145	4,160
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	30	20	15	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	21,145	8,075	13,070
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	15	0	10	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	109,885	38,390	71,495
Viet Nam	810	315	495	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	5,120	1,845	3,280
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	0	0	0	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	16,250	7,315	8,945
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	11,075	5,125	5,950
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	10	0	10	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	245,655	121,625	124,035
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	0	0	0	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	53,750	24,970	28,780
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	15	0	15	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	35,295	16,145	19,150
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	10	0	0	10	10	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	19,605	9,380	10,220
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	10	0	0	10	10	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	16,965	8,040	8,925
New Zealand	480	255	230	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	2,445	1,240	1,200
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	200	100	95
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	1,210	585	625	460	230	230	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	875	440	435	335	165	170	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	7,399,200	3,847,325	3,551,880
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	760	385	370	295	150	140	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	115	60	65	40	15	30	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	906,310	430,365	475,940
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	335	145	190	130	65	65	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	4,383,620	1,886,035	2,497,580
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	72.3	75.2	69.6	72.8	71.7	73.9	63.7	67.7	59.8	62.8	67.1	58.7
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	62.8	65.8	59.2	64.1	65.2	60.9	57.1	60.9	53.4	55.1	59.6	50.8
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	13.1	13.6	14.9	11.9	9.1	17.6	10.3	9.9	10.7	12.2	11.2	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	1,210	580	625	465	230	235	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	345	145	205	140	65	75	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	4,469,170	1,946,590	2,522,580
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	860	445	415	320	165	155	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	7,313,650	3,786,770	3,526,880
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	500	310	190	170	100	65	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	3,982,300	2,219,290	1,763,015
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	360	135	225	150	60	90	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	3,331,350	1,567,480	1,763,870
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	41.0	43.1	38.7	41.3	41.6	41.2	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.1	41.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	875	440	435	335	165	170	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	35	15	20	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	212,505	102,580	109,925
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	840	425	420	330	160	165	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	655	330	325	260	125	135	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	6,109,070	3,071,915	3,037,155
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	520	275	245	215	105	105	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	5,166,275	2,627,415	2,538,865
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	130	55	75	45	15	30	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	942,795	444,505	498,290
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	45	20	25	10	0	10	867,740	386,965	480,775	324,250	147,125	177,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	85	35	55	35	15	15	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	618,540	297,380	321,160
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	190	100	90	70	40	30	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	1,077,625	672,825	404,800
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	875	440	435	335	165	170	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	35	15	20	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	212,505	102,580	109,925
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	840	425	420	330	160	165	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	40	35	0	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	95,240	66,160	29,080
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	220	95	125	30	10	20	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	1,328,155	449,705	878,445
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	170	130	40	45	35	10	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	685,390	513,025	172,365
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	110	40	70	35	10	25	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	543,565	110,185	433,380
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	75	20	55	55	10	40	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	871,260	289,220	582,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	10	10	0	35	10	25	596,785	275,420	321,360	232,200	105,695	126,505
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	155	55	100	85	45	40	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	1,735,930	782,170	953,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	35	20	15	25	25	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	1,175,410	1,063,670	111,740
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	10	10	0	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	148,055	111,985	36,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	10	10	0	10	10	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	371,490	252,930	118,560
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	875	440	435	335	165	170	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	35	15	20	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	212,505	102,580	109,925
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	840	425	420	330	160	165	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	0	0	0	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	104,895	66,330	38,565
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	165	120	40	40	25	10	239,030	195,605	43,425	34,360	29,285	5,080
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	20	20	0	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	55,230	41,785	13,445
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	20	10	0	20	15	10	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	538,340	466,825	71,515
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	20	0	20	0	0	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	655,935	457,795	198,135
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	0	0	0	20	15	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	244,910	157,760	87,155
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	85	35	50	25	0	20	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	798,090	383,965	414,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	25	10	15	15	10	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	379,485	282,295	97,190
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	10	0	0	10	10	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	169,120	98,930	70,190
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	55	35	25	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	399,030	185,100	213,935
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	0	0	0	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	152,050	80,630	71,420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	150	90	55	40	25	15	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	681,235	384,400	296,835
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	26,240	12,465	13,780
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	0	0	0	0	0	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	324,285	183,445	140,835
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	45	15	30	15	0	10	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	531,260	165,080	366,175
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	145	45	100	40	10	30	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	859,910	163,580	696,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	10	0	0	25	0	25	350,710	180,205	170,500	130,490	67,705	62,785
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	50	10	35	30	15	10	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	390,675	171,925	218,745
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	0	0	0	15	0	10	797,935	373,775	424,165	283,115	131,210	151,905
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	25	0	20	15	10	10	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	428,030	214,245	213,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	925	470	455	355	185	165	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	895	450	450	345	185	160	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	7,181,805	3,743,490	3,438,320
French	1,020	295	725	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	52,565	18,880	33,680
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	0	0	0	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	74,365	39,275	35,090
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	305	160	150
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	0	0	0	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	74,060	39,120	34,940
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	285,005	121,875	163,125
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	20	20	0	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	275,330	141,295	134,035
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	355	150	210
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	0	0	0	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	10,820	4,890	5,925
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	5,475	2,885	2,585
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	925	470	455	355	185	165	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	925	470	455	355	185	165	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	7,783,760	4,024,730	3,759,025
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	905	460	450	355	185	165	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	7,649,065	3,955,095	3,693,975
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	905	460	450	355	185	165	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	7,555,160	3,920,680	3,634,480
French	2,040	595	1,445	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	93,910	34,410	59,495
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	20	0	10	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	134,690	69,640	65,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	1,240	610	630
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	1,185	590	595
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	155	75	80
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	155	75	80
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	145	75	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	1,030	515	510
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	465	250	215
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	560	265	300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	25	10	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	535	250	285
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	30	15	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	30	15	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	20	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	20	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	20	0	10	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	133,450	69,030	64,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	4,830	2,800	2,035
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	210	90	120
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	190	80	110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	4,615	2,700	1,915
Amharic	35	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	60	25	35
Arabic	315	165	150	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	3,735	2,195	1,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	410	305	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	320	235	85
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	85	65	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340	315	130	185
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	90	45	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	3,365	1,510	1,855
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285	140	60	80
Vietnamese	780	295	485	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	3,225	1,450	1,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	1,530	655	875
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	55	20	35
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	40	20	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	65	40	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	1,330	555	780
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20	25	20	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210	50	25	25
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	2,660	1,255	1,410
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110	160	95	65
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	2,440	1,150	1,295
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	55	10	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	0	0	0	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	50,205	27,580	22,620
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	270	155	115
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235	195	90	105
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	6,865	3,075	3,790
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	65	15	60
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	30	10	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	40	0	40
Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	6,790	3,065	3,730
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90	60	25	30
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	40	10	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	75	60	15
Polish	130	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	1,765	815	950
Russian	175	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	3,295	1,335	1,965
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	605	360	250
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	85	65	15
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	135	80	55
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	395	220	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	910	435	475
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	7,320	3,975	3,345
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	5,945	3,185	2,760
German	70	35	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	3,210	1,685	1,525
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	2,555	1,400	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	135	65	75
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	50	35	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	1,275	735	540
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	25	10	15
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440	680	360	320
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	55	40	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	515	320	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85	90	45	40
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	15	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	15	10	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	50	30	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	445	430	355	200	155
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	0	0	0	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	19,460	11,125	8,335
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	0	0	0	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	15,015	8,755	6,260
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355	440	205	235
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	850	410	445
Hindi	110	60	45	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	1,145	545	600
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	15	0	15
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	150	70	75
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	0	0	0	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	10,235	6,485	3,755
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	75	60	10
Urdu	225	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	2,080	975	1,105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	15	0	10
Iranian languages	135	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	4,435	2,360	2,075
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	125	100	25
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	85	50	35
Persian languages	125	50	70	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	4,210	2,200	2,005
Dari	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	445	360	415	220	200
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	3,415	1,735	1,675
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	380	250	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	15,735	8,955	6,780
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	1,005	420	585
Portuguese	75	50	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	5,645	3,510	2,140
Romanian	40	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310	300	155	140
Spanish	1,150	475	670	0	0	0	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	8,765	4,860	3,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	15	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	1,075	400	675
Korean	775	435	345	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	5,460	2,620	2,835
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200	170	75	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	15	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	60	35	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	845	320	525
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	795	300	490
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	40	15	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	61,525	30,930	30,595
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	0	0	0	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	61,360	30,840	30,520
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	45	20	25
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	0	0	0	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	37,260	18,740	18,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270	150	60	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	23,610	11,880	11,730
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	240	220	250	115	135
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	135	80	55
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	15	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	45	35	15
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	35	30	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450	330	170	160
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	50	15	30
Thai	35	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395	275	150	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	970	480	490
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	35	0	25
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	905	455	450
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270	350	165	180
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	65	15	45
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	55	20	35
Hungarian	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160	230	130	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	10	10	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	0	0	0	0	0	0	453,880	231,205	222,675	101,955	48,010	53,945
English and French	805	365	435	0	0	0	0	0	0	321,975	163,305	158,675	46,525	19,475	27,055
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	0	0	0	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	53,330	27,575	25,755
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	155	70	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	880	395	485
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	1,060	490	565
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	925	470	455	355	185	165	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	900	450	455	345	185	160	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	7,400,850	3,844,820	3,556,035
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	0	0	0	0	0	0	902,625	474,755	427,875	89,345	39,850	49,495
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	0	0	0	0	0	0	589,755	288,955	300,800	199,430	87,785	111,645
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	15	10	0	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	154,150	79,615	74,535
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	2,895	1,115	1,785
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	15	10	0	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	151,255	78,510	72,750
English and French	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	270	100	170
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	7,395	3,425	3,970
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	7,510	3,515	3,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150	50	45	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	0	0	0	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	26,705	13,575	13,125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	760	380	375	295	150	140	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	375	200	175	110	70	40	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	1,929,760	904,345	1,025,415
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	10	10	0	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	29,740	19,860	9,875
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	20	10	15	10	10	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	765,180	576,300	188,880
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	345	160	185	175	75	100	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	350	160	185	170	75	100	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	325	145	180	170	65	100	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	2,212,620	1,041,890	1,170,730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	653,055	340,750	312,310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	15	15	0	0	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	885,485	523,590	361,890
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	0	0	0	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	17,050	10,215	6,835
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	370	175	195	180	80	100	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	310	140	175	155	65	90	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	3,790,545	2,161,945	1,628,600
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	295	135	155	140	60	80	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	3,451,650	2,022,010	1,429,635
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	20	0	15	10	0	10	844,155	343,100	501,050	338,895	139,935	198,960
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	30	25	10	0	0	0	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	390,140	163,395	226,745
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	0	0	0	15	10	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	208,380	94,020	114,370
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	0	0	0	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	37,665	26,230	11,440
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	30	10	20	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	106,655	47,160	59,495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	370	175	195	180	80	100	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	40	10	25	55	20	35	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	1,283,185	621,485	661,700
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	215	110	110	95	40	55	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	1,527,580	823,940	703,640
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	95	40	50	20	10	10	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	934,230	555,195	379,030
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	15	10	0	0	0	0	910,610	542,485	368,125	375,215	226,980	148,230
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	10	0	0	10	10	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	413,180	265,140	148,040
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	370	175	195	180	80	100	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	10	10	0	10	10	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	351,800	257,455	94,350
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	15	10	10	35	20	15	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	797,475	512,385	285,090
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	115	65	45	60	25	40	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	1,066,580	572,020	494,565
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	110	50	55	25	15	15	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	938,175	426,175	511,995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	80	25	55	20	10	20	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	632,825	298,665	334,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	40	10	30	20	0	15	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	746,530	426,045	320,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	610	330	280	170	80	90	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	2,781,415	1,429,175	1,352,240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	70	40	30	15	5	5	897,205	456,120	441,085	349,875	176,750	173,120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	540	290	245	155	70	80	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	2,431,540	1,252,420	1,179,120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	465	260	210	125	65	65	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	2,047,210	1,053,155	994,055
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	55	30	25	15	5	5	682,190	346,420	335,770	268,250	135,205	133,045
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	30	15	15	10	5	5	467,685	234,475	233,215	179,995	88,815	91,175
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	25	15	15	5	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	88,260	46,390	41,870
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	410	230	185	115	55	55	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	1,778,960	917,950	861,010

Symbol legend

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not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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