Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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Language used most often at work
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Mobility and migration
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Calgary, City (CY)More information:
Alberta
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 48062311More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 48061010More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove		 British ColumbiaMore information:

[Province]
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Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,306,784 ... ... 389 ... ... 355 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 5,000,879 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,239,220 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... 4,648,055 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 5.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 531,062 ... ... 116 ... ... 123 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 2,211,694 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 502,301 ... ... 114 ... ... 114 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 2,041,834 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,592.4 ... ... 614.7 ... ... 4,272.0 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 5.4 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 820.62 ... ... 0.63 ... ... 0.08 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 920,686.55 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,306,780 648,835 657,950 390 200 195 355 185 170 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 5,000,880 2,457,515 2,543,365
0 to 14 years 235,855 121,145 114,710 65 30 35 50 35 20 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 716,900 369,250 347,650
0 to 4 years 73,840 37,865 35,980 10 10 5 10 5 5 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 216,825 111,015 105,805
5 to 9 years 80,585 41,225 39,365 25 15 10 20 10 15 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 244,290 125,810 118,485
10 to 14 years 81,425 42,055 39,370 30 10 15 20 20 0 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 255,790 132,425 123,365
15 to 64 years 893,525 445,660 447,865 290 150 145 255 135 120 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 3,267,620 1,614,625 1,652,995
15 to 19 years 73,490 37,720 35,770 50 30 20 25 10 10 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 253,690 131,245 122,445
20 to 24 years 78,365 40,280 38,085 30 15 15 30 10 20 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 294,650 151,505 143,145
25 to 29 years 88,385 43,930 44,460 15 5 5 30 15 15 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 337,090 170,500 166,585
30 to 34 years 105,960 52,030 53,930 25 10 15 25 15 5 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 358,585 178,925 179,660
35 to 39 years 110,765 54,785 55,985 20 10 15 20 15 10 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 353,350 175,175 178,175
40 to 44 years 100,080 49,490 50,595 35 15 20 25 10 15 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 319,740 156,480 163,260
45 to 49 years 91,385 45,430 45,945 55 30 25 20 5 10 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 310,035 149,520 160,515
50 to 54 years 84,725 42,550 42,175 30 10 20 20 10 10 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 329,005 158,540 170,460
55 to 59 years 82,570 41,000 41,570 35 20 10 25 15 10 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 356,345 172,520 183,825
60 to 64 years 77,790 38,450 39,345 15 5 10 35 25 15 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 355,130 170,210 184,920
65 years and over 177,405 82,035 95,375 25 10 10 50 20 30 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 1,016,365 473,640 542,720
65 to 69 years 62,120 30,410 31,710 15 0 5 15 5 10 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 319,405 152,705 166,700
70 to 74 years 46,495 22,225 24,270 5 0 0 20 10 10 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 272,365 130,370 141,995
75 to 79 years 28,965 13,485 15,485 5 5 0 5 5 5 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 181,075 86,060 95,015
80 to 84 years 19,405 8,370 11,035 0 0 0 0 0 5 840,545 370,905 469,645 121,055 55,285 65,780
85 years and over 20,420 7,540 12,875 0 0 0 5 5 0 861,395 319,540 541,860 122,465 49,225 73,235
85 to 89 years 12,620 4,995 7,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 525,445 212,735 312,705 74,315 32,315 42,005
90 to 94 years 6,225 2,115 4,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 258,035 87,300 170,735 36,840 13,715 23,120
95 to 99 years 1,375 390 990 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,380 17,670 50,715 9,790 2,865 6,925
100 years and over 195 45 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,535 1,830 7,710 1,515 330 1,185
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 18.0 18.7 17.4 16.7 15.0 17.9 14.1 18.9 11.8 16.3 16.9 15.6 14.3 15.0 13.7
15 to 64 years 68.4 68.7 68.1 74.4 75.0 74.4 71.8 73.0 70.6 64.8 65.4 64.2 65.3 65.7 65.0
65 years and over 13.6 12.6 14.5 6.4 5.0 5.1 14.1 10.8 17.6 19.0 17.7 20.2 20.3 19.3 21.3
85 years and over 1.6 1.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.7 0.0 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.4 2.0 2.9
Average age of the population 38.8 38.2 39.5 36.2 36.0 36.6 40.0 39.4 40.8 41.9 41.0 42.8 43.1 42.2 43.9
Median age of the population 38.0 37.6 38.8 38.8 37.2 39.2 40.0 39.2 40.8 41.6 40.4 42.8 42.8 41.6 44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 115 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Single-detached house 276,050 ... ... 115 ... ... 80 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 866,340 ... ...
Semi-detached house 31,660 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 62,890 ... ...
Row house 48,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 168,590 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 21,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 30 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 249,835 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 81,870 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 417,475 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 40,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 221,845 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 3,760 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,790 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 51,100 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 502,305 ... ... 110 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
1 person 132,695 ... ... 5 ... ... 20 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 600,705 ... ...
2 persons 159,955 ... ... 30 ... ... 40 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 719,865 ... ...
3 persons 80,020 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 296,200 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 40 ... ... 10 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 256,700 ... ...
5 or more persons 50,070 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 168,355 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 385 195 190 355 185 170 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 4,915,945 2,416,800 2,499,140
Average household size 2.6 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,070,930 527,695 543,240 325 165 160 300 155 150 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 4,283,980 2,088,265 2,195,715
Married or living common-law 624,845 312,690 312,150 205 105 100 155 75 75 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 2,464,130 1,229,850 1,234,280
Married 529,175 264,635 264,545 185 95 90 140 70 70 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 2,036,165 1,015,165 1,021,000
Living common-law 95,665 48,060 47,610 20 10 10 20 10 10 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 427,970 214,680 213,285
Living common law - Never married 73,555 37,065 36,490 15 5 5 15 5 10 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 313,560 158,045 155,515
Living common law - Separated 3,080 1,645 1,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,830 65,045 58,785 17,220 8,940 8,285
Living common law - Divorced 17,645 8,750 8,890 5 0 5 5 0 0 721,715 365,760 355,950 87,370 43,700 43,670
Living common law - Widowed 1,390 595 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,165 36,860 50,300 9,815 3,995 5,820
Not married and not living common-law 446,090 215,005 231,085 120 60 60 145 75 70 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 1,819,845 858,415 961,435
Not married and not living common law - Never married 313,900 170,360 143,540 100 60 45 110 60 50 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 1,202,625 653,345 549,280
Not married and not living common law - Separated 24,245 10,380 13,865 0 0 0 10 5 5 741,135 319,045 422,090 110,710 47,290 63,420
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 67,400 25,865 41,535 10 0 10 15 5 5 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 283,035 109,615 173,420
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 40,550 8,395 32,150 0 0 0 15 0 10 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 223,475 48,165 175,310
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 356,225 ... ... 105 ... ... 90 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 1,399,405 ... ...
2 persons 164,970 ... ... 25 ... ... 45 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 763,875 ... ...
3 persons 78,740 ... ... 25 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 290,335 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 40 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 255,295 ... ...
5 or more persons 32,950 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 89,900 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 356,220 ... ... 110 ... ... 95 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 1,399,405 ... ...
Total couple families 304,050 ... ... 100 ... ... 75 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 1,190,930 ... ...
Married couples 256,225 ... ... 85 ... ... 65 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 977,010 ... ...
With children6 155,795 ... ... 70 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 496,240 ... ...
Without children 100,430 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 480,770 ... ...
Common-law couples 47,830 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 213,925 ... ...
With children6 14,805 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 64,570 ... ...
Without children 33,020 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 149,355 ... ...
Total one-parent families 52,170 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 208,475 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 40,670 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 161,820 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 11,505 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 46,655 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 390 195 190 355 185 170 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 4,915,945 2,416,800 2,499,140
Total - Persons in census families 1,060,650 527,080 533,570 365 185 180 300 155 140 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 3,897,915 1,933,790 1,964,120
Married spouses or common-law partners 608,110 304,145 303,965 195 100 100 150 75 75 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 2,381,865 1,191,345 1,190,515
Parents in one-parent families 52,170 11,500 40,665 10 5 10 15 5 10 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 208,475 46,660 161,820
Children6 400,375 211,435 188,940 160 85 75 130 75 55 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 1,307,575 695,790 611,785
In a two-parent family 319,875 167,975 151,905 150 75 70 110 60 45 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 1,001,235 529,410 471,830
In a one-parent family 80,495 43,460 37,035 15 5 10 25 15 10 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 306,340 166,380 139,960
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 231,120 115,080 116,040 25 10 10 55 30 25 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 1,018,030 483,010 535,015
Living alone 132,690 62,770 69,920 5 5 5 20 10 10 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 600,705 273,740 326,960
Living with other relatives7 34,850 14,875 19,980 15 10 10 15 5 10 927,345 393,085 534,260 139,900 56,735 83,160
Living with non-relatives only 63,575 37,435 26,140 5 5 5 20 10 10 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 277,425 152,535 124,890
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 115 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 2,041,830 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 302,280 ... ... 95 ... ... 65 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 1,157,520 ... ...
Couple-family households 262,950 ... ... 90 ... ... 55 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 1,002,775 ... ...
With children6 147,735 ... ... 70 ... ... 35 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 463,945 ... ...
Without children 115,220 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 538,825 ... ...
One-parent-family households 39,325 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 154,745 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 17,040 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 75,700 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 20,325 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 18,975 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 79,015 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 27,275 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 108,570 ... ...
One-person households 132,690 ... ... 5 ... ... 20 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 600,705 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 320 165 160 305 150 150 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,003,515 495,570 507,940 295 150 145 285 150 140 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 4,076,345 1,987,855 2,088,490
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,400 50,800 39,600 44,800 55,200 38,000 35,200 42,000 32,400 41,200 46,400 36,800 40,800 47,200 36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,004,015 495,845 508,175 295 150 145 285 150 140 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 4,078,810 1,989,180 2,089,630
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 44,800 36,000 41,200 48,800 36,400 32,800 38,800 29,800 36,800 40,800 33,600 37,200 42,400 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 909,585 457,190 452,395 270 140 130 245 130 110 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 3,655,710 1,808,310 1,847,405
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 48,400 32,800 45,600 55,600 36,800 24,200 35,600 19,600 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 43,600 28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 761,365 391,230 370,130 230 120 110 210 115 95 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 2,886,365 1,471,335 1,415,030
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,400 49,600 35,600 51,200 68,000 44,800 27,000 37,200 20,400 37,200 43,200 32,000 38,000 46,000 31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 880,900 428,430 452,470 240 120 125 270 140 130 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 3,377,800 1,555,875 1,821,925
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,500 5,640 9,000 4,120 2,980 4,600 14,000 12,000 15,500 9,800 8,500 11,000 10,000 9,100 10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 115,990 54,710 61,280 25 10 10 55 35 20 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 370,345 168,520 201,825
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,800 5,760 5,880 6,450 x x 6,240 6,080 6,500 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,480 5,480 5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 326,795 158,290 168,500 90 50 40 125 65 60 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 1,106,935 526,910 580,025
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,500 8,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 9,000 12,000 11,000 12,800 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 320 150 175 310 150 160 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,175 495,345 507,830 300 140 155 290 145 145 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 4,075,270 1,987,400 2,087,875
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 64,600 76,500 53,050 66,000 88,000 46,000 42,400 50,000 34,500 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 63,500 45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,685 495,595 508,095 300 140 155 290 145 145 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 4,077,810 1,988,785 2,089,025
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,500 60,400 44,760 53,200 68,000 40,000 37,600 43,000 31,600 44,920 50,320 39,680 45,600 51,900 39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 909,780 457,395 452,390 275 135 145 230 115 110 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 3,654,285 1,807,745 1,846,535
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 61,600 74,500 48,520 63,600 84,000 45,000 36,800 46,000 26,800 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,520 60,800 40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 761,230 391,465 369,765 245 130 115 200 105 95 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 2,886,325 1,472,690 1,413,635
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 60,450 71,900 48,320 68,000 86,000 48,000 36,000 44,000 27,200 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,520 59,800 40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 879,935 427,945 451,995 255 120 130 280 140 140 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 3,374,170 1,553,970 1,820,205
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,010 8,920 11,050 7,750 8,000 7,600 14,100 13,600 14,600 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,030 10,490 11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 115,600 54,695 60,905 35 20 15 65 45 25 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 368,410 167,495 200,910
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,060 6,620 7,460 9,500 14,000 4,500 6,200 6,000 6,400 7,050 6,710 7,370 6,540 6,030 6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 325,765 158,290 167,480 105 55 40 120 70 55 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 1,102,145 524,940 577,205
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,350 9,260 9,440 8,000 7,000 9,200 12,000 11,600 12,400 8,920 8,740 9,100 9,110 8,940 9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 325 150 175 310 155 160 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 4,200,420 2,048,395 2,152,030
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 356,230 200,300 155,925 115 65 55 75 40 35 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 1,301,410 737,105 564,300
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 72,500 79,000 65,500 80,000 99,000 65,000 57,600 58,400 x 63,600 69,000 58,000 65,000 71,500 57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 93,600 105,800 77,800 104,000 124,000 74,000 60,000 64,000 56,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,700 86,600 66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 309,535 144,060 165,475 120 65 60 95 55 40 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 1,195,830 547,835 647,995
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 20,400 23,000 18,600 16,800 17,000 16,800 11,400 31,400 11,300 18,400 21,000 16,600 19,400 22,400 17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,600 39,360 28,560 35,500 42,000 28,000 22,400 34,000 8,400 29,160 33,960 24,860 30,560 36,160 25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 86.4 90.0 81.4 90.0 92.0 88.0 68.0 74.0 58.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 83.2 87.0 78.2
Employment income (%)19 71.0 74.2 66.4 84.0 88.0 76.0 58.0 62.0 52.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 65.8 69.8 60.4
Government transfers (%)20 13.6 10.1 18.6 10.0 8.0 13.6 32.0 25.0 42.0 17.8 13.7 23.1 16.8 12.9 21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.3 1.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.2 3.2 3.4 2.8 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.1 0.8 1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.2 4.2 6.6 4.6 3.6 6.4 13.2 11.6 15.6 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.6 4.5 7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 3.9 5.9 4.2 3.2 5.6 12.0 11.0 14.0 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.5 3.7 5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 325 165 160 300 155 150 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200
Without total income 52,710 25,610 27,100 25 15 10 15 5 10 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 124,155 60,445 63,710
With total income 1,003,510 495,570 507,940 300 150 150 285 150 135 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 4,076,350 1,987,855 2,088,490
Under $10,000 (including loss) 88,650 37,295 51,350 45 20 25 10 10 5 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 385,230 166,325 218,900
$10,000 to $19,999 95,485 40,550 54,935 30 10 20 35 15 15 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 474,245 197,530 276,715
$20,000 to $29,999 150,395 67,505 82,885 30 15 20 60 25 35 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 627,895 264,860 363,035
$30,000 to $39,999 120,085 52,190 67,895 30 15 20 60 20 40 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 515,780 222,825 292,955
$40,000 to $49,999 102,800 47,405 55,400 25 5 20 35 25 10 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 442,130 198,985 243,150
$50,000 to $59,999 84,010 40,150 43,855 20 10 10 25 10 10 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 363,335 172,380 190,950
$60,000 to $69,999 69,945 34,995 34,950 15 5 10 20 10 10 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 284,130 149,100 135,030
$70,000 to $79,999 56,175 29,855 26,315 20 5 10 15 10 5 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 221,755 125,565 96,190
$80,000 to $89,999 43,630 24,315 19,315 10 5 10 10 5 0 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 172,110 101,195 70,915
$90,000 to $99,999 36,520 20,230 16,285 15 10 10 5 0 0 965,950 553,435 412,510 136,185 81,180 55,005
$100,000 and over 155,825 101,065 54,765 55 45 10 15 10 0 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 453,550 307,905 145,645
$100,000 to $149,999 90,875 54,255 36,615 35 25 10 10 10 0 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 297,440 194,595 102,850
$150,000 and over 64,950 46,810 18,145 20 20 5 0 0 0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 156,105 113,310 42,800
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 325 165 160 300 155 150 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200
Without after-tax income 52,205 25,340 26,860 25 15 10 15 5 10 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 121,690 59,120 62,575
With after-tax income 1,004,020 495,845 508,175 300 150 150 285 150 135 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 4,078,810 1,989,185 2,089,630
Under $10,000 (including loss) 92,205 38,635 53,565 45 20 25 10 10 5 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 402,375 172,800 229,575
$10,000 to $19,999 99,660 42,515 57,150 30 10 20 40 20 15 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 490,875 204,625 286,255
$20,000 to $29,999 170,545 76,940 93,605 35 15 25 75 30 45 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 705,795 299,550 406,245
$30,000 to $39,999 139,800 62,515 77,285 30 10 15 60 25 35 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 593,485 261,620 331,865
$40,000 to $49,999 119,345 56,570 62,770 35 15 20 35 20 10 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 502,775 233,645 269,135
$50,000 to $59,999 94,265 46,850 47,410 20 5 15 30 15 10 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 387,850 198,895 188,955
$60,000 to $69,999 71,155 37,840 33,320 20 10 10 20 15 5 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 283,825 160,510 123,315
$70,000 to $79,999 52,530 29,120 23,415 20 10 10 10 5 5 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 207,535 122,690 84,840
$80,000 to $89,999 41,555 22,700 18,850 25 20 10 5 5 0 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 150,155 91,640 58,515
$90,000 to $99,999 28,220 16,610 11,610 10 10 0 5 5 0 643,700 402,325 241,380 99,015 63,800 35,220
$100,000 and over 94,730 65,540 29,195 30 25 5 0 0 0 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 255,125 179,415 75,715
$100,000 to $124,999 39,250 25,260 13,985 10 10 0 0 0 0 792,455 530,970 261,490 127,025 86,835 40,195
$125,000 and over 55,485 40,285 15,205 15 15 5 0 0 0 804,335 578,645 225,695 128,100 92,585 35,515
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 325 165 160 300 155 150 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200
Without employment income 294,855 129,955 164,905 85 40 50 90 40 50 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 1,314,135 576,965 737,165
With employment income 761,365 391,235 370,135 235 125 110 210 110 100 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 2,886,365 1,471,335 1,415,035
Under $5,000 (including loss) 93,565 43,905 49,665 25 10 10 30 15 20 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 397,640 182,895 214,745
$5,000 to $9,999 61,265 26,265 35,000 20 10 10 30 15 15 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 234,130 99,970 134,165
$10,000 to $19,999 84,600 37,635 46,965 20 5 10 30 15 15 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 339,265 147,650 191,615
$20,000 to $29,999 65,430 30,260 35,170 15 10 10 20 5 15 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 266,065 118,485 147,580
$30,000 to $39,999 62,020 29,540 32,480 15 10 5 25 10 15 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 257,235 116,285 140,950
$40,000 to $49,999 60,110 29,420 30,685 20 5 10 15 10 0 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 247,550 116,085 131,470
$50,000 to $59,999 56,160 27,655 28,505 15 5 10 20 10 10 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 230,030 112,805 117,220
$60,000 to $69,999 50,010 25,670 24,345 10 0 10 15 10 10 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 190,470 105,215 85,260
$70,000 to $79,999 40,770 22,575 18,195 20 10 10 15 15 0 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 154,990 91,615 63,375
$80,000 to $89,999 33,160 18,845 14,315 15 10 5 0 0 0 929,490 539,395 390,095 128,265 77,550 50,715
$90,000 to $99,999 29,855 16,295 13,560 15 5 5 0 0 0 760,035 439,505 320,530 105,855 64,420 41,430
$100,000 and over 124,415 83,170 41,245 50 40 10 10 10 0 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 334,875 238,370 96,505
$100,000 to $124,999 49,530 29,135 20,400 20 15 5 5 5 0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 154,515 102,955 51,560
$125,000 and over 74,880 54,035 20,845 25 25 5 0 0 0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 180,360 135,420 44,940
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 320 165 160 305 150 150 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 4,200,500 2,048,300 2,152,200
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,505 483,190 497,310 280 145 140 285 145 135 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 3,960,225 1,926,690 2,033,535
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,600 51,200 37,600 48,800 61,200 36,400 33,200 40,800 24,600 39,200 45,200 34,000 38,400 46,000 32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,815 483,265 497,550 280 145 140 285 145 135 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 3,968,465 1,928,380 2,040,085
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,200 44,800 34,400 42,800 54,000 32,400 31,000 37,200 23,800 35,200 40,000 31,200 34,800 40,800 30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 897,540 451,120 446,420 260 135 125 245 135 115 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 3,614,710 1,784,370 1,830,340
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,200 51,200 36,000 49,200 60,400 40,800 30,400 38,400 22,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,400 44,800 29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 762,840 391,880 370,965 235 125 110 210 110 95 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 2,972,225 1,505,485 1,466,740
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,400 51,600 38,000 54,000 63,200 44,000 32,400 40,400 23,400 38,000 44,400 32,800 36,800 45,200 30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 833,025 405,905 427,120 230 110 120 260 130 130 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 2,715,540 1,173,320 1,542,220
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 1,140 950 2,740 990 900 1,740 2,920 1,880 5,040 4,240 1,960 6,450 5,880 4,520 6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 70,610 32,260 38,350 20 10 10 30 25 5 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 258,710 115,865 142,845
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,600 5,840 7,300 6,080 x x 9,400 9,100 x 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,480 5,120 5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 320 150 175 310 150 160 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,005 482,985 497,015 285 140 145 295 145 145 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 3,959,300 1,926,475 2,032,835
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,200 77,400 51,450 65,000 84,000 48,000 37,200 44,000 30,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,300 62,250 42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,295 483,045 497,250 285 140 145 295 145 145 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 3,967,440 1,928,070 2,039,370
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,800 60,800 43,040 52,800 66,000 41,000 32,800 38,500 27,200 42,920 49,000 37,160 43,400 50,520 36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 897,990 451,595 446,395 270 135 135 250 135 110 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 3,612,845 1,783,870 1,828,980
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,500 78,300 50,560 65,000 84,000 47,000 36,800 42,000 29,600 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,080 61,850 40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 762,865 392,125 370,740 250 130 115 205 110 95 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 2,971,405 1,506,375 1,465,035
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 63,450 75,800 50,440 67,000 86,000 47,000 39,200 46,000 31,600 50,560 58,800 41,800 49,120 58,700 39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 833,205 406,035 427,170 250 115 130 270 135 140 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 2,711,365 1,168,975 1,542,390
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,005 4,932 7,020 3,320 2,440 4,100 7,400 5,600 9,000 7,950 6,990 8,800 8,330 8,200 8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 70,185 31,980 38,210 0 0 0 25 0 0 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 258,380 115,595 142,790
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,230 7,210 9,090 ... ... ... 6,400 ... ... 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,140 6,310 7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 325 150 175 310 155 160 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 4,200,420 2,048,395 2,152,030
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 352,800 198,465 154,335 115 65 55 75 40 35 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 1,288,260 729,135 559,120
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 69,500 76,500 62,400 83,000 87,000 66,500 54,400 48,000 x 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,400 68,000 52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 91,200 104,000 74,800 92,000 108,000 74,000 60,000 60,000 60,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 72,800 82,200 60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 292,225 136,270 155,955 110 55 50 100 60 40 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 1,128,665 516,540 612,120
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,800 32,400 26,000 24,800 47,200 24,000 25,400 28,600 11,600 24,200 28,000 21,800 25,200 29,400 22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 43,240 51,500 36,040 50,000 68,000 30,000 29,600 40,000 16,500 35,200 41,280 29,720 36,280 43,320 30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 92.0 94.6 88.2 96.0 96.0 92.0 82.0 88.0 72.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 89.0 92.0 85.0
Employment income (%) 77.0 79.6 73.2 90.0 96.0 80.0 74.0 78.0 66.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 70.4 73.8 66.0
Government transfers (%) 7.9 5.4 11.7 4.5 2.5 7.8 18.0 11.2 28.0 12.3 8.9 16.9 10.9 8.0 14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.6 1.4 x x x 1.4 x x 1.2 1.0 1.6 0.9 0.6 1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 502,305 ... ... 110 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 98,000 ... ... 147,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 132,690 ... ... 5 ... ... 20 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 600,705 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 50,000 ... ... x ... ... 36,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 43,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... x ... ... 35,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 39,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 369,610 ... ... 110 ... ... 95 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 1,441,130 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 119,000 ... ... 146,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 103,000 ... ... 126,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 168,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 108,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 104,900 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 91,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 132,725 ... ... 0 ... ... 30 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 600,425 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 67,900 ... ... ... ... ... 48,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 55,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 55,300 ... ... x ... ... 44,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 46,680 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 369,575 ... ... 105 ... ... 95 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 1,441,410 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 151,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 130,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 122,700 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 109,600 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Under $5,000 5,975 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 30,080 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,895 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 13,160 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 3,930 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 19,290 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,410 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 41,735 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 14,160 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 82,340 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 14,505 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 63,830 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 12,430 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 64,895 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 14,120 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 75,105 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 15,160 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 73,975 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 15,195 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 73,180 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 30,875 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 144,895 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 31,950 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 139,140 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 31,405 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 131,840 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 29,885 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 122,530 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 28,640 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 112,775 ... ...
$100,000 and over 245,760 ... ... 85 ... ... 55 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 853,065 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 61,565 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 235,680 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 47,245 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 178,970 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 61,440 ... ... 30 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 221,175 ... ...
$200,000 and over 75,515 ... ... 25 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 217,240 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Under $5,000 6,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 34,265 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,985 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 13,550 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 19,930 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 43,390 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 15,290 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 86,585 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 16,415 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 72,515 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 14,475 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 74,810 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 16,635 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 85,940 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 18,230 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 85,575 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 18,030 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 37,875 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 168,315 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 38,390 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 160,070 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 36,910 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 149,385 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 35,205 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 136,615 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 31,690 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 121,890 ... ...
$100,000 and over 203,605 ... ... 75 ... ... 50 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 704,010 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 64,210 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 243,560 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 45,680 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 167,850 ... ...
$150,000 and over 93,720 ... ... 35 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 292,600 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 350,080 ... ... 110 ... ... 90 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 1,364,485 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 118,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 107,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 119,715 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 562,590 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 170,690 ... ... 80 ... ... 45 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 561,965 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 142,000 ... ... 156,000 ... ... 130,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 138,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,000 ... ... 134,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.1 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 47,790 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 188,585 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 64,000 ... ... 65,000 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 196,265 100,210 96,060 10 10 5 40 25 15 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 878,130 426,275 451,855
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 44,000 45,200 43,200 x x x 34,400 39,200 x 38,400 40,000 36,800 39,200 40,800 37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,600 40,000 38,800 x x x 31,000 36,000 x 34,800 36,000 33,600 36,000 37,200 34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 350,020 ... ... 105 ... ... 95 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 1,363,860 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 151,600 ... ... 176,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 130,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 122,800 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 108,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 119,860 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 561,775 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 140,800 ... ... 240,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 115,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 113,200 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 170,590 ... ... 65 ... ... 55 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 563,000 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 178,600 ... ... 190,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 161,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 143,200 ... ... 152,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 133,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 47,630 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 186,930 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 89,200 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 82,300 ... ... 83,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 77,600 ... ... x ... ... ... ... ... 71,800 ... ... 73,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 196,265 100,075 96,185 20 0 0 40 25 0 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 875,470 423,270 452,200
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 59,850 61,150 58,550 90,000 x x 48,000 48,000 x 49,440 52,050 46,880 50,240 53,050 47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 49,480 50,080 48,880 70,000 x x 44,000 40,000 x 41,560 43,080 40,120 42,720 44,400 41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 390 200 195 355 185 165 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 4,915,940 2,416,800 2,499,140
0 to 17 years 279,980 143,740 136,235 95 45 45 70 40 30 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 866,210 446,475 419,740
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 20 15 5 15 10 5 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 264,100 135,340 128,760
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,605 424,880 265 140 130 240 125 110 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 3,085,015 1,515,740 1,569,280
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 25 15 15 50 20 30 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 964,710 454,590 510,120
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 115,560 55,845 59,720 5 5 0 30 15 10 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 528,870 246,885 281,980
0 to 17 years 30,045 15,495 14,550 0 0 0 10 0 0 854,565 439,490 415,075 98,830 51,230 47,600
0 to 5 years 9,980 5,085 4,895 0 0 0 0 0 0 282,315 144,250 138,065 29,460 15,150 14,310
18 to 64 years 68,060 33,225 34,835 5 5 0 20 10 5 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 297,960 141,460 156,505
65 years and over 17,455 7,120 10,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 985,745 391,695 594,050 132,075 54,200 77,875
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.0 8.7 9.2 x x x 7.6 8.0 8.0 11.1 10.5 11.6 10.8 10.2 11.3
0 to 17 years (%) 10.7 10.8 10.7 x x x x x x 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.4 11.5 11.3
0 to 5 years (%) 11.1 11.0 11.1 x x x x x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 11.2 11.2 11.1
18 to 64 years (%) 8.1 7.9 8.2 x x x 8.0 8.0 8.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.3 10.0
65 years and over (%) 10.4 9.0 11.7 x x x x x x 15.0 12.7 16.9 13.7 11.9 15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 390 195 190 355 185 170 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 4,825,465 2,371,915 2,453,550
0 to 17 years 279,975 143,740 136,235 95 50 45 65 35 25 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 848,955 437,500 411,455
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 15 10 5 15 10 10 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 259,060 132,740 126,320
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,610 424,880 270 135 130 240 125 115 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 3,033,655 1,490,215 1,543,435
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 30 15 15 45 20 25 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 942,860 444,195 498,660
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 74,755 38,790 35,970 5 5 0 10 5 0 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 279,035 139,265 139,770
0 to 17 years 16,260 8,345 7,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 319,545 164,490 155,060 44,480 23,070 21,410
0 to 5 years 5,165 2,630 2,530 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,435 50,875 48,560 11,690 6,045 5,640
18 to 64 years 52,615 27,685 24,930 5 5 0 5 0 0 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 201,000 101,455 99,545
65 years and over 5,885 2,755 3,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 199,155 83,010 116,145 33,555 14,740 18,815
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 5.8 6.0 5.5 x x x 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.8 5.9 5.7
0 to 17 years (%) 5.8 5.8 5.8 x x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 5.2 5.3 5.2
0 to 5 years (%) 5.7 5.7 5.8 x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5
18 to 64 years (%) 6.2 6.6 5.9 x x x 3.0 x x 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.6 6.8 6.5
65 years and over (%) 3.5 3.5 3.5 x x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.6 3.3 3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 390 200 195 355 185 170 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 4,915,940 2,416,800 2,499,140
In bottom half of the distribution 567,165 277,385 289,775 90 50 45 160 75 80 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 2,300,730 1,101,130 1,199,605
In bottom decile 107,675 54,440 53,230 0 0 0 25 10 15 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 516,435 247,990 268,445
In second decile 113,610 53,540 60,065 0 0 0 25 15 10 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 444,845 206,090 238,750
In third decile 112,705 54,705 58,005 20 5 15 25 10 15 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 436,965 208,575 228,385
In fourth decile 115,075 56,390 58,690 30 15 10 55 30 25 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 442,745 214,155 228,590
In fifth decile 118,100 58,310 59,790 30 15 15 35 15 15 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 459,740 224,315 235,420
In top half of the distribution 724,605 364,770 359,830 295 150 150 195 105 90 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 2,615,210 1,315,675 1,299,535
In sixth decile 122,380 60,845 61,535 50 25 25 65 30 30 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 475,780 234,975 240,805
In seventh decile 125,895 62,890 63,005 50 25 25 55 25 25 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 494,480 246,315 248,165
In eighth decile 132,170 66,300 65,865 70 35 35 45 30 20 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 518,565 260,640 257,925
In ninth decile 145,410 73,125 72,290 75 35 35 20 10 10 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 550,860 278,965 271,890
In top decile 198,750 101,615 97,135 60 30 25 10 5 0 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 575,535 294,785 280,750
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,291,770 ... ... 390 ... ... 355 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 4,915,940 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.376 ... ... 0.266 ... ... 0.215 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.346 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.471 ... ... 0.324 ... ... 0.348 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.449 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.327 ... ... 0.224 ... ... 0.193 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.306 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.1 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 390 195 190 355 185 170 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075
English only 1,177,415 591,385 586,025 355 185 175 315 170 145 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 4,461,290 2,220,225 2,241,070
French only 825 350 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 1,785 810 970
English and French 85,355 39,160 46,200 25 15 15 20 10 5 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 326,865 146,310 180,565
Neither English nor French 32,520 13,125 19,395 10 5 5 20 10 15 689,725 284,170 405,555 161,720 67,240 94,475
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 390 195 190 355 185 170 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075
English 1,240,980 619,695 621,280 375 195 185 325 175 150 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 4,718,195 2,332,370 2,385,825
French 16,810 8,335 8,480 5 5 0 5 0 5 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 56,495 28,130 28,370
English and French 6,620 3,275 3,345 0 0 0 5 0 0 476,175 237,635 238,535 18,145 8,260 9,885
Neither English nor French 31,705 12,710 18,995 10 5 5 20 10 15 673,100 275,685 397,420 158,820 65,825 92,995
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 390 195 190 355 185 170 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075
Single responses 1,229,455 611,620 617,835 365 185 180 330 175 155 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 4,761,600 2,343,570 2,418,030
Official languages 846,405 428,260 418,145 210 110 100 190 110 80 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 3,382,455 1,699,060 1,683,395
English 830,305 420,265 410,040 205 110 100 185 110 80 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 3,325,035 1,670,420 1,654,615
French 16,100 7,990 8,105 5 5 0 5 0 5 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 57,420 28,645 28,780
Non-official languages 383,050 183,360 199,690 150 75 75 145 65 75 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 1,379,145 644,515 734,630
Indigenous languages39 580 240 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 148,895 71,630 77,265 5,490 2,600 2,890
Algonquian languages 415 165 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,125 46,545 50,580 820 390 430
Blackfoot 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 30 15 15
Cree-Innu languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 67,665 32,715 34,950 630 310 320
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0 0 0
Cree languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,070 25,645 27,430 620 305 320
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 300 280 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,460 1,675 1,785 15 5 10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 50 20 25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 170 75 95
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,850 1,370 1,480 85 55 30
Cree, n.o.s. 125 45 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,535 18,810 19,725 305 150 155
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 310 315 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,155 2,415 2,745 15 10 5
Mi'kmaq 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,910 2,290 2,620 10 10 5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 5 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 55 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,775 10,230 11,550 155 65 90
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 865 400 460 0 5 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 15 5 5
Ojibway languages 45 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 135 55 85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 235 235 10 5 5
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 30 5 25
Ojibway, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 100 45 55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 50 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 1,560 710 850
Northern Athabaskan languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 1,545 705 840
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 615 280 335
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 90 40 50
Dene, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 70 40 30
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 5 0 5
Slavey-Hare languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 60 25 35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 20 5 10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 120 150 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 40 20 20
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 85 45 40
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 5 5 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 80 40 40
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 10 5 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 35 5 30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 460 210 250
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 5 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 5 0 5
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 110 55 60
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 10 5 10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 5 0 5
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 40 20 25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,790 16,480 17,315 50 15 35
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 5 0 5
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 5 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 0 0 0
Inuktitut 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,240 16,955 35 10 25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 5 0 5
Iroquoian languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 150 205 10 5 5
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Mohawk 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 115 155 5 5 5
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 30 15 15
Michif 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 25 10 15
Salish languages 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 1,080 510 565
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 180 90 95
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 100 45 50
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 180 95 80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 265 120 140
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 25 10 15
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 95 40 45
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 185 80 105
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 55 25 30
Siouan languages 80 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 10 5 5
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 5 0 0
Dakota 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 5 0 5
Stoney 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 5 5 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 1,005 505 505
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 575 295 275
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 155 170 320 155 165
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 115 60 60
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 760 380 385
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 80 30 50
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 295 180 115
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 150 70 80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 215 90 125
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 20 5 10
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 25 15 10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 70 25 40
Non-Indigenous languages 382,470 183,120 199,345 150 75 75 145 65 75 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 1,373,655 641,910 731,745
Afro-Asiatic languages 34,290 17,610 16,680 0 0 0 95 45 55 698,355 359,625 338,730 33,195 17,710 15,485
Berber languages 125 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,490 14,715 12,775 110 70 40
Kabyle 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,760 13,130 11,625 70 45 30
Tamazight 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,340 1,365 975 25 15 10
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 225 170 10 10 5
Chadic languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,985 1,085 905 50 35 15
Hausa 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 740 570 40 25 15
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 340 335 10 10 5
Coptic 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 510 505 10 5 5
Cushitic languages 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 15 5 10 49,410 23,275 26,135 2,005 1,025 980
Bilen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,020 1,085 935 30 15 15
Oromo 1,370 685 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 310 165 140
Somali 1,600 795 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,730 18,775 21,955 1,590 805 785
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 25 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 400 350 75 40 35
Semitic languages 30,935 15,925 15,005 0 0 0 85 40 40 618,450 320,045 298,405 31,020 16,575 14,450
Amharic 4,460 2,140 2,315 0 0 0 5 5 5 25,685 12,090 13,600 1,620 790 835
Arabic 20,395 10,695 9,705 0 0 0 70 35 30 508,410 265,350 243,060 22,970 12,330 10,640
Aramaic languages 635 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,690 13,465 14,220 1,505 770 735
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 325 160 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,220 8,320 8,900 580 295 280
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,335 4,525 800 405 390
Aramaic, n.o.s. 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,600 805 795 125 65 60
Harari 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 550 675 15 10 15
Hebrew 455 225 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,495 10,505 8,995 2,260 1,275 980
Maltese 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,425 2,080 2,340 170 85 90
Tigrigna 4,890 2,510 2,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,075 15,775 15,300 2,455 1,310 1,150
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 235 220 15 10 10
Austro-Asiatic languages 13,755 6,180 7,575 5 5 0 15 5 10 192,985 87,230 105,750 34,145 15,270 18,875
Khmer (Cambodian) 795 365 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,525 8,820 10,705 1,530 670 865
Vietnamese 12,855 5,750 7,100 5 5 0 15 5 10 173,000 78,180 94,820 32,560 14,580 17,985
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 110 60 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 230 225 50 25 30
Austronesian languages 51,040 22,530 28,505 5 5 5 10 5 0 565,375 238,875 326,500 104,100 42,685 61,415
Bikol 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,115 940 1,180 425 180 240
Bisaya, n.o.s. 865 370 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,215 3,425 4,790 1,375 550 825
Cebuano 1,840 815 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,945 7,800 11,145 3,585 1,405 2,175
Fijian 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 345 180 170
Hiligaynon 955 405 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,690 3,900 5,795 1,895 755 1,140
Ilocano 3,435 1,545 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,520 14,140 19,380 6,325 2,650 3,675
Indonesian 665 270 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,910 4,990 6,920 4,080 1,730 2,345
Kankanaey 190 80 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,100 465 640 200 85 120
Kinaray-a 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 125 45 80
Malagasy languages 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 990 1,090 35 15 20
Merina 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 580 670 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 415 425 30 15 20
Malay 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 570 760 365 180 185
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 460 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,615 2,635 2,980 870 400 470
Pangasinan 195 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,050 900 1,150 395 165 230
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 41,375 18,235 23,135 5 5 5 10 5 0 461,150 194,805 266,345 82,835 33,800 49,045
Waray-Waray 155 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 690 935 300 125 175
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 420 180 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,740 2,035 2,705 945 425 525
Creole languages 560 275 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,235 35,650 42,580 925 465 460
Haitian Creole 165 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,435 23,355 29,085 115 60 50
Jamaican English Creole 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 315 290 40 25 15
Krio 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 435 35 20 15
Morisyen 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,125 3,015 3,110 375 170 205
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 280 300 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 145 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,550 7,325 8,230 180 100 80
Creole languages, n.i.e. 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,000 1,140 170 85 90
Dravidian languages 6,430 3,300 3,125 15 10 10 0 0 0 244,165 125,180 118,990 13,260 7,225 6,035
Kannada 355 180 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,240 3,215 3,020 565 290 270
Malayalam 2,655 1,335 1,320 5 5 5 0 0 0 54,050 29,375 24,670 4,740 2,590 2,155
Tamil 2,095 1,095 1,000 5 5 5 0 0 0 152,850 75,010 77,845 5,055 2,645 2,405
Telugu 1,255 660 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,045 17,095 12,950 2,810 1,650 1,160
Tulu 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 310 305 70 40 30
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 170 195 25 10 15
Georgian 120 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,180 1,175 1,005 160 95 70
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 305 85 40 45
Indo-European languages 182,725 89,715 93,015 65 35 30 10 5 10 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 657,345 321,395 335,955
Albanian 1,330 695 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,265 14,690 14,580 1,645 850 795
Armenian 260 135 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,720 16,335 17,385 1,350 650 695
Balto-Slavic languages 27,355 12,635 14,725 5 5 5 0 0 0 648,810 297,100 351,710 81,655 37,525 44,135
Baltic languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,560 4,425 6,135 1,065 475 595
Latvian 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 1,875 2,555 545 250 290
Lithuanian 270 130 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,130 2,555 3,580 525 220 300
Slavic languages 26,925 12,430 14,490 5 5 5 0 0 0 638,250 292,670 345,580 80,590 37,050 43,540
Belarusian 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 325 395 70 30 40
Bulgarian 785 395 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,035 9,090 9,950 2,025 960 1,065
Czech 1,190 545 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,025 9,215 10,815 5,855 2,770 3,090
Macedonian 135 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,795 7,075 7,720 330 170 165
Polish 6,845 3,190 3,650 5 5 0 0 0 0 160,170 72,120 88,050 15,810 7,190 8,625
Russian 9,460 4,205 5,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 197,905 89,100 108,800 28,660 12,825 15,835
Rusyn 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 240 255 25 5 15
Serbo-Croatian 4,440 2,150 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,735 56,900 59,835 16,425 8,055 8,365
Bosnian 780 380 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,820 6,785 7,040 1,655 805 855
Croatian 1,755 830 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,500 20,755 22,740 6,805 3,255 3,545
Serbian 1,830 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,425 28,410 29,015 7,665 3,855 3,815
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,995 945 1,045 300 145 155
Slovak 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,255 6,930 8,320 3,275 1,475 1,805
Slovene (Slovenian) 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,965 3,425 4,535 950 430 520
Ukrainian 2,900 1,315 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 84,705 38,005 46,695 7,120 3,120 4,000
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 235 205 40 25 20
Celtic languages 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 1,110 1,045 415 225 190
Irish 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 355 315 110 60 40
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 210 80 40 35
Welsh 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 410 420 200 100 100
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 135 95 30 20 10
Germanic languages 12,360 5,935 6,430 0 0 0 5 0 5 463,400 221,365 242,035 84,375 39,695 44,675
Frisian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 800 775 200 95 105
High German languages 7,370 3,450 3,915 0 0 0 5 0 0 301,570 142,580 158,990 53,255 24,820 28,435
German 7,100 3,315 3,790 0 0 0 5 0 0 272,865 128,250 144,615 50,695 23,575 27,125
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 15 10 5
Swiss German 210 105 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,575 3,740 3,835 2,330 1,130 1,205
Yiddish 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,060 6,060 6,005 215 110 105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,940 1,950 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,655 67,815 70,840 23,295 11,250 12,040
Afrikaans 905 445 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,270 6,175 6,095 3,700 1,830 1,870
Dutch 2,750 1,370 1,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,315 39,000 41,310 17,345 8,325 9,020
Low German, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 235 100 130
Low Saxon 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 625 110 60 50
Plautdietsch 180 75 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,410 16,785 1,580 775 810
Vlaams (Flemish) 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,935 1,325 1,605 320 165 155
Scandinavian languages 1,000 495 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,275 9,500 10,775 7,530 3,465 4,060
Danish 560 295 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,945 4,750 5,195 3,625 1,700 1,925
Icelandic 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 430 480 215 100 115
Norwegian 165 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,535 1,675 1,860 1,520 720 795
Swedish 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,890 2,645 3,245 2,175 940 1,230
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 670 660 95 60 35
Greek 1,385 640 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,335 45,860 47,470 5,545 2,925 2,625
Indo-Iranian languages 98,325 49,490 48,840 35 20 20 10 0 5 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 368,635 184,325 184,310
Indo-Aryan languages 85,530 43,050 42,485 35 20 15 5 0 5 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 306,465 153,205 153,260
Assamese 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 75 40 35
Bengali 4,350 2,175 2,180 25 15 10 0 0 0 87,580 45,160 42,425 4,765 2,640 2,125
Gujarati 6,290 3,245 3,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,985 73,335 65,655 8,250 4,130 4,120
Hindi 7,905 3,990 3,920 0 0 0 5 0 5 152,825 79,585 73,240 32,390 16,270 16,120
Kacchi 1,030 455 580 0 0 0 5 0 5 6,930 3,100 3,830 1,195 510 680
Kashmiri 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 745 395 350 80 50 30
Konkani 160 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,425 1,675 1,745 280 145 135
Marathi 980 495 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,145 7,330 6,810 1,605 840 770
Nepali 2,195 1,135 1,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,425 11,920 11,510 1,725 900 825
Oriya languages 95 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,775 940 835 110 55 55
Odia 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,125 615 510 65 40 30
Oriya, n.o.s. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 325 320 45 20 20
Punjabi (Panjabi) 43,685 21,975 21,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 666,585 341,515 325,065 240,865 119,945 120,915
Rohingya 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 65 35 30
Sindhi 285 150 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 2,070 1,915 285 155 125
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 960 475 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,000 8,895 9,110 1,935 960 970
Urdu 16,835 8,445 8,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 235,290 118,540 116,755 12,210 6,195 6,015
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 625 330 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,865 2,085 1,780 625 325 305
Iranian languages 12,760 6,425 6,335 0 0 5 0 0 0 300,555 150,160 150,390 62,135 31,100 31,030
Baluchi 50 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 305 250 65 35 35
Kurdish 1,055 515 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,485 8,770 7,715 2,775 1,510 1,265
Parsi 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 240 155 85 70
Pashto 1,960 1,000 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,520 10,170 9,355 1,365 760 600
Persian languages 9,625 4,835 4,780 0 0 5 0 0 0 262,625 130,180 132,440 57,700 28,670 29,030
Dari 2,800 1,400 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,220 28,070 29,155 6,005 2,965 3,045
Iranian Persian 5,565 2,800 2,765 0 0 5 0 0 0 179,425 89,070 90,360 46,395 23,045 23,355
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,255 635 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,975 13,040 12,930 5,295 2,665 2,630
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 425 390 75 45 30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 165 140 40 20 20
Italic (Romance) languages 41,550 20,105 21,450 20 10 5 0 0 0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 113,685 55,180 58,505
Catalan 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 470 440 200 115 90
Italian 4,100 2,060 2,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 319,505 154,295 165,205 19,805 10,000 9,800
Portuguese 4,065 1,935 2,125 10 0 0 0 0 0 240,680 115,235 125,450 24,320 11,490 12,840
Romanian 4,155 2,045 2,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,160 44,185 48,975 8,775 4,250 4,525
Spanish 29,175 14,035 15,135 10 10 5 0 0 0 538,870 259,500 279,375 60,465 29,260 31,205
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 610 550 120 65 55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 195 185 35 20 15
Japanese 2,195 735 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,850 14,205 29,650 22,030 7,135 14,895
Korean 10,205 4,705 5,510 5 5 0 0 0 0 170,400 77,075 93,325 59,935 26,815 33,125
Mongolian 450 200 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 800 1,050 435 185 250
Niger-Congo languages 5,870 2,945 2,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,295 52,850 55,440 4,910 2,455 2,455
Akan (Twi) 620 315 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,120 6,400 6,720 545 300 240
Bamanankan 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,855 1,000 860 15 10 5
Edo 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,685 745 940 75 35 35
Éwé 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 1,030 920 110 60 50
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,520 1,825 1,695 40 20 20
Ga 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 400 415 50 25 25
Ganda 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,890 885 1,010 160 75 90
Gikuyu 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 320 440 70 30 35
Igbo 730 380 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 2,720 2,460 290 150 140
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,380 3,365 4,015 295 145 145
Lingala 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,925 2,335 90 50 40
Luba-Kasai 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 245 275 10 5 10
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 260 260 0 0 0
Mwani 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 365 325 30 15 10
Ndebele 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 420 500 50 20 30
Rundi (Kirundi) 140 60 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,660 4,035 4,625 225 100 120
Shona 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,605 1,665 1,940 355 170 185
Soninke 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 315 190 5 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 200 320 65 25 35
Swahili 725 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,000 7,630 8,370 1,090 520 570
Wojenaka 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 10 5 5
Wolof 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,605 2,285 50 25 25
Yoruba 1,685 880 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,015 7,605 7,410 555 305 250
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 700 335 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,000 6,405 6,590 735 360 375
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,270 640 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,920 3,565 3,355 420 215 200
Dinka 535 295 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 1,000 865 105 50 50
Nuer 375 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 50 25 25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 305 155 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,395 1,745 1,645 220 120 105
African, n.o.s. 55 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 575 305 270 45 20 25
Sign languages 230 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,955 3,710 3,250 1,000 560 440
American Sign Language 185 100 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,635 2,335 895 500 390
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 990 520 465 5 5 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 555 450 105 55 50
Sino-Tibetan languages 67,255 31,260 36,000 45 20 20 15 10 5 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 419,855 189,740 230,115
Chinese languages 65,980 30,640 35,335 45 20 20 15 10 5 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 417,290 188,495 228,795
Hakka 280 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 4,420 5,345 2,080 895 1,185
Mandarin 31,270 14,465 16,810 15 10 10 0 0 0 679,255 310,750 368,510 205,205 91,455 113,750
Min Dong 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 665 645 185 90 95
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,205 515 690 5 0 5 0 0 0 27,805 12,415 15,390 11,780 5,240 6,540
Wu (Shanghainese) 250 125 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,880 3,995 4,880 3,200 1,405 1,795
Yue (Cantonese) 32,065 14,990 17,075 25 10 15 15 10 5 553,380 255,540 297,835 192,140 88,195 103,945
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 380 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,610 5,500 6,110 2,560 1,155 1,405
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 295 330 135 60 80
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,235 600 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,600 8,160 8,445 2,485 1,205 1,280
Burmese 255 120 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,305 1,590 1,710 1,015 485 535
Kuki-Chin languages 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 475 210 90 120
Karenic languages 220 110 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 725 345 380
S'gaw Karen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 645 305 335
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 55 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 305 315 85 40 40
Tibetan 635 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,025 3,475 3,545 395 215 185
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 445 440 140 75 65
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 285 295 75 40 35
Tai-Kadai languages 1,070 390 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,350 8,605 13,745 4,395 1,380 3,015
Lao 415 195 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,485 5,475 6,010 1,100 525 580
Thai 620 175 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,455 2,960 7,495 3,170 800 2,365
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 165 240 120 50 70
Turkic languages 1,870 1,000 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,520 28,385 25,135 6,055 3,325 2,730
Azerbaijani 240 135 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,490 2,460 2,030 625 345 280
Kazakh 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 540 230 305 115 40 75
Turkish 1,340 730 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,190 23,615 20,570 4,765 2,685 2,080
Uyghur 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 660 690 240 120 120
Uzbek 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,805 890 920 150 70 80
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 530 620 165 65 95
Uralic languages 3,070 1,415 1,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,180 31,000 37,180 11,275 5,160 6,115
Estonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,485 1,945 2,535 575 235 340
Finnish 240 85 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,200 5,075 7,120 3,005 1,240 1,760
Hungarian 2,765 1,300 1,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,500 23,980 27,525 7,700 3,685 4,015
Other languages, n.i.e. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,060 540 520 130 70 60
Multiple responses 66,660 32,400 34,265 30 15 15 25 10 10 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 190,055 91,010 99,040
English and French 5,245 2,530 2,715 5 0 0 5 5 0 291,325 142,420 148,905 17,320 8,415 8,905
English and non-official language(s) 53,970 26,410 27,560 25 10 15 20 10 10 921,480 450,685 470,800 150,730 72,755 77,980
French and non-official language(s) 1,145 565 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,910 57,875 60,040 2,395 1,135 1,260
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,015 465 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,880 25,900 26,975 2,960 1,335 1,630
Multiple non-official languages 5,295 2,430 2,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,095 42,330 49,765 16,645 7,375 9,270
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 390 195 190 355 185 170 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075
English 858,205 432,905 425,300 205 105 100 210 115 90 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 3,491,395 1,745,260 1,746,140
French 3,800 1,885 1,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 11,050 5,420 5,625
Non-official language 119,530 56,930 62,595 35 20 20 45 20 25 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 464,235 216,230 248,005
Indigenous39 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,460 25,385 25,080 645 320 325
Non-Indigenous 119,485 56,915 62,570 35 20 20 45 20 25 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 463,590 215,910 247,685
English and French 12,035 5,650 6,380 5 0 0 0 0 0 953,760 465,560 488,205 42,645 19,975 22,670
English and non-official language(s) 283,170 137,555 145,610 135 70 65 90 45 50 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 880,090 419,520 460,570
French and non-official language(s) 525 235 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1,065 480 585
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,990 3,275 3,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 455,760 217,995 237,770 21,610 9,790 11,820
Multiple non-official languages 11,860 5,575 6,290 0 0 0 5 5 5 200,320 93,165 107,155 39,565 17,910 21,660
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 390 195 190 355 185 170 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075
Single responses 1,226,245 609,935 616,315 365 185 180 340 175 160 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 4,753,615 2,340,025 2,413,590
Official languages 983,495 492,440 491,055 275 140 135 240 135 110 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 3,906,070 1,939,330 1,966,740
English 977,675 489,585 488,090 270 135 135 240 135 105 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 3,888,825 1,930,925 1,957,900
French 5,820 2,860 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 17,245 8,400 8,845
Non-official languages 242,750 117,500 125,255 85 45 40 100 40 55 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 847,550 400,695 446,850
Indigenous languages39 105 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,835 42,950 42,885 1,215 595 615
Algonquian languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,135 25,010 25,120 130 55 70
Blackfoot 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 10 10 5
Cree-Innu languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,255 19,165 19,090 110 50 60
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0
Cree languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,700 13,425 13,270 100 45 60
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 360 10 0 5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 20 5 15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 430 405 5 0 5
Cree, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,585 10,400 10,180 70 30 35
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 10 0 10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 5 0 5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 70 5 0 5
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 465 235 230
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 460 230 230
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 215 95 120
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 20 10 5
Dene, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 20 10 5
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 390 315 15 10 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 5 5 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 220 175 5 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 5
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 165 85 75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 30 15 10
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 5 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 10 0 5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,295 13,695 13,600 10 5 5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,140 13,625 13,520 10 5 5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 15 10 5
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 10 5 5
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 10 0 5
Salish languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 250 120 125
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 45 20 25
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 40 15 20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 30 20 10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 80 40 40
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 30 15 10
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 15 5 10
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Siouan languages 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 15 10 5
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 0 0 0
Stoney 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 210 115 100
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 120 65 55
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 80 40 40
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 5 5
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 65 20 40
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 5 5
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 20 5 15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 30 10 15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 30 15 15
Non-Indigenous languages 242,650 117,455 125,195 85 45 40 100 40 55 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 846,335 400,100 446,235
Afro-Asiatic languages 21,960 10,980 10,975 0 0 0 60 25 40 395,840 197,010 198,830 19,805 10,000 9,805
Berber languages 45 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,295 5,940 5,355 40 20 20
Kabyle 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,180 5,325 4,850 30 10 15
Tamazight 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 455 380 5 5 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 155 130 5 5 5
Chadic languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 425 410 10 5 5
Hausa 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 330 305 5 0 5
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 95 105 5 5 0
Coptic 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 2,135 1,040 1,100 0 0 0 5 5 5 30,375 14,115 16,260 1,150 570 585
Bilen 130 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,645 890 760 25 15 10
Oromo 995 495 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 155 80 75
Somali 1,010 470 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,410 11,075 13,335 930 455 475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 215 205 45 20 25
Semitic languages 19,740 9,895 9,845 0 0 0 50 25 30 352,790 176,270 176,520 18,605 9,405 9,195
Amharic 2,800 1,320 1,485 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,030 6,470 7,565 765 345 415
Arabic 12,395 6,275 6,120 0 0 0 40 20 20 285,915 143,650 142,260 13,845 6,995 6,850
Aramaic languages 485 230 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,740 9,940 10,800 1,110 545 575
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 250 120 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,935 6,150 6,785 390 195 195
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 150 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,585 3,185 3,400 600 290 310
Aramaic, n.o.s. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 605 615 120 55 65
Harari 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 305 380 20 5 15
Hebrew 235 115 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,515 4,355 4,160 1,030 535 500
Maltese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 360 435 5 0 5
Tigrigna 3,765 1,920 1,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,860 11,050 10,810 1,810 975 840
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 135 115 10 5 5
Austro-Asiatic languages 9,355 4,270 5,090 0 0 0 15 5 10 127,730 58,660 69,070 21,705 9,915 11,790
Khmer (Cambodian) 430 190 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,765 5,880 780 360 425
Vietnamese 8,840 4,030 4,810 0 0 0 15 5 10 116,785 53,735 63,055 20,890 9,535 11,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 135 40 20 15
Austronesian languages 32,480 15,230 17,250 5 5 5 0 0 0 326,245 149,550 176,700 54,720 24,615 30,105
Bikol 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 370 395 130 65 60
Bisaya, n.o.s. 470 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,125 1,895 2,230 585 260 325
Cebuano 1,090 530 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,195 4,720 5,480 1,735 780 950
Fijian 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 110 60 50
Hiligaynon 520 250 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,265 2,750 865 390 480
Ilocano 2,135 990 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,350 8,350 10,000 3,280 1,480 1,795
Indonesian 225 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,150 1,985 2,170 1,375 675 700
Kankanaey 110 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 265 320 105 45 60
Kinaray-a 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 150 170 55 20 30
Malagasy languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 370 355 15 10 10
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 165 170 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 205 190 15 10 10
Malay 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 145 140 55 30 25
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 240 120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,030 1,435 1,590 425 195 225
Pangasinan 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 310 375 130 55 75
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 27,210 12,710 14,500 5 5 5 0 0 0 275,045 125,870 149,170 45,380 20,305 25,080
Waray-Waray 70 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 325 360 115 65 50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,100 1,000 1,105 355 175 180
Creole languages 325 155 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,195 15,455 19,740 430 200 230
Haitian Creole 115 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,610 9,620 12,990 25 15 15
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 125 175 25 15 10
Krio 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 150 210 20 5 10
Morisyen 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,640 1,760 1,880 230 110 115
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 135 160 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,120 3,275 3,845 75 35 40
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 395 475 60 20 35
Dravidian languages 4,160 2,085 2,080 10 5 5 0 0 0 169,705 85,265 84,440 8,005 4,180 3,825
Kannada 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,060 1,575 1,485 240 125 105
Malayalam 1,785 890 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,390 19,010 16,380 2,890 1,545 1,345
Tamil 1,395 710 680 5 5 5 0 0 0 112,335 54,240 58,095 3,185 1,585 1,595
Telugu 760 375 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,470 10,215 8,250 1,645 895 750
Tulu 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 120 120 25 15 15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 105 25 10 15
Georgian 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,335 730 610 100 60 40
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 35 15 20
Indo-European languages 112,245 55,440 56,805 40 25 20 5 0 5 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 364,340 179,590 184,745
Albanian 610 325 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 7,005 7,100 690 345 345
Armenian 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,970 10,415 11,550 675 315 355
Balto-Slavic languages 12,980 6,225 6,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 303,480 143,495 159,985 33,875 16,185 17,690
Baltic languages 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,495 1,120 1,380 225 115 105
Latvian 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 395 485 90 45 45
Lithuanian 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 720 895 135 70 65
Slavic languages 12,790 6,130 6,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 300,985 142,375 158,610 33,650 16,070 17,580
Belarusian 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 115 15 5 5
Bulgarian 360 175 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,315 5,005 5,310 900 430 465
Czech 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,680 2,705 2,980 1,760 875 890
Macedonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,105 2,880 3,225 125 65 60
Polish 2,795 1,345 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,140 30,225 34,915 5,250 2,470 2,785
Russian 6,055 2,880 3,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,780 59,290 66,490 16,090 7,655 8,435
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 10 5 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,860 905 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,150 25,720 27,430 6,745 3,270 3,480
Bosnian 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 3,135 3,345 720 345 380
Croatian 650 300 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,925 6,965 7,960 1,940 885 1,050
Serbian 895 440 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,110 15,310 15,800 4,010 1,990 2,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 315 325 75 40 35
Slovak 350 165 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,410 2,605 1,040 510 535
Slovene (Slovenian) 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,375 595 785 85 35 50
Ukrainian 905 435 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,825 13,250 14,580 1,630 755 870
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 5 5 0
Celtic languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 295 265 45 30 15
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 165 145 20 15 5
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 55 5 0 5
Welsh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 20 15 5
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 0 5 0
Germanic languages 1,535 735 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,450 68,575 71,875 12,280 5,870 6,410
Frisian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 110 155 10 5 5
High German languages 665 320 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 103,780 50,460 53,325 7,805 3,690 4,115
German 640 305 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,820 41,815 45,005 7,320 3,455 3,865
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 5 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,750 870 875 480 230 245
Yiddish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,950 4,140 3,810 5 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 725 345 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,710 16,730 16,980 3,785 1,850 1,930
Afrikaans 435 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,095 3,055 3,035 1,725 850 870
Dutch 275 125 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,100 3,950 4,150 1,485 720 770
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 60 30 35
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 45 25 20
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 440 215 230
Vlaams (Flemish) 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 120 30 20 15
Scandinavian languages 130 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 920 1,020 670 320 350
Danish 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 280 340 220 105 115
Icelandic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 95 50 25 25
Norwegian 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 125 135 95 40 55
Swedish 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 435 450 305 145 160
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 355 390 5 5 5
Greek 430 185 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,300 17,490 20,810 1,915 900 1,015
Indo-Iranian languages 73,220 36,630 36,595 25 15 10 5 0 5 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 263,030 130,695 132,330
Indo-Aryan languages 64,720 32,425 32,290 25 15 15 5 0 5 962,820 490,815 472,000 220,735 110,140 110,605
Assamese 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 110 110 20 15 10
Bengali 2,905 1,420 1,490 20 10 5 0 0 0 56,750 28,435 28,315 2,720 1,410 1,305
Gujarati 4,045 2,085 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,005 47,790 44,215 4,160 2,050 2,115
Hindi 5,165 2,605 2,565 0 0 0 5 0 5 91,930 47,555 44,375 17,670 8,855 8,815
Kacchi 565 235 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,055 1,310 1,750 455 185 275
Kashmiri 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 30 15 10
Konkani 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 415 470 45 20 25
Marathi 565 285 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,460 3,800 3,660 780 400 380
Nepali 1,565 805 765 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,835 8,595 8,235 1,120 570 555
Oriya languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 420 375 40 20 20
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 275 250 25 15 15
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 130 10 5 5
Punjabi (Panjabi) 36,445 18,325 18,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 520,390 266,775 253,610 184,065 91,825 92,240
Rohingya 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 215 60 30 25
Sindhi 165 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 130 60 70
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 520 255 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,665 4,775 4,890 940 445 495
Urdu 12,250 6,075 6,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 158,040 78,420 79,615 8,235 4,095 4,135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 340 165 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,015 1,040 975 265 145 125
Iranian languages 8,490 4,190 4,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,420 99,545 104,875 42,285 20,560 21,725
Baluchi 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 155 40 20 20
Kurdish 735 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,380 5,245 5,135 1,765 900 865
Parsi 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 130 150 75 35 40
Pashto 1,215 625 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,215 6,670 6,545 900 490 410
Persian languages 6,470 3,185 3,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 179,745 87,075 92,670 39,475 19,095 20,375
Dari 1,710 830 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,190 17,395 18,795 3,690 1,785 1,900
Iranian Persian 3,900 1,930 1,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,840 61,060 64,780 32,375 15,665 16,710
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 860 430 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,620 9,095 3,405 1,640 1,765
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 250 225 35 25 15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 70 55 5 0 5
Italic (Romance) languages 23,265 11,255 12,015 15 10 5 0 0 0 577,735 273,965 303,770 51,830 25,240 26,590
Catalan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 185 190 80 40 35
Italian 945 425 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,755 38,750 54,005 4,475 1,930 2,545
Portuguese 2,220 1,090 1,125 10 5 0 0 0 0 118,730 56,685 62,045 12,670 6,055 6,615
Romanian 1,980 980 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,090 23,135 24,955 3,620 1,740 1,885
Spanish 18,095 8,740 9,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 317,365 155,005 162,360 30,960 15,455 15,500
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 220 35 15 20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 95 95 5 0 0
Japanese 1,075 455 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,055 8,290 11,765 10,220 4,190 6,035
Korean 7,740 3,650 4,090 5 5 0 0 0 0 125,525 58,250 67,275 45,525 20,925 24,600
Mongolian 305 135 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 505 545 220 115 105
Niger-Congo languages 2,045 965 1,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,600 18,055 20,545 1,485 705 780
Akan (Twi) 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 2,755 3,240 165 85 80
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 280 280 5 5 0
Edo 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 150 215 10 5 5
Éwé 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 225 245 45 20 20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 665 650 15 10 10
Ga 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 115 150 15 10 5
Ganda 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 260 295 30 20 10
Gikuyu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 10 5 10
Igbo 195 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 770 765 85 40 45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,205 1,520 105 50 55
Lingala 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,520 655 860 25 10 10
Luba-Kasai 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 60 0 0 0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 0 0 0
Mwani 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 0 0 0
Ndebele 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 130 160 10 5 5
Rundi (Kirundi) 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,780 1,760 2,025 130 60 75
Shona 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 480 555 65 35 35
Soninke 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 145 85 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 45 85 5 5 0
Swahili 275 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,055 3,290 3,765 375 175 205
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 130 160 0 0 0
Wolof 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,945 1,040 910 15 10 5
Yoruba 615 290 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,505 2,890 160 80 80
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 150 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,250 1,470 210 105 110
Nilo-Saharan languages 700 350 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,555 1,600 155 75 80
Dinka 325 185 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 485 420 30 15 10
Nuer 255 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 355 20 10 5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,465 705 760 90 40 50
African, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 70 20 10 15
Sign languages 380 210 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,160 7,005 5,160 1,720 970 745
American Sign Language 295 160 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,175 4,660 3,515 1,390 790 605
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 830 645 5 5 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,515 1,000 325 180 140
Sino-Tibetan languages 47,145 22,180 24,965 30 10 15 10 10 5 967,965 450,210 517,755 310,860 141,235 169,630
Chinese languages 46,220 21,715 24,505 30 10 15 10 10 5 955,685 444,115 511,565 309,165 140,385 168,780
Hakka 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,645 1,985 605 270 335
Mandarin 23,495 11,210 12,290 10 5 10 0 0 0 530,945 249,675 281,270 162,130 73,835 88,295
Min Dong 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 370 405 95 45 50
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 460 185 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,945 6,255 7,685 6,285 2,850 3,440
Wu (Shanghainese) 150 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,750 2,705 3,050 2,010 930 1,080
Yue (Cantonese) 21,510 9,980 11,530 15 10 5 10 10 5 393,430 180,000 213,435 136,525 61,785 74,745
Chinese, n.o.s. 500 230 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,985 3,360 3,625 1,455 650 805
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 110 115 60 25 35
Tibeto-Burman languages 910 460 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,990 5,960 6,035 1,665 830 835
Burmese 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,075 1,010 1,070 670 325 345
Kuki-Chin languages 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 170 85 85
Karenic languages 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 530 270 260
S'gaw Karen 125 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 475 240 240
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 210 50 30 20
Tibetan 485 250 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,680 2,705 240 130 110
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 225 240 60 25 30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 135 155 35 20 20
Tai-Kadai languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,120 4,660 5,460 1,570 655 915
Lao 175 80 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,955 2,850 3,105 500 235 265
Thai 240 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,955 1,725 2,230 1,010 390 620
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 85 125 60 25 30
Turkic languages 1,135 580 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,490 16,530 15,960 3,030 1,540 1,490
Azerbaijani 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,200 1,095 1,105 295 140 155
Kazakh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 50 15 5 10
Turkish 910 470 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,970 14,290 13,685 2,500 1,290 1,205
Uyghur 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 420 435 125 60 60
Uzbek 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 470 480 65 30 35
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 210 40 15 25
Uralic languages 1,065 505 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,790 8,625 10,165 2,375 1,100 1,280
Estonian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 245 370 65 30 35
Finnish 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 825 1,050 500 210 290
Hungarian 1,025 490 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,295 7,550 8,745 1,815 855 955
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 195 20 15 15
Multiple responses 69,870 34,085 35,785 30 15 15 15 10 5 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 198,040 94,560 103,480
English and French 2,485 1,205 1,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 230,955 112,070 118,880 7,210 3,415 3,800
English and non-official language(s) 64,950 31,765 33,190 30 10 15 15 10 5 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 183,010 87,560 95,445
French and non-official language(s) 240 105 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,525 60,405 65,125 535 245 295
English, French and non-official language(s) 640 290 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,805 27,370 29,430 1,525 735 785
Multiple non-official languages 1,550 715 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,705 12,190 14,515 5,760 2,605 3,160
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,296,115 644,020 652,100 385 195 190 355 185 170 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 4,951,660 2,434,585 2,517,075
None 1,038,845 519,700 519,145 275 140 135 270 145 125 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 4,130,200 2,045,235 2,084,970
English 97,335 47,975 49,365 50 30 20 40 15 20 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 304,845 147,605 157,245
French 9,450 4,360 5,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 571,040 268,530 302,510 34,575 15,995 18,575
Non-official language 116,850 55,575 61,275 55 30 25 30 20 15 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 379,250 176,935 202,310
Indigenous39 600 265 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,565 29,285 34,280 5,140 2,360 2,785
Non-Indigenous 116,250 55,305 60,945 55 30 25 30 20 15 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 374,105 174,580 199,525
English and French 1,235 595 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,185 42,600 43,585 2,740 1,245 1,490
English and non-official language(s) 15,885 7,880 8,005 0 0 0 5 5 5 323,845 161,995 161,850 46,940 22,760 24,175
French and non-official language(s) 3,285 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,565 61,575 72,995 11,880 5,335 6,550
English, French and non-official language(s) 190 105 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,870 5,975 5,895 655 300 360
Multiple non-official languages 13,040 6,300 6,735 5 5 5 10 5 0 234,905 115,470 119,430 40,580 19,180 21,395
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 390 180 210 370 200 170 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055
Official languages 1,259,370 628,960 630,410 390 180 210 350 195 160 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 4,754,865 2,350,105 2,404,760
English 1,258,480 628,565 629,915 390 180 210 350 195 160 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 4,753,275 2,349,445 2,403,835
French 86,135 39,155 46,980 55 25 25 25 15 10 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 327,350 145,985 181,370
Non-official languages 518,025 249,240 268,785 170 85 90 205 105 100 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 1,780,325 838,795 941,525
Indigenous languages39 1,600 630 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 243,155 116,360 126,795 16,560 7,740 8,820
Algonquian languages 1,045 395 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,815 78,135 85,675 1,985 885 1,100
Blackfoot 460 180 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 60 20 45
Cree-Innu languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,850 50,975 54,870 1,450 675 775
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,455 3,360 15 15 10
Cree languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,875 42,340 45,530 1,425 660 770
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,880 2,320 2,555 10 10 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 95 25 70
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 220 65 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 435 195 245
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 160 80 80
Cree, n.o.s. 235 105 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,000 29,930 31,070 745 360 385
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,745 4,935 5,805 10 10 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 525 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,035 4,770 5,260 65 20 40
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,245 4,370 4,880 60 15 40
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 10 10 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,865 20,015 22,850 440 175 260
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 895 1,060 20 15 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 25 10 15
Ojibway languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,160 11,930 14,235 400 160 240
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,035 875 1,165 80 30 45
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 80 135 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 55 10 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 50 10 40
Ojibway, n.o.s. 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,720 9,495 11,225 275 115 160
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 10 10 0
Athabaskan languages 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,390 9,635 10,755 3,540 1,580 1,955
Northern Athabaskan languages 215 85 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,135 9,515 10,620 3,490 1,570 1,920
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 1,530 675 855
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 205 100 105
Dene, n.o.s. 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 205 95 110
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 15 10 10
Slavey-Hare languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,330 1,140 1,190 85 30 50
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 25 10 15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 10 0 10
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,210 620 590 55 25 30
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 235 125 105
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 20 10 10
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 220 125 95
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 15 10 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 135 40 95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 855 395 465
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 25 10 15
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 15 0 10
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 245 120 130
Tlingit 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 35 15 15
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 20 0 20
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 225 80 145
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,795 20,980 21,820 205 100 100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 35 20 15
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 30 15 15
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 0 0 0
Inuktitut 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,680 20,495 21,185 175 90 90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 10 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 880 1,175 100 60 40
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,605 655 950 90 45 35
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 190 90 105
Michif 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 240 100 140
Salish languages 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 5,145 2,450 2,695
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 1,400 665 735
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 590 285 305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 465 270 200
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 1,060 475 580
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 345 165 175
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 315 130 180
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 690 315 375
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 325 155 170
Siouan languages 215 115 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 100 60 35
Assiniboine 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 15 10 10
Dakota 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 30 20 10
Stoney 170 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 50 35 20
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 2,610 1,310 1,295
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 1,120 545 575
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 1,080 585 500
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 455 205 250
Wakashan languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 2,145 965 1,180
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 285 145 140
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 330 160 170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 790 335 460
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 685 300 390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 45 20 25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 355 165 185
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 405 450 285 140 145
Non-Indigenous languages 516,570 248,665 267,905 170 85 90 205 105 100 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 1,764,475 831,400 933,075
Afro-Asiatic languages 52,310 27,045 25,265 0 0 0 155 80 80 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 50,895 27,105 23,785
Berber languages 275 175 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,835 22,775 20,060 235 140 95
Kabyle 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,415 19,660 17,755 140 90 45
Tamazight 80 60 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,735 2,720 2,015 65 30 35
Berber languages, n.i.e. 25 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 750 575 35 20 15
Chadic languages 350 215 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,090 3,740 3,350 315 155 160
Hausa 340 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,080 2,695 2,380 285 135 150
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 1,040 965 25 20 10
Coptic 85 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,690 1,790 1,900 60 40 25
Cushitic languages 4,685 2,455 2,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,930 34,430 37,500 2,745 1,470 1,275
Bilen 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 30 15 20
Oromo 2,085 1,115 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 500 280 220
Somali 2,420 1,260 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,005 27,735 31,270 2,215 1,180 1,030
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,400 760 645 50 30 15
Semitic languages 48,400 24,960 23,435 0 0 0 140 80 60 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 48,405 25,830 22,570
Amharic 8,360 4,130 4,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,305 23,910 24,395 3,100 1,605 1,495
Arabic 33,325 17,480 15,845 0 0 0 135 80 60 838,045 436,510 401,540 35,595 19,250 16,355
Aramaic languages 820 480 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,655 19,690 19,965 2,270 1,165 1,100
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 345 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,865 11,765 12,100 895 495 400
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 1,050 510 535
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,195 1,625 1,570 380 190 190
Harari 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 20 0 20
Hebrew 1,975 1,000 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,205 42,515 40,685 6,995 3,570 3,430
Maltese 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,080 3,450 270 130 150
Tigrigna 7,570 3,870 3,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,970 23,120 22,845 3,435 1,890 1,550
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 125 90 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,760 1,065 695 60 35 25
Austro-Asiatic languages 19,430 8,935 10,495 0 0 0 35 20 15 260,030 120,035 139,995 44,030 19,965 24,070
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,135 540 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,390 13,100 15,290 2,210 1,020 1,190
Vietnamese 18,090 8,270 9,820 0 0 0 35 20 15 232,800 107,435 125,355 41,975 19,020 22,950
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 270 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 455 455 65 30 40
Austronesian languages 70,310 31,065 39,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 793,275 336,445 456,840 148,455 61,285 87,165
Bikol 505 265 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,975 2,275 810 370 445
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,065 475 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,990 4,625 6,375 1,655 655 1,005
Cebuano 3,285 1,510 1,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,045 13,790 19,250 5,995 2,485 3,510
Fijian 90 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 1,020 500 525
Hiligaynon 1,265 525 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,385 6,650 9,735 3,135 1,215 1,920
Ilocano 6,395 2,785 3,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,680 25,280 36,400 11,285 4,555 6,725
Indonesian 1,175 545 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,815 8,895 10,915 6,810 3,175 3,640
Kankanaey 250 105 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,175 330 115 215
Kinaray-a 85 50 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 345 510 200 70 130
Malagasy languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,885 1,960 1,920 100 45 60
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,355 1,215 1,140 20 10 10
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,565 785 780 85 35 50
Malay 780 350 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,770 4,995 5,775 3,485 1,665 1,820
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,130 490 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 4,690 5,865 1,550 675 875
Pangasinan 460 235 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,455 1,885 2,575 925 375 550
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 66,715 29,420 37,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 737,565 310,735 426,830 133,780 54,495 79,285
Waray-Waray 390 190 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 1,910 2,610 865 360 505
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,700 770 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,140 8,785 11,355 3,590 1,580 2,005
Creole languages 1,915 975 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,840 85,045 99,790 3,230 1,610 1,615
Haitian Creole 540 285 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,895 61,215 73,680 470 225 245
Jamaican English Creole 135 55 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,675 265 115 155
Krio 125 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 870 1,090 160 65 90
Morisyen 355 170 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,345 7,620 7,725 1,070 520 550
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,535 785 750 15 10 10
Creole, n.o.s. 475 275 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,220 14,400 16,825 835 450 385
Creole languages, n.i.e. 470 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,585 4,575 5,005 555 280 275
Dravidian languages 10,080 5,160 4,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 359,485 185,160 174,325 20,585 11,060 9,530
Kannada 1,075 550 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 9,660 8,760 1,615 885 735
Malayalam 3,775 1,935 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,910 42,025 35,890 6,765 3,705 3,060
Tamil 4,200 2,140 2,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 237,890 119,570 118,320 9,740 5,125 4,610
Telugu 2,335 1,220 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,685 30,575 24,110 4,860 2,760 2,095
Tulu 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 935 835 205 110 95
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 450 520 45 25 30
Georgian 220 120 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,015 1,565 1,445 240 140 95
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 365 360 160 85 80
Indo-European languages 257,340 126,440 130,900 85 30 55 0 0 0 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 906,560 443,600 462,960
Albanian 1,825 990 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,345 19,410 18,935 2,195 1,045 1,155
Armenian 460 265 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,500 21,675 22,825 1,600 765 830
Balto-Slavic languages 34,205 16,055 18,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 820,305 384,390 435,915 101,395 47,765 53,630
Baltic languages 485 220 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,890 5,900 7,985 1,480 695 790
Latvian 155 65 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,020 2,595 3,425 730 330 400
Lithuanian 330 155 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,895 3,325 4,570 750 365 390
Slavic languages 33,920 15,935 17,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 809,985 380,025 429,960 100,340 47,265 53,075
Belarusian 85 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,185 1,640 330 140 190
Bulgarian 985 445 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,210 11,805 12,400 2,475 1,190 1,285
Czech 1,940 970 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,625 13,595 15,030 7,935 3,815 4,115
Macedonian 290 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,015 10,965 12,050 505 260 245
Polish 8,485 4,025 4,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,460 94,135 110,325 19,640 9,130 10,510
Russian 14,155 6,685 7,470 0 0 0 0 0 0 309,235 145,375 163,860 42,390 19,800 22,590
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 345 330 45 15 25
Serbo-Croatian 6,010 2,820 3,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,775 76,800 78,975 21,625 10,790 10,835
Bosnian 1,560 745 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,380 12,555 12,825 3,150 1,540 1,605
Croatian 3,010 1,400 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,845 36,015 37,830 11,060 5,345 5,715
Serbian 2,905 1,385 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,735 41,550 42,185 11,070 5,640 5,425
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,085 1,590 1,500 480 255 225
Slovak 1,295 590 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,905 9,455 11,450 4,315 1,945 2,370
Slovene (Slovenian) 280 115 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,715 5,935 1,280 585 695
Ukrainian 4,265 1,890 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 131,655 59,230 72,425 12,205 5,430 6,775
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 70 35 35
Celtic languages 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,485 5,430 5,055 2,675 1,430 1,245
Irish 205 125 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,360 2,940 2,415 1,665 920 745
Scottish Gaelic 85 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,050 1,120 260 130 125
Welsh 135 80 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,015 1,155 610 290 320
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 495 415 160 100 55
Germanic languages 21,235 10,295 10,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 658,705 319,800 338,905 128,605 60,765 67,835
Frisian 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,835 1,480 1,350 375 210 165
High German languages 14,220 6,860 7,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 453,995 222,215 231,780 86,275 41,190 45,085
German 13,950 6,720 7,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 419,195 204,840 214,355 84,325 40,275 44,050
Pennsylvania German 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 25 15 15
Swiss German 350 165 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,465 5,025 5,440 3,030 1,415 1,620
Yiddish 110 65 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,155 10,105 10,045 480 225 255
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5,870 2,990 2,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 191,840 93,435 98,405 34,480 16,520 17,965
Afrikaans 1,785 960 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,670 15,335 14,335 9,755 5,050 4,705
Dutch 3,780 1,890 1,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 107,985 51,330 56,650 22,380 10,375 12,005
Low German, n.o.s. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 345 175 170
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 55 25 30
Plautdietsch 230 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,165 20,590 20,575 2,180 1,055 1,130
Vlaams (Flemish) 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 1,825 2,155 405 200 205
Scandinavian languages 1,920 895 1,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,500 17,205 20,300 12,425 5,520 6,910
Danish 940 480 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,700 6,805 7,900 4,950 2,235 2,720
Icelandic 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 685 790 330 130 200
Norwegian 380 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,180 4,675 3,125 1,420 1,710
Swedish 630 275 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,620 6,765 7,855 4,730 2,125 2,610
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 210 135 75
Greek 2,155 1,065 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,060 71,685 73,375 9,005 4,630 4,375
Indo-Iranian languages 132,795 67,155 65,640 45 10 30 0 0 0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 477,485 240,310 237,175
Indo-Aryan languages 118,560 60,020 58,540 45 10 30 0 0 0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 406,375 204,750 201,625
Assamese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 590 565 100 55 45
Bengali 6,005 3,015 2,990 35 10 25 0 0 0 120,605 62,330 58,270 6,565 3,480 3,080
Gujarati 10,800 5,485 5,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,415 110,000 99,405 14,340 7,060 7,280
Hindi 42,160 21,290 20,875 15 0 15 0 0 0 761,425 395,410 366,015 134,950 67,645 67,300
Kacchi 2,245 985 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 6,785 8,300 2,925 1,295 1,630
Kashmiri 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 965 865 185 95 90
Konkani 425 200 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,950 4,300 4,645 775 400 370
Marathi 2,245 1,150 1,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,230 18,210 17,020 3,555 1,910 1,645
Nepali 2,880 1,485 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,660 15,680 14,980 2,445 1,270 1,180
Oriya languages 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,235 1,665 1,570 180 90 90
Odia 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,710 925 785 95 45 45
Oriya, n.o.s. 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 755 795 85 35 50
Punjabi (Panjabi) 61,205 31,170 30,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 942,170 488,075 454,090 315,000 158,625 156,375
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 345 420 55 35 20
Sindhi 630 360 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,385 4,480 3,910 645 350 295
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,330 640 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,050 16,645 16,400 3,440 1,630 1,810
Urdu 29,980 15,280 14,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 414,870 211,895 202,975 25,780 13,590 12,190
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1,355 730 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,320 6,280 5,040 1,645 855 785
Iranian languages 16,480 8,290 8,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 370,520 186,750 183,770 73,745 37,010 36,730
Baluchi 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 565 420 155 85 70
Kurdish 1,360 690 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,035 13,005 11,030 3,875 2,110 1,760
Parsi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 535 470 290 115 175
Pashto 2,930 1,485 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,695 16,810 14,885 2,645 1,545 1,105
Persian languages 12,595 6,355 6,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 326,285 163,665 162,620 68,960 34,500 34,460
Dari 4,430 2,165 2,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,220 38,765 39,460 8,235 4,005 4,230
Iranian Persian 6,735 3,460 3,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 222,160 111,750 110,415 55,745 27,930 27,815
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,605 835 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,345 15,460 14,880 5,780 2,995 2,785
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 970 855 200 135 65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,245 895 210 135 75
Italic (Romance) languages 71,550 34,010 37,540 25 10 15 0 0 0 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 211,725 100,750 110,975
Catalan 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,855 1,560 1,305 565 270 290
Italian 8,730 4,240 4,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 547,655 263,950 283,705 36,370 17,200 19,170
Portuguese 6,170 3,070 3,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 336,865 164,985 171,880 33,005 16,050 16,955
Romanian 5,390 2,695 2,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,520 55,570 60,950 11,210 5,470 5,745
Spanish 54,235 25,520 28,715 20 10 15 0 0 0 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 143,900 68,245 75,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 120 75 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,835 2,060 655 380 275
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 145 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,965 1,025 940 320 135 185
Japanese 4,845 2,125 2,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,070 43,380 54,690 41,835 17,590 24,240
Korean 11,695 5,490 6,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 203,885 92,275 111,605 69,935 31,335 38,600
Mongolian 640 300 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,085 1,455 565 250 315
Niger-Congo languages 16,975 8,610 8,365 15 15 0 0 0 0 267,520 131,495 136,025 13,290 6,795 6,495
Akan (Twi) 1,270 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,240 12,585 13,660 1,365 695 670
Bamanankan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,950 2,570 2,380 65 40 25
Edo 310 165 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,945 2,315 2,630 175 85 90
Éwé 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,645 2,490 2,165 290 155 135
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 170 110 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,840 4,100 3,740 85 30 50
Ga 275 140 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,255 1,565 1,685 215 125 90
Ganda 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,650 2,055 2,600 415 205 215
Gikuyu 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 750 1,100 130 35 100
Igbo 2,800 1,465 1,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,365 9,345 9,020 980 485 490
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 295 140 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,515 6,305 7,210 605 280 325
Lingala 395 185 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,720 12,260 13,460 475 260 225
Luba-Kasai 75 25 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,695 1,300 1,395 60 30 30
Mòoré 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 1,055 1,035 15 10 0
Mwani 255 140 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,080 585 490 10 10 0
Ndebele 125 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,140 1,285 190 90 105
Rundi (Kirundi) 145 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,825 7,070 7,755 335 130 205
Shona 580 270 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,280 3,440 3,845 725 345 380
Soninke 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 650 360 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 580 725 105 60 40
Swahili 3,220 1,700 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,295 28,950 28,340 5,205 2,735 2,475
Wojenaka 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,440 1,380 25 10 10
Wolof 230 130 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,940 6,925 6,015 165 95 70
Yoruba 5,915 2,900 3,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,935 25,265 25,675 1,815 935 880
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,355 1,175 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,625 21,935 21,685 2,275 1,215 1,060
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,815 925 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,090 5,570 5,530 670 315 350
Dinka 815 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 115 55 60
Nuer 440 200 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 60 30 35
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 575 300 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,425 3,385 490 235 265
African, n.o.s. 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,760 1,485 1,275 130 75 55
Sign languages 1,775 630 1,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,535 19,685 29,850 7,965 3,150 4,815
American Sign Language 1,495 515 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,620 14,430 23,195 7,020 2,700 4,320
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,195 2,525 3,670 15 0 15
Sign languages, n.i.e. 335 155 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,450 3,515 3,940 1,105 515 595
Sino-Tibetan languages 81,025 38,350 42,680 50 35 20 0 0 0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 491,660 225,430 266,230
Chinese languages 79,265 37,475 41,795 50 35 20 0 0 0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 488,465 223,825 264,650
Hakka 390 160 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,830 6,845 7,980 3,615 1,645 1,970
Mandarin 45,330 21,095 24,235 20 15 10 0 0 0 987,300 452,995 534,305 312,625 140,985 171,640
Min Dong 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,825 840 980 215 90 130
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,295 1,000 1,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,755 22,840 28,920 24,065 10,615 13,450
Wu (Shanghainese) 335 140 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,660 6,060 7,600 4,760 2,020 2,740
Yue (Cantonese) 42,090 19,730 22,350 30 15 15 0 0 0 724,925 335,185 389,740 246,045 112,580 133,465
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 395 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,720 5,695 6,020 2,215 1,025 1,190
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,185 560 625 255 135 125
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,785 885 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,300 10,955 11,345 3,375 1,710 1,665
Burmese 495 245 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,935 2,910 3,025 1,730 870 865
Kuki-Chin languages 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 295 130 165
Karenic languages 365 180 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 770 375 395
S'gaw Karen 295 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 705 340 365
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 395 450 85 45 45
Tibetan 765 395 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 4,565 4,590 590 320 270
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 890 1,050 275 150 125
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 105 40 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 540 680 215 95 120
Tai-Kadai languages 1,640 680 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,705 14,255 19,440 6,725 2,635 4,085
Lao 595 300 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,630 8,320 9,310 1,635 735 900
Thai 1,160 445 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,575 6,955 11,615 5,310 1,960 3,350
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 330 465 170 85 95
Turkic languages 3,420 1,785 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,375 47,575 43,800 10,910 5,605 5,305
Azerbaijani 550 285 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,875 5,380 4,490 1,665 880 790
Kazakh 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 600 815 230 70 165
Turkish 2,530 1,425 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,500 41,130 37,365 9,230 4,805 4,425
Uyghur 110 30 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,660 790 875 235 115 125
Uzbek 180 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,290 1,645 1,640 275 135 135
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 105 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 980 1,165 295 125 170
Uralic languages 3,760 1,750 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,055 39,290 45,765 13,510 6,345 7,165
Estonian 125 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,315 2,320 2,990 695 310 385
Finnish 360 170 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,325 6,735 8,590 3,635 1,675 1,960
Hungarian 3,290 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,625 30,320 34,300 9,230 4,395 4,840
Other languages, n.i.e. 485 275 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,545 2,750 2,790 585 285 300
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 390 180 205 365 195 170 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055
Indigenous identity45 41,350 19,270 22,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 290,210 141,210 148,995
Single Indigenous responses46 39,720 18,515 21,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 279,670 136,400 143,265
First Nations (North American Indian) 18,440 8,300 10,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 180,085 87,860 92,225
Métis 20,855 9,990 10,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 624,220 306,220 318,000 97,860 47,745 50,120
Inuk (Inuit) 430 220 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,540 34,645 35,895 1,720 795 925
Multiple Indigenous responses47 865 385 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,855 13,645 15,215 5,980 2,730 3,245
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 765 365 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,225 16,620 18,610 4,560 2,075 2,485
Non-Indigenous identity 1,250,420 622,865 627,555 380 175 205 365 195 170 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 4,625,735 2,275,675 2,350,060
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 390 180 205 365 195 170 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055
Registered or Treaty Indian49 14,405 6,575 7,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 831,720 402,310 429,405 136,875 66,610 70,265
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,277,370 635,560 641,810 390 180 205 365 195 170 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 4,779,065 2,350,275 2,428,790
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Owner 345,690 ... ... 110 ... ... 100 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 1,363,190 ... ...
Renter 156,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 669,450 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 9,190 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Condominium 124,190 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 482,755 ... ...
Not condominium 378,115 ... ... 115 ... ... 120 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 1,559,075 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
No bedrooms 2,920 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 30,855 ... ...
1 bedroom 59,385 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 354,020 ... ...
2 bedrooms 116,625 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 569,180 ... ...
3 bedrooms 167,895 ... ... 70 ... ... 35 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 539,910 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 155,480 ... ... 40 ... ... 75 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 547,870 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 153,485 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 766,380 ... ...
5 rooms 78,585 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 300,895 ... ...
6 rooms 69,385 ... ... 30 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 248,045 ... ...
7 rooms 59,530 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 205,105 ... ...
8 or more rooms 141,320 ... ... 35 ... ... 50 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 521,410 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.1 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 486,420 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 1,984,655 ... ...
More than one person per room 15,885 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 57,180 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Suitable 476,790 ... ... 105 ... ... 115 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 1,919,140 ... ...
Not suitable 25,515 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 122,700 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
1960 or before 43,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 256,175 ... ...
1961 to 1980 133,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 105 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 550,690 ... ...
1981 to 1990 59,780 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 289,940 ... ...
1991 to 2000 75,685 ... ... 15 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 336,315 ... ...
2001 to 2005 50,390 ... ... 95 ... ... 0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 122,855 ... ...
2006 to 2010 47,665 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 164,165 ... ...
2011 to 2015 45,850 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 135,725 ... ...
2016 to 202157 46,045 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 185,965 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 479,525 ... ... 115 ... ... 120 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 1,922,640 ... ...
Major repairs needed 22,780 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 119,195 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
One-maintainer household 242,815 ... ... 45 ... ... 65 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 1,003,245 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 228,860 ... ... 60 ... ... 45 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 904,960 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,630 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 133,630 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,835 ... ...
15 to 24 years 13,825 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 57,980 ... ...
25 to 34 years 83,280 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 282,195 ... ...
35 to 44 years 110,705 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 343,380 ... ...
45 to 54 years 100,130 ... ... 45 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 354,340 ... ...
55 to 64 years 93,305 ... ... 30 ... ... 35 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 407,735 ... ...
65 to 74 years 62,865 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 347,335 ... ...
75 to 84 years 27,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 182,155 ... ...
85 years and over 10,340 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 66,710 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 499,855 ... ... 120 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 1,988,210 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 385,380 ... ... 105 ... ... 95 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 1,481,365 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 114,470 ... ... 0 ... ... 30 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 506,850 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 102,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 434,390 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 502,305 ... ... 115 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 2,041,830 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 150,520 ... ... 15 ... ... 35 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 683,985 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 103,650 ... ... 10 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 451,550 ... ...
Not suitable only 19,875 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 89,300 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 14,995 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 80,200 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 4,215 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 23,945 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 6,360 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 29,585 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,170 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 7,640 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 1,770 ... ...
Acceptable housing 351,785 ... ... 95 ... ... 85 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 1,357,845 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 488,040 ... ... 120 ... ... 125 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 1,915,755 ... ...
In core need 49,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 257,090 ... ...
Not in core need 438,185 ... ... 110 ... ... 105 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 1,658,665 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 345,680 ... ... 115 ... ... 100 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 1,330,795 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 65.2 ... ... 60.9 ... ... 80.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 57.5 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 17.7 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 19.3 ... ...
% in core housing need63 5.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,720 ... ... 1,900 ... ... 1,620 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,320 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,774 ... ... 1,680 ... ... 1,540 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,668 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 456,000 ... ... 480,000 ... ... 396,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 785,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 519,500 ... ... 470,000 ... ... 380,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 983,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 156,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 663,870 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 9.0 ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.0 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 34.4 ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 37.8 ... ...
% in core housing need63 20.6 ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 24.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... ... ... ... x ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,370 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,404 ... ... ... ... ... 1,600 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,494 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 9,190 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 11.4 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 368 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 446 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 390 180 210 370 195 175 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 14,495 6,615 7,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 985,200 480,950 504,245 120,245 59,370 60,880
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 14,125 6,430 7,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 963,705 470,850 492,855 118,210 58,475 59,730
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 10,035 4,560 5,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 763,230 371,400 391,825 100,805 49,745 51,060
Métis single ancestry 3,975 1,790 2,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 146,010 72,680 73,325 16,830 8,485 8,350
Inuit single ancestry 115 75 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,475 26,770 27,700 570 245 325
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 370 190 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,490 10,095 11,395 2,040 890 1,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 355 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,665 8,215 9,450 1,870 830 1,040
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,430 1,185 1,250 70 40 35
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 530 535 60 15 50
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 35 10 20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 34,850 16,545 18,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 191,640 92,300 99,335
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 33,825 16,090 17,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 184,975 89,155 95,825
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 19,015 9,015 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 801,630 384,550 417,075 123,735 59,635 64,100
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 14,490 6,925 7,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 362,130 174,975 187,150 59,905 28,840 31,070
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 320 145 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,595 9,450 10,150 1,330 680 655
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 1,030 460 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,930 16,605 19,320 6,665 3,145 3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 935 420 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,815 14,790 17,025 6,390 3,035 3,360
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 60 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,785 1,190 1,595 170 60 110
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 80 50 35
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 125 210 20 10 15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,242,425 618,970 623,455 380 175 205 370 195 175 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 4,604,055 2,265,220 2,338,840
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 390 180 210 370 200 170 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055
Canadian citizens77 1,131,540 565,050 566,495 365 165 195 320 175 145 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 4,359,045 2,149,325 2,209,725
Canadian citizens aged under 18 257,900 132,670 125,230 95 35 60 65 45 15 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 812,305 418,815 393,495
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 873,645 432,380 441,265 265 130 135 260 130 125 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 3,546,745 1,730,505 1,816,235
Not Canadian citizens78 160,225 77,085 83,140 25 20 10 45 20 25 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 556,895 267,560 289,330
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 390 180 210 370 200 170 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055
Non-immigrants80 834,100 420,985 413,120 190 85 110 210 120 90 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 3,319,230 1,663,815 1,655,410
Immigrants81 430,640 207,060 223,575 185 95 90 165 80 85 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 1,425,710 665,630 760,085
Before 1980 48,430 23,310 25,115 10 10 0 15 10 0 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 280,160 133,415 146,745
1980 to 1990 40,330 19,730 20,600 40 15 30 30 20 10 924,320 443,805 480,520 164,445 76,815 87,630
1991 to 2000 61,465 29,575 31,890 35 15 25 40 20 15 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 299,115 137,275 161,840
2001 to 2010 117,055 56,175 60,875 70 45 25 30 10 25 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 316,915 145,825 171,090
2011 to 202182 163,365 78,275 85,095 25 0 15 50 20 30 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 365,075 172,295 192,780
2011 to 2015 82,050 39,320 42,735 0 0 0 30 10 20 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 167,650 78,200 89,450
2016 to 2021 81,315 38,960 42,360 0 0 0 15 10 10 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 197,425 94,095 103,325
Non-permanent residents83 27,025 14,085 12,940 10 0 0 0 0 0 924,850 499,490 425,365 171,000 87,440 83,560
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 430,640 207,065 223,575 185 95 90 165 75 85 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 1,425,715 665,630 760,085
Under 5 years 37,050 18,960 18,090 10 0 10 0 0 0 748,265 377,795 370,470 117,555 59,560 57,995
5 to 14 years 71,460 37,200 34,265 50 35 15 30 10 20 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 226,910 116,660 110,250
15 to 24 years 74,550 34,020 40,525 15 0 10 60 30 30 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 275,435 124,860 150,575
25 to 44 years 204,525 97,045 107,480 105 60 45 50 30 25 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 639,200 288,950 350,255
45 years and over 43,060 19,840 23,220 0 0 0 25 10 15 797,180 364,260 432,920 166,605 75,600 91,010
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 430,640 207,065 223,575 185 95 90 165 75 85 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 1,425,715 665,630 760,085
Americas 44,125 20,585 23,540 30 15 15 0 0 0 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 126,075 58,445 67,635
Brazil 2,010 890 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,450 22,405 26,050 8,765 4,120 4,645
Colombia 5,865 2,710 3,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,570 36,675 43,900 5,450 2,440 3,010
El Salvador 2,425 1,135 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,450 24,430 25,015 5,770 2,990 2,780
Guyana 740 340 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,530 37,870 47,660 1,400 585 815
Haiti 510 295 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,945 44,585 55,360 490 285 210
Jamaica 3,135 1,475 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,360 63,430 81,925 4,295 2,190 2,105
Mexico 4,895 2,410 2,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 90,585 42,215 48,370 13,385 5,910 7,480
Peru 1,070 470 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,420 13,925 17,490 3,510 1,535 1,975
Trinidad and Tobago 1,315 620 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,035 29,110 35,930 2,725 1,255 1,470
United States of America 10,895 4,960 5,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 256,090 115,380 140,705 59,920 27,535 32,380
Other places of birth in Americas 11,260 5,275 5,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 250,760 116,305 134,460 20,355 9,600 10,760
Europe 68,740 34,275 34,465 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 307,495 151,050 156,445
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,000 960 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,925 17,705 18,220 4,510 2,205 2,305
Croatia 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,675 18,115 18,560 5,390 2,670 2,725
France 1,265 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 121,525 63,845 57,685 7,025 3,650 3,380
Germany 4,685 2,155 2,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 126,470 60,560 65,915 30,910 14,710 16,200
Greece 865 455 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,715 27,050 27,665 3,350 1,895 1,460
Hungary 1,550 740 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,050 14,595 16,450 5,115 2,395 2,720
Italy 3,075 1,590 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,065 101,445 102,625 13,410 6,920 6,490
Netherlands 2,620 1,375 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,830 39,020 36,810 16,070 7,985 8,085
Poland 5,890 2,750 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,030 60,660 74,370 14,305 6,610 7,700
Portugal 990 505 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,795 62,880 65,910 7,785 3,765 4,020
Romania 4,025 2,030 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,770 40,820 45,955 9,370 4,490 4,885
Russian Federation 4,210 1,785 2,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,840 35,185 46,650 12,170 5,240 6,930
Serbia86 980 460 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,925 15,480 16,450 4,565 2,275 2,285
Ukraine 3,035 1,385 1,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,135 36,840 44,295 9,450 4,390 5,060
United Kingdom87 20,420 10,815 9,600 10 10 0 0 0 0 464,135 229,710 234,430 116,525 58,485 58,045
Other places of birth in Europe 11,795 6,010 5,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 271,725 131,935 139,790 47,545 23,380 24,170
Africa 51,610 26,045 25,560 40 20 20 25 10 15 821,735 412,365 409,375 53,330 27,245 26,085
Algeria 630 310 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,660 41,065 38,600 510 325 185
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 855 425 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,110 15,775 17,340 1,005 540 465
Egypt 3,320 1,745 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,710 38,730 34,980 3,310 1,900 1,410
Eritrea 4,720 2,465 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,385 16,575 14,815 2,485 1,440 1,050
Ethiopia 7,090 3,435 3,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,715 19,955 21,760 2,590 1,305 1,285
Morocco 870 445 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,775 41,085 40,685 1,270 610 655
Nigeria 12,450 6,340 6,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,290 41,665 39,620 3,585 1,880 1,700
Somalia 1,580 775 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,500 14,600 17,900 1,240 625 620
South Africa, Republic of 3,095 1,620 1,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,590 25,740 25,855 15,380 7,710 7,670
Other places of birth in Africa 17,005 8,480 8,525 20 15 0 0 0 0 314,995 157,170 157,825 21,955 10,905 11,050
Asia 262,700 124,535 138,160 105 50 55 125 70 55 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 905,585 412,460 493,125
Afghanistan 3,980 1,970 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,450 30,940 31,515 6,245 3,065 3,185
Iran88 5,515 2,865 2,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,940 92,300 90,645 45,970 23,175 22,795
Iraq 3,935 1,990 1,950 0 0 0 35 10 20 84,130 42,660 41,465 7,000 3,750 3,245
Lebanon 4,095 2,205 1,890 0 0 0 35 25 10 95,725 50,675 45,055 2,455 1,390 1,065
Syria89 4,340 2,280 2,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,590 49,855 47,735 6,545 3,420 3,130
Turkey 1,085 540 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,270 18,835 16,435 3,095 1,690 1,410
China90 36,245 16,615 19,625 30 20 15 0 0 0 715,835 317,970 397,860 217,970 94,905 123,065
Hong Kong91 10,775 5,180 5,595 15 10 0 0 0 0 213,855 100,480 113,375 78,855 36,815 42,035
Korea, South92 8,215 3,835 4,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,355 63,025 75,325 47,520 21,345 26,180
Taiwan 2,110 885 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,365 28,725 36,635 40,445 18,100 22,340
Philippines 65,430 29,000 36,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 719,580 305,115 414,460 131,645 54,350 77,300
Viet Nam 15,395 6,875 8,525 10 0 10 45 25 20 182,095 82,670 99,425 32,390 14,475 17,915
Bangladesh 3,510 1,785 1,725 30 15 15 0 0 0 70,090 35,675 34,415 3,035 1,520 1,520
India 56,510 28,275 28,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 898,050 451,120 446,930 197,115 96,630 100,480
Pakistan 18,375 9,305 9,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 234,105 118,390 115,715 13,345 6,910 6,430
Sri Lanka 1,820 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 136,240 66,215 70,030 5,375 2,595 2,775
Other places of birth in Asia 21,375 10,040 11,335 15 0 0 0 0 0 375,340 175,930 199,410 66,580 28,320 38,260
Oceania and other places of birth93 3,470 1,630 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,965 31,055 30,910 33,225 16,430 16,800
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 81,315 38,960 42,360 0 0 0 20 10 10 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 197,420 94,095 103,330
Americas 7,550 3,475 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 154,490 74,275 80,215 22,835 10,990 11,850
Brazil 840 355 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,895 9,340 10,560 5,130 2,430 2,695
Colombia 615 245 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,455 5,090 6,365 1,075 495 580
Haiti 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,550 5,155 5,400 35 25 15
Jamaica 475 215 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,155 7,740 7,420 1,005 515 490
Mexico 1,265 645 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,150 8,405 8,745 3,045 1,450 1,595
United States of America 2,130 1,000 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,875 19,790 20,085 8,760 4,325 4,430
Venezuela95 885 390 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,060 2,980 4,075 530 205 330
Other places of birth in Americas 1,245 570 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,350 15,785 17,570 3,265 1,545 1,720
Europe 6,505 3,340 3,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,425 69,310 65,120 25,290 13,375 11,920
France 200 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,175 14,560 12,610 1,730 935 795
Germany 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,365 2,660 2,705 1,380 680 705
Ireland96 470 315 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,355 4,000 2,350 2,420 1,485 935
Italy 260 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,240 2,470 1,770 995 555 445
Russian Federation 635 235 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,905 4,335 6,570 2,075 835 1,235
Ukraine 680 295 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,515 6,570 7,945 1,935 885 1,045
United Kingdom87 1,420 805 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,755 13,550 9,200 7,675 4,510 3,165
Other places of birth in Europe 2,615 1,330 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,120 21,160 21,960 7,090 3,490 3,605
Africa 15,065 7,475 7,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 206,965 102,875 104,090 10,465 5,545 4,915
Algeria 60 15 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,745 7,530 8,220 65 40 20
Burundi 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,935 2,420 2,510 110 35 75
Cameroon 380 170 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,795 5,545 6,250 120 70 50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 155 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,915 4,200 4,720 340 205 140
Côte d'Ivoire 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,915 3,795 4,125 40 25 10
Egypt 595 300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,120 6,285 5,835 610 350 255
Eritrea 2,525 1,325 1,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,330 8,755 7,575 1,515 935 585
Ethiopia 1,845 880 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,385 4,415 4,970 620 340 275
Morocco 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,835 6,025 6,810 275 115 160
Nigeria 5,885 2,895 2,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,360 20,575 19,780 1,770 925 845
Somalia 310 140 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,315 3,240 3,075 255 130 125
South Africa, Republic of 650 360 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,510 4,290 4,220 1,965 945 1,015
Sudan97 445 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,690 2,375 2,315 235 115 120
Tunisia 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,155 4,185 3,975 115 60 55
Other places of birth in Africa 1,815 895 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,960 19,250 19,715 2,420 1,245 1,180
Asia 51,570 24,320 27,250 0 0 0 20 10 10 823,205 393,110 430,090 134,395 61,590 72,805
Afghanistan 845 405 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,730 6,290 6,440 1,325 700 625
Bangladesh 630 310 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,185 6,670 6,515 655 340 315
China90 5,520 2,410 3,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 118,035 50,365 67,665 31,450 13,060 18,390
Hong Kong91 310 120 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,495 2,880 3,620 2,515 1,125 1,390
India 14,070 7,095 6,970 0 0 0 0 0 0 246,995 128,205 118,790 39,390 20,140 19,245
Iran88 865 415 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,650 12,310 13,340 5,850 2,865 2,980
Iraq 945 440 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,835 8,875 1,545 840 705
Israel 340 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,850 2,565 2,290 605 365 240
Japan 170 25 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,445 1,035 3,410 2,090 500 1,590
Jordan 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,635 2,375 2,260 395 200 195
Korea, South92 1,740 740 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,985 8,790 12,200 7,220 2,935 4,280
Lebanon 425 215 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,980 5,120 4,860 395 175 215
Nepal 460 235 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,475 2,415 405 195 205
Pakistan 2,315 1,130 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,255 18,070 18,190 2,390 1,300 1,090
Philippines 15,485 7,055 8,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 151,490 66,720 84,765 21,220 9,170 12,055
Saudi Arabia 265 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,560 5,195 4,365 565 340 230
Sri Lanka 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,480 4,010 4,465 710 330 380
Syria89 3,070 1,630 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,130 32,725 30,410 4,955 2,635 2,320
Turkey 405 175 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,150 5,520 4,635 1,025 615 410
United Arab Emirates 360 200 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,405 4,325 4,085 620 305 320
Viet Nam 955 310 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,725 5,605 9,125 2,845 995 1,850
Other places of birth in Asia 2,090 885 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,410 13,035 17,375 6,215 2,450 3,770
Oceania and other93 620 345 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 5,335 3,825 4,440 2,600 1,840
Australia 435 230 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,845 2,685 3,280 1,965 1,315
Other places of birth98 185 115 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,625 1,490 1,135 1,160 630 530
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 385 180 210 370 195 170 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 4,915,940 2,416,885 2,499,055
First generation100 471,470 228,280 243,195 200 100 100 160 80 85 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 1,657,625 783,205 874,415
Second generation101 281,465 142,090 139,380 100 35 60 90 70 20 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 1,068,600 536,615 531,985
Third generation or more102 538,830 271,765 267,065 95 40 50 115 50 65 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 2,189,720 1,097,065 1,092,655
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 382,215 183,750 198,460 175 85 90 145 70 80 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 1,145,550 532,215 613,340
Economic immigrants104 215,420 108,005 107,410 110 55 60 15 15 0 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 661,395 320,875 340,525
Principal applicants105 88,050 52,955 35,090 40 30 10 0 0 0 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 273,695 157,230 116,470
Secondary applicants106 127,375 55,055 72,315 75 25 50 15 15 0 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 387,700 163,640 224,055
Immigrants sponsored by family107 107,140 43,925 63,210 60 30 30 70 30 40 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 372,185 152,795 219,390
Refugees108 55,735 29,885 25,845 0 0 0 65 25 40 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 97,720 52,250 45,470
Other immigrants109 3,920 1,925 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,900 42,145 49,755 14,250 6,295 7,960
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 382,215 183,750 198,460 175 85 90 145 70 80 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 1,145,550 532,215 613,340
Asylum claim before admission111 13,615 7,955 5,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 416,105 222,895 193,205 27,320 15,640 11,685
Work permits only before admission112 46,635 20,170 26,460 0 0 0 10 0 0 705,405 324,370 381,035 138,760 59,130 79,630
Study permits only before admission113 9,450 4,855 4,595 10 0 0 0 0 0 183,250 92,135 91,110 40,690 20,075 20,615
Work and study permits before admission114 22,045 11,495 10,545 10 0 0 0 0 0 377,130 188,535 188,590 71,860 33,525 38,335
Other permits before admission115 1,375 605 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,540 15,685 23,855 5,145 2,030 3,110
No pre-admission experience116 289,095 138,665 150,425 145 65 80 135 55 80 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 861,775 401,815 459,965
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 390 180 210 365 195 170 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055
Total visible minority population118 534,695 262,355 272,340 225 95 130 240 135 105 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 1,689,490 810,165 879,325
South Asian 141,660 71,810 69,845 55 15 35 0 0 0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 473,965 240,475 233,495
Chinese 91,410 44,315 47,095 70 45 20 0 0 0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 550,590 257,590 293,000
Black 70,680 35,655 35,020 85 35 50 30 15 15 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 61,760 31,965 29,790
Filipino 84,215 38,660 45,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 957,355 427,755 529,600 174,280 76,070 98,210
Arab 30,735 16,175 14,560 0 0 0 115 75 40 694,015 362,845 331,170 28,010 15,015 12,995
Latin American 31,855 15,340 16,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 580,235 281,030 299,200 65,970 31,960 34,015
Southeast Asian 26,395 12,300 14,095 0 0 0 40 25 15 390,340 184,120 206,220 71,785 33,340 38,445
West Asian 15,150 7,705 7,440 0 0 0 0 0 0 360,495 181,795 178,695 69,270 34,800 34,470
Korean 12,380 5,945 6,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 218,140 101,855 116,285 72,815 33,390 39,425
Japanese 5,825 2,530 3,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,890 42,315 56,575 44,120 18,335 25,790
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,445 2,710 2,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,885 83,310 89,580 18,080 8,935 9,145
Multiple visible minorities 18,955 9,210 9,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 331,805 160,790 171,010 58,840 28,295 30,540
Not a visible minority120 757,075 379,775 377,295 165 80 85 130 60 65 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 3,226,450 1,606,725 1,619,730
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 390 180 210 370 200 170 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 4,915,940 2,416,890 2,499,055
Canadian 125,490 65,430 60,065 0 0 0 35 20 15 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 459,320 236,305 223,015
English 205,980 102,400 103,575 55 15 40 25 10 15 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 1,019,250 499,340 519,910
Irish 153,865 74,665 79,195 15 0 10 20 10 10 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 627,920 297,705 330,215
Scottish 177,490 87,675 89,815 35 15 20 45 20 25 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 774,455 376,280 398,170
French, n.o.s.122 79,635 39,135 40,500 30 15 15 0 0 0 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 312,750 150,460 162,290
German 146,970 72,775 74,190 15 10 10 30 15 10 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 539,145 263,480 275,665
Chinese 96,180 46,325 49,860 40 30 15 0 0 0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 517,805 242,015 275,785
Italian 36,235 18,060 18,175 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 162,485 81,275 81,205
Indian (India) 71,115 35,960 35,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 275,975 138,885 137,090
Ukrainian 69,030 33,640 35,390 15 0 15 0 0 0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 210,100 102,030 108,065
Dutch 38,505 19,070 19,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 988,585 489,045 499,545 189,985 94,390 95,600
Polish 42,735 20,560 22,175 35 0 30 0 0 0 982,820 472,290 510,525 134,635 63,780 70,850
Québécois 1,580 785 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 981,635 490,130 491,510 6,240 3,120 3,120
British Isles, n.o.s.123 41,520 20,955 20,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 938,950 462,420 476,530 191,025 94,050 96,980
Filipino 79,200 36,580 42,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 925,490 414,915 510,570 172,915 75,990 96,930
French Canadian 9,130 4,545 4,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 906,315 441,610 464,705 39,930 19,400 20,535
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 20,860 10,850 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 691,260 347,080 344,175 82,175 42,475 39,700
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 12,415 5,805 6,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 632,340 304,220 328,120 105,005 51,270 53,735
Métis 19,805 9,345 10,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 560,335 271,985 288,350 85,205 41,265 43,930
European, n.o.s.126 22,790 11,410 11,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 551,910 278,060 273,850 102,475 51,755 50,715
Russian 28,470 13,255 15,215 25 0 25 0 0 0 548,140 260,075 288,065 121,755 58,460 63,295
Norwegian 32,675 15,535 17,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 466,500 224,290 242,210 137,170 65,790 71,385
Welsh 21,030 9,965 11,065 15 15 10 0 0 0 455,720 216,490 239,230 104,225 49,190 55,035
Portuguese 6,770 3,400 3,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 448,305 222,770 225,535 39,755 19,465 20,290
American 18,030 8,720 9,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 353,495 172,240 181,255 71,530 34,865 36,660
Spanish 17,085 7,820 9,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 342,040 160,475 181,570 54,365 25,030 29,335
Swedish 20,940 10,255 10,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 334,505 156,840 177,665 103,630 48,520 55,115
Hungarian 16,335 7,965 8,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 320,150 155,755 164,395 51,915 25,060 26,855
Acadian 2,935 1,520 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,170 145,500 159,675 7,025 3,455 3,575
Pakistani 22,800 11,565 11,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 303,260 154,435 148,825 19,050 9,780 9,275
African, n.o.s.127 13,470 6,635 6,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,955 148,335 153,625 18,520 9,370 9,150
Jewish 6,595 3,345 3,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 282,015 141,530 140,490 34,395 17,265 17,135
Punjabi 18,050 9,135 8,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,950 145,620 134,330 93,395 47,650 45,740
Vietnamese 21,145 9,890 11,255 15 0 15 20 10 10 275,530 131,075 144,445 51,890 24,430 27,455
Arab, n.o.s.128 10,585 5,620 4,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 263,710 138,210 125,500 12,590 6,755 5,840
Greek 5,540 2,865 2,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,140 132,975 129,160 23,300 11,910 11,390
Jamaican 5,860 2,915 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 249,070 119,265 129,805 9,865 5,140 4,725
Asian, n.o.s.129 14,510 6,955 7,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 226,220 107,785 118,435 47,650 22,170 25,480
Cree, n.o.s.130 5,915 2,675 3,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,855 105,825 114,030 24,875 11,715 13,160
Korean 12,445 5,920 6,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 217,650 101,805 115,845 72,025 33,110 38,915
Romanian 10,540 4,990 5,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 215,885 103,720 112,165 30,195 14,590 15,605
Lebanese 11,360 5,955 5,405 0 0 0 70 40 30 210,605 107,990 102,615 8,440 4,310 4,135
Iranian 6,105 3,130 2,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,465 100,790 99,675 49,390 24,720 24,675
Christian, n.i.e.131 4,815 2,325 2,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,340 99,800 100,540 13,865 6,995 6,870
Danish 14,575 7,305 7,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,945 96,220 100,725 54,865 26,740 28,130
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 4,225 2,020 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,840 94,035 100,810 24,140 11,670 12,470
Sikh 14,120 7,270 6,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,640 101,255 93,385 69,100 35,355 33,750
Austrian 10,255 5,080 5,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 189,535 92,740 96,800 45,280 21,810 23,465
Belgian 5,295 2,545 2,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,175 90,150 92,030 19,505 9,395 10,110
Haitian 930 475 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 178,990 84,510 94,490 1,215 640 575
Hindu 8,550 4,305 4,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 166,160 87,665 78,495 19,405 10,140 9,265
Mexican 7,685 3,755 3,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,495 77,435 78,055 28,445 14,140 14,305
Mennonite 3,750 1,840 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,095 77,735 77,360 20,925 10,530 10,395
Swiss 5,765 2,795 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,570 72,015 73,555 28,520 13,995 14,525
Finnish 5,250 2,540 2,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,055 69,270 74,785 33,680 16,290 17,390
Sri Lankan 1,865 925 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 132,410 65,175 67,240 6,440 3,210 3,235
Croatian 5,170 2,540 2,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 130,820 64,915 65,905 23,750 11,645 12,100
Japanese 7,785 3,465 4,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 129,425 56,850 72,580 54,640 23,430 31,215
South Asian, n.o.s.133 4,655 2,305 2,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,125 60,575 59,550 20,125 9,935 10,190
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 111,605 53,700 57,905 4,840 2,340 2,500
Northern European, n.o.s.135 6,340 3,050 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 110,735 54,730 56,005 30,950 14,970 15,980
Muslim 6,060 3,145 2,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,620 54,095 51,525 8,220 4,150 4,065
Egyptian 4,610 2,475 2,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,245 55,230 50,020 5,810 3,125 2,685
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 5,960 2,910 3,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 104,765 51,375 53,395 11,730 5,675 6,055
Tamil 1,370 710 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,170 51,165 51,005 3,380 1,835 1,545
Icelandic 6,025 3,195 2,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 101,990 50,370 51,620 25,910 12,770 13,135
Colombian 6,420 3,075 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,555 47,995 52,560 7,315 3,555 3,760
Moroccan 880 425 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,980 50,835 49,150 2,020 980 1,035
Czech 6,295 3,085 3,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,925 47,495 51,430 22,425 10,920 11,505
Syrian 4,215 2,150 2,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,250 49,385 48,865 6,550 3,350 3,195
Guyanese 1,210 595 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,210 46,270 50,940 2,420 1,240 1,180
Afghan 6,465 3,170 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 96,810 48,255 48,550 9,605 4,725 4,875
Black, n.o.s.137 2,530 1,325 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,585 44,335 50,250 4,515 2,250 2,260
Serbian 3,125 1,485 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,360 46,945 46,410 12,660 6,575 6,080
Ojibway 1,165 595 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,220 44,610 47,600 5,145 2,565 2,580
Newfoundlander 1,500 795 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,670 45,665 46,005 4,530 2,415 2,115
Hong Konger 3,940 1,925 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,680 39,485 42,195 30,020 14,470 15,550
Ontarian 1,030 470 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,555 39,675 40,880 3,315 1,570 1,750
Persian 2,700 1,440 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,340 41,415 38,925 19,155 9,840 9,315
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 1,495 745 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,405 37,655 39,750 4,120 2,075 2,050
Turkish 2,610 1,435 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,745 39,955 36,795 8,070 4,185 3,895
Inuit, n.o.s.138 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,675 37,315 39,365 2,120 1,005 1,110
Bangladeshi 3,570 1,810 1,765 40 10 25 0 0 0 75,425 39,085 36,335 3,740 1,930 1,810
Algerian 645 320 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,770 38,035 35,740 915 545 370
Brazilian 2,555 1,260 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,755 34,670 37,085 12,435 6,005 6,430
Nigerian 8,120 4,145 3,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,540 34,680 34,860 4,110 2,075 2,040
Armenian 925 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,850 34,105 34,745 4,040 2,075 1,960
Slovak 3,520 1,750 1,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,210 33,475 34,740 11,565 5,520 6,045
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,620 1,220 1,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,780 31,525 35,255 11,810 5,340 6,470
Somali 2,830 1,485 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,555 31,555 33,995 2,665 1,460 1,205
Taiwanese 2,120 890 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,020 29,280 34,740 37,530 17,430 20,100
Iraqi 3,035 1,470 1,570 0 0 0 45 15 25 59,300 29,865 29,435 4,590 2,350 2,240
Salvadorean 2,325 1,150 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,280 29,150 30,130 6,580 3,285 3,295
African Caribbean 930 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,050 26,385 32,670 1,640 805 830
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 3,670 1,710 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,870 27,845 31,025 10,735 5,070 5,670
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 2,645 1,375 1,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,840 30,560 28,280 5,140 2,630 2,510
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 1,330 650 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,195 25,715 31,475 2,715 1,245 1,465
Algonquin 380 165 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,070 27,025 29,040 1,880 965 915
West Indian, n.o.s.143 835 370 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,085 23,685 28,395 1,855 835 1,025
Lithuanian 2,015 880 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,040 24,510 27,530 7,330 3,450 3,885
South African 2,915 1,465 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,840 24,885 24,955 13,965 6,930 7,035
Australian 3,060 1,585 1,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,765 24,165 22,595 18,505 9,575 8,925
Palestinian 1,675 910 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,905 23,930 21,975 2,750 1,470 1,280
Chilean 2,925 1,505 1,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,685 22,520 23,165 6,220 3,100 3,125
Congolese 1,045 500 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,260 22,000 23,260 1,500 780 715
Nova Scotian 850 380 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,720 21,700 23,025 2,015 885 1,125
Ethiopian 6,695 3,225 3,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,545 20,675 21,875 2,720 1,275 1,440
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 2,920 1,375 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,405 20,105 22,300 5,295 2,430 2,870
Peruvian 1,450 690 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,295 19,925 22,370 4,260 1,975 2,285
Yoruba 5,200 2,640 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,075 21,740 20,330 1,350 720 635
Cambodian (Khmer) 1,960 965 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,950 19,835 22,115 3,350 1,545 1,805
Berber 405 225 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,700 22,325 19,370 605 370 235
Albanian 1,870 1,030 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,620 21,050 20,570 2,455 1,180 1,280
Maltese 505 230 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,670 20,210 20,455 2,750 1,340 1,420
Macedonian 385 185 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,440 19,500 19,940 1,235 605 630
Slovenian 1,445 715 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,595 18,785 19,815 5,340 2,485 2,855
Western European, n.o.s.145 1,960 925 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,520 18,935 19,585 7,865 3,860 4,005
New Brunswicker 410 170 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,670 18,235 19,435 875 430 445
Gujarati 1,665 880 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,970 19,580 17,385 2,670 1,335 1,340
Eritrean 5,320 2,700 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,290 18,185 18,110 2,245 1,230 1,015
African Canadian 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,395 17,140 18,250 1,535 790 750
Israeli 1,095 565 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,345 18,410 16,940 3,645 1,850 1,800
Mohawk 500 300 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,330 16,485 16,845 2,355 1,205 1,155
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 1,685 790 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,135 15,355 17,775 6,545 2,955 3,585
Bulgarian 1,305 635 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,085 16,235 16,850 3,720 1,785 1,930
Albertan 5,465 2,785 2,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,575 16,525 16,055 3,430 1,690 1,735
Ghanaian 1,405 705 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,720 15,650 16,065 1,670 905 770
Barbadian 640 310 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,440 15,265 16,175 1,950 985 970
African American 935 435 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,430 15,700 15,730 4,500 2,320 2,180
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 1,030 545 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,565 14,635 15,930 5,580 2,605 2,975
Tunisian 300 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,465 16,585 13,875 550 285 265
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,305 675 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,220 15,225 14,995 5,285 2,660 2,625
Cuban 830 395 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,065 14,830 15,235 1,770 895 870
Bosnian 1,870 890 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,490 14,320 14,170 3,785 1,910 1,875
Venezuelan 3,025 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,395 13,220 15,175 1,835 810 1,025
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,225 13,490 14,735 180 70 110
Latvian 1,025 485 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,140 13,515 14,620 4,860 2,450 2,415
Bengali 1,200 585 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,675 13,830 12,850 1,370 745 625
Cameroonian 930 485 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,535 12,960 13,580 335 220 120
Guatemalan 1,200 555 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,460 13,920 12,540 2,415 1,320 1,095
Indonesian 1,555 750 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,330 11,910 14,415 8,440 3,890 4,550
Laotian 1,015 505 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,875 12,500 13,375 2,485 1,160 1,320
Ilocano 2,575 1,195 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,575 11,860 13,715 4,765 2,115 2,655
Northern Irish 920 445 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,200 12,495 12,710 4,550 2,245 2,305
Celtic, n.o.s.150 805 420 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,420 12,265 12,155 5,445 2,660 2,785
British Columbian 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,325 12,230 12,095 20,450 10,360 10,085
Ecuadorian 405 210 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,255 11,510 12,745 1,135 545 595
Franco Ontarian 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,110 11,540 12,570 360 155 205
Argentinian 1,050 545 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,500 11,665 11,840 2,625 1,260 1,365
Estonian 980 480 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,455 11,080 12,375 4,695 2,200 2,495
Kurdish 1,060 525 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,130 12,670 10,460 3,375 1,830 1,550
Fijian 1,145 525 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,020 11,040 11,980 16,120 7,710 8,410
Jatt 1,410 705 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,695 11,090 8,370 4,345 4,025
North American, n.o.s.151 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,680 11,105 2,695 1,480 1,210
Coptic 440 225 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,570 11,405 11,165 760 445 315
Thai 1,185 370 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,275 8,525 13,750 5,745 2,120 3,630
Dominican 405 245 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,125 10,615 11,510 860 415 445
Nepali 2,255 1,175 1,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,975 11,215 10,765 2,305 1,130 1,170
Kabyle 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,565 10,595 9,975 75 30 40
Assyrian 420 215 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,685 9,730 9,955 695 415 285
Igbo 3,150 1,635 1,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,305 9,890 9,415 890 445 440
Byelorussian 730 350 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,850 9,055 9,795 2,610 1,250 1,355
Dene, n.o.s.152 215 95 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,745 9,030 9,710 1,025 505 520
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 1,580 685 895 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,545 8,975 9,570 2,015 1,025 990
Abenaki 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 8,545 9,870 215 135 80
Moldovan 990 545 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 8,850 9,340 1,415 655 755
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 245 125 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,955 8,625 9,330 1,285 640 650
New Zealander 1,095 590 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,755 9,275 8,470 7,840 3,965 3,875
Sudanese 2,480 1,205 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,485 8,825 8,665 945 460 485
Breton 40 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,465 8,710 8,755 365 185 175
Pennsylvania Dutch 350 125 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,315 7,300 10,020 1,655 660 995
Malaysian 1,175 560 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,050 7,935 9,115 5,420 2,535 2,885
Plains Cree 200 100 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,570 8,255 8,310 715 360 355
North African, n.o.s.155 420 210 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,315 8,565 7,750 780 450 330
Huron (Wendat) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,910 7,715 8,195 390 205 190
Saskatchewanian 1,150 595 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,780 7,505 8,280 2,890 1,400 1,490
Buddhist 1,010 480 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,660 7,485 8,175 2,950 1,390 1,565
Gaspesian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,650 7,290 8,360 90 65 35
Norman 145 100 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,340 8,155 7,190 745 505 240
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 1,270 645 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,055 7,180 7,875 1,830 830 1,005
Ivorian 210 110 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,010 7,255 7,755 135 80 55
Saulteaux 280 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,265 6,730 7,535 845 445 400
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 160 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,260 6,525 7,735 935 430 500
Burundian 150 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 6,810 7,295 380 180 200
Tigrinya 2,240 1,220 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,910 7,435 6,470 1,145 660 485
Nicaraguan 800 355 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,840 6,730 7,120 1,890 880 1,010
Mauritian 450 190 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,755 7,020 6,730 1,160 565 595
Kenyan 1,050 510 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,565 6,510 7,055 2,215 1,050 1,165
Oji-Cree 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 250 120 130
Vincentian 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,245 5,800 7,445 345 165 180
Jordanian 445 220 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,225 7,055 6,170 925 465 460
Manitoban 460 245 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,095 6,530 6,565 1,760 855 905
Cape Bretoner 175 90 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,065 6,175 6,885 420 160 255
Rwandan 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 6,150 6,740 635 320 320
Grenadian 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 5,965 6,930 350 180 170
Malayali 665 375 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,490 6,580 5,910 980 520 465
Chaldean 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,115 6,080 6,035 850 420 430
Sinhalese 555 255 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,080 5,905 6,170 1,285 605 680
Mayan 575 310 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,710 5,980 5,730 1,855 960 895
Honduran 340 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,920 5,370 5,550 1,500 760 740
Cherokee 545 255 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 5,080 5,745 2,920 1,345 1,570
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 110 45 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 150 95 55
Indo-Caribbean 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,490 4,710 5,775 385 200 190
Flemish 420 190 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,275 4,950 5,325 1,540 705 830
United Empire Loyalist 180 65 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,015 4,975 5,045 905 485 420
Senegalese 140 100 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,955 5,115 4,840 105 50 55
Azerbaijani 670 350 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,915 5,165 4,750 1,400 740 660
Sicilian 110 35 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,835 5,135 4,695 935 495 440
Pashtun 820 420 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,825 5,195 4,625 945 465 475
Malay 790 340 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,795 4,725 5,065 2,625 1,255 1,370
Goan 350 185 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,700 4,710 4,990 750 365 380
Bantu, n.o.s.158 330 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,455 4,705 4,755 320 155 165
Tibetan 790 415 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,350 4,650 4,700 715 355 360
Zimbabwean 660 295 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,165 4,435 4,725 1,240 615 620
Burmese 540 250 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,150 4,385 4,760 2,225 1,120 1,100
Mongolian 985 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,090 4,240 4,850 1,955 890 1,065
Azorean 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,970 4,235 4,735 380 195 185
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0 0 0
Bamileke 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,315 4,220 4,090 55 25 35
Indo-Guyanese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,310 3,765 4,545 75 35 35
Ugandan 300 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,285 3,910 4,375 1,145 510 635
Oromo 1,560 875 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,255 4,425 3,830 575 320 255
Tanzanian 795 425 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,140 3,945 4,195 945 470 475
Yemeni 555 280 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,115 3,995 4,130 420 195 220
Central African 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,080 3,830 4,250 35 20 15
Libyan 445 255 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,945 4,265 3,680 650 390 260
Basque 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,745 4,030 3,710 1,165 620 545
Uruguayan 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,660 3,870 3,790 515 290 230
Akan, n.o.s.159 295 125 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,640 3,835 3,805 405 200 195
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 345 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,635 3,690 3,950 655 260 395
Igorot 1,195 560 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,535 3,305 4,230 1,330 590 730
Fulani 65 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,480 3,865 3,620 85 40 50
Woodland Cree 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 105 55 50
Guinean 155 80 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,390 3,700 3,695 135 70 65
St. Lucian 230 90 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,285 3,340 3,945 180 110 70
Prince Edward Islander 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 280 145 135
Maliseet 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,220 3,515 3,705 100 40 55
Beninese 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 3,630 3,180 100 50 50
Telugu 255 135 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670 3,730 2,945 615 340 280
Roma 200 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,545 3,225 3,320 1,205 600 600
Costa Rican 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,500 3,265 3,230 1,075 485 585
African Nova Scotian 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 2,945 3,535 145 60 85
Malagasy 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,255 3,085 3,170 110 55 55
Kashmiri 820 405 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,165 3,020 3,145 545 260 285
Singaporean 325 120 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,060 2,755 3,305 2,630 1,165 1,460
Karen 390 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 980 520 460
Edo 605 340 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 2,995 2,995 205 95 105
Tajik 280 130 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,980 2,965 3,015 665 335 335
Amhara 810 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,945 3,010 2,930 305 165 140
Paraguayan 100 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,925 2,855 3,075 1,095 570 520
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 390 180 205 365 195 170 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 4,915,945 2,416,885 2,499,055
Buddhist 20,855 9,225 11,625 0 0 0 45 30 15 356,975 157,435 199,540 83,860 35,040 48,825
Christian 575,250 270,555 304,690 190 80 110 85 45 45 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 1,684,870 766,705 918,165
Christian, n.o.s.162 121,585 58,010 63,575 75 30 50 0 0 0 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 434,920 203,070 231,850
Anabaptist 2,100 1,020 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,145 70,095 74,050 21,275 10,210 11,065
Anglican 27,005 12,375 14,635 0 0 0 10 0 0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 137,485 59,595 77,885
Baptist 10,875 5,050 5,825 10 0 10 0 0 0 436,940 200,325 236,615 57,265 25,770 31,495
Catholic 262,720 125,010 137,705 45 20 15 35 15 25 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 588,140 272,340 315,805
Christian Orthodox 24,020 11,690 12,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 623,010 301,055 321,955 45,135 21,835 23,300
Jehovah's Witness 5,160 2,300 2,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 137,255 59,505 77,750 25,715 11,245 14,470
Latter Day Saints 9,895 4,590 5,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,725 41,365 46,360 12,875 5,795 7,075
Lutheran 14,005 6,325 7,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 328,045 150,115 177,925 46,395 20,205 26,185
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 2,570 1,160 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,655 46,640 54,020 7,290 3,295 3,995
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,690 6,905 7,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 399,025 180,870 218,155 41,140 18,550 22,585
Presbyterian 8,330 3,730 4,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,400 136,440 164,960 28,040 12,260 15,780
Reformed 1,250 600 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,870 39,250 40,620 12,455 6,050 6,400
United Church 37,055 15,800 21,255 15 0 15 10 0 0 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 129,000 51,815 77,185
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 33,980 15,990 17,990 0 0 0 15 10 10 745,650 345,540 400,110 97,745 44,660 53,085
Hindu 33,450 17,180 16,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 828,195 430,135 398,060 81,320 42,070 39,245
Jewish 6,390 3,140 3,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 335,295 164,220 171,070 26,850 12,980 13,870
Muslim 95,925 48,855 47,075 40 15 25 150 85 70 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 125,915 63,375 62,535
Sikh 49,465 24,885 24,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 771,790 394,345 377,445 290,870 145,740 145,130
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 1,370 500 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,685 38,460 42,230 11,570 5,495 6,075
Other religions and spiritual traditions 9,695 4,165 5,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 229,015 97,645 131,370 51,440 20,890 30,555
No religion and secular perspectives 499,375 263,630 235,745 145 80 60 80 35 45 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 2,559,250 1,324,585 1,234,660
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,277,835 634,945 642,885 390 180 210 370 200 170 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 4,875,955 2,396,280 2,479,675
Non-movers 1,101,965 547,205 554,760 350 165 180 345 190 155 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 4,169,710 2,050,165 2,119,540
Movers 175,865 87,745 88,125 40 20 25 20 0 15 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 706,245 346,115 360,130
Non-migrants 132,940 66,500 66,445 35 15 20 15 0 10 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 395,215 193,080 202,135
Migrants 42,925 21,245 21,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 311,030 153,035 157,990
Internal migrants 29,285 14,520 14,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 251,245 123,785 127,455
Intraprovincial migrants 13,780 6,700 7,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 187,990 92,090 95,900
Interprovincial migrants 15,505 7,820 7,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 268,965 135,215 133,750 63,250 31,695 31,555
External migrants 13,640 6,730 6,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 293,955 147,585 146,370 59,785 29,250 30,535
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,217,975 604,435 613,540 375 175 200 365 195 170 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 4,699,740 2,305,755 2,393,985
Non-movers 707,190 350,630 356,560 285 140 145 265 145 120 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 2,639,500 1,292,175 1,347,330
Movers 510,785 253,805 256,980 95 35 55 100 50 50 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 2,060,245 1,013,590 1,046,655
Non-migrants 333,555 166,780 166,775 70 25 45 70 35 30 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 757,040 372,900 384,135
Migrants 177,230 87,025 90,205 20 10 15 30 10 20 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 1,303,200 640,680 662,520
Internal migrants 103,835 51,155 52,680 0 0 0 15 0 15 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 1,016,025 498,920 517,105
Intraprovincial migrants 52,115 25,805 26,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 799,455 390,525 408,935
Interprovincial migrants 51,725 25,355 26,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 921,345 459,695 461,650 216,565 108,395 108,170
External migrants 73,395 35,870 37,525 15 0 15 15 10 0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 287,175 141,765 145,415
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 325 150 175 310 155 160 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,025
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 149,010 77,165 71,850 50 10 40 110 50 60 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 643,330 341,470 301,860
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 907,215 444,015 463,205 275 140 130 195 95 100 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 3,557,095 1,706,925 1,850,170
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 230 110 125 225 120 105 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 2,691,860 1,313,265 1,378,600
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 65,615 35,580 30,040 15 0 10 70 40 30 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 259,010 148,785 110,220
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 672,130 329,065 343,070 210 105 110 155 80 70 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 2,432,850 1,164,475 1,268,375
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 320 145 175 310 150 155 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030
No certificate, diploma or degree 134,565 68,700 65,865 45 10 35 85 30 55 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 565,665 292,000 273,665
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 273,135 137,495 135,635 70 45 30 115 50 70 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 1,238,000 610,685 627,320
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 648,530 314,980 333,550 205 100 110 110 75 35 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 2,396,755 1,145,715 1,251,040
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 271,085 134,270 136,810 85 40 50 95 60 30 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 1,197,050 598,425 598,620
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 62,155 45,900 16,255 0 0 0 40 30 10 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 323,635 243,815 79,815
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 22,795 12,780 10,015 0 0 0 10 10 0 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 133,020 78,330 54,685
Apprenticeship certificate169 39,360 33,125 6,235 0 0 0 25 25 10 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 190,615 165,490 25,130
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 172,905 73,135 99,775 50 25 25 40 25 20 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 711,810 289,555 422,255
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 36,020 15,235 20,790 30 10 20 10 0 0 896,755 372,560 524,195 161,600 65,055 96,545
Bachelor's degree or higher 377,450 180,710 196,740 120 60 55 15 0 0 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 1,199,710 547,285 652,420
Bachelor's degree 258,985 121,715 137,275 75 30 45 15 0 0 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 775,145 347,145 427,995
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 19,835 9,020 10,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 556,510 243,200 313,310 84,000 34,915 49,085
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 9,365 4,285 5,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 214,105 108,000 106,105 32,985 18,045 14,945
Master's degree 77,600 38,555 39,040 35 30 10 0 0 0 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 264,145 121,485 142,660
Earned doctorate171 11,670 7,130 4,540 10 0 0 0 0 0 279,660 165,795 113,870 43,440 25,700 17,740
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 230 110 120 225 120 100 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 2,691,860 1,313,260 1,378,600
No certificate, diploma or degree 56,150 30,270 25,880 10 0 10 60 25 35 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 216,660 122,720 93,935
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 158,090 83,330 74,760 25 15 0 85 30 50 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 694,785 358,700 336,090
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 523,505 251,045 272,465 200 90 105 80 60 20 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 1,780,415 831,840 948,575
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 207,210 103,010 104,205 75 30 50 65 55 15 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 838,680 416,930 421,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 46,300 34,495 11,805 0 0 0 25 25 0 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 217,350 164,860 52,495
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,310 9,360 6,950 0 0 0 10 10 0 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 88,765 52,645 36,115
Apprenticeship certificate169 29,990 25,135 4,860 0 0 0 20 20 0 836,220 693,830 142,395 128,590 112,210 16,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 132,925 56,660 76,265 45 20 30 25 20 10 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 507,405 206,015 301,390
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 27,990 11,860 16,130 30 0 25 15 10 0 623,090 261,035 362,050 113,915 46,055 67,865
Bachelor's degree or higher 316,295 148,035 168,260 120 60 60 10 10 0 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 941,735 414,910 526,830
Bachelor's degree 215,545 99,580 115,960 75 30 40 10 10 0 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 610,735 267,470 343,270
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 15,980 7,050 8,925 0 0 0 0 0 0 430,875 179,230 251,645 63,310 25,280 38,030
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 8,070 3,480 4,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 167,730 75,120 92,615 24,675 11,985 12,690
Master's degree 67,610 32,685 34,925 35 25 10 0 0 0 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 212,745 93,655 119,090
Earned doctorate171 9,100 5,240 3,855 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,445 115,530 93,915 30,275 16,520 13,755
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 325 150 175 310 150 155 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 4,200,425 2,048,390 2,152,030
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 407,695 206,200 201,495 120 55 65 205 75 120 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 1,803,665 902,685 900,990
Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 158,060 37,395 120,670
13. Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 158,060 37,395 120,670
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 20,300 8,295 12,000 15 0 15 0 0 0 631,255 274,065 357,190 109,100 46,770 62,330
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,095 1,585 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 74,785 53,390 21,395 13,390 9,570 3,815
50. Visual and performing arts 18,205 6,715 11,490 15 0 15 0 0 0 556,470 220,680 335,790 95,715 37,200 58,510
Humanities 29,295 10,450 18,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 926,560 354,120 572,440 143,340 55,460 87,875
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 3,420 660 2,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 106,345 23,460 82,885 16,850 3,705 13,145
23. English language and literature/letters 6,610 1,750 4,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,600 53,020 131,580 35,465 10,360 25,105
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 10,070 3,555 6,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 316,050 119,215 196,830 48,620 19,020 29,605
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 455 155 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,935 6,835 12,095 2,860 1,075 1,780
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,925 1,050 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,745 33,040 24,700 7,705 4,630 3,075
39. Theology and religious vocations 2,775 1,575 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,510 46,140 31,365 12,220 7,385 4,835
54. History 3,320 1,570 1,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,935 58,310 50,620 16,035 8,595 7,450
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 720 130 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,440 14,090 42,345 3,580 695 2,880
Social and behavioural sciences and law 72,710 25,400 47,315 15 0 15 0 0 0 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 288,970 102,380 186,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,020 200 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,430 7,065 22,365 5,140 1,360 3,780
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 9,885 3,435 6,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 233,400 88,205 145,200 31,375 11,580 19,795
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 7,890 615 7,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 344,150 27,905 316,240 39,140 3,530 35,610
22. Legal professions and studies 13,435 4,770 8,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 325,785 115,335 210,445 44,255 15,575 28,680
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,430 480 945 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,855 16,000 33,850 6,625 2,525 4,105
42. Psychology 11,935 2,745 9,190 10 0 10 0 0 0 327,965 79,295 248,665 52,080 13,955 38,125
45. Social sciences 27,130 13,155 13,975 10 0 10 0 0 0 705,540 336,960 368,580 110,350 53,860 56,495
Business, management and public administration 151,340 66,070 85,275 45 25 20 30 10 15 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 493,290 201,060 292,230
30.16 Accounting and computer science 145 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,335 1,705 3,630 645 220 425
44. Public administration and social service professions 7,190 1,385 5,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 272,240 55,995 216,245 30,855 6,685 24,175
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 144,000 64,630 79,380 45 25 20 20 10 15 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 461,790 194,160 267,625
Physical and life sciences and technologies 35,280 18,270 17,015 10 10 0 0 0 0 719,715 353,540 366,175 106,515 54,495 52,015
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 11,915 4,605 7,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 297,055 121,615 175,435 44,910 19,580 25,330
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,125 3,260 3,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,955 72,245 83,705 25,655 12,030 13,620
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 560 230 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,380 14,950 20,430 1,880 665 1,220
40. Physical sciences 14,385 9,680 4,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,620 130,745 65,875 30,600 21,085 9,515
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,295 495 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,710 13,985 20,730 3,470 1,140 2,330
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 32,775 21,555 11,215 30 20 10 0 0 0 804,230 531,435 272,795 105,555 69,245 36,310
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 27,025 18,865 8,165 30 20 10 0 0 0 643,145 454,370 188,775 83,795 58,985 24,810
25. Library science 1,385 170 1,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,085 7,100 35,985 6,145 865 5,280
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,675 2,070 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,360 57,560 41,800 13,030 7,715 5,320
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 685 455 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,640 12,400 6,240 2,580 1,680 900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 141,165 119,620 21,550 45 30 15 40 40 0 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 458,590 409,460 49,135
04. Architecture and related services 5,715 3,555 2,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,020 81,930 53,090 19,025 11,490 7,535
14. Engineering 60,975 48,265 12,715 20 0 15 10 10 0 900,475 723,080 177,395 119,995 96,730 23,260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 30,160 24,830 5,325 15 15 0 20 10 0 726,155 638,355 87,800 83,585 73,495 10,085
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 190 390 115 45 75
46. Construction trades 20,365 19,740 625 0 0 0 10 10 0 703,905 683,060 20,845 104,445 101,120 3,325
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 15,535 15,080 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 659,480 640,895 18,590 86,325 83,625 2,700
48. Precision production 8,400 8,145 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 380,505 363,710 16,795 45,110 42,955 2,150
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,880 5,175 5,705 15 0 10 0 0 0 407,545 234,360 173,175 60,510 33,885 26,625
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,525 3,070 3,455 15 0 10 0 0 0 262,580 140,520 122,070 31,920 15,075 16,845
03. Natural resources and conservation 4,350 2,100 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,960 93,845 51,115 28,595 18,815 9,775
Health and related fields 91,710 19,495 72,215 35 10 20 0 0 0 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 350,930 73,605 277,325
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 7,380 3,540 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 180,785 89,005 91,780 27,000 13,530 13,470
51. Health professions and related programs178 81,445 14,515 66,930 30 0 20 0 0 0 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 312,980 53,940 259,035
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 150 55 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 1,425 3,825 725 175 550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,740 1,395 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,030 34,630 29,400 10,230 5,960 4,270
Personal, protective and transportation services 24,990 12,345 12,645 0 0 0 30 25 10 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 121,210 61,715 59,495
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 16,005 5,380 10,625 0 0 0 25 15 10 548,520 151,115 397,410 76,425 24,575 51,850
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 105 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,965 3,520 445 505 435 75
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 125 105 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,900 6,210 690 1,025 930 95
43. Security and protective services 4,485 2,870 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,835 160,930 66,905 15,820 11,280 4,540
49. Transportation and materials moving 4,270 3,900 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,205 199,190 20,010 27,425 24,490 2,935
Other179 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 1,640 3,665 685 235 450
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 737,745 364,640 373,105 230 110 125 225 120 105 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 2,691,865 1,313,265 1,378,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 214,245 113,600 100,640 30 20 15 145 60 90 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 911,450 481,425 430,025
Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 742,175 158,185 583,990 99,640 21,315 78,320
13. Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 742,175 158,185 583,990 99,640 21,315 78,320
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 16,520 6,735 9,785 10 0 10 0 0 0 490,455 210,500 279,955 85,350 36,335 49,005
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,595 1,150 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,645 38,170 16,475 9,815 6,950 2,860
50. Visual and performing arts 14,920 5,580 9,335 10 0 10 0 0 0 435,815 172,330 263,480 75,530 29,385 46,145
Humanities 23,385 8,110 15,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 649,695 241,235 408,465 103,360 38,515 64,845
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,795 520 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,235 16,400 62,835 12,735 2,545 10,190
23. English language and literature/letters 5,440 1,440 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,815 37,610 97,210 25,770 7,190 18,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,205 2,785 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 216,725 80,505 136,220 35,310 13,320 21,990
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 340 110 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,910 4,540 8,370 1,895 745 1,150
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,575 845 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,640 23,645 17,990 5,780 3,440 2,335
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,930 1,110 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,920 29,245 19,675 7,845 4,740 3,105
54. History 2,585 1,210 1,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,415 40,800 37,615 11,615 6,050 5,565
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 515 90 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,045 8,490 28,555 2,410 480 1,930
Social and behavioural sciences and law 60,535 20,560 39,980 20 0 20 0 0 0 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 226,805 76,655 150,150
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 870 180 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,895 5,520 18,370 4,220 1,075 3,145
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 8,695 2,925 5,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,475 72,125 124,350 26,730 9,590 17,150
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 6,225 450 5,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 270,970 20,095 250,875 29,960 2,705 27,260
22. Legal professions and studies 11,170 3,705 7,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 261,265 82,850 178,420 34,935 10,780 24,150
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,180 385 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,830 12,160 25,670 5,150 1,960 3,185
42. Psychology 9,685 2,100 7,590 10 0 10 0 0 0 249,205 55,840 193,365 39,250 9,600 29,645
45. Social sciences 22,700 10,805 11,895 10 0 10 0 0 0 549,090 254,250 294,840 86,555 40,945 45,615
Business, management and public administration 124,905 53,865 71,040 35 20 20 15 0 10 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 379,485 152,040 227,445
30.16 Accounting and computer science 105 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,995 1,335 2,665 445 140 300
44. Public administration and social service professions 5,835 1,070 4,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 213,140 40,230 172,910 22,625 4,535 18,095
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 118,970 52,750 66,215 35 20 20 15 0 10 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 356,415 147,365 209,055
Physical and life sciences and technologies 27,230 13,335 13,895 10 10 0 0 0 0 513,555 241,780 271,785 77,340 37,350 39,990
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 9,575 3,600 5,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,460 90,390 137,075 33,945 14,030 19,915
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 5,600 2,495 3,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,350 48,075 60,280 18,520 8,355 10,165
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 465 190 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,270 5,690 8,580 1,545 520 1,030
40. Physical sciences 10,735 6,710 4,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,510 88,540 51,970 21,390 13,835 7,555
41. Science technologies/technicians 860 335 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,960 9,090 13,870 1,935 610 1,330
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 28,300 18,680 9,610 30 20 0 0 0 0 667,305 445,970 221,330 87,185 58,400 28,785
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 24,085 16,720 7,360 30 20 0 0 0 0 554,185 392,835 161,350 72,700 51,710 20,995
25. Library science 900 120 780 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,610 4,720 22,885 3,600 540 3,060
27. Mathematics and statistics 2,765 1,500 1,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,940 39,000 31,940 8,865 4,890 3,975
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 555 350 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,565 9,415 5,155 2,010 1,265 755
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 113,170 94,000 19,170 40 25 15 40 40 0 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 327,735 286,655 41,080
04. Architecture and related services 4,610 2,700 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,845 61,230 44,605 14,690 8,220 6,480
14. Engineering 51,005 39,500 11,510 20 10 15 10 10 0 724,235 568,385 155,850 93,760 73,350 20,400
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,030 19,430 4,600 15 0 0 15 15 0 536,600 464,510 72,090 57,590 49,650 7,940
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 160 350 100 35 70
46. Construction trades 15,725 15,190 535 0 0 0 10 10 0 510,105 493,000 17,100 74,045 71,450 2,595
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 11,690 11,295 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 467,225 452,385 14,840 57,950 55,995 1,950
48. Precision production 6,095 5,885 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 266,690 253,110 13,585 29,605 27,965 1,640
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,820 4,045 4,780 15 0 10 0 0 0 314,120 170,440 143,680 45,705 23,930 21,775
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,000 2,240 2,765 15 0 10 0 0 0 199,335 99,700 99,635 23,700 10,410 13,290
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,820 1,805 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 114,780 70,745 44,040 22,005 13,520 8,485
Health and related fields 73,600 16,045 57,555 35 10 25 0 0 0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 258,665 55,710 202,960
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 5,910 2,840 3,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 139,280 67,885 71,385 20,980 10,585 10,395
51. Health professions and related programs178 65,330 12,095 53,230 25 0 25 0 0 0 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 229,855 41,240 188,620
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 130 45 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 945 3,485 580 90 490
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,240 1,065 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,115 23,255 24,860 7,245 3,790 3,455
Personal, protective and transportation services 19,480 9,855 9,625 0 0 0 15 15 0 772,450 399,835 372,615 88,615 44,750 43,865
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 12,230 4,210 8,020 0 0 0 15 15 0 414,520 112,935 301,590 56,165 18,390 37,775
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 80 70 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,955 2,575 375 305 240 65
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,850 3,415 435 450 410 40
43. Security and protective services 3,695 2,380 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 183,025 128,295 54,725 12,270 8,530 3,740
49. Transportation and materials moving 3,425 3,150 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 168,105 152,620 15,485 19,425 17,180 2,240
Other179 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,075 1,150 2,930 535 180 355
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 737,745 364,640 373,105 230 110 125 225 120 105 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 2,691,865 1,313,265 1,378,600
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 214,245 113,600 100,640 30 20 15 145 60 90 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 911,450 481,425 430,025
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 523,510 251,045 272,465 195 85 110 80 65 15 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 1,780,415 831,835 948,580
Location of study inside Canada 372,000 180,455 191,540 115 60 60 60 45 10 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 1,316,405 622,255 694,150
Same as province or territory of residence 267,640 128,510 139,130 75 40 30 50 45 10 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 1,029,000 480,420 548,580
Different than province or territory of residence 104,355 51,950 52,410 45 20 25 0 0 0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 287,405 141,835 145,570
Location of study outside Canada182 151,510 70,585 80,925 80 30 50 20 15 10 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 464,010 209,580 254,430
Americas 24,755 12,395 12,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 483,810 238,040 245,775 84,155 40,735 43,420
United States of America 14,510 7,920 6,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,005 143,575 135,435 57,255 28,610 28,650
Mexico 2,085 930 1,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,400 16,175 20,230 8,850 3,950 4,895
Cuba 235 135 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,345 4,275 4,070 310 150 160
Haiti 75 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,620 5,645 4,970 20 15 0
Jamaica 400 175 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,780 6,110 6,670 655 290 365
Brazil 1,555 665 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,050 18,445 21,605 8,395 3,865 4,530
Colombia 2,015 880 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,165 13,875 17,295 2,315 1,005 1,310
Peru 365 140 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,780 3,025 4,750 945 345 595
Venezuela95 1,780 745 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 5,330 7,320 815 345 470
Other locations of study in Americas 1,735 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,000 21,575 23,425 4,590 2,160 2,430
Europe 25,250 13,170 12,080 15 10 0 0 0 0 543,725 281,205 262,520 92,195 46,985 45,210
Belgium 170 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,795 4,260 3,535 755 430 325
France 1,155 600 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,770 53,930 43,840 5,075 2,645 2,425
Germany 925 515 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,450 12,070 10,380 5,805 2,975 2,830
Netherlands 600 315 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 6,065 4,765 2,315 1,265 1,055
Switzerland 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,470 4,420 4,050 1,915 905 1,010
Hungary 330 165 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,160 2,465 2,700 945 430 515
Moldova183 570 270 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,055 4,165 4,890 455 200 255
Poland 1,375 540 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,215 11,115 14,100 2,960 1,320 1,645
Romania 1,725 935 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,250 16,190 16,060 3,515 1,720 1,795
Russian Federation 2,065 890 1,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,095 16,250 19,845 5,880 2,560 3,325
Ukraine 1,465 680 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,405 16,635 19,775 4,345 1,945 2,395
Ireland96 855 520 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,040 9,175 6,865 5,665 3,255 2,410
United Kingdom87 9,355 5,195 4,155 15 10 0 0 0 0 151,900 81,980 69,920 38,270 20,230 18,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina 280 145 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,030 2,915 3,115 840 410 430
Italy 315 170 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,895 5,055 3,840 1,610 890 720
Serbia86 360 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,745 4,470 4,280 1,565 845 720
Other locations of study in Europe 3,420 1,790 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 60,615 30,055 30,560 10,275 4,955 5,320
Africa 12,240 6,200 6,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 216,815 111,010 105,805 12,250 6,465 5,785
Nigeria 4,635 2,225 2,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,280 16,395 16,880 1,315 690 630
Algeria 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,230 17,020 16,210 130 85 45
Morocco 380 205 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,640 12,125 11,510 470 255 215
Tunisia 180 110 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 7,100 5,555 160 75 85
Egypt 1,610 825 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,255 15,145 15,115 1,490 800 690
South Africa, Republic of 1,315 665 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,060 9,900 9,160 5,860 3,055 2,800
Other locations of study in Africa 3,795 2,005 1,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,700 33,325 31,385 2,825 1,510 1,315
Asia 86,450 37,320 49,140 35 0 30 15 15 0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 258,905 106,700 152,210
Iran88 2,105 980 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,630 30,180 36,450 16,325 7,150 9,175
Iraq 895 440 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,515 8,250 8,265 1,465 830 635
Israel 385 210 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,355 5,725 5,630 1,345 690 660
Lebanon 590 275 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,565 9,355 10,210 550 260 295
Syria89 730 375 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,405 7,885 8,520 805 405 400
Turkey 385 235 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,855 6,595 5,260 1,680 995 680
China90 10,965 4,890 6,075 10 0 10 0 0 0 201,100 87,370 113,720 59,350 24,555 34,795
Taiwan 565 140 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,520 4,750 9,770 8,905 2,985 5,915
Hong Kong91 790 310 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,325 7,445 10,875 7,025 2,820 4,210
Japan 995 270 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,605 5,280 13,325 8,185 1,960 6,230
Korea, South92 3,715 1,535 2,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,575 20,575 33,000 19,605 7,220 12,385
Philippines 28,045 11,105 16,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,795 115,370 190,420 55,140 20,255 34,880
Viet Nam 810 315 495 0 0 0 10 0 0 12,500 4,490 8,005 2,145 625 1,520
Bangladesh 1,360 510 845 15 0 10 0 0 0 25,000 11,360 13,645 1,135 485 650
Sri Lanka 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 7,090 7,995 975 480 490
India 23,485 11,025 12,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 405,850 199,380 206,475 60,565 28,910 31,655
Pakistan 6,015 2,670 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,155 35,055 40,100 3,935 1,855 2,080
Other locations of study in Asia 4,170 1,795 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,385 28,650 35,735 9,780 4,215 5,565
Oceania 2,815 1,510 1,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,960 24,495 23,460 16,505 8,700 7,810
Australia 2,225 1,200 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,525 19,270 19,250 12,315 6,385 5,930
New Zealand 480 255 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,785 4,300 3,485 3,340 1,855 1,485
Other locations of study in Oceania 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,655 930 730 855 465 390
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 320 145 175 310 150 155 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 4,200,425 2,048,395 2,152,030
In the labour force 730,055 382,305 347,750 255 135 120 180 110 75 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 2,657,275 1,378,375 1,278,900
Employed 638,645 335,655 302,995 195 110 85 145 85 60 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 2,433,600 1,264,715 1,168,885
Unemployed 91,405 46,650 44,755 60 20 35 35 20 10 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 223,675 113,655 110,015
Not in the labour force 326,175 138,875 187,310 70 15 55 125 45 90 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 1,543,145 670,020 873,130
Participation rate 69.1 73.4 65.0 79.7 93.1 68.6 58.1 73.3 48.4 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.3 67.3 59.4
Employment rate 60.5 64.4 56.6 60.9 75.9 48.6 46.8 56.7 38.7 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.9 61.7 54.3
Unemployment rate 12.5 12.2 12.9 23.5 14.8 29.2 19.4 18.2 13.3 10.3 9.9 10.7 8.4 8.2 8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 325 150 175 310 150 155 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 4,200,425 2,048,390 2,152,030
Did not work186 350,820 153,180 197,640 80 20 60 125 45 80 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 1,563,830 685,205 878,625
Worked 705,410 367,995 337,415 245 130 110 185 105 85 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 2,636,595 1,363,185 1,273,410
Worked full year full time187 370,495 210,090 160,405 120 70 50 80 40 35 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 1,350,335 768,255 582,080
Worked part year and/or part time188 334,920 157,910 177,010 125 65 60 105 60 45 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 1,286,260 594,930 691,330
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.6 41.4 39.7 35.4 36.4 34.4 39.8 39.6 40.0 41.0 41.7 40.3 40.9 41.8 39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 730,050 382,305 347,745 255 135 120 180 115 70 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 2,657,275 1,378,380 1,278,900
Class of worker - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 20 0 20 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 54,165 26,325 27,835
All classes of workers191 704,840 370,120 334,720 235 130 105 180 110 70 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 2,603,110 1,352,050 1,251,060
Employee 596,075 303,490 292,590 220 120 105 150 80 65 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 2,144,475 1,076,150 1,068,330
Permanent position 498,865 258,105 240,765 175 90 85 115 60 50 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 1,788,175 913,100 875,070
Temporary position 97,210 45,385 51,825 45 30 20 30 20 15 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 356,305 163,045 193,255
Fixed term (1 year or more) 33,010 14,890 18,125 10 0 10 10 0 0 867,740 386,965 480,775 116,190 53,010 63,190
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 64,200 30,500 33,700 35 30 10 25 15 0 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 240,110 110,035 130,070
Self-employed192 108,770 66,635 42,130 15 15 0 35 25 0 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 458,635 275,905 182,735
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 730,050 382,305 347,745 255 135 120 180 115 70 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 2,657,275 1,378,380 1,278,900
Occupation - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 20 0 20 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 54,165 26,325 27,835
All occupations191 704,840 370,120 334,720 235 130 105 180 110 70 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 2,603,110 1,352,050 1,251,060
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 8,910 6,645 2,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 254,760 177,450 77,315 32,255 22,375 9,885
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 135,315 46,270 89,040 40 25 15 35 10 20 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 446,160 137,765 308,395
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 83,405 63,705 19,695 50 30 25 10 10 0 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 209,185 158,605 50,580
3 Health occupations 58,670 11,985 46,685 25 0 20 0 0 0 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 199,185 43,765 155,415
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 77,125 25,355 51,770 35 15 25 10 0 10 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 309,360 103,155 206,205
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 20,330 9,105 11,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 596,785 275,420 321,360 110,585 52,240 58,340
6 Sales and service occupations 175,295 80,580 94,715 40 15 25 85 40 40 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 666,705 293,530 373,180
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 115,655 103,615 12,040 25 25 0 40 40 0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 469,450 425,905 43,545
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 10,185 8,205 1,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 541,235 416,960 124,270 72,075 51,750 20,325
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 19,960 14,655 5,300 10 10 0 0 0 0 857,540 612,415 245,120 88,155 62,965 25,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 730,050 382,305 347,745 255 135 120 180 115 70 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 2,657,275 1,378,380 1,278,900
Industry - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 20 0 20 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 54,165 26,325 27,835
All industries191 704,840 370,120 334,720 235 130 105 180 110 70 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 2,603,110 1,352,050 1,251,060
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,635 1,590 1,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 434,800 295,160 139,640 60,320 38,580 21,735
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 32,410 20,860 11,545 25 10 10 0 0 0 239,030 195,605 43,425 24,955 20,610 4,350
22 Utilities 8,485 5,525 2,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 147,750 109,475 38,270 14,820 10,765 4,050
23 Construction 58,805 49,750 9,055 35 25 10 25 25 0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 234,345 201,185 33,155
31-33 Manufacturing 33,130 24,105 9,030 10 0 10 0 0 0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 152,790 107,750 45,035
41 Wholesale trade 22,295 15,400 6,895 0 0 0 10 10 0 610,295 406,960 203,335 80,165 53,130 27,035
44-45 Retail trade 80,115 38,770 41,340 25 10 15 20 10 10 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 301,060 142,230 158,830
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 46,840 34,225 12,610 10 10 0 30 20 10 981,030 742,515 238,515 142,230 108,095 34,135
51 Information and cultural industries 12,790 7,585 5,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 400,460 237,940 162,520 71,295 43,800 27,495
52 Finance and insurance 26,450 12,325 14,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 815,225 358,145 457,080 95,560 41,275 54,290
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 14,175 7,965 6,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 343,940 186,230 157,710 59,155 31,515 27,640
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 83,970 48,655 35,310 60 35 20 0 0 0 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 238,650 131,495 107,150
55 Management of companies and enterprises 2,240 995 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,455 21,495 23,955 5,785 2,740 3,040
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 31,495 17,855 13,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 792,600 457,880 334,725 110,215 62,865 47,350
61 Educational services 46,695 14,690 32,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 192,855 62,310 130,545
62 Health care and social assistance 90,910 18,065 72,845 25 10 15 0 0 0 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 319,525 64,150 255,375
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 14,470 7,345 7,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 350,710 180,205 170,500 60,775 30,215 30,560
72 Accommodation and food services 42,785 19,585 23,200 10 0 10 15 0 0 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 182,105 78,435 103,670
81 Other services (except public administration) 29,975 12,560 17,415 10 0 0 50 20 30 797,935 373,775 424,165 113,780 50,100 63,680
91 Public administration 24,185 12,265 11,920 10 10 0 10 0 0 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 142,730 70,795 71,940
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 764,085 398,215 365,870 250 135 115 195 110 85 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830
English 720,920 377,180 343,730 230 125 100 190 105 85 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 2,617,625 1,354,690 1,262,935
French 1,020 295 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 3,090 850 2,240
Non-official language 6,605 3,350 3,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 169,205 89,515 79,685 52,925 27,750 25,180
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,935 3,590 3,345 140 60 80
Non-Indigenous 6,600 3,350 3,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 162,265 85,925 76,345 52,790 27,690 25,100
English and French 6,415 2,620 3,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 21,550 8,765 12,785
English and non-official language(s) 27,865 14,130 13,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 570,220 291,000 279,220 154,255 76,820 77,440
French and non-official language(s) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,935 9,955 10,980 80 30 50
English, French and non-official language(s) 665 305 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,340 34,190 35,145 2,520 1,160 1,360
Multiple non-official languages 570 320 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,265 5,960 5,305 3,840 2,000 1,840
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 764,085 398,215 365,870 250 135 115 195 110 85 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830
Single responses 757,765 394,970 362,795 250 135 115 195 110 85 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 2,820,225 1,453,980 1,366,250
Official languages 745,365 388,565 356,810 240 130 110 190 105 85 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 2,726,710 1,405,545 1,321,160
English 743,325 387,970 355,360 240 130 110 190 105 85 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 2,720,275 1,403,805 1,316,470
French 2,040 595 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 6,430 1,740 4,690
Non-official languages 12,400 6,410 5,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 310,455 161,825 148,635 93,520 48,430 45,090
Indigenous languages39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,435 9,725 9,710 290 85 200
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0 0 0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0 0 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0 0 0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 340 355 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 55 15 45
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 55 15 45
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 20 10 15
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 30 10 25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 125 50 80
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 35 15 20
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 30 0 25
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 10
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 20 10 15
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 15 10 10
Siouan languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Stoney 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 40 15 30
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 15 0 10
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 40 0 35
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 15 0 15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 15 0 15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,390 6,410 5,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 291,025 152,095 138,925 93,230 48,340 44,890
Afro-Asiatic languages 450 245 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,265 5,300 3,955 520 320 205
Berber languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 185 235 10 0 10
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 155 210 10 0 10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 430 235 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,785 5,080 3,705 500 320 185
Amharic 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 95 120 20 10 10
Arabic 315 165 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,190 4,250 2,940 355 250 110
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 325 130 25 10 15
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 240 90 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 240 340 60 20 40
Tigrigna 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 45 25 20
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 800 305 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,770 4,135 5,635 2,720 1,070 1,645
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 215 285 30 15 15
Vietnamese 780 295 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,260 3,905 5,350 2,695 1,060 1,630
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 535 275 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,760 2,180 2,580 855 430 420
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 20 15 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Ilocano 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 40 25 20
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 85 50 45
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 480 245 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,205 1,895 2,310 680 335 340
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 15 10 0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 185 210 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 170 205 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,010 1,410 1,605 75 35 35
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 140 110 15 10 0
Tamil 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,255 1,425 55 30 30
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 4,915 2,660 2,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,395 64,055 48,335 30,820 18,165 12,655
Albanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 170 140 20 0 10
Armenian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 295 235 20 0 15
Balto-Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,085 4,390 5,695 915 350 565
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 15 75 15 0 15
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 35 15 0 15
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 40 0 0 0
Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,995 4,375 5,620 900 350 555
Bulgarian 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 55 90 10 0 10
Czech 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 25 20 10
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 60 15 0 0 0
Polish 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,000 1,265 85 25 60
Russian 175 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,240 2,085 3,155 645 245 400
Serbo-Croatian 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 485 355 90 45 40
Bosnian 25 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 10 0 10
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 10 0 0
Serbian 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 245 75 45 30
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 620 650 30 10 20
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 10 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 10 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,250 8,060 6,190 680 310 370
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
High German languages 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,480 5,695 4,790 450 200 255
German 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,615 3,655 2,970 400 180 220
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 50 15 30
Yiddish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 520 530 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,540 2,245 1,290 195 100 100
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 0 0 0
Dutch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 515 440 85 40 45
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 105 55 50
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 35 15 20
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 20 15 0
Swedish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 15 0 10
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Greek 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 445 430 50 35 10
Indo-Iranian languages 3,090 1,860 1,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 55,455 32,965 22,490 25,450 15,470 9,980
Indo-Aryan languages 2,955 1,810 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,020 28,910 19,100 23,425 14,315 9,115
Bengali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 290 355 10 10 0
Gujarati 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 515 600 10 0 10
Hindi 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,235 1,145 1,090 555 310 250
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Nepali 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 145 10 10 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 2,505 1,605 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,840 25,480 15,365 22,730 13,945 8,785
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 0 0 0
Urdu 225 95 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,725 1,265 1,465 100 40 55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Iranian languages 135 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,430 4,045 3,385 2,020 1,155 865
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 25 20 10
Pashto 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 0 0 0
Persian languages 125 50 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,110 3,825 3,285 1,985 1,135 855
Dari 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 445 360 110 75 35
Iranian Persian 90 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,715 2,980 2,735 1,710 940 770
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 400 195 170 120 50
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,285 565 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,795 17,685 13,105 3,675 1,975 1,700
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Italian 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 730 900 120 55 65
Portuguese 75 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,970 4,070 2,895 555 245 310
Romanian 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 375 310 60 35 30
Spanish 1,150 475 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,455 12,465 8,990 2,940 1,645 1,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Japanese 105 25 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,560 1,225 2,340 2,015 695 1,320
Korean 775 435 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,345 7,125 7,225 6,855 3,485 3,370
Mongolian 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 10 0
Niger-Congo languages 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 210 200 15 0 10
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Lingala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 95 55 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 10 0 10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Sign languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 795 1,210 300 105 190
American Sign Language 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 620 970 285 95 185
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 110 180 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 10 10 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 4,560 2,355 2,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,375 64,180 64,190 48,730 23,930 24,800
Chinese languages 4,540 2,340 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,045 63,990 64,055 48,670 23,890 24,780
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 0 0 0
Mandarin 1,910 975 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,040 37,760 38,280 28,465 13,710 14,755
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 210 270 235 110 125
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 15 10 10
Yue (Cantonese) 2,595 1,340 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,950 25,725 25,225 19,865 10,015 9,855
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 240 220 85 45 40
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 175 125 60 35 20
Burmese 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 30 15 10
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 310 450 205 65 140
Lao 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0
Thai 35 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 200 60 140
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Turkic languages 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 695 650 60 20 40
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 0 0 0
Turkish 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 660 615 55 10 40
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 215 270 50 10 40
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 50 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 65 20 0 15
Hungarian 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 160 30 0 25
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Multiple responses 6,320 3,245 3,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 453,880 231,205 222,675 35,660 18,080 17,585
English and French 805 365 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 321,975 163,305 158,675 2,470 970 1,510
English and non-official language(s) 5,280 2,770 2,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 115,955 60,210 55,745 32,195 16,590 15,610
French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,280 2,795 3,485 35 10 20
English, French and non-official language(s) 75 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,405 3,795 3,605 130 65 65
Multiple non-official languages 130 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,100 1,165 825 445 380
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 764,085 398,215 365,870 250 135 115 195 110 85 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 2,855,890 1,472,060 1,383,830
None 734,060 383,675 350,390 230 125 100 195 110 85 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 2,703,945 1,398,765 1,305,180
English 5,720 2,795 2,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 902,625 474,755 427,875 36,055 17,805 18,250
French 4,720 2,005 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 589,755 288,955 300,800 16,140 7,125 9,020
Non-official language 16,030 8,000 8,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 331,375 168,035 163,335 79,300 38,900 40,400
Indigenous39 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 7,740 10,450 1,320 470 850
Non-Indigenous 15,945 7,965 7,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 313,185 160,295 152,885 77,980 38,430 39,550
English and French 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 1,445 1,495 70 30 40
English and non-official language(s) 640 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,125 15,680 17,445 4,745 2,165 2,580
French and non-official language(s) 440 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,615 11,475 11,135 1,945 860 1,085
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 210 150 10 0 10
Multiple non-official languages 2,460 1,210 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,740 25,425 25,315 13,685 6,410 7,275
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 638,645 335,655 302,990 195 115 85 145 90 60 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 2,433,600 1,264,715 1,168,885
Worked at home 182,015 89,915 92,100 75 45 30 25 10 10 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 549,845 262,840 287,005
Worked outside Canada 2,460 1,800 660 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,335 40,295 18,035 10,065 6,785 3,275
No fixed workplace address 89,650 66,145 23,505 10 10 0 0 0 0 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 373,475 277,860 95,615
Usual place of work 364,515 177,790 186,730 105 60 50 120 65 50 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 1,500,215 717,240 782,980
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 364,520 177,790 186,730 105 60 45 120 70 50 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 1,500,215 717,235 782,980
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 332,545 158,240 174,305 85 40 45 115 70 50 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 774,620 341,895 432,725
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 22,900 13,305 9,595 20 15 0 0 0 0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 638,825 322,890 315,940
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 5,875 4,210 1,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 77,845 46,415 31,440
Commute to a different province or territory 3,200 2,035 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,060 60,210 37,850 8,920 6,040 2,875
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 454,170 243,935 210,235 120 65 55 125 75 50 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 1,873,690 995,095 878,595
Car, truck or van 378,085 208,085 169,995 95 55 35 105 70 35 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 1,497,765 824,995 672,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver 350,765 198,775 151,990 85 50 35 105 70 35 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 1,376,410 775,555 600,865
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 27,315 9,310 18,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 844,155 343,100 501,050 121,350 49,440 71,910
Public transit 39,905 17,255 22,645 30 15 15 10 0 10 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 174,045 72,290 101,750
Walked 19,195 8,805 10,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 672,815 296,610 376,205 121,550 51,185 70,360
Bicycle 3,955 2,970 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,615 92,195 46,415 36,790 22,990 13,800
Other method 13,035 6,820 6,215 0 0 0 10 0 0 285,820 144,225 141,595 43,535 23,635 19,900
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 454,170 243,935 210,235 120 65 55 125 75 50 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 1,873,690 995,095 878,595
Less than 15 minutes 97,610 44,795 52,810 10 10 0 20 10 10 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 595,470 276,270 319,200
15 to 29 minutes 213,150 115,080 98,070 55 30 20 65 45 20 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 637,130 333,835 303,295
30 to 44 minutes 99,695 58,885 40,805 20 15 10 35 25 15 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 369,645 216,975 152,670
45 to 59 minutes 20,845 11,730 9,110 15 0 10 0 0 0 910,610 542,485 368,125 137,115 81,460 55,655
60 minutes and over 22,870 13,440 9,430 25 15 15 10 0 10 926,120 599,115 327,005 134,330 86,550 47,780
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 454,170 243,935 210,235 120 65 55 125 75 50 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 1,873,690 995,095 878,595
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 28,655 20,330 8,325 10 10 0 20 20 0 938,820 701,960 236,865 125,470 91,685 33,785
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 79,585 49,005 30,585 20 10 10 10 10 0 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 298,120 192,650 105,460
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 116,785 61,460 55,320 15 0 10 25 10 20 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 449,315 237,080 212,235
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 86,045 42,180 43,860 10 0 0 20 10 10 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 418,635 186,225 232,415
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 67,250 30,565 36,680 15 0 15 20 10 10 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 303,745 133,880 169,865
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 75,850 40,390 35,455 45 30 15 30 20 15 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 278,405 153,580 124,825
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 285,180 146,410 138,775 105 50 50 75 40 30 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 884,130 455,675 428,450
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 20,385 10,340 10,050 15 5 5 0 0 0 897,205 456,120 441,085 55,575 28,115 27,465
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 264,795 136,070 128,725 90 45 45 75 40 30 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 828,550 427,565 400,990
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 205,680 105,675 100,005 90 45 45 60 35 25 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 651,050 336,315 314,735
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 15,120 7,690 7,430 10 5 5 0 0 0 682,190 346,420 335,770 43,010 21,805 21,205
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,850 3,820 4,030 5 5 5 0 0 0 467,685 234,475 233,215 23,960 11,755 12,205
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,275 3,870 3,400 5 0 0 0 0 0 214,500 111,950 102,550 19,050 10,050 8,995
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 190,560 97,990 92,580 80 35 45 60 35 25 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 608,040 314,500 293,535

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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