Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			48062005More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			Rocky View County, Municipal district (MD)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	1,047	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	41,028	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	39,407^r	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	277	...	...	638,160	...	...	14,714	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	276	...	...	604,628	...	...	13,905	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	4,476.3	...	...	126.1	...	...	10.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	0.23	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	3,828.85	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	1,050	530	520	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	41,030	20,865	20,160
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	170	90	85	294,075	151,285	142,785	7,065	3,675	3,385
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	30	15	10	89,790	46,155	43,630	1,515	760	750
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	65	35	35	100,905	51,680	49,225	2,440	1,270	1,175
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	70	35	35	103,380	53,450	49,930	3,110	1,645	1,465
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	695	355	335	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	26,605	13,410	13,195
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	50	25	25	92,025	47,355	44,675	3,050	1,615	1,435
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	80	45	35	91,515	47,260	44,260	2,320	1,265	1,055
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	85	50	35	101,235	50,320	50,915	1,395	730	665
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	65	35	30	123,235	60,255	62,980	1,520	745	775
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	65	30	40	132,045	64,950	67,095	2,080	980	1,100
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	70	35	40	121,735	60,110	61,625	2,640	1,280	1,365
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	55	25	30	111,345	55,485	55,860	2,985	1,480	1,510
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	55	30	30	103,325	51,835	51,490	3,365	1,665	1,695
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	75	30	40	101,580	50,260	51,320	3,635	1,815	1,820
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	95	55	45	96,735	47,710	49,020	3,605	1,835	1,775
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	185	85	100	221,795	103,495	118,300	7,360	3,785	3,575
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	65	30	35	78,095	38,250	39,845	2,805	1,450	1,360
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	55	30	25	58,785	28,310	30,475	1,980	1,070	910
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	25	10	15	36,570	17,235	19,340	1,235	645	590
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	15	10	5	23,750	10,405	13,350	685	345	340
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	20	10	10	24,595	9,300	15,290	650	270	380
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	15	5	10	15,285	6,230	9,050	410	185	225
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	5	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	185	70	115
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	50	10	45
100 years and over	195	45	155	0	0	0	225	45	180	5	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	16.2	17.0	16.3	18.5	19.1	17.8	17.2	17.6	16.8
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	66.2	67.0	64.4	67.6	67.8	67.4	64.8	64.3	65.5
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	17.6	16.0	19.2	13.9	13.1	14.8	17.9	18.1	17.7
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.5	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	41.5	40.4	42.6	38.9	38.3	39.6	42.4	42.1	42.8
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	40.8	38.4	42.8	38.4	38.0	39.2	45.6	45.6	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	280	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	275	...	...	351,925	...	...	12,975	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	585	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	125	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	5	...	...	21,855	...	...	20	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	10	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	25	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	25	...	...	151,770	...	...	1,785	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	55	...	...	196,980	...	...	5,435	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	60	...	...	96,165	...	...	2,080	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	50	...	...	97,780	...	...	2,680	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	95	...	...	61,930	...	...	1,925	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,050	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	40,460	20,665	19,800
Average household size	2.6	...	...	3.8	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	880	445	440	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	33,965	17,190	16,770
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	535	270	265	773,480	387,015	386,465	23,385	11,695	11,690
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	520	265	260	657,160	328,650	328,510	21,200	10,600	10,595
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	10	5	5	116,320	58,365	57,960	2,190	1,095	1,090
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	10	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330	1,295	650	645
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	80	50	30
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	0	0	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	755	360	390
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	65	35	30
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	340	170	170	523,090	252,020	271,065	10,575	5,490	5,080
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	255	150	105	364,145	197,890	166,255	7,605	4,275	3,325
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	15	5	10	29,375	12,665	16,710	480	240	245
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	30	10	20	79,920	30,945	48,970	1,195	630	570
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	45	10	40	49,640	10,520	39,125	1,295	355	940
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	295	...	...	438,900	...	...	12,355	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	110	...	...	204,395	...	...	6,000	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	70	...	...	94,815	...	...	2,195	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	85	...	...	97,660	...	...	2,690	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	30	...	...	42,025	...	...	1,475	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	290	...	...	438,900	...	...	12,360	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	260	...	...	377,050	...	...	11,505	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	255	...	...	318,890	...	...	10,415	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	165	...	...	190,345	...	...	5,600	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	90	...	...	128,545	...	...	4,810	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	5	...	...	58,160	...	...	1,095	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	410	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	0	...	...	38,995	...	...	685	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	30	...	...	61,850	...	...	855	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	530	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	10	...	...	14,065	...	...	320	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,050	530	515	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	40,460	20,665	19,800
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	925	475	450	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	37,275	19,050	18,225
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	520	260	260	754,090	377,085	377,010	23,015	11,510	11,505
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	35	10	25	61,855	14,065	47,790	850	320	535
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	375	205	165	492,710	260,395	232,315	13,415	7,220	6,195
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	320	180	140	396,580	208,580	188,000	12,070	6,465	5,605
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	55	25	25	96,130	51,815	44,315	1,340	755	590
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	120	55	70	263,280	130,670	132,615	3,185	1,615	1,570
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	20	5	20	151,765	71,605	80,165	1,785	940	845
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	70	25	40	40,060	17,085	22,975	635	245	390
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	30	20	10	71,460	41,975	29,480	765	430	335
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	150	...	...	375,185	...	...	10,775	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	140	...	...	328,515	...	...	10,160	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	100	...	...	182,665	...	...	5,290	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	40	...	...	145,845	...	...	4,875	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	10	...	...	46,670	...	...	620	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	60	...	...	20,165	...	...	565	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	10	...	...	4,730	...	...	130	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	25	...	...	22,485	...	...	390	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	10	...	...	30,295	...	...	250	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	1,790	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	880	440	435	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	33,450	17,015	16,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	845	425	420	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	31,800	16,230	15,575
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	35,200	36,400	34,000	44,800	52,400	39,200	51,600	66,000	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	845	425	420	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	31,820	16,240	15,585
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	33,200	34,000	31,600	40,400	46,000	36,000	45,600	56,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	725	375	350	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	29,965	15,465	14,500
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	29,800	33,200	27,000	40,800	50,000	32,400	48,000	63,200	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	605	310	290	922,195	474,800	447,395	23,280	12,400	10,880
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	30,000	30,000	29,800	42,400	50,800	34,800	42,000	57,600	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	775	395	375	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	25,925	13,430	12,500
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	9,100	8,700	9,900	7,600	5,600	9,100	6,550	4,840	8,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	80	35	45	136,975	64,415	72,555	1,985	925	1,060
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,680	5,720	5,600	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,760	5,760	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	315	175	145	384,535	184,820	199,710	7,810	3,770	4,040
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	860	425	440	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	33,445	16,980	16,465
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	820	405	415	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	31,730	16,120	15,610
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	43,500	47,000	40,000	65,500	78,400	52,850	100,200	136,200	62,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	820	405	415	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	31,750	16,125	15,625
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	38,400	41,400	35,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	75,400	99,000	51,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	700	350	350	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	29,930	15,435	14,495
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	38,900	43,000	35,000	62,300	76,300	48,160	98,400	135,000	59,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	590	295	295	922,200	475,075	447,125	23,385	12,470	10,915
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	40,000	42,800	37,600	60,800	73,200	47,640	86,200	117,000	50,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	755	370	385	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	25,835	13,270	12,565
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	11,040	10,520	11,520	10,020	8,930	11,050	9,050	8,410	9,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	100	60	40	136,685	64,550	72,135	2,130	1,015	1,115
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,600	7,600	7,600	7,070	6,620	7,480	7,000	6,250	7,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	335	170	165	383,100	184,610	198,485	7,635	3,690	3,945
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	9,000	8,900	9,200	9,270	9,160	9,380	8,880	8,730	9,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	860	425	435	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	33,440	16,975	16,465
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	265	120	140	432,255	245,295	186,965	10,855	6,595	4,260
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	55,200	56,400	54,000	73,000	80,000	65,000	88,000	102,000	70,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	60,800	60,000	62,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	139,400	173,200	86,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	235	135	100	374,345	173,060	201,290	8,995	4,115	4,880
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	18,400	19,800	12,500	20,400	23,400	18,400	17,600	20,600	15,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	21,200	24,000	17,600	33,960	40,480	28,360	43,000	60,150	28,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	76.8	79.5	73.5	86.6	90.2	81.4	92.6	95.0	87.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	66.5	67.0	66.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	63.4	66.4	56.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	23.3	20.4	26.6	13.4	9.8	18.5	7.4	5.1	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	2.1	2.4	1.9	1.2	0.9	1.7	0.5	0.3	0.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	9.4	8.8	10.1	5.0	3.9	6.5	2.4	1.6	4.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	8.5	8.0	9.0	4.5	3.6	5.7	2.1	1.5	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	33,455	17,020	16,435
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	35	15	20	63,430	30,900	32,525	1,655	790	860
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	840	430	415	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	31,800	16,225	15,575
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	70	25	45	107,500	44,415	63,085	3,495	1,450	2,045
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	110	50	60	115,465	47,780	67,690	3,120	1,240	1,880
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	180	105	80	178,230	78,800	99,430	3,745	1,630	2,115
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	115	50	60	142,910	61,170	81,740	2,775	1,145	1,630
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	100	45	55	122,655	55,960	66,690	2,365	1,085	1,280
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	80	35	50	101,530	48,280	53,245	2,080	960	1,120
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	55	35	20	85,080	42,725	42,355	1,890	945	945
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	35	25	15	68,705	36,885	31,825	1,495	785	710
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	25	15	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	1,300	710	590
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	25	15	5	45,345	25,570	19,775	1,255	685	575
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	50	35	20	193,625	128,165	65,460	8,270	5,585	2,685
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	35	25	15	113,250	69,295	43,955	3,550	2,115	1,440
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	20	15	5	80,375	58,870	21,505	4,715	3,475	1,245
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	33,455	17,020	16,435
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	35	15	20	62,710	30,505	32,210	1,630	780	850
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	840	430	415	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	31,825	16,235	15,585
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	70	25	45	112,205	46,185	66,020	3,770	1,565	2,205
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	115	50	60	120,545	50,115	70,430	3,245	1,295	1,955
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	200	110	90	201,940	89,680	112,255	4,110	1,780	2,330
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	130	60	75	166,565	73,405	93,160	3,270	1,405	1,865
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	110	50	60	143,135	67,430	75,705	2,760	1,290	1,470
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	80	35	40	114,565	57,190	57,380	2,480	1,200	1,275
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	50	35	15	87,375	47,045	40,330	1,965	1,070	890
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	30	15	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	1,660	910	750
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	20	10	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	1,400	775	630
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	5	5	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	1,095	630	460
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	30	20	10	117,360	82,665	34,700	6,080	4,320	1,760
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	20	10	10	48,950	32,240	16,710	1,830	1,170	665
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	10	10	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	4,250	3,155	1,100
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	880	445	440	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	33,455	17,020	16,435
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	280	130	145	356,175	156,380	199,795	10,175	4,620	5,560
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	600	315	290	922,200	474,800	447,395	23,275	12,395	10,880
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	75	35	40	116,020	54,130	61,895	3,960	1,935	2,025
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	60	35	30	73,350	31,190	42,165	1,875	840	1,040
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	85	50	40	101,970	44,705	57,260	2,475	1,080	1,395
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	70	35	35	78,390	35,640	42,745	1,715	795	925
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	65	25	40	73,695	34,455	39,235	1,340	565	775
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	55	20	30	71,335	34,515	36,815	1,240	590	645
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	50	25	20	67,050	32,805	34,245	1,205	550	655
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	35	20	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	1,160	570	590
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	35	20	15	49,420	27,665	21,750	910	495	415
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	20	15	5	40,555	23,400	17,160	835	445	395
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	10	10	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	840	450	395
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	35	30	10	153,280	104,755	48,525	5,710	4,085	1,625
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	15	15	5	61,175	36,970	24,210	1,525	890	630
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	20	15	5	92,100	67,780	24,320	4,185	3,195	995
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	880	440	435	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	33,450	17,015	16,435
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	830	415	415	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	30,860	15,720	15,140
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	31,400	34,000	29,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	53,600	71,000	41,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	830	415	415	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	30,890	15,725	15,155
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	29,600	32,000	28,200	40,000	46,400	34,400	46,800	59,600	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	725	375	355	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	29,370	15,110	14,260
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	31,000	36,400	28,400	43,600	52,800	35,600	51,200	69,500	38,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	615	320	295	923,490	475,205	448,285	23,135	12,300	10,830
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	32,000	32,400	31,600	44,800	53,600	37,600	46,800	62,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	740	380	365	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	24,060	12,690	11,370
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	1,480	1,050	4,640	1,190	960	3,040	1,110	960	2,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	55	20	30	85,480	38,765	46,720	1,360	600	765
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	5,120	3,080	5,680	6,450	5,680	7,200	6,400	5,520	7,350
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	860	425	440	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	33,445	16,980	16,465
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	815	395	420	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	30,880	15,605	15,275
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	42,000	47,400	36,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	108,500	151,400	64,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	815	395	420	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	30,905	15,615	15,295
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	36,900	41,400	32,600	52,650	62,600	43,000	79,800	107,600	51,500
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	700	355	350	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	29,290	14,995	14,300
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	42,300	48,200	36,200	65,600	80,800	50,200	109,400	153,000	63,550
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	615	320	295	923,490	475,385	448,110	23,120	12,265	10,855
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	44,000	48,400	39,200	64,100	77,600	49,760	93,500	128,600	53,850
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	715	360	355	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	23,980	12,500	11,480
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	6,350	4,800	7,920	6,130	5,076	7,130	6,125	5,575	6,730
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	55	25	30	84,820	38,275	46,545	1,345	575	765
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	6,000	3,400	8,000	8,200	7,120	9,080	8,510	6,800	9,780
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	860	425	435	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	33,440	16,975	16,465
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	265	125	140	428,265	243,165	185,105	10,715	6,530	4,180
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	54,800	60,400	47,600	70,500	78,500	62,000	87,000	103,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	59,200	64,000	54,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	140,000	175,200	85,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	225	140	85	353,070	163,500	189,570	8,445	3,825	4,620
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	18,600	18,200	23,600	28,800	33,200	25,600	24,000	29,800	20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	30,200	33,500	24,800	43,720	53,050	35,720	56,650	81,400	36,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	86.8	91.0	82.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	95.6	97.0	92.2
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	79.0	82.0	75.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	64.6	66.6	59.3
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	13.2	9.1	18.2	7.9	5.3	11.9	4.4	3.0	7.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.0	0.4	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.3	0.2	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	150,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	25	...	...	151,765	...	...	1,790	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	46,800	...	...	50,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	41,200	...	...	44,000	...	...	50,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	255	...	...	452,860	...	...	12,120	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	132,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	228,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	108,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	172,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	30	...	...	151,830	...	...	1,775	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	44,000	...	...	67,800	...	...	91,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	40,000	...	...	55,250	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	265	...	...	452,795	...	...	12,135	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	248,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	114,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	187,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	120	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	55	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	75	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	120	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	5	...	...	16,055	...	...	165	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	5	...	...	16,860	...	...	190	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	0	...	...	14,380	...	...	180	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	5	...	...	16,415	...	...	215	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	0	...	...	17,790	...	...	235	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	0	...	...	17,750	...	...	235	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	20	...	...	36,405	...	...	520	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	10	...	...	37,740	...	...	500	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	15	...	...	37,230	...	...	575	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	555	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	585	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	175	...	...	303,255	...	...	9,585	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	40	...	...	74,975	...	...	1,370	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	40	...	...	58,215	...	...	1,245	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	45	...	...	76,310	...	...	2,060	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	50	...	...	93,755	...	...	4,915	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	275	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	185	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	70	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	80	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	125	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	5	...	...	17,335	...	...	170	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	10	...	...	19,015	...	...	205	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	215	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	5	...	...	19,345	...	...	245	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	0	...	...	21,320	...	...	270	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	5	...	...	21,155	...	...	315	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	585	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	650	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	715	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	710	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	20	...	...	38,715	...	...	710	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	160	...	...	251,600	...	...	8,655	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	50	...	...	78,970	...	...	1,645	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	35	...	...	56,565	...	...	1,505	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	75	...	...	116,060	...	...	5,505	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	255	...	...	431,155	...	...	11,940	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	128,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	112,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	50	...	...	151,045	...	...	4,980	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	170	...	...	209,715	...	...	6,005	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	202,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	166,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	25	...	...	56,700	...	...	740	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	100,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	88,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	55	25	25	223,225	113,580	109,645	2,550	1,370	1,180
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	26,400	22,800	48,400	44,400	46,000	43,200	51,200	52,400	50,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	26,400	22,400	44,000	40,000	40,800	38,800	44,400	45,600	43,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	270	...	...	431,010	...	...	11,965	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	127,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	249,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	112,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	187,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	45	...	...	151,205	...	...	5,100	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	84,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	208,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	76,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	159,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	170	...	...	209,670	...	...	5,950	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	145,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	298,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	127,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	220,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	20	...	...	56,445	...	...	705	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	80,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	151,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	68,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	45	25	20	223,320	113,715	109,605	2,480	1,285	1,190
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	35,000	24,000	48,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	78,500	87,200	69,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	32,000	22,000	44,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	62,100	66,800	57,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,045	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	40,465	20,665	19,800
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	195	95	90	349,785	179,925	169,860	8,875	4,645	4,235
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	35	20	15	109,785	56,290	53,495	1,925	965	960
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	665	345	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	24,560	12,335	12,225
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	185	90	100	209,135	99,390	109,740	7,025	3,690	3,340
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	50	20	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	2,330	1,210	1,115
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	15	5	5	35,370	18,260	17,110	555	295	260
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	5	5	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	120	55	65
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	25	15	10	78,110	37,880	40,225	1,385	715	665
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	15	0	10	20,680	8,400	12,270	385	200	185
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	4.8	4.4	5.2	8.5	8.3	8.8	5.8	5.9	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	6.0	6.0	5.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	6.3	6.4	6.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5	6.1	5.6	6.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	3.8	4.5	3.2	7.7	7.5	7.9	5.6	5.8	5.5
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	8.0	x	12.0	9.9	8.5	11.2	5.5	5.4	5.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,045	525	515	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	40,460	20,665	19,800
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	195	100	95	349,790	179,930	169,855	8,875	4,640	4,235
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	35	25	15	109,785	56,290	53,500	1,925	965	960
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	670	345	325	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	24,560	12,330	12,225
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	190	85	100	209,130	99,390	109,740	7,030	3,690	3,340
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	40	25	20	81,680	42,310	39,370	1,015	540	480
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	5	5	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	235	120	110
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	50	20	25
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	30	15	10	57,155	29,990	27,170	670	355	315
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	10	0	5	6,440	3,015	3,420	115	60	55
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	4.0	4.4	3.6	5.2	5.4	5.0	2.5	2.6	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	4.0	5.0	x	5.2	5.2	5.2	2.7	2.6	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	2.5	2.4	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	4.0	5.0	3.2	5.6	6.0	5.3	2.7	2.9	2.6
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.0	x	5.0	3.1	3.0	3.1	1.6	1.7	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	1,050	530	520	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	40,465	20,665	19,795
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	440	230	210	673,690	328,825	344,865	10,330	5,240	5,095
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	45	25	20	124,250	62,485	61,770	2,170	1,125	1,040
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	45	25	25	132,700	62,320	70,380	1,745	885	860
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	90	50	45	133,855	64,900	68,960	1,880	970	910
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	105	50	50	138,980	68,120	70,855	2,045	1,025	1,025
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	155	75	75	143,905	71,000	72,900	2,490	1,230	1,260
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	610	300	305	898,245	453,385	444,865	30,130	15,430	14,705
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	110	55	60	150,845	75,135	75,710	2,975	1,490	1,480
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	140	65	75	155,985	78,075	77,910	3,180	1,650	1,530
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	110	55	50	164,975	82,995	81,980	4,435	2,250	2,180
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	150	70	70	181,315	91,520	89,795	5,735	2,925	2,810
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	105	55	50	245,130	125,660	119,470	13,805	7,110	6,695
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	1,045	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	40,460	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.270	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.474	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.380	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.526	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.241	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.417	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	40,865	20,825	20,035
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	920	475	445	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	37,675	19,390	18,285
French only	825	350	480	0	0	0	980	425	555	15	10	5
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	20	10	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	2,875	1,315	1,560
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	110	45	60	34,235	13,810	20,420	295	115	180
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	40,865	20,825	20,035
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	935	480	450	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	40,055	20,455	19,605
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	5	5	0	20,675	10,250	10,425	455	230	225
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	5	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	65	30	30
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	110	45	60	33,340	13,355	19,985	285	110	180
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	40,865	20,825	20,035
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	930	465	465	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	40,080	20,430	19,655
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	320	165	150	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	34,590	17,730	16,860
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	315	165	150	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	34,115	17,485	16,630
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	5	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115	475	240	230
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	615	305	315	415,050	198,790	216,260	5,495	2,700	2,795
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	0	0	0	645	270	380	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	175	80	90	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	60	20	40	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	615	305	315	414,405	198,525	215,885	5,490	2,690	2,790
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	20	5	10	35,495	18,255	17,240	180	105	80
Berber languages	125	70	55	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	45	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	30	20	10	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	30	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	0	0	0
Bilen	170	85	85	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	1,370	685	685	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	1,600	795	805	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	20	5	10	32,085	16,545	15,535	180	105	80
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	0	0	0
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	20	5	10	21,355	11,215	10,145	170	90	75
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	40	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	455	225	230	0	0	0	480	240	240	10	5	5
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	60	25	35	14,785	6,645	8,140	85	40	45
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	0	0	0	870	400	465	10	5	5
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	60	25	35	13,810	6,185	7,625	70	35	35
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	25	10	15	55,755	24,650	31,110	155	55	105
Bikol	195	85	110	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	0	0	0	970	415	555	5	0	5
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	15	10	5
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	5	0	0
Indonesian	665	270	395	0	0	0	700	280	420	5	0	5
Kankanaey	190	80	110	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	135	65	70	0	0	0	145	70	80	5	0	5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	0	0	0	510	240	265	0	0	0
Pangasinan	195	95	100	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	20	10	15	45,300	20,005	25,290	120	45	75
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	560	275	285	0	0	0	605	300	310	5	0	0
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	95	50	50	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	0	0	0	150	75	75	5	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	30	15	15
Kannada	355	180	175	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	20	10	10
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	10	10	5
Telugu	1,255	660	595	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	0	0	0
Tulu	50	25	30	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	120	70	55	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	475	235	235	203,750	100,055	103,695	4,200	2,090	2,110
Albanian	1,330	695	630	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	10	5	0
Armenian	260	135	125	0	0	0	275	135	140	5	5	0
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	15	5	5	30,225	13,960	16,270	615	285	330
Baltic languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	490	225	260	5	5	5
Latvian	170	75	95	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	270	130	140	0	0	0	305	145	160	5	5	5
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	15	5	5	29,740	13,735	16,005	605	280	320
Belarusian	20	5	15	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	785	395	390	0	0	0	820	410	405	10	0	0
Czech	1,190	545	650	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	65	30	35
Macedonian	135	70	70	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	5	5	5	7,595	3,540	4,050	190	90	100
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	105	45	60
Rusyn	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	120	55	65
Bosnian	780	380	405	0	0	0	895	435	460	25	10	20
Croatian	1,755	830	925	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	75	40	40
Serbian	1,830	900	925	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	15	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	940	465	475	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	20	10	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	0	0	0	225	95	130	10	0	10
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	80	40	40
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	0
Celtic languages	100	55	45	0	0	0	125	65	55	5	5	5
Irish	30	20	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	40	25	20	0	0	0	60	30	30	5	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	5	0	0	17,580	8,490	9,090	980	500	480
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	640	320	320
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	610	305	305
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	210	105	100	0	0	0	365	190	180	30	15	15
Yiddish	55	25	30	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	280	150	135
Afrikaans	905	445	455	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	55	30	25
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	215	115	105
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	0	0	0	295	135	165	5	5	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	55	45	5	0	5
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	55	35	20
Danish	560	295	265	0	0	0	765	395	370	40	25	20
Icelandic	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	70	95	0	0	0	210	90	115	5	5	5
Swedish	235	110	125	0	0	0	270	125	145	10	5	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	30	20	10	5	0	0
Greek	1,385	640	745	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	45	25	20
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	445	225	220	106,625	53,665	52,955	1,945	955	985
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	425	215	210	93,240	46,930	46,305	1,850	910	945
Assamese	45	20	25	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	20	10	5
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	25	10	20	6,565	3,380	3,180	60	25	35
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	20	10	10	8,495	4,290	4,205	125	55	65
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	5	5	0	1,080	475	605	15	10	10
Kashmiri	75	40	35	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	160	75	85	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	980	495	480	0	0	0	995	500	495	0	0	0
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095	10	5	5
Oriya languages	95	50	40	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	340	175	165	49,105	24,690	24,420	1,415	690	725
Rohingya	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	285	150	135	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	5	5	0
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	15	5	5	17,875	8,975	8,905	195	100	95
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	20	10	10	13,350	6,720	6,630	95	50	45
Baluchi	50	30	15	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	5	5	0
Parsi	20	10	15	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	5	5	0	2,020	1,035	990	20	10	10
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	10	0	10	10,100	5,080	5,020	75	40	35
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	5	5	5
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	50	25	25
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	5	0	5	1,345	685	660	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	15	10	5	45,970	22,265	23,700	600	315	285
Catalan	45	15	25	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	190	110	80
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	70	40	25
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	85	45	40
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	15	10	5	32,170	15,475	16,695	260	125	135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	25	10	15
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	90	40	50
Mongolian	450	200	245	0	0	0	465	210	255	5	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	20	15	5
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	0	0	0	705	360	340	0	0	0
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	90	45	40	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	50	30	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	35	20	20	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ganda	60	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	55	25	30	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	730	380	355	0	0	0	775	400	375	5	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	55	30	20	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	115	55	60	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	85	40	45	0	0	0	105	50	55	5	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	290	130	155	0	0	0	340	155	185	5	0	0
Soninke	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	725	355	380	0	0	0	790	385	410	0	0	0
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	5	5	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	0	0	0	765	375	395	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	535	295	240	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	375	165	215	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	115	110	0	0	0	275	145	130	10	5	0
American Sign Language	185	100	85	0	0	0	225	120	110	10	5	5
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	35	10	20	68,720	31,925	36,790	535	245	290
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	35	10	20	67,430	31,300	36,130	535	245	290
Hakka	280	135	150	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	5	0	5	31,950	14,765	17,190	305	140	160
Min Dong	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	10	0	5
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	0	0	0	260	125	130	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	25	15	10	32,755	15,315	17,435	200	90	115
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	0	0	0	865	390	470	10	0	5
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	255	120	135	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	220	110	115	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	635	320	325	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	30	10	20
Lao	415	195	215	0	0	0	460	220	245	10	5	5
Thai	620	175	445	0	0	0	740	205	535	15	5	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	10	10	0
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	55	20	35	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	1,340	730	610	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	10	10	0
Uyghur	65	30	35	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	105	60	50
Estonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	45	5	5	5
Finnish	240	85	155	0	0	0	305	105	200	20	5	5
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	85	50	40
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	115	60	50	73,050	35,515	37,535	780	395	385
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	105	50	55
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	105	55	45	58,650	28,715	29,930	625	325	305
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	10	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	10	5	5	5,680	2,595	3,085	35	15	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	40,865	20,825	20,035
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	265	135	130	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	35,300	18,105	17,195
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390	90	50	40
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	260	125	135	127,600	60,835	66,760	1,370	665	705
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	260	125	135	127,540	60,810	66,730	1,370	660	705
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	320	145	175
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	490	260	235	306,635	148,985	157,650	3,610	1,785	1,820
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0	0	0	570	255	315	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	5	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	100	40	65
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	30	15	15	12,395	5,820	6,575	70	35	35
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	1,045	525	515	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	40,865	20,825	20,035
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	920	470	450	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	40,025	20,410	19,610
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	420	215	205	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	37,410	19,105	18,305
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	420	215	205	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	37,285	19,040	18,240
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665	125	70	60
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	495	250	245	259,415	125,675	133,740	2,610	1,305	1,305
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	0	0	0	115	50	65	5	5	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	495	250	245	259,295	125,620	133,675	2,610	1,305	1,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	10	5	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	70	35	35
Berber languages	45	30	15	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	130	65	70	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	995	495	495	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	1,010	470	535	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	10	5	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	70	35	35
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	10	5	5	12,825	6,490	6,335	65	35	25
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	115	115	0	0	0	245	125	125	5	5	5
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	50	20	30	9,940	4,535	5,405	35	15	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	45	20	25	9,395	4,280	5,110	35	15	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	20	5	10	35,275	16,595	18,675	45	25	25
Bikol	75	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	0	0	0
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	0	0	0	580	280	295	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	225	115	110	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	110	50	55	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	50	25	20	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	20	5	10	29,630	13,885	15,750	40	20	20
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	325	155	170	0	0	0	340	160	180	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	40	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	20	10	10
Kannada	190	90	95	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	15	5	5
Tamil	1,395	710	680	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	0	0	0
Telugu	760	375	380	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	30	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	390	205	185	122,940	60,715	62,220	2,000	1,000	1,000
Albanian	610	325	290	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	140	65	75	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	5	5	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	150	70	85
Baltic languages	195	95	95	0	0	0	215	110	105	0	0	0
Latvian	70	40	35	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0	0	0	135	70	70	0	0	0
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	5	5	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	150	70	85
Belarusian	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	360	175	185	0	0	0	380	180	195	10	5	5
Czech	345	160	185	0	0	0	410	190	220	20	5	10
Macedonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	0	5	5	3,015	1,450	1,560	50	25	25
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	35	15	20
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	30	15	10
Bosnian	315	155	160	0	0	0	370	180	185	10	5	5
Croatian	650	300	350	0	0	0	715	335	375	15	5	5
Serbian	895	440	450	0	0	0	925	460	465	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	350	165	180	0	0	0	405	190	215	10	0	5
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	905	435	470	0	0	0	980	470	515	10	5	5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	280	135	140
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	665	320	345	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	190	95	95
German	640	305	335	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	180	90	90
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	70	30	35	10	5	5
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	80	45	40
Afrikaans	435	215	225	0	0	0	635	305	330	45	25	25
Dutch	275	125	150	0	0	0	455	210	245	40	20	15
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0	0	0	165	75	90	5	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	70	30	40	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	430	185	245	0	0	0	480	215	265	15	10	5
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	370	190	175	79,180	39,590	39,590	1,330	665	670
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	350	185	170	70,335	35,225	35,110	1,290	635	650
Assamese	20	10	15	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	15	10	10
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	10	5	5	4,225	2,175	2,045	25	10	15
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	15	10	10	5,510	2,770	2,740	65	30	35
Kacchi	565	235	325	10	5	5	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	25	30	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	565	285	280	0	0	0	575	285	285	0	0	0
Nepali	1,565	805	765	0	0	0	1,590	815	775	0	0	0
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	300	160	140	40,675	20,425	20,245	1,040	515	525
Rohingya	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	165	85	75	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	0	0	0	555	270	285	5	5	0
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	15	10	5	12,930	6,420	6,510	140	80	65
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	20	10	10	8,825	4,360	4,475	40	25	20
Baluchi	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	735	355	380	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	1,215	625	595	5	5	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	10	5	5	6,765	3,325	3,435	40	20	20
Dari	1,710	830	880	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	5	5	0
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	25	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	0	0	0	910	460	455	10	10	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	10	5	5	25,440	12,340	13,100	225	125	105
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	945	425	520	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	20	10	15
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	30	15	10
Romanian	1,980	980	995	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	35	25	15
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	10	5	5	19,825	9,605	10,215	140	75	70
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	1,075	455	615	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	5	0	5
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	60	25	30
Mongolian	305	135	170	0	0	0	305	135	170	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	5	0
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	0	0	0	335	160	170	0	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	10	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	195	100	100	0	0	0	200	100	100	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	35	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	85	35	50	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	275	125	145	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	20	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	615	290	325	0	0	0	660	315	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	325	185	145	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	255	110	145	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	380	210	165	5	0	5	450	260	190	10	10	5
American Sign Language	295	160	135	5	0	5	355	205	150	10	10	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0	95	55	40	5	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	25	10	10	47,945	22,570	25,375	305	155	155
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	25	10	10	47,025	22,110	24,915	305	155	155
Hakka	80	30	50	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	5	0	5	23,970	11,440	12,530	215	105	110
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	0	0	0	155	75	80	5	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	15	5	10	21,815	10,130	11,685	85	40	40
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	160	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	485	250	235	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	500	230	270	20	5	10
Lao	175	80	95	0	0	0	205	100	105	5	0	5
Thai	240	110	125	0	0	0	275	125	150	10	5	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	910	470	440	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	15	25	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	30	20	15
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	25	10	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	130	60	65	75,555	36,865	38,685	840	415	430
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	50	30	20
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	125	60	70	69,995	34,230	35,770	790	380	410
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	0	0	0	710	320	385	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	5	0	0	1,630	760	875	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	1,050	530	515	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	40,860	20,825	20,035
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	620	305	315	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	37,475	19,170	18,305
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	170	95	75	104,745	51,660	53,085	1,075	555	515
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	260	110	150
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	200	100	100	127,610	60,685	66,920	1,700	825	880
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	200	100	100	126,970	60,410	66,565	1,700	820	880
English and French	1,235	595	640	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	35	20	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	125	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	5	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	60	20	40
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	0	0	0	215	120	95	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	15	10	10	14,095	6,810	7,285	150	75	80
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	40,465	20,645	19,815
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	925	460	470	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	40,170	20,525	19,645
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	925	460	470	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	40,150	20,510	19,645
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	25	0	20	103,915	47,090	56,830	2,805	1,225	1,590
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	775	385	390	562,910	270,945	291,960	7,715	3,780	3,935
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	10	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	460	180	275	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	20	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	20	20	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	170	90	80	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	775	385	390	561,340	270,320	291,010	7,705	3,775	3,930
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	375	215	165
Berber languages	275	175	95	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	90	70	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	80	60	20	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	350	215	135	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	340	210	135	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	85	35	45	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	0	0	0
Bilen	235	130	105	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	375	215	165
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	0	0	0
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	350	200	155
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	35	20	15
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	70	35	35	20,885	9,635	11,250	180	80	95
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	25	10	15
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	70	35	35	19,415	8,900	10,515	155	75	80
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	60	20	40	76,815	33,930	42,890	200	65	135
Bikol	505	265	240	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	0	0	0
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	0	0	0
Fijian	90	50	40	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	25	10	15
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	15	0	10
Kankanaey	250	105	145	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	780	350	430	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	460	235	225	0	0	0	550	285	260	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	55	15	40	72,900	32,140	40,755	140	45	95
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	45	15	30
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	10	0	0
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	0	0	0	625	330	300	10	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	125	60	60	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	355	170	185	0	0	0	360	175	185	0	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	20	10	15
Kannada	1,075	550	530	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	20	10	15
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	0	0	0
Tulu	70	35	35	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	220	120	100	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	560	285	265	286,570	140,880	145,685	5,890	2,915	2,970
Albanian	1,825	990	840	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	10	0	10
Armenian	460	265	195	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	20	10	15	37,905	17,730	20,175	810	380	430
Baltic languages	485	220	270	0	0	0	540	245	295	0	0	0
Latvian	155	65	90	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	330	155	175	0	0	0	370	170	205	0	0	0
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	20	10	15	37,610	17,610	20,005	810	375	430
Belarusian	85	30	50	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	985	445	540	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	1,940	970	970	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	80	45	40
Macedonian	290	135	150	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	15	0	10	9,380	4,430	4,950	265	125	140
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	215	110	105
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	115	60	50
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	15	0	10
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	90	50	45
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	10	10	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	1,295	590	700	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	45	15	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	0	0	0	335	130	205	20	0	20
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	120	60	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	435	245	190	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	205	125	85	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	135	80	60	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	1,295	665	635
Frisian	55	20	35	0	0	0	85	25	55	15	0	0
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	920	475	440
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	895	470	425
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	0	0	0	615	280	330	35	10	20
Yiddish	110	65	40	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	400	205	195
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	55	30	25
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	345	175	170
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	65	35	25
Danish	940	480	460	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	55	30	20
Icelandic	50	15	35	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	380	165	215	0	0	0	470	185	285	10	0	0
Swedish	630	275	355	0	0	0	715	315	395	10	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	80	55	25
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	540	280	255	143,590	72,720	70,870	2,405	1,225	1,180
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	480	255	225	128,685	65,260	63,425	2,290	1,160	1,135
Assamese	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	25	10	15
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	30	15	20	11,255	5,745	5,515	60	30	25
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	110	55	55	45,340	22,980	22,370	535	285	255
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	10	10	0
Kashmiri	190	95	95	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	425	200	230	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	15	10	10
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	105	45	55	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	435	230	205	68,525	34,920	33,610	1,855	935	915
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	0	0	0
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	40	30	10	31,710	16,195	15,515	330	180	145
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	60	30	30	17,245	8,665	8,570	125	80	50
Baluchi	65	35	30	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	25	10	15
Parsi	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	45	25	20	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	35	15	20	13,270	6,700	6,570	105	65	45
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	75	45	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	25	15	10	1,715	895	820	15	10	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945	1,485	695	790
Catalan	100	45	60	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	320	155	160
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	85	40	50
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	100	60	45
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125	1,085	495	590
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	65	30	35
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	105	40	65
Mongolian	640	300	335	0	0	0	645	300	345	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	130	80	50
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	0	0	0
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	310	165	145	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	100	45	55	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	275	140	140	0	0	0	300	150	155	10	0	0
Ganda	110	60	45	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	155	70	85	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	40	20	20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	395	185	210	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	255	140	110	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	125	65	65	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	580	270	310	0	0	0	670	325	345	20	15	10
Soninke	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	40	25	10
Wojenaka	35	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	230	130	100	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	20	20	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	815	435	380	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	440	200	240	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0	0	0	190	90	95	10	10	0
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	85	35	50
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	70	25	45
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	0	0	0	395	185	215	10	10	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	80	35	45	82,875	39,220	43,660	675	310	360
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	80	35	45	81,080	38,330	42,750	670	310	360
Hakka	390	160	235	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	465	215	250
Min Dong	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	30	10	25
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	80	35	45	42,910	20,105	22,800	220	100	125
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	0	0	0	880	420	460	20	10	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	495	245	250	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	365	180	190	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	765	395	370	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	25	10	20
Lao	595	300	295	0	0	0	685	350	330	20	10	10
Thai	1,160	445	710	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	10	0	10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	25	20	10
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	170	75	95	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	25	20	10
Uyghur	110	30	80	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	180	80	100	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	135	60	75
Estonian	125	55	70	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	360	170	190	0	0	0	435	210	230	15	10	0
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	125	50	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	0	0	0	525	295	235	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	40,465	20,650	19,815
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	0	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450	1,245	580	670
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300	1,190	560	635
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230	375	195	175
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	805	360	450
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	0	0	0	575	290	280	10	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	45	20	25
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	15	0	10
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	1,025	505	520	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	39,215	20,065	19,150
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	40,465	20,650	19,815
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240	230	95	135
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	1,025	505	520	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	40,235	20,555	19,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	265	...	...	431,680	...	...	12,805	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	30	...	...	172,945	...	...	1,100	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	15	...	...	138,505	...	...	995	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	280	...	...	466,125	...	...	12,915	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	40	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	20	...	...	63,480	...	...	255	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	0	...	...	132,670	...	...	1,010	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	95	...	...	208,570	...	...	4,590	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	180	...	...	196,735	...	...	8,010	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	40	...	...	168,320	...	...	735	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	65	...	...	92,700	...	...	1,115	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	45	...	...	85,005	...	...	1,640	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	35	...	...	74,790	...	...	1,805	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	105	...	...	183,815	...	...	8,605	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.7	...	...	6.3	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	260	...	...	587,240	...	...	13,785	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	30	...	...	17,390	...	...	120	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	275	...	...	576,220	...	...	13,640	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	20	...	...	28,410	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	10	...	...	48,925	...	...	890	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	2,395	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	15	...	...	67,920	...	...	1,340	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	215	...	...	93,515	...	...	3,435	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	40	...	...	63,060	...	...	1,800	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	10	...	...	64,550	...	...	1,640	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	1,330	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	1,080	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	290	...	...	578,295	...	...	13,210	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	0	...	...	26,340	...	...	695	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	85	...	...	286,505	...	...	5,350	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	135	...	...	282,890	...	...	7,880	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	75	...	...	35,230	...	...	675	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	70	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	0	...	...	95,360	...	...	675	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	55	...	...	132,875	...	...	2,150	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	55	...	...	121,200	...	...	3,300	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	100	...	...	114,325	...	...	3,805	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	60	...	...	78,705	...	...	2,490	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	20	...	...	34,680	...	...	1,150	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	265	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	295	...	...	599,605	...	...	13,190	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	245	...	...	466,085	...	...	10,925	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	50	...	...	133,520	...	...	2,260	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	45	...	...	119,800	...	...	1,895	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	290	...	...	604,630	...	...	13,905	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	65	...	...	174,520	...	...	3,025	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	40	...	...	121,340	...	...	2,100	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	15	...	...	22,225	...	...	210	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	515	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	140	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...	35	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	230	...	...	430,110	...	...	10,880	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	290	...	...	585,885	...	...	12,815	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	25	...	...	55,440	...	...	515	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	265	...	...	530,445	...	...	12,310	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	265	...	...	429,490	...	...	12,200	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	58.5	...	...	65.7	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	13.2	...	...	17.4	...	...	16.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.7	...	...	5.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,660	...	...	1,740	...	...	1,860	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,560	...	...	1,792	...	...	2,276	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	500,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	1,033,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	25	...	...	172,840	...	...	1,055	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	0.0	...	...	34.5	...	...	29.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	13.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	x	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,900	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,768	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	40,460	20,650	19,815
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	300	140	155
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	295	140	155
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	125	65	60
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	165	75	90
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	1,210	530	685
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	1,180	510	675
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	515	235	275
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	665	265	400
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	30	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	1,020	505	520	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	38,950	19,980	18,970
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	40,460	20,650	19,815
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	870	415	450	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	39,185	20,060	19,130
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	190	90	95	325,765	167,940	157,820	8,845	4,730	4,115
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	680	325	355	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	30,335	15,325	15,015
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	155	95	70	174,615	83,940	90,680	1,280	590	690
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	1,030	505	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	40,460	20,650	19,815
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	460	235	225	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	33,700	17,330	16,370
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	545	255	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	6,610	3,240	3,370
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	60	20	40	56,750	27,435	29,320	1,985	1,050	940
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	145	70	75	44,975	21,950	23,020	1,080	500	580
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	90	35	50	67,220	32,280	34,935	1,135	570	565
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	180	85	95	127,170	61,140	66,030	1,465	720	740
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	80	50	30	177,465	84,835	92,630	950	405	545
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	50	35	10	89,810	43,015	46,795	565	245	320
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	30	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,835	380	155	230
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	25	20	10	28,410	14,945	13,470	155	85	75
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	545	260	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	6,610	3,240	3,370
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	20	10	10	41,205	20,985	20,220	570	275	300
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	55	30	25	79,795	41,370	38,425	1,285	650	630
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	140	55	80	82,830	37,905	44,930	1,545	765	780
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	250	130	125	223,080	105,885	117,190	2,580	1,240	1,335
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	85	40	45	46,670	21,495	25,170	635	310	325
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	545	260	290	473,580	227,640	245,935	6,610	3,240	3,370
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970	835	340	500
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	0	0	0
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	40	15	25
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	20	10	10
Guyana	740	340	400	0	0	0	810	375	430	15	10	0
Haiti	510	295	220	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	55	30	25
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	55	15	45
Peru	1,070	470	595	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	10	0	10
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	485	180	305
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	150	80	75
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	30	0	20	83,855	41,815	42,040	2,615	1,340	1,275
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	10	0	0
Croatia	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	50	25	30
France	1,265	645	620	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	295	125	170
Greece	865	455	415	0	0	0	955	505	450	40	35	10
Hungary	1,550	740	815	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	50	30	25
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	115	75	40
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	265	145	120
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	150	65	85
Portugal	990	505	485	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	45	15	25
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	55	20	30
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	50	20	30
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	10	10	0
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	40	20	25
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	1,070	570	500
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	10	0	10	13,840	7,005	6,835	350	185	170
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	35	20	15	55,355	27,975	27,385	435	255	180
Algeria	630	310	315	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	30	15	15
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	0	0	0
Morocco	870	445	425	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	90	55	30
Somalia	1,580	775	805	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	115	75	45
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	35	20	15	18,410	9,205	9,210	180	95	85
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	485	230	250	279,930	132,545	147,390	2,605	1,240	1,365
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	40	20	15	4,275	2,115	2,160	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	75	40	30
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	15	10	0
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	85	45	45
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	25	10	10
Turkey	1,085	540	545	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	15	0	10
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	25	15	15	36,925	16,915	20,015	310	140	170
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	75	20	50
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	70	30	40
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	45	20	20
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	45	20	30	71,315	31,605	39,715	120	45	75
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	75	30	40	16,350	7,325	9,030	125	65	60
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	25	10	15
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	250	125	120	61,580	30,730	30,850	1,115	545	570
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	25	10	15	19,425	9,810	9,615	225	115	110
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090	270	120	155
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	120	70	55
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	30	15	15	87,650	41,815	45,830	380	155	230
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	140	55	85
Brazil	840	355	490	0	0	0	915	390	525	0	0	0
Colombia	615	245	370	0	0	0	670	265	410	0	0	0
Haiti	105	55	45	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	475	215	255	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	1,265	645	615	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	30	15	20
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	70	25	40
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	0	0	0	915	400	515	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	25	0	20
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	115	55	60
France	200	95	105	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	225	105	120	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	260	160	105	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	635	235	405	0	0	0	690	245	445	0	0	0
Ukraine	680	295	385	0	0	0	760	340	425	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	60	35	30
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	15	10	10
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	25	20	0
Algeria	60	15	50	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	380	170	210	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	595	300	300	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	0	0	0
Morocco	210	95	110	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	0	0	0
Somalia	310	140	170	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	95	65	30	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	0	0	0
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	25	10	10	55,100	25,850	29,250	100	25	80
Afghanistan	845	405	435	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	630	310	320	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	40	10	30
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	15	10	10	14,870	7,455	7,420	25	0	20
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	945	440	505	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	340	185	150	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	170	25	140	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	165	90	70	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	0	0	0
Lebanon	425	215	210	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	460	235	230	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	405	175	225	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	955	310	640	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	25	10	10
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	0	0	0	690	375	310	0	0	0
Australia	435	230	205	0	0	0	480	255	230	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	40,465	20,650	19,815
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	575	270	300	518,345	251,010	267,335	7,280	3,580	3,700
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	320	160	165	329,675	166,505	163,165	7,775	3,945	3,830
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	130	75	55	723,920	364,750	359,170	25,410	13,125	12,285
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	490	240	245	416,830	200,210	216,615	4,625	2,195	2,430
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	175	90	85	235,880	118,150	117,730	2,540	1,285	1,255
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	70	45	20	95,815	58,035	37,780	995	730	260
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	100	45	65	140,065	60,120	79,950	1,550	555	995
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	225	100	130	117,720	48,395	69,330	1,695	690	1,005
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	90	55	40	58,995	31,595	27,395	375	215	160
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	15	0	15
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	490	240	245	416,830	200,210	216,615	4,625	2,195	2,430
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	30	20	10	14,765	8,620	6,145	115	80	40
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	25	15	10	53,180	23,440	29,750	725	400	325
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	200	110	90
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	10	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	205	85	120
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	45	10	35
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	415	195	220	313,060	149,760	163,300	3,335	1,515	1,820
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	40,465	20,650	19,815
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	870	430	440	575,650	282,735	292,910	5,790	2,910	2,885
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	495	260	235	154,385	78,430	75,955	2,715	1,405	1,310
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	55	30	25	93,975	45,570	48,410	840	395	445
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	50	25	25	76,470	38,665	37,800	505	295	210
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	80	25	50	92,235	42,365	49,880	200	65	130
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	370	210	155
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	195	65	130
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	85	40	45	28,720	13,405	15,310	360	180	175
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	75	35	40	15,765	8,040	7,720	85	60	25
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	145	60	85
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	120	45	70
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	30	0	25
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	30	15	15	20,840	10,195	10,645	225	110	115
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	155	80	80	996,285	499,530	496,755	34,675	17,740	16,930
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,030	510	520	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	40,460	20,645	19,815
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	70	40	30	168,075	87,325	80,750	6,035	3,165	2,865
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	25	0	20	276,300	136,835	139,465	9,460	4,760	4,700
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	15	10	0	202,260	98,040	104,225	6,330	3,130	3,200
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	15	10	0	235,385	115,820	119,575	8,465	4,300	4,165
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	20	15	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	3,115	1,515	1,600
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	30	25	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	7,320	3,690	3,620
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	100	35	65	99,705	48,045	51,650	835	405	430
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	1,185	575	610
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	240	120	120	77,900	39,545	38,355	1,640	855	785
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	15	10	0	89,615	43,675	45,940	3,230	1,585	1,645
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	2,400	1,205	1,195
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	10	0	10	53,675	25,885	27,790	1,905	985	920
Québécois	1,580	785	795	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	50	40	15
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	2,310	1,190	1,120
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	70	20	45	86,850	40,140	46,710	200	70	130
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	240	120	115
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	660	325	335
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	385	200	190
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	865	360	510
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	735	415	320
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	1,205	585	625
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	1,640	795	845
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	795	390	410
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	170	65	105
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	945	485	465
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	210	95	120
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	945	445	505
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	705	320	380
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	115	55	60
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	275	145	125
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	160	75	90
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	150	65	85
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	110	65	45	20,085	10,145	9,940	440	220	225
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	100	40	60	22,750	10,685	12,065	240	140	105
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	150	95	55
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	300	180	120
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	120	55	60
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	150	70	80
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	80	25	60
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	160	70	90
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	335	160	170
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	330	140	195
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	80	40	40
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	225	115	110
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	780	380	400
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	70	45	30
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	100	55	50	16,100	8,300	7,800	395	205	190
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	20	10	10	13,225	6,465	6,765	585	255	330
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	385	180	210
Haitian	930	475	455	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	30	15	15
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	100	45	55
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	115	50	65
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	265	165	95
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	430	225	200
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	190	95	95
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	20	10	0
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	220	120	105
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	165	60	100
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	60	30	25
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	20	0	15
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	310	150	160
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	50	25	25	6,465	3,345	3,120	70	35	35
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	55	30	30
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	85	60	25
Tamil	1,370	710	665	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	260	125	135
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	40	10	25
Moroccan	880	425	460	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	335	190	145
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	50	20	25
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	15	10	10
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	0	0	0
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	25	10	15
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	10	0	10
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	50	35	15
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	40	10	30
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	40	15	25
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	25	20	10
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	25	10	15
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	50	35	15
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	0	0	0
Algerian	645	320	320	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	20	10	0
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	50	40	15
Armenian	925	495	430	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	25	15	15
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	135	40	95
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	125	50	80
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	0	0	0
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	35	15	30
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	30	10	20
African Caribbean	930	495	430	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	45	25	15
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	45	30	10
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	0	0	0
Algonquin	380	165	220	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	0	0	0	975	430	540	10	10	0
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	60	55	0
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	75	40	35
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	125	45	75
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	45	25	20
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	60	40	20
Congolese	1,045	500	545	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	20	10	10
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	45	20	25
Berber	405	225	175	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	0	0	0
Maltese	505	230	275	0	0	0	745	370	380	30	15	10
Macedonian	385	185	200	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	100	35	65
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	70	45	25
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	0	0	0	535	215	320	15	0	10
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	0	0	0
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	0	0	0
African Canadian	940	465	475	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	1,095	565	525	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	0	0	0
Mohawk	500	300	200	0	0	0	650	375	275	15	10	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	205	150	65
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	0	0	0
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	215	110	105
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	25	20	10
Barbadian	640	310	330	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	935	435	495	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	50	25	20
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	40	20	20
Tunisian	300	150	155	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	20	10	10
Cuban	830	395	435	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	25	10	15
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	1,025	485	540	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	40	30	10
Bengali	1,200	585	610	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	20	10	10
Cameroonian	930	485	450	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	30	10	20
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	55	20	40
Laotian	1,015	505	510	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	20	10	10
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	0	0	0
Northern Irish	920	445	475	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	80	55	30
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	50	10	40
British Columbian	520	295	225	0	0	0	660	370	290	10	0	10
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	20	10	15
Estonian	980	480	500	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	25	0	20
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	20	10	0
Fijian	1,145	525	620	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	0	0	0	940	490	450	30	15	20
Coptic	440	225	215	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	1,185	370	810	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	25	0	20
Dominican	405	245	160	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	420	215	200	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	0	0	0
Byelorussian	730	350	380	0	0	0	855	420	440	35	25	10
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	20	0	20
Abenaki	50	20	25	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	990	545	445	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	30	15	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0	0	0	315	145	170	20	10	10
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	35	20	15
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	40	30	10	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	0	0	0	525	190	340	20	0	15
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	25	15	10
Plains Cree	200	100	95	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	0	0	0	505	250	250	20	10	10
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	60	25	30
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	0	0	0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	145	100	45	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	210	110	105	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	280	120	160	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	150	70	85	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	0	0	0	990	465	525	15	0	15
Mauritian	450	190	255	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	175	65	110	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	445	220	225	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	460	245	210	0	0	0	700	360	340	30	20	10
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	280	150	130	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	225	90	135	0	0	0	250	100	150	0	0	0
Malayali	665	375	290	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	165	80	85	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	555	255	305	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	575	310	270	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	340	150	185	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	545	255	285	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	420	190	235	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	140	100	35	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	0	0	0	670	350	320	0	0	0
Sicilian	110	35	70	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	820	420	400	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	790	340	450	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	350	185	165	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	790	415	375	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	0	0	0	775	345	430	30	15	15
Burmese	540	250	285	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	985	455	535	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	0	0	0
Azorean	70	25	45	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	105	60	45	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	300	145	150	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	1,560	875	685	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	795	425	375	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	555	280	275	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	70	35	40	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	445	255	190	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	175	80	90	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	85	40	45	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	1,195	560	625	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	65	25	35	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	155	80	70	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	230	90	140	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	145	75	70	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	255	135	120	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	200	95	100	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	180	95	85	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	820	405	415	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	325	120	205	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	390	195	195	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	605	340	265	0	0	0	665	370	295	0	0	0
Tajik	280	130	145	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	810	435	380	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	100	30	70	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	1,030	510	525	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	40,465	20,650	19,815
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	30	20	10	22,425	9,955	12,470	160	80	80
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	260	115	145	713,465	336,705	376,760	19,940	9,875	10,065
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	40	20	20	153,665	73,675	79,985	4,550	2,270	2,280
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	95	40	55
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	1,500	715	785
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	500	245	260
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	185	70	110	312,410	149,290	163,120	6,845	3,450	3,395
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340	275	125	150
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	100	45	50
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	365	180	180
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	925	475	450
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	115	45	70
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	145	70	80
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	360	165	185
Reformed	1,250	600	655	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	200	105	90
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	0	0	0	51,720	22,415	29,305	2,340	1,135	1,205
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	10	10	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	1,635	800	840
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	55	35	20	35,335	18,180	17,155	260	125	135
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	180	60	125
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	165	75	90	101,285	51,675	49,610	865	450	415
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	315	165	150	56,230	28,325	27,905	1,805	905	900
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	25	15	10
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	190	85	105
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	200	105	100	623,560	328,795	294,765	17,035	9,055	7,985
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	1,030	505	520	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	40,260	20,535	19,725
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	960	470	495	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	36,720	18,825	17,900
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	65	40	30	209,550	104,275	105,275	3,535	1,715	1,825
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	55	30	20	147,415	73,505	73,910	1,640	785	860
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	15	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	1,890	925	965
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	10	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	1,645	805	835
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	10	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	1,345	665	680
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	300	145	155
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	250	115	130
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	1,000	495	510	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	39,035	19,925	19,110
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	825	385	435	863,155	429,060	434,095	26,575	13,720	12,855
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	175	105	75	619,175	307,300	311,880	12,455	6,205	6,250
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	135	75	65	363,260	181,560	181,700	1,670	890	775
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	40	30	10	255,920	125,740	130,180	10,785	5,315	5,475
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	20	20	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	10,120	4,995	5,125
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	15	15	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	9,185	4,545	4,640
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	0	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	935	450	485
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	25	10	10	78,500	38,320	40,180	665	315	350
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	33,440	16,975	16,465
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	210	85	120	182,850	95,955	86,895	4,530	2,705	1,830
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	650	340	315	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	28,910	14,275	14,635
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	575	280	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	21,080	10,410	10,665
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	115	50	65	79,025	43,715	35,310	1,490	915	580
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	460	225	230	807,620	393,985	413,640	19,585	9,495	10,090
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	33,445	16,980	16,465
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	190	75	115	163,710	84,360	79,350	3,945	2,265	1,680
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	245	130	110	339,400	169,445	169,950	8,870	4,105	4,765
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	425	220	205	775,265	377,350	397,915	20,625	10,605	10,020
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	240	125	115	348,595	174,345	174,250	9,995	5,240	4,755
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	60	45	15	84,805	63,760	21,050	2,885	2,265	620
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	35	25	10	29,285	16,610	12,680	770	385	385
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	25	25	0	55,525	47,150	8,375	2,115	1,885	235
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	140	50	90	221,065	92,585	128,480	6,255	2,610	3,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	35	30	0	42,725	18,000	24,720	855	360	495
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	185	95	95	426,670	203,005	223,660	10,635	5,360	5,270
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	135	75	60	294,610	137,240	157,375	7,130	3,415	3,715
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	15	10	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	520	220	295
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	515	310	210
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	30	0	20	86,005	42,875	43,130	2,135	1,185	945
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	335	240	100
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	570	280	295	886,650	437,700	448,950	21,075	10,410	10,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	105	45	55	66,625	36,450	30,175	1,185	685	505
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	125	60	65	197,715	102,665	95,045	4,825	2,290	2,530
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	340	175	170	622,315	298,585	323,730	15,065	7,435	7,630
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	195	105	90	266,590	133,640	132,950	7,230	3,735	3,495
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	45	35	10	63,270	48,090	15,175	2,045	1,615	430
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	20	15	10	20,715	12,025	8,685	505	255	250
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	20	20	0	42,560	36,060	6,495	1,535	1,355	180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	120	40	80	170,270	71,565	98,700	4,595	1,865	2,725
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	25	30	0	33,050	13,985	19,070	595	255	345
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	150	65	80	355,720	164,940	190,775	7,835	3,705	4,135
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	110	60	55	244,340	111,530	132,810	5,260	2,355	2,905
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	360	140	220
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	390	215	180
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	30	0	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	1,610	850	765
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	210	140	70
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	860	420	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	33,440	16,975	16,465
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	435	210	225	503,110	253,805	249,305	12,815	6,375	6,440
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	1,290	250	1,040
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	20	0	20	46,605	10,200	36,405	1,290	250	1,040
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	10	0	10	23,385	9,460	13,925	365	90	275
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	35	20	15
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	10	0	10	20,825	7,530	13,295	330	65	260
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	50	20	30	34,000	12,365	21,635	700	230	465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940	30	0	25
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	10	0	10	7,415	1,915	5,495	155	20	140
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	30	15	15	11,560	4,095	7,460	250	80	170
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	65	50	15
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	110	50	65
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	65	30	40
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	0	0	0	830	165	665	25	0	20
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	45	15	35	83,860	28,790	55,065	1,890	715	1,175
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	20	0	15
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	200	90	115
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	215	10	205
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	440	175	270
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	45	25	20
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	285	60	230
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	25	10	10	30,700	14,865	15,830	680	360	325
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	80	40	40	177,710	75,825	101,885	4,740	2,060	2,680
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	135	30	105
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	75	35	40	168,935	74,160	94,770	4,595	2,020	2,575
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	10	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	1,240	675	570
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	380	130	240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	290	165	120
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	0	0	0	665	260	410	30	0	25
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	500	350	150
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	40	15	30
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	15	10	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	665	465	200
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	15	10	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	535	405	130
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	30	0	30
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	85	45	35
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	0	0	0	730	485	250	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	110	105	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	5,160	4,635	525
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	135	105	35
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	45	40	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	1,565	1,275	295
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	25	25	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	1,070	925	145
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835	930	910	25
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	960	945	15
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	20	20	0	11,885	11,515	375	500	485	15
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	0	0	0	15,905	7,900	8,005	830	485	340
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	0	0	0	10,210	5,025	5,180	635	365	270
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	190	120	70
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	70	10	55	111,080	22,865	88,215	2,900	650	2,245
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	235	95	140
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	65	0	55	98,680	16,900	81,780	2,500	460	2,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0	0	0	180	75	110	20	15	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	145	85	55
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	20	15	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	850	355	500
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	10	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	490	75	420
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	200	120	80
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	155	155	0
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	575	275	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	21,075	10,410	10,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	230	105	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	6,010	2,975	3,035
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	775	115	665
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	10	0	10	33,450	6,965	26,475	775	115	665
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	270	60	210
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	15	10	10
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	255	55	200
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	40	15	30	26,945	9,460	17,490	505	160	350
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	15	0	15	6,035	1,555	4,480	125	15	110
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	25	15	20	9,440	3,220	6,225	185	65	120
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	40	30	10
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	75	35	45
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	45	15	30
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	0	0	0	595	105	490	15	0	15
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	35	0	30	69,810	23,220	46,590	1,495	515	980
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	185	75	110
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185	175	10	160
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	370	130	240
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	35	25	15
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	215	35	180
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	10	0	10	25,655	12,155	13,505	510	240	270
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	70	35	35	145,930	61,450	84,480	3,710	1,555	2,155
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	100	15	85
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	70	35	35	138,835	60,195	78,640	3,610	1,540	2,065
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	790	385	405
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	230	80	150
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	190	95	95
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	0	0	0	555	215	340	25	0	25
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	310	195	120
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	35	10	20
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	550	405	145
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	460	350	110
25. Library science	900	120	780	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	25	0	25
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	60	45	10
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	0	0	0	600	380	225	15	15	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	100	85	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	3,590	3,175	415
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	90	55	30
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	35	30	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	1,060	825	240
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	25	20	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	750	640	110
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	20	20	0	21,755	21,035	720	685	665	20
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	630	620	0
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	10	10	0	8,785	8,485	305	370	365	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	0	0	0	12,720	5,985	6,735	615	315	295
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	0	0	0	7,810	3,590	4,220	465	235	230
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	145	80	65
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	50	0	40	88,715	18,735	69,980	2,130	485	1,645
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	155	65	95
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	40	0	40	78,745	14,010	64,730	1,865	355	1,515
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0	0	0	145	60	80	15	15	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	95	60	40
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	20	15	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	625	260	365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	10	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	340	45	295
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	160	90	65
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	120	120	0
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	575	275	290	886,650	437,700	448,950	21,075	10,410	10,665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	230	105	120	264,340	139,115	125,220	6,010	2,975	3,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	345	170	175	622,310	298,585	323,730	15,065	7,435	7,630
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	235	120	120	455,590	220,680	234,910	12,820	6,345	6,475
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	200	90	110	328,175	157,540	170,630	9,195	4,505	4,680
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	35	25	15	127,410	63,135	64,275	3,625	1,840	1,790
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	105	50	55	166,725	77,905	88,820	2,245	1,095	1,155
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	10	0	10	28,670	14,305	14,360	690	325	365
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	10	0	10	17,465	9,425	8,040	605	295	315
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	30	0	20
Cuba	235	135	95	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	75	45	30	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	400	175	230	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	1,555	665	890	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	0	0	0
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	10	0	10
Peru	365	140	225	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	15	10	10
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	20	15	10
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	820	450	375
Belgium	170	100	70	0	0	0	220	130	90	25	10	0
France	1,155	600	555	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	10	0	0
Germany	925	515	405	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	60	35	25
Netherlands	600	315	285	0	0	0	795	430	370	50	30	20
Switzerland	280	150	130	0	0	0	415	220	190	25	15	10
Hungary	330	165	165	0	0	0	380	180	205	20	0	15
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	0	0	0	630	295	335	15	0	10
Poland	1,375	540	835	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	20	10	15
Romania	1,725	935	795	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	20	10	15
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	25	10	15
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	25	10	15
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	0	0	0	930	570	355	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	450	265	185
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	315	170	140	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	50	20	30
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	75	50	20
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	20	15	10
Algeria	330	170	160	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	380	205	175	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	180	110	70	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	1,610	825	785	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	45	30	10
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	0	0	0
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	90	50	40	91,990	39,695	52,295	580	215	365
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	20	15	10
Iraq	895	440	455	0	0	0	920	450	465	0	0	0
Israel	385	210	175	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	590	275	315	0	0	0	640	300	335	15	15	0
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	385	235	155	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	140	50	85
Taiwan	565	140	430	0	0	0	585	145	440	10	0	10
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	995	270	720	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	10	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	20	0	15
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	15	10	0	30,585	12,115	18,470	45	0	40
Viet Nam	810	315	495	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	15	0	10
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	70	40	30	25,005	11,780	13,225	190	80	115
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	60	30	30
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	50	10	35
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	80	55	25
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	75	50	25
New Zealand	480	255	230	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	860	425	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	33,445	16,980	16,465
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	565	295	275	882,705	463,170	419,540	21,885	11,950	9,935
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	465	245	225	776,015	408,675	367,335	19,850	10,765	9,085
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	100	50	50	106,695	54,490	52,205	2,040	1,180	860
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	295	130	165	395,665	167,985	227,680	11,560	5,030	6,530
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	65.7	69.4	63.2	69.0	73.4	64.8	65.4	70.4	60.3
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	54.1	57.6	51.7	60.7	64.8	56.8	59.4	63.4	55.2
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	17.7	16.9	18.2	12.1	11.8	12.4	9.3	9.9	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	860	420	435	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	33,445	16,975	16,465
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	340	140	200	422,665	183,645	239,020	11,665	5,185	6,480
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	520	285	240	855,710	447,510	408,200	21,780	11,795	9,990
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	270	135	135	450,195	257,535	192,655	11,595	7,050	4,545
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	255	155	95	405,520	189,970	215,550	10,190	4,745	5,445
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	40.0	39.0	41.0	40.7	41.5	39.8	41.1	42.3	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	21,885	11,945	9,935
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	585	305	275
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	21,300	11,640	9,660
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	450	220	235	715,140	365,090	350,050	14,890	7,740	7,150
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	350	165	190	600,125	311,480	288,645	12,215	6,525	5,690
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	100	55	40	115,020	53,615	61,405	2,675	1,215	1,465
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	30	10	20	37,760	16,790	20,970	580	240	335
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	70	45	20	77,260	36,820	40,435	2,100	970	1,130
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	90	65	25	138,550	84,060	54,500	6,410	3,905	2,510
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	21,885	11,945	9,935
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	585	305	275
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	21,300	11,640	9,660
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	875	700	175
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	60	20	35	161,170	53,245	107,930	4,270	1,275	3,000
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	50	35	15	94,565	72,340	22,225	2,085	1,545	540
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	40	0	35	69,305	13,810	55,490	1,750	500	1,250
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	35	15	25	92,850	30,655	62,195	1,985	760	1,220
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	510	175	335
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	210	90	120	209,115	94,840	114,280	3,890	1,755	2,140
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	120	110	10	147,375	132,085	15,290	3,690	3,330	365
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	1,745	1,225	525
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	15	10	10	25,565	19,070	6,490	485	375	110
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	565	290	270	882,710	463,165	419,540	21,885	11,945	9,935
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	25	10	15	29,010	14,020	14,995	585	305	275
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	540	290	255	853,695	449,150	404,550	21,300	11,640	9,660
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	1,225	740	485
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	20	0	15	39,750	26,465	13,290	1,405	1,010	395
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	270	160	110
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	45	45	0	75,665	63,720	11,945	2,350	1,875	470
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	10	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295	865	575	290
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	0	0	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	760	480	275
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	85	45	45	96,885	46,555	50,330	1,820	825	990
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	55	45	10	56,135	40,670	15,470	1,080	785	300
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	220	140	80
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	25	10	15	30,760	13,930	16,825	805	365	435
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	15	15	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	545	330	220
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	40	35	10	96,185	55,190	40,995	2,545	1,415	1,125
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	135	85	55
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	30	20	10	37,790	21,285	16,510	960	555	400
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	25	10	10	55,510	16,805	38,700	1,045	225	820
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	45	0	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	2,150	515	1,635
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	20	0	20	17,830	8,980	8,850	565	265	295
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	65	30	40	49,900	22,440	27,460	815	330	485
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	30	10	15	37,065	16,090	20,975	935	495	440
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	25	25	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	815	465	345
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	23,585	12,720	10,865
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	530	270	255	878,705	460,305	418,400	22,890	12,385	10,505
French	1,020	295	725	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	35	0	30
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	25	15	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	95	45	50
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	25	15	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	95	45	50
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	145	50	95
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	35	25	0	30,355	15,535	14,825	415	235	180
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	0	0	0	740	340	405	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	23,585	12,720	10,865
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	590	315	275	919,325	479,835	439,490	23,465	12,655	10,815
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	555	285	265	906,220	473,040	433,180	23,295	12,565	10,730
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	555	285	265	903,745	472,395	431,350	23,245	12,560	10,685
French	2,040	595	1,445	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	50	0	45
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	40	30	10	13,105	6,795	6,310	170	85	85
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	40	30	10	13,090	6,795	6,300	170	85	85
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	35	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	315	165	150	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	780	295	485	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	35	25	10	5,395	2,930	2,465	120	65	50
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	175	75	100	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	35	25	10	3,355	2,015	1,345	75	35	35
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	35	25	10	3,220	1,960	1,260	75	35	35
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	110	60	45	0	0	0	130	80	50	15	10	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	30	20	10	2,745	1,740	1,005	60	30	30
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	125	50	70	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	35	25	15
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	50	30	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	40	25	15	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	1,150	475	670	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	30	20	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	775	435	345	0	0	0	810	445	365	10	0	10
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	35	15	25
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	35	15	25
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	25	0	20
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	10	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	0	30	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375	120	70	55
English and French	805	365	435	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	15	0	15
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695	105	70	35
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	590	315	275	926,320	483,455	442,860	23,585	12,720	10,865
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	550	285	265	893,045	467,350	425,695	23,120	12,495	10,630
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	10	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	80	30	50
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	110	50	65
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	15	15	0	17,585	8,825	8,760	200	100	100
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	15	15	0	17,465	8,780	8,690	195	100	90
English and French	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	0	0	0	660	330	335	15	10	0
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	0	0	0	500	245	255	10	0	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	45	35	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	470	245	225	776,010	408,680	367,335	19,850	10,765	9,080
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	80	45	35	215,520	105,290	110,230	6,895	3,370	3,525
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	60	40	20
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	70	60	10	113,260	83,885	29,375	2,945	2,170	780
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	310	135	175	444,410	217,405	227,005	9,950	5,195	4,760
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	315	135	175	444,410	217,405	227,005	9,950	5,190	4,760
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	275	110	165	361,065	170,000	191,065	2,185	1,120	1,060
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	40	30	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	7,240	3,730	3,510
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	365	225	145
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	165	120	45
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	12,895	7,360	5,535
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	340	180	165	473,465	261,055	212,410	12,035	6,820	5,210
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	335	175	165	441,645	249,990	191,655	11,565	6,660	4,900
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	10	10	0	31,820	11,060	20,755	470	165	310
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	25	0	25	40,930	17,775	23,165	140	100	40
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	335	180	155
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	35	30	0
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	10	10	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	350	225	120
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	12,895	7,360	5,535
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	55	25	25	128,460	58,155	70,310	2,205	1,070	1,135
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	200	115	80	242,460	130,855	111,610	4,625	2,465	2,160
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	105	45	55	125,765	75,100	50,660	4,035	2,475	1,565
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	25	10	20	31,050	18,505	12,545	1,260	810	450
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265	775	545	230
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	385	200	190	557,670	301,290	256,380	12,895	7,360	5,535
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	25	15	10	37,665	27,280	10,390	830	650	185
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	50	25	25	100,900	63,500	37,400	2,520	1,730	795
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	65	30	35	143,455	75,755	67,700	3,770	2,160	1,610
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	75	35	45	105,095	50,620	54,475	2,550	1,350	1,200
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	70	35	40	79,595	35,415	44,180	1,860	770	1,085
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	100	65	35	90,950	48,715	42,230	1,360	705	655
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	200	100	95	356,225	183,250	172,980	9,110	4,770	4,340
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	5	5	5	25,335	12,890	12,445	635	335	300
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	190	95	95	330,890	170,360	160,535	8,475	4,435	4,040
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	165	80	80	259,535	133,590	125,945	7,490	3,955	3,535
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	5	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	520	270	250
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	5	5	0	9,575	4,670	4,910	220	115	105
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	300	155	150
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	155	75	80	240,640	123,965	116,675	6,970	3,685	3,285

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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