Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			48061337More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	416	...	...	1,590,639	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	161	...	...	638,160	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	160	...	...	604,628	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	2,685.6	...	...	126.1	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	0.15	...	...	12,614.18	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	415	210	210	1,590,640	790,320	800,320
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	65	30	35	294,075	151,285	142,785
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	10	5	5	89,790	46,155	43,630
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	30	15	20	100,905	51,680	49,225
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	30	15	15	103,380	53,450	49,930
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	235	120	120	1,074,770	535,540	539,230
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	20	10	10	92,025	47,355	44,675
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	20	15	10	91,515	47,260	44,260
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	10	5	5	101,235	50,320	50,915
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	10	10	5	123,235	60,255	62,980
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	15	5	5	132,045	64,950	67,095
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	25	10	15	121,735	60,110	61,625
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	35	15	15	111,345	55,485	55,860
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	20	10	15	103,325	51,835	51,490
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	40	15	25	101,580	50,260	51,320
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	30	15	15	96,735	47,710	49,020
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	115	55	60	221,795	103,495	118,300
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	40	20	15	78,095	38,250	39,845
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	35	10	20	58,785	28,310	30,475
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	20	10	10	36,570	17,235	19,340
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	15	10	5	23,750	10,405	13,350
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	10	5	5	24,595	9,300	15,290
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	5	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	5	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210
100 years and over	195	45	155	0	0	0	225	45	180
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	15.7	14.3	16.7	18.5	19.1	17.8
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	56.6	57.1	57.1	67.6	67.8	67.4
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	27.7	26.2	28.6	13.9	13.1	14.8
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	2.4	2.4	2.4	1.5	1.2	1.9
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	46.8	46.8	46.8	38.9	38.3	39.6
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	50.4	50.8	50.4	38.4	38.0	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	160	...	...	604,630	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	160	...	...	351,925	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	0	...	...	57,180	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	160	...	...	604,630	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	20	...	...	151,770	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	80	...	...	196,980	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	25	...	...	96,165	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	30	...	...	97,780	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	10	...	...	61,930	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	420	205	210	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	350	175	175	1,296,570	639,035	657,530
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	265	130	135	773,480	387,015	386,465
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	250	120	125	657,160	328,650	328,510
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	20	10	10	116,320	58,365	57,960
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	10	5	5	87,265	43,935	43,330
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	10	5	5	23,185	11,490	11,690
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	85	45	40	523,090	252,020	271,065
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	65	40	25	364,145	197,890	166,255
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	0	0	0	29,375	12,665	16,710
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	10	0	5	79,920	30,945	48,970
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	10	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	135	...	...	438,900	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	75	...	...	204,395	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	25	...	...	94,815	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	30	...	...	97,660	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	5	...	...	42,025	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	140	...	...	438,900	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	135	...	...	377,050	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	125	...	...	318,890	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	60	...	...	190,345	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	65	...	...	128,545	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	10	...	...	58,160	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	0	...	...	19,165	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	10	...	...	38,995	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	10	...	...	61,850	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	5	...	...	47,785	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	0	...	...	14,065	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	420	205	210	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	390	195	195	1,308,650	651,540	657,110
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	265	130	130	754,090	377,085	377,010
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	5	0	5	61,855	14,065	47,790
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	120	60	55	492,710	260,395	232,315
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	115	55	55	396,580	208,580	188,000
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	10	5	5	96,130	51,815	44,315
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	25	10	15	263,280	130,670	132,615
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	20	10	10	151,765	71,605	80,165
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	0	0	0	40,060	17,085	22,975
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	5	5	0	71,460	41,975	29,480
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	160	...	...	604,630	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	135	...	...	375,185	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	130	...	...	328,515	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	60	...	...	182,665	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	70	...	...	145,845	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	5	...	...	46,670	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	0	...	...	20,165	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	0	...	...	22,485	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	0	...	...	30,295	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	20	...	...	151,765	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	350	175	175	1,278,370	631,180	647,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	335	170	165	1,214,945	600,280	614,665
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	55,200	73,500	46,000	44,800	52,400	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	335	170	165	1,215,665	600,680	614,980
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	48,400	62,800	41,600	40,400	46,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	320	165	160	1,105,625	556,335	549,290
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	48,400	65,000	40,000	40,800	50,000	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	215	120	100	922,195	474,800	447,395
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	42,000	49,600	40,800	42,400	50,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	285	145	135	1,061,305	515,795	545,510
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	8,700	9,000	8,700	7,600	5,600	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	15	10	5	136,975	64,415	72,555
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	x	x	x	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	65	30	30	384,535	184,820	199,710
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	320	160	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	310	160	155	1,214,380	599,940	614,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	97,000	140,000	51,000	65,500	78,400	52,850
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	310	160	155	1,215,100	600,300	614,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	74,500	104,000	44,000	53,050	61,750	44,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	305	160	150	1,105,945	556,435	549,510
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	88,000	132,000	42,000	62,300	76,300	48,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	180	110	75	922,200	475,075	447,125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	110,000	144,000	58,000	60,800	73,200	47,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	270	130	140	1,060,140	515,090	545,050
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	10,900	10,400	11,400	10,020	8,930	11,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	0	0	0	136,685	64,550	72,135
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	...	...	...	7,070	6,620	7,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	40	20	25	383,100	184,610	198,485
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	8,800	10,000	7,600	9,270	9,160	9,380
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	315	155	160	1,278,370	631,155	647,215
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	90	70	25	432,255	245,295	186,965
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	124,000	125,000	x	73,000	80,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	184,000	210,000	120,000	94,000	107,000	76,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	55	0	40	374,345	173,060	201,290
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	17,800	...	24,000	20,400	23,400	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	48,000	...	31,000	33,960	40,480	28,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	90.0	92.0	80.0	86.6	90.2	81.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	67.0	72.0	56.0	70.6	74.0	65.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	9.8	6.2	21.0	13.4	9.8	18.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	x	x	...	1.2	0.9	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	1.5	1.0	2.8	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	1.3	0.9	2.4	4.5	3.6	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	350	175	175	1,278,375	631,180	647,190
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	15	5	5	63,430	30,900	32,525
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	335	170	165	1,214,950	600,280	614,670
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	25	10	15	107,500	44,415	63,085
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	35	20	20	115,465	47,780	67,690
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	35	15	25	178,230	78,800	99,430
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	30	10	20	142,910	61,170	81,740
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	25	10	15	122,655	55,960	66,690
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	25	10	10	101,530	48,280	53,245
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	20	15	10	85,080	42,725	42,355
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	15	10	10	68,705	36,885	31,825
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	30	15	10	53,900	30,515	23,385
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	10	5	5	45,345	25,570	19,775
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	85	55	30	193,625	128,165	65,460
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	35	15	20	113,250	69,295	43,955
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	50	40	10	80,375	58,870	21,505
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	350	175	175	1,278,375	631,180	647,190
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	15	5	5	62,710	30,505	32,210
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	335	170	165	1,215,660	600,680	614,985
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	25	5	15	112,205	46,185	66,020
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	35	20	15	120,545	50,115	70,430
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	40	15	25	201,940	89,680	112,255
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	35	15	20	166,565	73,405	93,160
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	35	15	20	143,135	67,430	75,705
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	25	10	10	114,565	57,190	57,380
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	20	15	10	87,375	47,045	40,330
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	30	20	10	65,115	36,810	28,305
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	10	5	10	51,690	28,935	22,760
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	10	5	5	35,160	21,215	13,945
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	65	45	20	117,360	82,665	34,700
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	20	15	10	48,950	32,240	16,710
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	45	30	10	68,410	50,430	17,985
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	350	175	175	1,278,375	631,180	647,190
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	130	55	80	356,175	156,380	199,795
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	220	120	100	922,200	474,800	447,395
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	35	25	15	116,020	54,130	61,895
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	25	10	15	73,350	31,190	42,165
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	25	15	10	101,970	44,705	57,260
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	10	0	5	78,390	35,640	42,745
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	10	5	0	73,695	34,455	39,235
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	15	5	10	71,335	34,515	36,815
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	5	5	0	67,050	32,805	34,245
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	10	5	5	60,120	30,900	29,220
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	5	0	0	49,420	27,665	21,750
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	10	5	5	40,555	23,400	17,160
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	5	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	65	45	25	153,280	104,755	48,525
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	20	10	10	61,175	36,970	24,210
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	50	35	10	92,100	67,780	24,320
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	350	175	175	1,278,370	631,180	647,195
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	335	165	165	1,186,950	585,375	601,575
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	56,800	73,000	46,800	44,400	53,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	335	165	165	1,187,385	585,475	601,910
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	49,600	61,600	39,600	40,000	46,400	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	325	165	160	1,090,850	548,795	542,060
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	48,800	67,000	39,600	43,600	52,800	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	220	120	100	923,490	475,205	448,285
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	46,400	53,200	44,400	44,800	53,600	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	275	140	135	1,003,255	489,055	514,200
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	2,240	1,060	5,360	1,190	960	3,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	5	5	5	85,480	38,765	46,720
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	x	x	x	6,450	5,680	7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	320	160	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	310	160	155	1,186,410	585,100	601,310
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	102,000	144,000	57,000	65,500	80,000	51,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	310	160	155	1,186,820	585,185	601,635
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	77,000	106,000	47,000	52,650	62,600	43,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	305	160	150	1,091,545	549,110	542,435
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	95,000	138,000	49,000	65,600	80,800	50,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	200	115	80	923,490	475,385	448,110
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	116,000	156,000	59,000	64,100	77,600	49,760
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	265	135	130	1,003,375	489,190	514,180
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	9,700	8,600	10,800	6,130	5,076	7,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	20	0	0	84,820	38,275	46,545
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	12,000	...	...	8,200	7,120	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	315	155	160	1,278,370	631,155	647,215
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	90	70	25	428,265	243,165	185,105
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	117,000	136,000	x	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	196,000	230,000	110,000	92,000	105,800	74,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	50	0	35	353,070	163,500	189,570
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	38,400	...	58,400	28,800	33,200	25,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	60,000	...	48,000	43,720	53,050	35,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	92.0	96.0	84.0	92.0	94.6	88.2
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	72.0	78.0	56.0	76.2	78.8	72.2
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	8.0	5.0	16.0	7.9	5.3	11.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	0.6	x	x	0.9	0.6	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	160	...	...	604,630	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	139,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	118,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	20	...	...	151,765	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	75,500	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	64,500	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	140	...	...	452,860	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	156,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	129,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	196,000	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	152,000	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	0	...	...	151,830	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	...	...	...	67,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	x	...	...	55,250	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	140	...	...	452,795	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	208,000	...	...	152,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	158,000	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	160	...	...	604,630	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	0	...	...	6,730	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	0	...	...	6,245	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	0	...	...	16,055	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	0	...	...	16,860	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	0	...	...	14,380	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	0	...	...	16,415	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	0	...	...	17,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	0	...	...	17,750	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	5	...	...	36,405	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	0	...	...	37,740	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	5	...	...	37,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	10	...	...	35,705	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	10	...	...	34,355	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	105	...	...	303,255	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	15	...	...	74,975	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	15	...	...	58,215	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	30	...	...	76,310	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	45	...	...	93,755	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	160	...	...	604,630	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	0	...	...	7,625	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	0	...	...	6,745	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	0	...	...	17,335	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	0	...	...	19,015	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	0	...	...	16,770	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	0	...	...	19,345	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	5	...	...	21,320	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	5	...	...	21,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	5	...	...	44,695	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	10	...	...	45,520	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	15	...	...	44,095	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	10	...	...	42,705	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	10	...	...	38,715	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	95	...	...	251,600	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	20	...	...	78,970	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	15	...	...	56,565	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	60	...	...	116,060	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	140	...	...	431,155	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	156,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	129,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	70	...	...	151,045	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	126,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	60	...	...	209,715	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	198,000	...	...	144,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	164,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	5	...	...	56,700	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	25	10	15	223,225	113,580	109,645
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	72,000	x	x	44,400	46,000	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	60,800	x	x	40,000	40,800	38,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	140	...	...	431,010	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	208,000	...	...	153,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	158,000	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	90	...	...	151,205	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	180,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	138,000	...	...	113,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	45	...	...	209,670	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	240,000	...	...	180,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	185,000	...	...	144,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	0	...	...	56,445	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	...	...	...	90,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	x	...	...	78,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	0	0	0	223,320	113,715	109,605
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	x	...	x	60,050	61,950	58,050
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	x	...	x	49,640	50,640	48,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	415	205	210	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	75	40	45	349,785	179,925	169,860
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	10	5	10	109,785	56,290	53,495
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	220	110	110	1,013,015	502,890	510,125
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	115	55	55	209,135	99,390	109,740
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	20	10	10	134,160	64,550	69,610
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	5	5	0	35,370	18,260	17,110
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	0	0	0	11,490	5,880	5,610
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	15	5	5	78,110	37,880	40,225
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	0	0	0	20,680	8,400	12,270
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	4.5	5.0	4.0	8.5	8.3	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	x	x	x	10.1	10.2	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	x	x	x	10.5	10.5	10.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	6.0	5.0	6.0	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	x	x	x	9.9	8.5	11.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	415	205	210	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	75	35	40	349,790	179,930	169,855
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	15	5	5	109,785	56,290	53,500
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	225	115	115	1,013,015	502,890	510,130
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	115	60	55	209,130	99,390	109,740
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	15	10	10	81,680	42,310	39,370
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	5	5	0	18,085	9,305	8,780
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	10	5	10	57,155	29,990	27,170
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	0	0	0	6,440	3,015	3,420
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	4.0	5.0	3.0	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	x	x	x	5.2	5.2	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	5.0	4.0	5.0	5.6	6.0	5.3
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	415	210	210	1,571,935	782,210	789,725
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	100	50	50	673,690	328,825	344,865
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	20	10	10	124,250	62,485	61,770
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	15	5	5	132,700	62,320	70,380
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	0	0	0	133,855	64,900	68,960
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	20	10	10	138,980	68,120	70,855
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	40	20	20	143,905	71,000	72,900
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	315	155	160	898,245	453,385	444,865
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	15	10	10	150,845	75,135	75,710
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	40	20	20	155,985	78,075	77,910
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	50	25	25	164,975	82,995	81,980
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	80	35	40	181,315	91,520	89,795
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	135	65	70	245,130	125,660	119,470
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	415	...	...	1,571,935	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.344	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.406	...	...	0.467	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.299	...	...	0.326	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	415	205	210	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	390	200	195	1,440,365	723,615	716,745
French only	825	350	480	0	0	0	980	425	555
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	25	10	15	103,090	47,140	55,945
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	0	0	0	34,235	13,810	20,420
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	415	205	210	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	415	205	205	1,517,390	757,800	759,590
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	0	0	0	20,675	10,250	10,425
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	0	0	0	33,340	13,355	19,985
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	415	205	210	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	410	205	210	1,505,615	749,475	756,135
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	390	200	190	1,090,565	550,685	539,875
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	390	200	190	1,070,475	540,715	529,760
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	0	0	0	20,090	9,970	10,115
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	25	5	20	415,050	198,790	216,260
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	0	0	0	645	270	380
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	0	0	0	445	180	265
Blackfoot	175	80	90	0	0	0	180	90	90
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	205	75	125
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	205	75	125
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	0	0	0	50	20	35
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0	0	0	130	55	80
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	0	0	0	55	15	40
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	0	0	0	50	15	35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	0	0	0	25	5	15
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	50	30	20
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	0	0	0	90	30	60
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	15
Stoney	60	20	40	0	0	0	65	25	40
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	25	5	20	414,405	198,525	215,885
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	0	0	0	35,495	18,255	17,240
Berber languages	125	70	55	0	0	0	135	75	65
Kabyle	90	45	45	0	0	0	100	50	50
Tamazight	30	20	10	0	0	0	30	20	10
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20
Hausa	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Coptic	30	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600
Bilen	170	85	85	0	0	0	170	85	85
Oromo	1,370	685	685	0	0	0	1,395	700	700
Somali	1,600	795	805	0	0	0	1,615	800	815
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0	25	20	5
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	0	0	0	32,085	16,545	15,535
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	0	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	0	0	0	21,355	11,215	10,145
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	0	0	0	660	325	340
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	0	0	0	350	175	170
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	0	0	0	220	105	115
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0	95	40	55
Harari	40	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	20
Hebrew	455	225	230	0	0	0	480	240	240
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	0	0	0	4,965	2,545	2,420
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	0	0	0	870	400	465
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	0	0	0	110	60	50
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	0	0	0	55,755	24,650	31,110
Bikol	195	85	110	0	0	0	235	105	130
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	0	0	0	970	415	555
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0	55	25	25
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	0	0	0	1,070	460	610
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980
Indonesian	665	270	395	0	0	0	700	280	420
Kankanaey	190	80	110	0	0	0	195	80	115
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	0	0	0	90	40	50
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	30	15	10
Merina	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Malay	135	65	70	0	0	0	145	70	80
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	0	0	0	510	240	265
Pangasinan	195	95	100	0	0	0	210	100	115
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	0	0	0	45,300	20,005	25,290
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	0	0	0	165	80	85
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	0	0	0	465	195	270
Creole languages	560	275	285	0	0	0	605	300	310
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	0	0	0	180	85	95
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Krio	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	30	30
Morisyen	95	50	50	0	0	0	105	50	55
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	0	0	0	150	75	75
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0	90	50	45
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280
Kannada	355	180	175	0	0	0	355	180	180
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060
Telugu	1,255	660	595	0	0	0	1,295	685	610
Tulu	50	25	30	0	0	0	50	20	25
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15
Georgian	120	70	55	0	0	0	120	70	55
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	20	5	15	203,750	100,055	103,695
Albanian	1,330	695	630	0	0	0	1,375	725	650
Armenian	260	135	125	0	0	0	275	135	140
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270
Baltic languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	490	225	260
Latvian	170	75	95	0	0	0	185	80	100
Lithuanian	270	130	140	0	0	0	305	145	160
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005
Belarusian	20	5	15	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bulgarian	785	395	390	0	0	0	820	410	405
Czech	1,190	545	650	0	0	0	1,405	645	760
Macedonian	135	70	70	0	0	0	160	80	75
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660
Rusyn	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520
Bosnian	780	380	405	0	0	0	895	435	460
Croatian	1,755	830	925	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045
Serbian	1,830	900	925	0	0	0	1,935	950	980
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0	75	40	35
Slovak	940	465	475	0	0	0	1,085	545	545
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	0	0	0	225	95	130
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Celtic languages	100	55	45	0	0	0	125	65	55
Irish	30	20	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	5	15
Welsh	40	25	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	20	5	10	17,580	8,490	9,090
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	25	20
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	10	0	5	10,660	5,055	5,600
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	10	0	5	10,230	4,840	5,390
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5
Swiss German	210	105	100	0	0	0	365	190	180
Yiddish	55	25	30	0	0	0	55	25	30
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	5	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810
Afrikaans	905	445	455	0	0	0	1,230	595	640
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	5	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	45	30	20
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0	0	0	20	15	5
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	0	0	0	295	135	165
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	55	45
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	5	0	0	1,290	635	650
Danish	560	295	265	0	0	0	765	395	370
Icelandic	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20
Norwegian	165	70	95	0	0	0	210	90	115
Swedish	235	110	125	0	0	0	270	125	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	30	20	10
Greek	1,385	640	745	0	0	0	1,520	710	805
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	0	0	0	106,625	53,665	52,955
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	0	0	0	93,240	46,930	46,305
Assamese	45	20	25	0	0	0	50	25	25
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	0	0	0	8,495	4,290	4,205
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	0	0	0	1,080	475	605
Kashmiri	75	40	35	0	0	0	80	40	40
Konkani	160	75	85	0	0	0	175	85	90
Marathi	980	495	480	0	0	0	995	500	495
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	0	0	0	2,265	1,175	1,095
Oriya languages	95	50	40	0	0	0	95	50	40
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	0	0	0	49,105	24,690	24,420
Rohingya	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Sindhi	285	150	135	0	0	0	305	160	145
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	0	0	0	1,030	505	525
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	0	0	0	645	340	305
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	0	0	0	13,350	6,720	6,630
Baluchi	50	30	15	0	0	0	50	30	15
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	0	0	0	1,100	540	565
Parsi	20	10	15	0	0	0	20	10	15
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	0	0	0	10,100	5,080	5,020
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	0	0	0	1,345	685	660
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	30	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	0	0	0	45,970	22,265	23,700
Catalan	45	15	25	0	0	0	45	20	25
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	0	0	0	32,170	15,475	16,695
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800
Mongolian	450	200	245	0	0	0	465	210	255
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	0	0	0	705	360	340
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5
Edo	90	45	40	0	0	0	100	55	45
Éwé	50	30	20	0	0	0	50	30	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0	0	0	85	40	45
Ga	35	20	20	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ganda	60	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30
Gikuyu	55	25	30	0	0	0	65	30	35
Igbo	730	380	355	0	0	0	775	400	375
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	0	0	0	200	95	100
Lingala	55	30	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Mwani	115	55	60	0	0	0	120	60	60
Ndebele	85	40	45	0	0	0	105	50	55
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	0	0	0	145	65	80
Shona	290	130	155	0	0	0	340	155	185
Soninke	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	30
Swahili	725	355	380	0	0	0	790	385	410
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	0	0	0	1,845	970	875
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	0	0	0	765	375	395
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	0	0	0	1,315	665	650
Dinka	535	295	240	0	0	0	555	305	250
Nuer	375	165	215	0	0	0	385	170	215
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0	0	0	315	160	160
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0	0	0	60	30	25
Sign languages	230	115	110	0	0	0	275	145	130
American Sign Language	185	100	85	0	0	0	225	120	110
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	0	0	0	68,720	31,925	36,790
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	0	0	0	67,430	31,300	36,130
Hakka	280	135	150	0	0	0	295	140	155
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190
Min Dong	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	0	0	0	1,235	520	710
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	0	0	0	260	125	130
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	0	0	0	32,755	15,315	17,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	0	0	0	865	390	470
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	40	20	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	0	0	0	1,245	600	640
Burmese	255	120	135	0	0	0	265	125	140
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45
Karenic languages	220	110	115	0	0	0	220	110	115
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	0	0	0	170	85	85
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0	55	20	30
Tibetan	635	320	325	0	0	0	635	320	325
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	0	0	0	1,240	435	800
Lao	415	195	215	0	0	0	460	220	245
Thai	620	175	445	0	0	0	740	205	535
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	0	0	0	245	135	110
Kazakh	55	20	35	0	0	0	55	20	35
Turkish	1,340	730	610	0	0	0	1,405	770	635
Uyghur	65	30	35	0	0	0	65	30	35
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0	105	60	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0	75	35	40
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910
Estonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	45
Finnish	240	85	155	0	0	0	305	105	200
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0	70	40	35
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	5	0	0	73,050	35,515	37,535
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	0	0	0	6,360	3,080	3,285
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	0	0	0	58,650	28,715	29,930
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	0	0	0	1,230	605	630
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	0	0	0	1,130	525	605
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	0	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	415	205	210	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	395	195	195	1,104,225	556,180	548,045
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	0	0	0	4,775	2,390	2,390
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	0	0	0	127,600	60,835	66,760
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0	0	0	55	25	30
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	0	0	0	127,540	60,810	66,730
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	5	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	15	5	10	306,635	148,985	157,650
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0	0	0	570	255	315
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	0	0	0	12,395	5,820	6,575
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	415	205	210	1,578,665	784,990	793,675
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	415	205	205	1,503,115	748,130	754,985
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	415	205	210	1,243,700	622,455	621,250
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	415	205	210	1,236,475	618,890	617,585
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	0	0	0	7,230	3,560	3,665
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	0	0	0	259,415	125,675	133,740
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	0	0	0	115	50	65
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	75	40	40
Blackfoot	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	20	20
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	15	10
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Stoney	20	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	0	0	0	259,295	125,620	133,675
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	0	0	0	22,515	11,260	11,260
Berber languages	45	30	15	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kabyle	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tamazight	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Hausa	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105
Bilen	130	65	70	0	0	0	130	65	70
Oromo	995	495	495	0	0	0	1,005	505	505
Somali	1,010	470	535	0	0	0	1,010	470	535
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	0	0	0	20,280	10,165	10,115
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	0	0	0	510	250	265
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	0	0	0	265	130	135
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	80
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0	0	0	90	45	45
Harari	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15
Hebrew	235	115	115	0	0	0	245	125	125
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	0	0	0	3,805	1,940	1,865
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	0	0	0	465	205	260
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	0	0	0	35,275	16,595	18,675
Bikol	75	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	40
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	0	0	0	505	240	265
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	0	0	0	1,190	580	605
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	0	0	0	580	280	295
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185
Indonesian	225	115	110	0	0	0	225	115	110
Kankanaey	110	50	55	0	0	0	110	50	60
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	0	0	0	50	30	20
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	0	0	0	255	130	130
Pangasinan	50	25	20	0	0	0	55	30	25
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	0	0	0	29,630	13,885	15,750
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0	0	0	90	50	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	0	0	0	205	100	110
Creole languages	325	155	170	0	0	0	340	160	180
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	0	0	0	115	60	60
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10
Morisyen	70	35	40	0	0	0	70	35	40
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0	40	20	25
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205
Kannada	190	90	95	0	0	0	190	95	95
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	0	0	0	1,900	940	960
Tamil	1,395	710	680	0	0	0	1,495	760	730
Telugu	760	375	380	0	0	0	785	390	395
Tulu	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Georgian	75	40	30	0	0	0	75	40	30
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	0	0	0	122,940	60,715	62,220
Albanian	610	325	290	0	0	0	625	330	295
Armenian	140	65	75	0	0	0	140	65	75
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295
Baltic languages	195	95	95	0	0	0	215	110	105
Latvian	70	40	35	0	0	0	80	40	40
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0	0	0	135	70	70
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190
Belarusian	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Bulgarian	360	175	185	0	0	0	380	180	195
Czech	345	160	185	0	0	0	410	190	220
Macedonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	40
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035
Bosnian	315	155	160	0	0	0	370	180	185
Croatian	650	300	350	0	0	0	715	335	375
Serbian	895	440	450	0	0	0	925	460	465
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	350	165	180	0	0	0	405	190	215
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	20
Ukrainian	905	435	470	0	0	0	980	470	515
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	10	15
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
High German languages	665	320	345	0	0	0	1,705	825	880
German	640	305	335	0	0	0	1,630	785	845
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	70	30	35
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	0	0	0	1,120	530	590
Afrikaans	435	215	225	0	0	0	635	305	330
Dutch	275	125	150	0	0	0	455	210	245
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0	0	0	165	75	90
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0	55	25	25
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	5	15
Swedish	70	30	40	0	0	0	80	30	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Greek	430	185	245	0	0	0	480	215	265
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	0	0	0	79,180	39,590	39,590
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	0	0	0	70,335	35,225	35,110
Assamese	20	10	15	0	0	0	20	10	15
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	0	0	0	5,510	2,770	2,740
Kacchi	565	235	325	0	0	0	580	245	340
Kashmiri	50	25	30	0	0	0	50	25	30
Konkani	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35
Marathi	565	285	280	0	0	0	575	285	285
Nepali	1,565	805	765	0	0	0	1,590	815	775
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	0	0	0	40,675	20,425	20,245
Rohingya	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sindhi	165	85	75	0	0	0	170	90	85
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	0	0	0	555	270	285
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0	355	175	185
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475
Baluchi	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
Kurdish	735	355	380	0	0	0	750	360	395
Parsi	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Pashto	1,215	625	595	0	0	0	1,250	635	615
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435
Dari	1,710	830	880	0	0	0	1,880	905	970
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	0	0	0	910	460	455
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	0	0	0	25,440	12,340	13,100
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	20
Italian	945	425	520	0	0	0	1,000	450	550
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230
Romanian	1,980	980	995	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	0	0	0	19,825	9,605	10,215
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20
Japanese	1,075	455	615	0	0	0	1,160	495	665
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295
Mongolian	305	135	170	0	0	0	305	135	170
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	0	0	0	335	160	170
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Éwé	10	5	10	0	0	0	15	10	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Ganda	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Igbo	195	100	100	0	0	0	200	100	100
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	0	0	0	80	40	45
Lingala	35	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	10
Ndebele	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	25
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0	0	0	55	25	30
Shona	85	35	50	0	0	0	105	45	55
Soninke	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Swahili	275	125	145	0	0	0	295	140	155
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	20	0	0	0	50	25	20
Yoruba	615	290	325	0	0	0	660	315	345
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0	160	70	90
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	0	0	0	720	360	360
Dinka	325	185	145	0	0	0	340	190	150
Nuer	255	110	145	0	0	0	260	115	145
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0	120	60	65
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Sign languages	380	210	165	0	0	0	450	260	190
American Sign Language	295	160	135	0	0	0	355	205	150
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0	95	55	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	0	0	0	47,945	22,570	25,375
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	0	0	0	47,025	22,110	24,915
Hakka	80	30	50	0	0	0	90	35	50
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	0	0	0	465	185	280
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	0	0	0	155	75	80
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	0	0	0	21,815	10,130	11,685
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	0	0	0	500	225	275
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	0	0	0	915	460	455
Burmese	160	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	85
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	0	0	0	85	40	45
Karenic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0	165	80	85
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	0	0	0	125	65	60
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25
Tibetan	485	250	235	0	0	0	485	250	235
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	500	230	270
Lao	175	80	95	0	0	0	205	100	105
Thai	240	110	125	0	0	0	275	125	150
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	20	5	15
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	0	0	0	1,185	600	580
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	0	0	0	120	55	60
Kazakh	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5
Turkish	910	470	440	0	0	0	935	480	455
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20
Uzbek	40	15	25	0	0	0	50	25	25
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	20	15	10
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	0	0	0	1,205	575	625
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	10	10
Finnish	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	0	0	0	1,135	540	590
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	0	0	0	75,555	36,865	38,685
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	0	0	0	69,995	34,230	35,770
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0	0	0	260	115	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	0	0	0	710	320	385
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	0	0	0	1,630	760	875
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	420	205	210	1,578,665	784,995	793,670
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	400	195	200	1,298,665	649,700	648,965
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	0	0	0	104,745	51,660	53,085
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	5	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	15	10	10	127,610	60,685	66,920
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	0	0	0	635	285	350
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	15	10	10	126,970	60,410	66,565
English and French	1,235	595	640	0	0	0	1,340	640	705
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	0	0	0	16,885	8,395	8,490
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	0	0	0	215	120	95
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	0	0	0	14,095	6,810	7,285
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	370	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	370	190	180	1,537,720	768,345	769,380
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	370	190	180	1,536,650	767,865	768,785
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	25	15	10	103,915	47,090	56,830
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	50	15	35	562,910	270,945	291,960
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	0	0	0	1,155	440	720
Blackfoot	460	180	275	0	0	0	470	190	280
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	605	245	360
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	605	245	360
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	0	0	0	260	80	185
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0	0	0	270	115	155
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	125	40	85
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	125	40	85
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	0	0	0	55	10	45
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0	60	20	40
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	0	0	0	235	95	135
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	0	0	0	225	90	135
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	35	10	30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	0	0	0	35	10	30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20
Salish languages	20	20	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	0	0	0	230	115	115
Assiniboine	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dakota	20	20	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Stoney	170	90	80	0	0	0	175	90	90
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	25	10	15
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	50	15	35	561,340	270,320	291,010
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	0	0	0	54,595	28,250	26,345
Berber languages	275	175	95	0	0	0	300	185	110
Kabyle	165	90	70	0	0	0	185	100	85
Tamazight	80	60	20	0	0	0	80	60	20
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	0	0	0	30	30	10
Chadic languages	350	215	135	0	0	0	365	225	145
Hausa	340	210	135	0	0	0	360	220	145
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	85	35	45	0	0	0	85	35	45
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245
Bilen	235	130	105	0	0	0	235	130	105
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	0	0	0	50,645	26,150	24,495
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	0	0	0	850	490	360
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	0	0	0	365	215	145
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	0	0	0	380	215	165
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	0	0	0	120	65	55
Harari	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	30	20
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	0	0	0	125	90	40
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	0	0	0	1,270	610	655
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	0	0	0	280	160	120
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	0	0	0	76,815	33,930	42,890
Bikol	505	265	240	0	0	0	635	325	305
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	0	0	0	1,175	510	660
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000
Fijian	90	50	40	0	0	0	90	50	40
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	0	0	0	1,455	620	835
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	0	0	0	1,290	595	695
Kankanaey	250	105	145	0	0	0	250	105	145
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	0	0	0	85	50	35
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	25
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0	35	15	15
Malay	780	350	430	0	0	0	810	370	445
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	0	0	0	1,200	520	675
Pangasinan	460	235	225	0	0	0	550	285	260
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	0	0	0	72,900	32,140	40,755
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	0	0	0	460	225	235
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	0	0	0	625	330	300
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	0	0	0	160	70	90
Krio	125	60	60	0	0	0	125	60	65
Morisyen	355	170	185	0	0	0	360	175	185
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	0	0	0	480	275	205
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0	535	260	280
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140
Kannada	1,075	550	530	0	0	0	1,100	560	540
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145
Tulu	70	35	35	0	0	0	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Georgian	220	120	100	0	0	0	220	120	100
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	50	15	35	286,570	140,880	145,685
Albanian	1,825	990	840	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855
Armenian	460	265	195	0	0	0	465	265	200
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175
Baltic languages	485	220	270	0	0	0	540	245	295
Latvian	155	65	90	0	0	0	170	75	95
Lithuanian	330	155	175	0	0	0	370	170	205
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005
Belarusian	85	30	50	0	0	0	100	35	65
Bulgarian	985	445	540	0	0	0	1,020	460	560
Czech	1,940	970	970	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090
Macedonian	290	135	150	0	0	0	335	160	175
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	0	0	0	1,790	855	935
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	0	0	120	55	65
Slovak	1,295	590	700	0	0	0	1,530	715	820
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	0	0	0	335	130	205
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	435	245	190	0	0	0	495	275	220
Irish	205	125	85	0	0	0	235	135	100
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	0	0	0	100	45	55
Welsh	135	80	60	0	0	0	155	95	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	40	15	25	27,795	13,485	14,310
Frisian	55	20	35	0	0	0	85	25	55
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	25	10	20	18,325	8,925	9,400
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	25	10	20	17,910	8,715	9,200
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	0	0	0	615	280	330
Yiddish	110	65	40	0	0	0	120	75	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	10	0	10	8,180	4,120	4,060
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0	90	60	35
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	0	0	0	380	165	215
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	0	0	0	155	85	75
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	10	10	0	2,390	1,100	1,290
Danish	940	480	460	10	10	0	1,245	635	615
Icelandic	50	15	35	0	0	0	60	15	40
Norwegian	380	165	215	0	0	0	470	185	285
Swedish	630	275	355	0	0	0	715	315	395
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	25	15
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	0	0	0	143,590	72,720	70,870
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	0	0	0	128,685	65,260	63,425
Assamese	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	0	0	0	45,340	22,980	22,370
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300
Kashmiri	190	95	95	0	0	0	210	100	110
Konkani	425	200	230	0	0	0	460	215	250
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450
Oriya languages	105	45	55	0	0	0	105	45	55
Odia	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0	85	40	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	0	0	0	68,525	34,920	33,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	0	0	0	685	385	300
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	0	0	0	1,450	700	750
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	0	0	0	31,710	16,195	15,515
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	0	0	0	1,400	750	650
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570
Baluchi	65	35	30	0	0	0	70	40	30
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	1,425	720	705
Parsi	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	0	0	0	1,715	895	820
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	80
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0	0	0	165	90	75
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	0	0	0	80,155	38,210	41,945
Catalan	100	45	60	0	0	0	110	45	65
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	0	0	0	60,770	28,640	32,125
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	0	0	0	145	90	50
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0	0	0	170	80	90
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590
Mongolian	640	300	335	0	0	0	645	300	345
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	0	0	0	1,400	720	680
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Edo	310	165	145	0	0	0	360	190	170
Éwé	100	45	55	0	0	0	115	55	60
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	0	0	0	190	120	70
Ga	275	140	140	0	0	0	300	150	155
Ganda	110	60	45	0	0	0	115	65	50
Gikuyu	155	70	85	0	0	0	180	85	95
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	0	0	0	300	140	155
Lingala	395	185	210	0	0	0	405	190	215
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	0	0	0	75	25	50
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Mwani	255	140	110	0	0	0	270	150	120
Ndebele	125	65	65	0	0	0	175	90	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0	165	90	75
Shona	580	270	310	0	0	0	670	325	345
Soninke	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	120	60	55
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630
Wojenaka	35	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
Wolof	230	130	100	0	0	0	250	145	105
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	0	0	0	1,895	965	935
Dinka	815	435	380	0	0	0	860	455	405
Nuer	440	200	240	0	0	0	440	200	240
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	0	0	0	610	315	295
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0	0	0	190	90	95
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	0	0	0	395	185	215
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750
Hakka	390	160	235	0	0	0	405	170	235
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825
Min Dong	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	0	0	0	340	140	195
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	0	0	0	880	420	460
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	25
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	0	0	0	1,820	895	925
Burmese	495	245	250	0	0	0	520	255	265
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0	125	60	70
Karenic languages	365	180	190	0	0	0	365	180	190
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	0	0	0	295	145	150
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0	85	35	50
Tibetan	765	395	370	0	0	0	765	395	370
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0	0	0	165	70	90
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0	105	40	65
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120
Lao	595	300	295	0	0	0	685	350	330
Thai	1,160	445	710	0	0	0	1,355	505	850
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0	0	0	60	25	40
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	0	0	0	550	285	270
Kazakh	170	75	95	0	0	0	170	75	95
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155
Uyghur	110	30	80	0	0	0	110	30	80
Uzbek	180	80	100	0	0	0	185	80	105
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	0	0	0	130	65	65
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350
Estonian	125	55	70	0	0	0	165	70	95
Finnish	360	170	190	0	0	0	435	210	230
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	0	0	0	525	295	235
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	375	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	15	0	0	53,700	25,250	28,450
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	0	0	0	51,520	24,220	27,300
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	0	0	0	22,470	10,235	12,230
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	0	0	0	575	290	280
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	0	0	0	1,130	525	610
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	0	0	0	1,050	505	540
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	355	185	170	1,518,235	757,015	761,220
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	375	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	0	0	0	17,145	7,900	9,240
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	360	185	175	1,554,790	774,360	780,425
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	155	...	...	431,680	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	0	...	...	172,945	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	0	...	...	138,505	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	155	...	...	466,125	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	0	...	...	63,480	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	0	...	...	132,670	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	40	...	...	208,570	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	110	...	...	196,735	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	0	...	...	168,320	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	0	...	...	92,700	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	20	...	...	85,005	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	10	...	...	74,790	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	125	...	...	183,815	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	10.0	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	155	...	...	587,240	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	0	...	...	17,390	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	155	...	...	576,220	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	0	...	...	28,410	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	0	...	...	48,925	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	140	...	...	146,775	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	10	...	...	67,920	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	0	...	...	93,515	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	0	...	...	63,060	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	150	...	...	578,295	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	0	...	...	26,340	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	60	...	...	286,505	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	95	...	...	282,890	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	0	...	...	35,230	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	155	...	...	604,630	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	0	...	...	95,360	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	10	...	...	132,875	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	30	...	...	121,200	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	30	...	...	114,325	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	50	...	...	78,705	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	25	...	...	34,680	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	150	...	...	599,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	145	...	...	466,085	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	0	...	...	133,520	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	0	...	...	119,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	150	...	...	604,630	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	15	...	...	174,520	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	10	...	...	121,340	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	0	...	...	22,225	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	0	...	...	4,610	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	0	...	...	1,295	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	135	...	...	430,110	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	150	...	...	585,885	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	0	...	...	55,440	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	145	...	...	530,445	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	155	...	...	429,490	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	19.4	...	...	65.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	770	...	...	1,740	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,180	...	...	1,792	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	452,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	730,000	...	...	529,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	0	...	...	172,840	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	...	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	...	...	...	34.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	...	...	...	20.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	...	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	...	...	...	1,414	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	370	190	180	1,571,935	782,270	789,670
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	0	0	0	155	85	65
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	0	0	0	480	225	255
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	0	0	0	460	210	250
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0	0	0	20	20	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	0	0	0	450	230	225
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	0	0	0	1,355	600	760
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	0	0	0	1,230	550	680
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	0	0	0	60	20	35
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	30	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	370	190	180	1,506,840	751,645	755,195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	370	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	360	185	175	1,397,315	698,330	698,985
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	60	30	25	325,765	167,940	157,820
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	305	155	150	1,071,555	530,390	541,165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	10	0	0	174,615	83,940	90,680
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	370	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	330	175	160	1,069,940	539,680	530,260
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	35	10	20	473,580	227,640	245,935
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	25	10	10	56,750	27,435	29,320
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	0	0	0	44,975	21,950	23,020
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	0	0	0	67,220	32,280	34,935
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	0	0	0	127,170	61,140	66,030
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	0	0	0	177,465	84,835	92,630
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	0	0	0	89,810	43,015	46,795
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,835
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	0	0	0	28,410	14,945	13,470
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	35	10	20	473,580	227,640	245,935
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	0	0	0	41,205	20,985	20,220
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	0	0	0	79,795	41,370	38,425
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	10	0	10	82,830	37,905	44,930
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	15	0	10	223,080	105,885	117,190
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	0	0	0	46,670	21,495	25,170
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	35	10	20	473,580	227,640	245,935
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	0	0	0	50,280	23,315	26,970
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455
Guyana	740	340	400	0	0	0	810	375	430
Haiti	510	295	220	0	0	0	565	320	250
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930
Peru	1,070	470	595	0	0	0	1,140	515	625
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	0	0	0	1,470	720	750
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	30	10	15	83,855	41,815	42,040
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145
Croatia	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	1,510	705	800
France	1,265	645	620	0	0	0	1,455	735	720
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355
Greece	865	455	415	0	0	0	955	505	450
Hungary	1,550	740	815	0	0	0	1,780	865	915
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495
Portugal	990	505	485	0	0	0	1,180	610	575
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	0	0	0	1,060	505	560
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	0	0	0	55,355	27,975	27,385
Algeria	630	310	315	0	0	0	650	320	330
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	0	0	0	905	445	455
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700
Morocco	870	445	425	0	0	0	950	485	460
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530
Somalia	1,580	775	805	0	0	0	1,595	780	815
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	0	0	0	279,930	132,545	147,390
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130
Turkey	1,085	540	545	0	0	0	1,105	545	555
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	0	0	0	71,315	31,605	39,715
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	0	0	0	61,580	30,730	30,850
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	0	0	0	19,425	9,810	9,615
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	0	0	0	22,735	10,640	12,090
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	0	0	0	87,650	41,815	45,830
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595
Brazil	840	355	490	0	0	0	915	390	525
Colombia	615	245	370	0	0	0	670	265	410
Haiti	105	55	45	0	0	0	110	60	45
Jamaica	475	215	255	0	0	0	555	260	295
Mexico	1,265	645	615	0	0	0	1,470	760	715
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	0	0	0	915	400	515
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	0	0	0	1,415	645	770
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695
France	200	95	105	0	0	0	245	115	130
Germany	225	105	120	0	0	0	280	130	150
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	0	0	0	495	320	170
Italy	260	160	105	0	0	0	290	175	115
Russian Federation	635	235	405	0	0	0	690	245	445
Ukraine	680	295	385	0	0	0	760	340	425
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980
Algeria	60	15	50	0	0	0	60	15	50
Burundi	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25
Cameroon	380	170	210	0	0	0	430	190	235
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	0	0	0	160	85	80
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	0	0	0	55	30	20
Egypt	595	300	300	0	0	0	615	300	310
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	0	0	0	1,855	885	965
Morocco	210	95	110	0	0	0	230	105	125
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130
Somalia	310	140	170	0	0	0	310	140	170
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	0	0	0	830	440	385
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	0	0	0	460	220	235
Tunisia	95	65	30	0	0	0	95	65	30
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	0	0	0	55,100	25,850	29,250
Afghanistan	845	405	435	0	0	0	865	415	455
Bangladesh	630	310	320	0	0	0	640	315	325
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	0	0	0	315	120	195
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	0	0	0	14,870	7,455	7,420
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	0	0	0	870	415	450
Iraq	945	440	505	0	0	0	955	450	510
Israel	340	185	150	0	0	0	345	195	155
Japan	170	25	140	0	0	0	170	25	150
Jordan	165	90	70	0	0	0	165	90	70
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050
Lebanon	425	215	210	0	0	0	455	220	235
Nepal	460	235	230	0	0	0	550	280	265
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	0	0	0	270	160	105
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0	185	100	85
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490
Turkey	405	175	225	0	0	0	405	175	225
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	0	0	0	370	205	170
Viet Nam	955	310	640	0	0	0	980	320	660
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	0	0	0	690	375	310
Australia	435	230	205	0	0	0	480	255	230
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	0	0	0	205	125	85
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	370	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	40	15	25	518,345	251,010	267,335
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	85	40	45	329,675	166,505	163,165
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	240	130	110	723,920	364,750	359,170
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	10	0	10	416,830	200,210	216,615
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	0	0	0	235,880	118,150	117,730
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	0	0	0	95,815	58,035	37,780
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	0	0	0	140,065	60,120	79,950
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	0	0	0	117,720	48,395	69,330
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	0	0	0	58,995	31,595	27,395
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	10	0	10	416,830	200,210	216,615
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	0	0	0	14,765	8,620	6,145
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	0	0	0	53,180	23,440	29,750
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	0	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	0	0	0	1,565	670	895
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	10	0	10	313,060	149,760	163,300
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	375	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,665
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	0	0	0	575,650	282,735	292,910
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	0	0	0	154,385	78,430	75,955
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	0	0	0	76,470	38,665	37,800
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	0	0	0	92,235	42,365	49,880
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	365	185	175	996,285	499,530	496,755
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	370	190	180	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	70	35	35	168,075	87,325	80,750
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	125	60	65	276,300	136,835	139,465
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	55	25	25	202,260	98,040	104,225
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	85	45	40	235,385	115,820	119,575
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	45	20	25	104,160	50,935	53,225
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	50	15	35	197,770	97,860	99,910
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	0	0	0	99,705	48,045	51,650
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	0	0	0	77,900	39,545	38,355
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	10	0	10	89,615	43,675	45,940
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	20	15	0	53,665	26,510	27,155
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	0	0	0	53,675	25,885	27,790
Québécois	1,580	785	795	0	0	0	1,965	990	970
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	20	10	10	53,825	27,135	26,690
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	0	0	0	86,850	40,140	46,710
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	0	0	0	26,685	13,810	12,875
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	50	35	15	28,815	14,565	14,250
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	10	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	10	0	10	44,865	21,320	23,545
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	20	0	15	20,785	10,045	10,740
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	0	0	0	20,085	10,145	9,940
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	30	15	15	19,915	9,935	9,980
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780
Haitian	930	475	455	0	0	0	1,120	570	555
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	1,845	905	945
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320
Tamil	1,370	710	665	0	0	0	1,450	760	690
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535
Moroccan	880	425	460	0	0	0	975	470	505
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	10	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	0	0	0	1,350	665	680
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	0	0	0	1,440	725	715
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0	0	0	1,420	635	785
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	0	0	0	1,805	900	910
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	0	0	0	725	370	355
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800
Algerian	645	320	320	0	0	0	665	335	330
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265
Armenian	925	495	430	0	0	0	1,030	535	495
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345
African Caribbean	930	495	430	0	0	0	1,090	590	500
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	0	0	0	1,435	720	710
Algonquin	380	165	220	0	0	0	555	245	320
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	0	0	0	975	430	540
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560
Congolese	1,045	500	545	0	0	0	1,100	515	580
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	0	0	0	1,075	515	565
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	0	0	0	1,605	775	830
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075
Berber	405	225	175	0	0	0	430	235	195
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855
Maltese	505	230	275	0	0	0	745	370	380
Macedonian	385	185	200	0	0	0	490	235	255
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	0	0	0	1,820	900	915
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	0	0	0	535	215	320
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	0	0	0	1,790	925	860
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680
African Canadian	940	465	475	0	0	0	1,095	565	530
Israeli	1,095	565	525	0	0	0	1,175	610	565
Mohawk	500	300	200	0	0	0	650	375	275
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	0	0	0	1,390	670	720
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	0	0	0	1,535	790	745
Barbadian	640	310	330	0	0	0	755	380	380
African American	935	435	495	0	0	0	1,150	555	590
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	0	0	0	1,370	725	645
Tunisian	300	150	155	0	0	0	300	150	155
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	0	0	0	1,440	755	695
Cuban	830	395	435	0	0	0	890	425	465
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0	0	0	55	35	15
Latvian	1,025	485	540	0	0	0	1,225	605	625
Bengali	1,200	585	610	0	0	0	1,245	615	630
Cameroonian	930	485	450	0	0	0	1,060	545	520
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	0	0	0	1,380	655	730
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	0	0	0	1,820	865	955
Laotian	1,015	505	510	0	0	0	1,165	575	590
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450
Northern Irish	920	445	475	0	0	0	1,140	560	575
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	0	0	0	1,015	505	515
British Columbian	520	295	225	0	0	0	660	370	290
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	0	0	0	420	220	200
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	0	0	0	150	100	50
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	0	0	0	1,250	625	625
Estonian	980	480	500	0	0	0	1,175	565	610
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	0	0	0	1,120	555	565
Fijian	1,145	525	620	0	0	0	1,250	590	660
Jatt	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	1,575	785	780
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	0	0	0	940	490	450
Coptic	440	225	215	0	0	0	455	230	225
Thai	1,185	370	810	0	0	0	1,395	430	965
Dominican	405	245	160	0	0	0	410	250	160
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0	95	50	50
Assyrian	420	215	200	0	0	0	435	225	205
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665
Byelorussian	730	350	380	0	0	0	855	420	440
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	0	0	0	230	105	125
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035
Abenaki	50	20	25	0	0	0	50	20	25
Moldovan	990	545	445	0	0	0	1,140	615	525
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0	0	0	315	145	170
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	0	0	0	1,375	705	670
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370
Breton	40	30	10	0	0	0	60	30	35
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	0	0	0	525	190	340
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	0	0	0	1,260	615	650
Plains Cree	200	100	95	0	0	0	240	115	125
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	0	0	0	505	250	250
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	0	0	0	115	55	60
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	0	0	0	1,630	765	865
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	0	0	0	1,070	515	555
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Norman	145	100	45	0	0	0	185	115	65
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	0	0	0	1,285	655	630
Ivorian	210	110	105	0	0	0	225	115	110
Saulteaux	280	120	160	0	0	0	330	150	180
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	0	0	0	180	70	110
Burundian	150	70	85	0	0	0	170	75	100
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	0	0	0	990	465	525
Mauritian	450	190	255	0	0	0	485	210	275
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	0	0	0	1,140	565	570
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	20
Vincentian	175	65	110	0	0	0	235	105	125
Jordanian	445	220	225	0	0	0	475	240	240
Manitoban	460	245	210	0	0	0	700	360	340
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	0	0	0	225	120	110
Rwandan	280	150	130	0	0	0	280	150	130
Grenadian	225	90	135	0	0	0	250	100	150
Malayali	665	375	290	0	0	0	680	380	295
Chaldean	165	80	85	0	0	0	165	80	85
Sinhalese	555	255	305	0	0	0	575	265	310
Mayan	575	310	270	0	0	0	675	360	320
Honduran	340	150	185	0	0	0	355	150	200
Cherokee	545	255	285	0	0	0	655	325	335
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	0	0	0	160	75	85
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	0	0	0	160	85	80
Flemish	420	190	235	0	0	0	525	220	310
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	0	0	0	230	100	130
Senegalese	140	100	35	0	0	0	140	100	35
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	0	0	0	670	350	320
Sicilian	110	35	70	0	0	0	130	45	85
Pashtun	820	420	400	0	0	0	865	440	420
Malay	790	340	450	0	0	0	855	370	485
Goan	350	185	165	0	0	0	375	195	180
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	0	0	0	405	210	195
Tibetan	790	415	375	0	0	0	795	415	385
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	0	0	0	775	345	430
Burmese	540	250	285	0	0	0	600	285	310
Mongolian	985	455	535	0	0	0	1,015	470	545
Azorean	70	25	45	0	0	0	125	50	70
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	105	60	45	0	0	0	165	100	65
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35
Ugandan	300	145	150	0	0	0	370	175	190
Oromo	1,560	875	685	0	0	0	1,570	875	695
Tanzanian	795	425	375	0	0	0	845	440	400
Yemeni	555	280	275	0	0	0	595	295	300
Central African	70	35	40	0	0	0	70	35	40
Libyan	445	255	190	0	0	0	450	265	190
Basque	175	80	90	0	0	0	205	95	105
Uruguayan	85	40	45	0	0	0	100	45	55
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	0	0	0	360	160	200
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	0	0	0	355	210	140
Igorot	1,195	560	625	0	0	0	1,195	560	635
Fulani	65	25	35	0	0	0	75	35	50
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	0	0	0	80	45	40
Guinean	155	80	70	0	0	0	155	85	70
St. Lucian	230	90	140	0	0	0	285	110	175
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	0	0	0	285	130	150
Maliseet	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Beninese	145	75	70	0	0	0	160	80	80
Telugu	255	135	120	0	0	0	260	145	120
Roma	200	95	100	0	0	0	240	110	130
Costa Rican	180	95	85	0	0	0	205	115	90
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	0	0	0	120	60	60
Malagasy	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kashmiri	820	405	415	0	0	0	820	405	415
Singaporean	325	120	205	0	0	0	345	135	210
Karen	390	195	195	0	0	0	390	195	195
Edo	605	340	265	0	0	0	665	370	295
Tajik	280	130	145	0	0	0	280	130	145
Amhara	810	435	380	0	0	0	820	440	385
Paraguayan	100	30	70	0	0	0	120	35	90
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	375	190	185	1,571,935	782,265	789,670
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	0	0	0	22,425	9,955	12,470
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	180	75	105	713,465	336,705	376,760
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	15	10	10	153,665	73,675	79,985
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	20	10	10	35,625	16,415	19,210
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	60	25	30	312,410	149,290	163,120
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	0	0	0	25,935	12,595	13,340
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	25	0	15	19,790	8,955	10,835
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615
Reformed	1,250	600	655	0	0	0	1,880	950	930
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	40	15	20	51,720	22,415	29,305
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	0	0	0	35,335	18,180	17,155
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	0	0	0	101,285	51,675	49,610
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	0	0	0	56,230	28,325	27,905
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	0	0	0	1,515	550	960
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	185	115	70	623,560	328,795	294,765
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	370	190	180	1,555,360	773,705	781,660
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	350	180	165	1,345,810	669,430	676,380
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	20	0	10	209,550	104,275	105,275
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	15	0	10	147,415	73,505	73,910
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	0	0	0	62,135	30,765	31,365
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	370	190	180	1,482,335	736,360	745,975
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	260	140	120	863,155	429,060	434,095
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	105	50	55	619,175	307,300	311,880
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	75	35	40	363,260	181,560	181,700
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	30	15	15	255,920	125,740	130,180
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	30	15	15	177,420	87,415	90,005
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	15	10	10	112,590	55,855	56,735
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	15	10	10	64,830	31,560	33,270
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	0	0	0	78,500	38,320	40,180
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	320	155	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,215
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	15	0	10	182,850	95,955	86,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	300	150	150	1,095,525	535,200	560,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	170	90	80	886,650	437,700	448,950
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	0	0	0	79,025	43,715	35,310
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	165	85	80	807,620	393,985	413,640
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	320	160	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	10	0	0	163,710	84,360	79,350
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	50	20	25	339,400	169,445	169,950
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	255	135	125	775,265	377,350	397,915
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	110	50	55	348,595	174,345	174,250
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	20	20	0	84,805	63,760	21,050
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	0	0	0	29,285	16,610	12,680
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	15	15	0	55,525	47,150	8,375
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	70	15	55	221,065	92,585	128,480
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	20	15	0	42,725	18,000	24,720
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	150	80	70	426,670	203,005	223,660
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	110	55	55	294,610	137,240	157,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	30	20	0	86,005	42,875	43,130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	165	90	80	886,650	437,700	448,950
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	0	0	0	66,625	36,450	30,175
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	15	15	0	197,715	102,665	95,045
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	150	70	75	622,315	298,585	323,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	55	35	20	266,590	133,640	132,950
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	0	0	0	63,270	48,090	15,175
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	0	0	0	20,715	12,025	8,685
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	0	0	0	42,560	36,060	6,495
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	35	15	20	170,270	71,565	98,700
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	10	10	0	33,050	13,985	19,070
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	90	35	55	355,720	164,940	190,775
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	75	30	45	244,340	111,530	132,810
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	10	0	10	74,335	35,965	38,370
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	320	160	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	60	25	35	503,110	253,805	249,305
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	10	0	10	46,605	10,200	36,405
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	10	0	10	46,605	10,200	36,405
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	10	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	10	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	10	0	0	34,000	12,365	21,635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	0	0	0	3,675	735	2,940
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	0	0	0	11,560	4,095	7,460
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	0	0	0	525	185	340
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	0	0	0	830	165	665
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	35	10	25	83,860	28,790	55,065
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	0	0	0	1,155	220	930
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	10	0	10	13,800	3,115	10,680
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	25	10	10	30,700	14,865	15,830
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	60	25	30	177,710	75,825	101,885
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	0	0	0	180	60	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	60	25	30	168,935	74,160	94,770
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	15	10	0	39,940	20,670	19,265
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	10	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	0	0	0	665	260	410
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	0	0	0	1,630	635	995
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	10	10	0	36,465	23,975	12,485
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	0	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	0	0	0	730	485	250
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	60	60	0	173,505	149,155	24,355
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	30	30	0	66,620	53,075	13,545
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	10	10	0	38,240	31,740	6,500
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0	0	0	20	0	10
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	15	15	0	28,060	27,225	835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	10	10	0	22,210	21,530	675
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	10	10	0	15,905	7,900	8,005
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	10	10	0	10,210	5,025	5,180
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	35	0	30	111,080	22,865	88,215
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	30	0	30	98,680	16,900	81,780
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0	0	0	180	75	110
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	0	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0	140	130	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	0	0	0	170	145	25
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	0	0	0	220	115	110
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	170	90	80	886,650	437,700	448,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	15	15	0	264,340	139,115	125,220
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	10	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	10	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	10	0	0	26,945	9,460	17,490
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	0	0	0	3,000	580	2,425
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	0	0	0	9,440	3,220	6,225
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	0	0	0	390	130	260
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	0	0	0	1,865	985	875
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	0	0	0	595	105	490
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	35	10	20	69,810	23,220	46,590
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	0	0	0	975	200	775
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	0	0	0	7,720	535	7,185
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	0	0	0	1,335	455	885
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	20	10	10	25,655	12,155	13,505
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	35	20	15	145,930	61,450	84,480
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	0	0	0	130	45	85
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	35	20	15	138,835	60,195	78,640
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	10	0	10	30,605	14,930	15,680
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	0	0	0	555	215	340
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	0	0	0	1,085	425	660
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	0	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	0	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125
25. Library science	900	120	780	0	0	0	1,040	135	900
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	0	0	0	600	380	225
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	20	20	0	138,260	116,630	21,630
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	0	0	0	55,310	43,055	12,260
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	10	10	0	21,755	21,035	720
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	10	10	0	16,875	16,295	580
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	10	10	0	12,720	5,985	6,735
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	10	10	0	7,810	3,590	4,220
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	15	0	15	88,715	18,735	69,980
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	10	0	10	78,745	14,010	64,730
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0	0	0	145	60	80
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	0	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	0	0	0	100	90	10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0	85	80	0
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	0	0	0	170	75	95
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	170	90	80	886,650	437,700	448,950
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	15	15	0	264,340	139,115	125,220
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	150	75	75	622,310	298,585	323,730
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	145	70	75	455,590	220,680	234,910
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	105	50	55	328,175	157,540	170,630
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	40	20	20	127,410	63,135	64,275
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	0	0	0	166,725	77,905	88,820
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345
Cuba	235	135	95	0	0	0	250	145	110
Haiti	75	45	30	0	0	0	80	45	30
Jamaica	400	175	230	0	0	0	470	215	255
Brazil	1,555	665	890	0	0	0	1,670	690	980
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210
Peru	365	140	225	0	0	0	400	155	250
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145
Belgium	170	100	70	0	0	0	220	130	90
France	1,155	600	555	0	0	0	1,225	630	595
Germany	925	515	405	0	0	0	1,235	645	590
Netherlands	600	315	285	0	0	0	795	430	370
Switzerland	280	150	130	0	0	0	415	220	190
Hungary	330	165	165	0	0	0	380	180	205
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	0	0	0	630	295	335
Poland	1,375	540	835	0	0	0	1,485	575	905
Romania	1,725	935	795	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	0	0	0	1,605	745	865
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	0	0	0	930	570	355
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	0	0	0	345	185	155
Italy	315	170	140	0	0	0	350	210	140
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	0	0	0	375	180	190
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590
Algeria	330	170	160	0	0	0	340	170	170
Morocco	380	205	175	0	0	0	420	220	200
Tunisia	180	110	70	0	0	0	185	115	75
Egypt	1,610	825	785	0	0	0	1,670	860	810
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	0	0	0	1,690	855	840
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	0	0	0	91,990	39,695	52,295
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145
Iraq	895	440	455	0	0	0	920	450	465
Israel	385	210	175	0	0	0	425	230	195
Lebanon	590	275	315	0	0	0	640	300	335
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	0	0	0	735	380	355
Turkey	385	235	155	0	0	0	390	235	160
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250
Taiwan	565	140	430	0	0	0	585	145	440
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	0	0	0	805	315	495
Japan	995	270	720	0	0	0	1,045	275	770
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	0	0	0	30,585	12,115	18,470
Viet Nam	810	315	495	0	0	0	855	335	520
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	0	0	0	1,405	540	870
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	0	0	0	485	250	235
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	0	0	0	25,005	11,780	13,225
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160
New Zealand	480	255	230	0	0	0	555	315	240
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	0	0	0	125	70	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	320	160	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	175	100	80	882,705	463,170	419,540
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	165	95	75	776,015	408,675	367,335
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	10	10	0	106,695	54,490	52,205
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	140	60	80	395,665	167,985	227,680
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	54.7	62.5	50.0	69.0	73.4	64.8
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	51.6	59.4	46.9	60.7	64.8	56.8
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	5.7	10.0	0.0	12.1	11.8	12.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	320	160	160	1,278,375	631,155	647,220
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	155	65	90	422,665	183,645	239,020
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	165	95	70	855,710	447,510	408,200
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	100	75	25	450,195	257,535	192,655
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	65	20	45	405,520	189,970	215,550
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	39.6	44.8	32.5	40.7	41.5	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	180	100	75	882,710	463,165	419,540
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	175	100	70	853,695	449,150	404,550
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	145	85	60	715,140	365,090	350,050
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	130	80	55	600,125	311,480	288,645
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	10	10	0	115,020	53,615	61,405
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	0	0	0	37,760	16,790	20,970
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	10	10	0	77,260	36,820	40,435
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	30	15	15	138,550	84,060	54,500
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	180	100	75	882,710	463,165	419,540
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	175	100	70	853,695	449,150	404,550
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	20	15	0	11,440	8,585	2,850
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	35	20	15	161,170	53,245	107,930
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	10	10	0	94,565	72,340	22,225
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	10	0	10	69,305	13,810	55,490
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	15	0	15	92,850	30,655	62,195
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	55	30	30	209,115	94,840	114,280
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	10	10	0	147,375	132,085	15,290
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	10	10	0	18,195	14,065	4,130
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	0	0	0	25,565	19,070	6,490
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	180	100	75	882,710	463,165	419,540
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	0	0	0	29,010	14,020	14,995
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	175	100	70	853,695	449,150	404,550
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	0	0	0	75,665	63,720	11,945
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	0	0	0	41,545	30,255	11,295
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	15	15	0	27,195	18,765	8,430
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	20	0	15	96,885	46,555	50,330
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	15	15	0	56,135	40,670	15,470
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	15	10	0	30,760	13,930	16,825
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	25	10	10	96,185	55,190	40,995
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	0	0	0	37,790	21,285	16,510
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	15	0	15	55,510	16,805	38,700
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	10	0	10	107,190	20,475	86,720
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	0	0	0	49,900	22,440	27,460
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	10	0	10	37,065	16,090	20,975
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	180	100	80	926,320	483,455	442,860
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	180	95	80	878,705	460,305	418,400
French	1,020	295	725	0	0	0	1,250	340	915
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	0	0	0	30,355	15,535	14,825
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	0	0	0	740	340	405
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	0	0	0	575	325	250
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	180	100	80	926,320	483,455	442,860
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	180	100	80	919,325	479,835	439,490
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	180	100	80	906,220	473,040	433,180
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	180	100	80	903,745	472,395	431,350
French	2,040	595	1,445	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	0	0	0	470	250	215
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	0	0	0	450	235	215
Amharic	35	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
Arabic	315	165	150	0	0	0	335	170	165
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	0	0	0	840	330	510
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Vietnamese	780	295	485	0	0	0	820	320	505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	0	0	0	555	290	265
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	0	0	0	495	260	240
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	0	0	0	30	0	25
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	455	185	270
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	455	185	270
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	0	0	0	145	55	90
Russian	175	75	100	0	0	0	180	80	105
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0	0	0	60	30	35
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0	25	20	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0	40	15	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0	125	70	55
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	60	45
German	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	60	45
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0	75	35	35
Hindi	110	60	45	0	0	0	130	80	50
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	0	0	0	225	95	135
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	0	0	0	135	50	80
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Persian languages	125	50	70	0	0	0	125	50	70
Dari	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	0	0	0	90	35	50
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	0	0	0	1,425	650	780
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Portuguese	75	50	30	0	0	0	85	55	30
Romanian	40	25	15	0	0	0	60	40	30
Spanish	1,150	475	670	0	0	0	1,255	540	715
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	0	0	0	105	25	75
Korean	775	435	345	0	0	0	810	445	365
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	15
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	0	0	0	1,960	995	965
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0	0	0	55	15	40
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Thai	35	0	30	0	0	0	40	0	40
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0	35	20	10
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	0	0	0	35	20	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	0	0	0	7,000	3,625	3,375
English and French	805	365	435	0	0	0	1,000	445	555
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	0	0	0	5,765	3,065	2,695
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0	0	0	80	30	50
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0	0	0	130	65	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	180	100	80	926,320	483,455	442,860
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	180	95	80	893,045	467,350	425,695
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	0	0	0	17,585	8,825	8,760
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	0	0	0	115	45	70
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	0	0	0	17,465	8,780	8,690
English and French	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	0	0	0	660	330	335
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	0	0	0	500	245	255
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	170	95	75	776,010	408,680	367,335
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	85	45	45	215,520	105,290	110,230
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	15	15	0	113,260	83,885	29,375
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	65	40	25	444,410	217,405	227,005
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	65	40	25	444,410	217,405	227,005
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	65	35	25	361,065	170,000	191,065
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	0	0	0	69,230	37,715	31,505
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	80	50	30	557,670	301,290	256,380
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	70	50	25	473,465	261,055	212,410
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	70	50	25	441,645	249,990	191,655
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	0	0	0	31,820	11,060	20,755
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	0	0	0	40,930	17,775	23,165
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	80	50	30	557,670	301,290	256,380
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	15	0	10	128,460	58,155	70,310
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	45	30	15	242,460	130,855	111,610
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	10	10	0	125,765	75,100	50,660
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	10	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	0	0	0	29,930	18,665	11,265
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	80	50	30	557,670	301,290	256,380
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	0	0	0	37,665	27,280	10,390
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	25	15	10	100,900	63,500	37,400
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	30	25	0	143,455	75,755	67,700
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	0	0	0	105,095	50,620	54,475
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	10	0	10	79,595	35,415	44,180
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	15	0	0	90,950	48,715	42,230
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	80	40	45	356,225	183,250	172,980
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	10	0	5	25,335	12,890	12,445
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	70	30	35	330,890	170,360	160,535
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	65	35	35	259,535	133,590	125,945
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	5	0	5	18,890	9,625	9,270
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	5	0	0	9,575	4,670	4,910
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	60	30	35	240,640	123,965	116,675

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 20, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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