Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
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Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
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Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Language used most often at work
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Mobility and migration
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Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Calgary, City (CY)More information:
Alberta
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 48061262More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 48060954More information:
Alberta
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove		 SaskatchewanMore information:

[Province]
 Remove
Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,306,784 ... ... 415 ... ... 746 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 1,132,505 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,239,220 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... 1,098,352 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 5.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 531,062 ... ... 158 ... ... 258 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 513,725 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 502,301 ... ... 154 ... ... 237 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 449,581 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 1,592.4 ... ... 1,783.4 ... ... 5,351.5 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 820.62 ... ... 0.23 ... ... 0.14 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 577,060.40 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,306,780 648,835 657,950 415 205 210 745 380 370 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 1,132,505 563,120 569,385
0 to 14 years 235,855 121,145 114,710 85 40 45 160 85 75 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 223,115 114,360 108,755
0 to 4 years 73,840 37,865 35,980 20 5 5 45 25 25 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 69,455 35,555 33,900
5 to 9 years 80,585 41,225 39,365 30 15 10 65 30 35 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 76,545 39,210 37,340
10 to 14 years 81,425 42,055 39,370 40 15 25 50 35 15 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 77,120 39,600 37,520
15 to 64 years 893,525 445,660 447,865 215 110 105 460 230 230 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 711,405 357,000 354,410
15 to 19 years 73,490 37,720 35,770 30 15 15 45 25 30 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 68,510 35,525 32,985
20 to 24 years 78,365 40,280 38,085 15 10 5 50 30 15 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 66,870 34,580 32,295
25 to 29 years 88,385 43,930 44,460 5 0 5 55 25 30 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 70,030 35,420 34,605
30 to 34 years 105,960 52,030 53,930 10 5 10 45 25 25 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 78,380 38,930 39,450
35 to 39 years 110,765 54,785 55,985 20 5 10 65 30 35 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 79,420 39,380 40,040
40 to 44 years 100,080 49,490 50,595 30 15 20 55 30 30 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 73,055 36,670 36,380
45 to 49 years 91,385 45,430 45,945 35 20 15 45 20 20 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 65,075 32,425 32,655
50 to 54 years 84,725 42,550 42,175 25 10 10 35 25 10 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 62,745 31,300 31,440
55 to 59 years 82,570 41,000 41,570 30 15 15 30 15 15 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 73,165 36,045 37,120
60 to 64 years 77,790 38,450 39,345 20 15 5 35 15 20 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 74,155 36,725 37,430
65 years and over 177,405 82,035 95,375 110 55 60 125 65 60 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 197,980 91,765 106,215
65 to 69 years 62,120 30,410 31,710 30 15 15 50 25 25 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 64,770 32,140 32,630
70 to 74 years 46,495 22,225 24,270 25 10 15 35 20 20 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 48,945 23,790 25,160
75 to 79 years 28,965 13,485 15,485 30 10 15 20 10 10 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 33,045 15,605 17,445
80 to 84 years 19,405 8,370 11,035 20 10 15 15 10 5 840,545 370,905 469,645 23,460 10,290 13,170
85 years and over 20,420 7,540 12,875 10 5 5 0 0 0 861,395 319,540 541,860 27,765 9,945 17,820
85 to 89 years 12,620 4,995 7,625 10 5 5 0 0 0 525,445 212,735 312,705 16,165 6,290 9,870
90 to 94 years 6,225 2,115 4,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 258,035 87,300 170,735 8,715 2,965 5,750
95 to 99 years 1,375 390 990 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,380 17,670 50,715 2,435 625 1,810
100 years and over 195 45 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,535 1,830 7,710 450 60 385
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 18.0 18.7 17.4 20.5 19.5 21.4 21.5 22.4 20.3 16.3 16.9 15.6 19.7 20.3 19.1
15 to 64 years 68.4 68.7 68.1 51.8 53.7 50.0 61.7 60.5 62.2 64.8 65.4 64.2 62.8 63.4 62.2
65 years and over 13.6 12.6 14.5 26.5 26.8 28.6 16.8 17.1 16.2 19.0 17.7 20.2 17.5 16.3 18.7
85 years and over 1.6 1.2 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.8 3.1
Average age of the population 38.8 38.2 39.5 44.8 44.4 45.4 37.4 37.4 37.3 41.9 41.0 42.8 39.8 38.9 40.7
Median age of the population 38.0 37.6 38.8 46.4 46.8 45.6 36.0 35.6 36.4 41.6 40.4 42.8 38.8 38.0 39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 150 ... ... 235 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,580 ... ...
Single-detached house 276,050 ... ... 150 ... ... 145 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 322,070 ... ...
Semi-detached house 31,660 ... ... 0 ... ... 45 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 13,680 ... ...
Row house 48,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 20 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 19,860 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 21,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 11,240 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 81,870 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 61,855 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 40,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 11,040 ... ...
Other single-attached house 200 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 755 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 1,790 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 9,090 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 502,305 ... ... 155 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,580 ... ...
1 person 132,695 ... ... 25 ... ... 50 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 130,110 ... ...
2 persons 159,955 ... ... 65 ... ... 55 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 158,555 ... ...
3 persons 80,020 ... ... 20 ... ... 40 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 60,185 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 30 ... ... 40 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 57,860 ... ...
5 or more persons 50,070 ... ... 15 ... ... 50 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 42,875 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 415 205 215 745 375 370 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 1,103,205 549,475 553,725
Average household size 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,070,930 527,695 543,240 330 165 165 585 295 295 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 909,390 448,765 460,625
Married or living common-law 624,845 312,690 312,150 230 110 115 325 165 160 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 526,835 263,575 263,255
Married 529,175 264,635 264,545 215 110 110 305 155 155 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 440,040 220,210 219,830
Living common-law 95,665 48,060 47,610 10 5 5 15 5 5 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 86,795 43,365 43,430
Living common law - Never married 73,555 37,065 36,490 5 0 0 15 5 5 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 65,395 32,860 32,530
Living common law - Separated 3,080 1,645 1,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,830 65,045 58,785 3,075 1,580 1,495
Living common law - Divorced 17,645 8,750 8,890 5 5 5 0 0 0 721,715 365,760 355,950 16,305 8,125 8,185
Living common law - Widowed 1,390 595 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,165 36,860 50,300 2,025 800 1,220
Not married and not living common-law 446,090 215,005 231,085 105 55 55 265 130 130 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 382,560 185,185 197,370
Not married and not living common law - Never married 313,900 170,360 143,540 60 40 25 185 100 85 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 258,905 142,445 116,460
Not married and not living common law - Separated 24,245 10,380 13,865 10 5 5 15 5 10 741,135 319,045 422,090 20,685 9,310 11,375
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 67,400 25,865 41,535 15 10 10 45 20 25 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 50,635 22,150 28,485
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 40,550 8,395 32,150 20 5 20 15 5 15 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 52,330 11,280 41,050
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 356,225 ... ... 130 ... ... 195 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 308,690 ... ...
2 persons 164,970 ... ... 65 ... ... 75 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 160,870 ... ...
3 persons 78,740 ... ... 20 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 58,650 ... ...
4 persons 79,565 ... ... 35 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 55,775 ... ...
5 or more persons 32,950 ... ... 10 ... ... 35 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 33,390 ... ...
Average size of census families 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 356,220 ... ... 130 ... ... 190 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 308,690 ... ...
Total couple families 304,050 ... ... 115 ... ... 155 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 255,910 ... ...
Married couples 256,225 ... ... 110 ... ... 145 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 212,520 ... ...
With children6 155,795 ... ... 55 ... ... 95 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 106,385 ... ...
Without children 100,430 ... ... 55 ... ... 50 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 106,135 ... ...
Common-law couples 47,830 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 43,395 ... ...
With children6 14,805 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 18,190 ... ...
Without children 33,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 25,205 ... ...
Total one-parent families 52,170 ... ... 15 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 52,775 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 40,670 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 39,825 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 11,505 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 12,955 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 415 205 210 750 375 370 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 1,103,205 549,475 553,725
Total - Persons in census families 1,060,650 527,080 533,570 375 185 190 620 310 310 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 903,775 448,945 454,830
Married spouses or common-law partners 608,110 304,145 303,965 225 115 115 310 155 155 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 511,820 255,785 256,040
Parents in one-parent families 52,170 11,500 40,665 20 5 10 35 5 30 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 52,780 12,955 39,820
Children6 400,375 211,435 188,940 135 70 65 275 150 125 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 339,175 180,210 158,965
In a two-parent family 319,875 167,975 151,905 110 60 55 215 115 95 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 248,725 130,995 117,725
In a one-parent family 80,495 43,460 37,035 20 10 10 65 40 30 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 90,455 49,210 41,240
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 231,120 115,080 116,040 35 15 20 125 70 60 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 199,425 100,530 98,895
Living alone 132,690 62,770 69,920 30 10 15 50 25 25 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 130,105 62,520 67,590
Living with other relatives7 34,850 14,875 19,980 5 0 0 30 15 15 927,345 393,085 534,260 28,150 13,805 14,345
Living with non-relatives only 63,575 37,435 26,140 5 0 5 45 25 20 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 41,165 24,200 16,960
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 502,300 ... ... 155 ... ... 235 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 302,280 ... ... 110 ... ... 130 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 275,515 ... ...
Couple-family households 262,950 ... ... 105 ... ... 110 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 236,790 ... ...
With children6 147,735 ... ... 50 ... ... 75 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 113,990 ... ...
Without children 115,220 ... ... 55 ... ... 35 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 122,800 ... ...
One-parent-family households 39,325 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 38,720 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 17,040 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 9,815 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 1,960 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 18,975 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 13,265 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 27,275 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 18,915 ... ...
One-person households 132,690 ... ... 30 ... ... 50 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 130,105 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 330 165 165 590 295 295 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 882,780 436,550 446,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,003,515 495,570 507,940 310 155 155 540 270 270 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 844,920 417,025 427,895
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 44,400 50,800 39,600 53,200 64,000 42,000 34,800 37,200 32,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 42,400 48,000 38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,004,015 495,845 508,175 310 155 155 540 270 270 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 845,455 417,320 428,130
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,000 44,800 36,000 47,600 56,800 37,600 33,200 34,000 31,800 36,800 40,800 33,600 38,400 42,400 35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 909,585 457,190 452,395 295 150 140 450 230 220 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 757,325 379,255 378,070
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,400 48,400 32,800 42,800 57,600 34,800 25,400 31,000 20,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 36,800 44,400 30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 761,365 391,230 370,130 195 105 85 370 185 185 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 622,670 322,180 300,495
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 42,400 49,600 35,600 50,000 56,800 40,400 27,000 36,000 23,400 37,200 43,200 32,000 36,800 43,600 31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 880,900 428,430 452,470 280 140 140 505 255 255 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 751,755 364,545 387,210
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,500 5,640 9,000 11,700 12,500 11,700 12,400 11,500 12,500 9,800 8,500 11,000 8,800 6,750 10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 115,990 54,710 61,280 15 10 5 85 45 35 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 84,485 43,415 41,065
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,800 5,760 5,880 x x x 6,000 6,000 5,560 5,720 5,760 5,720 6,000 6,000 5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 326,795 158,290 168,500 70 40 30 215 115 105 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 214,100 103,150 110,950
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,500 8,000 9,000 9,000 12,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 8,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 360 175 185 610 290 320 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,175 495,345 507,830 335 165 165 555 275 280 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 845,425 417,040 428,380
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 64,600 76,500 53,050 86,000 84,000 89,000 41,400 44,000 38,800 54,450 62,650 46,560 53,050 60,250 46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,003,685 495,595 508,095 335 165 165 555 275 280 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 845,965 417,355 428,610
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 52,500 60,400 44,760 65,600 67,000 64,000 37,200 38,800 35,600 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,680 49,360 40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 909,780 457,395 452,390 315 165 150 455 230 225 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 757,585 378,980 378,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 61,600 74,500 48,520 81,000 78,000 84,000 34,800 38,400 31,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 48,680 57,250 40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 761,230 391,465 369,765 215 115 95 375 190 185 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 622,690 321,515 301,175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 60,450 71,900 48,320 76,500 82,000 69,000 34,800 39,600 29,800 50,280 58,050 42,000 47,360 54,650 39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 879,935 427,945 451,995 295 145 145 530 260 270 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 751,480 363,960 387,525
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,010 8,920 11,050 10,800 8,800 12,800 13,500 12,900 14,000 11,170 10,180 12,060 10,650 9,420 11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 115,600 54,695 60,905 20 0 0 90 50 40 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 83,595 42,755 40,840
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,060 6,620 7,460 10,000 ... ... 7,800 7,400 8,000 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,330 7,060 7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 325,765 158,290 167,480 75 50 25 220 115 105 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 213,970 103,245 110,725
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,350 9,260 9,440 7,600 8,800 5,200 9,000 9,600 8,600 8,920 8,740 9,100 9,000 8,960 9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 360 175 185 615 295 320 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 356,230 200,300 155,925 100 55 45 105 55 50 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 301,310 168,990 132,320
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 72,500 79,000 65,500 97,000 111,000 91,000 50,800 58,800 34,400 63,600 69,000 58,000 62,000 67,000 56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 93,600 105,800 77,800 120,000 140,000 100,000 53,000 64,000 40,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 70,100 76,500 61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 309,535 144,060 165,475 95 55 40 190 95 95 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 237,965 111,525 126,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 20,400 23,000 18,600 32,000 36,000 15,400 20,200 24,400 17,600 18,400 21,000 16,600 19,000 21,600 17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 33,600 39,360 28,560 42,000 42,000 44,000 27,600 33,000 22,400 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,120 34,440 24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 86.4 90.0 81.4 90.0 90.0 88.0 69.0 72.0 65.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8
Employment income (%)19 71.0 74.2 66.4 57.0 70.0 44.0 56.8 62.0 51.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 65.8 69.8 60.4
Government transfers (%)20 13.6 10.1 18.6 11.0 9.2 12.8 31.0 28.0 34.5 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.6 23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.3 1.0 1.7 0.7 x x 3.1 3.2 2.8 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 5.2 4.2 6.6 2.3 3.3 1.4 10.0 10.0 10.0 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.0 4.1 6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 4.7 3.9 5.9 2.0 3.2 0.9 8.6 8.8 8.4 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.3 3.7 5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 330 165 165 585 295 295 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 882,780 436,550 446,230
Without total income 52,710 25,610 27,100 20 5 10 45 20 25 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 37,860 19,525 18,335
With total income 1,003,510 495,570 507,940 315 160 155 535 270 265 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 844,915 417,025 427,890
Under $10,000 (including loss) 88,650 37,295 51,350 15 5 15 40 20 25 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 71,550 33,580 37,975
$10,000 to $19,999 95,485 40,550 54,935 30 10 15 70 30 35 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 92,735 40,045 52,690
$20,000 to $29,999 150,395 67,505 82,885 40 20 20 110 60 50 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 126,965 54,565 72,400
$30,000 to $39,999 120,085 52,190 67,895 35 10 25 95 35 60 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 105,405 45,260 60,150
$40,000 to $49,999 102,800 47,405 55,400 30 10 15 65 30 35 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 96,850 43,305 53,545
$50,000 to $59,999 84,010 40,150 43,855 25 15 10 65 35 30 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 80,190 38,235 41,955
$60,000 to $69,999 69,945 34,995 34,950 25 10 20 40 25 15 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 63,160 33,360 29,800
$70,000 to $79,999 56,175 29,855 26,315 15 10 5 20 10 10 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 49,340 27,775 21,560
$80,000 to $89,999 43,630 24,315 19,315 15 10 10 10 10 0 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 38,610 22,165 16,450
$90,000 to $99,999 36,520 20,230 16,285 15 10 10 5 0 0 965,950 553,435 412,510 30,895 17,430 13,460
$100,000 and over 155,825 101,065 54,765 65 50 20 15 10 5 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 89,220 61,310 27,910
$100,000 to $149,999 90,875 54,255 36,615 40 30 10 15 10 5 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 62,465 40,955 21,510
$150,000 and over 64,950 46,810 18,145 30 15 10 0 0 0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 26,750 20,350 6,400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 330 165 165 585 295 295 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 882,780 436,550 446,230
Without after-tax income 52,205 25,340 26,860 20 5 10 45 20 25 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 37,330 19,230 18,100
With after-tax income 1,004,020 495,845 508,175 315 160 155 535 270 265 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 845,450 417,320 428,130
Under $10,000 (including loss) 92,205 38,635 53,565 25 5 15 40 20 25 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 74,770 34,925 39,840
$10,000 to $19,999 99,660 42,515 57,150 30 15 15 80 40 45 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 96,975 41,905 55,070
$20,000 to $29,999 170,545 76,940 93,605 45 20 25 120 65 55 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 143,230 62,170 81,055
$30,000 to $39,999 139,800 62,515 77,285 40 10 30 105 45 55 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 125,245 55,255 69,990
$40,000 to $49,999 119,345 56,570 62,770 30 15 10 80 40 45 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 113,220 53,350 59,870
$50,000 to $59,999 94,265 46,850 47,410 30 10 20 50 30 25 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 87,685 45,835 41,850
$60,000 to $69,999 71,155 37,840 33,320 20 10 10 30 20 5 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 63,720 35,460 28,260
$70,000 to $79,999 52,530 29,120 23,415 25 15 15 10 5 5 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 47,135 26,270 20,865
$80,000 to $89,999 41,555 22,700 18,850 15 10 10 5 5 0 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 29,945 17,670 12,275
$90,000 to $99,999 28,220 16,610 11,610 10 5 0 0 0 0 643,700 402,325 241,380 19,390 12,375 7,010
$100,000 and over 94,730 65,540 29,195 45 30 15 5 0 5 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 44,145 32,100 12,040
$100,000 to $124,999 39,250 25,260 13,985 20 15 5 5 0 5 792,455 530,970 261,490 24,420 17,370 7,050
$125,000 and over 55,485 40,285 15,205 20 15 5 0 0 0 804,335 578,645 225,695 19,725 14,730 4,990
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,056,220 521,185 535,035 330 165 165 585 295 295 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 882,780 436,550 446,230
Without employment income 294,855 129,955 164,905 140 60 80 215 105 110 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 260,105 114,375 145,735
With employment income 761,365 391,235 370,135 190 105 85 370 190 180 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 622,670 322,175 300,490
Under $5,000 (including loss) 93,565 43,905 49,665 35 15 20 50 25 30 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 90,620 43,400 47,215
$5,000 to $9,999 61,265 26,265 35,000 10 10 5 40 20 25 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 49,340 22,310 27,030
$10,000 to $19,999 84,600 37,635 46,965 15 10 10 50 15 40 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 72,905 33,690 39,215
$20,000 to $29,999 65,430 30,260 35,170 10 5 10 50 25 25 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 58,850 26,960 31,890
$30,000 to $39,999 62,020 29,540 32,480 5 0 0 35 15 20 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 56,210 25,585 30,625
$40,000 to $49,999 60,110 29,420 30,685 15 5 5 45 25 15 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 54,395 25,875 28,520
$50,000 to $59,999 56,160 27,655 28,505 15 5 10 30 15 15 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 47,765 24,415 23,350
$60,000 to $69,999 50,010 25,670 24,345 5 0 0 25 15 10 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 40,940 22,855 18,090
$70,000 to $79,999 40,770 22,575 18,195 5 0 0 15 10 5 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 33,380 19,360 14,015
$80,000 to $89,999 33,160 18,845 14,315 5 0 0 5 5 5 929,490 539,395 390,095 29,020 16,645 12,375
$90,000 to $99,999 29,855 16,295 13,560 15 5 5 0 0 0 760,035 439,505 320,530 23,480 13,565 9,915
$100,000 and over 124,415 83,170 41,245 50 30 15 10 10 0 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 65,770 47,510 18,255
$100,000 to $124,999 49,530 29,135 20,400 15 10 5 10 10 0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 31,845 20,990 10,855
$125,000 and over 74,880 54,035 20,845 35 25 10 5 0 0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 33,925 26,520 7,405
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,056,225 521,185 535,040 330 165 165 590 295 295 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 882,780 436,550 446,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,505 483,190 497,310 310 155 155 530 265 260 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 825,815 406,805 419,010
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,600 51,200 37,600 50,800 66,500 38,000 32,400 34,800 29,800 39,200 45,200 34,000 41,200 48,000 35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 980,815 483,265 497,550 310 155 155 530 265 260 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 826,075 406,845 419,225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 39,200 44,800 34,400 44,800 62,000 34,800 30,000 31,400 28,800 35,200 40,000 31,200 37,200 42,400 32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 897,540 451,120 446,420 295 150 145 445 225 220 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 745,575 372,880 372,700
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 43,200 51,200 36,000 45,200 60,800 34,000 29,000 34,400 22,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 38,400 46,400 31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 762,840 391,880 370,965 200 110 90 370 185 180 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 619,030 320,010 299,020
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 44,400 51,600 38,000 47,600 56,800 35,600 29,200 35,200 24,400 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,400 45,600 32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 833,025 405,905 427,120 260 130 130 480 245 240 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 712,010 346,320 365,690
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 1,140 950 2,740 6,040 1,360 10,100 4,040 1,780 7,900 4,240 1,960 6,450 3,360 1,240 6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 70,610 32,260 38,350 20 10 10 60 30 30 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 69,035 34,850 34,185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,600 5,840 7,300 x x x 5,720 9,000 5,640 5,720 5,560 5,960 6,360 6,240 6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 360 175 185 610 290 320 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,005 482,985 497,015 325 165 160 550 275 275 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 826,385 406,875 419,505
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,200 77,400 51,450 75,200 89,000 60,400 37,200 40,800 33,200 52,350 61,250 43,800 51,350 59,400 43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 980,295 483,045 497,250 325 165 160 550 275 275 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 826,660 406,915 419,740
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 51,800 60,800 43,040 60,200 71,000 48,800 33,200 36,000 30,600 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,960 48,440 37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 897,990 451,595 446,395 305 160 145 460 230 230 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 746,260 372,755 373,505
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 64,500 78,300 50,560 72,500 87,000 57,000 33,800 38,800 29,000 51,040 60,800 41,320 49,600 58,900 40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 762,865 392,125 370,740 210 120 90 390 200 185 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 619,710 319,750 299,965
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 63,450 75,800 50,440 80,000 84,000 76,000 33,400 37,600 28,800 50,560 58,800 41,800 48,320 56,150 39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 833,205 406,035 427,170 265 125 140 505 255 245 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 712,110 346,290 365,820
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 6,005 4,932 7,020 8,400 6,400 10,000 9,440 9,200 9,700 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,580 6,400 8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 70,185 31,980 38,210 20 0 0 80 50 30 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 68,920 34,910 34,015
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,230 7,210 9,090 8,500 ... ... 8,400 8,800 7,600 7,560 6,880 8,210 8,030 7,450 8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,056,230 521,175 535,055 360 175 185 615 295 320 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 352,800 198,465 154,335 100 55 45 95 55 40 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 299,100 167,785 131,315
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 69,500 76,500 62,400 98,000 111,000 89,000 53,200 59,600 43,600 60,000 66,000 53,600 58,800 65,000 52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 91,200 104,000 74,800 108,000 124,000 84,000 56,000 64,000 44,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 67,100 74,200 57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 292,225 136,270 155,955 95 55 35 185 100 85 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 222,840 104,130 118,710
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 28,800 32,400 26,000 31,600 31,600 47,600 22,000 26,600 22,000 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,400 28,600 21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 43,240 51,500 36,040 61,000 56,000 72,000 30,200 36,500 22,800 35,200 41,280 29,720 34,880 41,840 28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 92.0 94.6 88.2 92.0 94.0 84.0 76.5 79.0 74.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.2 90.8 82.6
Employment income (%) 77.0 79.6 73.2 68.0 66.0 70.0 63.2 67.0 58.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 70.6 74.2 65.6
Government transfers (%) 7.9 5.4 11.7 9.0 5.4 14.4 23.4 20.8 26.4 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.7 9.2 17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%) 0.9 0.6 1.4 0.9 x x 3.4 4.0 2.4 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 502,305 ... ... 155 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,580 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 98,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 132,690 ... ... 30 ... ... 50 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 130,105 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 50,000 ... ... 52,400 ... ... 44,400 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 42,400 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 44,000 ... ... 45,600 ... ... 40,800 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 38,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 369,610 ... ... 130 ... ... 185 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 319,475 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 119,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 103,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,580 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 129,000 ... ... 178,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 99,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 104,900 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 84,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 132,725 ... ... 25 ... ... 45 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 129,935 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 67,900 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 58,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 55,300 ... ... 52,000 ... ... 50,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,680 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 369,575 ... ... 130 ... ... 195 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 319,645 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 151,000 ... ... 204,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 118,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 122,700 ... ... 154,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 100,100 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 502,305 ... ... 155 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,580 ... ...
Under $5,000 5,975 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 5,030 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,895 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 2,640 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 3,930 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 4,645 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,410 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 8,295 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 14,160 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 19,430 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 14,505 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 15,705 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 12,430 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 14,730 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 14,120 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 17,200 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 15,160 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 17,145 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 15,195 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 17,225 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 30,875 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 33,580 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 31,950 ... ... 5 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 32,145 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 31,405 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 30,370 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 29,885 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 28,270 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 28,640 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 26,025 ... ...
$100,000 and over 245,760 ... ... 90 ... ... 85 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 177,135 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 61,565 ... ... 15 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 53,545 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 47,245 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 39,320 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 61,440 ... ... 25 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 47,170 ... ...
$200,000 and over 75,515 ... ... 35 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 37,100 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 502,305 ... ... 155 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,580 ... ...
Under $5,000 6,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 5,735 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 2,985 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 2,730 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 4,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 4,800 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 5,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 8,635 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 15,290 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 20,715 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 16,415 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 17,735 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 14,475 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 17,085 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 16,635 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 20,380 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 18,230 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 20,090 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 18,030 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 19,875 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 37,875 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 39,515 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 38,390 ... ... 5 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 37,680 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 36,910 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 35,090 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 35,205 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 31,875 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 31,690 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 28,180 ... ...
$100,000 and over 203,605 ... ... 80 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 139,455 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 64,210 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 54,690 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 45,680 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 35,800 ... ...
$150,000 and over 93,720 ... ... 45 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 48,965 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 350,080 ... ... 125 ... ... 180 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 306,550 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 118,000 ... ... 137,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 102,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 3.1 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 119,715 ... ... 55 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 124,905 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 107,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 61,600 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 170,690 ... ... 60 ... ... 100 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 125,315 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 142,000 ... ... 194,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 130,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 122,000 ... ... 159,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 47,790 ... ... 15 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 47,700 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 74,500 ... ... x ... ... 60,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 62,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 68,500 ... ... x ... ... 57,200 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 59,200 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.7 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 196,265 100,210 96,060 30 15 15 95 55 45 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 171,275 86,725 84,555
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 44,000 45,200 43,200 52,800 x x 32,400 29,200 37,600 38,400 40,000 36,800 39,200 41,200 37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 39,600 40,000 38,800 47,200 x x 31,000 28,000 35,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 35,600 36,800 34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 350,020 ... ... 135 ... ... 190 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 306,600 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 151,600 ... ... 196,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 118,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 122,800 ... ... 150,000 ... ... 93,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 99,800 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 119,860 ... ... 45 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 125,115 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 140,800 ... ... 260,000 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 111,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 113,200 ... ... 175,000 ... ... 66,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 170,590 ... ... 70 ... ... 105 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 125,520 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 178,600 ... ... 220,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 145,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 143,200 ... ... 175,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 121,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 47,630 ... ... 20 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 47,570 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 89,200 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 73,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 77,600 ... ... 52,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 65,900 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 196,265 100,075 96,185 30 0 20 70 40 35 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 171,095 86,755 84,335
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 59,850 61,150 58,550 64,000 x 50,000 42,000 36,000 48,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,640 52,300 46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 49,480 50,080 48,880 52,000 x 45,000 37,000 32,000 40,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,960 43,200 40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 415 205 210 745 380 370 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 1,103,200 549,475 553,730
0 to 17 years 279,980 143,740 136,235 105 50 55 190 100 85 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 261,770 134,340 127,430
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 25 10 15 55 25 30 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 83,310 42,545 40,765
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,605 424,880 200 105 95 435 210 220 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 657,835 328,185 329,655
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 110 50 60 125 65 60 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 183,595 86,950 96,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 115,560 55,845 59,720 20 10 10 100 45 50 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 147,955 71,010 76,945
0 to 17 years 30,045 15,495 14,550 5 0 5 40 25 15 854,565 439,490 415,075 45,500 23,280 22,215
0 to 5 years 9,980 5,085 4,895 0 0 0 15 5 5 282,315 144,250 138,065 15,520 7,735 7,790
18 to 64 years 68,060 33,225 34,835 10 5 10 45 20 25 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 74,450 36,410 38,040
65 years and over 17,455 7,120 10,335 5 0 5 5 5 0 985,745 391,695 594,050 28,000 11,315 16,690
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 9.0 8.7 9.2 4.5 4.0 5.0 13.0 12.8 13.2 11.1 10.5 11.6 13.4 12.9 13.9
0 to 17 years (%) 10.7 10.8 10.7 4.0 x x 22.0 24.0 18.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 17.4 17.3 17.4
0 to 5 years (%) 11.1 11.0 11.1 x x x 20.0 20.0 25.0 12.7 12.7 12.7 18.6 18.2 19.1
18 to 64 years (%) 8.1 7.9 8.2 6.0 6.0 6.0 11.2 9.5 13.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 11.3 11.1 11.5
65 years and over (%) 10.4 9.0 11.7 x x x 6.0 6.0 x 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.3 13.0 17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 415 205 210 750 375 370 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 1,047,470 521,355 526,115
0 to 17 years 279,975 143,740 136,235 105 50 55 190 100 85 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 239,370 122,980 116,385
0 to 5 years 90,035 46,090 43,945 20 10 10 55 25 30 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 76,215 39,020 37,195
18 to 64 years 844,490 419,610 424,880 200 100 95 430 215 225 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 628,090 313,165 314,925
65 years and over 167,305 78,810 88,495 115 50 60 125 65 65 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 180,015 85,205 94,805
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 74,755 38,790 35,970 10 5 5 60 35 20 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 42,310 22,585 19,730
0 to 17 years 16,260 8,345 7,910 5 0 0 15 10 5 319,545 164,490 155,060 10,250 5,365 4,890
0 to 5 years 5,165 2,630 2,530 0 0 0 5 5 0 99,435 50,875 48,560 3,285 1,675 1,610
18 to 64 years 52,615 27,685 24,930 5 0 0 40 25 15 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 29,210 15,830 13,375
65 years and over 5,885 2,755 3,135 0 0 0 5 0 5 199,155 83,010 116,145 2,850 1,390 1,465
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 5.8 6.0 5.5 2.4 x x 7.6 9.5 5.6 5.2 5.4 5.0 4.0 4.3 3.8
0 to 17 years (%) 5.8 5.8 5.8 x x x 8.0 12.0 x 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.2
0 to 5 years (%) 5.7 5.7 5.8 x x x 8.0 x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.3 4.3
18 to 64 years (%) 6.2 6.6 5.9 3.0 x x 9.0 11.0 7.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.7 5.1 4.3
65 years and over (%) 3.5 3.5 3.5 x x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 1.6 1.6 1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,291,770 642,160 649,610 415 205 210 745 380 370 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 1,103,200 549,475 553,730
In bottom half of the distribution 567,165 277,385 289,775 120 50 65 490 250 240 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 580,685 283,030 297,655
In bottom decile 107,675 54,440 53,230 15 5 0 90 50 45 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 129,985 64,240 65,750
In second decile 113,610 53,540 60,065 25 15 15 115 55 55 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 119,140 55,775 63,370
In third decile 112,705 54,705 58,005 25 10 10 100 50 50 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 112,825 54,665 58,160
In fourth decile 115,075 56,390 58,690 20 10 15 100 45 50 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 110,110 54,280 55,835
In fifth decile 118,100 58,310 59,790 35 15 20 80 45 40 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 108,615 54,070 54,540
In top half of the distribution 724,605 364,770 359,830 300 155 145 255 125 125 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 522,520 266,445 256,075
In sixth decile 122,380 60,845 61,535 35 20 20 90 45 45 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 107,950 54,265 53,680
In seventh decile 125,895 62,890 63,005 35 10 20 80 35 40 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 108,365 54,950 53,415
In eighth decile 132,170 66,300 65,865 65 35 30 35 20 15 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 108,465 55,155 53,315
In ninth decile 145,410 73,125 72,290 75 40 35 45 25 20 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 106,220 54,550 51,670
In top decile 198,750 101,615 97,135 90 50 40 0 0 0 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 91,515 47,520 44,000
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,291,770 ... ... 415 ... ... 750 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 1,103,200 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.376 ... ... 0.303 ... ... 0.275 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.332 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.471 ... ... 0.390 ... ... 0.440 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.447 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.327 ... ... 0.262 ... ... 0.242 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.293 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.1 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 415 205 210 750 375 370 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 1,116,045 555,220 560,825
English only 1,177,415 591,385 586,025 380 190 190 690 350 340 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 1,055,000 527,580 527,420
French only 825 350 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 450 210 235
English and French 85,355 39,160 46,200 35 15 25 15 10 5 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 51,970 23,490 28,480
Neither English nor French 32,520 13,125 19,395 0 0 0 40 15 25 689,725 284,170 405,555 8,625 3,940 4,685
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 415 205 210 750 375 370 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 1,116,045 555,220 560,825
English 1,240,980 619,695 621,280 415 205 210 705 360 345 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 1,094,690 545,105 549,585
French 16,810 8,335 8,480 0 0 0 10 5 0 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 11,335 5,500 5,835
English and French 6,620 3,275 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 476,175 237,635 238,535 1,815 905 905
Neither English nor French 31,705 12,710 18,995 0 0 0 35 15 25 673,100 275,685 397,420 8,200 3,705 4,495
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 415 205 210 750 375 370 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 1,116,045 555,220 560,825
Single responses 1,229,455 611,620 617,835 410 205 205 690 340 340 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 1,082,470 538,920 543,550
Official languages 846,405 428,260 418,145 370 185 185 355 180 175 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 924,330 461,055 463,275
English 830,305 420,265 410,040 365 185 185 345 175 170 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 911,765 454,950 456,815
French 16,100 7,990 8,105 0 0 0 5 5 0 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 12,565 6,105 6,460
Non-official languages 383,050 183,360 199,690 40 15 20 335 165 165 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 158,135 77,865 80,275
Indigenous languages39 580 240 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 148,895 71,630 77,265 20,785 9,935 10,850
Algonquian languages 415 165 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,125 46,545 50,580 14,490 6,910 7,575
Blackfoot 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 5 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 67,665 32,715 34,950 13,810 6,595 7,215
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0 0 0
Cree languages 185 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,070 25,645 27,430 13,810 6,595 7,215
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 300 280 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,460 1,675 1,785 45 25 25
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 440 220 215
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 3,005 1,440 1,570
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,850 1,370 1,480 1,255 580 670
Cree, n.o.s. 125 45 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,535 18,810 19,725 9,060 4,325 4,735
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 310 315 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,155 2,415 2,745 5 5 5
Mi'kmaq 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,910 2,290 2,620 5 5 5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 55 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,775 10,230 11,550 670 310 355
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 865 400 460 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 5 5 5
Ojibway languages 45 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 665 310 350
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 235 235 10 5 5
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 590 275 310
Ojibway, n.o.s. 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 60 25 35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 50 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 5,790 2,790 2,995
Northern Athabaskan languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 5,780 2,785 2,995
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 5,780 2,785 2,995
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 120 150 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 10 5 5
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,790 16,480 17,315 30 5 25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 0 0 0
Inuktitut 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,240 16,955 25 5 25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 150 205 5 5 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Mohawk 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 115 155 5 5 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 0 0 0
Michif 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 260 125 140
Salish languages 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Siouan languages 80 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 200 95 105
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 60 30 25
Dakota 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 120 50 75
Stoney 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 20 10 10
Tsimshian languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 155 170 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 5 0 5
Non-Indigenous languages 382,470 183,120 199,345 40 15 20 335 165 165 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 137,355 67,925 69,430
Afro-Asiatic languages 34,290 17,610 16,680 0 0 0 75 40 35 698,355 359,625 338,730 7,795 3,935 3,860
Berber languages 125 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,490 14,715 12,775 5 5 5
Kabyle 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,760 13,130 11,625 5 5 5
Tamazight 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,340 1,365 975 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 225 170 0 0 0
Chadic languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,985 1,085 905 50 25 25
Hausa 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 740 570 50 25 25
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 340 335 0 0 0
Coptic 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 510 505 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,410 23,275 26,135 1,010 480 530
Bilen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,020 1,085 935 110 60 50
Oromo 1,370 685 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 115 60 55
Somali 1,600 795 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,730 18,775 21,955 690 320 365
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 25 20 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 400 350 95 40 55
Semitic languages 30,935 15,925 15,005 0 0 0 70 40 35 618,450 320,045 298,405 6,730 3,425 3,300
Amharic 4,460 2,140 2,315 0 0 0 15 10 5 25,685 12,090 13,600 370 170 195
Arabic 20,395 10,695 9,705 0 0 0 55 25 30 508,410 265,350 243,060 4,610 2,370 2,235
Aramaic languages 635 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,690 13,465 14,220 665 330 340
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 325 160 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,220 8,320 8,900 345 170 175
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,335 4,525 275 130 150
Aramaic, n.o.s. 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,600 805 795 50 25 20
Harari 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 550 675 0 0 0
Hebrew 455 225 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,495 10,505 8,995 50 25 25
Maltese 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,425 2,080 2,340 5 0 0
Tigrigna 4,890 2,510 2,380 0 0 0 10 5 5 31,075 15,775 15,300 1,010 515 495
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 235 220 15 10 5
Austro-Asiatic languages 13,755 6,180 7,575 0 0 0 5 0 0 192,985 87,230 105,750 3,590 1,705 1,880
Khmer (Cambodian) 795 365 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,525 8,820 10,705 125 65 65
Vietnamese 12,855 5,750 7,100 0 0 0 5 0 0 173,000 78,180 94,820 3,455 1,645 1,815
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 110 60 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 230 225 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 51,040 22,530 28,505 0 0 0 25 10 15 565,375 238,875 326,500 27,210 12,750 14,460
Bikol 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,115 940 1,180 120 55 60
Bisaya, n.o.s. 865 370 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,215 3,425 4,790 580 270 315
Cebuano 1,840 815 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,945 7,800 11,145 1,365 620 745
Fijian 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 30 20 10
Hiligaynon 955 405 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,690 3,900 5,795 365 175 185
Ilocano 3,435 1,545 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,520 14,140 19,380 1,085 490 590
Indonesian 665 270 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,910 4,990 6,920 90 35 55
Kankanaey 190 80 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,100 465 640 100 40 55
Kinaray-a 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 30 15 15
Malagasy languages 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 990 1,090 5 0 0
Merina 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 580 670 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 415 425 5 0 0
Malay 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 570 760 15 5 10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 460 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,615 2,635 2,980 290 140 150
Pangasinan 195 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,050 900 1,150 60 25 35
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 41,375 18,235 23,135 0 0 0 20 10 15 461,150 194,805 266,345 22,680 10,680 12,010
Waray-Waray 155 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 690 935 105 45 55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 420 180 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,740 2,035 2,705 295 140 160
Creole languages 560 275 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,235 35,650 42,580 225 110 110
Haitian Creole 165 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,435 23,355 29,085 20 10 10
Jamaican English Creole 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 315 290 15 5 5
Krio 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 435 5 0 5
Morisyen 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,125 3,015 3,110 90 40 50
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 280 300 5 5 0
Creole, n.o.s. 145 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,550 7,325 8,230 65 35 30
Creole languages, n.i.e. 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,000 1,140 30 10 15
Dravidian languages 6,430 3,300 3,125 0 0 0 0 5 5 244,165 125,180 118,990 2,645 1,450 1,190
Kannada 355 180 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,240 3,215 3,020 95 40 50
Malayalam 2,655 1,335 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,050 29,375 24,670 1,660 915 745
Tamil 2,095 1,095 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 152,850 75,010 77,845 440 235 205
Telugu 1,255 660 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,045 17,095 12,950 430 245 185
Tulu 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 310 305 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 170 195 10 10 5
Georgian 120 70 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,180 1,175 1,005 5 0 5
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 305 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 182,725 89,715 93,015 30 10 20 200 100 95 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 73,910 37,200 36,715
Albanian 1,330 695 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,265 14,690 14,580 325 170 150
Armenian 260 135 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,720 16,335 17,385 115 60 60
Balto-Slavic languages 27,355 12,635 14,725 10 5 5 0 5 0 648,810 297,100 351,710 13,790 6,380 7,410
Baltic languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,560 4,425 6,135 145 70 75
Latvian 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 1,875 2,555 80 40 45
Lithuanian 270 130 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,130 2,555 3,580 60 35 30
Slavic languages 26,925 12,430 14,490 10 5 5 0 5 0 638,250 292,670 345,580 13,640 6,305 7,330
Belarusian 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 325 395 0 0 0
Bulgarian 785 395 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,035 9,090 9,950 70 30 40
Czech 1,190 545 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,025 9,215 10,815 170 75 95
Macedonian 135 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,795 7,075 7,720 50 25 25
Polish 6,845 3,190 3,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 160,170 72,120 88,050 1,335 595 740
Russian 9,460 4,205 5,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 197,905 89,100 108,800 2,565 1,180 1,385
Rusyn 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 240 255 215 105 110
Serbo-Croatian 4,440 2,150 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,735 56,900 59,835 1,080 550 530
Bosnian 780 380 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,820 6,785 7,040 245 120 120
Croatian 1,755 830 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,500 20,755 22,740 360 175 185
Serbian 1,830 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,425 28,410 29,015 445 240 200
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,995 945 1,045 25 15 20
Slovak 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,255 6,930 8,320 65 35 30
Slovene (Slovenian) 195 85 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,965 3,425 4,535 55 25 35
Ukrainian 2,900 1,315 1,585 5 0 0 0 0 0 84,705 38,005 46,695 8,030 3,685 4,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 235 205 5 0 5
Celtic languages 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 1,110 1,045 60 30 25
Irish 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 355 315 10 5 5
Scottish Gaelic 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 210 20 15 0
Welsh 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 410 420 25 15 15
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 135 95 5 5 5
Germanic languages 12,360 5,935 6,430 10 5 10 0 0 0 463,400 221,365 242,035 21,360 10,450 10,905
Frisian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 800 775 15 5 5
High German languages 7,370 3,450 3,915 10 0 5 0 0 0 301,570 142,580 158,990 16,020 7,795 8,225
German 7,100 3,315 3,790 10 0 5 0 0 0 272,865 128,250 144,615 15,875 7,715 8,160
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 5 0 5
Swiss German 210 105 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,575 3,740 3,835 115 65 50
Yiddish 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,060 6,060 6,005 20 10 10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 3,940 1,950 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,655 67,815 70,840 4,795 2,400 2,395
Afrikaans 905 445 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,270 6,175 6,095 1,360 720 640
Dutch 2,750 1,370 1,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,315 39,000 41,310 1,020 520 505
Low German, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 540 255 285
Low Saxon 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 625 60 25 30
Plautdietsch 180 75 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,410 16,785 1,765 855 910
Vlaams (Flemish) 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,935 1,325 1,605 55 25 30
Scandinavian languages 1,000 495 505 5 5 0 0 0 0 20,275 9,500 10,775 515 245 275
Danish 560 295 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,945 4,750 5,195 205 110 95
Icelandic 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 430 480 30 15 15
Norwegian 165 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,535 1,675 1,860 195 85 105
Swedish 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,890 2,645 3,245 90 35 50
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 670 660 15 5 10
Greek 1,385 640 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,335 45,860 47,470 805 415 390
Indo-Iranian languages 98,325 49,490 48,840 0 0 0 180 95 85 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 30,330 16,195 14,135
Indo-Aryan languages 85,530 43,050 42,485 0 0 0 175 90 85 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 27,930 14,925 13,005
Assamese 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 10 10 5
Bengali 4,350 2,175 2,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,580 45,160 42,425 3,680 1,925 1,760
Gujarati 6,290 3,245 3,045 0 0 0 5 0 5 138,985 73,335 65,655 5,175 2,930 2,245
Hindi 7,905 3,990 3,920 0 0 0 10 5 5 152,825 79,585 73,240 2,395 1,375 1,020
Kacchi 1,030 455 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,930 3,100 3,830 10 5 10
Kashmiri 75 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 745 395 350 20 10 10
Konkani 160 75 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,425 1,675 1,745 30 20 15
Marathi 980 495 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,145 7,330 6,810 175 100 80
Nepali 2,195 1,135 1,065 0 0 0 10 5 10 23,425 11,920 11,510 745 390 355
Oriya languages 95 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,775 940 835 45 30 15
Odia 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,125 615 510 35 25 10
Oriya, n.o.s. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 325 320 10 5 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 43,685 21,975 21,710 0 0 0 120 60 60 666,585 341,515 325,065 8,555 4,570 3,985
Rohingya 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Sindhi 285 150 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 2,070 1,915 140 80 60
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 960 475 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,000 8,895 9,110 285 130 155
Urdu 16,835 8,445 8,390 0 0 0 20 10 10 235,290 118,540 116,755 6,510 3,285 3,225
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 625 330 290 0 0 0 5 0 5 3,865 2,085 1,780 145 85 65
Iranian languages 12,760 6,425 6,335 0 0 0 10 10 5 300,555 150,160 150,390 2,390 1,265 1,125
Baluchi 50 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 305 250 70 35 30
Kurdish 1,055 515 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,485 8,770 7,715 170 95 75
Parsi 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 240 5 0 5
Pashto 1,960 1,000 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,520 10,170 9,355 480 275 205
Persian languages 9,625 4,835 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,625 130,180 132,440 1,660 855 805
Dari 2,800 1,400 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,220 28,070 29,155 390 205 190
Iranian Persian 5,565 2,800 2,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 179,425 89,070 90,360 1,105 565 540
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,255 635 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,975 13,040 12,930 165 85 75
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 425 390 10 5 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 165 140 10 5 5
Italic (Romance) languages 41,550 20,105 21,450 5 5 5 10 5 5 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 7,130 3,495 3,635
Catalan 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 470 440 0 0 0
Italian 4,100 2,060 2,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 319,505 154,295 165,205 595 295 300
Portuguese 4,065 1,935 2,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 240,680 115,235 125,450 875 385 490
Romanian 4,155 2,045 2,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,160 44,185 48,975 735 360 380
Spanish 29,175 14,035 15,135 0 0 0 5 5 0 538,870 259,500 279,375 4,915 2,450 2,465
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 610 550 15 5 5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 195 185 5 0 0
Japanese 2,195 735 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,850 14,205 29,650 250 75 180
Korean 10,205 4,705 5,510 0 0 0 0 0 0 170,400 77,075 93,325 1,690 815 880
Mongolian 450 200 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 800 1,050 45 20 25
Niger-Congo languages 5,870 2,945 2,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,295 52,850 55,440 2,890 1,485 1,405
Akan (Twi) 620 315 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,120 6,400 6,720 220 115 110
Bamanankan 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,855 1,000 860 5 5 0
Edo 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,685 745 940 25 15 10
Éwé 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 1,030 920 40 25 20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,520 1,825 1,695 10 5 5
Ga 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 400 415 20 10 10
Ganda 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,890 885 1,010 45 15 25
Gikuyu 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 320 440 10 5 5
Igbo 730 380 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 2,720 2,460 305 170 135
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,380 3,365 4,015 150 75 75
Lingala 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,925 2,335 40 20 25
Luba-Kasai 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 245 275 10 5 5
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 260 260 0 0 0
Mwani 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 365 325 25 15 10
Ndebele 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 420 500 30 15 15
Rundi (Kirundi) 140 60 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,660 4,035 4,625 190 90 100
Shona 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,605 1,665 1,940 105 50 55
Soninke 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 315 190 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 200 320 25 10 15
Swahili 725 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,000 7,630 8,370 445 225 215
Wojenaka 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 0 0 0
Wolof 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,605 2,285 10 5 5
Yoruba 1,685 880 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,015 7,605 7,410 835 435 400
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 700 335 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,000 6,405 6,590 345 165 185
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,270 640 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,920 3,565 3,355 470 255 220
Dinka 535 295 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 1,000 865 150 80 70
Nuer 375 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 55 30 25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 305 155 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,395 1,745 1,645 230 115 110
African, n.o.s. 55 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 575 305 270 40 30 10
Sign languages 230 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,955 3,710 3,250 165 85 85
American Sign Language 185 100 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,635 2,335 125 60 65
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 990 520 465 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 555 450 40 20 20
Sino-Tibetan languages 67,255 31,260 36,000 5 5 5 30 10 15 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 14,515 7,115 7,395
Chinese languages 65,980 30,640 35,335 5 5 5 25 10 10 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 13,470 6,595 6,875
Hakka 280 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 4,420 5,345 25 15 15
Mandarin 31,270 14,465 16,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 679,255 310,750 368,510 9,150 4,495 4,655
Min Dong 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 665 645 5 5 5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,205 515 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,805 12,415 15,390 155 80 80
Wu (Shanghainese) 250 125 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,880 3,995 4,880 70 35 35
Yue (Cantonese) 32,065 14,990 17,075 5 0 5 20 10 10 553,380 255,540 297,835 3,765 1,825 1,935
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 380 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,610 5,500 6,110 285 140 145
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 295 330 10 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,235 600 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,600 8,160 8,445 1,015 510 510
Burmese 255 120 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,305 1,590 1,710 135 70 65
Kuki-Chin languages 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 475 35 20 15
Karenic languages 220 110 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 785 395 390
S'gaw Karen 170 85 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 675 350 330
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 55 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 305 315 105 45 60
Tibetan 635 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,025 3,475 3,545 20 5 15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 445 440 45 20 25
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 285 295 20 10 10
Tai-Kadai languages 1,070 390 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,350 8,605 13,745 420 170 245
Lao 415 195 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,485 5,475 6,010 270 130 135
Thai 620 175 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,455 2,960 7,495 145 40 105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 165 240 5 0 5
Turkic languages 1,870 1,000 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,520 28,385 25,135 400 200 200
Azerbaijani 240 135 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,490 2,460 2,030 50 30 20
Kazakh 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 540 230 305 5 5 5
Turkish 1,340 730 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,190 23,615 20,570 295 155 145
Uyghur 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 660 690 10 5 5
Uzbek 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,805 890 920 35 15 20
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 530 620 10 5 5
Uralic languages 3,070 1,415 1,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,180 31,000 37,180 1,085 525 565
Estonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,485 1,945 2,535 20 10 10
Finnish 240 85 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,200 5,075 7,120 150 65 90
Hungarian 2,765 1,300 1,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,500 23,980 27,525 910 450 465
Other languages, n.i.e. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,060 540 520 40 25 20
Multiple responses 66,660 32,400 34,265 5 0 5 55 30 25 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 33,575 16,305 17,275
English and French 5,245 2,530 2,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 291,325 142,420 148,905 3,525 1,700 1,825
English and non-official language(s) 53,970 26,410 27,560 5 0 5 55 35 20 921,480 450,685 470,800 27,035 13,180 13,855
French and non-official language(s) 1,145 565 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 117,910 57,875 60,040 350 175 175
English, French and non-official language(s) 1,015 465 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,880 25,900 26,975 415 195 220
Multiple non-official languages 5,295 2,430 2,865 0 0 0 5 0 0 92,095 42,330 49,765 2,250 1,055 1,200
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 415 205 210 750 375 370 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 1,116,045 555,220 560,825
English 858,205 432,905 425,300 385 190 190 345 180 170 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 938,715 467,760 470,955
French 3,800 1,885 1,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 2,095 1,010 1,080
Non-official language 119,530 56,930 62,595 10 0 5 120 65 55 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 41,955 20,925 21,035
Indigenous39 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,460 25,385 25,080 4,235 2,105 2,135
Non-Indigenous 119,485 56,915 62,570 10 0 5 120 65 55 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 37,720 18,820 18,895
English and French 12,035 5,650 6,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 953,760 465,560 488,205 7,920 3,650 4,265
English and non-official language(s) 283,170 137,555 145,610 25 10 10 270 130 135 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 118,480 58,500 59,980
French and non-official language(s) 525 235 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 395,320 188,195 207,125 280 135 140
English, French and non-official language(s) 6,990 3,275 3,715 0 0 0 5 0 0 455,760 217,995 237,770 2,595 1,230 1,360
Multiple non-official languages 11,860 5,575 6,290 0 0 0 5 0 0 200,320 93,165 107,155 4,005 2,005 2,000
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,296,120 644,020 652,095 415 205 210 750 375 370 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 1,116,045 555,220 560,825
Single responses 1,226,245 609,935 616,315 410 200 205 650 330 320 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 1,084,685 539,755 544,930
Official languages 983,495 492,440 491,055 395 195 200 440 225 215 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 993,865 494,130 499,730
English 977,675 489,585 488,090 395 195 200 440 225 215 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 990,645 492,580 498,070
French 5,820 2,860 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 3,215 1,550 1,665
Non-official languages 242,750 117,500 125,255 10 5 10 210 105 105 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 90,820 45,625 45,195
Indigenous languages39 105 40 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,835 42,950 42,885 9,060 4,505 4,560
Algonquian languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,135 25,010 25,120 4,890 2,475 2,420
Blackfoot 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,255 19,165 19,090 4,780 2,415 2,370
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0
Cree languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,700 13,425 13,270 4,780 2,415 2,370
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 0 5 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,225 1,315 15 5 5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 360 195 115 90
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 865 440 430
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 430 405 455 235 215
Cree, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,585 10,400 10,180 3,250 1,625 1,630
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 110 60 50
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 110 55 50
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 70 5 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 95 50 45
Ojibway, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 10 5 5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 4,030 1,965 2,070
Northern Athabaskan languages 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 4,025 1,955 2,070
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 4,025 1,955 2,070
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 390 315 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 220 175 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,295 13,695 13,600 5 0 5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,140 13,625 13,520 5 0 5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 100 50 45
Salish languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 30 10 20
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 10 5 5
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 15 10 10
Stoney 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 242,650 117,455 125,195 10 5 10 210 105 105 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 81,760 41,125 40,635
Afro-Asiatic languages 21,960 10,980 10,975 0 0 0 45 25 20 395,840 197,010 198,830 5,140 2,505 2,630
Berber languages 45 30 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0 0 0
Kabyle 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0 0 0
Tamazight 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 455 380 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 155 130 0 0 0
Chadic languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 425 410 10 10 5
Hausa 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 330 305 10 10 5
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 95 105 0 0 0
Coptic 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 2,135 1,040 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,375 14,115 16,260 680 325 360
Bilen 130 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,645 890 760 85 50 40
Oromo 995 495 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 85 40 45
Somali 1,010 470 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,410 11,075 13,335 435 200 230
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 215 205 75 35 40
Semitic languages 19,740 9,895 9,845 0 0 0 45 25 20 352,790 176,270 176,520 4,445 2,175 2,270
Amharic 2,800 1,320 1,485 0 0 0 10 10 5 14,030 6,470 7,565 195 95 105
Arabic 12,395 6,275 6,120 0 0 0 30 10 10 285,915 143,650 142,260 3,055 1,500 1,560
Aramaic languages 485 230 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,740 9,940 10,800 455 210 245
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 250 120 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,935 6,150 6,785 225 95 125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 150 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,585 3,185 3,400 200 95 105
Aramaic, n.o.s. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 605 615 30 20 15
Harari 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 305 380 0 0 0
Hebrew 235 115 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,515 4,355 4,160 20 10 10
Maltese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 360 435 0 0 0
Tigrigna 3,765 1,920 1,845 0 0 0 5 5 0 21,860 11,050 10,810 710 360 350
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 135 115 10 10 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 9,355 4,270 5,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 127,730 58,660 69,070 2,735 1,340 1,400
Khmer (Cambodian) 430 190 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,765 5,880 40 15 25
Vietnamese 8,840 4,030 4,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,785 53,735 63,055 2,700 1,325 1,370
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 135 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 32,480 15,230 17,250 0 0 0 10 5 10 326,245 149,550 176,700 16,905 8,200 8,705
Bikol 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 370 395 60 25 30
Bisaya, n.o.s. 470 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,125 1,895 2,230 315 150 160
Cebuano 1,090 530 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,195 4,720 5,480 740 360 385
Fijian 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 15 10 5
Hiligaynon 520 250 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,265 2,750 205 100 105
Ilocano 2,135 990 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,350 8,350 10,000 490 235 255
Indonesian 225 115 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,150 1,985 2,170 20 10 15
Kankanaey 110 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 265 320 40 20 20
Kinaray-a 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 150 170 30 15 15
Malagasy languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 370 355 10 5 5
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 165 170 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 205 190 10 5 5
Malay 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 145 140 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 240 120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,030 1,435 1,590 155 75 75
Pangasinan 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 310 375 10 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 27,210 12,710 14,500 0 0 0 10 5 10 275,045 125,870 149,170 14,610 7,085 7,520
Waray-Waray 70 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 325 360 50 25 30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,100 1,000 1,105 150 75 75
Creole languages 325 155 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,195 15,455 19,740 105 45 65
Haitian Creole 115 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,610 9,620 12,990 5 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 125 175 10 0 5
Krio 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 150 210 0 0 0
Morisyen 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,640 1,760 1,880 50 20 25
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 135 160 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,120 3,275 3,845 25 10 15
Creole languages, n.i.e. 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 395 475 20 10 10
Dravidian languages 4,160 2,085 2,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 169,705 85,265 84,440 1,765 940 825
Kannada 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,060 1,575 1,485 40 20 20
Malayalam 1,785 890 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,390 19,010 16,380 1,175 640 535
Tamil 1,395 710 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,335 54,240 58,095 275 130 140
Telugu 760 375 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,470 10,215 8,250 260 140 120
Tulu 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 120 120 5 5 5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 105 10 5 0
Georgian 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,335 730 610 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 112,245 55,440 56,805 10 5 5 140 70 70 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 40,455 20,825 19,625
Albanian 610 325 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 7,005 7,100 140 65 70
Armenian 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,970 10,415 11,550 55 25 30
Balto-Slavic languages 12,980 6,225 6,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 303,480 143,495 159,985 4,420 2,220 2,200
Baltic languages 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,495 1,120 1,380 75 40 40
Latvian 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 395 485 40 20 20
Lithuanian 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 720 895 35 20 15
Slavic languages 12,790 6,130 6,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 300,985 142,375 158,610 4,345 2,185 2,160
Belarusian 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 115 0 0 0
Bulgarian 360 175 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,315 5,005 5,310 40 25 20
Czech 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,680 2,705 2,980 20 10 10
Macedonian 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,105 2,880 3,225 30 20 15
Polish 2,795 1,345 1,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,140 30,225 34,915 330 150 180
Russian 6,055 2,880 3,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,780 59,290 66,490 1,575 795 785
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 150 70 80
Serbo-Croatian 1,860 905 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,150 25,720 27,430 465 235 230
Bosnian 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 3,135 3,345 85 40 45
Croatian 650 300 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,925 6,965 7,960 120 60 60
Serbian 895 440 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,110 15,310 15,800 255 135 120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 315 325 10 5 5
Slovak 350 165 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,410 2,605 15 5 10
Slovene (Slovenian) 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,375 595 785 5 5 0
Ukrainian 905 435 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,825 13,250 14,580 1,700 870 830
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 0 0 0
Celtic languages 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 295 265 10 0 5
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 165 145 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 55 5 5 0
Welsh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 5 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 0 0 0
Germanic languages 1,535 735 805 5 0 5 0 0 0 140,450 68,575 71,875 9,335 4,615 4,715
Frisian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 110 155 5 0 0
High German languages 665 320 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 103,780 50,460 53,325 7,845 3,845 4,000
German 640 305 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,820 41,815 45,005 7,820 3,835 3,990
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,750 870 875 25 15 10
Yiddish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 725 345 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,710 16,730 16,980 1,455 755 695
Afrikaans 435 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,095 3,055 3,035 875 465 415
Dutch 275 125 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,100 3,950 4,150 110 60 55
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 190 90 95
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 15 10 5
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 260 130 130
Vlaams (Flemish) 20 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 120 5 5 5
Scandinavian languages 130 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 920 1,020 25 10 15
Danish 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 280 340 5 0 5
Icelandic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 95 0 0 0
Norwegian 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 125 135 10 5 5
Swedish 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 435 450 10 5 5
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 355 390 0 0 0
Greek 430 185 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,300 17,490 20,810 370 170 200
Indo-Iranian languages 73,220 36,630 36,595 0 0 0 135 70 70 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 22,590 11,955 10,635
Indo-Aryan languages 64,720 32,425 32,290 0 0 0 130 60 65 962,820 490,815 472,000 20,940 11,115 9,825
Assamese 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 110 110 0 0 0
Bengali 2,905 1,420 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,750 28,435 28,315 2,700 1,415 1,290
Gujarati 4,045 2,085 1,960 0 0 0 0 5 5 92,005 47,790 44,215 3,975 2,205 1,775
Hindi 5,165 2,605 2,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,930 47,555 44,375 1,670 950 715
Kacchi 565 235 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,055 1,310 1,750 10 0 5
Kashmiri 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 5 5 5
Konkani 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 415 470 5 5 5
Marathi 565 285 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,460 3,800 3,660 95 45 50
Nepali 1,565 805 765 0 0 0 10 5 5 16,835 8,595 8,235 540 285 255
Oriya languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 420 375 10 10 5
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 275 250 10 5 5
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 130 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 36,445 18,325 18,120 0 0 0 95 45 50 520,390 266,775 253,610 6,955 3,665 3,285
Rohingya 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 215 0 0 0
Sindhi 165 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 90 50 45
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 520 255 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,665 4,775 4,890 150 70 80
Urdu 12,250 6,075 6,175 0 0 0 15 10 5 158,040 78,420 79,615 4,645 2,370 2,275
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 340 165 175 0 0 0 5 0 0 2,015 1,040 975 85 45 35
Iranian languages 8,490 4,190 4,295 0 0 0 5 5 0 204,420 99,545 104,875 1,640 835 805
Baluchi 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 155 45 25 25
Kurdish 735 355 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,380 5,245 5,135 100 50 50
Parsi 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 130 150 0 0 0
Pashto 1,215 625 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,215 6,670 6,545 315 170 145
Persian languages 6,470 3,185 3,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 179,745 87,075 92,670 1,160 580 580
Dari 1,710 830 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,190 17,395 18,795 215 110 100
Iranian Persian 3,900 1,930 1,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,840 61,060 64,780 835 420 415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 860 430 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,620 9,095 110 55 55
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 250 225 10 5 5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 70 55 10 5 5
Italic (Romance) languages 23,265 11,255 12,015 5 5 5 5 5 0 577,735 273,965 303,770 3,545 1,770 1,770
Catalan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 185 190 0 0 0
Italian 945 425 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,755 38,750 54,005 125 55 65
Portuguese 2,220 1,090 1,125 0 0 0 0 0 0 118,730 56,685 62,045 415 200 210
Romanian 1,980 980 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,090 23,135 24,955 310 155 155
Spanish 18,095 8,740 9,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 317,365 155,005 162,360 2,685 1,350 1,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 220 10 5 5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 95 95 0 0 0
Japanese 1,075 455 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,055 8,290 11,765 90 30 60
Korean 7,740 3,650 4,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,525 58,250 67,275 1,250 625 630
Mongolian 305 135 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 505 545 20 10 15
Niger-Congo languages 2,045 965 1,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,600 18,055 20,545 1,130 550 580
Akan (Twi) 315 155 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 2,755 3,240 75 40 40
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 280 280 0 0 0
Edo 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 150 215 5 0 5
Éwé 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 225 245 5 5 5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 665 650 10 5 5
Ga 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 115 150 10 0 5
Ganda 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 260 295 30 15 10
Gikuyu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0
Igbo 195 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 770 765 95 50 45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,205 1,520 70 40 30
Lingala 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,520 655 860 30 15 15
Luba-Kasai 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 60 0 0 0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 0 0 0
Mwani 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 10 0 5
Ndebele 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 130 160 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,780 1,760 2,025 115 50 60
Shona 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 480 555 35 15 15
Soninke 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 145 85 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 45 85 10 0 5
Swahili 275 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,055 3,290 3,765 240 125 110
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 130 160 0 0 0
Wolof 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,945 1,040 910 10 5 10
Yoruba 615 290 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,505 2,890 300 135 160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 150 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,250 1,470 85 40 45
Nilo-Saharan languages 700 350 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,555 1,600 225 120 110
Dinka 325 185 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 485 420 85 45 40
Nuer 255 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 355 10 5 5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,465 705 760 115 60 60
African, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 70 15 15 5
Sign languages 380 210 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,160 7,005 5,160 355 205 145
American Sign Language 295 160 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,175 4,660 3,515 250 150 105
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 830 645 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,515 1,000 100 60 40
Sino-Tibetan languages 47,145 22,180 24,965 5 0 5 20 5 10 967,965 450,210 517,755 11,010 5,445 5,565
Chinese languages 46,220 21,715 24,505 5 0 5 10 5 5 955,685 444,115 511,565 10,220 5,040 5,180
Hakka 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,645 1,985 10 10 5
Mandarin 23,495 11,210 12,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 530,945 249,675 281,270 7,415 3,695 3,715
Min Dong 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 370 405 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 460 185 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,945 6,255 7,685 55 25 30
Wu (Shanghainese) 150 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,750 2,705 3,050 50 25 25
Yue (Cantonese) 21,510 9,980 11,530 5 0 5 10 5 5 393,430 180,000 213,435 2,490 1,190 1,295
Chinese, n.o.s. 500 230 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,985 3,360 3,625 200 95 100
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 110 115 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 910 460 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,990 5,960 6,035 780 400 380
Burmese 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,075 1,010 1,070 95 50 45
Kuki-Chin languages 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 25 20 10
Karenic languages 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 615 310 300
S'gaw Karen 125 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 530 270 260
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 210 80 45 40
Tibetan 485 250 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,680 2,705 10 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 225 240 35 15 20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 135 155 10 0 5
Tai-Kadai languages 435 205 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,120 4,660 5,460 160 75 90
Lao 175 80 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,955 2,850 3,105 125 60 65
Thai 240 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,955 1,725 2,230 35 15 20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 85 125 5 0 0
Turkic languages 1,135 580 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,490 16,530 15,960 220 110 110
Azerbaijani 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,200 1,095 1,105 25 10 15
Kazakh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 50 0 0 0
Turkish 910 470 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,970 14,290 13,685 180 95 85
Uyghur 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 420 435 0 0 0
Uzbek 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 470 480 5 0 5
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 210 0 0 0
Uralic languages 1,065 505 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,790 8,625 10,165 175 90 85
Estonian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 245 370 10 5 5
Finnish 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 825 1,050 15 10 5
Hungarian 1,025 490 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,295 7,550 8,745 155 80 75
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 195 20 10 10
Multiple responses 69,870 34,085 35,785 5 5 5 95 45 45 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 31,360 15,460 15,900
English and French 2,485 1,205 1,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 230,955 112,070 118,880 1,325 615 715
English and non-official language(s) 64,950 31,765 33,190 5 5 5 90 45 45 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 29,060 14,370 14,695
French and non-official language(s) 240 105 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,525 60,405 65,125 130 60 65
English, French and non-official language(s) 640 290 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,805 27,370 29,430 250 130 120
Multiple non-official languages 1,550 715 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,705 12,190 14,515 590 285 305
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,296,115 644,020 652,100 415 205 215 750 375 370 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 1,116,045 555,220 560,825
None 1,038,845 519,700 519,145 395 195 200 550 285 270 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 1,008,760 502,475 506,285
English 97,335 47,975 49,365 5 5 0 80 40 40 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 39,070 19,635 19,435
French 9,450 4,360 5,090 5 0 0 5 0 5 571,040 268,530 302,510 6,395 2,935 3,455
Non-official language 116,850 55,575 61,275 15 5 5 95 45 50 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 48,520 23,370 25,145
Indigenous39 600 265 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,565 29,285 34,280 10,735 4,980 5,755
Non-Indigenous 116,250 55,305 60,945 15 5 5 95 45 50 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 37,785 18,390 19,395
English and French 1,235 595 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,185 42,600 43,585 345 180 170
English and non-official language(s) 15,885 7,880 8,005 0 0 0 10 5 5 323,845 161,995 161,850 6,935 3,595 3,345
French and non-official language(s) 3,285 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 5 0 0 134,565 61,575 72,995 1,155 515 640
English, French and non-official language(s) 190 105 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,870 5,975 5,895 65 40 30
Multiple non-official languages 13,040 6,300 6,735 0 0 0 5 5 0 234,905 115,470 119,430 4,795 2,475 2,320
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 465 230 225 805 385 420 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 1,103,200 549,495 553,705
Official languages 1,259,370 628,960 630,410 465 230 225 740 345 385 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 1,095,170 545,875 549,300
English 1,258,480 628,565 629,915 465 230 225 740 345 385 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 1,094,790 545,650 549,135
French 86,135 39,155 46,980 50 20 30 15 0 10 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 52,065 23,725 28,335
Non-official languages 518,025 249,240 268,785 75 35 45 470 225 240 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 209,395 103,350 106,050
Indigenous languages39 1,600 630 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 243,155 116,360 126,795 35,075 16,800 18,280
Algonquian languages 1,045 395 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,815 78,135 85,675 25,960 12,535 13,430
Blackfoot 460 180 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 10 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,850 50,975 54,870 24,850 11,960 12,895
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0 0 0
Cree languages 520 215 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,875 42,340 45,530 24,850 11,960 12,895
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 20 0 10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,880 2,320 2,555 145 65 75
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 855 440 415
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 220 65 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 6,450 3,070 3,375
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 2,365 1,125 1,235
Cree, n.o.s. 235 105 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,000 29,930 31,070 15,355 7,415 7,945
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 525 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,035 4,770 5,260 10 10 0
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,245 4,370 4,880 10 10 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,865 20,015 22,850 1,330 685 640
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 895 1,060 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 50 20 25
Ojibway languages 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,160 11,930 14,235 1,275 665 610
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,035 875 1,165 30 25 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 80 135 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 55 10 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 1,120 575 550
Ojibway, n.o.s. 50 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,720 9,495 11,225 145 90 55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,390 9,635 10,755 8,085 3,795 4,295
Northern Athabaskan languages 215 85 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,135 9,515 10,620 8,080 3,795 4,285
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 8,080 3,795 4,285
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,210 620 590 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 0 0 0
Tlingit 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,795 20,980 21,820 60 20 45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 0 0 0
Inuktitut 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,680 20,495 21,185 60 20 45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 880 1,175 10 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,605 655 950 10 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 0 0 0
Michif 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 855 395 460
Salish languages 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 0 0 0
Siouan languages 215 115 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 725 365 360
Assiniboine 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 185 110 80
Dakota 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 395 185 215
Stoney 170 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 25 15 15
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 140 70 70
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 20 10 20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 405 450 35 20 15
Non-Indigenous languages 516,570 248,665 267,905 75 35 45 470 225 240 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 174,635 86,680 87,955
Afro-Asiatic languages 52,310 27,045 25,265 0 0 0 75 35 50 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 11,165 5,770 5,395
Berber languages 275 175 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,835 22,775 20,060 10 10 0
Kabyle 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0 0 0
Tamazight 80 60 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,735 2,720 2,015 10 10 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 25 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 750 575 0 0 0
Chadic languages 350 215 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,090 3,740 3,350 265 125 145
Hausa 340 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,080 2,695 2,380 245 105 140
Mina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 1,040 965 25 15 0
Coptic 85 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,690 1,790 1,900 15 10 0
Cushitic languages 4,685 2,455 2,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,930 34,430 37,500 1,415 720 695
Bilen 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 165 95 70
Oromo 2,085 1,115 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 180 85 90
Somali 2,420 1,260 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,005 27,735 31,270 900 450 455
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,400 760 645 165 95 75
Semitic languages 48,400 24,960 23,435 0 0 0 75 35 50 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 9,850 5,120 4,735
Amharic 8,360 4,130 4,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,305 23,910 24,395 855 440 415
Arabic 33,325 17,480 15,845 0 0 0 75 35 50 838,045 436,510 401,540 7,265 3,825 3,445
Aramaic languages 820 480 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,655 19,690 19,965 1,200 565 630
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 345 210 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,865 11,765 12,100 605 280 325
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 540 255 285
Aramaic, n.o.s. 120 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,195 1,625 1,570 130 70 65
Harari 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 0 0 0
Hebrew 1,975 1,000 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,205 42,515 40,685 470 250 215
Maltese 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,080 3,450 15 10 0
Tigrigna 7,570 3,870 3,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,970 23,120 22,845 1,365 710 660
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 125 90 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,760 1,065 695 160 90 75
Austro-Asiatic languages 19,430 8,935 10,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 260,030 120,035 139,995 4,625 2,275 2,355
Khmer (Cambodian) 1,135 540 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,390 13,100 15,290 170 100 70
Vietnamese 18,090 8,270 9,820 0 0 0 0 0 0 232,800 107,435 125,355 4,440 2,165 2,280
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 270 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 455 455 20 10 10
Austronesian languages 70,310 31,065 39,240 0 0 0 65 30 40 793,275 336,445 456,840 37,460 17,730 19,730
Bikol 505 265 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,975 2,275 305 130 175
Bisaya, n.o.s. 1,065 475 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,990 4,625 6,375 915 430 485
Cebuano 3,285 1,510 1,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,045 13,790 19,250 2,180 1,010 1,175
Fijian 90 50 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 90 55 35
Hiligaynon 1,265 525 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,385 6,650 9,735 605 270 335
Ilocano 6,395 2,785 3,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,680 25,280 36,400 2,500 1,175 1,320
Indonesian 1,175 545 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,815 8,895 10,915 215 85 135
Kankanaey 250 105 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,175 205 90 120
Kinaray-a 85 50 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 345 510 45 10 35
Malagasy languages 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,885 1,960 1,920 30 20 15
Merina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,565 785 780 30 20 15
Malay 780 350 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,770 4,995 5,775 105 65 35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 1,130 490 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 4,690 5,865 485 250 235
Pangasinan 460 235 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,455 1,885 2,575 95 50 50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 66,715 29,420 37,300 0 0 0 65 30 40 737,565 310,735 426,830 36,125 17,020 19,110
Waray-Waray 390 190 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 1,910 2,610 245 120 130
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 1,700 770 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,140 8,785 11,355 1,155 545 615
Creole languages 1,915 975 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,840 85,045 99,790 950 480 470
Haitian Creole 540 285 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,895 61,215 73,680 45 25 20
Jamaican English Creole 135 55 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,675 130 70 60
Krio 125 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 870 1,090 25 20 0
Morisyen 355 170 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,345 7,620 7,725 385 195 190
Sango 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,535 785 750 45 25 20
Creole, n.o.s. 475 275 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,220 14,400 16,825 205 80 125
Creole languages, n.i.e. 470 225 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,585 4,575 5,005 150 70 80
Dravidian languages 10,080 5,160 4,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 359,485 185,160 174,325 4,190 2,210 1,980
Kannada 1,075 550 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 9,660 8,760 225 110 110
Malayalam 3,775 1,935 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,910 42,025 35,890 2,515 1,335 1,180
Tamil 4,200 2,140 2,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 237,890 119,570 118,320 1,120 625 495
Telugu 2,335 1,220 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,685 30,575 24,110 845 445 400
Tulu 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 935 835 20 10 20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 450 520 35 20 15
Georgian 220 120 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 365 360 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 257,340 126,440 130,900 70 25 40 265 130 135 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 89,555 45,335 44,220
Albanian 1,825 990 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,345 19,410 18,935 380 220 160
Armenian 460 265 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,500 21,675 22,825 90 35 55
Balto-Slavic languages 34,205 16,055 18,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 820,305 384,390 435,915 17,185 7,985 9,200
Baltic languages 485 220 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,890 5,900 7,985 195 85 105
Latvian 155 65 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,020 2,595 3,425 90 40 55
Lithuanian 330 155 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,895 3,325 4,570 95 45 50
Slavic languages 33,920 15,935 17,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 809,985 380,025 429,960 17,095 7,945 9,145
Belarusian 85 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,185 1,640 10 0 10
Bulgarian 985 445 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,210 11,805 12,400 100 50 40
Czech 1,940 970 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,625 13,595 15,030 190 90 105
Macedonian 290 135 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,015 10,965 12,050 90 50 40
Polish 8,485 4,025 4,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,460 94,135 110,325 1,745 800 945
Russian 14,155 6,685 7,470 0 0 0 0 0 0 309,235 145,375 163,860 5,305 2,590 2,715
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 345 330 280 130 150
Serbo-Croatian 6,010 2,820 3,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,775 76,800 78,975 1,705 865 835
Bosnian 1,560 745 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,380 12,555 12,825 400 195 200
Croatian 3,010 1,400 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,845 36,015 37,830 745 405 340
Serbian 2,905 1,385 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,735 41,550 42,185 965 495 470
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,085 1,590 1,500 65 35 30
Slovak 1,295 590 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,905 9,455 11,450 135 60 70
Slovene (Slovenian) 280 115 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,715 5,935 135 60 70
Ukrainian 4,265 1,890 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 131,655 59,230 72,425 10,795 4,935 5,855
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 10 0 0
Celtic languages 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,485 5,430 5,055 185 105 80
Irish 205 125 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,360 2,940 2,415 65 35 30
Scottish Gaelic 85 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,050 1,120 50 35 10
Welsh 135 80 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,015 1,155 50 15 30
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 495 415 35 20 15
Germanic languages 21,235 10,295 10,935 30 0 25 0 0 0 658,705 319,800 338,905 18,455 9,290 9,165
Frisian 55 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,835 1,480 1,350 25 25 0
High German languages 14,220 6,860 7,360 25 0 20 0 0 0 453,995 222,215 231,780 11,940 5,995 5,945
German 13,950 6,720 7,235 25 0 20 0 0 0 419,195 204,840 214,355 11,815 5,935 5,880
Pennsylvania German 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0 0 0
Swiss German 350 165 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,465 5,025 5,440 145 70 80
Yiddish 110 65 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,155 10,105 10,045 50 25 25
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 5,870 2,990 2,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 191,840 93,435 98,405 6,140 3,205 2,935
Afrikaans 1,785 960 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,670 15,335 14,335 2,175 1,185 990
Dutch 3,780 1,890 1,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 107,985 51,330 56,650 1,285 680 605
Low German, n.o.s. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 590 275 315
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 60 35 25
Plautdietsch 230 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,165 20,590 20,575 2,015 1,025 980
Vlaams (Flemish) 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 1,825 2,155 90 50 40
Scandinavian languages 1,920 895 1,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,500 17,205 20,300 955 395 560
Danish 940 480 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,700 6,805 7,900 255 135 125
Icelandic 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 685 790 25 20 0
Norwegian 380 165 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,180 4,675 485 175 305
Swedish 630 275 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,620 6,765 7,855 235 100 135
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 30 20 10
Greek 2,155 1,065 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,060 71,685 73,375 1,430 730 705
Indo-Iranian languages 132,795 67,155 65,640 0 0 0 265 130 130 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 39,895 21,385 18,505
Indo-Aryan languages 118,560 60,020 58,540 0 0 0 250 120 125 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 37,480 20,070 17,410
Assamese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 590 565 0 0 0
Bengali 6,005 3,015 2,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,605 62,330 58,270 4,490 2,350 2,140
Gujarati 10,800 5,485 5,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,415 110,000 99,405 6,965 3,985 2,985
Hindi 42,160 21,290 20,875 0 0 0 95 40 55 761,425 395,410 366,015 15,740 8,600 7,140
Kacchi 2,245 985 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 6,785 8,300 50 25 25
Kashmiri 190 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 965 865 55 35 25
Konkani 425 200 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,950 4,300 4,645 60 35 30
Marathi 2,245 1,150 1,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,230 18,210 17,020 520 270 255
Nepali 2,880 1,485 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,660 15,680 14,980 1,040 550 490
Oriya languages 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,235 1,665 1,570 60 30 30
Odia 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,710 925 785 25 20 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 755 795 40 15 25
Punjabi (Panjabi) 61,205 31,170 30,030 0 0 0 140 65 75 942,170 488,075 454,090 13,310 7,110 6,200
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 345 420 0 0 0
Sindhi 630 360 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,385 4,480 3,910 250 135 120
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 1,330 640 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,050 16,645 16,400 405 180 225
Urdu 29,980 15,280 14,705 0 0 0 10 0 10 414,870 211,895 202,975 10,540 5,470 5,070
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 1,355 730 625 0 0 0 45 25 20 11,320 6,280 5,040 345 205 140
Iranian languages 16,480 8,290 8,195 0 0 0 35 20 15 370,520 186,750 183,770 3,025 1,640 1,390
Baluchi 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 565 420 170 100 65
Kurdish 1,360 690 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,035 13,005 11,030 225 110 115
Parsi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 535 470 20 0 15
Pashto 2,930 1,485 1,445 0 0 0 20 10 10 31,695 16,810 14,885 745 415 330
Persian languages 12,595 6,355 6,230 0 0 0 25 10 0 326,285 163,665 162,620 2,045 1,095 950
Dari 4,430 2,165 2,265 0 0 0 25 10 0 78,220 38,765 39,460 610 335 285
Iranian Persian 6,735 3,460 3,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 222,160 111,750 110,415 1,340 710 625
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,605 835 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,345 15,460 14,880 120 65 50
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 160 75 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 970 855 30 25 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,245 895 55 40 15
Italic (Romance) languages 71,550 34,010 37,540 20 15 0 0 0 0 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 14,285 6,885 7,400
Catalan 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0 0 0
Italian 8,730 4,240 4,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 547,655 263,950 283,705 1,400 670 730
Portuguese 6,170 3,070 3,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 336,865 164,985 171,880 1,320 655 670
Romanian 5,390 2,695 2,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,520 55,570 60,950 915 450 465
Spanish 54,235 25,520 28,715 20 0 0 0 0 0 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 11,185 5,395 5,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 120 75 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,835 2,060 90 40 45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 145 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,965 1,025 940 35 20 15
Japanese 4,845 2,125 2,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,070 43,380 54,690 1,170 585 585
Korean 11,695 5,490 6,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 203,885 92,275 111,605 1,870 900 970
Mongolian 640 300 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,085 1,455 45 10 40
Niger-Congo languages 16,975 8,610 8,365 0 0 0 0 0 0 267,520 131,495 136,025 7,440 3,945 3,495
Akan (Twi) 1,270 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,240 12,585 13,660 515 255 260
Bamanankan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0 0 0
Edo 310 165 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,945 2,315 2,630 90 60 30
Éwé 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,645 2,490 2,165 100 40 60
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 170 110 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,840 4,100 3,740 60 30 30
Ga 275 140 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,255 1,565 1,685 135 75 60
Ganda 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,650 2,055 2,600 100 40 60
Gikuyu 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 750 1,100 25 15 10
Igbo 2,800 1,465 1,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,365 9,345 9,020 1,200 630 570
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 295 140 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,515 6,305 7,210 320 170 150
Lingala 395 185 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,720 12,260 13,460 180 100 75
Luba-Kasai 75 25 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,695 1,300 1,395 40 15 25
Mòoré 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 1,055 1,035 25 15 15
Mwani 255 140 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,080 585 490 70 45 20
Ndebele 125 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,140 1,285 80 40 35
Rundi (Kirundi) 145 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,825 7,070 7,755 310 180 130
Shona 580 270 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,280 3,440 3,845 155 75 80
Soninke 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 650 360 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 580 725 70 40 35
Swahili 3,220 1,700 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,295 28,950 28,340 1,165 665 500
Wojenaka 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,440 1,380 20 15 10
Wolof 230 130 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,940 6,925 6,015 40 20 20
Yoruba 5,915 2,900 3,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,935 25,265 25,675 2,865 1,520 1,345
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,355 1,175 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,625 21,935 21,685 990 545 445
Nilo-Saharan languages 1,815 925 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,090 5,570 5,530 615 305 305
Dinka 815 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 180 85 100
Nuer 440 200 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 60 25 30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 575 300 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,425 3,385 375 200 175
African, n.o.s. 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,760 1,485 1,275 100 55 45
Sign languages 1,775 630 1,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,535 19,685 29,850 1,450 645 815
American Sign Language 1,495 515 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,620 14,430 23,195 1,135 505 625
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 335 155 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,450 3,515 3,940 370 160 210
Sino-Tibetan languages 81,025 38,350 42,680 0 0 0 20 10 15 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 17,055 8,335 8,725
Chinese languages 79,265 37,475 41,795 0 0 0 20 10 15 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 15,625 7,620 8,005
Hakka 390 160 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,830 6,845 7,980 45 20 30
Mandarin 45,330 21,095 24,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 987,300 452,995 534,305 11,590 5,640 5,955
Min Dong 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,825 840 980 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,295 1,000 1,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,755 22,840 28,920 275 135 140
Wu (Shanghainese) 335 140 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,660 6,060 7,600 60 40 15
Yue (Cantonese) 42,090 19,730 22,350 0 0 0 20 10 10 724,925 335,185 389,740 5,120 2,465 2,660
Chinese, n.o.s. 840 395 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,720 5,695 6,020 360 185 175
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,185 560 625 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 1,785 885 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,300 10,955 11,345 1,370 690 685
Burmese 495 245 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,935 2,910 3,025 355 185 170
Kuki-Chin languages 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 30 25 10
Karenic languages 365 180 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 1,020 490 530
S'gaw Karen 295 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 890 430 460
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 395 450 125 60 70
Tibetan 765 395 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 4,565 4,590 35 15 20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 890 1,050 100 30 70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 105 40 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 540 680 85 45 40
Tai-Kadai languages 1,640 680 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,705 14,255 19,440 590 280 310
Lao 595 300 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,630 8,320 9,310 360 200 160
Thai 1,160 445 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,575 6,955 11,615 290 115 170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 330 465 10 0 10
Turkic languages 3,420 1,785 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,375 47,575 43,800 700 360 340
Azerbaijani 550 285 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,875 5,380 4,490 85 55 40
Kazakh 170 75 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 600 815 50 15 35
Turkish 2,530 1,425 1,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,500 41,130 37,365 565 295 270
Uyghur 110 30 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,660 790 875 35 0 30
Uzbek 180 80 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,290 1,645 1,640 15 10 10
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 105 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 980 1,165 15 0 10
Uralic languages 3,760 1,750 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,055 39,290 45,765 1,240 595 645
Estonian 125 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,315 2,320 2,990 10 10 0
Finnish 360 170 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,325 6,735 8,590 180 90 90
Hungarian 3,290 1,535 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,625 30,320 34,300 1,055 500 560
Other languages, n.i.e. 485 275 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,545 2,750 2,790 125 65 65
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 460 230 230 810 380 420 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 1,103,200 549,495 553,710
Indigenous identity45 41,350 19,270 22,085 0 0 0 30 0 20 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 187,885 91,375 96,515
Single Indigenous responses46 39,720 18,515 21,210 0 0 0 30 0 20 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 184,435 89,725 94,705
First Nations (North American Indian) 18,440 8,300 10,135 0 0 0 30 0 20 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 121,175 58,665 62,505
Métis 20,855 9,990 10,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 624,220 306,220 318,000 62,800 30,860 31,940
Inuk (Inuit) 430 220 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,540 34,645 35,895 460 200 260
Multiple Indigenous responses47 865 385 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,855 13,645 15,215 2,030 985 1,045
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 765 365 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,225 16,620 18,610 1,425 665 765
Non-Indigenous identity 1,250,420 622,865 627,555 425 210 215 780 375 395 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 915,310 458,120 457,195
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 460 230 230 810 380 420 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 1,103,200 549,495 553,710
Registered or Treaty Indian49 14,405 6,575 7,825 0 0 0 25 0 15 831,720 402,310 429,405 115,055 55,385 59,670
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,277,370 635,560 641,810 425 210 215 785 375 410 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 988,145 494,110 494,035
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
Owner 345,690 ... ... 150 ... ... 155 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 317,655 ... ...
Renter 156,615 ... ... 10 ... ... 80 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 118,590 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 13,335 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
Condominium 124,190 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 49,490 ... ...
Not condominium 378,115 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 400,095 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
No bedrooms 2,920 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 1,945 ... ...
1 bedroom 59,385 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 41,900 ... ...
2 bedrooms 116,625 ... ... 0 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 103,860 ... ...
3 bedrooms 167,895 ... ... 45 ... ... 110 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 150,360 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 155,480 ... ... 110 ... ... 75 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 151,520 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 153,485 ... ... 10 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 105,050 ... ...
5 rooms 78,585 ... ... 10 ... ... 55 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 70,620 ... ...
6 rooms 69,385 ... ... 20 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 66,100 ... ...
7 rooms 59,530 ... ... 40 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 59,535 ... ...
8 or more rooms 141,320 ... ... 85 ... ... 60 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 148,270 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 6.1 ... ... 8.0 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 486,420 ... ... 160 ... ... 220 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 438,000 ... ...
More than one person per room 15,885 ... ... 0 ... ... 20 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 11,580 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
Suitable 476,790 ... ... 155 ... ... 205 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 426,835 ... ...
Not suitable 25,515 ... ... 0 ... ... 30 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 22,745 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
1960 or before 43,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 95,405 ... ...
1961 to 1980 133,035 ... ... 155 ... ... 195 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 147,720 ... ...
1981 to 1990 59,780 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 61,990 ... ...
1991 to 2000 75,685 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 35,005 ... ...
2001 to 2005 50,390 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 18,130 ... ...
2006 to 2010 47,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 27,525 ... ...
2011 to 2015 45,850 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 37,840 ... ...
2016 to 202157 46,045 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 25,970 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 479,525 ... ... 140 ... ... 225 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 414,215 ... ...
Major repairs needed 22,780 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 35,365 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
One-maintainer household 242,815 ... ... 55 ... ... 110 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 235,175 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 228,860 ... ... 95 ... ... 100 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 198,995 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,630 ... ... 10 ... ... 30 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 15,415 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 240 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
15 to 24 years 13,825 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 17,560 ... ...
25 to 34 years 83,280 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 68,760 ... ...
35 to 44 years 110,705 ... ... 25 ... ... 75 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 82,625 ... ...
45 to 54 years 100,130 ... ... 45 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 72,290 ... ...
55 to 64 years 93,305 ... ... 25 ... ... 35 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 85,955 ... ...
65 to 74 years 62,865 ... ... 10 ... ... 50 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 69,235 ... ...
75 to 84 years 27,860 ... ... 25 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 37,545 ... ...
85 years and over 10,340 ... ... 20 ... ... 0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 15,605 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 499,855 ... ... 160 ... ... 235 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 414,315 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 385,380 ... ... 145 ... ... 190 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 342,875 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 114,470 ... ... 15 ... ... 45 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 71,445 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 102,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 65,430 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 502,305 ... ... 160 ... ... 235 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 449,585 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 150,520 ... ... 45 ... ... 80 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 118,475 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 103,650 ... ... 20 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 63,870 ... ...
Not suitable only 19,875 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 16,865 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 14,995 ... ... 25 ... ... 10 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 26,900 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 4,215 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 2,370 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 6,360 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 4,960 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 1,170 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 3,270 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 245 ... ...
Acceptable housing 351,785 ... ... 120 ... ... 160 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 331,105 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 488,040 ... ... 155 ... ... 235 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 408,300 ... ...
In core need 49,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 41,895 ... ...
Not in core need 438,185 ... ... 145 ... ... 210 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 366,405 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 345,680 ... ... 150 ... ... 160 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 298,500 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 65.2 ... ... 43.3 ... ... 62.5 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 57.9 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 17.7 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 21.9 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 11.1 ... ...
% in core housing need63 5.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,720 ... ... 960 ... ... 1,380 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,110 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,774 ... ... 1,600 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,296 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 456,000 ... ... 660,000 ... ... 348,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 519,500 ... ... 640,000 ... ... 340,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 324,400 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 156,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 80 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 117,545 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 9.0 ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 17.1 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 34.4 ... ... ... ... ... 0.0 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.1 ... ...
% in core housing need63 20.6 ... ... ... ... ... 18.8 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 22.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,350 ... ... x ... ... 1,270 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,030 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 1,404 ... ... x ... ... 1,280 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,095 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 13,335 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 226 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 280 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 460 235 230 805 385 425 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 1,103,200 549,490 553,710
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 14,495 6,615 7,875 0 0 0 20 10 10 985,200 480,950 504,245 122,375 59,605 62,765
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 14,125 6,430 7,695 0 0 0 20 10 10 963,705 470,850 492,855 118,965 57,970 60,995
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 10,035 4,560 5,475 0 0 0 20 10 10 763,230 371,400 391,825 101,725 49,415 52,315
Métis single ancestry 3,975 1,790 2,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 146,010 72,680 73,325 17,055 8,495 8,555
Inuit single ancestry 115 75 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,475 26,770 27,700 185 60 125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 370 190 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,490 10,095 11,395 3,410 1,630 1,775
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 355 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,665 8,215 9,450 3,335 1,580 1,750
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,430 1,185 1,250 30 25 10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 530 535 35 20 10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 10 0 0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 34,850 16,545 18,305 10 0 10 25 0 20 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 68,675 33,265 35,410
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 33,825 16,090 17,740 10 0 10 20 0 20 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 64,995 31,500 33,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 19,015 9,015 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 801,630 384,550 417,075 32,635 15,920 16,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 14,490 6,925 7,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 362,130 174,975 187,150 32,070 15,450 16,615
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 320 145 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,595 9,450 10,150 290 135 160
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 1,030 460 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,930 16,605 19,320 3,680 1,770 1,915
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 935 420 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,815 14,790 17,025 3,515 1,705 1,810
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 60 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,785 1,190 1,595 115 45 75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 25 0 25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 125 210 20 10 10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,242,425 618,970 623,455 450 235 215 760 370 390 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 912,150 456,620 455,530
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 460 235 225 805 385 425 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 1,103,200 549,495 553,705
Canadian citizens77 1,131,540 565,050 566,495 460 235 225 675 325 355 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 1,021,630 508,035 513,595
Canadian citizens aged under 18 257,900 132,670 125,230 145 80 70 215 105 105 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 246,480 126,430 120,055
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 873,645 432,380 441,265 310 150 160 460 215 245 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 775,150 381,610 393,540
Not Canadian citizens78 160,225 77,085 83,140 0 0 0 130 60 65 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 81,575 41,455 40,115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,291,770 642,135 649,640 460 235 225 805 385 425 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 1,103,200 549,495 553,705
Non-immigrants80 834,100 420,985 413,120 405 215 190 450 205 250 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 949,755 472,745 477,005
Immigrants81 430,640 207,060 223,575 55 15 40 345 175 165 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 137,620 67,895 69,725
Before 1980 48,430 23,310 25,115 30 10 25 25 15 0 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 12,780 6,020 6,760
1980 to 1990 40,330 19,730 20,600 0 0 0 10 0 10 924,320 443,805 480,520 5,945 2,955 2,990
1991 to 2000 61,465 29,575 31,890 0 0 0 80 40 40 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 8,390 3,910 4,480
2001 to 2010 117,055 56,175 60,875 0 0 0 105 50 50 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 29,370 14,480 14,895
2011 to 202182 163,365 78,275 85,095 15 0 10 130 65 65 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 81,135 40,535 40,605
2011 to 2015 82,050 39,320 42,735 0 0 0 75 45 35 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 38,020 19,065 18,955
2016 to 2021 81,315 38,960 42,360 0 0 0 55 20 35 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 43,120 21,470 21,645
Non-permanent residents83 27,025 14,085 12,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 924,850 499,490 425,365 15,830 8,850 6,980
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 430,640 207,065 223,575 55 15 40 345 175 165 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 137,620 67,895 69,720
Under 5 years 37,050 18,960 18,090 0 0 0 20 0 15 748,265 377,795 370,470 13,370 6,890 6,480
5 to 14 years 71,460 37,200 34,265 0 0 0 70 40 30 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 26,755 14,085 12,680
15 to 24 years 74,550 34,020 40,525 0 0 0 40 20 25 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 20,460 9,465 10,995
25 to 44 years 204,525 97,045 107,480 30 10 25 160 85 75 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 64,955 31,330 33,625
45 years and over 43,060 19,840 23,220 10 0 0 50 20 25 797,180 364,260 432,920 12,070 6,130 5,945
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 430,640 207,065 223,575 55 15 40 345 175 165 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 137,620 67,895 69,720
Americas 44,125 20,585 23,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 12,580 5,910 6,675
Brazil 2,010 890 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,450 22,405 26,050 380 150 230
Colombia 5,865 2,710 3,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,570 36,675 43,900 665 315 350
El Salvador 2,425 1,135 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,450 24,430 25,015 620 280 345
Guyana 740 340 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,530 37,870 47,660 165 65 95
Haiti 510 295 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,945 44,585 55,360 60 35 25
Jamaica 3,135 1,475 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,360 63,430 81,925 1,360 660 700
Mexico 4,895 2,410 2,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 90,585 42,215 48,370 1,720 870 850
Peru 1,070 470 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,420 13,925 17,490 160 45 120
Trinidad and Tobago 1,315 620 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,035 29,110 35,930 200 65 135
United States of America 10,895 4,960 5,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 256,090 115,380 140,705 5,215 2,375 2,835
Other places of birth in Americas 11,260 5,275 5,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 250,760 116,305 134,460 2,030 1,040 995
Europe 68,740 34,275 34,465 35 10 30 10 10 0 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 21,710 10,705 11,010
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2,000 960 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,925 17,705 18,220 500 250 250
Croatia 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,675 18,115 18,560 415 245 170
France 1,265 645 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 121,525 63,845 57,685 310 115 190
Germany 4,685 2,155 2,525 10 0 10 0 0 0 126,470 60,560 65,915 2,100 980 1,115
Greece 865 455 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,715 27,050 27,665 500 290 210
Hungary 1,550 740 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,050 14,595 16,450 325 175 145
Italy 3,075 1,590 1,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,065 101,445 102,625 585 300 280
Netherlands 2,620 1,375 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,830 39,020 36,810 965 560 400
Poland 5,890 2,750 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,030 60,660 74,370 1,080 455 625
Portugal 990 505 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,795 62,880 65,910 200 95 110
Romania 4,025 2,030 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,770 40,820 45,955 660 330 335
Russian Federation 4,210 1,785 2,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,840 35,185 46,650 650 270 385
Serbia86 980 460 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,925 15,480 16,450 530 250 285
Ukraine 3,035 1,385 1,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,135 36,840 44,295 3,165 1,505 1,665
United Kingdom87 20,420 10,815 9,600 20 10 10 10 10 0 464,135 229,710 234,430 6,785 3,420 3,365
Other places of birth in Europe 11,795 6,010 5,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 271,725 131,935 139,790 2,940 1,455 1,490
Africa 51,610 26,045 25,560 0 0 0 15 10 0 821,735 412,365 409,375 16,080 8,440 7,640
Algeria 630 310 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,660 41,065 38,600 20 15 10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 855 425 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,110 15,775 17,340 665 335 330
Egypt 3,320 1,745 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,710 38,730 34,980 805 415 385
Eritrea 4,720 2,465 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,385 16,575 14,815 1,025 535 490
Ethiopia 7,090 3,435 3,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,715 19,955 21,760 775 380 400
Morocco 870 445 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,775 41,085 40,685 190 110 80
Nigeria 12,450 6,340 6,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,290 41,665 39,620 5,030 2,620 2,410
Somalia 1,580 775 805 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,500 14,600 17,900 485 240 250
South Africa, Republic of 3,095 1,620 1,480 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,590 25,740 25,855 2,075 1,070 1,005
Other places of birth in Africa 17,005 8,480 8,525 0 0 0 15 10 0 314,995 157,170 157,825 5,010 2,720 2,290
Asia 262,700 124,535 138,160 15 10 0 315 160 160 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 86,515 42,500 44,015
Afghanistan 3,980 1,970 2,010 0 0 0 30 15 15 62,450 30,940 31,515 465 230 235
Iran88 5,515 2,865 2,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,940 92,300 90,645 1,040 570 470
Iraq 3,935 1,990 1,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 84,130 42,660 41,465 1,440 740 700
Lebanon 4,095 2,205 1,890 0 0 0 15 10 10 95,725 50,675 45,055 220 155 60
Syria89 4,340 2,280 2,060 0 0 0 30 15 15 97,590 49,855 47,735 1,405 665 740
Turkey 1,085 540 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,270 18,835 16,435 280 145 135
China90 36,245 16,615 19,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 715,835 317,970 397,860 8,650 4,065 4,585
Hong Kong91 10,775 5,180 5,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 213,855 100,480 113,375 840 415 420
Korea, South92 8,215 3,835 4,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,355 63,025 75,325 1,110 560 550
Taiwan 2,110 885 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,365 28,725 36,635 175 80 95
Philippines 65,430 29,000 36,430 0 0 0 60 25 35 719,580 305,115 414,460 35,960 17,025 18,930
Viet Nam 15,395 6,875 8,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,095 82,670 99,425 3,245 1,555 1,690
Bangladesh 3,510 1,785 1,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,090 35,675 34,415 3,235 1,720 1,515
India 56,510 28,275 28,240 0 0 0 125 75 55 898,050 451,120 446,930 15,660 8,165 7,495
Pakistan 18,375 9,305 9,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 234,105 118,390 115,715 7,110 3,630 3,480
Sri Lanka 1,820 900 925 0 0 0 0 0 0 136,240 66,215 70,030 435 220 215
Other places of birth in Asia 21,375 10,040 11,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 375,340 175,930 199,410 5,245 2,555 2,695
Oceania and other places of birth93 3,470 1,630 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,965 31,055 30,910 725 350 380
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 81,315 38,960 42,360 0 0 0 55 20 35 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 43,115 21,470 21,650
Americas 7,550 3,475 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 154,490 74,275 80,215 2,830 1,420 1,410
Brazil 840 355 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,895 9,340 10,560 170 95 75
Colombia 615 245 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,455 5,090 6,365 90 40 50
Haiti 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0 0 0
Jamaica 475 215 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,155 7,740 7,420 560 295 265
Mexico 1,265 645 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,150 8,405 8,745 560 315 250
United States of America 2,130 1,000 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,875 19,790 20,085 990 465 520
Venezuela95 885 390 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,060 2,980 4,075 70 20 45
Other places of birth in Americas 1,245 570 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,350 15,785 17,570 385 190 195
Europe 6,505 3,340 3,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,425 69,310 65,120 2,695 1,435 1,260
France 200 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,175 14,560 12,610 65 30 30
Germany 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,365 2,660 2,705 100 40 60
Ireland96 470 315 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,355 4,000 2,350 180 110 70
Italy 260 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,240 2,470 1,770 50 30 15
Russian Federation 635 235 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,905 4,335 6,570 100 35 65
Ukraine 680 295 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,515 6,570 7,945 755 340 415
United Kingdom87 1,420 805 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,755 13,550 9,200 590 385 200
Other places of birth in Europe 2,615 1,330 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,120 21,160 21,960 855 465 395
Africa 15,065 7,475 7,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 206,965 102,875 104,090 7,520 3,960 3,560
Algeria 60 15 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,745 7,530 8,220 0 0 0
Burundi 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,935 2,420 2,510 90 50 35
Cameroon 380 170 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,795 5,545 6,250 50 20 35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 155 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,915 4,200 4,720 290 150 140
Côte d'Ivoire 55 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,915 3,795 4,125 25 20 10
Egypt 595 300 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,120 6,285 5,835 390 195 195
Eritrea 2,525 1,325 1,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,330 8,755 7,575 595 310 285
Ethiopia 1,845 880 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,385 4,415 4,970 315 175 140
Morocco 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,835 6,025 6,810 85 45 40
Nigeria 5,885 2,895 2,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,360 20,575 19,780 3,305 1,765 1,545
Somalia 310 140 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,315 3,240 3,075 130 60 70
South Africa, Republic of 650 360 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,510 4,290 4,220 775 390 385
Sudan97 445 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,690 2,375 2,315 300 155 140
Tunisia 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,155 4,185 3,975 60 40 20
Other places of birth in Africa 1,815 895 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,960 19,250 19,715 1,110 585 525
Asia 51,570 24,320 27,250 0 0 0 55 20 35 823,205 393,110 430,090 29,880 14,550 15,325
Afghanistan 845 405 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,730 6,290 6,440 140 50 85
Bangladesh 630 310 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,185 6,670 6,515 1,220 615 610
China90 5,520 2,410 3,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 118,035 50,365 67,665 3,690 1,775 1,910
Hong Kong91 310 120 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,495 2,880 3,620 140 75 65
India 14,070 7,095 6,970 0 0 0 20 10 10 246,995 128,205 118,790 7,940 4,055 3,885
Iran88 865 415 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,650 12,310 13,340 335 180 155
Iraq 945 440 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,835 8,875 305 155 150
Israel 340 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,850 2,565 2,290 50 20 25
Japan 170 25 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,445 1,035 3,410 40 15 30
Jordan 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,635 2,375 2,260 105 50 55
Korea, South92 1,740 740 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,985 8,790 12,200 275 135 140
Lebanon 425 215 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,980 5,120 4,860 75 60 20
Nepal 460 235 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,475 2,415 130 75 50
Pakistan 2,315 1,130 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,255 18,070 18,190 1,685 820 860
Philippines 15,485 7,055 8,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 151,490 66,720 84,765 10,460 4,875 5,585
Saudi Arabia 265 160 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,560 5,195 4,365 285 125 160
Sri Lanka 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,480 4,010 4,465 65 35 35
Syria89 3,070 1,630 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,130 32,725 30,410 1,245 600 645
Turkey 405 175 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,150 5,520 4,635 75 30 40
United Arab Emirates 360 200 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,405 4,325 4,085 195 90 105
Viet Nam 955 310 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,725 5,605 9,125 865 440 420
Other places of birth in Asia 2,090 885 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,410 13,035 17,375 550 260 290
Oceania and other93 620 345 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 5,335 3,825 195 100 95
Australia 435 230 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,845 2,685 95 40 50
Other places of birth98 185 115 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,625 1,490 1,135 100 55 40
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,291,770 642,130 649,635 460 230 225 810 380 420 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 1,103,200 549,495 553,710
First generation100 471,470 228,280 243,195 65 25 40 365 190 180 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 158,540 79,230 79,310
Second generation101 281,465 142,090 139,380 90 35 55 245 115 130 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 121,675 59,265 62,410
Third generation or more102 538,830 271,765 267,065 310 170 140 195 80 115 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 822,985 411,000 411,980
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 382,215 183,750 198,460 20 0 15 320 160 165 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 124,835 61,875 62,960
Economic immigrants104 215,420 108,005 107,410 20 0 15 115 55 65 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 88,545 45,370 43,185
Principal applicants105 88,050 52,955 35,090 15 0 10 50 30 20 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 34,820 22,465 12,355
Secondary applicants106 127,375 55,055 72,315 0 0 0 60 20 40 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 53,725 22,900 30,825
Immigrants sponsored by family107 107,140 43,925 63,210 0 0 0 130 70 65 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 21,620 8,700 12,920
Refugees108 55,735 29,885 25,845 0 0 0 80 40 35 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 14,405 7,675 6,725
Other immigrants109 3,920 1,925 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,900 42,145 49,755 265 135 130
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 382,215 183,750 198,460 20 0 15 320 160 165 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 124,835 61,875 62,960
Asylum claim before admission111 13,615 7,955 5,660 0 0 0 10 10 0 416,105 222,895 193,205 1,885 1,155 735
Work permits only before admission112 46,635 20,170 26,460 10 0 10 35 15 15 705,405 324,370 381,035 20,335 10,710 9,620
Study permits only before admission113 9,450 4,855 4,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 183,250 92,135 91,110 4,170 2,185 1,985
Work and study permits before admission114 22,045 11,495 10,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 377,130 188,535 188,590 7,770 4,580 3,190
Other permits before admission115 1,375 605 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,540 15,685 23,855 600 230 370
No pre-admission experience116 289,095 138,665 150,425 0 0 0 275 135 140 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 90,090 43,025 47,065
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 460 230 230 810 380 420 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 1,103,200 549,495 553,710
Total visible minority population118 534,695 262,355 272,340 20 15 10 560 280 285 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 159,365 80,495 78,870
South Asian 141,660 71,810 69,845 0 0 0 235 120 110 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 44,720 23,875 20,845
Chinese 91,410 44,315 47,095 0 0 0 25 10 15 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 18,010 8,850 9,155
Black 70,680 35,655 35,020 0 0 0 25 20 0 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 22,570 11,715 10,855
Filipino 84,215 38,660 45,550 0 0 0 75 30 45 957,355 427,755 529,600 43,755 21,015 22,745
Arab 30,735 16,175 14,560 0 0 0 135 60 80 694,015 362,845 331,170 5,575 2,920 2,655
Latin American 31,855 15,340 16,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 580,235 281,030 299,200 5,680 2,740 2,945
Southeast Asian 26,395 12,300 14,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 390,340 184,120 206,220 8,540 4,265 4,275
West Asian 15,150 7,705 7,440 0 0 0 0 0 0 360,495 181,795 178,695 2,830 1,445 1,380
Korean 12,380 5,945 6,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 218,140 101,855 116,285 1,850 885 955
Japanese 5,825 2,530 3,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,890 42,315 56,575 830 360 475
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,445 2,710 2,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,885 83,310 89,580 1,275 565 715
Multiple visible minorities 18,955 9,210 9,745 0 0 0 25 20 10 331,805 160,790 171,010 3,725 1,845 1,875
Not a visible minority120 757,075 379,775 377,295 435 220 220 240 105 140 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 943,840 469,000 474,835
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 460 235 225 805 385 420 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 1,103,200 549,495 553,705
Canadian 125,490 65,430 60,065 70 45 25 50 15 35 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 107,095 54,965 52,130
English 205,980 102,400 103,575 110 65 50 50 30 20 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 219,665 107,240 112,420
Irish 153,865 74,665 79,195 110 40 70 45 15 30 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 145,415 69,495 75,920
Scottish 177,490 87,675 89,815 90 50 40 30 15 20 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 175,590 85,595 89,995
French, n.o.s.122 79,635 39,135 40,500 25 15 10 15 0 10 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 108,355 52,690 55,665
German 146,970 72,775 74,190 90 60 30 30 15 15 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 272,475 134,060 138,420
Chinese 96,180 46,325 49,860 0 0 0 25 10 15 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 19,965 9,660 10,305
Italian 36,235 18,060 18,175 30 20 10 10 0 0 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 10,830 5,335 5,500
Indian (India) 71,115 35,960 35,155 0 0 0 140 80 60 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 20,755 11,165 9,590
Ukrainian 69,030 33,640 35,390 35 10 30 30 15 20 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 138,705 67,645 71,060
Dutch 38,505 19,070 19,430 25 10 20 10 0 0 988,585 489,045 499,545 29,410 14,540 14,870
Polish 42,735 20,560 22,175 40 20 20 20 15 0 982,820 472,290 510,525 55,605 26,820 28,780
Québécois 1,580 785 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 981,635 490,130 491,510 705 355 345
British Isles, n.o.s.123 41,520 20,955 20,570 70 35 35 0 0 0 938,950 462,420 476,530 21,650 10,960 10,690
Filipino 79,200 36,580 42,625 0 0 0 80 35 45 925,490 414,915 510,570 40,160 19,305 20,860
French Canadian 9,130 4,545 4,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 906,315 441,610 464,705 5,465 2,695 2,765
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 20,860 10,850 10,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 691,260 347,080 344,175 13,375 7,020 6,360
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 12,415 5,805 6,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 632,340 304,220 328,120 50,770 24,635 26,135
Métis 19,805 9,345 10,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 560,335 271,985 288,350 56,060 27,275 28,785
European, n.o.s.126 22,790 11,410 11,380 10 0 0 25 20 10 551,910 278,060 273,850 11,985 6,340 5,645
Russian 28,470 13,255 15,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 548,140 260,075 288,065 35,920 17,415 18,505
Norwegian 32,675 15,535 17,140 30 10 10 0 0 0 466,500 224,290 242,210 70,215 33,925 36,285
Welsh 21,030 9,965 11,065 20 10 10 0 0 0 455,720 216,490 239,230 17,605 8,415 9,190
Portuguese 6,770 3,400 3,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 448,305 222,770 225,535 1,760 830 930
American 18,030 8,720 9,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 353,495 172,240 181,255 12,675 6,435 6,235
Spanish 17,085 7,820 9,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 342,040 160,475 181,570 5,670 2,555 3,115
Swedish 20,940 10,255 10,685 30 10 15 0 0 0 334,505 156,840 177,665 31,965 15,285 16,675
Hungarian 16,335 7,965 8,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 320,150 155,755 164,395 28,495 14,095 14,400
Acadian 2,935 1,520 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,170 145,500 159,675 935 485 450
Pakistani 22,800 11,565 11,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 303,260 154,435 148,825 7,640 3,995 3,645
African, n.o.s.127 13,470 6,635 6,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,955 148,335 153,625 4,065 2,110 1,950
Jewish 6,595 3,345 3,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 282,015 141,530 140,490 2,420 1,230 1,190
Punjabi 18,050 9,135 8,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,950 145,620 134,330 4,115 2,215 1,905
Vietnamese 21,145 9,890 11,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 275,530 131,075 144,445 4,730 2,340 2,390
Arab, n.o.s.128 10,585 5,620 4,965 0 0 0 40 10 25 263,710 138,210 125,500 2,155 1,185 970
Greek 5,540 2,865 2,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,140 132,975 129,160 3,075 1,530 1,540
Jamaican 5,860 2,915 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 249,070 119,265 129,805 2,225 1,080 1,150
Asian, n.o.s.129 14,510 6,955 7,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 226,220 107,785 118,435 5,860 2,875 2,985
Cree, n.o.s.130 5,915 2,675 3,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,855 105,825 114,030 46,340 22,465 23,875
Korean 12,445 5,920 6,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 217,650 101,805 115,845 1,950 945 1,010
Romanian 10,540 4,990 5,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 215,885 103,720 112,165 12,415 5,995 6,415
Lebanese 11,360 5,955 5,405 0 0 0 60 25 35 210,605 107,990 102,615 1,240 690 550
Iranian 6,105 3,130 2,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,465 100,790 99,675 1,315 700 610
Christian, n.i.e.131 4,815 2,325 2,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,340 99,800 100,540 3,145 1,625 1,520
Danish 14,575 7,305 7,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,945 96,220 100,725 10,585 5,110 5,480
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 4,225 2,020 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,840 94,035 100,810 12,300 5,895 6,405
Sikh 14,120 7,270 6,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,640 101,255 93,385 2,530 1,340 1,195
Austrian 10,255 5,080 5,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 189,535 92,740 96,800 17,690 8,785 8,900
Belgian 5,295 2,545 2,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,175 90,150 92,030 9,340 4,790 4,550
Haitian 930 475 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 178,990 84,510 94,490 170 100 75
Hindu 8,550 4,305 4,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 166,160 87,665 78,495 3,220 1,785 1,435
Mexican 7,685 3,755 3,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,495 77,435 78,055 2,620 1,300 1,320
Mennonite 3,750 1,840 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,095 77,735 77,360 11,150 5,560 5,590
Swiss 5,765 2,795 2,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,570 72,015 73,555 4,555 2,255 2,295
Finnish 5,250 2,540 2,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,055 69,270 74,785 5,180 2,435 2,745
Sri Lankan 1,865 925 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 132,410 65,175 67,240 465 220 250
Croatian 5,170 2,540 2,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 130,820 64,915 65,905 2,460 1,295 1,170
Japanese 7,785 3,465 4,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 129,425 56,850 72,580 1,295 590 710
South Asian, n.o.s.133 4,655 2,305 2,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,125 60,575 59,550 1,195 610 585
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 1,330 620 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 111,605 53,700 57,905 680 310 370
Northern European, n.o.s.135 6,340 3,050 3,290 0 0 0 15 10 0 110,735 54,730 56,005 6,025 3,180 2,845
Muslim 6,060 3,145 2,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,620 54,095 51,525 1,780 955 825
Egyptian 4,610 2,475 2,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,245 55,230 50,020 995 505 490
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 5,960 2,910 3,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 104,765 51,375 53,395 860 425 435
Tamil 1,370 710 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,170 51,165 51,005 285 145 135
Icelandic 6,025 3,195 2,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 101,990 50,370 51,620 8,345 3,915 4,425
Colombian 6,420 3,075 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,555 47,995 52,560 735 350 385
Moroccan 880 425 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,980 50,835 49,150 220 125 95
Czech 6,295 3,085 3,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,925 47,495 51,430 5,290 2,545 2,740
Syrian 4,215 2,150 2,065 0 0 0 30 20 10 98,250 49,385 48,865 1,140 540 605
Guyanese 1,210 595 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,210 46,270 50,940 325 130 195
Afghan 6,465 3,170 3,290 0 0 0 70 40 30 96,810 48,255 48,550 890 465 425
Black, n.o.s.137 2,530 1,325 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,585 44,335 50,250 730 385 345
Serbian 3,125 1,485 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,360 46,945 46,410 1,325 675 645
Ojibway 1,165 595 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,220 44,610 47,600 2,060 1,000 1,055
Newfoundlander 1,500 795 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,670 45,665 46,005 555 295 260
Hong Konger 3,940 1,925 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,680 39,485 42,195 350 175 180
Ontarian 1,030 470 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,555 39,675 40,880 425 205 220
Persian 2,700 1,440 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,340 41,415 38,925 510 290 220
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 1,495 745 750 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,405 37,655 39,750 385 185 200
Turkish 2,610 1,435 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,745 39,955 36,795 695 375 320
Inuit, n.o.s.138 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,675 37,315 39,365 690 300 390
Bangladeshi 3,570 1,810 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,425 39,085 36,335 3,230 1,740 1,490
Algerian 645 320 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,770 38,035 35,740 45 15 25
Brazilian 2,555 1,260 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,755 34,670 37,085 755 345 410
Nigerian 8,120 4,145 3,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,540 34,680 34,860 2,845 1,495 1,350
Armenian 925 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,850 34,105 34,745 270 110 160
Slovak 3,520 1,750 1,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,210 33,475 34,740 1,525 805 720
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,620 1,220 1,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,780 31,525 35,255 1,605 755 845
Somali 2,830 1,485 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,555 31,555 33,995 870 400 475
Taiwanese 2,120 890 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,020 29,280 34,740 250 125 125
Iraqi 3,035 1,470 1,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,300 29,865 29,435 1,250 635 615
Salvadorean 2,325 1,150 1,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,280 29,150 30,130 735 330 405
African Caribbean 930 495 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,050 26,385 32,670 315 165 150
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 3,670 1,710 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,870 27,845 31,025 1,285 645 645
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 2,645 1,375 1,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,840 30,560 28,280 645 315 335
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 1,330 650 680 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,195 25,715 31,475 275 150 125
Algonquin 380 165 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,070 27,025 29,040 320 150 170
West Indian, n.o.s.143 835 370 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,085 23,685 28,395 140 80 60
Lithuanian 2,015 880 1,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,040 24,510 27,530 895 445 460
South African 2,915 1,465 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,840 24,885 24,955 1,895 975 920
Australian 3,060 1,585 1,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,765 24,165 22,595 980 520 455
Palestinian 1,675 910 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,905 23,930 21,975 120 55 65
Chilean 2,925 1,505 1,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,685 22,520 23,165 1,035 535 500
Congolese 1,045 500 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,260 22,000 23,260 640 360 285
Nova Scotian 850 380 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,720 21,700 23,025 200 110 90
Ethiopian 6,695 3,225 3,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,545 20,675 21,875 690 330 360
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 2,920 1,375 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,405 20,105 22,300 505 285 220
Peruvian 1,450 690 760 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,295 19,925 22,370 260 105 155
Yoruba 5,200 2,640 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,075 21,740 20,330 2,725 1,430 1,295
Cambodian (Khmer) 1,960 965 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,950 19,835 22,115 310 160 155
Berber 405 225 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,700 22,325 19,370 60 30 30
Albanian 1,870 1,030 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,620 21,050 20,570 405 210 185
Maltese 505 230 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,670 20,210 20,455 215 115 95
Macedonian 385 185 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,440 19,500 19,940 95 45 50
Slovenian 1,445 715 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,595 18,785 19,815 490 225 265
Western European, n.o.s.145 1,960 925 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,520 18,935 19,585 615 320 290
New Brunswicker 410 170 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,670 18,235 19,435 150 60 90
Gujarati 1,665 880 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,970 19,580 17,385 1,065 625 450
Eritrean 5,320 2,700 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,290 18,185 18,110 1,235 650 585
African Canadian 940 465 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,395 17,140 18,250 315 170 145
Israeli 1,095 565 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,345 18,410 16,940 175 95 80
Mohawk 500 300 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,330 16,485 16,845 365 170 190
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 1,685 790 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,135 15,355 17,775 2,210 990 1,220
Bulgarian 1,305 635 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,085 16,235 16,850 265 145 120
Albertan 5,465 2,785 2,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,575 16,525 16,055 270 125 140
Ghanaian 1,405 705 700 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,720 15,650 16,065 555 265 295
Barbadian 640 310 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,440 15,265 16,175 195 95 100
African American 935 435 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,430 15,700 15,730 840 455 390
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 1,030 545 480 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,565 14,635 15,930 745 325 430
Tunisian 300 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,465 16,585 13,875 65 40 25
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,305 675 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,220 15,225 14,995 580 295 285
Cuban 830 395 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,065 14,830 15,235 210 105 105
Bosnian 1,870 890 975 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,490 14,320 14,170 535 240 290
Venezuelan 3,025 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,395 13,220 15,175 160 80 80
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,225 13,490 14,735 30 10 20
Latvian 1,025 485 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,140 13,515 14,620 400 180 220
Bengali 1,200 585 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,675 13,830 12,850 895 445 450
Cameroonian 930 485 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,535 12,960 13,580 230 100 130
Guatemalan 1,200 555 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,460 13,920 12,540 295 160 135
Indonesian 1,555 750 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,330 11,910 14,415 355 165 185
Laotian 1,015 505 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,875 12,500 13,375 660 355 305
Ilocano 2,575 1,195 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,575 11,860 13,715 1,105 595 510
Northern Irish 920 445 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,200 12,495 12,710 405 220 185
Celtic, n.o.s.150 805 420 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,420 12,265 12,155 435 255 180
British Columbian 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,325 12,230 12,095 155 85 70
Ecuadorian 405 210 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,255 11,510 12,745 225 115 110
Franco Ontarian 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,110 11,540 12,570 20 10 15
Argentinian 1,050 545 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,500 11,665 11,840 130 60 75
Estonian 980 480 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,455 11,080 12,375 285 130 150
Kurdish 1,060 525 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,130 12,670 10,460 155 65 85
Fijian 1,145 525 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,020 11,040 11,980 150 75 75
Jatt 1,410 705 705 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,695 11,090 290 145 145
North American, n.o.s.151 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,680 11,105 325 170 160
Coptic 440 225 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,570 11,405 11,165 80 40 45
Thai 1,185 370 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,275 8,525 13,750 595 260 330
Dominican 405 245 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,125 10,615 11,510 160 100 60
Nepali 2,255 1,175 1,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,975 11,215 10,765 775 400 370
Kabyle 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0 0 0
Assyrian 420 215 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,685 9,730 9,955 250 125 120
Igbo 3,150 1,635 1,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,305 9,890 9,415 1,170 615 555
Byelorussian 730 350 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,850 9,055 9,795 190 110 80
Dene, n.o.s.152 215 95 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,745 9,030 9,710 6,775 3,245 3,530
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 1,580 685 895 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,545 8,975 9,570 430 225 205
Abenaki 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 8,545 9,870 20 10 20
Moldovan 990 545 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 8,850 9,340 400 200 205
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 245 125 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,955 8,625 9,330 210 125 90
New Zealander 1,095 590 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,755 9,275 8,470 420 260 160
Sudanese 2,480 1,205 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,485 8,825 8,665 720 360 360
Breton 40 30 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,465 8,710 8,755 60 35 25
Pennsylvania Dutch 350 125 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,315 7,300 10,020 755 320 440
Malaysian 1,175 560 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,050 7,935 9,115 115 65 50
Plains Cree 200 100 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,570 8,255 8,310 9,465 4,730 4,745
North African, n.o.s.155 420 210 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,315 8,565 7,750 75 35 40
Huron (Wendat) 80 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,910 7,715 8,195 50 20 35
Saskatchewanian 1,150 595 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,780 7,505 8,280 6,020 2,990 3,025
Buddhist 1,010 480 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,660 7,485 8,175 80 30 50
Gaspesian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0 0 0
Norman 145 100 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,340 8,155 7,190 90 55 35
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 1,270 645 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,055 7,180 7,875 220 95 120
Ivorian 210 110 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,010 7,255 7,755 50 25 25
Saulteaux 280 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,265 6,730 7,535 6,970 3,370 3,600
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 160 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,260 6,525 7,735 515 225 290
Burundian 150 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 6,810 7,295 265 150 105
Tigrinya 2,240 1,220 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,910 7,435 6,470 445 235 205
Nicaraguan 800 355 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,840 6,730 7,120 250 150 95
Mauritian 450 190 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,755 7,020 6,730 290 150 140
Kenyan 1,050 510 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,565 6,510 7,055 295 160 135
Oji-Cree 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 75 55 15
Vincentian 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,245 5,800 7,445 30 20 10
Jordanian 445 220 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,225 7,055 6,170 85 60 20
Manitoban 460 245 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,095 6,530 6,565 340 165 175
Cape Bretoner 175 90 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,065 6,175 6,885 90 45 45
Rwandan 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 6,150 6,740 210 105 105
Grenadian 225 90 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 5,965 6,930 20 10 10
Malayali 665 375 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,490 6,580 5,910 340 190 150
Chaldean 165 80 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,115 6,080 6,035 455 215 245
Sinhalese 555 255 305 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,080 5,905 6,170 175 65 105
Mayan 575 310 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,710 5,980 5,730 100 45 55
Honduran 340 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,920 5,370 5,550 80 45 35
Cherokee 545 255 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 5,080 5,745 560 290 275
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 110 45 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 15 0 15
Indo-Caribbean 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,490 4,710 5,775 20 10 10
Flemish 420 190 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,275 4,950 5,325 440 170 275
United Empire Loyalist 180 65 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,015 4,975 5,045 35 10 25
Senegalese 140 100 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,955 5,115 4,840 65 30 40
Azerbaijani 670 350 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,915 5,165 4,750 70 40 30
Sicilian 110 35 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,835 5,135 4,695 30 25 10
Pashtun 820 420 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,825 5,195 4,625 155 85 70
Malay 790 340 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,795 4,725 5,065 280 140 140
Goan 350 185 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,700 4,710 4,990 20 0 10
Bantu, n.o.s.158 330 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,455 4,705 4,755 75 30 45
Tibetan 790 415 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,350 4,650 4,700 85 45 45
Zimbabwean 660 295 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,165 4,435 4,725 225 135 95
Burmese 540 250 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,150 4,385 4,760 435 245 190
Mongolian 985 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,090 4,240 4,850 205 95 105
Azorean 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,970 4,235 4,735 10 10 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0 0 0
Bamileke 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0 0 0
Indo-Guyanese 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0 0 0
Ugandan 300 145 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,285 3,910 4,375 190 95 100
Oromo 1,560 875 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,255 4,425 3,830 195 110 85
Tanzanian 795 425 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,140 3,945 4,195 70 45 25
Yemeni 555 280 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,115 3,995 4,130 25 10 15
Central African 70 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,080 3,830 4,250 75 45 30
Libyan 445 255 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,945 4,265 3,680 125 55 70
Basque 175 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,745 4,030 3,710 65 30 40
Uruguayan 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,660 3,870 3,790 10 10 0
Akan, n.o.s.159 295 125 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,640 3,835 3,805 160 95 65
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 345 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,635 3,690 3,950 80 50 25
Igorot 1,195 560 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,535 3,305 4,230 715 325 390
Fulani 65 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,480 3,865 3,620 35 25 15
Woodland Cree 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 4,420 2,130 2,285
Guinean 155 80 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,390 3,700 3,695 30 20 10
St. Lucian 230 90 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,285 3,340 3,945 30 15 20
Prince Edward Islander 215 100 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 25 0 25
Maliseet 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,220 3,515 3,705 30 15 20
Beninese 145 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 3,630 3,180 20 10 0
Telugu 255 135 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670 3,730 2,945 100 50 45
Roma 200 95 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,545 3,225 3,320 220 110 110
Costa Rican 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,500 3,265 3,230 55 15 40
African Nova Scotian 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 2,945 3,535 15 0 15
Malagasy 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,255 3,085 3,170 50 30 25
Kashmiri 820 405 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,165 3,020 3,145 110 60 50
Singaporean 325 120 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,060 2,755 3,305 65 30 30
Karen 390 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 925 465 460
Edo 605 340 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 2,995 2,995 140 70 75
Tajik 280 130 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,980 2,965 3,015 50 30 20
Amhara 810 435 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,945 3,010 2,930 75 35 40
Paraguayan 100 30 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,925 2,855 3,075 120 70 50
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,291,770 642,135 649,635 460 230 230 810 380 420 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 1,103,205 549,495 553,710
Buddhist 20,855 9,225 11,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 356,975 157,435 199,540 4,410 2,085 2,330
Christian 575,250 270,555 304,690 245 120 120 235 110 120 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 621,250 294,000 327,255
Christian, n.o.s.162 121,585 58,010 63,575 70 35 30 25 0 15 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 93,135 45,790 47,340
Anabaptist 2,100 1,020 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,145 70,095 74,050 11,620 5,605 6,025
Anglican 27,005 12,375 14,635 30 15 15 15 10 0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 36,415 17,085 19,330
Baptist 10,875 5,050 5,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 436,940 200,325 236,615 12,150 5,715 6,435
Catholic 262,720 125,010 137,705 95 40 50 140 70 70 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 265,530 127,030 138,505
Christian Orthodox 24,020 11,690 12,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 623,010 301,055 321,955 13,320 6,610 6,710
Jehovah's Witness 5,160 2,300 2,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 137,255 59,505 77,750 4,530 1,960 2,570
Latter Day Saints 9,895 4,590 5,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,725 41,365 46,360 2,060 995 1,065
Lutheran 14,005 6,325 7,675 10 0 0 0 0 0 328,045 150,115 177,925 46,980 21,930 25,050
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 2,570 1,160 1,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,655 46,640 54,020 2,275 1,040 1,235
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,690 6,905 7,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 399,025 180,870 218,155 15,255 7,090 8,165
Presbyterian 8,330 3,730 4,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,400 136,440 164,960 4,155 1,920 2,235
Reformed 1,250 600 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,870 39,250 40,620 625 310 315
United Church 37,055 15,800 21,255 30 15 15 40 15 25 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 81,465 36,190 45,275
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 33,980 15,990 17,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 745,650 345,540 400,110 31,740 14,740 17,000
Hindu 33,450 17,180 16,265 0 0 0 55 25 35 828,195 430,135 398,060 14,150 7,865 6,285
Jewish 6,390 3,140 3,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 335,295 164,220 171,070 1,105 570 535
Muslim 95,925 48,855 47,075 0 0 0 210 95 115 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 25,455 13,285 12,165
Sikh 49,465 24,885 24,580 0 0 0 140 65 70 771,790 394,345 377,445 9,040 4,715 4,320
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 1,370 500 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,685 38,460 42,230 16,300 7,830 8,465
Other religions and spiritual traditions 9,695 4,165 5,535 0 0 0 15 0 0 229,015 97,645 131,370 7,540 3,240 4,295
No religion and secular perspectives 499,375 263,630 235,745 200 100 100 150 80 65 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 403,960 215,895 188,060
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,277,835 634,945 642,885 460 235 220 800 380 420 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 1,090,215 542,725 547,490
Non-movers 1,101,965 547,205 554,760 430 215 220 715 340 375 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 952,690 475,060 477,630
Movers 175,865 87,745 88,125 25 20 0 80 40 45 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 137,525 67,660 69,860
Non-migrants 132,940 66,500 66,445 25 20 0 80 40 45 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 87,445 43,195 44,250
Migrants 42,925 21,245 21,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 50,080 24,470 25,605
Internal migrants 29,285 14,520 14,770 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 43,570 21,240 22,325
Intraprovincial migrants 13,780 6,700 7,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 31,135 14,955 16,180
Interprovincial migrants 15,505 7,820 7,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 268,965 135,215 133,750 12,435 6,290 6,145
External migrants 13,640 6,730 6,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 293,955 147,585 146,370 6,510 3,230 3,280
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,217,975 604,435 613,540 435 215 215 755 365 395 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 1,034,525 514,365 520,155
Non-movers 707,190 350,630 356,560 340 165 175 525 260 260 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 640,040 320,125 319,920
Movers 510,785 253,805 256,980 100 50 40 235 100 130 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 394,480 194,240 200,240
Non-migrants 333,555 166,780 166,775 60 35 25 125 55 75 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 180,065 88,355 91,715
Migrants 177,230 87,025 90,205 35 20 15 105 45 60 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 214,415 105,890 108,525
Internal migrants 103,835 51,155 52,680 35 20 15 75 30 45 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 172,905 84,895 88,015
Intraprovincial migrants 52,115 25,805 26,310 15 0 10 0 0 0 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 134,460 65,855 68,605
Interprovincial migrants 51,725 25,355 26,370 20 10 10 65 30 35 921,345 459,695 461,650 38,445 19,040 19,410
External migrants 73,395 35,870 37,525 0 0 0 30 15 15 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 41,505 20,995 20,510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,175 535,050 360 175 185 610 290 320 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 149,010 77,165 71,850 65 35 30 175 90 85 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 177,330 101,135 76,195
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 907,215 444,015 463,205 295 145 155 440 205 240 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 705,430 335,375 370,050
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 200 105 90 350 165 190 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 566,615 281,370 285,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 65,615 35,580 30,040 0 0 0 90 40 45 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 70,485 43,935 26,555
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 672,130 329,065 343,070 195 100 90 265 120 145 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 496,130 237,440 258,690
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 355 175 180 610 290 320 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
No certificate, diploma or degree 134,565 68,700 65,865 55 25 30 160 70 85 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 159,815 89,275 70,540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 273,135 137,495 135,635 70 40 30 190 90 100 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 284,345 146,000 138,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 648,530 314,980 333,550 235 110 130 265 125 135 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 438,600 201,240 237,360
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 271,085 134,270 136,810 105 55 45 160 75 80 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 257,350 123,755 133,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 62,155 45,900 16,255 45 35 10 25 15 0 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 84,485 61,685 22,800
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 22,795 12,780 10,015 20 20 0 15 0 0 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 32,710 18,090 14,620
Apprenticeship certificate169 39,360 33,125 6,235 30 25 0 10 10 0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 51,775 43,590 8,180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 172,905 73,135 99,775 50 15 35 125 55 65 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 143,610 50,720 92,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 36,020 15,235 20,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 896,755 372,560 524,195 29,260 11,355 17,905
Bachelor's degree or higher 377,450 180,710 196,740 130 45 85 110 50 55 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 181,255 77,485 103,770
Bachelor's degree 258,985 121,715 137,275 70 20 50 70 40 40 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 130,060 53,265 76,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 19,835 9,020 10,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 556,510 243,200 313,310 8,890 3,790 5,095
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 9,365 4,285 5,080 0 0 0 0 0 0 214,105 108,000 106,105 5,205 2,680 2,525
Master's degree 77,600 38,555 39,040 60 25 35 35 10 25 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 31,315 14,210 17,105
Earned doctorate171 11,670 7,130 4,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,660 165,795 113,870 5,790 3,535 2,255
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 737,750 364,645 373,105 195 105 95 350 160 190 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 566,615 281,370 285,245
No certificate, diploma or degree 56,150 30,270 25,880 0 0 0 85 40 45 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 61,380 37,625 23,755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 158,090 83,330 74,760 20 20 0 95 40 55 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 171,565 91,440 80,125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 523,505 251,045 272,465 175 75 95 170 80 90 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 333,670 152,305 181,370
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 207,210 103,010 104,205 60 40 25 100 45 50 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 187,510 91,760 95,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 46,300 34,495 11,805 30 25 0 0 0 0 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 61,810 45,770 16,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 16,310 9,360 6,950 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 23,150 13,115 10,035
Apprenticeship certificate169 29,990 25,135 4,860 25 20 0 0 0 0 836,220 693,830 142,395 38,660 32,655 6,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 132,925 56,660 76,265 30 10 20 90 45 45 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 106,680 38,240 68,435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 27,990 11,860 16,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 623,090 261,035 362,050 19,025 7,755 11,270
Bachelor's degree or higher 316,295 148,035 168,260 110 40 70 75 35 45 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 146,160 60,540 85,620
Bachelor's degree 215,545 99,580 115,960 50 15 40 45 25 25 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 103,950 41,590 62,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 15,980 7,050 8,925 0 0 0 0 0 0 430,875 179,230 251,645 6,745 2,720 4,025
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 8,070 3,480 4,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 167,730 75,120 92,615 4,300 1,995 2,305
Master's degree 67,610 32,685 34,925 50 20 35 25 10 15 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 26,715 11,665 15,045
Earned doctorate171 9,100 5,240 3,855 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,445 115,530 93,915 4,455 2,570 1,885
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 360 175 180 610 290 320 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 882,760 436,515 446,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 407,695 206,200 201,495 120 70 55 345 165 180 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 444,160 235,270 208,885
Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 0 0 0 10 0 10 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 41,855 10,430 31,430
13. Education 37,900 8,205 29,695 0 0 0 10 0 10 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 41,855 10,430 31,430
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 20,300 8,295 12,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 631,255 274,065 357,190 8,250 3,400 4,850
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 2,095 1,585 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 74,785 53,390 21,395 1,135 805 330
50. Visual and performing arts 18,205 6,715 11,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 556,470 220,680 335,790 7,115 2,595 4,520
Humanities 29,295 10,450 18,845 0 0 0 10 0 0 926,560 354,120 572,440 16,710 7,370 9,340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 3,420 660 2,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 106,345 23,460 82,885 1,080 310 770
23. English language and literature/letters 6,610 1,750 4,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,600 53,020 131,580 3,555 1,180 2,380
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 10,070 3,555 6,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 316,050 119,215 196,830 3,575 1,315 2,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 455 155 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,935 6,835 12,095 315 100 215
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,925 1,050 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,745 33,040 24,700 1,355 740 610
39. Theology and religious vocations 2,775 1,575 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,510 46,140 31,365 4,520 2,525 1,995
54. History 3,320 1,570 1,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,935 58,310 50,620 2,015 1,150 870
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 720 130 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,440 14,090 42,345 290 45 250
Social and behavioural sciences and law 72,710 25,400 47,315 40 10 30 35 20 10 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 33,210 10,740 22,470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,020 200 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,430 7,065 22,365 830 210 625
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 9,885 3,435 6,450 10 0 10 0 0 0 233,400 88,205 145,200 2,930 1,320 1,615
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 7,890 615 7,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 344,150 27,905 316,240 7,185 500 6,685
22. Legal professions and studies 13,435 4,770 8,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 325,785 115,335 210,445 5,120 1,925 3,190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,430 480 945 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,855 16,000 33,850 590 225 370
42. Psychology 11,935 2,745 9,190 0 0 0 10 0 0 327,965 79,295 248,665 6,215 1,630 4,590
45. Social sciences 27,130 13,155 13,975 20 0 10 20 10 0 705,540 336,960 368,580 10,330 4,935 5,395
Business, management and public administration 151,340 66,070 85,275 70 35 35 55 10 45 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 92,220 29,255 62,965
30.16 Accounting and computer science 145 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,335 1,705 3,630 165 45 120
44. Public administration and social service professions 7,190 1,385 5,810 0 0 0 0 0 0 272,240 55,995 216,245 9,905 2,070 7,835
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 144,000 64,630 79,380 70 35 35 55 10 45 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 82,150 27,140 55,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies 35,280 18,270 17,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 719,715 353,540 366,175 13,015 6,260 6,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 11,915 4,605 7,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 297,055 121,615 175,435 6,320 2,775 3,545
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,125 3,260 3,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,955 72,245 83,705 1,960 830 1,125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 560 230 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,380 14,950 20,430 150 35 110
40. Physical sciences 14,385 9,680 4,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,620 130,745 65,875 3,390 2,190 1,205
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,295 495 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,710 13,985 20,730 1,195 435 760
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 32,775 21,555 11,215 0 0 0 30 20 0 804,230 531,435 272,795 14,360 9,055 5,305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 27,025 18,865 8,165 0 0 0 30 20 0 643,145 454,370 188,775 11,735 8,025 3,710
25. Library science 1,385 170 1,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,085 7,100 35,985 950 120 825
27. Mathematics and statistics 3,675 2,070 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,360 57,560 41,800 1,435 765 675
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 685 455 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,640 12,400 6,240 235 145 90
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 141,165 119,620 21,550 60 50 10 60 55 0 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 94,645 87,115 7,530
04. Architecture and related services 5,715 3,555 2,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,020 81,930 53,090 1,710 1,050 660
14. Engineering 60,975 48,265 12,715 20 15 0 10 10 0 900,475 723,080 177,395 15,975 13,055 2,920
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 30,160 24,830 5,325 0 0 0 10 0 0 726,155 638,355 87,800 18,400 16,330 2,075
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 190 390 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 20,365 19,740 625 25 20 0 10 10 0 703,905 683,060 20,845 24,630 23,810 820
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 15,535 15,080 455 10 10 0 20 20 0 659,480 640,895 18,590 21,790 21,240 550
48. Precision production 8,400 8,145 260 0 0 0 10 10 0 380,505 363,710 16,795 12,130 11,630 500
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,880 5,175 5,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 407,545 234,360 173,175 18,995 12,340 6,650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,525 3,070 3,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,580 140,520 122,070 15,775 10,225 5,550
03. Natural resources and conservation 4,350 2,100 2,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,960 93,845 51,115 3,220 2,120 1,100
Health and related fields 91,710 19,495 72,215 35 0 35 50 0 45 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 77,105 13,095 64,015
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 7,380 3,540 3,845 0 0 0 0 0 0 180,785 89,005 91,780 4,765 2,240 2,525
51. Health professions and related programs178 81,445 14,515 66,930 35 0 35 50 0 45 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 70,660 9,930 60,730
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 150 55 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 1,425 3,825 150 60 85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,740 1,395 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,030 34,630 29,400 1,535 860 675
Personal, protective and transportation services 24,990 12,345 12,645 10 0 0 10 10 0 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 28,170 12,145 16,030
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 16,005 5,380 10,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 548,520 151,115 397,410 17,195 3,335 13,860
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 105 90 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,965 3,520 445 35 30 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 125 105 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,900 6,210 690 100 95 10
43. Security and protective services 4,485 2,870 1,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,835 160,930 66,905 5,415 3,655 1,760
49. Transportation and materials moving 4,270 3,900 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,205 199,190 20,010 5,425 5,035 390
Other179 180 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 1,640 3,665 70 40 35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 737,745 364,640 373,105 200 105 90 350 165 185 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 566,615 281,375 285,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 214,245 113,600 100,640 30 30 0 180 85 95 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 232,940 129,065 103,875
Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 10 0 10 10 0 10 742,175 158,185 583,990 27,555 6,340 21,215
13. Education 27,425 5,745 21,680 10 0 10 10 0 10 742,175 158,185 583,990 27,555 6,340 21,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 16,520 6,735 9,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 490,455 210,500 279,955 6,520 2,715 3,800
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 1,595 1,150 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,645 38,170 16,475 775 565 210
50. Visual and performing arts 14,920 5,580 9,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 435,815 172,330 263,480 5,740 2,150 3,590
Humanities 23,385 8,110 15,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 649,695 241,235 408,465 12,145 5,295 6,850
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 2,795 520 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,235 16,400 62,835 825 250 575
23. English language and literature/letters 5,440 1,440 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,815 37,610 97,210 2,665 875 1,790
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 8,205 2,785 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 216,725 80,505 136,220 2,815 1,065 1,755
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 340 110 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,910 4,540 8,370 220 75 150
38. Philosophy and religious studies 1,575 845 730 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,640 23,645 17,990 1,010 515 500
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,930 1,110 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,920 29,245 19,675 2,930 1,695 1,235
54. History 2,585 1,210 1,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,415 40,800 37,615 1,490 810 680
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 515 90 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,045 8,490 28,555 190 20 170
Social and behavioural sciences and law 60,535 20,560 39,980 35 0 30 15 10 0 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 26,915 8,320 18,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 870 180 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,895 5,520 18,370 725 170 550
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 8,695 2,925 5,770 10 0 10 0 0 0 196,475 72,125 124,350 2,545 1,165 1,375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 6,225 450 5,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 270,970 20,095 250,875 5,850 405 5,450
22. Legal professions and studies 11,170 3,705 7,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 261,265 82,850 178,420 4,075 1,360 2,720
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 1,180 385 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,830 12,160 25,670 460 150 310
42. Psychology 9,685 2,100 7,590 0 0 0 10 0 0 249,205 55,840 193,365 4,770 1,125 3,640
45. Social sciences 22,700 10,805 11,895 20 0 15 10 0 0 549,090 254,250 294,840 8,490 3,940 4,550
Business, management and public administration 124,905 53,865 71,040 45 25 20 40 0 35 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 72,350 22,735 49,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science 105 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,995 1,335 2,665 145 40 105
44. Public administration and social service professions 5,835 1,070 4,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 213,140 40,230 172,910 7,740 1,425 6,315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 118,970 52,750 66,215 45 25 20 40 0 35 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 64,470 21,270 43,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies 27,230 13,335 13,895 0 0 0 0 0 0 513,555 241,780 271,785 10,095 4,775 5,315
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 9,575 3,600 5,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,460 90,390 137,075 4,900 2,080 2,825
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 5,600 2,495 3,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,350 48,075 60,280 1,530 640 890
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 465 190 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,270 5,690 8,580 125 30 95
40. Physical sciences 10,735 6,710 4,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,510 88,540 51,970 2,740 1,720 1,020
41. Science technologies/technicians 860 335 525 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,960 9,090 13,870 795 310 485
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 28,300 18,680 9,610 0 0 0 25 15 10 667,305 445,970 221,330 12,025 7,645 4,375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 24,085 16,720 7,360 0 0 0 25 15 10 554,185 392,835 161,350 10,205 7,005 3,195
25. Library science 900 120 780 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,610 4,720 22,885 655 65 590
27. Mathematics and statistics 2,765 1,500 1,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,940 39,000 31,940 980 470 510
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 555 350 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,565 9,415 5,155 190 110 80
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 113,170 94,000 19,170 40 35 10 40 40 0 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 72,215 65,655 6,560
04. Architecture and related services 4,610 2,700 1,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,845 61,230 44,605 1,350 785 565
14. Engineering 51,005 39,500 11,510 15 10 0 0 0 0 724,235 568,385 155,850 13,255 10,650 2,600
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,030 19,430 4,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 536,600 464,510 72,090 14,385 12,545 1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 160 350 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 15,725 15,190 535 15 15 0 0 0 0 510,105 493,000 17,100 18,380 17,710 670
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 11,690 11,295 400 0 0 0 15 15 0 467,225 452,385 14,840 15,630 15,160 470
48. Precision production 6,095 5,885 200 0 0 0 10 10 0 266,690 253,110 13,585 9,210 8,800 405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,820 4,045 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 314,120 170,440 143,680 14,555 8,905 5,650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,000 2,240 2,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 199,335 99,700 99,635 11,965 7,285 4,680
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,820 1,805 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 114,780 70,745 44,040 2,590 1,620 970
Health and related fields 73,600 16,045 57,555 20 0 20 35 0 30 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 57,430 10,205 47,225
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 5,910 2,840 3,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 139,280 67,885 71,385 3,605 1,645 1,955
51. Health professions and related programs178 65,330 12,095 53,230 20 0 20 35 0 30 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 52,460 7,860 44,605
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 130 45 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 945 3,485 100 30 65
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 2,240 1,065 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,115 23,255 24,860 1,265 670 600
Personal, protective and transportation services 19,480 9,855 9,625 10 0 0 10 10 0 772,450 399,835 372,615 21,820 9,680 12,135
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 12,230 4,210 8,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 414,520 112,935 301,590 12,955 2,655 10,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 80 70 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,955 2,575 375 30 25 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,850 3,415 435 45 40 10
43. Security and protective services 3,695 2,380 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 183,025 128,295 54,725 4,425 2,915 1,505
49. Transportation and materials moving 3,425 3,150 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 168,105 152,620 15,485 4,360 4,050 310
Other179 140 70 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,075 1,150 2,930 45 20 25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 737,745 364,640 373,105 200 105 90 350 165 185 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 566,615 281,375 285,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 214,245 113,600 100,640 30 30 0 180 85 95 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 232,940 129,065 103,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 523,510 251,045 272,465 170 80 90 170 80 90 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 333,675 152,305 181,370
Location of study inside Canada 372,000 180,455 191,540 155 80 75 95 45 45 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 277,810 125,215 152,600
Same as province or territory of residence 267,640 128,510 139,130 120 65 60 85 40 45 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 221,390 98,410 122,980
Different than province or territory of residence 104,355 51,950 52,410 25 10 15 10 0 0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 56,420 26,805 29,615
Location of study outside Canada182 151,510 70,585 80,925 20 0 20 75 35 40 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 55,865 27,090 28,775
Americas 24,755 12,395 12,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 483,810 238,040 245,775 7,105 3,490 3,615
United States of America 14,510 7,920 6,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,005 143,575 135,435 5,385 2,725 2,660
Mexico 2,085 930 1,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,400 16,175 20,230 285 130 160
Cuba 235 135 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,345 4,275 4,070 55 30 20
Haiti 75 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0 0 0
Jamaica 400 175 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,780 6,110 6,670 320 130 190
Brazil 1,555 665 890 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,050 18,445 21,605 320 155 165
Colombia 2,015 880 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,165 13,875 17,295 205 95 110
Peru 365 140 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,780 3,025 4,750 50 10 35
Venezuela95 1,780 745 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 5,330 7,320 60 25 35
Other locations of study in Americas 1,735 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,000 21,575 23,425 430 195 235
Europe 25,250 13,170 12,080 15 0 15 0 0 0 543,725 281,205 262,520 7,140 3,870 3,270
Belgium 170 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,795 4,260 3,535 55 35 15
France 1,155 600 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,770 53,930 43,840 180 95 85
Germany 925 515 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,450 12,070 10,380 555 305 245
Netherlands 600 315 285 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 6,065 4,765 220 140 85
Switzerland 280 150 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,470 4,420 4,050 80 40 40
Hungary 330 165 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,160 2,465 2,700 80 35 40
Moldova183 570 270 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,055 4,165 4,890 105 50 50
Poland 1,375 540 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,215 11,115 14,100 200 100 100
Romania 1,725 935 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,250 16,190 16,060 155 75 80
Russian Federation 2,065 890 1,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,095 16,250 19,845 285 130 160
Ukraine 1,465 680 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,405 16,635 19,775 1,700 820 885
Ireland96 855 520 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,040 9,175 6,865 350 200 155
United Kingdom87 9,355 5,195 4,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 151,900 81,980 69,920 2,180 1,320 860
Bosnia and Herzegovina 280 145 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,030 2,915 3,115 115 55 60
Italy 315 170 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,895 5,055 3,840 45 30 15
Serbia86 360 180 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,745 4,470 4,280 125 80 45
Other locations of study in Europe 3,420 1,790 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 60,615 30,055 30,560 705 365 345
Africa 12,240 6,200 6,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 216,815 111,010 105,805 4,770 2,465 2,300
Nigeria 4,635 2,225 2,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,280 16,395 16,880 2,085 1,040 1,045
Algeria 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,230 17,020 16,210 10 10 0
Morocco 380 205 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,640 12,125 11,510 90 60 30
Tunisia 180 110 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 7,100 5,555 50 40 10
Egypt 1,610 825 785 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,255 15,145 15,115 385 195 190
South Africa, Republic of 1,315 665 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,060 9,900 9,160 1,035 545 495
Other locations of study in Africa 3,795 2,005 1,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,700 33,325 31,385 1,115 575 540
Asia 86,450 37,320 49,140 0 0 0 75 35 40 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 36,065 16,830 19,235
Iran88 2,105 980 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,630 30,180 36,450 545 270 280
Iraq 895 440 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,515 8,250 8,265 170 95 70
Israel 385 210 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,355 5,725 5,630 90 40 50
Lebanon 590 275 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,565 9,355 10,210 40 30 20
Syria89 730 375 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,405 7,885 8,520 140 85 60
Turkey 385 235 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,855 6,595 5,260 70 45 30
China90 10,965 4,890 6,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 201,100 87,370 113,720 3,445 1,580 1,865
Taiwan 565 140 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,520 4,750 9,770 75 25 50
Hong Kong91 790 310 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,325 7,445 10,875 85 40 45
Japan 995 270 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,605 5,280 13,325 145 55 90
Korea, South92 3,715 1,535 2,175 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,575 20,575 33,000 595 270 325
Philippines 28,045 11,105 16,945 0 0 0 30 10 20 305,795 115,370 190,420 15,730 6,870 8,860
Viet Nam 810 315 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,500 4,490 8,005 655 300 355
Bangladesh 1,360 510 845 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,000 11,360 13,645 1,510 765 745
Sri Lanka 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 7,090 7,995 145 70 75
India 23,485 11,025 12,455 0 0 0 40 20 20 405,850 199,380 206,475 9,290 4,660 4,630
Pakistan 6,015 2,670 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,155 35,055 40,100 2,595 1,310 1,285
Other locations of study in Asia 4,170 1,795 2,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,385 28,650 35,735 735 335 400
Oceania 2,815 1,510 1,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,960 24,495 23,460 780 430 355
Australia 2,225 1,200 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,525 19,270 19,250 645 365 280
New Zealand 480 255 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,785 4,300 3,485 125 60 60
Other locations of study in Oceania 105 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,655 930 730 15 0 10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 355 175 180 610 290 320 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 882,760 436,515 446,245
In the labour force 730,055 382,305 347,750 215 120 95 350 180 175 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 577,510 303,915 273,590
Employed 638,645 335,655 302,995 195 100 90 300 155 145 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 528,900 277,285 251,620
Unemployed 91,405 46,650 44,755 25 20 0 50 20 30 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 48,605 26,640 21,970
Not in the labour force 326,175 138,875 187,310 145 55 90 260 115 145 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 305,250 132,595 172,660
Participation rate 69.1 73.4 65.0 60.6 68.6 52.8 57.4 62.1 54.7 63.7 67.7 59.8 65.4 69.6 61.3
Employment rate 60.5 64.4 56.6 54.9 57.1 50.0 49.2 53.4 45.3 57.1 60.9 53.4 59.9 63.5 56.4
Unemployment rate 12.5 12.2 12.9 11.6 16.7 0.0 14.3 11.1 17.1 10.3 9.9 10.7 8.4 8.8 8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,056,230 521,180 535,055 360 175 180 610 290 320 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 882,760 436,515 446,245
Did not work186 350,820 153,180 197,640 140 55 85 300 130 175 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 312,775 138,210 174,575
Worked 705,410 367,995 337,415 215 120 95 305 165 145 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 569,980 298,310 271,675
Worked full year full time187 370,495 210,090 160,405 105 60 50 110 60 50 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 313,995 176,910 137,085
Worked part year and/or part time188 334,920 157,910 177,010 110 60 45 195 100 95 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 255,980 121,395 134,590
Average weeks worked in reference year 40.6 41.4 39.7 38.8 40.4 36.8 33.4 37.0 29.4 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.7 42.2 41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 730,050 382,305 347,745 215 120 95 350 175 170 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 577,505 303,920 273,590
Class of worker - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 10 10 0 20 0 15 486,865 237,950 248,915 14,000 7,290 6,715
All classes of workers191 704,840 370,120 334,720 205 110 95 325 170 155 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 563,505 296,630 266,870
Employee 596,075 303,490 292,590 180 95 95 280 130 150 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 469,850 237,200 232,650
Permanent position 498,865 258,105 240,765 150 85 70 230 105 125 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 383,850 196,385 187,470
Temporary position 97,210 45,385 51,825 30 10 20 55 20 30 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 86,000 40,815 45,180
Fixed term (1 year or more) 33,010 14,890 18,125 10 0 0 10 0 10 867,740 386,965 480,775 24,010 9,810 14,200
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 64,200 30,500 33,700 20 0 20 35 20 20 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 61,985 31,005 30,985
Self-employed192 108,770 66,635 42,130 25 25 0 50 40 10 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 93,655 59,430 34,225
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 730,050 382,305 347,745 215 120 95 350 175 170 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 577,505 303,920 273,590
Occupation - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 10 10 0 20 0 15 486,865 237,950 248,915 14,000 7,290 6,715
All occupations191 704,840 370,120 334,720 205 110 95 325 170 155 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 563,505 296,630 266,870
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 8,910 6,645 2,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 254,760 177,450 77,315 5,305 3,110 2,195
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 135,315 46,270 89,040 45 25 25 35 0 25 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 82,325 22,340 59,985
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 83,405 63,705 19,695 30 25 0 0 0 0 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 30,545 23,195 7,345
3 Health occupations 58,670 11,985 46,685 15 0 15 20 0 20 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 49,765 8,520 41,245
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 77,125 25,355 51,770 20 0 20 20 0 20 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 71,380 22,580 48,800
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 20,330 9,105 11,230 20 15 0 0 0 0 596,785 275,420 321,360 11,145 4,145 7,000
6 Sales and service occupations 175,295 80,580 94,715 30 10 20 125 60 65 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 133,655 57,805 75,855
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 115,655 103,615 12,040 45 35 0 90 75 15 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 105,470 96,690 8,780
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 10,185 8,205 1,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 541,235 416,960 124,270 54,755 42,350 12,405
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 19,960 14,655 5,300 0 0 0 25 10 15 857,540 612,415 245,120 19,165 15,900 3,265
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 730,050 382,305 347,745 215 120 95 350 175 170 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 577,505 303,920 273,590
Industry - not applicable190 25,210 12,180 13,025 10 10 0 20 0 15 486,865 237,950 248,915 14,000 7,290 6,715
All industries191 704,840 370,120 334,720 205 110 95 325 170 155 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 563,505 296,630 266,870
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,635 1,590 1,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 434,800 295,160 139,640 48,750 34,620 14,130
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 32,410 20,860 11,545 15 0 10 0 0 0 239,030 195,605 43,425 18,555 16,035 2,515
22 Utilities 8,485 5,525 2,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 147,750 109,475 38,270 5,855 4,320 1,530
23 Construction 58,805 49,750 9,055 10 10 0 25 15 0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 44,130 38,640 5,490
31-33 Manufacturing 33,130 24,105 9,030 15 10 0 25 15 10 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 26,200 20,290 5,910
41 Wholesale trade 22,295 15,400 6,895 10 10 0 10 0 0 610,295 406,960 203,335 19,815 14,675 5,135
44-45 Retail trade 80,115 38,770 41,340 20 0 20 35 15 20 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 61,480 30,005 31,475
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 46,840 34,225 12,610 15 0 0 60 50 0 981,030 742,515 238,515 24,225 19,320 4,910
51 Information and cultural industries 12,790 7,585 5,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 400,460 237,940 162,520 8,130 4,180 3,950
52 Finance and insurance 26,450 12,325 14,125 0 0 0 10 0 10 815,225 358,145 457,080 19,600 6,845 12,750
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 14,175 7,965 6,215 20 10 0 15 10 0 343,940 186,230 157,710 7,195 3,950 3,240
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 83,970 48,655 35,310 20 20 0 15 0 10 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 26,670 13,725 12,945
55 Management of companies and enterprises 2,240 995 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,455 21,495 23,955 785 350 440
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 31,495 17,855 13,640 0 0 0 15 10 0 792,600 457,880 334,725 17,545 10,140 7,405
61 Educational services 46,695 14,690 32,005 0 0 0 10 0 10 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 46,205 13,905 32,305
62 Health care and social assistance 90,910 18,065 72,845 25 0 25 25 0 25 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 80,465 14,190 66,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 14,470 7,345 7,125 20 15 0 10 0 0 350,710 180,205 170,500 10,150 5,090 5,060
72 Accommodation and food services 42,785 19,585 23,200 0 0 0 55 30 25 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 32,705 14,110 18,595
81 Other services (except public administration) 29,975 12,560 17,415 10 0 0 20 0 15 797,935 373,775 424,165 25,825 12,800 13,025
91 Public administration 24,185 12,265 11,920 15 10 10 0 0 0 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 39,210 19,420 19,795
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 764,085 398,215 365,870 230 125 105 380 195 180 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 615,785 321,390 294,395
English 720,920 377,180 343,730 230 125 105 350 185 165 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 597,140 312,770 284,370
French 1,020 295 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 1,205 335 865
Non-official language 6,605 3,350 3,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 169,205 89,515 79,685 2,200 1,100 1,100
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,935 3,590 3,345 250 130 125
Non-Indigenous 6,600 3,350 3,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 162,265 85,925 76,345 1,950 975 975
English and French 6,415 2,620 3,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 3,715 1,425 2,290
English and non-official language(s) 27,865 14,130 13,730 0 0 0 35 15 15 570,220 291,000 279,220 11,275 5,640 5,640
French and non-official language(s) 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 665 305 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,340 34,190 35,145 180 80 100
Multiple non-official languages 570 320 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,265 5,960 5,305 70 45 30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 764,085 398,215 365,870 230 125 105 380 195 180 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 615,785 321,390 294,395
Single responses 757,765 394,970 362,795 230 125 105 375 195 180 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 613,080 320,105 292,980
Official languages 745,365 388,565 356,810 230 125 105 370 195 175 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 608,585 317,760 290,825
English 743,325 387,970 355,360 230 125 105 370 195 175 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 606,550 317,230 289,325
French 2,040 595 1,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 2,035 530 1,500
Non-official languages 12,400 6,410 5,990 0 0 0 10 0 10 310,455 161,825 148,635 4,495 2,340 2,155
Indigenous languages39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,435 9,725 9,710 1,140 595 550
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 735 405 330
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 720 400 325
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 720 400 325
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 20 10 10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 105 60 45
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 75 50 30
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 520 275 245
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 15 10 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 340 355 15 10 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 15 10 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 370 175 200
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 370 175 200
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 370 175 200
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 25 10 10
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 10 10 10
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 10 10
Stoney 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 12,390 6,410 5,980 0 0 0 10 0 10 291,025 152,095 138,925 3,360 1,750 1,610
Afro-Asiatic languages 450 245 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,265 5,300 3,955 40 15 25
Berber languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 185 235 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 155 210 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 430 235 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,785 5,080 3,705 40 15 25
Amharic 35 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 95 120 0 0 0
Arabic 315 165 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,190 4,250 2,940 30 15 20
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 325 130 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 240 90 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 240 340 0 0 0
Tigrigna 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 800 305 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,770 4,135 5,635 360 175 185
Khmer (Cambodian) 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 215 285 0 0 0
Vietnamese 780 295 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,260 3,905 5,350 360 175 185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 535 275 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,760 2,180 2,580 220 90 130
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 20 10 10
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Ilocano 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 0 0 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 480 245 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,205 1,895 2,310 195 75 120
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 0 0 0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 185 210 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 170 205 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0 0 0
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 140 110 0 0 0
Tamil 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0 0 0
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 4,915 2,660 2,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,395 64,055 48,335 1,000 550 450
Albanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 170 140 0 0 0
Armenian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 295 235 0 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,085 4,390 5,695 95 60 35
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 15 75 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 35 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 40 0 0 0
Slavic languages 425 175 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,995 4,375 5,620 95 60 35
Bulgarian 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 55 90 0 0 0
Czech 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 60 15 0 0 0
Polish 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0 0 0
Russian 175 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,240 2,085 3,155 45 30 15
Serbo-Croatian 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 485 355 0 0 0
Bosnian 25 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 0 0 0
Serbian 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 245 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 620 650 55 30 25
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 95 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,250 8,060 6,190 225 145 85
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
High German languages 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,480 5,695 4,790 105 70 35
German 70 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,615 3,655 2,970 95 65 30
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 10 0 0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 520 530 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,540 2,245 1,290 120 70 45
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 0 0 0
Dutch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 515 440 0 0 0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 80 55 30
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 30 15 15
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 0 0 0
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Swedish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Greek 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 445 430 10 0 10
Indo-Iranian languages 3,090 1,860 1,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 55,455 32,965 22,490 455 250 205
Indo-Aryan languages 2,955 1,810 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,020 28,910 19,100 400 220 175
Bengali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 290 355 25 15 15
Gujarati 70 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 515 600 40 0 35
Hindi 110 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,235 1,145 1,090 35 30 0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Nepali 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 145 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 2,505 1,605 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,840 25,480 15,365 240 145 90
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 0 0 0
Urdu 225 95 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,725 1,265 1,465 55 25 30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Iranian languages 135 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,430 4,045 3,385 60 30 30
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 0 0 0
Pashto 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 0 0 0
Persian languages 125 50 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,110 3,825 3,285 60 30 30
Dari 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 445 360 10 10 0
Iranian Persian 90 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,715 2,980 2,735 50 25 30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 400 195 0 0 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 1,285 565 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,795 17,685 13,105 195 80 115
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Italian 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 730 900 0 0 0
Portuguese 75 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,970 4,070 2,895 15 0 15
Romanian 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 375 310 0 0 0
Spanish 1,150 475 670 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,455 12,465 8,990 175 80 95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Japanese 105 25 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0 0 0
Korean 775 435 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,345 7,125 7,225 75 50 30
Mongolian 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 210 200 20 10 10
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Lingala 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 95 55 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 10 0 10
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Sign languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 795 1,210 50 20 25
American Sign Language 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 620 970 45 20 25
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 110 180 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 10 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 4,560 2,355 2,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,375 64,180 64,190 1,565 820 740
Chinese languages 4,540 2,340 2,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,045 63,990 64,055 1,505 795 710
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 0 0 0
Mandarin 1,910 975 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,040 37,760 38,280 1,125 580 545
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 210 270 0 0 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 2,595 1,340 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,950 25,725 25,225 345 190 150
Chinese, n.o.s. 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 240 220 30 15 10
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 175 125 55 25 30
Burmese 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 10 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 50 25 20
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 50 25 20
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 310 450 0 0 0
Lao 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0
Thai 35 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Turkic languages 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 695 650 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 0 0 0
Turkish 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 660 615 0 0 0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 215 270 0 0 0
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 50 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 65 0 0 0
Hungarian 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 160 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Multiple responses 6,320 3,245 3,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 453,880 231,205 222,675 2,710 1,290 1,420
English and French 805 365 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 321,975 163,305 158,675 390 150 250
English and non-official language(s) 5,280 2,770 2,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 115,955 60,210 55,745 2,290 1,140 1,155
French and non-official language(s) 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0 0 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 75 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 130 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,100 1,165 20 0 15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 764,085 398,215 365,870 230 125 105 380 195 180 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 615,785 321,390 294,395
None 734,060 383,675 350,390 230 125 105 350 185 165 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 603,050 315,370 287,680
English 5,720 2,795 2,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 902,625 474,755 427,875 2,935 1,355 1,580
French 4,720 2,005 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 589,755 288,955 300,800 2,530 1,090 1,440
Non-official language 16,030 8,000 8,030 0 0 0 25 10 15 331,375 168,035 163,335 6,265 3,050 3,215
Indigenous39 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 7,740 10,450 2,130 895 1,235
Non-Indigenous 15,945 7,965 7,980 0 0 0 25 10 15 313,185 160,295 152,885 4,140 2,155 1,980
English and French 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 1,445 1,495 10 0 10
English and non-official language(s) 640 305 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,125 15,680 17,445 120 45 80
French and non-official language(s) 440 215 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,615 11,475 11,135 130 65 65
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 210 150 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 2,460 1,210 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,740 25,425 25,315 750 420 335
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 638,645 335,655 302,990 190 100 90 295 160 145 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 528,900 277,280 251,620
Worked at home 182,015 89,915 92,100 70 35 40 35 20 20 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 97,525 49,585 47,940
Worked outside Canada 2,460 1,800 660 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,335 40,295 18,035 755 515 235
No fixed workplace address 89,650 66,145 23,505 20 10 10 70 50 20 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 71,095 54,970 16,125
Usual place of work 364,515 177,790 186,730 100 55 45 185 80 100 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 359,530 172,210 187,320
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 364,520 177,790 186,730 100 55 45 185 80 105 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 359,530 172,215 187,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 332,545 158,240 174,305 100 55 45 160 70 85 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 245,520 112,700 132,815
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 22,900 13,305 9,595 0 0 0 10 10 0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 78,380 39,945 38,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 5,875 4,210 1,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 26,900 14,655 12,250
Commute to a different province or territory 3,200 2,035 1,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,060 60,210 37,850 8,735 4,920 3,815
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 454,170 243,935 210,235 120 70 55 255 135 120 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 430,625 227,180 203,440
Car, truck or van 378,085 208,085 169,995 110 65 45 215 120 95 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 389,035 208,585 180,445
Car, truck or van - as a driver 350,765 198,775 151,990 105 65 45 185 120 70 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 364,190 199,915 164,270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 27,315 9,310 18,005 0 0 0 25 0 25 844,155 343,100 501,050 24,850 8,670 16,180
Public transit 39,905 17,255 22,645 0 0 0 30 10 20 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7,935 3,030 4,905
Walked 19,195 8,805 10,390 10 0 0 0 0 0 672,815 296,610 376,205 22,105 9,315 12,795
Bicycle 3,955 2,970 985 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,615 92,195 46,415 3,045 1,980 1,070
Other method 13,035 6,820 6,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 285,820 144,225 141,595 8,505 4,280 4,225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 454,170 243,935 210,235 120 70 55 255 135 120 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 430,625 227,180 203,440
Less than 15 minutes 97,610 44,795 52,810 45 10 40 50 20 30 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 202,860 98,070 104,795
15 to 29 minutes 213,150 115,080 98,070 50 40 15 110 55 55 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 152,070 82,490 69,585
30 to 44 minutes 99,695 58,885 40,805 10 10 0 55 35 25 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 42,705 25,055 17,655
45 to 59 minutes 20,845 11,730 9,110 0 0 0 10 0 0 910,610 542,485 368,125 14,775 8,890 5,875
60 minutes and over 22,870 13,440 9,430 10 10 0 20 20 0 926,120 599,115 327,005 18,210 12,675 5,535
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 454,170 243,935 210,235 120 70 55 255 135 120 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 430,625 227,180 203,440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 28,655 20,330 8,325 0 0 0 35 10 20 938,820 701,960 236,865 25,595 18,700 6,890
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 79,585 49,005 30,585 20 15 0 25 15 10 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 74,470 47,500 26,975
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 116,785 61,460 55,320 30 20 10 45 30 15 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 132,035 70,585 61,450
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 86,045 42,180 43,860 25 10 15 40 30 10 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 94,680 40,390 54,285
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 67,250 30,565 36,680 30 10 20 55 30 25 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 46,065 19,245 26,815
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 75,850 40,390 35,455 10 10 0 60 15 45 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 57,780 30,760 27,015
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 285,180 146,410 138,775 105 50 55 195 105 90 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 266,595 136,825 129,775
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 20,385 10,340 10,050 10 10 5 10 5 5 897,205 456,120 441,085 15,535 7,860 7,680
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 264,795 136,070 128,725 95 45 55 180 95 85 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 251,060 128,965 122,095
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 205,680 105,675 100,005 85 40 45 145 80 65 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 192,900 99,195 93,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 15,120 7,690 7,430 10 5 5 5 5 0 682,190 346,420 335,770 11,720 5,965 5,760
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,850 3,820 4,030 5 0 5 5 5 0 467,685 234,475 233,215 7,000 3,445 3,555
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 7,275 3,870 3,400 5 5 0 5 0 5 214,500 111,950 102,550 4,720 2,515 2,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 190,560 97,990 92,580 75 35 40 135 75 60 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 181,180 93,235 87,950

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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