Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			48061097More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			Division No. 6, Census division (CDR)More information: Alberta [Census division] Remove			48062624More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	624	...	...	1,590,639	...	...	7,975	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	...	...	...	1,498,778	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	...	...	...	6.1	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	191	...	...	638,160	...	...	3,137	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	178	...	...	604,628	...	...	3,062	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	3,611.1	...	...	126.1	...	...	1,355.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	0.17	...	...	12,614.18	...	...	5.88	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	625	305	315	1,590,640	790,320	800,320	7,975	3,860	4,115
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	145	75	75	294,075	151,285	142,785	1,765	865	905
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	55	25	30	89,790	46,155	43,630	795	385	410
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	45	25	20	100,905	51,680	49,225	570	280	290
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	40	20	20	103,380	53,450	49,930	405	205	200
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	435	205	230	1,074,770	535,540	539,230	5,710	2,775	2,930
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	50	20	25	92,025	47,355	44,675	400	195	205
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	60	30	30	91,515	47,260	44,260	505	250	255
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	35	15	20	101,235	50,320	50,915	765	355	410
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	40	15	20	123,235	60,255	62,980	915	425	490
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	50	25	30	132,045	64,950	67,095	880	430	445
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	60	25	30	121,735	60,110	61,625	685	355	330
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	45	25	20	111,345	55,485	55,860	510	260	250
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	45	20	25	103,325	51,835	51,490	430	230	205
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	30	15	10	101,580	50,260	51,320	340	140	200
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	30	10	20	96,735	47,710	49,020	275	140	140
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	45	30	15	221,795	103,495	118,300	500	215	285
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	20	10	5	78,095	38,250	39,845	230	100	135
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	10	10	5	58,785	28,310	30,475	145	55	90
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	10	0	5	36,570	17,235	19,340	80	40	45
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	5	5	0	23,750	10,405	13,350	35	20	15
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	0	0	0	24,595	9,300	15,290	5	5	0
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	0	0	0	15,285	6,230	9,050	5	5	0
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	0	0	0	7,425	2,580	4,850	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	0	0	0	1,655	445	1,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	195	45	155	0	0	0	225	45	180	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	23.2	24.6	23.8	18.5	19.1	17.8	22.1	22.4	22.0
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	69.6	67.2	73.0	67.6	67.8	67.4	71.6	71.9	71.2
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	7.2	9.8	4.8	13.9	13.1	14.8	6.3	5.6	6.9
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1.5	1.2	1.9	0.1	0.1	0.0
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	33.6	34.4	33.0	38.9	38.3	39.6	32.8	32.6	33.0
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	33.6	34.8	33.2	38.4	38.0	39.2	32.8	33.2	32.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,060	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	180	...	...	351,925	...	...	1,360	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	0	...	...	39,065	...	...	355	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	0	...	...	57,180	...	...	255	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	0	...	...	21,855	...	...	5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	0	...	...	89,225	...	...	1,090	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	0	...	...	40,750	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	0	...	...	380	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	0	...	...	4,250	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,060	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	20	...	...	151,770	...	...	720	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	35	...	...	196,980	...	...	995	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	40	...	...	96,165	...	...	530	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	45	...	...	97,780	...	...	555	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	45	...	...	61,930	...	...	265	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	625	305	320	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	7,970	3,855	4,115
Average household size	2.6	...	...	3.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	480	235	245	1,296,570	639,035	657,530	6,210	2,990	3,215
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	275	135	140	773,480	387,015	386,465	3,980	1,990	1,985
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	235	115	120	657,160	328,650	328,510	3,280	1,640	1,640
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	40	20	15	116,320	58,365	57,960	695	350	345
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	30	10	15	87,265	43,935	43,330	580	290	285
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	0	0	0	4,035	2,145	1,890	10	5	0
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	5	5	0	23,185	11,490	11,690	100	50	50
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	0	0	0	1,835	790	1,045	10	5	5
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	210	100	110	523,090	252,020	271,065	2,235	1,000	1,230
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	175	85	90	364,145	197,890	166,255	1,630	810	820
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	10	5	5	29,375	12,665	16,710	150	65	90
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	15	5	5	79,920	30,945	48,970	335	100	235
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	10	0	5	49,640	10,520	39,125	105	25	85
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	150	...	...	438,900	...	...	2,265	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	40	...	...	204,395	...	...	995	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	45	...	...	94,815	...	...	525	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	40	...	...	97,660	...	...	560	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	25	...	...	42,025	...	...	190	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	2.0	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	155	...	...	438,900	...	...	2,265	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	130	...	...	377,050	...	...	1,955	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	110	...	...	318,890	...	...	1,610	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	90	...	...	190,345	...	...	1,060	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	30	...	...	128,545	...	...	545	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	15	...	...	58,160	...	...	350	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	5	...	...	19,165	...	...	115	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	10	...	...	38,995	...	...	235	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	25	...	...	61,850	...	...	305	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	25	...	...	47,785	...	...	245	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	5	...	...	14,065	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	625	305	320	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	7,970	3,855	4,115
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	515	250	265	1,308,650	651,540	657,110	6,790	3,320	3,475
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	265	130	135	754,090	377,085	377,010	3,920	1,955	1,955
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	20	0	20	61,855	14,065	47,790	305	65	245
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	235	120	115	492,710	260,395	232,315	2,570	1,300	1,270
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	185	95	85	396,580	208,580	188,000	2,150	1,095	1,050
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	45	20	25	96,130	51,815	44,315	420	200	215
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	105	55	50	263,280	130,670	132,615	1,180	535	645
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	20	15	10	151,765	71,605	80,165	715	320	395
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	30	20	10	40,060	17,085	22,975	190	70	115
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	55	20	30	71,460	41,975	29,480	275	145	130
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	180	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,065	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	105	...	...	375,185	...	...	2,020	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	95	...	...	328,515	...	...	1,765	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	80	...	...	182,665	...	...	1,065	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	20	...	...	145,845	...	...	705	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	10	...	...	46,670	...	...	250	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	20	...	...	20,165	...	...	85	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	0	...	...	4,730	...	...	10	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	15	...	...	22,485	...	...	85	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	15	...	...	30,295	...	...	140	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	720	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	485	235	250	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	6,205	2,990	3,215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	445	220	225	1,214,945	600,280	614,665	5,935	2,880	3,060
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	35,600	36,800	35,200	44,800	52,400	39,200	50,000	59,600	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	445	220	225	1,215,665	600,680	614,980	5,935	2,880	3,060
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	32,800	33,600	32,000	40,400	46,000	36,000	44,400	50,800	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	385	195	190	1,105,625	556,335	549,290	5,520	2,735	2,785
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	30,600	34,800	27,800	40,800	50,000	32,400	46,800	57,600	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	360	180	180	922,195	474,800	447,395	5,055	2,530	2,520
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	30,600	31,600	28,000	42,400	50,800	34,800	47,600	57,600	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	405	195	205	1,061,305	515,795	545,510	5,190	2,450	2,740
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	8,100	5,440	10,800	7,600	5,600	9,100	5,760	2,620	7,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	65	30	35	136,975	64,415	72,555	835	350	480
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,320	6,600	6,320	5,800	5,760	5,880	6,200	5,960	6,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	190	85	100	384,535	184,820	199,710	2,000	930	1,070
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	10,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	540	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	6,280	3,055	3,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	515	250	260	1,214,380	599,940	614,440	6,020	2,945	3,075
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	38,200	42,000	34,400	65,500	78,400	52,850	59,600	70,500	49,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	515	250	260	1,215,100	600,300	614,800	6,020	2,945	3,075
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	34,200	36,800	31,400	53,050	61,750	44,560	49,880	57,800	42,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	455	225	230	1,105,945	556,435	549,510	5,630	2,855	2,775
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	32,600	38,400	27,200	62,300	76,300	48,160	55,500	66,400	44,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	435	210	220	922,200	475,075	447,125	5,170	2,650	2,520
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	32,400	37,200	27,600	60,800	73,200	47,640	55,450	65,500	44,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	470	225	240	1,060,140	515,090	545,050	5,255	2,480	2,775
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	10,080	8,500	11,600	10,020	8,930	11,050	8,820	7,190	10,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	80	30	50	136,685	64,550	72,135	855	325	530
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,400	8,500	7,000	7,070	6,620	7,480	8,180	6,380	9,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	210	105	105	383,100	184,610	198,485	2,115	1,010	1,105
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	8,200	8,800	7,700	9,270	9,160	9,380	8,830	8,640	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	535	260	275	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	6,285	3,060	3,220
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	150	85	65	432,255	245,295	186,965	2,635	1,435	1,200
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	38,000	33,200	53,200	73,000	80,000	65,000	69,500	79,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	48,000	45,000	52,000	94,000	107,000	76,900	77,300	86,300	66,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	210	95	115	374,345	173,060	201,290	1,965	1,000	960
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	16,200	14,400	18,400	20,400	23,400	18,400	26,000	31,400	20,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	21,800	24,000	20,000	33,960	40,480	28,360	34,760	42,200	27,050
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	76.0	82.0	69.0	86.6	90.2	81.4	87.0	91.4	81.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	71.0	75.0	67.0	70.6	74.0	65.6	80.0	83.6	75.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	24.0	18.0	31.2	13.4	9.8	18.5	12.9	8.6	18.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	3.0	2.0	4.0	1.2	0.9	1.7	2.0	1.0	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	9.8	9.2	10.6	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.7	4.5	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	8.6	8.4	8.8	4.5	3.6	5.7	5.2	4.2	6.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	480	235	245	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	6,200	2,990	3,215
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	40	15	25	63,430	30,900	32,525	265	110	150
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	445	220	225	1,214,950	600,280	614,670	5,940	2,880	3,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	35	15	20	107,500	44,415	63,085	460	170	285
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	45	15	25	115,465	47,780	67,690	440	175	270
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	95	50	45	178,230	78,800	99,430	675	280	400
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	75	35	40	142,910	61,170	81,740	690	265	430
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	60	25	35	122,655	55,960	66,690	710	305	400
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	50	20	30	101,530	48,280	53,245	610	260	350
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	35	15	15	85,080	42,725	42,355	545	270	275
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	25	15	5	68,705	36,885	31,825	410	225	185
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	20	10	10	53,900	30,515	23,385	315	190	125
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	5	0	0	45,345	25,570	19,775	280	165	115
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	5	5	0	193,625	128,165	65,460	805	575	230
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	5	5	0	113,250	69,295	43,955	580	405	180
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	0	0	0	80,375	58,870	21,505	220	175	50
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	480	235	245	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	6,200	2,990	3,215
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	40	15	25	62,710	30,505	32,210	265	110	150
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	445	220	225	1,215,660	600,680	614,985	5,940	2,880	3,060
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	35	15	20	112,205	46,185	66,020	475	175	300
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	45	20	25	120,545	50,115	70,430	445	180	270
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	105	60	45	201,940	89,680	112,255	815	335	485
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	85	35	50	166,565	73,405	93,160	865	360	505
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	70	30	40	143,135	67,430	75,705	855	365	495
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	55	25	25	114,565	57,190	57,380	715	360	360
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	20	15	5	87,375	47,045	40,330	530	290	235
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	20	10	10	65,115	36,810	28,305	410	245	165
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	0	0	0	51,690	28,935	22,760	265	170	100
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	0	0	0	35,160	21,215	13,945	190	125	60
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	5	5	0	117,360	82,665	34,700	375	290	90
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	0	0	0	48,950	32,240	16,710	195	140	50
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	0	0	0	68,410	50,430	17,985	180	145	40
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	480	235	245	1,278,375	631,180	647,190	6,200	2,990	3,215
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	120	55	65	356,175	156,380	199,795	1,155	460	695
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	360	175	180	922,200	474,800	447,395	5,050	2,535	2,520
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	35	15	20	116,020	54,130	61,895	470	175	295
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	30	15	20	73,350	31,190	42,165	345	140	200
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	65	35	25	101,970	44,705	57,260	495	200	295
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	45	15	30	78,390	35,640	42,745	405	165	235
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	50	15	30	73,695	34,455	39,235	425	180	240
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	40	25	15	71,335	34,515	36,815	495	230	265
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	30	10	15	67,050	32,805	34,245	480	220	260
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	30	15	15	60,120	30,900	29,220	435	230	205
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	15	5	10	49,420	27,665	21,750	300	165	130
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	10	10	0	40,555	23,400	17,160	255	155	100
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	5	0	0	37,010	20,630	16,375	240	140	105
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	5	5	0	153,280	104,755	48,525	705	515	190
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	0	0	0	61,175	36,970	24,210	375	260	115
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	5	5	0	92,100	67,780	24,320	335	260	70
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	485	235	250	1,278,370	631,180	647,195	6,205	2,990	3,215
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	430	215	220	1,186,950	585,375	601,575	5,785	2,800	2,985
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	33,600	38,400	32,800	44,400	53,200	37,600	49,600	59,600	41,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	430	215	220	1,187,385	585,475	601,910	5,790	2,800	2,990
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	32,800	35,200	30,600	40,000	46,400	34,400	43,600	51,200	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	375	185	180	1,090,850	548,795	542,060	5,465	2,705	2,760
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	32,800	40,000	28,200	43,600	52,800	35,600	48,400	59,200	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	350	175	175	923,490	475,205	448,285	5,025	2,520	2,505
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	32,800	39,200	29,000	44,800	53,600	37,600	48,800	59,200	40,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	380	175	200	1,003,255	489,055	514,200	4,940	2,310	2,625
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	1,880	1,170	3,320	1,190	960	3,040	1,030	890	2,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	60	30	30	85,480	38,765	46,720	600	245	355
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	6,800	7,200	6,080	6,450	5,680	7,200	6,040	4,680	7,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	540	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	6,280	3,055	3,220
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	480	230	250	1,186,410	585,100	601,310	5,855	2,890	2,965
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	35,600	40,400	30,800	65,500	80,000	51,400	58,900	70,600	47,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	480	230	250	1,186,820	585,185	601,635	5,855	2,890	2,965
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	31,600	35,200	28,000	52,650	62,600	43,000	48,800	57,050	40,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	410	205	200	1,091,545	549,110	542,435	5,565	2,805	2,760
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	35,800	42,800	29,000	65,600	80,800	50,200	57,950	70,200	45,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	390	190	195	923,490	475,385	448,110	5,160	2,630	2,525
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	35,600	42,000	29,200	64,100	77,600	49,760	57,400	68,100	46,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	445	210	235	1,003,375	489,190	514,180	4,935	2,310	2,620
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	5,360	3,040	7,450	6,130	5,076	7,130	4,512	3,136	5,725
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	45	0	30	84,820	38,275	46,545	550	190	365
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	7,200	...	8,500	8,200	7,120	9,080	7,720	6,080	8,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	535	260	275	1,278,370	631,155	647,215	6,285	3,060	3,220
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	145	85	65	428,265	243,165	185,105	2,630	1,410	1,220
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	39,600	39,600	38,800	70,500	78,500	62,000	66,500	74,000	57,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	45,000	44,000	48,000	92,000	105,800	74,000	75,300	86,000	63,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	170	75	100	353,070	163,500	189,570	1,920	990	930
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	23,000	27,600	19,000	28,800	33,200	25,600	31,600	39,600	26,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	25,200	31,000	20,800	43,720	53,050	35,720	41,400	49,800	32,300
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	86.0	94.0	77.0	92.0	94.6	88.2	93.6	96.4	89.4
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	81.0	86.0	75.0	76.2	78.8	72.2	85.8	87.8	83.2
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	14.0	6.8	22.8	7.9	5.3	11.9	6.5	3.6	10.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.9	x	3.2	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.2	0.6	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,060	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	86,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	20	...	...	151,765	...	...	720	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	56,400	...	...	50,400	...	...	59,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	48,800	...	...	44,000	...	...	50,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	160	...	...	452,860	...	...	2,345	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	104,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	131,600	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	91,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	0	...	...	151,830	...	...	705	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	...	...	...	67,800	...	...	68,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	x	...	...	55,250	...	...	57,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	175	...	...	452,795	...	...	2,390	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	152,800	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	94,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,060	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	0	...	...	6,730	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	0	...	...	3,245	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	0	...	...	4,475	...	...	10	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	0	...	...	6,245	...	...	35	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	0	...	...	16,055	...	...	35	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	0	...	...	16,860	...	...	45	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	5	...	...	14,380	...	...	65	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	0	...	...	16,415	...	...	70	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	5	...	...	17,790	...	...	90	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	5	...	...	17,750	...	...	100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	15	...	...	36,405	...	...	195	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	15	...	...	37,740	...	...	205	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	25	...	...	37,230	...	...	215	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	10	...	...	35,705	...	...	190	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	10	...	...	34,355	...	...	195	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	85	...	...	303,255	...	...	1,585	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	40	...	...	74,975	...	...	485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	20	...	...	58,215	...	...	330	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	20	...	...	76,310	...	...	460	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	10	...	...	93,755	...	...	310	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	175	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,060	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	0	...	...	7,625	...	...	20	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	0	...	...	3,380	...	...	5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	0	...	...	4,615	...	...	15	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	0	...	...	6,745	...	...	30	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	0	...	...	17,335	...	...	40	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	0	...	...	19,015	...	...	65	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	0	...	...	16,770	...	...	80	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	0	...	...	19,345	...	...	95	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	10	...	...	21,320	...	...	110	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	10	...	...	21,155	...	...	135	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	20	...	...	44,695	...	...	230	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	15	...	...	45,520	...	...	265	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	20	...	...	44,095	...	...	245	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	15	...	...	42,705	...	...	235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	20	...	...	38,715	...	...	265	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	60	...	...	251,600	...	...	1,225	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	30	...	...	78,970	...	...	460	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	10	...	...	56,565	...	...	340	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	20	...	...	116,060	...	...	420	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	145	...	...	431,155	...	...	2,245	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	20	...	...	151,045	...	...	715	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	70,500	...	...	107,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	92,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	100	...	...	209,715	...	...	1,175	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	144,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	123,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.3	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	15	...	...	56,700	...	...	290	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	x	...	...	75,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	68,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	3.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	75	35	40	223,225	113,580	109,645	990	460	530
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	36,000	37,200	35,200	44,400	46,000	43,200	55,600	59,600	51,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	32,000	34,000	31,800	40,000	40,800	38,800	47,200	49,600	45,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	150	...	...	431,010	...	...	2,265	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	102,000	...	...	153,400	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	92,000	...	...	123,800	...	...	108,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	15	...	...	151,205	...	...	710	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	120,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	124,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	90,000	...	...	113,400	...	...	102,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	115	...	...	209,670	...	...	1,235	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	104,000	...	...	180,800	...	...	143,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	94,000	...	...	144,600	...	...	120,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	25	...	...	56,445	...	...	275	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	85,000	...	...	90,200	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	80,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	95	50	50	223,320	113,715	109,605	1,030	485	535
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	41,000	48,000	35,000	60,050	61,950	58,050	62,500	68,800	57,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	36,000	40,000	31,000	49,640	50,640	48,560	52,200	56,400	48,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	625	305	315	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	7,970	3,855	4,115
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	175	80	95	349,785	179,925	169,860	2,005	975	1,035
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	65	30	30	109,785	56,290	53,495	920	440	485
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	410	195	210	1,013,015	502,890	510,125	5,465	2,665	2,800
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	45	30	15	209,135	99,390	109,740	500	215	280
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	60	30	30	134,160	64,550	69,610	520	230	295
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	25	10	10	35,370	18,260	17,110	165	75	90
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	10	5	5	11,490	5,880	5,610	80	35	40
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	25	15	15	78,110	37,880	40,225	305	135	170
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	5	5	5	20,680	8,400	12,270	50	20	35
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	9.6	10.0	9.5	8.5	8.3	8.8	6.5	5.9	7.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	15.0	14.0	14.0	10.1	10.2	10.1	8.1	7.4	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	18.0	20.0	16.0	10.5	10.5	10.5	8.4	8.0	8.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	7.2	8.0	7.0	7.7	7.5	7.9	5.6	5.1	6.0
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	16.0	16.0	x	9.9	8.5	11.2	10.8	10.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	625	305	320	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	7,970	3,855	4,115
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	170	85	90	349,790	179,930	169,855	2,005	975	1,030
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	65	35	35	109,785	56,290	53,500	920	435	480
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	405	195	210	1,013,015	502,890	510,130	5,465	2,665	2,800
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	45	25	20	209,130	99,390	109,740	495	215	285
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	40	20	15	81,680	42,310	39,370	315	150	170
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	10	0	5	18,085	9,305	8,780	95	45	55
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	0	0	0	5,625	2,890	2,730	45	20	20
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	25	15	15	57,155	29,990	27,170	200	100	100
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	5	5	0	6,440	3,015	3,420	20	10	15
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	6.0	6.0	6.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.0	3.9	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	3.0	x	4.0	5.2	5.2	5.2	4.7	4.4	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	x	x	x	5.1	5.1	5.1	4.8	4.4	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	6.8	8.0	6.0	5.6	6.0	5.3	3.7	3.8	3.7
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	x	x	x	3.1	3.0	3.1	4.4	3.0	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	625	305	315	1,571,935	782,210	789,725	7,970	3,855	4,115
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	395	190	205	673,690	328,825	344,865	3,395	1,570	1,825
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	65	30	35	124,250	62,485	61,770	480	220	255
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	80	35	50	132,700	62,320	70,380	540	235	305
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	95	50	45	133,855	64,900	68,960	655	295	365
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	105	50	55	138,980	68,120	70,855	860	410	450
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	50	25	30	143,905	71,000	72,900	860	410	450
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	230	115	115	898,245	453,385	444,865	4,575	2,280	2,290
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	85	50	40	150,845	75,135	75,710	875	420	455
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	60	25	35	155,985	78,075	77,910	950	470	480
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	55	25	30	164,975	82,995	81,980	1,055	525	535
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	25	15	10	181,315	91,520	89,795	895	455	445
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	0	0	0	245,130	125,660	119,470	795	415	375
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	625	...	...	1,571,935	...	...	7,970	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.236	...	...	0.374	...	...	0.283	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.358	...	...	0.467	...	...	0.358	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.211	...	...	0.326	...	...	0.252	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	2.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	7,975	3,855	4,120
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	550	265	285	1,440,365	723,615	716,745	7,360	3,585	3,770
French only	825	350	480	15	10	5	980	425	555	10	5	5
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	15	5	10	103,090	47,140	55,945	470	220	250
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	40	20	20	34,235	13,810	20,420	135	50	85
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	7,975	3,855	4,120
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	565	275	290	1,517,390	757,800	759,590	7,650	3,710	3,935
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	20	10	10	20,675	10,250	10,425	130	70	65
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	0	0	0	7,260	3,590	3,675	65	35	30
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	40	15	20	33,340	13,355	19,985	130	45	85
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	7,975	3,855	4,120
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	550	260	285	1,505,615	749,475	756,135	7,510	3,630	3,880
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	245	110	135	1,090,565	550,685	539,875	5,095	2,480	2,615
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	230	105	130	1,070,475	540,715	529,760	4,970	2,420	2,550
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	10	10	5	20,090	9,970	10,115	120	60	60
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	305	155	150	415,050	198,790	216,260	2,420	1,150	1,270
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	0	0	0	645	270	380	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	0	0	0	445	180	265	0	0	0
Blackfoot	175	80	90	0	0	0	180	90	90	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	0	0	0	50	20	35	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	0	0	0	130	55	80	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	0	0	0	50	15	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Stoney	60	20	40	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	305	155	150	414,405	198,525	215,885	2,420	1,150	1,270
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	15	10	5	35,495	18,255	17,240	80	45	40
Berber languages	125	70	55	0	0	0	135	75	65	0	0	0
Kabyle	90	45	45	0	0	0	100	50	50	0	0	0
Tamazight	30	20	10	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hausa	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Coptic	30	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	3,200	1,600	1,600	10	5	5
Bilen	170	85	85	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Oromo	1,370	685	685	0	0	0	1,395	700	700	0	0	0
Somali	1,600	795	805	0	0	0	1,615	800	815	5	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	0	0	0	25	20	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	10	10	5	32,085	16,545	15,535	75	40	40
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	5	0	0	4,515	2,170	2,345	5	0	5
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	5	0	5	21,355	11,215	10,145	60	30	30
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	0	0	0	660	325	340	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	0	0	0	350	175	170	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	0	0	0	95	40	55	0	0	0
Harari	40	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	455	225	230	0	0	0	480	240	240	10	0	5
Maltese	15	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	0	5	5	4,965	2,545	2,420	5	5	5
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	0	0	0	14,785	6,645	8,140	15	5	15
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	0	0	0	870	400	465	0	0	0
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	0	0	0	13,810	6,185	7,625	15	5	15
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	50	25	30	55,755	24,650	31,110	585	280	305
Bikol	195	85	110	0	0	0	235	105	130	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	0	0	0	970	415	555	15	10	5
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	0	0	0	2,010	900	1,115	35	15	20
Fijian	45	25	20	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	0	0	0	1,070	460	610	0	0	0
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	0	0	0	3,610	1,630	1,980	20	5	10
Indonesian	665	270	395	0	0	0	700	280	420	5	0	0
Kankanaey	190	80	110	0	0	0	195	80	115	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	0	0	0	90	40	50	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Merina	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Malay	135	65	70	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	0	0	0	510	240	265	5	0	0
Pangasinan	195	95	100	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	45	20	25	45,300	20,005	25,290	505	240	265
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	0	0	0	465	195	270	0	0	0
Creole languages	560	275	285	0	5	0	605	300	310	10	5	10
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Krio	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Morisyen	95	50	50	0	0	0	105	50	55	10	5	5
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	0	0	0	6,750	3,470	3,280	50	20	30
Kannada	355	180	175	0	0	0	355	180	180	0	0	0
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	0	0	0	2,805	1,410	1,390	20	10	10
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	0	0	0	2,215	1,160	1,060	20	10	15
Telugu	1,255	660	595	0	0	0	1,295	685	610	10	0	5
Tulu	50	25	30	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	120	70	55	0	0	0	120	70	55	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	220	110	105	203,750	100,055	103,695	1,310	635	680
Albanian	1,330	695	630	0	0	0	1,375	725	650	5	0	5
Armenian	260	135	125	0	0	0	275	135	140	5	5	5
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	0	0	0	30,225	13,960	16,270	330	150	180
Baltic languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	490	225	260	10	5	10
Latvian	170	75	95	0	0	0	185	80	100	0	0	0
Lithuanian	270	130	140	0	0	0	305	145	160	15	5	10
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	0	0	0	29,740	13,735	16,005	320	150	175
Belarusian	20	5	15	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bulgarian	785	395	390	0	0	0	820	410	405	0	0	0
Czech	1,190	545	650	0	0	0	1,405	645	760	0	0	0
Macedonian	135	70	70	0	0	0	160	80	75	0	0	0
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	0	0	0	7,595	3,540	4,050	75	30	40
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	0	0	0	10,165	4,510	5,660	170	80	90
Rusyn	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	0	0	0	4,905	2,385	2,520	40	20	15
Bosnian	780	380	405	0	0	0	895	435	460	5	0	5
Croatian	1,755	830	925	0	0	0	2,000	960	1,045	20	10	10
Serbian	1,830	900	925	0	0	0	1,935	950	980	10	5	5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	0	0	0	75	40	35	0	0	0
Slovak	940	465	475	0	0	0	1,085	545	545	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	0	0	0	225	95	130	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	0	0	0	3,340	1,500	1,840	35	20	20
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	100	55	45	0	0	0	125	65	55	0	0	0
Irish	30	20	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Welsh	40	25	20	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	5	5	5	17,580	8,490	9,090	65	40	30
Frisian	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	25	20	0	0	0
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	0	0	0	10,660	5,055	5,600	45	25	20
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	0	0	0	10,230	4,840	5,390	40	25	20
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0
Swiss German	210	105	100	0	0	0	365	190	180	0	0	0
Yiddish	55	25	30	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	0	0	0	5,565	2,755	2,810	20	10	5
Afrikaans	905	445	455	0	0	0	1,230	595	640	5	5	5
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	0	0	0	3,870	1,930	1,935	10	10	5
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	45	30	20	0	0	0
Low Saxon	10	5	0	0	0	0	20	15	5	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	0	0	0	295	135	165	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	0	0	0	1,290	635	650	10	5	5
Danish	560	295	265	0	0	0	765	395	370	5	0	0
Icelandic	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	165	70	95	0	0	0	210	90	115	5	0	0
Swedish	235	110	125	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Greek	1,385	640	745	0	0	0	1,520	710	805	5	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	185	95	95	106,625	53,665	52,955	340	175	160
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	180	90	90	93,240	46,930	46,305	285	150	140
Assamese	45	20	25	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	0	0	0	4,455	2,230	2,230	15	5	5
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	0	0	0	6,565	3,380	3,180	75	45	35
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	15	10	10	8,495	4,290	4,205	35	20	15
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	0	0	0	1,080	475	605	0	0	0
Kashmiri	75	40	35	10	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Konkani	160	75	85	0	0	0	175	85	90	0	0	0
Marathi	980	495	480	0	0	0	995	500	495	5	5	5
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	10	5	5	2,265	1,175	1,095	10	5	5
Oriya languages	95	50	40	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Odia	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	140	70	70	49,105	24,690	24,420	65	40	30
Rohingya	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Sindhi	285	150	135	0	0	0	305	160	145	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	0	0	0	1,030	505	525	15	10	10
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	0	0	0	17,875	8,975	8,905	50	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	0	0	0	645	340	305	0	0	0
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	10	5	5	13,350	6,720	6,630	50	20	25
Baluchi	50	30	15	0	0	0	50	30	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	0	0	0	1,100	540	565	0	0	0
Parsi	20	10	15	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	0	0	0	2,020	1,035	990	0	0	0
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	10	5	5	10,100	5,080	5,020	45	20	20
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	0	0	0	3,045	1,520	1,525	15	5	10
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	0	0	0	5,705	2,875	2,830	20	10	10
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	0	0	0	1,345	685	660	10	5	5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	25	15	10	45,970	22,265	23,700	560	255	300
Catalan	45	15	25	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	0	0	0	4,625	2,335	2,285	10	5	0
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	0	0	0	4,540	2,160	2,375	40	15	25
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	0	0	0	4,585	2,265	2,315	100	50	50
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	20	15	10	32,170	15,475	16,695	410	185	225
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	0	0	0	2,395	800	1,595	5	0	0
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	0	0	0	10,745	4,940	5,800	60	30	30
Mongolian	450	200	245	0	0	0	465	210	255	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	0	0	0	6,430	3,245	3,185	80	40	40
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	0	0	0	705	360	340	10	5	5
Bamanankan	10	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Edo	90	45	40	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Éwé	50	30	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Ga	35	20	20	0	0	0	35	20	20	5	5	5
Ganda	60	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	55	25	30	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Igbo	730	380	355	0	0	0	775	400	375	10	0	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	0	0	0	200	95	100	0	0	0
Lingala	55	30	20	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Mwani	115	55	60	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Ndebele	85	40	45	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Shona	290	130	155	0	0	0	340	155	185	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Swahili	725	355	380	0	0	0	790	385	410	5	0	5
Wojenaka	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	80	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	0	0	0	1,845	970	875	30	15	15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	0	0	0	765	375	395	5	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Dinka	535	295	240	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Nuer	375	165	215	0	0	0	385	170	215	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	0	0	0	315	160	160	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0	0	0	60	30	25	0	0	0
Sign languages	230	115	110	0	0	0	275	145	130	0	0	0
American Sign Language	185	100	85	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	10	5	5	68,720	31,925	36,790	160	70	85
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	10	5	5	67,430	31,300	36,130	160	70	85
Hakka	280	135	150	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	0	0	0	31,950	14,765	17,190	100	45	60
Min Dong	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	0	0	0	1,235	520	710	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	0	0	0	260	125	130	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	5	5	5	32,755	15,315	17,435	50	25	25
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	0	0	0	865	390	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	0	0	0	1,245	600	640	0	0	0
Burmese	255	120	135	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	220	110	115	0	0	0	220	110	115	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	0	0	0	170	85	85	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	0	0	0	55	20	30	0	0	0
Tibetan	635	320	325	0	0	0	635	320	325	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	0	0	0	1,240	435	800	5	0	5
Lao	415	195	215	0	0	0	460	220	245	5	0	0
Thai	620	175	445	0	0	0	740	205	535	5	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	0	0	0	1,955	1,050	900	10	10	5
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	0	0	0	245	135	110	0	0	0
Kazakh	55	20	35	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Turkish	1,340	730	610	0	0	0	1,405	770	635	5	5	5
Uyghur	65	30	35	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Uzbek	95	45	45	0	0	0	105	60	50	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	0	0	0	3,550	1,640	1,910	15	5	10
Estonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Finnish	240	85	155	0	0	0	305	105	200	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	0	0	0	3,155	1,490	1,665	15	5	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0	0	0	70	40	35	0	0	0
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	75	40	30	73,050	35,515	37,535	465	225	235
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	5	5	0	6,360	3,080	3,285	25	15	10
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	65	35	30	58,650	28,715	29,930	390	190	200
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	0	0	0	1,230	605	630	5	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	0	0	0	1,130	525	605	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	5	0	0	5,680	2,595	3,085	40	20	20
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	7,975	3,855	4,120
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	225	100	125	1,104,225	556,180	548,045	5,015	2,425	2,590
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	15	10	5	4,775	2,390	2,390	40	20	20
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	155	75	75	127,600	60,835	66,760	680	315	365
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	150	75	75	127,540	60,810	66,730	680	315	365
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	0	0	0	14,755	6,925	7,835	85	50	35
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	210	115	100	306,635	148,985	157,650	2,040	985	1,055
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	0	0	0	570	255	315	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	0	0	0	7,715	3,605	4,105	55	30	25
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	15	5	10	12,395	5,820	6,575	55	30	25
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,990	793,675	7,975	3,855	4,120
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	540	260	280	1,503,115	748,130	754,985	7,465	3,605	3,860
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	285	130	155	1,243,700	622,455	621,250	5,905	2,855	3,050
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	270	120	150	1,236,475	618,890	617,585	5,845	2,825	3,025
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	15	10	5	7,230	3,560	3,665	60	25	30
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	255	125	125	259,415	125,675	133,740	1,560	755	805
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	0	0	0	115	50	65	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Blackfoot	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	250	125	125	259,295	125,620	133,675	1,560	755	805
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	15	10	5	22,515	11,260	11,260	40	15	25
Berber languages	45	30	15	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Kabyle	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tamazight	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Hausa	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	0	0	0	2,145	1,040	1,105	0	0	0
Bilen	130	65	70	0	0	0	130	65	70	0	0	0
Oromo	995	495	495	0	0	0	1,005	505	505	0	0	0
Somali	1,010	470	535	0	0	0	1,010	470	535	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	15	10	5	20,280	10,165	10,115	40	15	25
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	0	0	0	2,840	1,335	1,500	0	0	0
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	0	0	0	12,825	6,490	6,335	30	10	15
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	0	0	0	510	250	265	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	0	0	0	265	130	135	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Harari	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	115	115	0	0	0	245	125	125	5	0	5
Maltese	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	5	5	5	3,805	1,940	1,865	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	0	0	0	9,940	4,535	5,405	5	0	5
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	0	0	0	465	205	260	0	0	0
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	0	0	0	9,395	4,280	5,110	5	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	40	15	20	35,275	16,595	18,675	370	175	190
Bikol	75	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	0	0	0	505	240	265	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	0	0	0	1,190	580	605	15	5	5
Fijian	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	0	0	0	580	280	295	15	5	10
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	0	0	0	2,225	1,035	1,185	0	0	0
Indonesian	225	115	110	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Kankanaey	110	50	55	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Malay	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	0	0	0	255	130	130	0	0	0
Pangasinan	50	25	20	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	35	15	20	29,630	13,885	15,750	340	165	175
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	0	0	0	205	100	110	0	0	0
Creole languages	325	155	170	0	0	0	340	160	180	10	5	5
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	0	0	0	115	60	60	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	40	0	0	0	70	35	40	10	0	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	0	0	0	4,410	2,205	2,205	45	20	20
Kannada	190	90	95	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	0	0	0	1,900	940	960	25	10	10
Tamil	1,395	710	680	0	0	0	1,495	760	730	20	10	10
Telugu	760	375	380	0	0	0	785	390	395	0	0	0
Tulu	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	75	40	30	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	175	85	90	122,940	60,715	62,220	885	430	455
Albanian	610	325	290	0	0	0	625	330	295	0	0	0
Armenian	140	65	75	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	0	0	0	14,005	6,710	7,295	240	115	120
Baltic languages	195	95	95	0	0	0	215	110	105	5	5	5
Latvian	70	40	35	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Lithuanian	120	60	60	0	0	0	135	70	70	5	5	5
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	0	0	0	13,790	6,605	7,190	230	115	120
Belarusian	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	360	175	185	0	0	0	380	180	195	5	0	5
Czech	345	160	185	0	0	0	410	190	220	0	0	0
Macedonian	70	35	35	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	0	0	0	3,015	1,450	1,560	50	25	30
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	0	0	0	6,450	3,065	3,385	145	75	70
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	0	0	0	2,020	980	1,035	15	5	10
Bosnian	315	155	160	0	0	0	370	180	185	0	0	0
Croatian	650	300	350	0	0	0	715	335	375	10	0	5
Serbian	895	440	450	0	0	0	925	460	465	5	5	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Slovak	350	165	180	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Ukrainian	905	435	470	0	0	0	980	470	515	15	10	10
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	10	15	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Welsh	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	0	0	0	3,010	1,440	1,570	15	5	10
Frisian	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
High German languages	665	320	345	0	0	0	1,705	825	880	0	0	0
German	640	305	335	0	0	0	1,630	785	845	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	0	0	0	1,120	530	590	15	10	10
Afrikaans	435	215	225	0	0	0	635	305	330	10	5	5
Dutch	275	125	150	0	0	0	455	210	245	0	5	5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0	0	0	165	75	90	0	0	0
Danish	40	20	20	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Norwegian	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Swedish	70	30	40	0	0	0	80	30	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Greek	430	185	245	0	0	0	480	215	265	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	150	75	80	79,180	39,590	39,590	240	120	120
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	150	70	75	70,335	35,225	35,110	210	105	100
Assamese	20	10	15	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	0	0	0	2,975	1,455	1,520	20	10	10
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	0	0	0	4,225	2,175	2,045	55	30	30
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	10	5	5	5,510	2,770	2,740	25	10	10
Kacchi	565	235	325	0	0	0	580	245	340	0	0	0
Kashmiri	50	25	30	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Konkani	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Marathi	565	285	280	0	0	0	575	285	285	5	0	0
Nepali	1,565	805	765	5	0	0	1,590	815	775	10	5	5
Oriya languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	125	60	65	40,675	20,425	20,245	40	20	20
Rohingya	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sindhi	165	85	75	0	0	0	170	90	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	0	0	0	555	270	285	5	5	5
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	0	0	0	12,930	6,420	6,510	40	20	25
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	0	0	0	355	175	185	0	0	0
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	0	0	0	8,825	4,360	4,475	30	15	15
Baluchi	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Kurdish	735	355	380	0	0	0	750	360	395	0	0	0
Parsi	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	1,215	625	595	0	0	0	1,250	635	615	0	0	0
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	0	0	0	6,765	3,325	3,435	25	15	15
Dari	1,710	830	880	0	0	0	1,880	905	970	5	0	5
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	0	0	0	3,970	1,965	2,015	10	5	5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	0	0	0	910	460	455	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	20	10	10	25,440	12,340	13,100	390	185	205
Catalan	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Italian	945	425	520	0	0	0	1,000	450	550	10	5	5
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	0	0	0	2,410	1,180	1,230	15	5	5
Romanian	1,980	980	995	0	0	0	2,175	1,085	1,085	55	25	25
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	20	10	10	19,825	9,605	10,215	305	145	160
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Japanese	1,075	455	615	0	0	0	1,160	495	665	0	0	0
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	0	0	0	8,130	3,835	4,295	45	20	25
Mongolian	305	135	170	0	0	0	305	135	170	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	30	15	15
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	0	0	0	335	160	170	5	0	0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Éwé	10	5	10	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Ga	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Ganda	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	195	100	100	0	0	0	200	100	100	10	5	5
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Lingala	35	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Shona	85	35	50	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Soninke	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Swahili	275	125	145	0	0	0	295	140	155	0	0	0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	50	25	20	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Yoruba	615	290	325	0	0	0	660	315	345	10	5	5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	0	0	0	720	360	360	0	0	0
Dinka	325	185	145	0	0	0	340	190	150	0	0	0
Nuer	255	110	145	0	0	0	260	115	145	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	0	0	0	120	60	65	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	380	210	165	0	0	0	450	260	190	0	0	0
American Sign Language	295	160	135	0	0	0	355	205	150	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	15	5	5	47,945	22,570	25,375	110	55	55
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	15	5	5	47,025	22,110	24,915	110	55	55
Hakka	80	30	50	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	0	0	0	23,970	11,440	12,530	80	40	35
Min Dong	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	0	0	0	465	185	280	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	0	0	0	155	75	80	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	10	5	5	21,815	10,130	11,685	30	15	15
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	0	0	0	500	225	275	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	0	0	0	915	460	455	0	0	0
Burmese	160	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages	165	80	85	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	0	0	0	125	65	60	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Tibetan	485	250	235	0	0	0	485	250	235	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	0	0	0	500	230	270	0	0	0
Lao	175	80	95	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Thai	240	110	125	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	0	0	0	1,185	600	580	5	0	0
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Kazakh	15	10	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Turkish	910	470	440	0	0	0	935	480	455	0	0	0
Uyghur	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	15	25	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	0	0	0	1,205	575	625	5	0	0
Estonian	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Finnish	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	0	0	0	1,135	540	590	5	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	85	45	35	75,555	36,865	38,685	510	250	260
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	0	0	0	2,955	1,435	1,520	25	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	80	45	35	69,995	34,230	35,770	460	225	235
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0	0	0	260	115	140	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	0	0	0	710	320	385	10	5	5
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	0	0	0	1,630	760	875	10	0	5
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	625	305	320	1,578,665	784,995	793,670	7,975	3,860	4,120
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	465	225	245	1,298,665	649,700	648,965	6,160	2,970	3,190
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	70	35	30	104,745	51,660	53,085	715	350	370
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	0	0	0	11,450	5,290	6,160	55	30	25
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	60	35	25	127,610	60,685	66,920	805	385	415
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	0	0	0	635	285	350	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	60	35	25	126,970	60,410	66,565	800	385	420
English and French	1,235	595	640	0	0	0	1,340	640	705	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	20	10	15	16,885	8,395	8,490	125	65	60
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	0	0	0	3,660	1,690	1,970	25	15	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	0	0	0	215	120	95	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	10	0	5	14,095	6,810	7,285	85	40	45
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	8,125	3,970	4,155
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	630	305	335	1,537,720	768,345	769,380	8,000	3,930	4,070
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	630	305	335	1,536,650	767,865	768,785	8,000	3,925	4,070
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	20	20	0	103,915	47,090	56,830	455	210	245
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	520	250	270	562,910	270,945	291,960	3,250	1,585	1,665
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	0	0	0	1,740	685	1,050	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	0	0	0	1,155	440	720	0	0	0
Blackfoot	460	180	275	0	0	0	470	190	280	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	0	0	0	605	245	360	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	0	0	0	260	80	185	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	0	0	0	270	115	155	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	0	0	0	125	40	85	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	0	0	0	235	95	135	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	0	0	0	225	90	135	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	20	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	0	0	0	170	70	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	0	0	0	35	10	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Salish languages	20	20	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	0	0	0	230	115	115	0	0	0
Assiniboine	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dakota	20	20	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Stoney	170	90	80	0	0	0	175	90	90	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	520	250	270	561,340	270,320	291,010	3,250	1,585	1,665
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	20	20	0	54,595	28,250	26,345	210	90	120
Berber languages	275	175	95	0	0	0	300	185	110	0	0	0
Kabyle	165	90	70	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Tamazight	80	60	20	0	0	0	80	60	20	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	0	0	0	30	30	10	0	0	0
Chadic languages	350	215	135	0	0	0	365	225	145	0	0	0
Hausa	340	210	135	0	0	0	360	220	145	0	0	0
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	85	35	45	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	0	0	0	4,720	2,480	2,245	30	15	15
Bilen	235	130	105	0	0	0	235	130	105	0	0	0
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	0	0	0	2,115	1,125	990	0	0	0
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	0	0	0	2,430	1,265	1,170	15	10	10
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	20	20	0	50,645	26,150	24,495	200	85	110
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	0	0	0	8,465	4,170	4,295	45	15	30
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	0	0	0	35,250	18,505	16,750	110	45	65
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	0	0	0	850	490	360	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	0	0	0	365	215	145	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	0	0	0	380	215	165	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Harari	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	0	0	0	2,110	1,085	1,025	10	10	0
Maltese	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	0	0	0	7,675	3,920	3,755	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	0	0	0	125	90	40	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	0	0	0	20,885	9,635	11,250	10	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	0	0	0	1,270	610	655	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	0	0	0	19,415	8,900	10,515	10	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	0	0	0	280	160	120	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	95	40	55	76,815	33,930	42,890	780	380	400
Bikol	505	265	240	0	0	0	635	325	305	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	0	0	0	1,175	510	660	20	15	10
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	0	0	0	3,705	1,700	2,000	50	20	30
Fijian	90	50	40	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	0	0	0	1,455	620	835	0	0	0
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	0	0	0	6,615	2,860	3,755	55	30	25
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	0	0	0	1,290	595	695	0	0	0
Kankanaey	250	105	145	0	0	0	250	105	145	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Malay	780	350	430	0	0	0	810	370	445	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	0	0	0	1,200	520	675	0	0	0
Pangasinan	460	235	225	0	0	0	550	285	260	10	10	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	95	40	55	72,900	32,140	40,755	770	370	400
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	0	0	0	460	225	235	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	0	0	0	1,975	875	1,100	15	10	10
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	0	0	0	2,105	1,065	1,035	15	10	0
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	0	0	0	625	330	300	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	0	0	0	160	70	90	0	0	0
Krio	125	60	60	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Morisyen	355	170	185	0	0	0	360	175	185	15	10	0
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	0	0	0	480	275	205	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	0	0	0	535	260	280	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	0	0	0	10,600	5,455	5,140	60	25	35
Kannada	1,075	550	530	0	0	0	1,100	560	540	0	0	0
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	0	0	0	3,955	2,035	1,920	0	0	0
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	0	0	0	4,435	2,275	2,160	35	10	30
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	0	0	0	2,440	1,295	1,145	10	10	0
Tulu	70	35	35	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Georgian	220	120	100	0	0	0	220	120	100	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	370	170	205	286,570	140,880	145,685	1,640	830	810
Albanian	1,825	990	840	0	0	0	1,865	1,015	855	20	15	0
Armenian	460	265	195	0	0	0	465	265	200	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	0	0	0	37,905	17,730	20,175	490	240	240
Baltic languages	485	220	270	0	0	0	540	245	295	30	0	20
Latvian	155	65	90	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Lithuanian	330	155	175	0	0	0	370	170	205	30	0	20
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	0	0	0	37,610	17,610	20,005	470	240	230
Belarusian	85	30	50	0	0	0	100	35	65	0	0	0
Bulgarian	985	445	540	0	0	0	1,020	460	560	0	0	0
Czech	1,940	970	970	0	0	0	2,215	1,125	1,090	0	0	0
Macedonian	290	135	150	0	0	0	335	160	175	0	0	0
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	0	0	0	9,380	4,430	4,950	105	60	45
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	0	0	0	15,410	7,245	8,165	300	155	140
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	0	0	0	6,725	3,165	3,560	40	15	20
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	0	0	0	1,790	855	935	10	0	0
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	0	0	0	3,390	1,585	1,805	10	0	10
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	0	0	0	3,095	1,465	1,630	25	15	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Slovak	1,295	590	700	0	0	0	1,530	715	820	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	0	0	0	335	130	205	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	0	0	0	4,845	2,125	2,720	100	55	45
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	435	245	190	0	0	0	495	275	220	0	0	0
Irish	205	125	85	0	0	0	235	135	100	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Welsh	135	80	60	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	0	0	0	27,795	13,485	14,310	80	45	40
Frisian	55	20	35	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	0	0	0	18,325	8,925	9,400	60	40	25
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	0	0	0	17,910	8,715	9,200	60	40	25
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	0	0	0	615	280	330	0	0	0
Yiddish	110	65	40	0	0	0	120	75	45	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	0	0	0	8,180	4,120	4,060	15	0	10
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	0	0	0	2,455	1,270	1,190	10	0	10
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	0	0	0	5,235	2,625	2,610	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0	0	0	90	60	35	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	0	0	0	380	165	215	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	0	0	0	155	85	75	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	0	0	0	2,390	1,100	1,290	0	0	0
Danish	940	480	460	0	0	0	1,245	635	615	0	0	0
Icelandic	50	15	35	0	0	0	60	15	40	0	0	0
Norwegian	380	165	215	0	0	0	470	185	285	0	0	0
Swedish	630	275	355	0	0	0	715	315	395	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	0	0	0	2,370	1,185	1,180	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	335	155	185	143,590	72,720	70,870	415	205	210
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	335	155	185	128,685	65,260	63,425	360	170	190
Assamese	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	0	0	0	6,180	3,115	3,065	20	0	15
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	0	0	0	11,255	5,745	5,515	95	50	40
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	95	40	55	45,340	22,980	22,370	155	75	85
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	0	0	0	2,325	1,035	1,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	190	95	95	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Konkani	425	200	230	0	0	0	460	215	250	0	0	0
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	0	0	0	2,295	1,185	1,110	0	0	0
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	0	0	0	3,010	1,565	1,450	0	0	0
Oriya languages	105	45	55	0	0	0	105	45	55	0	0	0
Odia	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0	85	40	50	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	310	145	165	68,525	34,920	33,610	30	15	10
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	0	0	0	685	385	300	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	0	0	0	1,450	700	750	30	20	15
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	25	15	15	31,710	16,195	15,515	40	20	20
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	0	0	0	1,400	750	650	0	0	0
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	0	0	0	17,245	8,665	8,570	65	35	30
Baluchi	65	35	30	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	0	0	0	1,425	720	705	0	0	0
Parsi	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	0	0	0	2,985	1,510	1,475	0	0	0
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	0	0	0	13,270	6,700	6,570	50	30	30
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	0	0	0	4,765	2,320	2,440	50	30	20
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	0	0	0	6,985	3,590	3,390	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	0	0	0	1,715	895	820	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	0	0	0	160	75	80	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	25	10	20	80,155	38,210	41,945	685	350	335
Catalan	100	45	60	0	0	0	110	45	65	0	0	0
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	0	0	0	9,805	4,810	4,985	40	20	15
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	0	0	0	6,925	3,405	3,515	30	15	15
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	0	0	0	5,990	3,045	2,950	100	60	40
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	25	10	20	60,770	28,640	32,125	530	260	265
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	0	0	0	145	90	50	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	0	0	0	170	80	90	0	0	0
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	0	0	0	5,255	2,315	2,945	0	0	0
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	0	0	0	12,375	5,785	6,590	50	20	25
Mongolian	640	300	335	0	0	0	645	300	345	35	15	20
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	0	0	0	18,385	9,360	9,025	265	130	135
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	0	0	0	1,400	720	680	20	10	10
Bamanankan	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Edo	310	165	145	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Éwé	100	45	55	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	0	0	0	190	120	70	0	0	0
Ga	275	140	140	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Ganda	110	60	45	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Gikuyu	155	70	85	0	0	0	180	85	95	0	0	0
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	0	0	0	3,040	1,595	1,450	50	35	15
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	0	0	0	300	140	155	0	0	0
Lingala	395	185	210	0	0	0	405	190	215	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	0	0	0	75	25	50	0	0	0
Mòoré	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Mwani	255	140	110	0	0	0	270	150	120	0	0	0
Ndebele	125	65	65	0	0	0	175	90	80	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	0	0	0	165	90	75	0	0	0
Shona	580	270	310	0	0	0	670	325	345	0	0	0
Soninke	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	0	0	0	3,435	1,805	1,630	15	10	10
Wojenaka	35	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Wolof	230	130	100	0	0	0	250	145	105	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	0	0	0	6,365	3,135	3,225	145	70	75
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	0	0	0	2,555	1,280	1,275	30	10	15
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	0	0	0	1,895	965	935	0	0	0
Dinka	815	435	380	0	0	0	860	455	405	0	0	0
Nuer	440	200	240	0	0	0	440	200	240	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	0	0	0	610	315	295	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	0	0	0	2,210	785	1,430	0	0	0
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	0	0	0	1,875	645	1,230	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	0	0	0	395	185	215	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	0	0	0	82,875	39,220	43,660	200	85	115
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	0	0	0	81,080	38,330	42,750	200	85	115
Hakka	390	160	235	0	0	0	405	170	235	0	0	0
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	0	0	0	46,460	21,635	24,825	165	70	95
Min Dong	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	0	0	0	2,385	1,045	1,340	10	0	10
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	0	0	0	340	140	195	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	0	0	0	42,910	20,105	22,800	60	30	30
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	0	0	0	880	420	460	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	0	0	0	1,820	895	925	0	0	0
Burmese	495	245	250	0	0	0	520	255	265	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Karenic languages	365	180	190	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	0	0	0	295	145	150	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Tibetan	765	395	370	0	0	0	765	395	370	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	0	0	0	165	70	90	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	0	0	0	1,900	780	1,120	0	0	0
Lao	595	300	295	0	0	0	685	350	330	0	0	0
Thai	1,160	445	710	0	0	0	1,355	505	850	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	0	0	0	3,545	1,855	1,695	20	10	10
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	0	0	0	550	285	270	0	0	0
Kazakh	170	75	95	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	0	0	0	2,625	1,470	1,155	0	0	0
Uyghur	110	30	80	0	0	0	110	30	80	0	0	0
Uzbek	180	80	100	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	0	0	0	130	65	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	0	0	0	4,400	2,050	2,350	25	15	15
Estonian	125	55	70	0	0	0	165	70	95	0	0	0
Finnish	360	170	190	0	0	0	435	210	230	0	0	0
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	0	0	0	3,810	1,780	2,030	25	15	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	0	0	0	525	295	235	15	10	10
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	8,130	3,975	4,150
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	35	15	20	53,700	25,250	28,450	260	110	150
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	35	15	20	51,520	24,220	27,300	240	105	135
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	20	15	10	22,470	10,235	12,230	110	45	70
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	0	0	0	28,475	13,685	14,790	125	60	70
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	0	0	0	575	290	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	0	0	0	1,130	525	610	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	0	0	0	1,050	505	540	10	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	670	315	355	1,518,235	757,015	761,220	7,870	3,865	4,005
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	8,130	3,975	4,150
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	20	15	10	17,145	7,900	9,240	75	25	45
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	685	320	365	1,554,790	774,360	780,425	8,050	3,945	4,105
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	120	...	...	431,680	...	...	2,320	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	75	...	...	172,945	...	...	770	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	0	...	...	138,505	...	...	1,295	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	185	...	...	466,125	...	...	1,800	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	0	...	...	3,180	...	...	10	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	0	...	...	63,480	...	...	265	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	40	...	...	132,670	...	...	1,005	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	115	...	...	208,570	...	...	1,200	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	30	...	...	196,735	...	...	615	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	75	...	...	168,320	...	...	1,305	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	35	...	...	92,700	...	...	520	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	45	...	...	85,005	...	...	385	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	25	...	...	74,790	...	...	270	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	0	...	...	183,815	...	...	610	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	5.0	...	...	6.3	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	160	...	...	587,240	...	...	3,015	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	35	...	...	17,390	...	...	80	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	145	...	...	576,220	...	...	2,985	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	50	...	...	28,410	...	...	110	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	10	...	...	48,925	...	...	0	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	0	...	...	146,775	...	...	0	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	120	...	...	67,920	...	...	0	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	50	...	...	93,515	...	...	0	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	20	...	...	63,060	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	0	...	...	64,550	...	...	20	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	0	...	...	62,005	...	...	945	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	0	...	...	57,870	...	...	2,115	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	175	...	...	578,295	...	...	3,080	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	20	...	...	26,340	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	60	...	...	286,505	...	...	1,325	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	110	...	...	282,890	...	...	1,620	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	20	...	...	35,230	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,090	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	0	...	...	15,275	...	...	120	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	20	...	...	95,360	...	...	860	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	65	...	...	132,875	...	...	910	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	60	...	...	121,200	...	...	545	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	30	...	...	114,325	...	...	395	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	10	...	...	78,705	...	...	210	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	0	...	...	34,680	...	...	45	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	0	...	...	12,200	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	195	...	...	599,605	...	...	3,095	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	155	...	...	466,085	...	...	2,395	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	35	...	...	133,520	...	...	700	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	35	...	...	119,800	...	...	665	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	190	...	...	604,630	...	...	3,095	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	80	...	...	174,520	...	...	810	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	25	...	...	121,340	...	...	690	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	35	...	...	22,225	...	...	105	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	0	...	...	17,480	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	10	...	...	4,610	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	0	...	...	7,285	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	10	...	...	1,295	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0	...	...	280	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	115	...	...	430,110	...	...	2,285	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	195	...	...	585,885	...	...	3,060	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	0	...	...	55,440	...	...	200	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	175	...	...	530,445	...	...	2,860	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	125	...	...	429,490	...	...	2,320	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	80.0	...	...	65.7	...	...	88.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	21.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,600	...	...	1,740	...	...	2,020	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,500	...	...	1,792	...	...	2,038	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	452,000	...	...	420,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	340,000	...	...	529,500	...	...	436,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	70	...	...	172,840	...	...	775	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.5	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	35.7	...	...	34.5	...	...	25.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.2	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,380	...	...	1,350	...	...	1,360	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,414	...	...	1,440	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	700	330	375	1,571,935	782,270	789,670	8,125	3,975	4,155
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	0	0	0	17,860	8,295	9,570	75	25	50
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	0	0	0	17,385	8,070	9,315	70	20	50
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	0	0	0	11,610	5,320	6,285	60	20	40
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	0	0	0	5,625	2,660	2,960	15	0	15
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	0	0	0	155	85	65	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	0	0	0	480	225	255	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	0	0	0	460	210	250	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0	0	0	20	20	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	0	0	0	47,230	22,330	24,905	190	85	110
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	0	0	0	45,875	21,725	24,145	180	85	95
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	0	0	0	25,470	12,020	13,445	100	45	60
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	0	0	0	19,960	9,480	10,475	75	40	40
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	0	0	0	450	230	225	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	0	0	0	1,355	600	760	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	0	0	0	1,230	550	680	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	0	0	0	60	20	35	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	30	25	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	680	320	365	1,506,840	751,645	755,195	7,860	3,865	3,995
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	705	330	375	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	8,125	3,975	4,155
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	455	230	230	1,397,315	698,330	698,985	7,060	3,445	3,615
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	140	70	75	325,765	167,940	157,820	1,920	925	995
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	310	160	150	1,071,555	530,390	541,165	5,140	2,520	2,620
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	250	100	145	174,615	83,940	90,680	1,065	530	540
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	705	330	375	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	8,125	3,975	4,155
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	280	145	135	1,069,940	539,680	530,260	4,985	2,450	2,535
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	360	170	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	3,055	1,480	1,575
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	0	0	0	56,750	27,435	29,320	120	55	65
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	10	0	10	44,975	21,950	23,020	60	35	30
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	30	15	15	67,220	32,280	34,935	305	145	160
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	95	45	55	127,170	61,140	66,030	975	475	500
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	225	105	120	177,465	84,835	92,630	1,590	770	825
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	120	55	65	89,810	43,015	46,795	960	470	490
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	105	50	55	87,650	41,815	45,835	625	295	335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	60	20	45	28,410	14,945	13,470	90	50	40
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	360	170	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	3,055	1,480	1,575
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	25	10	15	41,205	20,985	20,220	260	145	115
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	50	25	25	79,795	41,370	38,425	515	260	255
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	70	25	40	82,830	37,905	44,930	490	190	295
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	170	80	90	223,080	105,885	117,190	1,570	790	775
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	55	25	25	46,670	21,495	25,170	225	95	135
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	360	170	195	473,580	227,640	245,935	3,055	1,480	1,575
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	45	30	10	50,280	23,315	26,970	480	220	255
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	0	0	0	2,205	965	1,245	10	0	0
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	0	0	0	6,240	2,860	3,380	150	65	80
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	0	0	0	2,755	1,300	1,455	10	10	0
Guyana	740	340	400	0	0	0	810	375	430	0	0	0
Haiti	510	295	220	0	0	0	565	320	250	0	0	0
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	0	0	0	3,605	1,735	1,870	35	10	20
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	0	0	0	5,740	2,810	2,930	60	30	30
Peru	1,070	470	595	0	0	0	1,140	515	625	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	0	0	0	1,470	720	750	0	0	0
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	0	0	0	13,395	5,940	7,455	40	15	25
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	0	0	0	12,355	5,775	6,585	165	80	85
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	10	0	10	83,855	41,815	42,040	625	325	300
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	0	0	0	2,225	1,075	1,145	20	10	10
Croatia	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	1,510	705	800	0	0	0
France	1,265	645	620	0	0	0	1,455	735	720	0	0	0
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	0	0	0	6,175	2,815	3,355	20	10	10
Greece	865	455	415	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Hungary	1,550	740	815	0	0	0	1,780	865	915	15	10	10
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	0	0	0	3,430	1,805	1,625	15	15	0
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	0	0	0	3,730	1,920	1,805	0	0	0
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	0	0	0	6,520	3,025	3,495	75	50	30
Portugal	990	505	485	0	0	0	1,180	610	575	0	0	0
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	0	0	0	4,435	2,225	2,210	80	50	25
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	0	0	0	4,540	1,930	2,610	75	35	35
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	0	0	0	1,060	505	560	10	10	0
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	0	0	0	3,355	1,510	1,845	80	45	40
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	0	0	0	27,675	14,575	13,095	120	50	70
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	0	0	0	13,840	7,005	6,835	110	45	65
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	15	15	0	55,355	27,975	27,385	500	225	270
Algeria	630	310	315	0	0	0	650	320	330	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	0	0	0	905	445	455	0	0	0
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	0	0	0	3,500	1,840	1,665	20	10	15
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	0	0	0	4,785	2,505	2,280	0	0	0
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	0	0	0	7,180	3,485	3,700	35	20	20
Morocco	870	445	425	0	0	0	950	485	460	0	0	0
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	0	0	0	13,365	6,835	6,530	230	100	135
Somalia	1,580	775	805	0	0	0	1,595	780	815	15	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	0	0	0	4,010	2,070	1,940	15	0	10
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	0	0	0	18,410	9,205	9,210	175	85	95
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	300	130	165	279,930	132,545	147,390	1,435	685	745
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	0	0	0	4,275	2,115	2,160	25	10	15
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	0	0	0	5,720	2,990	2,730	0	0	0
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	0	0	0	4,070	2,070	2,000	30	15	15
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	0	0	0	4,455	2,410	2,050	10	10	0
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	0	0	0	4,455	2,320	2,130	0	0	0
Turkey	1,085	540	545	0	0	0	1,105	545	555	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	0	0	0	36,925	16,915	20,015	110	60	55
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	0	0	0	10,965	5,240	5,725	15	0	10
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,645	35	10	30
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	0	0	0	2,210	935	1,270	10	0	10
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	70	35	35	71,315	31,605	39,715	755	365	395
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	0	0	0	16,350	7,325	9,030	15	0	10
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	0	0	0	3,630	1,845	1,785	25	0	20
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	180	70	105	61,580	30,730	30,850	165	90	70
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	20	15	10	19,425	9,810	9,615	55	25	25
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	0	0	0	2,035	1,005	1,025	45	20	20
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	20	10	10	22,735	10,640	12,090	135	75	55
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	0	0	0	4,150	2,000	2,150	15	15	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	100	45	55	87,650	41,815	45,830	625	295	335
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	0	0	0	8,535	3,935	4,595	115	60	50
Brazil	840	355	490	0	0	0	915	390	525	10	0	10
Colombia	615	245	370	0	0	0	670	265	410	35	25	15
Haiti	105	55	45	0	0	0	110	60	45	0	0	0
Jamaica	475	215	255	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Mexico	1,265	645	615	0	0	0	1,470	760	715	0	0	0
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	0	0	0	2,490	1,160	1,330	15	10	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	0	0	0	915	400	515	45	25	25
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	0	0	0	1,415	645	770	0	0	0
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	0	0	0	7,510	3,815	3,695	85	30	50
France	200	95	105	0	0	0	245	115	130	0	0	0
Germany	225	105	120	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	0	0	0	495	320	170	0	0	0
Italy	260	160	105	0	0	0	290	175	115	0	0	0
Russian Federation	635	235	405	0	0	0	690	245	445	10	0	0
Ukraine	680	295	385	0	0	0	760	340	425	30	15	15
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	0	0	0	1,820	1,000	825	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	0	0	0	2,930	1,485	1,445	35	10	20
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	0	0	0	15,820	7,845	7,980	135	60	75
Algeria	60	15	50	0	0	0	60	15	50	0	0	0
Burundi	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Cameroon	380	170	210	0	0	0	430	190	235	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	0	0	0	55	30	20	0	0	0
Egypt	595	300	300	0	0	0	615	300	310	0	0	0
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	0	0	0	2,545	1,340	1,205	0	0	0
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	0	0	0	1,855	885	965	20	15	0
Morocco	210	95	110	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	0	0	0	6,175	3,045	3,130	85	35	50
Somalia	310	140	170	0	0	0	310	140	170	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	0	0	0	830	440	385	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	0	0	0	460	220	235	0	0	0
Tunisia	95	65	30	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	0	0	0	1,965	970	1,000	30	10	15
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	75	30	50	55,100	25,850	29,250	285	130	155
Afghanistan	845	405	435	0	0	0	865	415	455	0	0	0
Bangladesh	630	310	320	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	0	0	0	5,625	2,440	3,180	30	20	15
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	0	0	0	315	120	195	0	0	0
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	50	20	35	14,870	7,455	7,420	25	20	10
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	0	0	0	870	415	450	0	0	0
Iraq	945	440	505	0	0	0	955	450	510	0	0	0
Israel	340	185	150	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Japan	170	25	140	0	0	0	170	25	150	0	0	0
Jordan	165	90	70	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	0	0	0	1,825	780	1,050	15	0	10
Lebanon	425	215	210	0	0	0	455	220	235	0	0	0
Nepal	460	235	230	0	0	0	550	280	265	0	0	0
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	0	0	0	2,395	1,145	1,245	0	0	0
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	0	0	0	17,470	7,940	9,535	185	85	100
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	0	0	0	270	160	105	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	0	0	0	185	100	85	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	0	0	0	3,135	1,645	1,490	0	0	0
Turkey	405	175	225	0	0	0	405	175	225	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	0	0	0	370	205	170	0	0	0
Viet Nam	955	310	640	0	0	0	980	320	660	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	0	0	0	2,240	955	1,290	10	0	10
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	0	0	0	690	375	310	15	15	0
Australia	435	230	205	0	0	0	480	255	230	10	10	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	0	0	0	205	125	85	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	8,130	3,970	4,150
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	425	190	235	518,345	251,010	267,335	3,200	1,580	1,620
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	165	90	70	329,675	166,505	163,165	1,715	825	890
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	120	55	65	723,920	364,750	359,170	3,205	1,565	1,640
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	365	170	195	416,830	200,210	216,615	2,940	1,420	1,515
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	150	70	85	235,880	118,150	117,730	2,025	1,020	1,000
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	45	25	15	95,815	58,035	37,780	780	435	345
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	110	40	70	140,065	60,120	79,950	1,240	590	655
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	160	70	90	117,720	48,395	69,330	520	195	335
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	45	30	20	58,995	31,595	27,395	330	180	150
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	0	0	0	4,230	2,070	2,165	60	30	30
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	365	170	195	416,830	200,210	216,615	2,940	1,420	1,515
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	20	10	10	14,765	8,620	6,145	185	115	75
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	30	15	15	53,180	23,440	29,750	485	195	290
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	10	0	0	10,665	5,460	5,205	70	40	30
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	0	0	0	23,590	12,265	11,320	125	65	60
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	0	0	0	1,565	670	895	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	305	135	165	313,060	149,760	163,300	2,065	1,005	1,065
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,665	8,130	3,975	4,150
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	550	265	290	575,650	282,735	292,910	3,505	1,660	1,840
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	350	150	195	154,385	78,430	75,955	390	195	195
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	0	0	0	93,975	45,570	48,410	270	100	165
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	60	40	20	76,470	38,665	37,800	855	395	465
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	90	40	55	92,235	42,365	49,880	1,015	500	520
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	0	0	0	32,660	17,235	15,425	125	70	50
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	0	0	0	35,155	16,925	18,235	480	230	250
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	0	0	0	28,720	13,405	15,310	110	30	75
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	0	0	0	15,765	8,040	7,720	120	65	50
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	0	0	0	13,150	6,285	6,865	60	30	30
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	0	0	0	6,455	2,780	3,675	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	0	0	0	5,845	2,855	2,985	15	10	10
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	0	0	0	20,840	10,195	10,645	65	40	25
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	150	65	85	996,285	499,530	496,755	4,625	2,315	2,310
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	705	330	375	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	8,125	3,975	4,155
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	65	35	30	168,075	87,325	80,750	730	380	360
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	40	20	25	276,300	136,835	139,465	1,040	495	550
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	25	20	10	202,260	98,040	104,225	860	345	520
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	30	15	20	235,385	115,820	119,575	905	390	510
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	0	0	0	104,160	50,935	53,225	425	230	195
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	25	20	0	197,770	97,860	99,910	815	400	410
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	25	15	10	99,705	48,045	51,650	260	120	140
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	0	0	0	44,840	22,330	22,510	180	110	70
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	140	55	80	77,900	39,545	38,355	200	100	100
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	15	0	10	89,615	43,675	45,940	435	245	195
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	0	0	0	53,665	26,510	27,155	265	120	145
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	25	10	15	53,675	25,885	27,790	285	115	175
Québécois	1,580	785	795	0	0	0	1,965	990	970	15	0	10
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	0	0	0	53,825	27,135	26,690	170	80	95
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	80	35	45	86,850	40,140	46,710	890	440	455
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	0	0	0	11,575	5,740	5,835	30	20	15
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	20	10	0	26,685	13,810	12,875	210	120	95
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	0	0	0	15,785	7,425	8,360	75	30	40
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	0	0	0	27,350	12,945	14,410	105	50	55
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	0	0	0	28,815	14,565	14,250	225	95	135
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	0	0	0	36,090	16,840	19,255	215	110	105
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	0	0	0	44,865	21,320	23,545	110	55	55
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	0	0	0	27,905	13,365	14,540	130	75	60
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	0	0	0	8,110	4,060	4,045	55	30	20
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	0	0	0	23,975	11,565	12,415	120	75	45
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	0	0	0	19,620	9,075	10,545	130	40	90
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	0	0	0	28,290	13,540	14,750	80	45	35
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	0	0	0	20,785	10,045	10,740	120	55	60
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	0	0	0	3,780	1,900	1,885	10	0	10
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	0	0	0	24,175	12,270	11,905	20	10	10
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	0	0	0	15,105	7,435	7,670	220	95	125
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	0	0	0	7,450	3,730	3,715	25	20	10
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	195	85	110	20,085	10,145	9,940	15	10	10
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	0	0	0	22,750	10,685	12,065	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	0	0	0	11,200	5,995	5,205	55	40	20
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	0	0	0	6,530	3,370	3,160	30	20	10
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	0	0	0	6,875	3,435	3,435	65	35	30
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	0	0	0	15,680	7,485	8,200	135	75	60
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	0	0	0	7,710	3,385	4,325	35	25	0
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	0	0	0	13,215	6,260	6,955	65	30	35
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	0	0	0	12,805	6,050	6,760	135	90	45
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	0	0	0	12,885	6,725	6,160	50	30	20
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	0	0	0	6,415	3,295	3,120	15	0	15
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	0	0	0	5,800	2,855	2,945	40	20	15
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	0	0	0	19,915	9,935	9,980	55	25	30
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	0	0	0	5,325	2,530	2,795	30	0	30
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	0	0	0	16,100	8,300	7,800	0	0	0
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	0	0	0	13,225	6,465	6,765	30	20	10
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	0	0	0	7,255	3,475	3,780	50	30	15
Haitian	930	475	455	0	0	0	1,120	570	555	0	0	0
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	0	0	0	9,050	4,560	4,490	65	25	40
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	0	0	0	9,145	4,490	4,655	55	30	25
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	0	0	0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0	0	0
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	0	0	0	8,075	3,960	4,115	0	0	0
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	0	0	0	6,840	3,325	3,515	20	10	10
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	0	0	0	2,095	1,040	1,050	35	10	20
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	0	0	0	6,125	3,000	3,125	25	10	20
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	0	0	0	8,860	3,910	4,950	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	0	0	0	5,040	2,520	2,525	80	50	30
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	0	0	0	1,845	905	945	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	0	0	0	8,605	4,150	4,455	35	20	15
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	0	0	0	6,465	3,345	3,120	10	10	0
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	0	0	0	4,945	2,630	2,310	40	25	15
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	0	0	0	6,575	3,255	3,320	125	60	60
Tamil	1,370	710	665	0	0	0	1,450	760	690	0	0	0
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	0	0	0	7,935	4,120	3,825	40	30	0
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	0	0	0	6,755	3,225	3,535	130	65	65
Moroccan	880	425	460	0	0	0	975	470	505	0	0	0
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	0	0	0	7,875	3,870	4,010	15	0	15
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	0	0	0	4,405	2,245	2,160	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	0	0	0	1,350	665	680	0	0	0
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	0	0	0	6,890	3,395	3,495	55	25	25
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	0	0	0	2,735	1,435	1,305	10	0	0
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	0	0	0	3,345	1,585	1,760	20	15	0
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	0	0	0	1,440	725	715	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	0	0	0	2,060	1,090	965	10	0	0
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0	0	0
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	0	0	0	1,420	635	785	15	0	10
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	0	0	0	2,845	1,525	1,320	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	0	0	0	1,805	900	910	20	15	10
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	0	0	0	2,760	1,525	1,235	45	25	20
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	0	0	0	3,675	1,870	1,800	30	0	20
Algerian	645	320	320	0	0	0	665	335	330	0	0	0
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	0	0	0	2,835	1,375	1,460	25	15	10
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	0	0	0	8,720	4,460	4,265	105	50	50
Armenian	925	495	430	0	0	0	1,030	535	495	15	10	0
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	0	0	0	4,430	2,200	2,225	15	10	10
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	0	0	0	3,085	1,440	1,645	20	0	15
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	0	0	0	2,855	1,485	1,370	25	20	15
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	0	0	0	2,255	960	1,295	20	0	20
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	0	0	0	3,140	1,520	1,620	0	0	0
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	0	0	0	2,660	1,315	1,345	0	0	0
African Caribbean	930	495	430	0	0	0	1,090	590	500	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	0	0	0	3,945	1,855	2,090	40	15	25
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	0	0	0	2,805	1,480	1,330	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	0	0	0	1,435	720	710	45	15	25
Algonquin	380	165	220	0	0	0	555	245	320	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	0	0	0	975	430	540	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	0	0	0	2,420	1,080	1,345	30	10	20
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	0	0	0	3,795	1,905	1,890	25	15	10
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	0	0	0	3,840	1,970	1,870	20	0	10
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	0	0	0	1,875	1,025	845	0	0	0
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	0	0	0	3,325	1,765	1,560	15	10	10
Congolese	1,045	500	545	0	0	0	1,100	515	580	30	15	20
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	0	0	0	1,075	515	565	10	0	10
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	0	0	0	6,810	3,265	3,545	55	20	25
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	0	0	0	3,210	1,515	1,690	50	25	30
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	0	0	0	1,605	775	830	0	0	0
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	0	0	0	5,565	2,825	2,740	100	45	65
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	0	0	0	2,140	1,060	1,075	0	0	0
Berber	405	225	175	0	0	0	430	235	195	0	0	0
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	0	0	0	1,920	1,065	855	20	20	0
Maltese	505	230	275	0	0	0	745	370	380	0	0	0
Macedonian	385	185	200	0	0	0	490	235	255	0	0	0
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	0	0	0	1,820	900	915	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	0	0	0	2,440	1,165	1,275	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	0	0	0	535	215	320	0	0	0
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	0	0	0	1,790	925	860	25	10	10
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	0	0	0	5,425	2,745	2,680	15	0	10
African Canadian	940	465	475	0	0	0	1,095	565	530	0	0	0
Israeli	1,095	565	525	0	0	0	1,175	610	565	20	20	0
Mohawk	500	300	200	0	0	0	650	375	275	20	10	10
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	0	0	0	2,390	1,215	1,175	35	0	30
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	0	0	0	1,390	670	720	15	0	10
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	0	0	0	7,585	3,815	3,775	20	0	10
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	0	0	0	1,535	790	745	25	15	10
Barbadian	640	310	330	0	0	0	755	380	380	0	0	0
African American	935	435	495	0	0	0	1,150	555	590	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	0	0	0	1,370	725	645	0	0	0
Tunisian	300	150	155	0	0	0	300	150	155	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	0	0	0	1,440	755	695	15	15	10
Cuban	830	395	435	0	0	0	890	425	465	0	0	0
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	0	0	0	2,170	1,030	1,140	15	10	10
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	3,180	1,520	1,670	70	40	25
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	0	0	0	55	35	15	0	0	0
Latvian	1,025	485	540	0	0	0	1,225	605	625	15	15	0
Bengali	1,200	585	610	0	0	0	1,245	615	630	0	0	0
Cameroonian	930	485	450	0	0	0	1,060	545	520	0	0	0
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	0	0	0	1,380	655	730	20	10	10
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	0	0	0	1,820	865	955	10	0	10
Laotian	1,015	505	510	0	0	0	1,165	575	590	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	0	0	0	2,705	1,255	1,450	40	25	20
Northern Irish	920	445	475	0	0	0	1,140	560	575	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	0	0	0	1,015	505	515	0	0	0
British Columbian	520	295	225	0	0	0	660	370	290	15	0	10
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	0	0	0	420	220	200	10	0	10
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	0	0	0	150	100	50	0	0	0
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	0	0	0	1,250	625	625	10	0	0
Estonian	980	480	500	0	0	0	1,175	565	610	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	0	0	0	1,120	555	565	0	0	0
Fijian	1,145	525	620	0	0	0	1,250	590	660	0	0	0
Jatt	1,410	705	705	0	0	0	1,575	785	780	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	0	0	0	940	490	450	0	0	0
Coptic	440	225	215	0	0	0	455	230	225	0	0	0
Thai	1,185	370	810	0	0	0	1,395	430	965	0	0	0
Dominican	405	245	160	0	0	0	410	250	160	0	0	0
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	0	0	0	2,340	1,200	1,135	0	0	0
Kabyle	95	50	45	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Assyrian	420	215	200	0	0	0	435	225	205	0	0	0
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	0	0	0	3,480	1,820	1,665	60	30	30
Byelorussian	730	350	380	0	0	0	855	420	440	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	0	0	0	1,810	770	1,035	0	0	0
Abenaki	50	20	25	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Moldovan	990	545	445	0	0	0	1,140	615	525	25	15	15
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	0	0	0	315	145	170	0	0	0
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	0	0	0	1,375	705	670	0	0	0
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	0	0	0	2,640	1,275	1,370	0	0	0
Breton	40	30	10	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	0	0	0	525	190	340	0	0	0
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	0	0	0	1,260	615	650	15	0	15
Plains Cree	200	100	95	0	0	0	240	115	125	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	0	0	0	505	250	250	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	0	0	0	115	55	60	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	0	0	0	1,630	765	865	15	0	15
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	0	0	0	1,070	515	555	15	10	10
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Norman	145	100	45	0	0	0	185	115	65	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	0	0	0	1,285	655	630	0	0	0
Ivorian	210	110	105	0	0	0	225	115	110	0	0	0
Saulteaux	280	120	160	0	0	0	330	150	180	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	0	0	0	180	70	110	0	0	0
Burundian	150	70	85	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	0	0	0	2,275	1,240	1,035	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	0	0	0	990	465	525	20	10	10
Mauritian	450	190	255	0	0	0	485	210	275	0	0	0
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	0	0	0	1,140	565	570	15	0	0
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	175	65	110	0	0	0	235	105	125	0	0	0
Jordanian	445	220	225	0	0	0	475	240	240	0	0	0
Manitoban	460	245	210	0	0	0	700	360	340	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	0	0	0	225	120	110	0	0	0
Rwandan	280	150	130	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Grenadian	225	90	135	0	0	0	250	100	150	10	10	0
Malayali	665	375	290	0	0	0	680	380	295	0	0	0
Chaldean	165	80	85	0	0	0	165	80	85	0	0	0
Sinhalese	555	255	305	0	0	0	575	265	310	0	0	0
Mayan	575	310	270	0	0	0	675	360	320	0	0	0
Honduran	340	150	185	0	0	0	355	150	200	0	0	0
Cherokee	545	255	285	0	0	0	655	325	335	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	0	0	0	160	75	85	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	0	0	0	160	85	80	0	0	0
Flemish	420	190	235	0	0	0	525	220	310	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	0	0	0	230	100	130	0	0	0
Senegalese	140	100	35	0	0	0	140	100	35	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	0	0	0	670	350	320	25	15	0
Sicilian	110	35	70	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Pashtun	820	420	400	0	0	0	865	440	420	0	0	0
Malay	790	340	450	0	0	0	855	370	485	0	0	0
Goan	350	185	165	0	0	0	375	195	180	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	0	0	0	405	210	195	0	0	0
Tibetan	790	415	375	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	0	0	0	775	345	430	30	15	15
Burmese	540	250	285	0	0	0	600	285	310	0	0	0
Mongolian	985	455	535	0	0	0	1,015	470	545	40	20	20
Azorean	70	25	45	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	105	60	45	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Ugandan	300	145	150	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Oromo	1,560	875	685	0	0	0	1,570	875	695	0	0	0
Tanzanian	795	425	375	0	0	0	845	440	400	0	0	0
Yemeni	555	280	275	0	0	0	595	295	300	0	0	0
Central African	70	35	40	0	0	0	70	35	40	0	0	0
Libyan	445	255	190	0	0	0	450	265	190	0	0	0
Basque	175	80	90	0	0	0	205	95	105	0	0	0
Uruguayan	85	40	45	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	0	0	0	360	160	200	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	0	0	0	355	210	140	0	0	0
Igorot	1,195	560	625	0	0	0	1,195	560	635	0	0	0
Fulani	65	25	35	0	0	0	75	35	50	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Guinean	155	80	70	0	0	0	155	85	70	0	0	0
St. Lucian	230	90	140	0	0	0	285	110	175	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	0	0	0	285	130	150	0	0	0
Maliseet	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Beninese	145	75	70	0	0	0	160	80	80	0	0	0
Telugu	255	135	120	0	0	0	260	145	120	0	0	0
Roma	200	95	100	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Costa Rican	180	95	85	0	0	0	205	115	90	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Malagasy	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Kashmiri	820	405	415	0	0	0	820	405	415	0	0	0
Singaporean	325	120	205	0	0	0	345	135	210	0	0	0
Karen	390	195	195	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Edo	605	340	265	0	0	0	665	370	295	15	10	10
Tajik	280	130	145	0	0	0	280	130	145	0	0	0
Amhara	810	435	380	0	0	0	820	440	385	0	0	0
Paraguayan	100	30	70	0	0	0	120	35	90	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	700	330	370	1,571,935	782,265	789,670	8,130	3,975	4,150
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	20	10	10	22,425	9,955	12,470	60	25	30
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	245	120	125	713,465	336,705	376,760	4,395	2,065	2,330
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	70	35	40	153,665	73,675	79,985	1,105	505	595
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	0	0	0	2,730	1,325	1,405	30	10	15
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	0	0	0	35,625	16,415	19,210	100	55	45
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	0	0	0	14,480	6,660	7,815	15	0	10
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	90	40	45	312,410	149,290	163,120	2,115	1,015	1,100
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	35	25	15	25,935	12,595	13,340	200	110	90
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	0	0	0	6,765	3,065	3,695	50	25	30
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	0	0	0	13,890	6,525	7,365	155	75	85
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	0	0	0	19,790	8,955	10,835	50	25	25
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	0	0	0	3,670	1,655	2,015	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	0	0	0	17,325	8,180	9,145	250	105	140
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	0	0	0	10,200	4,585	5,615	25	10	20
Reformed	1,250	600	655	0	0	0	1,880	950	930	0	0	0
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	30	0	25	51,720	22,415	29,305	125	50	75
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	0	0	0	43,375	20,405	22,970	180	85	90
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	30	0	25	35,335	18,180	17,155	230	110	115
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	0	0	0	6,820	3,305	3,515	45	20	25
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	35	10	20	101,285	51,675	49,610	405	230	180
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	270	125	145	56,230	28,325	27,905	40	20	20
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	0	0	0	1,515	550	960	30	10	15
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	0	0	0	11,305	4,775	6,530	15	0	10
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	95	50	40	623,560	328,795	294,765	2,915	1,495	1,425
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	695	325	370	1,555,360	773,705	781,660	7,955	3,890	4,065
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	585	280	305	1,345,810	669,430	676,380	6,280	3,110	3,175
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	110	50	60	209,550	104,275	105,275	1,675	785	885
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	100	35	60	147,415	73,505	73,910	1,280	595	685
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	10	10	0	62,135	30,765	31,365	390	190	205
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	0	0	0	47,380	23,440	23,940	345	175	175
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	0	0	0	28,075	13,860	14,215	160	80	75
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	0	0	0	19,305	9,580	9,725	190	90	95
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	0	0	0	14,755	7,325	7,430	45	20	30
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	645	305	340	1,482,335	736,360	745,975	7,320	3,570	3,745
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	370	190	180	863,155	429,060	434,095	2,060	985	1,075
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	275	115	160	619,175	307,300	311,880	5,255	2,585	2,670
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	130	55	75	363,260	181,560	181,700	3,720	1,850	1,870
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	145	65	85	255,920	125,740	130,180	1,540	735	810
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	10	0	0	177,420	87,415	90,005	1,065	485	585
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	0	0	0	112,590	55,855	56,735	635	280	345
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	10	0	0	64,830	31,560	33,270	435	205	230
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	135	55	80	78,500	38,320	40,180	475	250	225
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	535	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,215	6,285	3,055	3,220
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	125	50	75	182,850	95,955	86,895	675	355	320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	410	210	200	1,095,525	535,200	560,320	5,605	2,705	2,905
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	395	190	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	4,915	2,385	2,530
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	65	30	35	79,025	43,715	35,310	300	180	120
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	330	160	175	807,620	393,985	413,640	4,615	2,210	2,405
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	540	260	280	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	6,280	3,060	3,220
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	125	45	80	163,710	84,360	79,350	620	330	295
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	175	115	60	339,400	169,445	169,950	1,655	845	815
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	240	100	140	775,265	377,350	397,915	3,995	1,885	2,115
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	125	45	80	348,595	174,345	174,250	1,965	960	1,010
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	45	30	15	84,805	63,760	21,050	455	350	100
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	20	20	0	29,285	16,610	12,680	150	75	65
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	25	15	15	55,525	47,150	8,375	310	275	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	60	15	45	221,065	92,585	128,480	1,230	495	735
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	15	0	15	42,725	18,000	24,720	285	110	170
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	115	55	65	426,670	203,005	223,660	2,030	925	1,105
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	70	40	30	294,610	137,240	157,375	1,525	670	855
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	0	0	0	22,475	10,080	12,390	115	45	65
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	0	0	0	10,785	5,050	5,735	55	15	35
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	40	10	30	86,005	42,875	43,130	315	180	135
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	0	0	0	12,795	7,765	5,030	25	10	15
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	390	185	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	4,915	2,390	2,530
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	60	25	35	66,625	36,450	30,175	260	155	100
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	115	70	45	197,715	102,665	95,045	1,095	585	515
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	215	90	125	622,315	298,585	323,730	3,560	1,650	1,910
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	100	40	60	266,590	133,640	132,950	1,700	815	880
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	40	30	15	63,270	48,090	15,175	400	310	90
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	20	20	0	20,715	12,025	8,685	135	70	65
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	25	10	15	42,560	36,060	6,495	270	240	25
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	45	10	35	170,270	71,565	98,700	1,055	415	645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	15	0	15	33,050	13,985	19,070	240	90	150
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	115	50	65	355,720	164,940	190,775	1,860	830	1,025
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	70	35	35	244,340	111,530	132,810	1,400	605	790
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	0	0	0	17,980	7,805	10,175	90	35	55
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	0	0	0	9,185	4,015	5,170	50	10	35
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	40	10	25	74,335	35,965	38,370	305	170	130
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	0	0	0	9,880	5,625	4,255	20	10	15
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	535	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	6,280	3,060	3,225
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	290	160	135	503,110	253,805	249,305	2,285	1,175	1,105
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	10	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	160	50	110
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	10	0	0	46,605	10,200	36,405	160	50	110
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	10	0	0	23,385	9,460	13,925	85	35	50
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	0	0	0	2,560	1,930	630	15	15	0
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	0	0	0	20,825	7,530	13,295	80	25	50
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	30	0	30	34,000	12,365	21,635	165	60	100
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	15	0	10	3,675	735	2,940	25	10	15
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	0	0	0	7,415	1,915	5,495	25	0	20
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	20	0	20	11,560	4,095	7,460	65	20	45
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	0	0	0	525	185	340	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	0	0	0	2,325	1,255	1,065	20	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	0	0	0	3,860	2,195	1,665	15	10	0
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	0	0	0	3,810	1,820	1,990	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	0	0	0	830	165	665	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	25	15	10	83,860	28,790	55,065	380	95	280
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	0	0	0	1,155	220	930	10	0	10
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	0	0	0	11,400	4,015	7,380	45	20	30
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	0	0	0	9,690	735	8,955	55	0	55
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	0	0	0	15,515	5,275	10,245	100	30	75
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	0	0	0	1,605	560	1,045	0	0	0
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	0	0	0	13,800	3,115	10,680	45	0	45
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	10	10	0	30,700	14,865	15,830	115	45	70
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	40	20	20	177,710	75,825	101,885	965	365	600
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	0	0	0	180	60	120	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	0	0	0	8,595	1,605	6,995	60	0	55
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	40	20	20	168,935	74,160	94,770	900	360	540
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	0	0	0	39,940	20,670	19,265	105	40	60
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	0	0	0	13,395	5,160	8,240	45	0	45
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	0	0	0	8,180	3,785	4,395	20	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	0	0	0	665	260	410	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	0	0	0	16,065	10,835	5,225	30	20	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	0	0	0	1,630	635	995	10	0	10
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	10	0	0	36,465	23,975	12,485	265	175	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	10	0	0	30,070	21,020	9,055	225	155	65
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	0	0	0	1,630	200	1,430	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	0	0	0	4,030	2,275	1,755	30	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	0	0	0	730	485	250	10	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	55	45	10	173,505	149,155	24,355	895	775	120
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	0	0	0	6,470	4,065	2,410	25	15	10
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	10	10	0	66,620	53,075	13,545	320	255	65
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	10	0	0	38,240	31,740	6,500	205	170	45
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	30	20	0	28,060	27,225	835	160	155	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	0	0	0	22,210	21,530	675	140	140	0
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	0	0	0	11,885	11,515	375	30	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	10	0	10	15,905	7,900	8,005	90	35	55
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	10	0	10	10,210	5,025	5,180	60	25	40
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	0	0	0	5,695	2,870	2,825	25	10	15
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	40	0	40	111,080	22,865	88,215	690	145	550
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	0	0	0	9,155	4,305	4,845	35	15	20
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	40	0	40	98,680	16,900	81,780	640	120	520
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	0	0	0	3,060	1,580	1,485	15	0	10
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	10	0	0	32,595	16,030	16,565	190	100	95
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	0	0	0	20,215	6,265	13,950	115	30	85
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	0	0	0	140	130	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	0	0	0	170	145	25	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	0	0	0	6,150	4,050	2,095	50	40	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	0	0	0	5,925	5,440	480	25	25	0
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	0	0	0	220	115	110	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	395	185	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	4,915	2,385	2,530
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	175	95	80	264,340	139,115	125,220	1,355	740	615
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	155	50	105
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	0	0	0	33,450	6,965	26,475	155	50	105
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	0	0	0	18,955	7,590	11,360	75	30	45
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	0	0	0	1,900	1,360	540	10	10	0
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	0	0	0	17,045	6,230	10,815	60	20	45
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	35	0	35	26,945	9,460	17,490	140	50	90
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	15	0	10	3,000	580	2,425	20	0	15
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	0	0	0	6,035	1,555	4,480	20	0	15
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	20	0	20	9,440	3,220	6,225	55	20	35
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	0	0	0	390	130	260	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	0	0	0	1,865	985	875	15	10	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	0	0	0	2,680	1,520	1,160	10	0	0
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	0	0	0	2,930	1,365	1,565	10	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	0	0	0	595	105	490	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	20	10	10	69,810	23,220	46,590	330	80	245
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	0	0	0	975	200	775	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	0	0	0	10,005	3,400	6,605	45	20	25
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	10	0	10	7,720	535	7,185	45	0	45
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	0	0	0	12,925	4,080	8,840	100	30	70
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	0	0	0	1,335	455	885	0	0	0
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	0	0	0	11,190	2,390	8,800	45	0	45
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	10	10	0	25,655	12,155	13,505	85	35	50
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	30	20	15	145,930	61,450	84,480	845	315	535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	0	0	0	6,965	1,215	5,750	50	0	50
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	30	20	15	138,835	60,195	78,640	795	305	490
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	0	0	0	30,605	14,930	15,680	100	40	55
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	0	0	0	10,695	3,995	6,695	40	0	40
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	0	0	0	6,400	2,855	3,545	20	15	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	0	0	0	555	215	340	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	0	0	0	11,875	7,435	4,435	30	20	10
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	0	0	0	1,085	425	660	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	10	0	0	31,330	20,720	10,615	255	165	90
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	10	0	0	26,680	18,555	8,125	215	150	70
25. Library science	900	120	780	0	0	0	1,040	135	900	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	0	0	0	3,015	1,650	1,365	25	15	15
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	0	0	0	600	380	225	10	10	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	50	40	0	138,260	116,630	21,630	790	670	110
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	0	0	0	5,185	3,050	2,130	30	15	10
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	10	10	0	55,310	43,055	12,260	285	230	60
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	0	0	0	30,335	24,710	5,630	170	125	40
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	30	20	0	21,755	21,035	720	150	145	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	0	0	0	16,875	16,295	580	125	125	0
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	0	0	0	8,785	8,485	305	30	30	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	10	0	10	12,720	5,985	6,735	80	30	45
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	10	0	10	7,810	3,590	4,220	50	20	30
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	0	0	0	4,910	2,395	2,515	25	10	15
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	35	0	30	88,715	18,735	69,980	630	125	505
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	0	0	0	7,355	3,465	3,885	30	15	15
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	35	0	30	78,745	14,010	64,730	595	110	485
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	0	0	0	145	60	80	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	0	0	0	2,480	1,195	1,280	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	10	0	0	25,425	12,820	12,610	165	85	80
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	0	0	0	15,385	4,880	10,500	100	30	70
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	0	0	0	100	90	10	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0	0	0	85	80	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	0	0	0	5,140	3,420	1,725	45	35	10
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	0	0	0	4,710	4,340	370	20	20	0
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	0	0	0	170	75	95	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	395	185	205	886,650	437,700	448,950	4,915	2,385	2,530
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	175	95	80	264,340	139,115	125,220	1,355	740	615
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	215	90	125	622,310	298,585	323,730	3,560	1,645	1,910
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	95	35	60	455,590	220,680	234,910	2,225	1,010	1,215
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	80	25	55	328,175	157,540	170,630	1,605	725	880
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	20	10	0	127,410	63,135	64,275	620	290	335
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	120	55	65	166,725	77,905	88,820	1,335	640	700
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	0	0	0	28,670	14,305	14,360	205	100	95
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	0	0	0	17,465	9,425	8,040	50	30	25
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	0	0	0	2,410	1,065	1,345	10	10	0
Cuba	235	135	95	0	0	0	250	145	110	0	0	0
Haiti	75	45	30	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Jamaica	400	175	230	0	0	0	470	215	255	0	0	0
Brazil	1,555	665	890	0	0	0	1,670	690	980	10	0	0
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	0	0	0	2,125	915	1,210	35	15	25
Peru	365	140	225	0	0	0	400	155	250	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	0	0	0	1,850	780	1,070	50	20	30
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	0	0	0	1,945	870	1,075	30	15	10
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	0	0	0	29,575	15,435	14,145	310	165	145
Belgium	170	100	70	0	0	0	220	130	90	0	0	0
France	1,155	600	555	0	0	0	1,225	630	595	0	0	0
Germany	925	515	405	0	0	0	1,235	645	590	0	0	0
Netherlands	600	315	285	0	0	0	795	430	370	0	0	0
Switzerland	280	150	130	0	0	0	415	220	190	0	0	0
Hungary	330	165	165	0	0	0	380	180	205	10	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	0	0	0	630	295	335	25	10	15
Poland	1,375	540	835	0	0	0	1,485	575	905	30	15	15
Romania	1,725	935	795	0	0	0	1,870	1,020	855	35	25	10
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	0	0	0	2,235	955	1,280	45	20	25
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	0	0	0	1,605	745	865	45	25	20
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	0	0	0	930	570	355	15	10	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	0	0	0	11,725	6,495	5,220	70	40	30
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	0	0	0	345	185	155	0	0	0
Italy	315	170	140	0	0	0	350	210	140	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	0	0	0	375	180	190	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	0	0	0	3,760	1,955	1,805	25	10	20
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	0	0	0	13,270	6,695	6,570	180	90	90
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	0	0	0	4,965	2,375	2,590	115	50	65
Algeria	330	170	160	0	0	0	340	170	170	0	0	0
Morocco	380	205	175	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Tunisia	180	110	70	0	0	0	185	115	75	0	0	0
Egypt	1,610	825	785	0	0	0	1,670	860	810	10	10	0
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	0	0	0	1,690	855	840	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	0	0	0	3,985	2,105	1,880	40	25	20
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	105	45	60	91,990	39,695	52,295	620	270	345
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	0	0	0	2,155	1,010	1,145	0	0	0
Iraq	895	440	455	0	0	0	920	450	465	15	0	0
Israel	385	210	175	0	0	0	425	230	195	0	0	0
Lebanon	590	275	315	0	0	0	640	300	335	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	0	0	0	735	380	355	0	0	0
Turkey	385	235	155	0	0	0	390	235	160	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	0	0	0	11,260	5,010	6,250	35	15	15
Taiwan	565	140	430	0	0	0	585	145	440	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	0	0	0	805	315	495	0	0	0
Japan	995	270	720	0	0	0	1,045	275	770	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	0	0	0	3,925	1,615	2,305	25	10	15
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	30	20	10	30,585	12,115	18,470	375	150	225
Viet Nam	810	315	495	0	0	0	855	335	520	0	0	0
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	0	0	0	1,405	540	870	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	0	0	0	485	250	235	15	10	10
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	75	25	50	25,005	11,780	13,225	100	45	55
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	0	0	0	6,330	2,815	3,520	10	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	0	0	0	4,435	1,895	2,540	35	25	10
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	0	0	0	3,225	1,775	1,450	25	10	15
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	0	0	0	2,545	1,385	1,160	20	0	15
New Zealand	480	255	230	0	0	0	555	315	240	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	540	260	280	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	6,280	3,060	3,220
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	430	215	210	882,705	463,170	419,540	5,040	2,610	2,425
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	380	200	175	776,015	408,675	367,335	4,590	2,425	2,165
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	55	20	35	106,695	54,490	52,205	450	185	265
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	105	45	60	395,665	167,985	227,680	1,245	450	795
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	79.6	82.7	75.0	69.0	73.4	64.8	80.3	85.3	75.3
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	70.4	76.9	62.5	60.7	64.8	56.8	73.1	79.2	67.2
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	12.8	9.3	16.7	12.1	11.8	12.4	8.9	7.1	10.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	535	260	275	1,278,375	631,155	647,220	6,280	3,060	3,225
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	155	60	95	422,665	183,645	239,020	1,500	545	950
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	380	200	180	855,710	447,510	408,200	4,785	2,510	2,275
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	165	100	65	450,195	257,535	192,655	2,720	1,470	1,255
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	215	100	110	405,520	189,970	215,550	2,065	1,045	1,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	39.8	39.8	39.8	40.7	41.5	39.8	42.1	43.2	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	430	220	215	882,710	463,165	419,540	5,035	2,610	2,425
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	20	0	20	29,010	14,020	14,995	125	50	75
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	415	220	190	853,695	449,150	404,550	4,915	2,560	2,355
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	375	185	190	715,140	365,090	350,050	4,360	2,230	2,125
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	315	170	145	600,125	311,480	288,645	3,805	1,985	1,820
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	55	15	45	115,020	53,615	61,405	555	250	310
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	15	0	15	37,760	16,790	20,970	170	85	90
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	40	15	30	77,260	36,820	40,435	380	165	220
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	40	35	0	138,550	84,060	54,500	555	330	225
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	430	220	215	882,710	463,165	419,540	5,035	2,610	2,425
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	20	0	20	29,010	14,020	14,995	125	50	75
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	415	220	190	853,695	449,150	404,550	4,915	2,560	2,355
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	0	0	0	11,440	8,585	2,850	15	15	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	50	25	25	161,170	53,245	107,930	1,010	265	740
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	25	25	0	94,565	72,340	22,225	520	400	125
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	25	0	25	69,305	13,810	55,490	515	120	400
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	30	15	15	92,850	30,655	62,195	470	135	335
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	0	0	0	24,120	10,450	13,675	80	40	40
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	120	40	85	209,115	94,840	114,280	1,150	540	605
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	130	100	30	147,375	132,085	15,290	965	875	95
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	0	0	0	18,195	14,065	4,130	65	55	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	35	20	20	25,565	19,070	6,490	120	115	10
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	430	220	215	882,710	463,165	419,540	5,035	2,610	2,425
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	20	0	20	29,010	14,020	14,995	125	50	75
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	415	220	190	853,695	449,150	404,550	4,915	2,560	2,355
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	0	0	0	8,270	5,105	3,165	25	15	10
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	0	0	0	39,750	26,465	13,290	220	150	70
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	0	0	0	10,285	6,785	3,500	40	25	15
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	55	45	10	75,665	63,720	11,945	535	470	70
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	30	20	15	41,545	30,255	11,295	250	185	60
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	10	10	0	27,195	18,765	8,430	175	115	60
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	75	30	45	96,885	46,555	50,330	545	290	250
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	65	55	10	56,135	40,670	15,470	315	225	95
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	0	0	0	14,840	8,750	6,090	70	55	15
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	0	0	0	30,760	13,930	16,825	175	50	125
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	0	0	0	16,935	9,445	7,485	95	50	40
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	25	15	0	96,185	55,190	40,995	515	270	250
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	0	0	0	2,660	1,210	1,450	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	40	20	25	37,790	21,285	16,510	210	120	85
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	0	0	0	55,510	16,805	38,700	210	70	140
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	35	0	35	107,190	20,475	86,720	810	160	650
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	0	0	0	17,830	8,980	8,850	55	20	35
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	50	15	35	49,900	22,440	27,460	255	110	145
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	0	0	0	37,065	16,090	20,975	215	100	115
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	0	0	0	31,305	16,235	15,075	210	90	120
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	425	225	200	926,320	483,455	442,860	5,165	2,650	2,510
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	330	180	155	878,705	460,305	418,400	4,985	2,555	2,420
French	1,020	295	725	0	0	0	1,250	340	915	0	0	0
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	0	0	0	6,970	3,525	3,440	15	0	10
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	0	0	0	6,955	3,525	3,430	15	0	10
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	0	0	0	7,700	3,085	4,615	35	10	25
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	90	45	45	30,355	15,535	14,825	130	70	60
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	0	0	0	740	340	405	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	0	0	0	575	325	250	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	425	225	200	926,320	483,455	442,860	5,165	2,650	2,510
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	405	210	195	919,325	479,835	439,490	5,135	2,635	2,500
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	400	200	195	906,220	473,040	433,180	5,120	2,630	2,490
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	400	200	195	903,745	472,395	431,350	5,105	2,625	2,480
French	2,040	595	1,445	0	0	0	2,475	650	1,835	15	0	0
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	0	0	0	13,105	6,795	6,310	15	0	10
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	0	0	0	13,090	6,795	6,300	15	0	10
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	0	0	0	470	250	215	0	0	0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	0	0	0	450	235	215	0	0	0
Amharic	35	25	10	0	0	0	35	25	10	0	0	0
Arabic	315	165	150	0	0	0	335	170	165	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	0	0	0	840	330	510	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	780	295	485	0	0	0	820	320	505	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	0	0	0	555	290	265	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	0	0	0	495	260	240	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	0	0	0	5,395	2,930	2,465	0	0	0
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	0	0	0	455	185	270	0	0	0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Czech	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Russian	175	75	100	0	0	0	180	80	105	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Bosnian	25	10	20	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	25	20	10	0	0	0	25	20	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
German	70	35	35	0	0	0	100	60	45	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	0	0	0	3,355	2,015	1,345	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	0	0	0	3,220	1,960	1,260	0	0	0
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gujarati	70	35	30	0	0	0	75	35	35	0	0	0
Hindi	110	60	45	0	0	0	130	80	50	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	0	0	0	2,745	1,740	1,005	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	0	0	0	225	95	135	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	0	0	0	135	50	80	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Persian languages	125	50	70	0	0	0	125	50	70	0	0	0
Dari	30	10	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	0	0	0	90	35	50	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	0	0	0	1,425	650	780	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Portuguese	75	50	30	0	0	0	85	55	30	0	0	0
Romanian	40	25	15	0	0	0	60	40	30	0	0	0
Spanish	1,150	475	670	0	0	0	1,255	540	715	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	0	0	0	105	25	75	0	0	0
Korean	775	435	345	0	0	0	810	445	365	0	0	0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
American Sign Language	30	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	0	0	0	4,665	2,410	2,255	0	0	0
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	0	0	0	4,645	2,395	2,245	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	0	0	0	1,960	995	965	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	0	0	0	2,650	1,375	1,270	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0	0	0	55	15	40	0	0	0
Lao	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Thai	35	0	30	0	0	0	40	0	40	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	20	20	10	7,000	3,625	3,375	25	15	10
English and French	805	365	435	0	0	0	1,000	445	555	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	20	20	10	5,765	3,065	2,695	25	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	0	0	0	130	65	60	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	425	225	200	926,320	483,455	442,860	5,165	2,650	2,510
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	360	200	165	893,045	467,350	425,695	5,010	2,570	2,440
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	0	0	0	6,235	2,990	3,245	15	0	0
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	0	0	0	5,615	2,385	3,230	20	0	15
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	60	20	35	17,585	8,825	8,760	105	65	40
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	0	0	0	115	45	70	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	60	20	35	17,465	8,780	8,690	105	65	40
English and French	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	0	0	0	660	330	335	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	0	0	0	500	245	255	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	10	0	10
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	380	200	180	776,010	408,680	367,335	4,590	2,425	2,165
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	20	15	0	215,520	105,290	110,230	1,110	510	600
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	0	0	0	2,820	2,095	725	25	20	10
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	85	55	30	113,260	83,885	29,375	715	610	105
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	275	135	140	444,410	217,405	227,005	2,735	1,290	1,455
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	275	135	140	444,410	217,405	227,005	2,735	1,285	1,455
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	240	110	125	361,065	170,000	191,065	2,430	1,115	1,320
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	30	20	10	69,230	37,715	31,505	240	130	115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	0	0	0	10,095	7,060	3,035	55	35	20
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	0	0	0	4,020	2,625	1,395	10	10	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	360	190	170	557,670	301,290	256,380	3,455	1,895	1,560
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	285	165	120	473,465	261,055	212,410	3,140	1,780	1,365
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	225	145	85	441,645	249,990	191,655	3,030	1,745	1,285
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	60	25	40	31,820	11,060	20,755	110	35	75
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	65	20	50	40,930	17,775	23,165	185	55	130
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	0	0	0	22,670	10,345	12,325	40	10	25
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	0	0	0	4,355	3,240	1,115	0	0	0
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	0	0	0	16,245	8,875	7,365	85	40	40
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	360	190	170	557,670	301,290	256,380	3,455	1,895	1,560
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	40	15	20	128,460	58,155	70,310	375	150	230
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	160	100	55	242,460	130,855	111,610	1,560	855	705
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	120	55	70	125,765	75,100	50,660	990	565	430
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	10	0	0	31,050	18,505	12,545	270	175	100
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	30	10	15	29,930	18,665	11,265	255	160	95
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	360	190	170	557,670	301,290	256,380	3,455	1,895	1,560
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	65	35	25	37,665	27,280	10,390	295	225	65
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	85	50	30	100,900	63,500	37,400	745	480	265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	50	35	20	143,455	75,755	67,700	990	480	510
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	40	25	10	105,095	50,620	54,475	575	270	305
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	45	10	35	79,595	35,415	44,180	340	165	175
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	80	35	45	90,950	48,715	42,230	505	265	240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	170	80	90	356,225	183,250	172,980	2,040	995	1,050
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	10	5	0	25,335	12,890	12,445	110	55	60
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	165	75	90	330,890	170,360	160,535	1,925	940	990
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	120	60	65	259,535	133,590	125,945	1,200	595	610
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	10	5	5	18,890	9,625	9,270	80	40	40
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	5	5	5	9,575	4,670	4,910	45	20	25
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	0	0	0	9,315	4,955	4,360	35	20	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	110	50	60	240,640	123,965	116,675	1,125	555	570

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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