Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			48060837More information: Alberta [Dissemination area] Remove			QuebecMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	533	...	...	8,501,833	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...	8,164,361	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	5.2	...	...	...	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	268	...	...	4,050,164	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	243	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	4.2	...	...	1,453.1	...	...	6.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	0.37	...	...	1,298,599.75	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	535	265	265	8,501,835	4,201,960	4,299,870
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	75	45	35	1,391,360	713,290	678,070
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	40	25	15	422,980	217,145	205,840
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	25	10	10	478,955	245,295	233,665
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	15	10	5	489,425	250,855	238,570
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	410	205	205	5,356,945	2,686,745	2,670,195
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	30	10	15	429,400	219,400	209,995
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	40	15	25	460,660	235,250	225,405
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	60	40	25	527,150	266,455	260,700
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	75	30	45	536,040	267,770	268,270
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	50	25	25	550,425	274,350	276,075
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	40	25	15	572,565	286,405	286,160
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	25	15	15	516,465	259,565	256,905
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	30	15	15	522,935	262,610	260,325
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	40	15	25	615,690	307,230	308,465
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	15	10	5	625,610	307,710	317,900
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	45	20	30	1,753,530	801,925	951,605
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	20	5	10	541,970	264,020	277,950
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	10	5	10	455,900	217,985	237,910
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	5	0	5	330,840	153,790	177,050
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	840,545	370,905	469,645	5	0	5	210,405	90,825	119,580
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	861,395	319,540	541,860	5	5	5	214,415	75,305	139,115
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	525,445	212,735	312,705	5	5	5	131,755	50,610	81,150
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	258,035	87,300	170,735	0	0	0	65,020	20,490	44,535
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	68,380	17,670	50,715	0	0	0	15,665	3,875	11,790
100 years and over	195	45	155	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0	1,975	330	1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	16.3	16.9	15.6	14.0	17.0	13.2	16.4	17.0	15.8
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	64.8	65.4	64.2	76.6	77.4	77.4	63.0	63.9	62.1
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	19.0	17.7	20.2	8.4	7.5	11.3	20.6	19.1	22.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	0.9	1.9	1.9	2.5	1.8	3.2
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	41.9	41.0	42.8	35.4	34.2	36.6	42.8	41.8	43.7
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	41.6	40.4	42.8	33.6	33.2	34.0	43.2	42.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	245	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	55	...	...	1,671,920	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	746,560	...	...	15	...	...	199,080	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	980,110	...	...	0	...	...	98,625	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	821,490	...	...	50	...	...	271,245	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	125	...	...	1,242,910	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	0	...	...	225,745	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	34,880	...	...	0	...	...	15,745	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	189,420	...	...	0	...	...	23,760	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	85	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	70	...	...	1,295,730	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	55	...	...	480,135	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	20	...	...	427,605	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	10	...	...	228,060	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	535	265	270	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	455	220	235	7,110,470	3,488,670	3,621,805
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	200	100	100	3,967,915	1,986,770	1,981,145
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	150	75	75	2,310,860	1,157,085	1,153,775
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	55	30	25	1,657,050	829,680	827,375
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	45	20	25	1,345,765	671,000	674,765
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	123,830	65,045	58,785	0	0	0	17,505	9,090	8,410
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	721,715	365,760	355,950	5	5	0	261,885	135,520	126,370
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	87,165	36,860	50,300	0	0	0	31,900	14,070	17,830
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	255	125	135	3,142,560	1,501,895	1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	190	95	95	2,161,975	1,166,840	995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	741,135	319,045	422,090	20	10	10	106,275	48,095	58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	30	10	20	494,210	197,455	296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	15	10	10	380,100	89,515	290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	130	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	60	...	...	1,267,980	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	40	...	...	454,980	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	15	...	...	412,850	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	855,960	...	...	5	...	...	187,600	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	130	...	...	2,323,410	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	95	...	...	1,939,635	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	65	...	...	1,111,625	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	40	...	...	502,020	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	20	...	...	609,605	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	25	...	...	828,005	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	808,645	...	...	5	...	...	401,885	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	20	...	...	426,120	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	35	...	...	383,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	30	...	...	284,025	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	383,670	...	...	10	...	...	99,755	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	530	265	270	8,308,480	4,126,815	4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	355	175	180	6,557,095	3,256,260	3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	185	95	95	3,879,265	1,941,175	1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	35	5	30	383,780	99,755	284,020
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	135	70	60	2,294,055	1,215,335	1,078,720
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	75	35	40	1,708,235	897,930	810,305
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	60	40	20	585,820	317,400	268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	170	90	85	1,751,380	870,550	880,825
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	85	40	40	1,317,505	638,170	679,335
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	927,345	393,085	534,260	20	10	10	165,070	74,060	91,005
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	70	35	30	268,810	158,325	110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	110	...	...	2,165,490	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	85	...	...	1,834,095	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	45	...	...	851,835	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	40	...	...	982,260	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	30	...	...	331,395	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	441,745	...	...	0	...	...	50,790	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	94,235	...	...	0	...	...	9,225	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	450,415	...	...	10	...	...	66,750	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	663,835	...	...	30	...	...	139,280	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	85	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	450	220	230	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	435	215	220	6,738,760	3,326,795	3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	41,200	46,400	36,800	36,000	36,000	36,000	40,800	44,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	435	215	220	6,740,755	3,327,835	3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	33,200	33,200	33,200	36,400	39,200	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	390	195	195	6,054,780	3,047,745	3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	31,800	33,200	30,400	33,600	39,600	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	350	175	175	4,874,570	2,537,900	2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	33,600	34,000	32,400	36,000	40,400	31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	395	190	205	5,596,585	2,627,215	2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	9,800	8,500	11,000	8,200	5,880	9,200	11,500	10,200	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	50	25	25	837,635	441,080	396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,720	5,760	5,720	6,240	6,000	6,500	5,520	5,520	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	175	85	90	1,971,440	1,039,220	932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,500	10,000	8,000	7,000	6,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	500	225	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	485	220	270	6,738,410	3,326,975	3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	54,450	62,650	46,560	51,200	61,200	42,800	51,160	57,550	44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	485	220	270	6,740,360	3,328,000	3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	44,920	50,320	39,680	42,200	48,000	37,600	41,840	45,760	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	445	210	230	6,053,525	3,047,850	3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	50,240	59,500	41,000	45,800	54,800	38,000	45,480	52,900	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	395	185	210	4,874,615	2,538,865	2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	50,280	58,050	42,000	44,800	52,400	38,000	46,240	51,950	40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	450	205	245	5,593,790	2,625,895	2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	11,170	10,180	12,060	9,880	9,100	10,500	12,410	11,500	13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	80	45	30	837,180	441,665	395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,050	6,710	7,370	5,400	3,400	8,000	7,040	6,380	7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	210	100	110	1,966,120	1,039,080	927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	8,920	8,740	9,100	10,500	11,400	9,400	8,130	7,910	8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	225	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	130	70	65	2,305,655	1,246,645	1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	44,400	44,000	47,200	58,400	62,800	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	77,200	85,400	67,000	80,000	100,000	58,000	69,700	76,600	61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	240	115	130	2,014,360	990,380	1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	18,400	21,000	16,600	21,400	27,600	21,400	18,600	21,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	29,160	33,960	24,860	28,200	26,800	29,600	28,160	32,120	24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.0	86.0	77.0	79.8	84.2	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	66.8	70.6	61.7	71.5	74.0	68.0	65.4	68.8	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	17.8	13.7	23.1	18.0	14.2	22.4	20.1	15.8	25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.7	1.1	2.4	1.7	1.5	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6	9.5	9.2	9.8	5.4	4.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	4.7	4.0	5.5	8.8	8.8	8.8	4.6	4.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	455	220	235	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	20	10	5	179,955	87,650	92,310
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	435	210	225	6,738,765	3,326,800	3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	25	10	15	462,400	204,245	258,155
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	35	15	20	809,375	334,315	475,065
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	95	40	50	1,124,265	499,780	624,485
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	95	50	50	896,520	414,070	482,445
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	65	40	25	849,005	411,680	437,325
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	30	10	15	687,020	345,720	341,305
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	30	10	20	503,110	271,695	231,415
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5	5	0	367,455	208,475	158,980
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	10	5	0	284,690	158,760	125,930
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	965,950	553,435	412,510	10	5	5	198,140	112,355	85,780
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	40	15	20	556,780	365,700	191,080
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	30	10	15	385,890	245,635	140,260
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	15	5	10	170,890	120,065	50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	455	220	235	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	20	10	5	177,960	86,610	91,355
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	435	210	225	6,740,760	3,327,835	3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	30	20	15	495,035	214,000	281,030
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	40	15	20	853,250	356,480	496,765
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	110	50	55	1,316,685	592,685	723,995
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	115	65	45	1,127,905	544,940	582,965
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	50	25	25	994,235	505,970	488,265
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	35	10	20	691,015	372,870	318,145
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	15	10	5	459,665	251,490	208,170
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	15	5	5	292,135	160,985	131,150
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	15	5	10	174,905	104,610	70,295
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	643,700	402,325	241,380	5	5	0	106,165	67,055	39,105
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	25	5	15	229,765	156,750	73,020
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	792,455	530,970	261,490	10	5	5	119,125	78,615	40,515
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	804,335	578,645	225,695	15	5	10	110,635	78,130	32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	455	220	235	6,918,715	3,414,445	3,504,275
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	105	50	60	2,044,155	876,545	1,167,610
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	350	175	175	4,874,565	2,537,900	2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	40	15	25	644,075	331,770	312,300
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	25	10	10	401,185	180,585	220,595
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	50	30	20	603,350	273,725	329,620
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	40	20	20	495,105	228,670	266,435
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	65	35	25	488,000	239,620	248,380
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	30	20	10	485,845	242,230	243,610
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	30	10	20	403,980	217,425	186,560
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	15	5	10	320,700	184,770	135,935
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	10	5	0	250,635	147,020	103,615
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	929,490	539,395	390,095	5	5	0	218,100	120,085	98,020
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	760,035	439,505	320,530	10	5	5	141,540	86,090	55,450
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	40	15	20	422,055	285,910	136,145
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	15	10	10	205,085	133,500	71,585
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	25	5	15	216,965	152,410	64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	450	220	230	6,918,720	3,414,440	3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	425	205	220	6,612,685	3,260,635	3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	35,200	36,000	34,400	38,400	43,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	425	205	220	6,615,985	3,261,090	3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	33,200	33,600	32,000	34,000	37,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	390	185	195	5,956,320	3,000,865	2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	35,200	35,200	35,600	34,800	40,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	360	175	185	4,872,155	2,530,660	2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	38,000	44,400	32,800	36,000	35,600	38,000	36,400	41,200	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	370	170	200	5,078,320	2,330,945	2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	4,240	1,960	6,450	1,040	1,040	1,120	7,800	5,640	9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	25	5	15	727,165	390,255	336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	5,720	5,560	5,960	4,360	x	x	5,000	4,760	5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	500	225	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	480	220	260	6,612,430	3,260,240	3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	52,350	61,250	43,800	44,600	47,200	42,800	48,600	55,500	41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	480	220	260	6,615,755	3,260,690	3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	42,920	49,000	37,160	37,800	38,800	37,200	39,600	44,000	35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	435	215	220	5,954,375	3,000,415	2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	51,040	60,800	41,320	44,400	43,600	45,200	45,920	53,800	37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	405	190	210	4,871,600	2,530,795	2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	50,560	58,800	41,800	42,200	40,800	43,600	46,240	52,450	39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	430	185	250	5,076,255	2,328,310	2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	7,950	6,990	8,800	4,840	4,560	5,040	9,450	8,430	10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	20	0	15	727,815	390,880	336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,200	...	7,000	7,020	5,975	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	505	225	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	125	70	60	2,290,755	1,238,260	1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	60,000	66,000	53,600	45,200	26,800	47,600	54,800	60,000	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	73,200	81,900	62,250	68,000	74,000	62,000	65,400	72,900	56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	230	115	120	1,894,930	934,230	960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	26,400	23,000	26,600	23,600	27,200	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	35,200	41,280	29,720	32,400	25,600	39,000	33,000	37,800	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	87.6	91.2	83.0	90.0	92.0	88.0	85.0	89.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	71.8	75.0	67.2	79.5	77.0	82.0	70.0	73.4	66.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	12.3	8.9	16.9	9.7	8.2	11.0	14.9	10.8	20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.6	0.8	x	1.0	1.6	1.3	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	66,000	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	85	...	...	1,317,505	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	36,800	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	160	...	...	2,431,530	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	98,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	87,700	...	...	81,000	...	...	75,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	75	...	...	1,317,070	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	53,350	...	...	52,000	...	...	47,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	44,360	...	...	44,000	...	...	39,640	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	175	...	...	2,431,965	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	118,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	105,700	...	...	97,000	...	...	94,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	165,175	...	...	5	...	...	35,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	91,750	...	...	0	...	...	23,880	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	178,475	...	...	0	...	...	52,080	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	274,140	...	...	5	...	...	82,470	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	637,695	...	...	5	...	...	218,185	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	505,875	...	...	20	...	...	144,420	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	488,735	...	...	10	...	...	143,285	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	560,950	...	...	15	...	...	172,005	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	572,650	...	...	10	...	...	174,790	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	559,155	...	...	5	...	...	166,990	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	25	...	...	310,880	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	20	...	...	280,505	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	986,460	...	...	25	...	...	255,770	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	921,205	...	...	15	...	...	235,235	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	844,835	...	...	15	...	...	208,320	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	75	...	...	1,244,285	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	30	...	...	414,805	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	10	...	...	282,590	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	15	...	...	307,835	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	20	...	...	239,060	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	186,735	...	...	5	...	...	40,590	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	95,195	...	...	0	...	...	24,960	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	183,430	...	...	0	...	...	53,600	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	289,545	...	...	5	...	...	87,695	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	681,900	...	...	5	...	...	234,875	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	589,110	...	...	15	...	...	177,135	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	582,275	...	...	15	...	...	180,150	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	666,675	...	...	15	...	...	213,760	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	676,995	...	...	5	...	...	210,280	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	655,100	...	...	15	...	...	193,530	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	25	...	...	356,325	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	25	...	...	322,530	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	25	...	...	289,580	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	15	...	...	254,885	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	911,515	...	...	25	...	...	216,370	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	45	...	...	892,775	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	15	...	...	387,835	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	10	...	...	225,830	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	20	...	...	279,105	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	130	...	...	2,331,170	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	40	...	...	991,710	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	77,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	69,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	45	...	...	907,765	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	35	...	...	368,845	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	72,500	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	64,500	...	...	61,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	155	80	75	1,586,315	796,490	789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	38,400	40,000	36,800	34,800	33,200	34,800	36,800	39,200	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	31,000	30,400	32,000	33,200	34,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	150	...	...	2,330,645	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	128,600	...	...	120,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	105,600	...	...	98,000	...	...	95,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	45	...	...	992,110	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	112,500	...	...	100,000	...	...	101,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	50	...	...	909,160	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	160,600	...	...	175,000	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	130,600	...	...	132,000	...	...	121,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	45	...	...	367,155	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	82,300	...	...	78,000	...	...	78,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	71,800	...	...	66,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	145	65	80	1,585,705	796,290	789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	49,440	52,050	46,880	45,000	36,000	53,000	45,480	48,000	42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	41,560	43,080	40,120	40,000	33,000	45,000	38,040	39,400	36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	535	270	265	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	95	55	45	1,648,330	844,730	803,600
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	50	30	20	515,725	264,785	250,935
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	390	195	200	5,060,160	2,529,275	2,530,885
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	45	20	25	1,599,990	752,815	847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	80	45	35	992,235	463,295	528,940
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	854,565	439,490	415,075	20	15	10	159,530	82,000	77,530
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	282,315	144,250	138,065	10	5	5	53,105	27,240	25,870
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	55	30	25	515,470	256,435	259,035
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	985,745	391,695	594,050	0	0	0	317,235	124,865	192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	11.1	10.5	11.6	15.2	17.0	13.0	11.9	11.2	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	11.9	11.9	11.9	24.0	28.0	20.0	9.7	9.7	9.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	12.7	12.7	12.7	20.0	16.0	25.0	10.3	10.3	10.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	9.7	9.4	9.9	14.4	16.0	13.0	10.2	10.1	10.2
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	15.0	12.7	16.9	x	x	x	19.8	16.6	22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	530	265	270	8,268,130	4,106,780	4,161,350
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	95	55	40	1,634,715	837,715	797,005
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	50	30	25	511,400	262,535	248,860
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	395	195	195	5,037,010	2,517,975	2,519,035
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	45	15	30	1,596,400	751,095	845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	65	35	30	439,850	223,055	216,795
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	319,545	164,490	155,060	15	5	5	61,665	31,610	30,060
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	99,435	50,875	48,560	5	0	5	19,815	10,190	9,630
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	45	25	20	313,970	167,015	146,955
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	199,155	83,010	116,145	0	0	0	64,210	24,430	39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.0	12.0	13.0	10.0	5.3	5.4	5.2
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	4.5	4.6	4.5	16.0	16.0	12.0	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	4.6	4.6	4.6	16.0	x	x	3.9	3.9	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	6.0	6.4	5.7	12.0	13.0	11.0	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.1	2.7	3.3	x	x	x	4.0	3.3	4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	535	265	265	8,308,480	4,126,810	4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	340	175	160	4,667,030	2,270,130	2,396,895
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	80	50	35	851,840	407,705	444,140
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	75	35	40	920,490	434,730	485,760
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	55	30	25	969,255	471,650	497,600
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	65	35	25	978,345	482,760	495,590
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	60	25	35	947,090	473,285	473,810
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	195	90	100	3,641,455	1,856,685	1,784,765
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	45	20	30	899,660	454,970	444,690
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	40	20	20	837,225	425,400	411,830
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	25	15	10	752,410	383,450	368,955
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	45	20	20	634,425	325,700	308,730
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	35	20	20	517,725	267,160	250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	530	...	...	8,308,480	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.362	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.482	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.317	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	530	265	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	475	240	235	445,575	228,840	216,735
French only	825	350	480	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	0	0	0	3,980,275	1,864,675	2,115,605
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	45	20	25	3,898,980	2,035,230	1,863,750
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	689,725	284,170	405,555	15	5	5	82,075	35,200	46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	530	265	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	510	255	260	1,088,820	548,595	540,225
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	5	0	5	6,909,570	3,412,705	3,496,860
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	476,175	237,635	238,535	0	5	0	329,515	169,050	160,465
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	673,100	275,685	397,420	15	5	5	79,000	33,590	45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	530	265	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	495	245	245	8,098,360	4,008,495	4,089,865
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	280	150	130	6,930,810	3,438,050	3,492,755
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	280	150	125	639,365	323,170	316,195
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	5	0	5	6,291,440	3,114,885	3,176,565
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	210	95	115	1,167,550	570,440	597,110
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	148,895	71,630	77,265	0	0	0	41,820	20,480	21,345
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	97,125	46,545	50,580	0	0	0	28,925	14,200	14,730
Blackfoot	175	80	90	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0	27,870	13,715	14,160
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0	5,490	2,825	2,665
Cree languages	185	70	120	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0	14,905	7,410	7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0	565	290	275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0	3,235	1,565	1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0	70	40	35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0	90	50	40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0	60	25	35
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0	10,870	5,435	5,435
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0	6,870	3,180	3,695
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0	610	300	310
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0	190	75	115
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0	190	75	110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0	860	410	450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0	820	385	435
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0	30	15	10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0	15	10	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0	15	10	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	1,505	755	755	0	0	0	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0	12,775	6,220	6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	10	0	5	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0	12,770	6,220	6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	355	150	205	0	0	0	65	30	40
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	275	115	155	0	0	0	60	30	35
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	485	220	265	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	0	5	1,095	520	575	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	1,040	485	555	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	15	5	10	560	245	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	60	20	40	365	180	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	45	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0	0	5	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0	0	5	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0	15	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	180	75	100	0	0	0	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	210	95	115	1,125,730	549,960	575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	698,355	359,625	338,730	45	25	15	233,220	122,895	110,320
Berber languages	125	70	55	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0	25,990	13,860	12,130
Kabyle	90	45	45	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0	23,735	12,570	11,165
Tamazight	30	20	10	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0	1,975	1,130	840
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	395	225	170	0	0	0	285	160	125
Chadic languages	40	20	20	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0	980	510	470
Hausa	40	20	20	1,315	740	570	0	0	0	425	235	190
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0	555	280	280
Coptic	30	10	15	1,015	510	505	0	0	0	320	170	150
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	49,410	23,275	26,135	0	0	0	1,330	620	705
Bilen	170	85	85	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0	20	10	10
Oromo	1,370	685	685	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0	5	5	5
Somali	1,600	795	805	40,730	18,775	21,955	0	0	0	1,275	595	680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	755	400	350	0	0	0	25	15	15
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	618,450	320,045	298,405	45	25	20	204,600	107,735	96,865
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	25,685	12,090	13,600	0	0	0	735	345	385
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	508,410	265,350	243,060	30	20	10	198,785	104,765	94,020
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0	525	250	270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0	170	85	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0	45	20	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	1,600	805	795	0	0	0	300	150	155
Harari	40	20	25	1,220	550	675	0	0	0	10	5	5
Hebrew	455	225	230	19,495	10,505	8,995	0	0	0	3,680	1,930	1,750
Maltese	15	5	10	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0	20	5	20
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	31,075	15,775	15,300	10	5	5	810	415	395
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	450	235	220	0	0	0	40	20	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	192,985	87,230	105,750	0	0	0	37,425	17,185	20,240
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	19,525	8,820	10,705	0	0	0	8,730	3,975	4,755
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	173,000	78,180	94,820	0	0	0	28,630	13,180	15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	460	230	225	0	0	0	60	30	30
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	565,375	238,875	326,500	45	15	30	25,580	10,200	15,375
Bikol	195	85	110	2,115	940	1,180	0	0	0	140	55	80
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	8,215	3,425	4,790	0	0	0	465	175	290
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	18,945	7,800	11,145	5	0	0	1,050	370	685
Fijian	45	25	20	605	325	280	0	0	0	5	0	0
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	9,690	3,900	5,795	10	5	5	590	205	385
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	33,520	14,140	19,380	5	0	0	2,125	855	1,275
Indonesian	665	270	395	11,910	4,990	6,920	0	0	0	730	255	475
Kankanaey	190	80	110	1,100	465	640	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	670	275	395	0	0	0	25	10	20
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0	1,810	870	940
Merina	5	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0	1,180	545	630
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	835	415	425	0	0	0	630	325	310
Malay	135	65	70	1,330	570	760	0	0	0	75	30	50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	5,615	2,635	2,980	0	0	0	225	95	130
Pangasinan	195	95	100	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0	120	55	70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	461,150	194,805	266,345	30	5	20	17,710	7,005	10,705
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	1,625	690	935	0	0	0	65	20	45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	4,740	2,035	2,705	0	0	0	410	185	230
Creole languages	560	275	285	78,235	35,650	42,580	5	5	0	62,640	28,375	34,265
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	52,435	23,355	29,085	0	0	0	46,475	20,690	25,785
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	600	315	290	0	0	0	20	5	10
Krio	55	25	30	795	365	435	0	0	0	10	5	5
Morisyen	95	50	50	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0	3,115	1,555	1,555
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0	490	240	250
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	15,550	7,325	8,230	5	0	0	11,980	5,620	6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	2,135	1,000	1,140	0	0	0	555	255	300
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	244,165	125,180	118,990	0	0	0	18,350	9,425	8,925
Kannada	355	180	175	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0	375	215	160
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	54,050	29,375	24,670	0	0	0	1,800	945	850
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	152,850	75,010	77,845	0	0	0	14,235	7,030	7,205
Telugu	1,255	660	595	30,045	17,095	12,950	0	0	0	1,895	1,215	680
Tulu	50	25	30	615	310	305	0	0	0	25	10	15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	370	170	195	0	0	0	20	10	10
Georgian	120	70	55	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0	150	70	80
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	50	20	30	595,790	290,670	305,115
Albanian	1,330	695	630	29,265	14,690	14,580	5	0	5	3,310	1,660	1,650
Armenian	260	135	125	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0	16,890	8,225	8,670
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	648,810	297,100	351,710	10	5	10	68,295	30,855	37,435
Baltic languages	435	205	230	10,560	4,425	6,135	0	0	0	725	285	440
Latvian	170	75	95	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0	235	100	135
Lithuanian	270	130	140	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0	490	185	300
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	638,250	292,670	345,580	10	5	10	67,565	30,570	36,995
Belarusian	20	5	15	720	325	395	0	0	0	75	35	40
Bulgarian	785	395	390	19,035	9,090	9,950	0	0	0	6,735	3,240	3,495
Czech	1,190	545	650	20,025	9,215	10,815	0	0	0	1,345	625	725
Macedonian	135	70	70	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0	220	110	115
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	160,170	72,120	88,050	5	0	5	12,495	5,380	7,120
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	197,905	89,100	108,800	5	0	5	31,700	14,115	17,590
Rusyn	0	5	0	500	240	255	0	0	0	0	5	0
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	116,735	56,900	59,835	0	0	0	8,415	4,180	4,235
Bosnian	780	380	405	13,820	6,785	7,040	0	0	0	2,065	1,040	1,030
Croatian	1,755	830	925	43,500	20,755	22,740	0	0	0	2,380	1,155	1,225
Serbian	1,830	900	925	57,425	28,410	29,015	0	0	0	3,720	1,865	1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0	250	120	125
Slovak	940	465	475	15,255	6,930	8,320	0	0	0	855	380	475
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	7,965	3,425	4,535	0	0	0	600	265	335
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	84,705	38,005	46,695	0	0	0	5,065	2,220	2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	440	235	205	0	0	0	50	25	30
Celtic languages	100	55	45	2,150	1,110	1,045	0	0	0	130	80	55
Irish	30	20	15	665	355	315	0	0	0	25	20	5
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	425	210	210	0	0	0	20	10	5
Welsh	40	25	20	825	410	420	0	0	0	40	25	20
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	230	135	95	0	0	0	55	30	20
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	463,400	221,365	242,035	5	0	5	25,580	12,440	13,140
Frisian	30	15	15	1,570	800	775	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	301,570	142,580	158,990	0	0	0	21,145	10,240	10,910
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	272,865	128,250	144,615	0	0	0	11,055	5,090	5,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	210	105	100	7,575	3,740	3,835	0	0	0	1,110	565	540
Yiddish	55	25	30	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0	8,980	4,585	4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	138,655	67,815	70,840	0	0	0	3,175	1,580	1,590
Afrikaans	905	445	455	12,270	6,175	6,095	0	0	0	170	90	80
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	80,315	39,000	41,310	0	0	0	2,590	1,305	1,285
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	10	5	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0	5	0	0
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	33,200	16,410	16,785	0	0	0	10	5	10
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0	400	185	220
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	20,275	9,500	10,775	0	0	0	1,140	560	575
Danish	560	295	265	9,945	4,750	5,195	0	0	0	360	175	185
Icelandic	40	20	20	905	430	480	0	0	0	60	30	30
Norwegian	165	70	95	3,535	1,675	1,860	0	0	0	190	100	85
Swedish	235	110	125	5,890	2,645	3,245	0	0	0	530	260	275
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	1,330	670	660	0	0	0	105	50	55
Greek	1,385	640	745	93,335	45,860	47,470	5	0	0	34,080	16,735	17,345
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	15	10	5	101,450	52,780	48,665
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	10	10	5	63,025	33,465	29,555
Assamese	45	20	25	545	265	280	0	0	0	30	20	15
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	87,580	45,160	42,425	0	0	0	12,140	6,220	5,920
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	138,985	73,335	65,655	0	0	0	7,070	3,655	3,415
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	152,825	79,585	73,240	5	5	5	5,445	3,080	2,360
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0	170	80	90
Kashmiri	75	40	35	745	395	350	0	0	0	40	25	15
Konkani	160	75	85	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0	80	40	35
Marathi	980	495	480	14,145	7,330	6,810	0	0	0	520	285	235
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0	1,105	560	545
Oriya languages	95	50	40	1,775	940	835	0	0	0	65	35	30
Odia	55	30	25	1,125	615	510	0	0	0	40	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	645	325	320	0	0	0	25	10	15
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	666,585	341,515	325,065	0	0	0	23,825	12,975	10,855
Rohingya	25	10	10	545	265	280	0	0	0	115	45	70
Sindhi	285	150	135	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0	100	60	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0	725	375	350
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	235,290	118,540	116,755	0	0	0	11,320	5,860	5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0	265	150	115
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	300,555	150,160	150,390	5	5	0	38,400	19,305	19,090
Baluchi	50	30	15	555	305	250	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0	1,120	630	485
Parsi	20	10	15	555	310	240	0	0	0	35	25	15
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	19,520	10,170	9,355	0	0	0	1,490	810	680
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	262,625	130,180	132,440	5	5	0	35,615	17,770	17,850
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0	10,665	5,370	5,295
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	179,425	89,070	90,360	0	0	0	22,130	10,990	11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	25,975	13,040	12,930	5	5	0	2,820	1,410	1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	815	425	390	0	0	0	125	65	65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	305	165	140	0	0	0	30	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	10	10	5	346,000	167,870	178,130
Catalan	45	15	25	905	470	440	0	0	0	330	165	160
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	319,505	154,295	165,205	0	0	0	90,940	44,080	46,865
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	240,680	115,235	125,450	5	5	5	41,545	19,890	21,650
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	93,160	44,185	48,975	0	0	0	35,810	17,115	18,695
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	538,870	259,500	279,375	5	0	5	177,155	86,490	90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	1,165	610	550	0	0	0	225	125	105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	385	195	185	0	0	0	55	30	30
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	43,850	14,205	29,650	5	0	5	2,760	795	1,965
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	170,400	77,075	93,325	15	10	10	6,670	2,860	3,815
Mongolian	450	200	245	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0	225	90	135
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	108,295	52,850	55,440	0	0	0	33,495	16,630	16,865
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	13,120	6,400	6,720	0	0	0	985	490	490
Bamanankan	10	10	5	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0	1,490	795	700
Edo	90	45	40	1,685	745	940	0	0	0	90	40	50
Éwé	50	30	20	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0	995	535	465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0	2,665	1,380	1,285
Ga	35	20	20	815	400	415	0	0	0	70	40	30
Ganda	60	25	30	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0	50	20	30
Gikuyu	55	25	30	760	320	440	0	0	0	10	5	10
Igbo	730	380	355	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0	145	85	60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0	3,420	1,530	1,895
Lingala	55	30	20	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0	2,975	1,340	1,635
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	520	245	275	0	0	0	285	145	145
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0	405	205	205
Mwani	115	55	60	695	365	325	0	0	0	40	20	15
Ndebele	85	40	45	920	420	500	0	0	0	60	20	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0	4,585	2,165	2,415
Shona	290	130	155	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0	125	60	60
Soninke	10	5	0	505	315	190	0	0	0	270	175	95
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	520	200	320	0	0	0	25	10	10
Swahili	725	355	380	16,000	7,630	8,370	0	0	0	3,975	1,935	2,035
Wojenaka	5	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0	910	435	475
Wolof	80	40	45	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0	3,940	2,100	1,840
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	15,015	7,605	7,410	0	0	0	875	470	410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	13,000	6,405	6,590	0	0	0	5,105	2,630	2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	6,920	3,565	3,355	0	0	0	1,010	535	480
Dinka	535	295	240	1,865	1,000	865	0	0	0	10	0	5
Nuer	375	165	215	1,090	515	570	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0	845	450	400
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	575	305	270	0	0	0	155	80	75
Sign languages	230	115	110	6,955	3,710	3,250	0	0	0	1,280	680	600
American Sign Language	185	100	85	4,965	2,635	2,335	0	0	0	120	60	55
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0	930	485	445
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	1,005	555	450	0	0	0	225	130	95
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	45	20	25	87,540	40,170	47,375
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	15	5	10	87,155	39,990	47,160
Hakka	280	135	150	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0	470	200	270
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	679,255	310,750	368,510	10	5	10	57,445	26,210	31,235
Min Dong	30	15	15	1,310	665	645	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	27,805	12,415	15,390	0	0	0	2,670	1,180	1,485
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0	790	365	430
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	553,380	255,540	297,835	0	0	0	24,235	11,275	12,965
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	11,610	5,500	6,110	0	0	0	1,425	710	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	630	295	330	0	0	0	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	16,600	8,160	8,445	30	10	20	310	140	175
Burmese	255	120	135	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0	80	25	55
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	870	400	475	0	0	0	10	0	5
Karenic languages	220	110	115	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0	20	10	10
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0	15	10	10
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	615	305	315	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	635	320	325	7,025	3,475	3,545	25	10	15	130	65	65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	890	445	440	0	0	0	75	40	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	585	285	295	0	0	0	80	45	35
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	22,350	8,605	13,745	0	0	0	4,855	2,040	2,820
Lao	415	195	215	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0	3,815	1,805	2,010
Thai	620	175	445	10,455	2,960	7,495	0	0	0	1,015	220	795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	410	165	240	0	0	0	25	10	15
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	53,520	28,385	25,135	0	0	0	9,230	4,775	4,455
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0	410	250	160
Kazakh	55	20	35	540	230	305	0	0	0	50	25	20
Turkish	1,340	730	610	44,190	23,615	20,570	0	0	0	8,220	4,240	3,975
Uyghur	65	30	35	1,355	660	690	0	0	0	235	110	125
Uzbek	95	45	45	1,805	890	920	0	0	0	170	80	90
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	1,150	530	620	0	0	0	140	60	80
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	68,180	31,000	37,180	0	0	0	5,335	2,465	2,865
Estonian	70	35	35	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0	160	60	95
Finnish	240	85	155	12,200	5,075	7,120	0	0	0	305	120	190
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	51,500	23,980	27,525	0	0	0	4,865	2,290	2,575
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	1,060	540	520	0	0	0	170	95	75
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	40	15	20	308,550	155,455	153,095
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	291,325	142,420	148,905	0	0	0	126,405	64,585	61,820
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	921,480	450,685	470,800	35	20	20	49,485	24,660	24,825
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	117,910	57,875	60,040	0	0	0	94,205	46,880	47,320
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	52,880	25,900	26,975	0	0	0	28,685	14,700	13,985
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	92,095	42,330	49,765	5	0	5	9,765	4,625	5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	530	265	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	290	150	140	623,305	313,780	309,520
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	0	0	0	6,032,885	2,983,330	3,049,555
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	85	35	50	366,730	177,410	189,315
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	50,460	25,385	25,080	0	0	0	23,080	11,585	11,495
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	85	35	50	343,650	165,830	177,825
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	953,760	465,560	488,205	5	0	5	497,380	256,735	240,645
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	140	75	70	205,755	102,290	103,470
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	395,320	188,195	207,125	0	0	0	375,795	179,585	196,210
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	455,760	217,995	237,770	10	0	5	284,940	141,275	143,665
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	200,320	93,165	107,155	5	5	0	20,125	9,545	10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	530	265	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	505	250	250	8,049,665	3,987,880	4,061,785
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	365	185	180	7,387,055	3,665,020	3,722,030
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	360	185	175	874,185	438,570	435,615
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	0	0	0	6,512,870	3,226,445	3,286,420
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	145	65	75	662,615	322,860	339,750
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	85,835	42,950	42,885	0	0	0	34,245	17,040	17,200
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0	22,430	11,165	11,265
Blackfoot	35	15	20	980	495	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0	22,115	11,025	11,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0	4,330	2,275	2,055
Cree languages	25	15	15	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0	11,895	5,960	5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0	20	10	10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0	560	295	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0	2,495	1,205	1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0	35	20	20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	1,455	730	725	0	0	0	65	40	25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0	45	25	20
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0	8,680	4,370	4,310
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0	5,400	2,540	2,860
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0	490	255	240
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0	80	30	50
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0	75	30	45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0	5	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0	230	110	120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0	215	100	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0	5	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0	5	5	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0	5	5	5
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0	5	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0	11,755	5,840	5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0	11,750	5,840	5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	5	5	0	260	130	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	240	110	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	20	5	10	90	40	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0	5	5	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	145	65	75	628,365	305,820	322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	395,840	197,010	198,830	40	20	15	116,685	59,645	57,040
Berber languages	45	30	15	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0	10,635	5,585	5,045
Kabyle	35	20	15	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0	9,765	5,115	4,655
Tamazight	5	5	5	840	455	380	0	0	0	670	365	305
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	280	155	130	0	0	0	195	110	90
Chadic languages	25	10	10	835	425	410	0	0	0	335	165	170
Hausa	25	10	10	635	330	305	0	0	0	180	85	90
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0	155	75	80
Coptic	15	10	5	545	265	280	0	0	0	225	115	115
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	30,375	14,115	16,260	0	0	0	605	280	325
Bilen	130	65	70	1,645	890	760	0	0	0	10	5	10
Oromo	995	495	495	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0	5	0	0
Somali	1,010	470	535	24,410	11,075	13,335	0	0	0	580	265	315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0	10	10	0
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	352,790	176,270	176,520	35	20	15	104,890	53,505	51,380
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	14,030	6,470	7,565	0	0	0	330	155	175
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	285,915	143,650	142,260	25	15	10	102,120	52,125	49,990
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0	380	185	190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0	130	60	75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0	50	25	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	1,220	605	615	0	0	0	200	105	100
Harari	25	10	15	680	305	380	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	235	115	115	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0	1,515	760	755
Maltese	5	5	0	795	360	435	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	21,860	11,050	10,810	10	5	5	490	250	240
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	250	135	115	0	0	0	40	15	25
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	127,730	58,660	69,070	0	0	0	24,500	11,410	13,090
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,670
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	116,785	53,735	63,055	0	0	0	19,595	9,185	10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	300	160	135	0	0	0	30	15	15
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	326,245	149,550	176,700	35	10	25	13,845	6,335	7,515
Bikol	75	35	35	760	370	395	0	0	0	45	15	25
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	4,125	1,895	2,230	0	0	0	225	100	125
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	10,195	4,720	5,480	0	0	0	560	240	320
Fijian	10	5	0	200	110	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	5,015	2,265	2,750	5	5	0	320	135	185
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	18,350	8,350	10,000	5	0	0	1,175	510	665
Indonesian	225	115	110	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0	255	115	135
Kankanaey	110	50	55	585	265	320	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	320	150	170	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	725	370	355	0	0	0	610	325	285
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0	305	165	145
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	390	205	190	0	0	0	300	160	145
Malay	40	20	20	280	145	140	0	0	0	20	10	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0	125	60	65
Pangasinan	50	25	20	680	310	375	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	275,045	125,870	149,170	25	5	20	10,260	4,690	5,570
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	680	325	360	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0	185	90	90
Creole languages	325	155	170	35,195	15,455	19,740	5	0	0	26,985	11,815	15,170
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0	19,535	8,310	11,230
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	300	125	175	0	0	0	10	5	5
Krio	20	15	10	360	150	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	70	35	40	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0	1,590	765	825
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0	230	110	125
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	7,120	3,275	3,845	5	0	0	5,390	2,520	2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	870	395	475	0	0	0	220	110	120
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	169,705	85,265	84,440	0	0	0	13,800	6,935	6,865
Kannada	190	90	95	3,060	1,575	1,485	0	0	0	190	105	90
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	35,390	19,010	16,380	0	0	0	1,225	645	580
Tamil	1,395	710	680	112,335	54,240	58,095	0	0	0	11,215	5,465	5,755
Telugu	760	375	380	18,470	10,215	8,250	0	0	0	1,140	700	435
Tulu	30	15	15	240	120	120	0	0	0	15	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	205	105	105	0	0	0	20	10	5
Georgian	75	40	30	1,335	730	610	0	0	0	60	25	35
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	25	15	10	336,635	164,100	172,535
Albanian	610	325	290	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0	1,910	945	970
Armenian	140	65	75	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0	12,325	5,870	6,455
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	303,480	143,495	159,985	5	5	5	39,725	18,855	20,870
Baltic languages	195	95	95	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0	150	60	90
Latvian	70	40	35	880	395	485	0	0	0	60	30	30
Lithuanian	120	60	60	1,615	720	895	0	0	0	95	35	60
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	300,985	142,375	158,610	5	5	5	39,575	18,795	20,775
Belarusian	10	5	5	215	100	115	0	0	0	30	15	15
Bulgarian	360	175	185	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0	4,535	2,230	2,305
Czech	345	160	185	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0	375	180	200
Macedonian	70	35	35	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0	125	65	60
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	65,140	30,225	34,915	0	0	0	4,795	2,110	2,685
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	125,780	59,290	66,490	5	5	5	22,770	10,815	11,960
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	53,150	25,720	27,430	0	0	0	4,205	2,085	2,125
Bosnian	315	155	160	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0	1,075	530	545
Croatian	650	300	350	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0	945	445	505
Serbian	895	440	450	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0	2,090	1,060	1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	640	315	325	0	0	0	100	50	45
Slovak	350	165	180	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0	200	85	115
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	1,375	595	785	0	0	0	150	70	85
Ukrainian	905	435	470	27,825	13,250	14,580	0	0	0	2,375	1,135	1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0	5	5	5
Celtic languages	15	5	10	555	295	265	0	0	0	45	35	10
Irish	5	5	0	310	165	145	0	0	0	10	10	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	105	55	55	0	0	0	15	10	0
Welsh	5	0	5	100	55	45	0	0	0	5	5	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	25	15	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	140,450	68,575	71,875	0	0	0	10,320	5,250	5,075
Frisian	5	5	5	270	110	155	0	0	0	110	30	75
High German languages	665	320	345	103,780	50,460	53,325	0	0	0	9,600	4,930	4,675
German	640	305	335	86,820	41,815	45,005	0	0	0	1,685	805	880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	1,750	870	875	0	0	0	235	125	115
Yiddish	10	5	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0	7,680	4,000	3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	33,710	16,730	16,980	0	0	0	420	200	215
Afrikaans	435	215	225	6,095	3,055	3,035	0	0	0	65	30	35
Dutch	275	125	150	8,100	3,950	4,150	0	0	0	300	145	155
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	220	100	120	0	0	0	40	20	20
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0	175	85	95
Danish	40	20	20	615	280	340	0	0	0	35	15	20
Icelandic	10	5	5	175	75	95	0	0	0	25	10	15
Norwegian	15	10	5	260	125	135	0	0	0	15	10	10
Swedish	70	30	40	890	435	450	0	0	0	100	50	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0	20	5	10
Greek	430	185	245	38,300	17,490	20,810	5	0	0	15,235	7,015	8,220
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	10	5	5	74,455	38,045	36,410
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	962,820	490,815	472,000	10	5	5	46,420	24,225	22,195
Assamese	20	10	15	215	110	110	0	0	0	5	5	0
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	56,750	28,435	28,315	0	0	0	8,760	4,360	4,405
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	92,005	47,790	44,215	0	0	0	4,630	2,360	2,270
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	91,930	47,555	44,375	5	0	5	3,525	1,915	1,615
Kacchi	565	235	325	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0	95	45	55
Kashmiri	50	25	30	270	130	140	0	0	0	10	5	5
Konkani	70	35	35	880	415	470	0	0	0	20	10	5
Marathi	565	285	280	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0	255	135	120
Nepali	1,565	805	765	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0	880	445	430
Oriya languages	40	20	20	795	420	375	0	0	0	10	5	5
Odia	25	15	10	525	275	250	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	270	145	130	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	520,390	266,775	253,610	0	0	0	19,290	10,435	8,855
Rohingya	10	5	5	410	195	215	0	0	0	80	30	45
Sindhi	165	85	75	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0	425	225	205
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	158,040	78,420	79,615	0	0	0	8,250	4,160	4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0	150	80	70
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	204,420	99,545	104,875	0	0	0	28,020	13,810	14,210
Baluchi	30	15	15	330	170	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	735	355	380	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0	625	325	300
Parsi	10	5	5	280	130	150	0	0	0	15	10	5
Pashto	1,215	625	595	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0	1,110	590	520
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	179,745	87,075	92,670	0	0	0	26,205	12,850	13,355
Dari	1,710	830	880	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0	7,595	3,780	3,815
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	125,840	61,060	64,780	0	0	0	16,660	8,135	8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0	1,950	940	1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	475	250	225	0	0	0	65	35	35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	125	70	55	0	0	0	20	15	5
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	577,735	273,965	303,770	5	5	5	182,585	88,060	94,525
Catalan	25	10	15	370	185	190	0	0	0	135	70	65
Italian	945	425	520	92,755	38,750	54,005	0	0	0	26,290	11,205	15,085
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	118,730	56,685	62,045	5	5	5	20,885	9,965	10,920
Romanian	1,980	980	995	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	0	22,255	10,895	11,355
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	317,365	155,005	162,360	0	0	0	112,915	55,870	57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0	105	55	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	190	95	95	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	1,075	455	615	20,055	8,290	11,765	5	0	5	1,155	455	700
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	125,525	58,250	67,275	0	0	0	4,760	2,135	2,630
Mongolian	305	135	170	1,050	505	545	0	0	0	145	70	80
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	38,600	18,055	20,545	0	0	0	10,160	4,895	5,265
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0	485	235	245
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0	385	195	195
Edo	5	5	5	365	150	215	0	0	0	25	10	10
Éwé	10	5	10	470	225	245	0	0	0	225	115	110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	850	445	410
Ga	15	5	5	260	115	150	0	0	0	30	15	15
Ganda	15	5	10	555	260	295	0	0	0	5	0	5
Gikuyu	10	5	5	105	50	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	195	100	100	1,530	770	765	0	0	0	20	10	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0	965	415	545
Lingala	35	10	20	1,520	655	860	0	0	0	930	410	525
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	90	35	60	0	0	0	20	5	20
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mwani	20	10	5	160	85	75	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ndebele	40	20	20	295	130	160	0	0	0	10	0	5
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0	1,655	775	875
Shona	85	35	50	1,035	480	555	0	0	0	45	20	25
Soninke	10	5	5	235	145	85	0	0	0	105	75	35
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	130	45	85	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swahili	275	125	145	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0	1,665	810	855
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0	245	100	145
Wolof	50	25	20	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0	1,470	795	675
Yoruba	615	290	325	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0	240	115	130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0	720	320	400
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0	395	195	200
Dinka	325	185	145	900	485	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	255	110	145	645	295	355	0	0	0	5	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	1,465	705	760	0	0	0	365	180	185
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	140	75	70	0	0	0	25	15	10
Sign languages	380	210	165	12,160	7,005	5,160	0	0	0	2,235	1,285	945
American Sign Language	295	160	135	8,175	4,660	3,515	0	0	0	300	165	135
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0	1,385	775	615
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	2,520	1,515	1,000	0	0	0	550	345	205
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	967,965	450,210	517,755	25	10	15	67,120	31,725	35,390
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	955,685	444,115	511,565	5	5	5	66,880	31,610	35,275
Hakka	80	30	50	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0	150	65	80
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	530,945	249,675	281,270	5	5	5	46,925	22,275	24,650
Min Dong	5	5	5	775	370	405	0	0	0	15	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0	1,510	680	835
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0	535	260	275
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	393,430	180,000	213,435	0	0	0	16,860	7,870	8,985
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	6,985	3,360	3,625	0	0	0	870	445	430
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	225	110	115	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	11,990	5,960	6,035	20	10	15	190	90	100
Burmese	160	75	80	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0	40	15	25
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	660	320	340	0	0	0	0	5	0
Karenic languages	165	80	85	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0	10	5	5
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0	10	5	5
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	440	225	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	485	250	235	5,395	2,680	2,705	20	10	15	75	40	40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	465	225	240	0	0	0	60	30	35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	290	135	155	0	0	0	40	25	20
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	10,120	4,660	5,460	0	0	0	2,325	1,095	1,230
Lao	175	80	95	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065
Thai	240	110	125	3,955	1,725	2,230	0	0	0	255	95	160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	210	85	125	0	0	0	10	0	5
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	32,490	16,530	15,960	0	0	0	6,005	3,005	3,000
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0	175	95	75
Kazakh	15	10	5	105	55	50	0	0	0	10	5	5
Turkish	910	470	440	27,970	14,290	13,685	0	0	0	5,540	2,780	2,765
Uyghur	35	15	20	850	420	435	0	0	0	145	65	85
Uzbek	40	15	25	950	470	480	0	0	0	95	45	50
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	410	195	210	0	0	0	35	20	15
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	18,790	8,625	10,165	0	0	0	1,505	670	830
Estonian	5	0	5	615	245	370	0	0	0	15	10	5
Finnish	35	20	15	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0	45	20	25
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	16,295	7,550	8,745	0	0	0	1,445	645	805
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	390	195	195	0	0	0	55	25	25
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	30	15	10	357,245	176,070	181,175
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	230,955	112,070	118,880	0	0	0	137,120	69,025	68,095
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	30	15	10	60,495	29,540	30,950
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	125,525	60,405	65,125	0	0	0	116,595	56,445	60,150
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	56,805	27,370	29,430	0	0	0	39,875	19,575	20,300
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	26,705	12,190	14,515	0	0	0	3,160	1,485	1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	530	265	270	8,406,905	4,163,945	4,242,960
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	395	195	200	7,302,915	3,612,760	3,690,155
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	35	20	20	353,690	183,470	170,225
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	571,040	268,530	302,510	5	0	5	259,425	127,380	132,040
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	65	35	35	269,715	129,830	139,890
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	63,565	29,285	34,280	0	0	0	5,315	2,495	2,820
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	65	35	35	264,405	127,330	137,070
English and French	1,235	595	640	86,185	42,600	43,585	5	0	0	61,955	31,425	30,525
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	323,845	161,995	161,850	10	5	5	76,755	38,765	37,990
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	134,565	61,575	72,995	5	5	0	55,860	26,915	28,945
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	11,870	5,975	5,895	0	0	0	7,295	3,700	3,595
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	234,905	115,470	119,430	10	5	0	19,290	9,695	9,595
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	595	280	315	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	565	265	305	8,227,220	4,091,995	4,135,230
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	565	265	305	4,317,180	2,253,720	2,063,465
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	55	15	40	7,786,735	3,864,990	3,921,750
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	360	180	175	1,853,710	899,285	954,430
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	243,155	116,360	126,795	0	0	0	50,165	24,530	25,640
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	163,815	78,135	85,675	0	0	0	35,985	17,600	18,380
Blackfoot	460	180	275	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	105,850	50,975	54,870	0	0	0	33,860	16,570	17,290
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0	6,770	3,435	3,330
Cree languages	520	215	305	87,875	42,340	45,530	0	0	0	17,930	8,910	9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0	50	20	40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0	855	425	430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0	4,230	2,040	2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0	75	35	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0	265	120	145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0	90	45	45
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0	12,650	6,365	6,285
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0	8,710	3,990	4,720
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0	1,000	495	505
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0	370	210	160
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0	370	205	160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0	1,945	900	1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0	1,750	800	955
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0	210	110	100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0	155	75	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0	10	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0	60	30	30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0	55	25	20
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0	95	50	45
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0	90	50	40
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0	10	10	0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0	65	40	25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	775	355	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0	20	20	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0	35	15	15
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	175	75	100	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	42,795	20,980	21,820	0	0	0	13,900	6,750	7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0	15	0	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	35	10	30	41,680	20,495	21,185	0	0	0	13,880	6,740	7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0	10	0	10
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0	240	125	110
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0	215	110	100
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0	20	20	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	10	20	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0	35	15	15
Salish languages	20	20	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0	30	30	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0	20	20	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0	10	10	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assiniboine	15	0	15	370	195	175	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	20	20	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	170	90	80	925	470	455	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	325	180	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0	10	0	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0	10	10	0
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0	65	45	15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	855	405	450	0	0	0	95	50	45
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	360	180	175	1,804,195	875,095	929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	90	55	35	385,210	201,105	184,100
Berber languages	275	175	95	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0	39,965	21,145	18,820
Kabyle	165	90	70	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0	35,660	18,725	16,930
Tamazight	80	60	20	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0	3,840	2,160	1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	1,330	750	575	0	0	0	1,000	545	455
Chadic languages	350	215	135	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0	2,900	1,550	1,350
Hausa	340	210	135	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0	1,250	725	525
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0	1,650	825	825
Coptic	85	35	45	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0	1,150	580	575
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	71,930	34,430	37,500	0	0	0	2,145	990	1,160
Bilen	235	130	105	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0	25	15	10
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0	55	20	35
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	59,005	27,735	31,270	0	0	0	2,025	925	1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0	100	45	50
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	70	45	25	363,875	190,005	173,870
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	48,305	23,910	24,395	0	0	0	1,225	605	620
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	838,045	436,510	401,540	25	15	10	343,675	179,750	163,930
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	39,655	19,690	19,965	0	0	0	935	460	480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0	205	110	100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0	80	45	35
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0	660	310	345
Harari	80	45	35	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0	15	10	0
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	83,205	42,515	40,685	0	0	0	19,210	9,935	9,275
Maltese	30	15	15	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0	40	20	25
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	45,970	23,120	22,845	45	25	20	1,010	490	520
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0	165	90	70
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	260,030	120,035	139,995	0	0	0	49,720	23,320	26,405
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0	12,785	5,930	6,855
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	232,800	107,435	125,355	0	0	0	37,655	17,735	19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	910	455	455	0	0	0	105	60	45
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	793,275	336,445	456,840	100	40	65	40,880	16,660	24,225
Bikol	505	265	240	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0	340	150	190
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	10,990	4,625	6,375	0	0	0	655	285	370
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	33,045	13,790	19,250	0	0	0	1,940	625	1,315
Fijian	90	50	40	1,765	900	865	0	0	0	10	10	0
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	16,385	6,650	9,735	0	0	0	1,215	470	745
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	61,680	25,280	36,400	15	10	10	3,845	1,565	2,280
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	19,815	8,895	10,915	0	0	0	1,510	625	885
Kankanaey	250	105	145	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0	85	45	45
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	860	345	510	0	0	0	85	25	60
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0	3,265	1,670	1,595
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	2,215	1,140	1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	1,565	785	780	0	0	0	1,085	570	515
Malay	780	350	430	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0	595	275	320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0	460	195	265
Pangasinan	460	235	225	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0	200	90	105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	737,565	310,735	426,830	100	40	65	33,810	13,330	20,480
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0	215	100	115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	20,140	8,785	11,355	0	0	0	1,645	655	990
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	184,840	85,045	99,790	15	10	0	135,275	62,040	73,235
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	134,895	61,215	73,680	0	0	0	118,010	53,530	64,480
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0	340	165	175
Krio	125	60	60	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0	75	25	50
Morisyen	355	170	185	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0	6,810	3,480	3,330
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0	1,070	570	500
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	31,220	14,400	16,825	15	10	0	17,995	8,440	9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	9,585	4,575	5,005	0	0	0	3,010	1,380	1,630
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	359,485	185,160	174,325	0	0	0	25,390	13,070	12,320
Kannada	1,075	550	530	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0	925	530	395
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	77,910	42,025	35,890	0	0	0	2,530	1,325	1,200
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	237,890	119,570	118,320	0	0	0	20,050	9,955	10,100
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	54,685	30,575	24,110	0	0	0	3,260	2,055	1,205
Tulu	70	35	35	1,765	935	835	0	0	0	80	30	50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	970	450	520	0	0	0	95	55	40
Georgian	220	120	100	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0	245	110	135
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	65	35	25	1,014,365	490,155	524,215
Albanian	1,825	990	840	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0	4,545	2,315	2,230
Armenian	460	265	195	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0	22,100	10,785	11,310
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	820,305	384,390	435,915	0	0	0	95,385	45,060	50,330
Baltic languages	485	220	270	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0	1,105	465	635
Latvian	155	65	90	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0	440	180	260
Lithuanian	330	155	175	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0	660	290	375
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	809,985	380,025	429,960	0	0	0	94,580	44,695	49,885
Belarusian	85	30	50	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0	410	185	230
Bulgarian	985	445	540	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0	8,110	3,950	4,165
Czech	1,940	970	970	28,625	13,595	15,030	0	0	0	2,165	1,040	1,120
Macedonian	290	135	150	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0	455	205	250
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	204,460	94,135	110,325	0	0	0	16,790	7,555	9,235
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	309,235	145,375	163,860	0	0	0	55,485	26,345	29,135
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0	15	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	155,775	76,800	78,975	0	0	0	11,145	5,505	5,635
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0	3,060	1,520	1,540
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	73,845	36,015	37,830	0	0	0	4,710	2,300	2,405
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0	5,285	2,560	2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0	315	175	140
Slovak	1,295	590	700	20,905	9,455	11,450	0	0	0	1,380	630	750
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	10,650	4,715	5,935	0	0	0	810	340	465
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	131,655	59,230	72,425	0	0	0	10,185	4,575	5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0	110	60	55
Celtic languages	435	245	190	10,485	5,430	5,055	0	0	0	665	375	295
Irish	205	125	85	5,360	2,940	2,415	0	0	0	300	180	120
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	2,170	1,050	1,120	0	0	0	135	85	45
Welsh	135	80	60	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0	85	45	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	910	495	415	0	0	0	165	90	80
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	658,705	319,800	338,905	0	0	0	65,625	33,305	32,320
Frisian	55	20	35	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0	65	20	45
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	453,995	222,215	231,780	0	0	0	57,640	29,540	28,105
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	419,195	204,840	214,355	0	0	0	44,170	22,715	21,450
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	350	165	185	10,465	5,025	5,440	0	0	0	1,615	785	830
Yiddish	110	65	40	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0	12,825	6,540	6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	191,840	93,435	98,405	0	0	0	6,410	3,140	3,265
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0	580	295	285
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	107,985	51,330	56,650	0	0	0	5,170	2,565	2,600
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0	10	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0	40	0	30
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0	735	340	400
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	37,500	17,205	20,300	0	0	0	3,335	1,630	1,705
Danish	940	480	460	14,700	6,805	7,900	0	0	0	860	395	460
Icelandic	50	15	35	1,475	685	790	0	0	0	90	35	55
Norwegian	380	165	215	8,860	4,180	4,675	0	0	0	735	375	360
Swedish	630	275	355	14,620	6,765	7,855	0	0	0	1,905	980	920
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0	215	115	100
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	145,060	71,685	73,375	10	10	0	50,375	24,835	25,540
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	30	20	10	136,020	71,180	64,840
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	30	20	10	90,745	48,355	42,395
Assamese	80	45	35	1,155	590	565	0	0	0	75	40	30
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	120,605	62,330	58,270	0	0	0	16,170	8,320	7,850
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	209,415	110,000	99,405	0	0	0	10,640	5,590	5,050
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	761,425	395,410	366,015	30	20	10	35,765	19,145	16,620
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0	375	155	220
Kashmiri	190	95	95	1,830	965	865	0	0	0	115	65	50
Konkani	425	200	230	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0	235	130	105
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0	1,160	620	545
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	30,660	15,680	14,980	0	0	0	1,375	740	635
Oriya languages	105	45	55	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0	105	50	60
Odia	15	10	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0	45	25	20
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	1,550	755	795	0	0	0	60	25	40
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	942,170	488,075	454,090	0	0	0	34,290	18,580	15,710
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0	250	110	145
Sindhi	630	360	270	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0	230	115	115
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	33,050	16,645	16,400	0	0	0	1,610	860	755
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	414,870	211,895	202,975	0	0	0	21,180	11,325	9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0	770	445	320
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	370,520	186,750	183,770	0	0	0	48,105	24,410	23,695
Baluchi	65	35	30	985	565	420	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0	1,805	1,045	755
Parsi	10	10	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0	135	80	55
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0	2,210	1,235	975
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	326,285	163,665	162,620	0	0	0	44,745	22,585	22,160
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0	13,235	6,845	6,390
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	222,160	111,750	110,415	0	0	0	27,430	13,785	13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	0	4,595	2,255	2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	1,830	970	855	0	0	0	290	180	115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0	170	100	65
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	20	15	10	684,830	324,095	360,735
Catalan	100	45	60	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0	1,250	725	530
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	547,655	263,950	283,705	0	0	0	168,040	82,400	85,645
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	336,865	164,985	171,880	15	10	0	65,605	33,005	32,600
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	116,520	55,570	60,950	0	0	0	44,510	21,425	23,090
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	0	0	0	453,905	210,400	243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0	1,105	670	435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0	285	150	135
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	98,070	43,380	54,690	20	0	20	9,305	4,485	4,820
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	203,885	92,275	111,605	0	0	0	9,265	3,920	5,350
Mongolian	640	300	335	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0	320	125	195
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	267,520	131,495	136,025	30	20	10	75,835	37,990	37,845
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0	2,385	1,270	1,115
Bamanankan	35	20	15	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0	3,525	1,810	1,720
Edo	310	165	145	4,945	2,315	2,630	0	0	0	365	190	175
Éwé	100	45	55	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0	2,365	1,285	1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0	5,820	2,995	2,825
Ga	275	140	140	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0	375	225	150
Ganda	110	60	45	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0	280	135	150
Gikuyu	155	70	85	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0	80	25	55
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	18,365	9,345	9,020	0	0	0	745	435	315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0	5,740	2,675	3,065
Lingala	395	185	210	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0	14,985	7,255	7,730
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0	1,205	600	605
Mòoré	15	10	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0	1,615	810	805
Mwani	255	140	110	1,080	585	490	0	0	0	80	45	35
Ndebele	125	65	65	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0	180	85	95
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0	7,310	3,490	3,825
Shona	580	270	310	7,280	3,440	3,845	0	0	0	345	190	155
Soninke	20	10	10	1,010	650	360	0	0	0	570	375	195
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	1,305	580	725	0	0	0	85	40	45
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	57,295	28,950	28,340	0	0	0	12,270	6,225	6,040
Wojenaka	35	25	10	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0	2,195	1,100	1,095
Wolof	230	130	100	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0	9,930	5,325	4,595
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	50,935	25,265	25,675	25	20	10	3,100	1,610	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	43,625	21,935	21,685	0	0	0	17,915	9,215	8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0	1,865	905	960
Dinka	815	435	380	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0	10	0	0
Nuer	440	200	240	1,490	685	805	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0	1,845	895	950
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	995	555	440
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	49,535	19,685	29,850	0	0	0	8,070	3,485	4,580
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	37,620	14,430	23,195	0	0	0	1,310	575	735
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0	5,740	2,340	3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	7,450	3,515	3,940	0	0	0	1,555	830	725
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	65	35	30	107,415	49,840	57,575
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	35	20	20	106,915	49,630	57,285
Hakka	390	160	235	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0	810	370	445
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	987,300	452,995	534,305	35	20	20	80,520	37,100	43,420
Min Dong	35	25	15	1,825	840	980	0	0	0	70	35	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	51,755	22,840	28,920	0	0	0	4,310	1,855	2,455
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0	1,255	565	685
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	724,925	335,185	389,740	0	0	0	34,030	15,430	18,600
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	11,720	5,695	6,020	0	0	0	1,500	785	715
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	1,185	560	625	0	0	0	245	125	120
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	22,300	10,955	11,345	25	15	10	465	190	275
Burmese	495	245	250	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0	135	30	110
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	365	180	190	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0	35	10	25
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0	20	0	15
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	845	395	450	0	0	0	15	0	10
Tibetan	765	395	370	9,160	4,565	4,590	20	15	0	190	100	95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0	130	60	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	1,220	540	680	0	0	0	100	60	45
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	33,705	14,255	19,440	0	0	0	7,330	3,170	4,160
Lao	595	300	295	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0	5,485	2,595	2,885
Thai	1,160	445	710	18,575	6,955	11,615	0	0	0	2,720	920	1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	800	330	465	0	0	0	40	15	25
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	91,375	47,575	43,800	0	0	0	17,795	8,940	8,850
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0	995	570	425
Kazakh	170	75	95	1,415	600	815	0	0	0	125	60	65
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	78,500	41,130	37,365	0	0	0	16,195	8,135	8,065
Uyghur	110	30	80	1,660	790	875	0	0	0	350	155	200
Uzbek	180	80	100	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0	320	155	170
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0	350	165	185
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	85,055	39,290	45,765	0	0	0	7,595	3,485	4,115
Estonian	125	55	70	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0	230	90	140
Finnish	360	170	190	15,325	6,735	8,590	0	0	0	525	250	270
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	64,625	30,320	34,300	0	0	0	6,850	3,145	3,705
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0	835	430	405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	600	280	320	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	10	0	10	205,010	101,150	103,865
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	10	0	10	193,365	95,320	98,045
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	0	0	0	116,550	56,080	60,475
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	624,220	306,220	318,000	10	0	10	61,010	31,620	29,390
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	70,540	34,645	35,895	0	0	0	15,800	7,620	8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	28,855	13,645	15,215	0	0	0	3,135	1,575	1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	35,225	16,620	18,610	0	0	0	8,515	4,245	4,265
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	585	280	310	8,103,470	4,025,710	4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	600	280	320	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	831,720	402,310	429,405	0	0	0	76,775	37,825	38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	600	280	320	8,231,705	4,089,030	4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	65	...	...	2,245,605	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	185	...	...	1,497,010	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	60	...	...	515,590	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	195	...	...	3,233,445	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	132,060	...	...	0	...	...	32,020	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	35	...	...	623,295	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	120	...	...	1,173,600	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	45	...	...	1,189,790	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	55	...	...	730,330	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	130	...	...	1,378,765	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	30	...	...	645,635	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	10	...	...	435,225	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	45	...	...	403,225	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	40	...	...	886,180	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	5.1	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	230	...	...	3,700,720	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	353,715	...	...	25	...	...	48,315	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	225	...	...	3,606,260	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	805,650	...	...	30	...	...	142,775	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	35	...	...	879,375	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	100	...	...	1,114,690	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	35	...	...	509,120	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	15	...	...	385,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	959,860	...	...	15	...	...	198,595	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	20	...	...	231,930	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	967,540	...	...	0	...	...	212,290	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	30	...	...	217,715	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	220	...	...	3,512,925	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	919,545	...	...	30	...	...	236,110	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	120	...	...	2,097,670	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	110	...	...	1,561,495	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	687,485	...	...	20	...	...	89,875	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	424,695	...	...	20	...	...	117,525	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	85	...	...	525,540	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	50	...	...	647,165	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	45	...	...	628,630	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	40	...	...	760,395	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	15	...	...	629,965	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	0	...	...	336,170	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	457,900	...	...	0	...	...	103,640	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	250	...	...	3,706,605	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	185	...	...	3,110,920	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	70	...	...	595,690	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	65	...	...	542,060	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	250	...	...	3,749,035	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	115	...	...	901,440	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	55	...	...	537,090	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	595,110	...	...	20	...	...	112,775	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	645,465	...	...	20	...	...	179,840	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	135,770	...	...	0	...	...	15,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	199,355	...	...	10	...	...	41,740	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	64,095	...	...	0	...	...	13,135	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	10,630	...	...	0	...	...	1,395	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	140	...	...	2,847,590	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	250	...	...	3,652,985	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	50	...	...	218,275	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	200	...	...	3,434,710	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	65	...	...	2,227,470	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	61.5	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	14.8	...	...	23.1	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...	2.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,840	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,800	...	...	1,195	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	618,500	...	...	600,000	...	...	376,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	190	...	...	1,493,510	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	33.2	...	...	28.9	...	...	25.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	20.0	...	...	27.0	...	...	11.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,140	...	...	810	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,290	...	...	886	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...	6,425	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	...	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	...	...	...	449	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	600	280	315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	985,200	480,950	504,245	0	0	0	177,300	86,310	90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	963,705	470,850	492,855	0	0	0	174,610	85,025	89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	763,230	371,400	391,825	0	0	0	140,690	68,395	72,300
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	146,010	72,680	73,325	0	0	0	20,510	10,205	10,310
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	54,475	26,770	27,700	0	0	0	13,410	6,425	6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0	2,685	1,280	1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0	1,830	865	965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0	760	365	400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0	55	40	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0	45	20	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	10	0	10	203,425	96,595	106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	10	0	10	200,985	95,520	105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	801,630	384,550	417,075	0	0	0	177,925	84,210	93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	362,130	174,975	187,150	0	0	0	19,935	9,910	10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	19,595	9,450	10,150	0	0	0	3,120	1,405	1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	35,930	16,605	19,320	0	0	0	2,435	1,070	1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	31,815	14,790	17,025	0	0	0	1,800	775	1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	2,785	1,190	1,595	0	0	0	535	240	295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	1,005	500	505	0	0	0	45	25	20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0	60	25	30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	585	280	305	7,927,760	3,943,960	3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	595	285	315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	390	190	200	7,790,215	3,862,365	3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	95	50	45	1,570,720	805,100	765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	300	145	155	6,219,495	3,057,265	3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	205	90	115	518,265	264,490	253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	595	285	315	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	305	160	150	6,892,110	3,424,400	3,467,705
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	280	115	160	1,210,600	588,960	621,640
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	0	0	0	187,200	91,895	95,300
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	924,320	443,805	480,520	20	0	20	124,610	61,850	62,755
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	0	0	0	190,495	91,635	98,860
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	35	15	20	312,210	150,825	161,390
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	215	100	115	396,090	192,745	203,340
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	100	50	50	193,345	93,485	99,855
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	115	50	65	202,740	99,260	103,480
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	924,850	499,490	425,365	10	10	0	205,770	113,500	92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	280	115	160	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	748,265	377,795	370,470	15	15	0	112,295	56,755	55,540
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	30	20	10	201,385	101,555	99,835
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	55	25	25	213,035	96,175	116,860
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	145	35	105	594,845	292,975	301,875
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	797,180	364,260	432,920	35	15	15	89,045	41,505	47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	280	115	160	1,210,600	588,955	621,645
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	25	10	15	264,885	121,740	143,145
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	48,450	22,405	26,050	0	0	0	9,705	4,520	5,180
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	80,570	36,675	43,900	0	0	0	29,670	13,540	16,125
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0	11,515	5,780	5,730
Guyana	740	340	400	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0	2,350	1,090	1,260
Haiti	510	295	220	99,945	44,585	55,360	0	0	0	86,105	38,285	47,820
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	145,360	63,430	81,925	0	0	0	4,485	1,900	2,590
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	90,585	42,215	48,370	0	0	0	17,390	7,935	9,455
Peru	1,070	470	595	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0	13,885	6,295	7,595
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	65,035	29,110	35,930	0	0	0	3,820	1,660	2,160
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	256,090	115,380	140,705	0	0	0	24,945	12,195	12,745
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	250,760	116,305	134,460	0	0	0	61,020	28,545	32,480
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	15	0	15	309,015	154,110	154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0	4,015	1,995	2,025
Croatia	1,330	620	705	36,675	18,115	18,560	0	0	0	2,015	1,050	960
France	1,265	645	620	121,525	63,845	57,685	0	0	0	93,160	49,870	43,290
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	126,470	60,560	65,915	0	0	0	8,385	4,095	4,295
Greece	865	455	415	54,715	27,050	27,665	0	0	0	16,130	7,790	8,340
Hungary	1,550	740	815	31,050	14,595	16,450	0	0	0	2,930	1,455	1,475
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	204,065	101,445	102,625	0	0	0	43,975	21,940	22,040
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	75,830	39,020	36,810	0	0	0	1,655	870	785
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	135,030	60,660	74,370	0	0	0	9,670	4,120	5,555
Portugal	990	505	485	128,795	62,880	65,910	0	0	0	17,000	8,190	8,805
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	86,770	40,820	45,955	0	0	0	27,515	12,990	14,530
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	81,840	35,185	46,650	0	0	0	11,690	4,865	6,825
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0	1,610	760	850
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	81,135	36,840	44,295	0	0	0	9,660	4,310	5,350
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	464,135	229,710	234,430	0	0	0	12,290	6,575	5,715
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	271,725	131,935	139,790	0	0	0	47,310	23,240	24,075
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	821,735	412,365	409,375	80	55	30	302,010	153,655	148,355
Algeria	630	310	315	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0	72,835	37,535	35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0	15,595	7,460	8,140
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	73,710	38,730	34,980	0	0	0	20,325	10,520	9,805
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	31,385	16,575	14,815	20	10	0	600	305	300
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	41,715	19,955	21,760	10	0	0	1,045	485	565
Morocco	870	445	425	81,775	41,085	40,685	0	0	0	68,865	34,810	34,060
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	81,290	41,665	39,620	30	15	10	2,210	1,185	1,025
Somalia	1,580	775	805	32,500	14,600	17,900	0	0	0	675	330	350
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	51,590	25,740	25,855	0	0	0	1,025	575	450
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	314,995	157,170	157,825	10	0	0	118,820	60,455	58,360
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	155	60	100	332,925	158,445	174,475
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0	9,545	4,825	4,725
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	182,940	92,300	90,645	0	0	0	20,235	10,020	10,215
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0	4,085	2,110	1,980
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	95,725	50,675	45,055	0	0	0	42,280	22,610	19,670
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0	26,845	13,675	13,170
Turkey	1,085	540	545	35,270	18,835	16,435	0	0	0	7,450	3,850	3,605
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	715,835	317,970	397,860	30	15	15	52,500	23,010	29,490
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	213,855	100,480	113,375	0	0	0	4,900	2,385	2,520
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	138,355	63,025	75,325	0	0	0	5,180	2,275	2,905
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	65,365	28,725	36,635	0	0	0	2,500	1,015	1,485
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	719,580	305,115	414,460	70	25	55	31,350	11,835	19,515
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	182,095	82,670	99,425	0	0	0	25,485	11,580	13,900
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	70,090	35,675	34,415	0	0	0	8,965	4,510	4,455
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	898,050	451,120	446,930	20	15	10	24,990	12,770	12,225
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	234,105	118,390	115,715	0	0	0	11,250	5,970	5,285
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	136,240	66,215	70,030	0	0	0	10,910	5,350	5,560
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	375,340	175,930	199,410	10	0	10	44,455	20,665	23,790
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	61,965	31,055	30,910	0	0	0	1,765	1,010	750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	115	50	65	202,740	99,265	103,480
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	154,490	74,275	80,215	20	10	10	30,910	14,985	15,920
Brazil	840	355	490	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0	2,575	1,170	1,410
Colombia	615	245	370	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0	4,295	1,985	2,315
Haiti	105	55	45	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0	8,600	4,210	4,395
Jamaica	475	215	255	15,155	7,740	7,420	0	0	0	215	130	90
Mexico	1,265	645	615	17,150	8,405	8,745	0	0	0	2,520	1,240	1,280
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	39,875	19,790	20,085	0	0	0	4,140	2,170	1,975
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0	1,690	670	1,020
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	33,350	15,785	17,570	0	0	0	6,860	3,420	3,440
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	134,425	69,310	65,120	0	0	0	33,705	17,520	16,185
France	200	95	105	27,175	14,560	12,610	0	0	0	20,980	11,325	9,655
Germany	225	105	120	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0	530	295	240
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	0	0	100	85	15
Italy	260	160	105	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0	700	420	285
Russian Federation	635	235	405	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0	1,365	515	850
Ukraine	680	295	385	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0	1,660	720	940
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	22,755	13,550	9,200	0	0	0	975	615	360
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	43,120	21,160	21,960	0	0	0	7,395	3,550	3,845
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	206,965	102,875	104,090	30	25	10	70,310	34,215	36,095
Algeria	60	15	50	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0	13,975	6,730	7,245
Burundi	40	15	25	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0	2,290	1,170	1,120
Cameroon	380	170	210	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0	8,830	4,180	4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0	4,055	1,875	2,180
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0	6,305	3,055	3,255
Egypt	595	300	300	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0	2,385	1,255	1,135
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0	300	160	135
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0	155	75	75
Morocco	210	95	110	12,835	6,025	6,810	0	0	0	9,515	4,435	5,080
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	40,360	20,575	19,780	20	15	0	995	525	470
Somalia	310	140	170	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0	75	40	30
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0	190	100	85
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0	100	55	45
Tunisia	95	65	30	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0	6,640	3,375	3,260
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	38,960	19,250	19,715	0	0	0	14,505	7,175	7,330
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	823,205	393,110	430,090	65	25	45	67,305	32,185	35,120
Afghanistan	845	405	435	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0	2,515	1,250	1,265
Bangladesh	630	310	320	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0	1,190	565	625
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	118,035	50,365	67,665	0	0	0	10,735	4,680	6,055
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0	150	70	75
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	246,995	128,205	118,790	0	0	0	8,460	4,430	4,030
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0	4,135	1,895	2,235
Iraq	945	440	505	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0	715	385	325
Israel	340	185	150	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0	395	205	185
Japan	170	25	140	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0	325	75	250
Jordan	165	90	70	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0	565	285	275
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0	1,355	585	775
Lebanon	425	215	210	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0	3,620	1,925	1,700
Nepal	460	235	230	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0	245	140	100
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	36,255	18,070	18,190	0	0	0	2,160	1,135	1,025
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	151,490	66,720	84,765	35	10	25	8,480	3,560	4,920
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0	1,390	790	600
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0	710	320	385
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0	13,390	6,960	6,425
Turkey	405	175	225	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0	800	450	355
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0	975	510	470
Viet Nam	955	310	640	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0	1,620	605	1,010
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	30,410	13,035	17,375	0	0	0	3,390	1,355	2,035
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	9,160	5,335	3,825	0	0	0	510	355	160
Australia	435	230	205	6,535	3,845	2,685	0	0	0	295	195	95
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0	220	160	60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	595	280	320	8,308,480	4,126,860	4,181,625
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	305	135	170	1,471,845	728,125	743,715
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	110	65	50	883,485	446,000	437,490
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	180	80	100	5,953,145	2,952,730	3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	275	120	160	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	130	60	70	559,935	290,040	269,895
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	60	20	40	267,870	161,125	106,740
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	70	35	35	292,070	128,915	163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	75	15	55	272,255	109,735	162,515
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	75	45	30	175,740	89,995	85,740
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	91,900	42,145	49,755	0	0	0	15,470	7,290	8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	275	120	160	1,023,400	497,055	526,340
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	416,105	222,895	193,205	0	0	0	89,850	47,360	42,495
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	705,405	324,370	381,035	55	15	40	94,185	46,445	47,740
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	183,250	92,135	91,110	0	0	0	25,505	13,385	12,115
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	377,130	188,535	188,590	20	0	15	48,805	27,680	21,130
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	39,540	15,685	23,855	0	0	0	8,935	3,495	5,440
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	205	100	105	756,120	358,700	397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	600	280	320	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,625
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	360	190	175	1,340,735	662,065	678,670
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	30	25	0	127,990	67,140	60,850
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	40	25	15	115,240	51,375	63,865
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	105	60	40	422,405	206,335	216,070
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	957,355	427,755	529,600	100	40	65	44,885	19,300	25,580
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	694,015	362,845	331,170	0	0	0	280,075	146,990	133,085
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	580,235	281,030	299,200	0	0	0	172,925	85,035	87,880
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	390,340	184,120	206,220	0	0	0	70,455	33,510	36,945
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	360,495	181,795	178,695	0	0	0	43,985	22,250	21,735
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	218,140	101,855	116,285	0	0	0	10,360	4,825	5,535
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	98,890	42,315	56,575	25	0	20	5,305	2,190	3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	172,885	83,310	89,580	25	15	10	12,150	6,020	6,125
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	331,805	160,790	171,010	0	0	0	34,960	17,080	17,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	235	90	145	6,967,745	3,464,790	3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	595	280	315	8,308,475	4,126,860	4,181,625
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	15	10	10	2,412,040	1,186,160	1,225,880
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	45	20	25	177,710	88,910	88,800
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	35	20	15	404,190	193,440	210,745
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	45	20	25	192,685	93,120	99,565
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	40	10	30	1,778,900	897,890	881,010
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	40	10	30	124,305	60,295	64,010
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	50	25	20	123,985	55,730	68,255
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	15	10	10	316,315	157,600	158,720
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	10	10	0	65,790	34,390	31,405
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	15	0	0	38,685	18,590	20,095
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	988,585	489,045	499,545	45	25	15	22,385	11,085	11,305
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	982,820	472,290	510,525	10	0	10	63,505	31,010	32,495
Québécois	1,580	785	795	981,635	490,130	491,510	0	0	0	931,940	465,630	466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	938,950	462,420	476,530	10	0	10	38,655	19,380	19,275
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	925,490	414,915	510,570	105	40	65	43,580	18,815	24,760
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	906,315	441,610	464,705	0	0	0	588,805	290,630	298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	691,260	347,080	344,175	25	0	20	149,955	75,935	74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	632,340	304,220	328,120	0	0	0	138,030	64,935	73,095
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	560,335	271,985	288,350	0	0	0	44,275	21,865	22,410
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	551,910	278,060	273,850	15	15	0	99,420	50,795	48,625
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	548,140	260,075	288,065	0	0	0	47,195	21,990	25,200
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	466,500	224,290	242,210	0	0	0	8,215	4,055	4,160
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	455,720	216,490	239,230	0	0	0	11,260	5,450	5,810
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	448,305	222,770	225,535	0	0	0	64,385	32,135	32,255
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	353,495	172,240	181,255	0	0	0	46,600	22,380	24,230
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	342,040	160,475	181,570	0	0	0	77,735	37,960	39,775
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	334,505	156,840	177,665	0	0	0	6,965	3,270	3,700
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	320,150	155,755	164,395	0	0	0	23,360	11,410	11,950
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	305,170	145,500	159,675	0	0	0	83,945	39,450	44,495
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	303,260	154,435	148,825	0	0	0	16,645	8,825	7,815
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	301,955	148,335	153,625	0	0	0	73,930	36,725	37,205
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	282,015	141,530	140,490	10	0	10	57,320	29,015	28,305
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	279,950	145,620	134,330	0	0	0	8,765	5,040	3,725
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	275,530	131,075	144,445	0	0	0	45,570	21,910	23,665
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	263,710	138,210	125,500	0	0	0	104,735	55,130	49,610
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	262,140	132,975	129,160	10	0	0	69,705	35,085	34,620
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	249,070	119,265	129,805	0	0	0	11,395	5,490	5,905
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	226,220	107,785	118,435	0	0	0	15,820	7,190	8,630
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	219,855	105,825	114,030	0	0	0	21,540	10,530	11,005
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	217,650	101,805	115,845	0	0	0	10,655	4,940	5,720
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	215,885	103,720	112,165	10	10	0	46,765	22,775	23,995
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	210,605	107,990	102,615	0	0	0	78,210	40,740	37,470
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	200,465	100,790	99,675	0	0	0	25,825	12,855	12,975
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	200,340	99,800	100,540	0	0	0	81,820	41,395	40,425
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	196,945	96,220	100,725	0	0	0	5,260	2,670	2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	194,840	94,035	100,810	0	0	0	35,315	17,125	18,190
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	194,640	101,255	93,385	0	0	0	5,175	2,765	2,415
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	189,535	92,740	96,800	0	0	0	11,030	5,425	5,610
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	182,175	90,150	92,030	10	0	0	48,380	24,065	24,315
Haitian	930	475	455	178,990	84,510	94,490	0	0	0	156,065	73,495	82,570
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	166,160	87,665	78,495	0	0	0	8,930	4,805	4,125
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	155,495	77,435	78,055	0	0	0	34,305	16,985	17,320
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	155,095	77,735	77,360	0	0	0	695	325	365
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	145,570	72,015	73,555	0	0	0	22,980	11,870	11,110
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	144,055	69,270	74,785	0	0	0	3,120	1,375	1,740
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	132,410	65,175	67,240	0	0	0	12,400	6,165	6,240
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	130,820	64,915	65,905	0	0	0	6,790	3,425	3,370
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	129,425	56,850	72,580	25	10	15	7,460	3,215	4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	120,125	60,575	59,550	0	0	0	3,020	1,565	1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	111,605	53,700	57,905	0	0	0	20,235	9,695	10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	110,735	54,730	56,005	0	0	0	4,075	2,125	1,955
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	105,620	54,095	51,525	0	0	0	16,665	8,705	7,965
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	0	0	30,240	15,745	14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	104,765	51,375	53,395	0	0	0	27,170	13,580	13,585
Tamil	1,370	710	665	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0	7,615	3,645	3,970
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	101,990	50,370	51,620	0	0	0	1,135	660	470
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	100,555	47,995	52,560	0	0	0	39,485	18,805	20,680
Moroccan	880	425	460	99,980	50,835	49,150	0	0	0	81,230	41,590	39,635
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	98,925	47,495	51,430	0	0	0	5,705	2,720	2,985
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	98,250	49,385	48,865	10	0	10	31,590	15,820	15,770
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	97,210	46,270	50,940	0	0	0	3,410	1,585	1,825
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0	13,095	6,825	6,275
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	94,585	44,335	50,250	0	0	0	14,505	7,040	7,465
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	93,360	46,945	46,410	0	0	0	5,355	2,655	2,700
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	92,220	44,610	47,600	0	0	0	1,120	540	585
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	91,670	45,665	46,005	0	0	0	1,830	935	895
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0	1,920	840	1,080
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	80,555	39,675	40,880	0	0	0	5,890	2,755	3,140
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0	8,185	4,345	3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	77,405	37,655	39,750	0	0	0	5,670	2,880	2,790
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	76,745	39,955	36,795	0	0	0	15,620	7,850	7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	76,675	37,315	39,365	0	0	0	17,970	8,515	9,455
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	75,425	39,085	36,335	0	0	0	11,075	5,635	5,445
Algerian	645	320	320	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0	65,860	33,955	31,905
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	71,755	34,670	37,085	25	15	10	15,775	7,620	8,155
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	69,540	34,680	34,860	25	20	10	3,200	1,570	1,630
Armenian	925	495	430	68,850	34,105	34,745	0	0	0	30,720	15,190	15,530
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	68,210	33,475	34,740	0	0	0	4,070	1,995	2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	66,780	31,525	35,255	0	0	0	7,205	3,415	3,790
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0	2,090	975	1,110
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	64,020	29,280	34,740	0	0	0	3,605	1,655	1,950
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	59,300	29,865	29,435	0	0	0	4,385	2,290	2,095
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0	17,265	8,595	8,670
African Caribbean	930	495	430	59,050	26,385	32,670	0	0	0	9,305	4,260	5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0	3,425	1,520	1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	58,840	30,560	28,280	0	0	0	5,955	3,180	2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0	9,190	4,020	5,170
Algonquin	380	165	220	56,070	27,025	29,040	0	0	0	29,880	14,520	15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	52,085	23,685	28,395	0	0	0	3,140	1,390	1,750
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	52,040	24,510	27,530	0	0	0	5,455	2,460	2,995
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	49,840	24,885	24,955	10	0	0	1,045	545	500
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	46,765	24,165	22,595	0	0	0	1,820	885	935
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0	6,500	3,445	3,055
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	45,685	22,520	23,165	0	0	0	14,420	7,150	7,265
Congolese	1,045	500	545	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0	24,070	11,855	12,220
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	44,720	21,700	23,025	0	0	0	1,430	640	790
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0	1,440	740	705
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	42,405	20,105	22,300	0	0	0	6,335	3,155	3,185
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0	19,055	8,900	10,155
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0	2,820	1,545	1,270
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0	17,600	8,335	9,265
Berber	405	225	175	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0	36,540	19,550	16,990
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0	4,650	2,390	2,265
Maltese	505	230	275	40,670	20,210	20,455	0	0	0	1,095	585	510
Macedonian	385	185	200	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0	680	325	355
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	38,595	18,785	19,815	0	0	0	2,395	1,115	1,280
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	38,520	18,935	19,585	0	0	0	7,000	3,690	3,310
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	37,670	18,235	19,435	0	0	0	4,900	2,340	2,560
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	36,970	19,580	17,385	0	0	0	1,340	710	630
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0	800	400	400
African Canadian	940	465	475	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0	3,715	1,835	1,880
Israeli	1,095	565	525	35,345	18,410	16,940	0	0	0	6,750	3,465	3,285
Mohawk	500	300	200	33,330	16,485	16,845	0	0	0	6,635	3,230	3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	33,135	15,355	17,775	0	0	0	1,620	790	830
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	33,085	16,235	16,850	0	0	0	9,500	4,690	4,815
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	32,575	16,525	16,055	0	0	0	410	175	240
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	31,720	15,650	16,065	0	0	0	3,385	1,795	1,590
Barbadian	640	310	330	31,440	15,265	16,175	0	0	0	4,840	2,455	2,390
African American	935	435	495	31,430	15,700	15,730	0	0	0	3,255	1,640	1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	30,565	14,635	15,930	0	0	0	2,310	1,205	1,110
Tunisian	300	150	155	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0	26,015	14,280	11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	30,220	15,225	14,995	0	0	0	2,885	1,425	1,455
Cuban	830	395	435	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0	10,280	5,255	5,030
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0	2,415	1,265	1,150
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0	8,690	4,045	4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0	23,940	11,480	12,455
Latvian	1,025	485	540	28,140	13,515	14,620	0	0	0	1,640	760	875
Bengali	1,200	585	610	26,675	13,830	12,850	0	0	0	4,560	2,275	2,285
Cameroonian	930	485	450	26,535	12,960	13,580	0	0	0	18,610	9,100	9,510
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0	10,375	5,800	4,570
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	26,330	11,910	14,415	0	0	0	1,970	835	1,135
Laotian	1,015	505	510	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0	7,485	3,675	3,810
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	25,575	11,860	13,715	0	0	0	1,445	705	745
Northern Irish	920	445	475	25,200	12,495	12,710	0	0	0	1,200	595	600
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	24,420	12,265	12,155	0	0	0	1,695	890	800
British Columbian	520	295	225	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0	280	110	170
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0	2,550	1,205	1,345
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0	4,245	2,080	2,165
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	23,500	11,665	11,840	0	0	0	5,890	2,965	2,925
Estonian	980	480	500	23,455	11,080	12,375	0	0	0	885	450	435
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0	2,805	1,615	1,190
Fijian	1,145	525	620	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0	50	15	35
Jatt	1,410	705	705	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0	605	290	315
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	22,785	11,680	11,105	0	0	0	6,565	3,400	3,160
Coptic	440	225	215	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0	4,750	2,465	2,290
Thai	1,185	370	810	22,275	8,525	13,750	0	0	0	3,230	1,185	2,040
Dominican	405	245	160	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0	10,875	5,075	5,800
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0	980	505	475
Kabyle	95	50	45	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0	19,520	10,085	9,440
Assyrian	420	215	200	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0	835	395	440
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0	880	535	340
Byelorussian	730	350	380	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0	2,825	1,360	1,465
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	18,745	9,030	9,710	0	0	0	70	40	30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	18,545	8,975	9,570	0	0	0	430	210	220
Abenaki	50	20	25	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0	16,400	7,610	8,790
Moldovan	990	545	445	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0	9,595	4,655	4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0	8,890	4,275	4,615
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	17,755	9,275	8,470	0	0	0	625	360	265
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0	500	245	255
Breton	40	30	10	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0	15,500	7,725	7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0	140	50	90
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0	840	405	440
Plains Cree	200	100	95	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0	180	95	90
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0	10,290	5,465	4,825
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	15,910	7,715	8,195	0	0	0	12,745	6,210	6,530
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	15,780	7,505	8,280	0	0	0	245	110	130
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0	1,365	635	730
Gaspesian	10	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0	14,470	6,695	7,780
Norman	145	100	45	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0	11,125	5,595	5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0	475	225	250
Ivorian	210	110	105	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0	11,565	5,660	5,905
Saulteaux	280	120	160	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0	155	80	80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0	1,485	750	735
Burundian	150	70	85	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0	7,640	3,675	3,970
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0	410	230	185
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0	2,845	1,480	1,365
Mauritian	450	190	255	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0	5,770	3,070	2,700
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0	525	245	280
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0	65	25	40
Vincentian	175	65	110	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0	3,135	1,295	1,840
Jordanian	445	220	225	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0	1,455	815	635
Manitoban	460	245	210	13,095	6,530	6,565	0	0	0	480	225	255
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0	205	95	110
Rwandan	280	150	130	12,890	6,150	6,740	0	0	0	6,315	2,940	3,380
Grenadian	225	90	135	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0	1,445	590	850
Malayali	665	375	290	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0	450	235	215
Chaldean	165	80	85	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0	265	115	155
Sinhalese	555	255	305	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0	520	255	265
Mayan	575	310	270	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0	3,420	1,790	1,630
Honduran	340	150	185	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0	4,025	1,940	2,080
Cherokee	545	255	285	10,825	5,080	5,745	0	0	0	640	320	315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0	55	15	40
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0	500	220	280
Flemish	420	190	235	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0	1,595	830	765
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	10,015	4,975	5,045	0	0	0	340	180	160
Senegalese	140	100	35	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0	8,040	4,115	3,925
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0	990	500	490
Sicilian	110	35	70	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0	2,155	1,105	1,050
Pashtun	820	420	400	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0	750	410	335
Malay	790	340	450	9,795	4,725	5,065	0	0	0	495	215	280
Goan	350	185	165	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0	300	140	165
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0	4,405	2,215	2,195
Tibetan	790	415	375	9,350	4,650	4,700	25	15	10	260	125	135
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	9,165	4,435	4,725	0	0	0	425	225	200
Burmese	540	250	285	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0	580	265	320
Mongolian	985	455	535	9,090	4,240	4,850	0	0	0	1,165	550	620
Azorean	70	25	45	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0	2,010	910	1,095
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0	8,265	4,200	4,065
Bamileke	105	60	45	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0	6,515	3,295	3,225
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0	180	90	90
Ugandan	300	145	150	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0	240	100	145
Oromo	1,560	875	685	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0	90	50	45
Tanzanian	795	425	375	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0	485	250	240
Yemeni	555	280	275	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0	795	435	365
Central African	70	35	40	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0	5,620	2,670	2,950
Libyan	445	255	190	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0	980	485	495
Basque	175	80	90	7,745	4,030	3,710	0	0	0	3,800	1,950	1,850
Uruguayan	85	40	45	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0	1,995	1,055	945
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0	1,870	925	945
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0	1,975	1,045	930
Igorot	1,195	560	625	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0	340	130	210
Fulani	65	25	35	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0	5,445	2,800	2,645
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0	50	25	20
Guinean	155	80	70	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0	5,530	2,805	2,725
St. Lucian	230	90	140	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0	520	240	280
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0	115	45	65
Maliseet	25	15	10	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0	3,070	1,470	1,605
Beninese	145	75	70	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0	4,790	2,620	2,170
Telugu	255	135	120	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0	320	205	115
Roma	200	95	100	6,545	3,225	3,320	0	0	0	525	270	250
Costa Rican	180	95	85	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0	1,815	1,005	815
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	6,480	2,945	3,535	0	0	0	365	180	180
Malagasy	35	20	15	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0	5,215	2,580	2,630
Kashmiri	820	405	415	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0	280	160	125
Singaporean	325	120	205	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0	160	100	65
Karen	390	195	195	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0	55	30	30
Edo	605	340	265	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0	425	195	230
Tajik	280	130	145	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0	635	300	335
Amhara	810	435	380	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0	160	85	75
Paraguayan	100	30	70	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0	315	145	175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	600	280	320	8,308,480	4,126,855	4,181,620
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	356,975	157,435	199,540	25	15	10	48,365	21,395	26,980
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	265	120	145	5,385,240	2,596,385	2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	60	30	30	464,020	229,155	234,860
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	144,145	70,095	74,050	0	0	0	800	365	435
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	0	0	0	55,290	26,065	29,230
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	436,940	200,325	236,615	0	0	0	33,755	15,875	17,885
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	120	45	75	4,472,555	2,156,595	2,315,960
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	623,010	301,055	321,955	25	15	10	145,805	70,840	74,965
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	137,255	59,505	77,750	0	0	0	27,970	12,060	15,910
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	87,725	41,365	46,360	0	0	0	4,600	2,190	2,405
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	328,045	150,115	177,925	0	0	0	4,875	2,260	2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	100,655	46,640	54,020	0	0	0	2,255	1,070	1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	399,025	180,870	218,155	0	0	0	39,700	17,955	21,735
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	301,400	136,440	164,960	0	0	0	8,010	3,830	4,180
Reformed	1,250	600	655	79,870	39,250	40,620	0	0	0	1,220	620	600
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	0	0	0	19,595	8,645	10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	745,650	345,540	400,110	15	0	10	104,790	48,840	55,950
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	828,195	430,135	398,060	15	10	0	47,390	25,045	22,345
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	335,295	164,220	171,070	0	0	0	84,530	41,470	43,065
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	70	45	20	421,710	218,255	203,455
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	771,790	394,345	377,445	0	0	0	23,345	12,385	10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	80,685	38,460	42,230	0	0	0	3,790	1,900	1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	229,015	97,645	131,370	0	0	0	26,385	12,370	14,010
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	215	85	130	2,267,720	1,197,655	1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	565	260	305	8,228,540	4,085,665	4,142,870
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	435	200	235	7,283,250	3,618,915	3,664,330
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	130	55	75	945,290	466,750	478,540
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	120	55	60	543,670	268,740	274,925
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	0	0	0	401,625	198,010	203,615
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	0	0	0	349,095	170,740	178,355
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	0	0	0	321,005	156,550	164,455
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	268,965	135,215	133,750	0	0	0	28,085	14,185	13,895
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	293,955	147,585	146,370	0	0	0	52,530	27,270	25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	530	240	290	7,886,185	3,909,425	3,976,760
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	145	60	85	4,810,540	2,390,480	2,420,060
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	390	185	205	3,075,650	1,518,950	1,556,700
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	205	95	110	1,312,590	644,860	667,730
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	180	90	95	1,763,060	874,090	888,970
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	85	40	45	1,442,970	707,975	734,995
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	30	15	10	1,359,165	666,050	693,115
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	921,345	459,695	461,650	55	25	35	83,805	41,925	41,880
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	95	50	50	320,090	166,115	153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	500	225	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	75	25	40	1,426,055	773,160	652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	430	195	240	5,492,670	2,641,355	2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	410	180	230	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	40	15	25	642,800	382,415	260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	370	165	210	3,791,730	1,826,340	1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	505	220	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	60	25	40	1,256,550	656,495	600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	110	70	40	1,482,020	719,250	762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	340	135	205	4,180,150	2,038,775	2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	155	55	100	2,551,215	1,297,600	1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	30	20	0	1,096,360	666,925	429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	25	15	0	793,030	427,220	365,815
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	10	10	0	303,330	239,705	63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	95	25	75	1,202,040	528,525	673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	896,755	372,560	524,195	25	10	20	252,815	102,150	150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	180	75	105	1,628,940	741,170	887,765
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	125	45	80	1,011,695	443,295	568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	556,510	243,200	313,310	15	10	0	149,425	66,595	82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	214,105	108,000	106,105	10	0	0	43,755	20,810	22,940
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	30	20	15	360,795	174,150	186,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	279,660	165,795	113,870	0	0	0	63,270	36,320	26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	405	175	230	4,434,525	2,208,760	2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	25	10	15	525,155	303,815	221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	75	55	25	752,855	388,160	364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	310	115	190	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	135	45	95	1,849,290	942,950	906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	25	20	10	836,455	498,385	338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	20	10	10	609,895	319,470	290,425
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	836,220	693,830	142,395	10	10	0	226,565	178,915	47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	80	15	65	838,140	372,455	465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	623,090	261,035	362,050	30	10	15	174,695	72,115	102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	170	75	100	1,307,225	573,835	733,395
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	115	40	75	802,755	343,100	459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	430,875	179,230	251,645	10	10	0	119,460	50,155	69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	167,730	75,120	92,615	10	0	0	33,445	13,520	19,920
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	35	15	15	302,065	140,530	161,530
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	209,445	115,530	93,915	0	0	0	49,500	26,520	22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	505	220	280	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	165	95	75	2,738,575	1,375,740	1,362,830
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	0	0	0	292,470	65,830	226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	631,255	274,065	357,190	0	0	0	166,900	75,420	91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	74,785	53,390	21,395	0	0	0	23,530	16,540	6,990
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	556,470	220,680	335,790	0	0	0	143,365	58,875	84,490
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	926,560	354,120	572,440	20	0	15	228,770	90,810	137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	106,345	23,460	82,885	10	0	0	35,440	8,360	27,080
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	184,600	53,020	131,580	10	0	10	14,855	4,790	10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	316,050	119,215	196,830	0	0	0	107,105	44,755	62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	18,935	6,835	12,095	0	0	0	2,195	825	1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	57,745	33,040	24,700	0	0	0	11,135	6,895	4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	77,510	46,140	31,365	0	0	0	9,385	5,650	3,735
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	108,935	58,310	50,620	0	0	0	17,420	9,975	7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	56,440	14,090	42,345	0	0	0	31,240	9,565	21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	25	10	15	430,845	142,280	288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	29,430	7,065	22,365	0	0	0	4,980	1,515	3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	233,400	88,205	145,200	10	0	0	57,080	19,060	38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	344,150	27,905	316,240	0	0	0	79,155	6,625	72,535
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	325,785	115,335	210,445	0	0	0	77,880	29,725	48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	49,855	16,000	33,850	0	0	0	12,015	3,185	8,825
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	327,965	79,295	248,665	0	0	0	65,230	15,095	50,135
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	705,540	336,960	368,580	10	0	0	134,510	67,065	67,440
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	65	15	45	950,820	357,290	593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0	780	305	475
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	272,240	55,995	216,245	0	0	0	55,355	12,215	43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	65	15	45	894,690	344,770	549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	719,715	353,540	366,175	25	0	20	158,655	83,605	75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	297,055	121,615	175,435	0	0	0	57,680	23,925	33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	155,955	72,245	83,705	0	0	0	25,605	14,230	11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	35,380	14,950	20,430	0	0	0	24,115	11,710	12,400
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	196,620	130,745	65,875	15	0	10	42,530	29,180	13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	34,710	13,985	20,730	0	0	0	8,730	4,560	4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	804,230	531,435	272,795	35	25	15	177,780	124,955	52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	643,145	454,370	188,775	35	25	15	147,845	110,915	36,930
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	43,085	7,100	35,985	0	0	0	11,610	2,255	9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	99,360	57,560	41,800	0	0	0	15,160	9,515	5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	18,640	12,400	6,240	0	0	0	3,170	2,270	900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	50	45	0	866,885	778,835	88,060
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	135,020	81,930	53,090	0	0	0	33,975	19,075	14,895
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	900,475	723,080	177,395	30	20	0	181,290	147,120	34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	726,155	638,355	87,800	0	0	0	161,440	141,185	20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	580	190	390	0	0	0	180	65	115
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	703,905	683,060	20,845	10	10	0	189,550	182,910	6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	659,480	640,895	18,590	10	10	0	179,610	173,605	6,010
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	380,505	363,710	16,795	0	0	0	120,835	114,865	5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	407,545	234,360	173,175	20	0	10	99,230	60,010	39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	262,580	140,520	122,070	20	0	10	64,510	34,415	30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	144,960	93,845	51,115	0	0	0	34,715	25,595	9,125
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	70	20	55	515,215	101,455	413,760
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	180,785	89,005	91,780	0	0	0	29,140	14,930	14,215
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	60	15	50	470,150	78,875	391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	5,255	1,425	3,825	0	0	0	845	270	575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	64,030	34,630	29,400	0	0	0	15,080	7,385	7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	10	10	0	291,295	157,925	133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	548,520	151,115	397,410	10	10	0	154,335	42,710	111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0	355	320	35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0	1,450	1,300	145
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	227,835	160,930	66,905	0	0	0	57,625	43,715	13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	219,205	199,190	20,010	0	0	0	77,545	69,880	7,660
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0	1,280	370	905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	410	175	230	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	105	65	40	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	742,175	158,185	583,990	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	742,175	158,185	583,990	0	0	0	195,595	39,630	155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	490,455	210,500	279,955	0	0	0	129,065	58,170	70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	54,645	38,170	16,475	0	0	0	18,205	12,610	5,590
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	435,815	172,330	263,480	0	0	0	110,860	45,555	65,305
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	649,695	241,235	408,465	15	0	15	144,140	56,410	87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	79,235	16,400	62,835	0	0	0	26,015	5,955	20,065
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	134,815	37,610	97,210	0	0	0	10,825	3,320	7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	216,725	80,505	136,220	0	0	0	61,125	26,395	34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	12,910	4,540	8,370	0	0	0	1,415	485	930
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	41,640	23,645	17,990	0	0	0	7,300	4,485	2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	48,920	29,245	19,675	0	0	0	4,765	3,040	1,725
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	78,415	40,800	37,615	0	0	0	12,190	6,880	5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	37,045	8,490	28,555	0	0	0	20,500	5,850	14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	25	10	15	334,475	103,635	230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	23,895	5,520	18,370	0	0	0	3,905	1,180	2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	196,475	72,125	124,350	0	0	0	47,510	15,360	32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	270,970	20,095	250,875	0	0	0	64,690	4,665	60,025
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	261,265	82,850	178,420	0	0	0	59,965	20,645	39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	37,830	12,160	25,670	0	0	0	8,380	2,320	6,060
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	249,205	55,840	193,365	0	0	0	48,920	10,080	38,835
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	549,090	254,250	294,840	10	0	0	101,105	49,385	51,720
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	60	15	45	741,390	268,705	472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0	545	245	300
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	213,140	40,230	172,910	0	0	0	43,070	8,735	34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	60	15	45	697,775	259,725	438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	513,555	241,780	271,785	20	0	15	102,055	53,195	48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	227,460	90,390	137,075	0	0	0	46,430	18,895	27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	108,350	48,075	60,280	0	0	0	13,010	7,225	5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	14,270	5,690	8,580	0	0	0	5,205	3,155	2,050
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	140,510	88,540	51,970	15	0	15	31,410	20,760	10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	22,960	9,090	13,870	0	0	0	6,010	3,155	2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	667,305	445,970	221,330	40	25	15	147,350	104,880	42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	554,185	392,835	161,350	40	25	15	126,845	95,720	31,120
25. Library science	900	120	780	27,610	4,720	22,885	0	0	0	7,990	1,480	6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	70,940	39,000	31,940	0	0	0	10,365	6,250	4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	14,565	9,415	5,155	0	0	0	2,145	1,435	710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	45	35	10	665,365	588,950	76,415
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	105,845	61,230	44,605	0	0	0	27,250	14,670	12,580
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	724,235	568,385	155,850	30	15	10	152,450	121,715	30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	536,600	464,510	72,090	0	0	0	121,270	104,235	17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	510	160	350	0	0	0	170	65	105
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	510,105	493,000	17,100	10	10	0	142,000	136,435	5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	467,225	452,385	14,840	10	10	0	133,660	128,555	5,100
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	266,690	253,110	13,585	0	0	0	88,560	83,270	5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	314,120	170,440	143,680	15	0	10	79,190	45,870	33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	199,335	99,700	99,635	15	0	10	51,620	26,290	25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	114,780	70,745	44,040	0	0	0	27,565	19,580	7,985
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	55	10	50	387,725	74,730	312,995
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	139,280	67,885	71,385	0	0	0	22,615	11,045	11,565
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	50	0	45	352,905	58,735	294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0	730	180	550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	48,115	23,255	24,860	0	0	0	11,475	4,765	6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	772,450	399,835	372,615	10	0	0	229,120	122,320	106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	414,520	112,935	301,590	10	0	0	120,395	31,320	89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0	280	250	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0	900	770	125
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	183,025	128,295	54,725	0	0	0	45,820	34,595	11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	168,105	152,620	15,485	0	0	0	61,730	55,385	6,340
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0	1,040	290	750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	410	175	230	4,434,525	2,208,755	2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	105	65	40	1,278,015	691,975	586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	305	120	190	3,156,515	1,516,785	1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	185	80	105	2,742,030	1,307,625	1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	115	55	60	2,625,165	1,249,755	1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	70	30	40	116,855	57,870	58,990
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	120	35	90	414,490	209,160	205,330
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	483,810	238,040	245,775	10	0	10	81,780	40,955	40,820
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	279,005	143,575	135,435	0	0	0	22,720	12,785	9,930
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	36,400	16,175	20,230	0	0	0	9,685	4,330	5,350
Cuba	235	135	95	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0	3,325	1,770	1,555
Haiti	75	45	30	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0	9,100	4,860	4,245
Jamaica	400	175	230	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0	215	125	95
Brazil	1,555	665	890	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0	8,640	4,105	4,540
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0	11,880	5,550	6,340
Peru	365	140	225	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0	3,210	1,335	1,875
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0	3,615	1,525	2,090
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	45,000	21,575	23,425	0	0	0	9,395	4,580	4,815
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	543,725	281,205	262,520	15	0	10	138,260	74,045	64,210
Belgium	170	100	70	7,795	4,260	3,535	0	0	0	4,415	2,385	2,030
France	1,155	600	555	97,770	53,930	43,840	0	0	0	77,225	43,085	34,135
Germany	925	515	405	22,450	12,070	10,380	0	0	0	2,410	1,335	1,070
Netherlands	600	315	285	10,825	6,065	4,765	0	0	0	935	530	415
Switzerland	280	150	130	8,470	4,420	4,050	0	0	0	2,520	1,425	1,090
Hungary	330	165	165	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0	370	190	180
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0	5,245	2,500	2,750
Poland	1,375	540	835	25,215	11,115	14,100	0	0	0	1,700	620	1,080
Romania	1,725	935	795	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0	10,370	5,330	5,040
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	36,095	16,250	19,845	0	0	0	5,330	2,420	2,905
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	36,405	16,635	19,775	0	0	0	4,615	2,105	2,510
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	16,040	9,175	6,865	0	0	0	465	290	175
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	151,900	81,980	69,920	0	0	0	8,955	4,885	4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0	715	360	360
Italy	315	170	140	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0	2,330	1,345	985
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0	345	155	180
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	60,615	30,055	30,560	0	0	0	10,325	5,080	5,245
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	216,815	111,010	105,805	25	15	10	95,260	49,800	45,460
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	33,280	16,395	16,880	0	0	0	1,835	955	880
Algeria	330	170	160	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0	30,560	15,715	14,850
Morocco	380	205	175	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0	19,240	9,910	9,330
Tunisia	180	110	70	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0	10,865	6,135	4,730
Egypt	1,610	825	785	30,255	15,145	15,115	0	0	0	6,245	3,170	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0	585	290	295
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	64,700	33,325	31,385	20	0	10	25,925	13,620	12,310
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	75	15	55	96,865	43,055	53,805
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0	9,440	4,365	5,075
Iraq	895	440	455	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0	795	380	415
Israel	385	210	175	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0	1,315	650	665
Lebanon	590	275	315	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0	9,840	4,795	5,050
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0	5,960	2,795	3,165
Turkey	385	235	155	11,855	6,595	5,260	0	0	0	1,210	685	525
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	201,100	87,370	113,720	0	0	0	20,740	9,165	11,570
Taiwan	565	140	430	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0	665	235	430
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0	405	170	235
Japan	995	270	720	18,605	5,280	13,325	0	0	0	1,395	435	955
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	53,575	20,575	33,000	0	0	0	2,275	820	1,450
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	305,795	115,370	190,420	20	0	20	14,170	4,975	9,195
Viet Nam	810	315	495	12,500	4,490	8,005	0	0	0	1,730	590	1,135
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	25,000	11,360	13,645	0	0	0	2,530	1,315	1,215
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0	970	410	565
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	405,850	199,380	206,475	15	10	10	13,730	6,885	6,845
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	75,155	35,055	40,100	0	0	0	2,210	1,080	1,125
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	64,385	28,650	35,735	0	0	0	7,490	3,285	4,205
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	47,960	24,495	23,460	0	0	0	2,325	1,300	1,025
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	38,525	19,270	19,250	0	0	0	1,795	1,010	785
New Zealand	480	255	230	7,785	4,300	3,485	0	0	0	400	215	185
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	1,655	930	730	0	0	0	130	75	55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	500	220	280	6,918,730	3,414,515	3,504,210
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	385	195	195	4,435,465	2,302,595	2,132,870
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	335	160	170	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	55	35	20	335,015	176,245	158,775
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	115	30	90	2,483,265	1,111,920	1,371,340
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	63.7	67.7	59.8	77.0	88.6	69.6	64.1	67.4	60.9
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	57.1	60.9	53.4	67.0	72.7	60.7	59.3	62.3	56.3
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	10.3	9.9	10.7	14.3	17.9	10.3	7.6	7.7	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	505	220	280	6,918,725	3,414,515	3,504,215
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	110	30	75	2,442,685	1,085,560	1,357,125
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	395	190	200	4,476,045	2,328,960	2,147,085
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	145	75	70	2,360,025	1,281,245	1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	255	115	135	2,116,020	1,047,710	1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	41.0	41.7	40.3	36.2	36.6	35.6	41.3	41.7	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	385	195	190	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	15	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	370	185	180	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	310	155	160	3,814,195	1,934,455	1,879,740
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	250	135	120	3,190,685	1,637,795	1,552,885
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	65	25	40	623,510	296,655	326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	867,740	386,965	480,775	25	10	15	217,905	94,210	123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	35	10	20	405,605	202,450	203,155
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	60	35	25	530,720	324,555	206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	385	195	190	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	15	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	370	185	180	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	254,760	177,450	77,315	0	0	0	79,745	57,370	22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	60	20	40	778,905	256,150	522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	35	30	0	360,495	272,510	87,985
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	50	10	40	359,665	70,075	289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	45	0	35	558,725	166,020	392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	596,785	275,420	321,360	0	0	0	146,560	72,400	74,165
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	120	70	50	1,064,155	499,825	564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	40	40	0	702,290	645,355	56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	541,235	416,960	124,270	10	0	0	86,625	68,885	17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	857,540	612,415	245,120	0	0	0	207,740	150,405	57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	385	195	190	4,435,460	2,302,590	2,132,870
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	15	10	0	90,550	43,585	46,970
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	370	185	180	4,344,910	2,259,010	2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	434,800	295,160	139,640	0	0	0	79,050	55,055	23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	239,030	195,605	43,425	15	0	10	24,890	21,200	3,695
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	147,750	109,475	38,270	0	0	0	31,005	22,680	8,330
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	0	0	0	296,035	254,795	41,240
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	25	20	0	449,115	320,715	128,405
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	610,295	406,960	203,335	0	0	0	147,340	96,670	50,670
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	40	10	30	514,090	248,905	265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	981,030	742,515	238,515	30	20	10	209,445	161,115	48,330
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	400,460	237,940	162,520	10	0	0	94,130	57,495	36,630
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	815,225	358,145	457,080	10	10	0	169,985	74,020	95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	343,940	186,230	157,710	0	0	0	63,030	35,450	27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	30	20	10	345,345	193,365	151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0	5,605	2,675	2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	792,600	457,880	334,725	30	15	10	171,345	104,695	66,645
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	15	10	0	340,885	104,300	236,590
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	55	10	45	617,200	122,675	494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	350,710	180,205	170,500	25	20	0	72,700	38,810	33,890
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	45	25	20	232,480	109,950	122,530
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	797,935	373,775	424,165	25	0	25	190,470	89,730	100,735
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	10	0	0	290,765	144,705	146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	410	195	215	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	390	190	200	350,525	195,385	155,145
French	1,020	295	725	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	0	0	0	3,032,290	1,536,735	1,495,555
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	169,205	89,515	79,685	0	0	0	18,820	10,150	8,670
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0	4,175	2,195	1,975
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	162,265	85,925	76,345	0	0	0	14,650	7,955	6,690
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	0	0	0	1,245,535	671,300	574,230
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	570,220	291,000	279,220	20	10	10	25,875	13,895	11,980
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0	20,370	9,725	10,645
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	69,340	34,190	35,145	0	0	0	52,970	26,700	26,265
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0	725	435	290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	410	195	215	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	410	195	215	4,477,745	2,321,955	2,155,790
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	410	195	215	4,441,500	2,302,830	2,138,665
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	410	195	215	668,485	365,785	302,695
French	2,040	595	1,445	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	0	0	0	3,773,015	1,937,050	1,835,965
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	310,455	161,825	148,635	0	0	0	36,245	19,120	17,125
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0	10,220	5,140	5,080
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0	6,520	3,320	3,195
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0	6,480	3,310	3,170
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0	3,730	1,925	1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0	760	375	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0	10	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0	20	15	10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0	2,830	1,465	1,370
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0	1,570	720	855
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0	20	10	10
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0	20	10	10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0	20	0	20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0	3,690	1,815	1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	291,025	152,095	138,925	0	0	0	26,030	13,980	12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0	2,465	1,385	1,075
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	35	25	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	415	185	235	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	40	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0	2,425	1,365	1,060
Amharic	35	25	10	215	95	120	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	315	165	150	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0	2,235	1,290	945
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0	10	0	10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0	160	70	95
Tigrigna	70	35	35	325	165	160	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0	1,640	720	920
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0	315	140	175
Vietnamese	780	295	485	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0	1,325	585	745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0	150	70	75
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	165	90	70	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0	120	55	65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0	15	0	10
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0	330	150	175
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0	325	145	175
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0	160	65	95
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tamil	15	0	15	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0	150	65	85
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	112,395	64,055	48,335	0	0	0	13,485	7,750	5,735
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0	15	0	10
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0	310	200	115
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0	1,025	395	625
Bulgarian	10	0	10	145	55	90	0	0	0	55	20	30
Czech	10	10	0	105	50	55	0	0	0	15	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0	135	45	90
Russian	175	75	100	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0	735	280	450
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	835	485	355	0	0	0	30	20	10
Bosnian	25	10	20	120	80	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0	10	10	0
Serbian	25	20	10	555	310	245	0	0	0	20	10	10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	40	10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	1,265	620	650	0	0	0	55	25	35
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	14,250	8,060	6,190	0	0	0	1,420	725	695
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	10,480	5,695	4,790	0	0	0	1,345	680	665
German	70	35	35	6,615	3,655	2,970	0	0	0	300	175	125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0	35	20	20
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0	1,000	485	520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0	35	25	10
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0	35	20	10
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0	40	20	15
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0	15	0	10
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	15	10	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	875	445	430	0	0	0	420	180	240
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0	2,550	1,410	1,135
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0	1,950	1,065	885
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0	115	40	70
Gujarati	70	35	30	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	35	10	20
Hindi	110	60	45	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0	145	70	75
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	275	125	145	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0	1,480	855	625
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0	160	80	85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	10	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0	600	345	255
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	130	70	60	0	0	0	25	20	0
Persian languages	125	50	70	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0	570	320	250
Dari	30	10	20	800	445	360	0	0	0	185	115	75
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0	365	200	165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0	25	15	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	30,795	17,685	13,105	0	0	0	7,725	4,830	2,890
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italian	15	10	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0	445	220	225
Portuguese	75	50	30	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0	485	185	300
Romanian	40	25	15	680	375	310	0	0	0	230	135	95
Spanish	1,150	475	670	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0	6,530	4,250	2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0	35	30	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	105	25	75	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0	220	40	185
Korean	775	435	345	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0	370	165	215
Mongolian	15	10	10	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	410	210	200	0	0	0	90	55	40
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0	15	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0	10	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0	35	30	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	65	20	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	10	0	10
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0	10	0	10
Sign languages	35	20	15	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0	325	125	195
American Sign Language	30	10	15	1,590	620	970	0	0	0	30	15	20
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0	265	100	170
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	135	65	65	0	0	0	20	10	10
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	128,375	64,180	64,190	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	128,045	63,990	64,055	0	0	0	6,580	3,370	3,210
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0	4,285	2,190	2,095
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0	75	30	40
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	50,950	25,725	25,225	0	0	0	2,195	1,130	1,060
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	460	240	220	0	0	0	25	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	295	175	125	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	10	10	0	60	40	20	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	765	310	450	0	0	0	50	15	35
Lao	15	10	0	80	30	50	0	0	0	10	0	0
Thai	35	0	30	670	275	395	0	0	0	40	10	30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	1,345	695	650	0	0	0	140	65	70
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	1,270	660	615	0	0	0	135	65	70
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	485	215	270	0	0	0	20	0	15
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0	10	0	10
Hungarian	35	20	10	330	170	160	0	0	0	15	0	10
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	453,880	231,205	222,675	0	0	0	269,365	142,370	126,995
English and French	805	365	435	321,975	163,305	158,675	0	0	0	249,945	132,640	117,300
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	115,955	60,210	55,745	0	0	0	7,150	3,800	3,355
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0	6,010	2,675	3,335
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0	6,165	3,215	2,950
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0	90	30	60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	410	195	215	4,747,110	2,464,325	2,282,785
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	390	190	200	3,655,520	1,876,935	1,778,585
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	902,625	474,755	427,875	0	0	0	720,960	391,075	329,885
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	589,755	288,955	300,800	0	0	0	302,145	161,340	140,805
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	331,375	168,035	163,335	20	10	10	32,245	16,505	15,745
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	18,190	7,740	10,450	0	0	0	3,025	1,350	1,675
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	313,185	160,295	152,885	20	10	10	29,220	15,155	14,065
English and French	15	10	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0	2,520	1,270	1,250
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0	19,400	9,340	10,060
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	22,615	11,475	11,135	0	0	0	11,070	6,110	4,970
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0	280	160	125
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	50,740	25,425	25,315	0	0	0	2,965	1,605	1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	330	160	170	4,100,450	2,126,350	1,974,095
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	115	45	70	897,770	435,285	462,480
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	58,335	40,295	18,035	0	0	0	8,355	5,980	2,380
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	50	40	10	442,035	333,730	108,305
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	165	80	85	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	165	80	85	2,752,285	1,351,360	1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	160	70	85	1,475,055	685,340	789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	0	0	0	419,210	203,335	215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	0	0	0	823,150	442,385	380,765
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	98,060	60,210	37,850	0	0	0	34,875	20,300	14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	215	120	100	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	140	85	55	2,633,265	1,430,735	1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	140	85	55	2,482,735	1,367,240	1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	844,155	343,100	501,050	0	0	0	150,535	63,495	87,040
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	75	35	40	287,345	120,460	166,885
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	672,815	296,610	376,205	0	0	0	178,645	78,570	100,075
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	138,615	92,195	46,415	0	0	0	40,420	26,585	13,835
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	285,820	144,225	141,595	0	0	0	54,645	28,740	25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	215	120	100	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	25	15	10	1,005,850	482,465	523,385
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	115	65	50	1,110,975	578,835	532,140
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	35	0	30	635,870	363,430	272,445
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	910,610	542,485	368,125	15	0	10	235,140	133,720	101,425
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	926,120	599,115	327,005	30	30	0	206,480	126,635	79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	215	120	100	3,194,325	1,685,090	1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	938,820	701,960	236,865	20	10	0	241,420	189,270	52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	45	25	15	569,745	368,480	201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	40	25	10	935,640	441,465	494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	25	0	20	626,895	259,220	367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	45	20	30	330,930	142,495	188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	45	35	15	489,685	284,160	205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	95	55	45	1,677,585	859,745	817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	897,205	456,120	441,085	0	0	0	303,835	156,030	147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	95	50	45	1,373,745	703,720	670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	55	30	25	1,222,970	626,390	596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	682,190	346,420	335,770	5	0	0	230,080	118,075	112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	467,685	234,475	233,215	5	0	0	175,305	90,000	85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	214,500	111,950	102,550	0	0	0	54,775	28,070	26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	50	25	25	992,895	508,315	484,580

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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