Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Calgary, City (CY)More information: Alberta [Census subdivision] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			AlbertaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,306,784	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	4,262,635	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,239,220	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	4,067,175	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.5	...	...	5.2	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	531,062	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	1,772,670	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	502,301	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,592.4	...	...	4.2	...	...	6.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	820.62	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	634,658.27	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,306,780	648,835	657,950	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	4,262,635	2,127,935	2,134,700
0 to 14 years	235,855	121,145	114,710	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	809,640	415,870	393,770
0 to 4 years	73,840	37,865	35,980	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	250,250	128,560	121,690
5 to 9 years	80,585	41,225	39,365	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	278,810	142,850	135,955
10 to 14 years	81,425	42,055	39,370	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	280,585	144,460	136,120
15 to 64 years	893,525	445,660	447,865	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	2,823,770	1,416,910	1,406,865
15 to 19 years	73,490	37,720	35,770	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	249,765	128,745	121,015
20 to 24 years	78,365	40,280	38,085	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	248,740	128,595	120,150
25 to 29 years	88,385	43,930	44,460	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	275,465	138,510	136,955
30 to 34 years	105,960	52,030	53,930	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	323,260	160,175	163,085
35 to 39 years	110,765	54,785	55,985	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	338,945	168,390	170,560
40 to 44 years	100,080	49,490	50,595	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	307,665	153,715	153,955
45 to 49 years	91,385	45,430	45,945	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	277,770	139,705	138,065
50 to 54 years	84,725	42,550	42,175	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	262,770	131,650	131,120
55 to 59 years	82,570	41,000	41,570	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	274,150	135,825	138,325
60 to 64 years	77,790	38,450	39,345	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	265,240	131,600	133,640
65 years and over	177,405	82,035	95,375	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	629,220	295,155	334,070
65 to 69 years	62,120	30,410	31,710	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	217,270	106,975	110,295
70 to 74 years	46,495	22,225	24,270	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	163,890	79,150	84,735
75 to 79 years	28,965	13,485	15,485	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	105,520	49,860	55,660
80 to 84 years	19,405	8,370	11,035	840,545	370,905	469,645	70,160	31,510	38,650
85 years and over	20,420	7,540	12,875	861,395	319,540	541,860	72,375	27,660	44,720
85 to 89 years	12,620	4,995	7,625	525,445	212,735	312,705	44,670	18,540	26,130
90 to 94 years	6,225	2,115	4,110	258,035	87,300	170,735	21,430	7,545	13,890
95 to 99 years	1,375	390	990	68,380	17,670	50,715	5,480	1,405	4,075
100 years and over	195	45	155	9,535	1,830	7,710	795	170	625
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.7	17.4	16.3	16.9	15.6	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	68.4	68.7	68.1	64.8	65.4	64.2	66.2	66.6	65.9
65 years and over	13.6	12.6	14.5	19.0	17.7	20.2	14.8	13.9	15.6
85 years and over	1.6	1.2	2.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.7	1.3	2.1
Average age of the population	38.8	38.2	39.5	41.9	41.0	42.8	39.0	38.4	39.7
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	41.6	40.4	42.8	38.4	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	502,300	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Single-detached house	276,050	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	994,565	...	...
Semi-detached house	31,660	...	...	746,560	...	...	98,740	...	...
Row house	48,860	...	...	980,110	...	...	127,735	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	21,165	...	...	821,490	...	...	43,730	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	81,870	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	247,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40,700	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	74,880	...	...
Other single-attached house	200	...	...	34,880	...	...	1,215	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,790	...	...	189,420	...	...	45,325	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 person	132,695	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	424,055	...	...
2 persons	159,955	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	551,420	...	...
3 persons	80,020	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	249,135	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	243,400	...	...
5 or more persons	50,070	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	165,215	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,070,930	527,695	543,240	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	3,452,995	1,712,065	1,740,925
Married or living common-law	624,845	312,690	312,150	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	2,033,945	1,018,425	1,015,520
Married	529,175	264,635	264,545	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	1,703,285	852,950	850,335
Living common-law	95,665	48,060	47,610	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	330,655	165,475	165,180
Living common law - Never married	73,555	37,065	36,490	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	245,650	123,625	122,030
Living common law - Separated	3,080	1,645	1,435	123,830	65,045	58,785	12,835	6,745	6,090
Living common law - Divorced	17,645	8,750	8,890	721,715	365,760	355,950	65,955	32,580	33,375
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	595	795	87,165	36,860	50,300	6,210	2,520	3,690
Not married and not living common-law	446,090	215,005	231,085	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	1,419,050	693,640	725,410
Not married and not living common law - Never married	313,900	170,360	143,540	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	969,780	535,715	434,065
Not married and not living common law - Separated	24,245	10,380	13,865	741,135	319,045	422,090	83,350	36,440	46,910
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	67,400	25,865	41,535	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	214,460	87,950	126,505
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	40,550	8,395	32,150	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	151,455	33,530	117,925
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	356,225	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	1,164,655	...	...
2 persons	164,970	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	565,900	...	...
3 persons	78,740	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	240,980	...	...
4 persons	79,565	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	238,600	...	...
5 or more persons	32,950	...	...	855,960	...	...	119,170	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	356,220	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	1,164,650	...	...
Total couple families	304,050	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	987,465	...	...
Married couples	256,225	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	822,175	...	...
With children⁶	155,795	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	464,975	...	...
Without children	100,430	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	357,200	...	...
Common-law couples	47,830	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	165,290	...	...
With children⁶	14,805	...	...	808,645	...	...	60,705	...	...
Without children	33,020	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	104,580	...	...
Total one-parent families	52,170	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	177,190	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	40,670	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	135,065	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	11,505	...	...	383,670	...	...	42,125	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
Total - Persons in census families	1,060,650	527,080	533,570	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	3,456,645	1,720,145	1,736,505
Married spouses or common-law partners	608,110	304,145	303,965	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	1,974,930	986,995	987,935
Parents in one-parent families	52,170	11,500	40,665	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	177,185	42,120	135,060
Children⁶	400,375	211,435	188,940	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	1,304,525	691,020	613,500
In a two-parent family	319,875	167,975	151,905	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	1,022,235	538,215	484,020
In a one-parent family	80,495	43,460	37,035	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	282,290	152,810	129,485
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	231,120	115,080	116,040	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	721,070	368,045	353,030
Living alone	132,690	62,770	69,920	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	424,055	207,075	216,980
Living with other relatives⁷	34,850	14,875	19,980	927,345	393,085	534,260	108,100	49,205	58,900
Living with non-relatives only	63,575	37,435	26,140	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	188,915	111,760	77,155
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	502,300	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	302,280	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	1,008,210	...	...
Couple-family households	262,950	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	876,085	...	...
With children⁶	147,735	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	465,405	...	...
Without children	115,220	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	410,680	...	...
One-parent-family households	39,325	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	132,125	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	17,040	...	...	441,745	...	...	47,450	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	4,035	...	...	94,235	...	...	10,575	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	18,975	...	...	450,415	...	...	60,780	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	27,275	...	...	663,835	...	...	82,150	...	...
One-person households	132,690	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	424,055	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,003,515	495,570	507,940	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	3,213,495	1,597,075	1,616,420
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	41,200	46,400	36,800	44,800	53,200	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,004,015	495,845	508,175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	3,215,290	1,598,045	1,617,250
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	36,800	40,800	33,600	40,400	46,800	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	909,585	457,190	452,395	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	2,899,265	1,472,130	1,427,140
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	32,800	35,200	42,400	29,200	40,000	50,400	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	761,365	391,230	370,130	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,600	35,600	37,200	43,200	32,000	41,600	51,600	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	880,900	428,430	452,470	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	2,818,115	1,377,385	1,440,730
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,640	9,000	9,800	8,500	11,000	8,300	6,120	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	115,990	54,710	61,280	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	373,185	184,280	188,900
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,800	5,760	5,880	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,800	5,760	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	326,795	158,290	168,500	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	978,925	473,610	505,320
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,175	495,345	507,830	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	3,212,650	1,596,250	1,616,400
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	64,600	76,500	53,050	54,450	62,650	46,560	60,850	72,700	49,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,003,685	495,595	508,095	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	3,214,490	1,597,255	1,617,235
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	60,400	44,760	44,920	50,320	39,680	50,200	58,400	42,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	909,780	457,395	452,390	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	2,900,200	1,472,350	1,427,850
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,600	74,500	48,520	50,240	59,500	41,000	57,300	70,100	44,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	761,230	391,465	369,765	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	2,426,940	1,262,995	1,163,950
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,450	71,900	48,320	50,280	58,050	42,000	56,350	67,800	43,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	879,935	427,945	451,995	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	2,817,280	1,376,575	1,440,710
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,010	8,920	11,050	11,170	10,180	12,060	10,440	9,300	11,520
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	115,600	54,695	60,905	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	371,975	183,715	188,265
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	6,620	7,460	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,090	6,720	7,450
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	325,765	158,290	167,480	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	972,130	470,475	501,650
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,260	9,440	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,170	9,030	9,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	356,230	200,300	155,925	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	1,120,075	641,305	478,775
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,500	79,000	65,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	70,500	78,500	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	93,600	105,800	77,800	77,200	85,400	67,000	85,200	96,300	70,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	309,535	144,060	165,475	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	993,770	466,385	527,385
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	23,000	18,600	18,400	21,000	16,600	21,600	26,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,600	39,360	28,560	29,160	33,960	24,860	34,280	42,280	27,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.4	90.0	81.4	82.2	86.4	76.8	85.0	89.0	79.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	74.2	66.4	66.8	70.6	61.7	70.0	73.8	64.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.6	10.1	18.6	17.8	13.7	23.1	15.0	11.0	20.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.8
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.2	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.1	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.9	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.6	3.7	5.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without total income	52,710	25,610	27,100	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	161,620	78,885	82,730
With total income	1,003,510	495,570	507,940	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	3,213,490	1,597,075	1,616,415
Under $10,000 (including loss)	88,650	37,295	51,350	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	271,260	111,180	160,085
$10,000 to $19,999	95,485	40,550	54,935	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	307,390	122,515	184,880
$20,000 to $29,999	150,395	67,505	82,885	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	483,175	210,085	273,090
$30,000 to $39,999	120,085	52,190	67,895	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	384,115	161,270	222,840
$40,000 to $49,999	102,800	47,405	55,400	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	332,120	148,870	183,245
$50,000 to $59,999	84,010	40,150	43,855	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	277,960	132,620	145,340
$60,000 to $69,999	69,945	34,995	34,950	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	232,840	119,260	113,580
$70,000 to $79,999	56,175	29,855	26,315	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	187,305	105,100	82,205
$80,000 to $89,999	43,630	24,315	19,315	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	146,920	87,190	59,725
$90,000 to $99,999	36,520	20,230	16,285	965,950	553,435	412,510	124,520	73,960	50,560
$100,000 and over	155,825	101,065	54,765	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	465,885	325,025	140,860
$100,000 to $149,999	90,875	54,255	36,615	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	291,955	191,190	100,765
$150,000 and over	64,950	46,810	18,145	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	173,935	133,835	40,100
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without after-tax income	52,205	25,340	26,860	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	159,820	77,915	81,900
With after-tax income	1,004,020	495,845	508,175	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	3,215,295	1,598,045	1,617,245
Under $10,000 (including loss)	92,205	38,635	53,565	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	282,760	115,430	167,325
$10,000 to $19,999	99,660	42,515	57,150	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	320,525	128,425	192,100
$20,000 to $29,999	170,545	76,940	93,605	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	545,450	237,370	308,080
$30,000 to $39,999	139,800	62,515	77,285	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	449,440	194,945	254,500
$40,000 to $49,999	119,345	56,570	62,770	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	388,170	182,160	206,010
$50,000 to $59,999	94,265	46,850	47,410	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	314,650	160,140	154,510
$60,000 to $69,999	71,155	37,840	33,320	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	240,015	135,075	104,940
$70,000 to $79,999	52,530	29,120	23,415	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	178,580	106,080	72,495
$80,000 to $89,999	41,555	22,700	18,850	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	138,170	82,415	55,755
$90,000 to $99,999	28,220	16,610	11,610	643,700	402,325	241,380	92,045	59,450	32,595
$100,000 and over	94,730	65,540	29,195	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	265,490	196,560	68,930
$100,000 to $124,999	39,250	25,260	13,985	792,455	530,970	261,490	121,505	85,805	35,705
$125,000 and over	55,485	40,285	15,205	804,335	578,645	225,695	143,985	110,760	33,225
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,056,220	521,185	535,035	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Without employment income	294,855	129,955	164,905	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	948,210	413,405	534,805
With employment income	761,365	391,235	370,135	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	2,426,900	1,262,555	1,164,345
Under $5,000 (including loss)	93,565	43,905	49,665	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	305,715	142,525	163,185
$5,000 to $9,999	61,265	26,265	35,000	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	186,575	78,780	107,795
$10,000 to $19,999	84,600	37,635	46,965	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	270,795	116,950	153,845
$20,000 to $29,999	65,430	30,260	35,170	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	212,530	93,955	118,575
$30,000 to $39,999	62,020	29,540	32,480	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	202,095	92,015	110,080
$40,000 to $49,999	60,110	29,420	30,685	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	193,315	92,690	100,625
$50,000 to $59,999	56,160	27,655	28,505	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	181,745	89,815	91,930
$60,000 to $69,999	50,010	25,670	24,345	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	161,830	85,450	76,375
$70,000 to $79,999	40,770	22,575	18,195	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	133,940	78,540	55,400
$80,000 to $89,999	33,160	18,845	14,315	929,490	539,395	390,095	110,580	67,335	43,240
$90,000 to $99,999	29,855	16,295	13,560	760,035	439,505	320,530	101,430	59,855	41,575
$100,000 and over	124,415	83,170	41,245	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	366,350	264,635	101,720
$100,000 to $124,999	49,530	29,135	20,400	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	158,925	103,055	55,870
$125,000 and over	74,880	54,035	20,845	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	207,430	161,580	45,850
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,056,225	521,185	535,040	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	3,375,110	1,675,960	1,699,150
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,505	483,190	497,310	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	3,147,180	1,561,420	1,585,760
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	44,400	54,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	980,815	483,265	497,550	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	3,148,375	1,561,645	1,586,735
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,800	34,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	39,600	47,600	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	897,540	451,120	446,420	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	2,869,935	1,456,690	1,413,250
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	51,200	36,000	36,800	44,000	30,800	43,200	54,000	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	762,840	391,880	370,965	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	2,438,175	1,267,255	1,170,925
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	38,000	38,000	44,400	32,800	44,400	55,200	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	833,025	405,905	427,120	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	2,675,790	1,312,270	1,363,520
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,140	950	2,740	4,240	1,960	6,450	1,620	1,010	4,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	70,610	32,260	38,350	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	245,140	118,390	126,750
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,600	5,840	7,300	5,720	5,560	5,960	6,240	5,640	7,050
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,005	482,985	497,015	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	3,146,890	1,560,995	1,585,890
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,200	77,400	51,450	52,350	61,250	43,800	60,750	74,200	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	980,295	483,045	497,250	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	3,147,975	1,561,230	1,586,750
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,800	60,800	43,040	42,920	49,000	37,160	49,720	59,050	40,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	897,990	451,595	446,395	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	2,871,550	1,456,805	1,414,740
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	64,500	78,300	50,560	51,040	60,800	41,320	60,350	74,400	45,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	762,865	392,125	370,740	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	2,438,445	1,267,615	1,170,835
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,450	75,800	50,440	50,560	58,800	41,800	59,450	72,000	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	833,205	406,035	427,170	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	2,676,295	1,312,765	1,363,530
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,005	4,932	7,020	7,950	6,990	8,800	6,720	5,635	7,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,185	31,980	38,210	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	244,330	117,410	126,920
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,230	7,210	9,090	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,990	7,020	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	352,800	198,465	154,335	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	1,111,760	636,785	474,975
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,500	76,500	62,400	60,000	66,000	53,600	68,500	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	91,200	104,000	74,800	73,200	81,900	62,250	83,800	95,700	67,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	292,225	136,270	155,955	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	941,295	443,225	498,070
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,800	32,400	26,000	24,200	28,000	21,800	30,000	37,200	25,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,240	51,500	36,040	35,200	41,280	29,720	43,280	54,050	33,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.6	88.2	87.6	91.2	83.0	90.6	93.6	86.0
Employment income (%)	77.0	79.6	73.2	71.8	75.0	67.2	75.8	78.8	71.0
Government transfers (%)	7.9	5.4	11.7	12.3	8.9	16.9	9.4	6.4	14.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.0	0.7	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	73,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	132,690	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	424,055	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	41,600	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	37,200	...	...	42,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	369,610	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	1,209,165	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	119,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	87,700	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	132,725	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	424,120	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	53,350	...	...	62,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	55,300	...	...	44,360	...	...	51,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	369,575	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	1,209,100	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	151,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	105,700	...	...	115,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	5,975	...	...	165,175	...	...	16,810	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,895	...	...	91,750	...	...	8,310	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	3,930	...	...	178,475	...	...	12,525	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,410	...	...	274,140	...	...	17,725	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	14,160	...	...	637,695	...	...	49,050	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	14,505	...	...	505,875	...	...	52,025	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	12,430	...	...	488,735	...	...	41,490	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	14,120	...	...	560,950	...	...	48,190	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	15,160	...	...	572,650	...	...	52,710	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	15,195	...	...	559,155	...	...	51,200	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	30,875	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	104,130	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	31,950	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	106,340	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	31,405	...	...	986,460	...	...	104,230	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	29,885	...	...	921,205	...	...	98,820	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	28,640	...	...	844,835	...	...	93,990	...	...
$100,000 and over	245,760	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	775,675	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	61,565	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	204,960	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	47,245	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	156,945	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	61,440	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	200,675	...	...
$200,000 and over	75,515	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	213,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Under $5,000	6,665	...	...	186,735	...	...	18,920	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	2,985	...	...	95,195	...	...	8,620	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	4,035	...	...	183,430	...	...	12,950	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5,855	...	...	289,545	...	...	18,925	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	15,290	...	...	681,900	...	...	52,455	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	16,415	...	...	589,110	...	...	58,000	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	14,475	...	...	582,275	...	...	48,620	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	16,635	...	...	666,675	...	...	56,195	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	18,230	...	...	676,995	...	...	62,115	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	18,030	...	...	655,100	...	...	60,880	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	37,875	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	126,900	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	38,390	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	127,780	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	36,910	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	122,795	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	35,205	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	117,335	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	31,690	...	...	911,515	...	...	106,445	...	...
$100,000 and over	203,605	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	634,290	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	64,210	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	214,810	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	45,680	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	149,640	...	...
$150,000 and over	93,720	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	269,845	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	350,080	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	1,150,150	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	119,715	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	423,245	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	170,690	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	527,475	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	47,790	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	162,425	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	196,265	100,210	96,060	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	612,970	318,840	294,130
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	45,200	43,200	38,400	40,000	36,800	43,600	46,400	40,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	40,000	38,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	39,200	41,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	350,020	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	1,149,555	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	151,600	...	...	128,600	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	105,600	...	...	115,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	119,860	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	423,255	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	140,800	...	...	112,500	...	...	128,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	170,590	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	528,270	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	178,600	...	...	160,600	...	...	167,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	130,600	...	...	136,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	47,630	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	161,495	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	82,300	...	...	85,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,600	...	...	71,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	196,265	100,075	96,185	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	612,950	318,115	294,835
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,850	61,150	58,550	49,440	52,050	46,880	56,550	60,100	52,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,480	50,080	48,880	41,560	43,080	40,120	47,360	49,600	44,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,535
0 to 17 years	279,980	143,740	136,235	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	953,865	490,345	463,520
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	302,980	155,160	147,820
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,605	424,880	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	2,638,940	1,317,995	1,320,945
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	584,915	279,845	305,065
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	115,560	55,845	59,720	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	382,820	182,970	199,855
0 to 17 years	30,045	15,495	14,550	854,565	439,490	415,075	107,130	54,765	52,370
0 to 5 years	9,980	5,085	4,895	282,315	144,250	138,065	36,250	18,465	17,790
18 to 64 years	68,060	33,225	34,835	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	213,795	103,030	110,765
65 years and over	17,455	7,120	10,335	985,745	391,695	594,050	61,890	25,180	36,720
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.7	9.2	11.1	10.5	11.6	9.2	8.8	9.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.8	10.7	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.2	11.2	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.0	11.1	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.0	11.9	12.0
18 to 64 years (%)	8.1	7.9	8.2	9.7	9.4	9.9	8.1	7.8	8.4
65 years and over (%)	10.4	9.0	11.7	15.0	12.7	16.9	10.6	9.0	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	4,132,995	2,065,555	2,067,435
0 to 17 years	279,975	143,740	136,235	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	936,965	481,700	455,265
0 to 5 years	90,035	46,090	43,945	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	298,005	152,625	145,380
18 to 64 years	844,490	419,610	424,880	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	2,614,300	1,305,610	1,308,690
65 years and over	167,305	78,810	88,495	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	581,730	278,250	303,475
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	74,755	38,790	35,970	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	187,885	96,630	91,255
0 to 17 years	16,260	8,345	7,910	319,545	164,490	155,060	43,110	21,925	21,180
0 to 5 years	5,165	2,630	2,530	99,435	50,875	48,560	13,945	7,045	6,900
18 to 64 years	52,615	27,685	24,930	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	130,620	68,100	62,525
65 years and over	5,885	2,755	3,135	199,155	83,010	116,145	14,155	6,605	7,550
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.8	6.0	5.5	5.2	5.4	5.0	4.6	4.7	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.8	5.8	5.8	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.6	4.6	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	5.7	5.7	5.8	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	6.2	6.6	5.9	6.0	6.4	5.7	5.0	5.2	4.8
65 years and over (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.1	2.7	3.3	2.4	2.4	2.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,291,770	642,160	649,610	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	4,177,715	2,088,185	2,089,530
In bottom half of the distribution	567,165	277,385	289,775	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	1,894,410	924,245	970,165
In bottom decile	107,675	54,440	53,230	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	345,410	172,330	173,080
In second decile	113,610	53,540	60,065	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	385,215	179,975	205,240
In third decile	112,705	54,705	58,005	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	380,170	184,770	195,400
In fourth decile	115,075	56,390	58,690	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	386,560	190,330	196,235
In fifth decile	118,100	58,310	59,790	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	397,055	196,830	200,215
In top half of the distribution	724,605	364,770	359,830	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	2,283,310	1,163,940	1,119,365
In sixth decile	122,380	60,845	61,535	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	406,615	204,040	202,575
In seventh decile	125,895	62,890	63,005	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	420,810	212,460	208,350
In eighth decile	132,170	66,300	65,865	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	440,225	223,690	216,535
In ninth decile	145,410	73,125	72,290	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	470,850	240,765	230,085
In top decile	198,750	101,615	97,135	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	544,810	282,985	261,825
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,291,770	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	4,177,720	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.376	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.350	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.471	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.307	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English only	1,177,415	591,385	586,025	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	3,894,690	1,960,785	1,933,905
French only	825	350	480	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	3,105	1,330	1,780
English and French	85,355	39,160	46,200	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	258,330	119,725	138,605
Neither English nor French	32,520	13,125	19,395	689,725	284,170	405,555	65,705	26,945	38,760
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	1,240,980	619,695	621,280	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	4,078,135	2,042,220	2,035,915
French	16,810	8,335	8,480	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	64,440	32,960	31,485
English and French	6,620	3,275	3,345	476,175	237,635	238,535	15,525	7,680	7,840
Neither English nor French	31,705	12,710	18,995	673,100	275,685	397,420	63,735	25,925	37,810
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	1,229,455	611,620	617,835	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	4,055,375	2,028,210	2,027,165
Official languages	846,405	428,260	418,145	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	3,148,690	1,591,780	1,556,910
English	830,305	420,265	410,040	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	3,083,840	1,558,570	1,525,265
French	16,100	7,990	8,105	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	64,855	33,210	31,645
Non-official languages	383,050	183,360	199,690	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	906,680	436,430	470,250
Indigenous languages³⁹	580	240	345	148,895	71,630	77,265	17,200	8,165	9,035
Algonquian languages	415	165	250	97,125	46,545	50,580	15,155	7,265	7,890
Blackfoot	175	80	90	2,520	1,180	1,340	2,470	1,160	1,315
Cree-Innu languages	185	70	120	67,665	32,715	34,950	12,290	5,920	6,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	185	70	120	53,070	25,645	27,430	12,290	5,920	6,365
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	155	70	85	5	0	5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	3,460	1,675	1,785	65	35	30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	2,475	1,075	1,395	65	25	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	15	30	5,025	2,345	2,675	1,590	705	890
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	1,305	650	655
Cree, n.o.s.	125	45	75	38,535	18,810	19,725	9,255	4,495	4,760
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	5	0	5
Naskapi	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	10	5	5
Mi'kmaq	5	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	10	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	55	15	40	21,775	10,230	11,550	385	180	205
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	865	400	460	5	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	20	5	10
Ojibway languages	45	15	35	11,605	5,300	6,300	355	170	185
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	470	235	235	20	10	10
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	0	15	1,880	850	1,030	235	110	125
Ojibway, n.o.s.	30	10	20	9,185	4,190	4,995	100	50	50
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	50	30	25	12,885	6,200	6,680	1,345	610	735
Northern Athabaskan languages	45	25	20	12,785	6,155	6,630	1,335	605	725
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	625	280	340	5	5	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	120	55	60	25	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	10	5	5	8,060	3,865	4,190	1,075	495	585
Gwich'in	0	0	0	175	70	105	10	0	5
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	1,505	755	755	150	65	85
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	400	195	200	105	45	55
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	270	120	150	20	10	10
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	840	440	400	30	10	20
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	35	10	20
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	5
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	20	15	10	25	15	10	20	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	120	50	65	5	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	45	20	25	15	5	10
Haida	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	5	5	33,790	16,480	17,315	145	40	100
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	5	0	0	560	220	340	25	5	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	335	140	200	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	225	85	140	20	5	15
Inuktitut	10	0	5	33,200	16,240	16,955	115	35	80
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	20	5	0	5
Iroquoian languages	5	5	0	355	150	205	10	5	5
Cayuga	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	5	5	0	275	115	155	10	5	5
Oneida	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	10	5	5	485	220	265	60	25	40
Salish languages	5	0	5	1,095	520	575	10	0	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	185	80	105	5	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	80	30	55	1,040	485	555	445	205	235
Assiniboine	0	0	0	70	40	25	10	0	5
Dakota	15	5	10	560	245	315	65	25	40
Stoney	60	20	40	365	180	190	360	175	180
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	45	20	20	10	5	10
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	1,035	515	515	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	590	300	290	5	5	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	770	385	385	5	0	5
Haisla	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	5	0	180	75	100	15	10	5
Non-Indigenous languages	382,470	183,120	199,345	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	889,485	428,270	461,215
Afro-Asiatic languages	34,290	17,610	16,680	698,355	359,625	338,730	82,270	42,330	39,935
Berber languages	125	70	55	27,490	14,715	12,775	335	185	150
Kabyle	90	45	45	24,760	13,130	11,625	220	110	115
Tamazight	30	20	10	2,340	1,365	975	95	60	30
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	395	225	170	25	10	15
Chadic languages	40	20	20	1,985	1,085	905	160	85	75
Hausa	40	20	20	1,315	740	570	145	80	65
Mina	0	0	0	675	340	335	10	5	10
Coptic	30	10	15	1,015	510	505	55	25	30
Cushitic languages	3,165	1,585	1,580	49,410	23,275	26,135	14,995	7,485	7,515
Bilen	170	85	85	2,020	1,085	935	650	345	300
Oromo	1,370	685	685	5,905	3,015	2,890	3,485	1,780	1,705
Somali	1,600	795	805	40,730	18,775	21,955	10,750	5,280	5,470
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	25	20	5	755	400	350	115	70	45
Semitic languages	30,935	15,925	15,005	618,450	320,045	298,405	66,720	34,555	32,165
Amharic	4,460	2,140	2,315	25,685	12,090	13,600	8,165	3,925	4,245
Arabic	20,395	10,695	9,705	508,410	265,350	243,060	46,425	24,385	22,045
Aramaic languages	635	305	330	27,690	13,465	14,220	835	405	430
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	325	160	165	17,220	8,320	8,900	445	225	220
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	215	100	110	8,860	4,335	4,525	265	125	140
Aramaic, n.o.s.	95	40	55	1,600	805	795	130	55	70
Harari	40	20	25	1,220	550	675	215	105	110
Hebrew	455	225	230	19,495	10,505	8,995	885	455	425
Maltese	15	5	10	4,425	2,080	2,340	55	25	25
Tigrigna	4,890	2,510	2,380	31,075	15,775	15,300	10,065	5,210	4,855
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	450	235	220	80	50	35
Austro-Asiatic languages	13,755	6,180	7,575	192,985	87,230	105,750	25,655	11,520	14,135
Khmer (Cambodian)	795	365	425	19,525	8,820	10,705	1,775	800	975
Vietnamese	12,855	5,750	7,100	173,000	78,180	94,820	23,705	10,615	13,090
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	110	60	50	460	230	225	175	100	75
Austronesian languages	51,040	22,530	28,505	565,375	238,875	326,500	131,755	58,110	73,640
Bikol	195	85	110	2,115	940	1,180	535	235	295
Bisaya, n.o.s.	865	370	495	8,215	3,425	4,790	2,265	985	1,285
Cebuano	1,840	815	1,020	18,945	7,800	11,145	5,210	2,300	2,910
Fijian	45	25	20	605	325	280	120	65	55
Hiligaynon	955	405	550	9,690	3,900	5,795	2,370	1,005	1,370
Ilocano	3,435	1,545	1,890	33,520	14,140	19,380	7,440	3,325	4,110
Indonesian	665	270	395	11,910	4,990	6,920	1,275	510	765
Kankanaey	190	80	110	1,100	465	640	370	155	220
Kinaray-a	85	40	40	670	275	395	165	80	90
Malagasy languages	30	15	10	2,085	990	1,090	50	20	30
Merina	5	0	0	1,245	580	670	5	0	5
Malagasy, n.o.s.	25	15	10	835	415	425	45	20	30
Malay	135	65	70	1,330	570	760	270	115	155
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	460	225	240	5,615	2,635	2,980	1,275	620	650
Pangasinan	195	95	100	2,050	900	1,150	515	235	280
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	41,375	18,235	23,135	461,150	194,805	266,345	108,395	47,810	60,590
Waray-Waray	155	75	75	1,625	690	935	415	195	225
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	420	180	235	4,740	2,035	2,705	1,075	475	605
Creole languages	560	275	285	78,235	35,650	42,580	1,745	875	875
Haitian Creole	165	75	85	52,435	23,355	29,085	455	230	225
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	5	600	315	290	60	35	30
Krio	55	25	30	795	365	435	270	130	140
Morisyen	95	50	50	6,125	3,015	3,110	325	165	160
Sango	0	0	0	580	280	300	5	0	5
Creole, n.o.s.	145	75	75	15,550	7,325	8,230	420	215	210
Creole languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	2,135	1,000	1,140	215	110	105
Dravidian languages	6,430	3,300	3,125	244,165	125,180	118,990	17,170	8,845	8,330
Kannada	355	180	175	6,240	3,215	3,020	585	295	295
Malayalam	2,655	1,335	1,320	54,050	29,375	24,670	8,785	4,450	4,330
Tamil	2,095	1,095	1,000	152,850	75,010	77,845	4,950	2,610	2,340
Telugu	1,255	660	595	30,045	17,095	12,950	2,715	1,425	1,295
Tulu	50	25	30	615	310	305	75	35	40
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	370	170	195	60	25	30
Georgian	120	70	55	2,180	1,175	1,005	200	110	90
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	182,725	89,715	93,015	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	454,815	224,310	230,505
Albanian	1,330	695	630	29,265	14,690	14,580	2,345	1,250	1,100
Armenian	260	135	125	33,720	16,335	17,385	490	240	245
Balto-Slavic languages	27,355	12,635	14,725	648,810	297,100	351,710	70,185	32,420	37,760
Baltic languages	435	205	230	10,560	4,425	6,135	885	405	475
Latvian	170	75	95	4,430	1,875	2,555	365	165	205
Lithuanian	270	130	140	6,130	2,555	3,580	515	240	275
Slavic languages	26,925	12,430	14,490	638,250	292,670	345,580	69,305	32,020	37,285
Belarusian	20	5	15	720	325	395	65	30	40
Bulgarian	785	395	390	19,035	9,090	9,950	1,300	640	660
Czech	1,190	545	650	20,025	9,215	10,815	2,700	1,265	1,435
Macedonian	135	70	70	14,795	7,075	7,720	365	185	185
Polish	6,845	3,190	3,650	160,170	72,120	88,050	17,540	8,130	9,410
Russian	9,460	4,205	5,255	197,905	89,100	108,800	17,735	7,850	9,890
Rusyn	0	5	0	500	240	255	30	20	10
Serbo-Croatian	4,440	2,150	2,290	116,735	56,900	59,835	10,350	5,085	5,270
Bosnian	780	380	405	13,820	6,785	7,040	1,860	905	960
Croatian	1,755	830	925	43,500	20,755	22,740	4,260	2,105	2,155
Serbian	1,830	900	925	57,425	28,410	29,015	4,040	1,975	2,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	75	40	35	1,995	945	1,045	190	100	90
Slovak	940	465	475	15,255	6,930	8,320	1,865	910	950
Slovene (Slovenian)	195	85	110	7,965	3,425	4,535	555	245	305
Ukrainian	2,900	1,315	1,585	84,705	38,005	46,695	16,750	7,630	9,125
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	440	235	205	40	20	15
Celtic languages	100	55	45	2,150	1,110	1,045	295	165	130
Irish	30	20	15	665	355	315	75	45	25
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	425	210	210	50	20	20
Welsh	40	25	20	825	410	420	145	75	65
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	230	135	95	30	20	15
Germanic languages	12,360	5,935	6,430	463,400	221,365	242,035	93,145	45,830	47,320
Frisian	30	15	15	1,570	800	775	250	145	105
High German languages	7,370	3,450	3,915	301,570	142,580	158,990	60,990	29,660	31,325
German	7,100	3,315	3,790	272,865	128,250	144,615	59,835	29,055	30,775
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	20	10	10
Swiss German	210	105	100	7,575	3,740	3,835	1,045	550	495
Yiddish	55	25	30	12,060	6,060	6,005	90	50	45
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,940	1,950	1,990	138,655	67,815	70,840	28,670	14,425	14,245
Afrikaans	905	445	455	12,270	6,175	6,095	3,150	1,555	1,595
Dutch	2,750	1,370	1,375	80,315	39,000	41,310	13,140	6,605	6,535
Low German, n.o.s.	20	15	10	8,670	4,255	4,420	3,060	1,545	1,510
Low Saxon	10	5	0	1,270	650	625	260	145	120
Plautdietsch	180	75	105	33,200	16,410	16,785	8,815	4,455	4,355
Vlaams (Flemish)	70	35	35	2,935	1,325	1,605	245	120	125
Scandinavian languages	1,000	495	505	20,275	9,500	10,775	3,155	1,540	1,615
Danish	560	295	265	9,945	4,750	5,195	1,850	945	910
Icelandic	40	20	20	905	430	480	95	45	55
Norwegian	165	70	95	3,535	1,675	1,860	525	245	285
Swedish	235	110	125	5,890	2,645	3,245	680	310	370
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	1,330	670	660	85	50	30
Greek	1,385	640	745	93,335	45,860	47,470	2,820	1,430	1,385
Indo-Iranian languages	98,325	49,490	48,840	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	197,415	100,095	97,320
Indo-Aryan languages	85,530	43,050	42,485	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	176,130	89,315	86,820
Assamese	45	20	25	545	265	280	85	45	40
Bengali	4,350	2,175	2,180	87,580	45,160	42,425	7,735	3,900	3,835
Gujarati	6,290	3,245	3,045	138,985	73,335	65,655	15,330	7,920	7,415
Hindi	7,905	3,990	3,920	152,825	79,585	73,240	18,815	9,525	9,285
Kacchi	1,030	455	580	6,930	3,100	3,830	1,625	720	905
Kashmiri	75	40	35	745	395	350	125	65	60
Konkani	160	75	85	3,425	1,675	1,745	345	170	180
Marathi	980	495	480	14,145	7,330	6,810	1,910	970	935
Nepali	2,195	1,135	1,065	23,425	11,920	11,510	5,900	3,035	2,865
Oriya languages	95	50	40	1,775	940	835	185	100	90
Odia	55	30	25	1,125	615	510	130	70	60
Oriya, n.o.s.	40	20	20	645	325	320	60	30	30
Punjabi (Panjabi)	43,685	21,975	21,710	666,585	341,515	325,065	91,070	46,205	44,870
Rohingya	25	10	10	545	265	280	30	20	15
Sindhi	285	150	135	3,985	2,070	1,915	685	345	340
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	960	475	490	18,000	8,895	9,110	2,700	1,380	1,325
Urdu	16,835	8,445	8,390	235,290	118,540	116,755	28,635	14,425	14,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	625	330	290	3,865	2,085	1,780	945	495	445
Iranian languages	12,760	6,425	6,335	300,555	150,160	150,390	21,225	10,750	10,470
Baluchi	50	30	15	555	305	250	65	40	25
Kurdish	1,055	515	540	16,485	8,770	7,715	2,010	1,035	975
Parsi	20	10	15	555	310	240	25	15	10
Pashto	1,960	1,000	960	19,520	10,170	9,355	2,960	1,505	1,460
Persian languages	9,625	4,835	4,780	262,625	130,180	132,440	16,065	8,115	7,955
Dari	2,800	1,400	1,395	57,220	28,070	29,155	5,005	2,490	2,515
Iranian Persian	5,565	2,800	2,765	179,425	89,070	90,360	9,030	4,585	4,445
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,255	635	620	25,975	13,040	12,930	2,035	1,040	995
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	815	425	390	90	45	45
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	305	165	140	60	30	30
Italic (Romance) languages	41,550	20,105	21,450	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	88,045	42,845	45,205
Catalan	45	15	25	905	470	440	70	30	45
Italian	4,100	2,060	2,040	319,505	154,295	165,205	9,505	4,745	4,755
Portuguese	4,065	1,935	2,125	240,680	115,235	125,450	9,910	4,750	5,165
Romanian	4,155	2,045	2,115	93,160	44,185	48,975	7,425	3,635	3,790
Spanish	29,175	14,035	15,135	538,870	259,500	279,375	61,090	29,655	31,435
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	1,165	610	550	45	25	20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	385	195	185	75	35	40
Japanese	2,195	735	1,455	43,850	14,205	29,650	4,575	1,550	3,025
Korean	10,205	4,705	5,510	170,400	77,075	93,325	19,240	8,935	10,305
Mongolian	450	200	245	1,850	800	1,050	565	255	310
Niger-Congo languages	5,870	2,945	2,920	108,295	52,850	55,440	16,500	8,265	8,235
Akan (Twi)	620	315	305	13,120	6,400	6,720	1,660	855	800
Bamanankan	10	10	5	1,855	1,000	860	30	20	10
Edo	90	45	40	1,685	745	940	245	125	115
Éwé	50	30	20	1,955	1,030	920	225	125	95
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	80	35	45	3,520	1,825	1,695	190	100	95
Ga	35	20	20	815	400	415	125	60	60
Ganda	60	25	30	1,890	885	1,010	315	160	160
Gikuyu	55	25	30	760	320	440	160	75	85
Igbo	730	380	355	5,175	2,720	2,460	1,380	725	650
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	190	95	95	7,380	3,365	4,015	1,135	550	585
Lingala	55	30	20	4,260	1,925	2,335	205	110	100
Luba-Kasai	25	5	15	520	245	275	55	30	30
Mòoré	0	0	0	515	260	260	40	20	20
Mwani	115	55	60	695	365	325	200	100	95
Ndebele	85	40	45	920	420	500	390	190	205
Rundi (Kirundi)	140	60	80	8,660	4,035	4,625	655	305	350
Shona	290	130	155	3,605	1,665	1,940	1,105	530	580
Soninke	10	5	0	505	315	190	25	10	10
Sotho-Tswana languages	35	15	25	520	200	320	150	50	100
Swahili	725	355	380	16,000	7,630	8,370	2,455	1,165	1,290
Wojenaka	5	0	0	1,030	495	535	25	10	15
Wolof	80	40	45	4,890	2,605	2,285	265	145	115
Yoruba	1,685	880	805	15,015	7,605	7,410	3,205	1,710	1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	700	335	360	13,000	6,405	6,590	2,265	1,090	1,170
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,270	640	625	6,920	3,565	3,355	2,450	1,275	1,175
Dinka	535	295	240	1,865	1,000	865	1,040	575	470
Nuer	375	165	215	1,090	515	570	625	290	335
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	305	155	155	3,395	1,745	1,645	650	340	310
African, n.o.s.	55	35	25	575	305	270	130	70	60
Sign languages	230	115	110	6,955	3,710	3,250	840	440	400
American Sign Language	185	100	85	4,965	2,635	2,335	695	370	330
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	1,005	555	450	140	70	70
Sino-Tibetan languages	67,255	31,260	36,000	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	118,025	54,995	63,030
Chinese languages	65,980	30,640	35,335	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	115,870	53,935	61,940
Hakka	280	135	150	9,765	4,420	5,345	880	405	470
Mandarin	31,270	14,465	16,810	679,255	310,750	368,510	54,135	25,165	28,970
Min Dong	30	15	15	1,310	665	645	55	25	30
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,205	515	690	27,805	12,415	15,390	2,400	1,040	1,360
Wu (Shanghainese)	250	125	125	8,880	3,995	4,880	440	215	225
Yue (Cantonese)	32,065	14,990	17,075	553,380	255,540	297,835	56,280	26,280	30,005
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	380	460	11,610	5,500	6,110	1,605	760	845
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	630	295	330	75	40	35
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,235	600	635	16,600	8,160	8,445	2,055	1,015	1,040
Burmese	255	120	135	3,305	1,590	1,710	415	205	215
Kuki-Chin languages	90	40	45	870	400	475	130	60	70
Karenic languages	220	110	115	4,520	2,240	2,275	725	365	355
S'gaw Karen	170	85	85	3,900	1,940	1,960	585	290	290
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	20	30	615	305	315	140	75	65
Tibetan	635	320	325	7,025	3,475	3,545	670	335	335
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	890	445	440	120	55	60
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	585	285	295	100	45	55
Tai-Kadai languages	1,070	390	685	22,350	8,605	13,745	3,040	1,110	1,935
Lao	415	195	215	11,485	5,475	6,010	950	460	490
Thai	620	175	445	10,455	2,960	7,495	2,010	620	1,390
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	410	165	240	85	35	55
Turkic languages	1,870	1,000	865	53,520	28,385	25,135	4,335	2,360	1,975
Azerbaijani	240	135	110	4,490	2,460	2,030	440	235	200
Kazakh	55	20	35	540	230	305	90	35	55
Turkish	1,340	730	610	44,190	23,615	20,570	3,290	1,825	1,460
Uyghur	65	30	35	1,355	660	690	130	60	70
Uzbek	95	45	45	1,805	890	920	240	130	110
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	1,150	530	620	145	65	75
Uralic languages	3,070	1,415	1,655	68,180	31,000	37,180	6,120	2,890	3,230
Estonian	70	35	35	4,485	1,945	2,535	165	75	90
Finnish	240	85	155	12,200	5,075	7,120	700	285	415
Hungarian	2,765	1,300	1,465	51,500	23,980	27,525	5,255	2,530	2,725
Other languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	1,060	540	520	170	85	80
Multiple responses	66,660	32,400	34,265	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	166,455	80,575	85,890
English and French	5,245	2,530	2,715	291,325	142,420	148,905	17,600	8,520	9,085
English and non-official language(s)	53,970	26,410	27,560	921,480	450,685	470,800	131,195	63,735	67,465
French and non-official language(s)	1,145	565	580	117,910	57,875	60,040	3,125	1,535	1,590
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,015	465	545	52,880	25,900	26,975	2,425	1,160	1,270
Multiple non-official languages	5,295	2,430	2,865	92,095	42,330	49,765	12,105	5,625	6,480
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
English	858,205	432,905	425,300	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	3,183,975	1,606,395	1,577,580
French	3,800	1,885	1,915	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	15,490	7,660	7,835
Non-official language	119,530	56,930	62,595	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	272,985	131,515	141,475
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	50,460	25,385	25,080	3,700	1,890	1,805
Non-Indigenous	119,485	56,915	62,570	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	269,280	129,620	139,665
English and French	12,035	5,650	6,380	953,760	465,560	488,205	41,100	19,580	21,515
English and non-official language(s)	283,170	137,555	145,610	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	664,935	323,185	341,750
French and non-official language(s)	525	235	290	395,320	188,195	207,125	1,590	725	865
English, French and non-official language(s)	6,990	3,275	3,715	455,760	217,995	237,770	17,280	8,175	9,105
Multiple non-official languages	11,860	5,575	6,290	200,320	93,165	107,155	24,475	11,545	12,930
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,296,120	644,020	652,095	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
Single responses	1,226,245	609,935	616,315	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	4,054,960	2,027,555	2,027,400
Official languages	983,495	492,440	491,055	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	3,504,300	1,758,870	1,745,425
English	977,675	489,585	488,090	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	3,481,545	1,747,645	1,733,895
French	5,820	2,860	2,965	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	22,755	11,225	11,530
Non-official languages	242,750	117,500	125,255	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	550,665	268,690	281,975
Indigenous languages³⁹	105	40	60	85,835	42,950	42,885	7,175	3,615	3,565
Algonquian languages	65	30	35	50,135	25,010	25,120	6,355	3,210	3,140
Blackfoot	35	15	20	980	495	480	965	490	475
Cree-Innu languages	25	15	15	38,255	19,165	19,090	5,290	2,670	2,615
Atikamekw	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	25	15	15	26,700	13,425	13,270	5,290	2,670	2,615
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	5	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	665	305	360	5	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	1,455	730	725	475	235	240
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	830	430	405	290	150	145
Cree, n.o.s.	15	5	10	20,585	10,400	10,180	4,510	2,275	2,230
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	5	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	8,250	4,100	4,155	95	45	45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	5	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	3,480	1,685	1,800	90	45	45
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	145	70	70	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	390	195	200	60	30	30
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	25	5	15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	7,260	3,675	3,585	685	345	340
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	5	7,230	3,655	3,575	680	340	340
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	220	100	125	5	0	5
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	30	10	15	10	0	10
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	5	5,255	2,610	2,650	585	300	290
Gwich'in	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	705	390	315	70	40	35
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	200	110	95	60	30	30
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	115	60	55	5	5	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	395	220	175	10	0	5
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	15	5	10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	15	5	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	150	80	70	15	10	10
Salish languages	5	5	0	260	130	130	5	5	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	20	5	15	240	110	130	100	45	55
Assiniboine	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	120	65	60	10	5	5
Stoney	20	5	10	90	40	55	85	35	45
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	5	5	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	242,650	117,455	125,195	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	543,490	265,075	278,415
Afro-Asiatic languages	21,960	10,980	10,975	395,840	197,010	198,830	52,375	26,290	26,085
Berber languages	45	30	15	11,295	5,940	5,355	165	85	80
Kabyle	35	20	15	10,180	5,325	4,850	95	50	45
Tamazight	5	5	5	840	455	380	55	30	25
Berber languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	280	155	130	10	5	5
Chadic languages	25	10	10	835	425	410	105	60	45
Hausa	25	10	10	635	330	305	105	60	45
Mina	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	15	10	5	545	265	280	15	5	5
Cushitic languages	2,135	1,040	1,100	30,375	14,115	16,260	10,170	5,010	5,155
Bilen	130	65	70	1,645	890	760	490	255	240
Oromo	995	495	495	3,890	1,935	1,960	2,580	1,305	1,270
Somali	1,010	470	535	24,410	11,075	13,335	7,045	3,425	3,620
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	425	215	205	50	25	25
Semitic languages	19,740	9,895	9,845	352,790	176,270	176,520	41,920	21,120	20,800
Amharic	2,800	1,320	1,485	14,030	6,470	7,565	5,025	2,385	2,635
Arabic	12,395	6,275	6,120	285,915	143,650	142,260	28,040	14,195	13,840
Aramaic languages	485	230	255	20,740	9,940	10,800	630	310	325
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	250	120	130	12,935	6,150	6,785	310	155	160
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	150	75	80	6,585	3,185	3,400	190	90	95
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	45	45	1,220	605	615	135	65	65
Harari	25	10	15	680	305	380	140	70	70
Hebrew	235	115	115	8,515	4,355	4,160	415	215	200
Maltese	5	5	0	795	360	435	10	5	5
Tigrigna	3,765	1,920	1,845	21,860	11,050	10,810	7,600	3,905	3,700
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	250	135	115	60	35	20
Austro-Asiatic languages	9,355	4,270	5,090	127,730	58,660	69,070	17,075	7,795	9,285
Khmer (Cambodian)	430	190	240	10,650	4,765	5,880	975	430	545
Vietnamese	8,840	4,030	4,810	116,785	53,735	63,055	15,945	7,280	8,670
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	80	45	35	300	160	135	155	90	65
Austronesian languages	32,480	15,230	17,250	326,245	149,550	176,700	82,190	38,845	43,345
Bikol	75	35	35	760	370	395	200	100	100
Bisaya, n.o.s.	470	220	245	4,125	1,895	2,230	1,250	595	660
Cebuano	1,090	530	560	10,195	4,720	5,480	2,990	1,435	1,555
Fijian	10	5	0	200	110	85	25	15	10
Hiligaynon	520	250	270	5,015	2,265	2,750	1,290	610	680
Ilocano	2,135	990	1,150	18,350	8,350	10,000	4,450	2,075	2,375
Indonesian	225	115	110	4,150	1,985	2,170	435	215	220
Kankanaey	110	50	55	585	265	320	210	95	120
Kinaray-a	50	30	20	320	150	170	85	40	45
Malagasy languages	15	5	10	725	370	355	20	10	10
Merina	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	15	5	5	390	205	190	20	10	10
Malay	40	20	20	280	145	140	65	30	30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	240	120	120	3,030	1,435	1,590	700	330	370
Pangasinan	50	25	20	680	310	375	180	85	95
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	27,210	12,710	14,500	275,045	125,870	149,170	69,570	32,865	36,705
Waray-Waray	70	40	30	680	325	360	205	100	110
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	180	90	90	2,100	1,000	1,105	500	245	255
Creole languages	325	155	170	35,195	15,455	19,740	1,010	485	525
Haitian Creole	115	60	60	22,610	9,620	12,990	295	140	155
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	300	125	175	45	15	25
Krio	20	15	10	360	150	210	120	55	60
Morisyen	70	35	40	3,640	1,760	1,880	235	115	115
Sango	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	70	35	35	7,120	3,275	3,845	205	105	100
Creole languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	870	395	475	110	45	65
Dravidian languages	4,160	2,085	2,080	169,705	85,265	84,440	11,840	5,985	5,855
Kannada	190	90	95	3,060	1,575	1,485	305	150	160
Malayalam	1,785	890	900	35,390	19,010	16,380	6,270	3,150	3,120
Tamil	1,395	710	680	112,335	54,240	58,095	3,480	1,790	1,690
Telugu	760	375	380	18,470	10,215	8,250	1,705	860	845
Tulu	30	15	15	240	120	120	45	20	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	205	105	105	35	15	20
Georgian	75	40	30	1,335	730	610	130	75	60
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	112,245	55,440	56,805	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	265,460	131,850	133,610
Albanian	610	325	290	14,110	7,005	7,100	1,040	550	490
Armenian	140	65	75	21,970	10,415	11,550	245	115	125
Balto-Slavic languages	12,980	6,225	6,760	303,480	143,495	159,985	28,760	13,815	14,945
Baltic languages	195	95	95	2,495	1,120	1,380	345	175	170
Latvian	70	40	35	880	395	485	140	75	65
Lithuanian	120	60	60	1,615	720	895	205	105	105
Slavic languages	12,790	6,130	6,660	300,985	142,375	158,610	28,415	13,640	14,775
Belarusian	10	5	5	215	100	115	20	10	10
Bulgarian	360	175	185	10,315	5,005	5,310	595	290	305
Czech	345	160	185	5,680	2,705	2,980	765	365	400
Macedonian	70	35	35	6,105	2,880	3,225	180	95	90
Polish	2,795	1,345	1,455	65,140	30,225	34,915	6,810	3,230	3,575
Russian	6,055	2,880	3,170	125,780	59,290	66,490	10,885	5,205	5,680
Rusyn	0	0	0	290	155	135	10	10	5
Serbo-Croatian	1,860	905	960	53,150	25,720	27,430	4,370	2,105	2,265
Bosnian	315	155	160	6,480	3,135	3,345	750	360	395
Croatian	650	300	350	14,925	6,965	7,960	1,525	740	785
Serbian	895	440	450	31,110	15,310	15,800	2,055	990	1,065
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	640	315	325	35	20	20
Slovak	350	165	180	5,015	2,410	2,605	585	285	295
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	1,375	595	785	105	50	50
Ukrainian	905	435	470	27,825	13,250	14,580	4,080	1,990	2,090
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	95	55	40	15	5	5
Celtic languages	15	5	10	555	295	265	50	25	25
Irish	5	5	0	310	165	145	15	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	5	105	55	55	20	10	15
Welsh	5	0	5	100	55	45	10	5	5
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	40	25	15	10	5	5
Germanic languages	1,535	735	805	140,450	68,575	71,875	40,925	20,195	20,730
Frisian	5	5	5	270	110	155	40	25	20
High German languages	665	320	345	103,780	50,460	53,325	29,275	14,360	14,920
German	640	305	335	86,820	41,815	45,005	29,025	14,235	14,790
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	5	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	1,750	870	875	240	115	125
Yiddish	10	5	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	10	5	5
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	345	380	33,710	16,730	16,980	11,310	5,675	5,630
Afrikaans	435	215	225	6,095	3,055	3,035	1,720	850	870
Dutch	275	125	150	8,100	3,950	4,150	1,520	725	800
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	2,280	1,170	1,115
Low Saxon	0	0	0	490	240	245	135	65	65
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	5,620	2,850	2,770
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	5	10	220	100	120	35	15	20
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	1,940	920	1,020	280	130	150
Danish	40	20	20	615	280	340	100	50	50
Icelandic	10	5	5	175	75	95	25	10	10
Norwegian	15	10	5	260	125	135	35	15	20
Swedish	70	30	40	890	435	450	130	55	75
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	740	355	390	15	10	5
Greek	430	185	245	38,300	17,490	20,810	935	430	505
Indo-Iranian languages	73,220	36,630	36,595	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	146,225	73,640	72,580
Indo-Aryan languages	64,720	32,425	32,290	962,820	490,815	472,000	132,370	66,780	65,590
Assamese	20	10	15	215	110	110	40	20	20
Bengali	2,905	1,420	1,490	56,750	28,435	28,315	5,085	2,505	2,580
Gujarati	4,045	2,085	1,960	92,005	47,790	44,215	10,620	5,435	5,185
Hindi	5,165	2,605	2,565	91,930	47,555	44,375	12,295	6,225	6,075
Kacchi	565	235	325	3,055	1,310	1,750	830	345	480
Kashmiri	50	25	30	270	130	140	70	35	40
Konkani	70	35	35	880	415	470	130	65	70
Marathi	565	285	280	7,460	3,800	3,660	1,145	570	570
Nepali	1,565	805	765	16,835	8,595	8,235	4,280	2,200	2,080
Oriya languages	40	20	20	795	420	375	75	40	35
Odia	25	15	10	525	275	250	55	30	25
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	270	145	130	20	15	10
Punjabi (Panjabi)	36,445	18,325	18,120	520,390	266,775	253,610	75,180	38,085	37,090
Rohingya	10	5	5	410	195	215	15	10	10
Sindhi	165	85	75	2,110	1,060	1,050	405	205	200
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	520	255	265	9,665	4,775	4,890	1,595	790	805
Urdu	12,250	6,075	6,175	158,040	78,420	79,615	20,080	9,990	10,085
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	340	165	175	2,015	1,040	975	520	255	265
Iranian languages	8,490	4,190	4,295	204,420	99,545	104,875	13,835	6,850	6,980
Baluchi	30	15	15	330	170	155	35	20	15
Kurdish	735	355	380	10,380	5,245	5,135	1,310	655	660
Parsi	10	5	5	280	130	150	15	5	10
Pashto	1,215	625	595	13,215	6,670	6,545	1,920	960	960
Persian languages	6,470	3,185	3,285	179,745	87,075	92,670	10,495	5,190	5,310
Dari	1,710	830	880	36,190	17,395	18,795	2,990	1,435	1,560
Iranian Persian	3,900	1,930	1,975	125,840	61,060	64,780	6,150	3,065	3,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	860	430	430	17,715	8,620	9,095	1,360	690	670
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	475	250	225	50	20	30
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	125	70	55	25	15	10
Italic (Romance) languages	23,265	11,255	12,015	577,735	273,965	303,770	47,235	23,055	24,180
Catalan	25	10	15	370	185	190	45	20	25
Italian	945	425	520	92,755	38,750	54,005	2,140	915	1,220
Portuguese	2,220	1,090	1,125	118,730	56,685	62,045	4,585	2,230	2,355
Romanian	1,980	980	995	48,090	23,135	24,955	3,525	1,745	1,775
Spanish	18,095	8,740	9,360	317,365	155,005	162,360	36,925	18,135	18,790
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	425	210	220	25	10	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	190	95	95	50	20	25
Japanese	1,075	455	615	20,055	8,290	11,765	2,195	920	1,275
Korean	7,740	3,650	4,090	125,525	58,250	67,275	14,510	6,915	7,590
Mongolian	305	135	170	1,050	505	545	360	165	200
Niger-Congo languages	2,045	965	1,080	38,600	18,055	20,545	6,470	3,055	3,415
Akan (Twi)	315	155	160	6,000	2,755	3,240	750	370	380
Bamanankan	0	0	0	560	280	280	15	10	5
Edo	5	5	5	365	150	215	40	25	20
Éwé	10	5	10	470	225	245	50	30	25
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	45	25	25	1,315	665	650	145	70	75
Ga	15	5	5	260	115	150	30	15	20
Ganda	15	5	10	555	260	295	110	50	60
Gikuyu	10	5	5	105	50	55	20	10	10
Igbo	195	100	100	1,530	770	765	445	215	225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	80	40	45	2,720	1,205	1,520	565	255	315
Lingala	35	10	20	1,520	655	860	140	60	80
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	90	35	60	20	10	15
Mòoré	0	0	0	70	30	35	20	10	10
Mwani	20	10	5	160	85	75	50	30	25
Ndebele	40	20	20	295	130	160	140	65	80
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	3,780	1,760	2,025	330	160	175
Shona	85	35	50	1,035	480	555	375	180	195
Soninke	10	5	5	235	145	85	15	5	5
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	130	45	85	55	20	35
Swahili	275	125	145	7,055	3,290	3,765	1,100	505	595
Wojenaka	0	0	0	290	130	160	5	5	5
Wolof	50	25	20	1,945	1,040	910	175	100	80
Yoruba	615	290	325	5,395	2,505	2,890	1,175	565	610
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	150	65	80	2,720	1,250	1,470	670	300	375
Nilo-Saharan languages	700	350	350	3,155	1,555	1,600	1,265	640	625
Dinka	325	185	145	900	485	420	560	310	245
Nuer	255	110	145	645	295	355	400	185	220
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	120	60	60	1,465	705	760	280	135	145
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	140	75	70	20	10	10
Sign languages	380	210	165	12,160	7,005	5,160	1,325	765	560
American Sign Language	295	160	135	8,175	4,660	3,515	1,065	610	455
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	5	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	80	50	30	2,520	1,515	1,000	255	150	105
Sino-Tibetan languages	47,145	22,180	24,965	967,965	450,210	517,755	81,325	38,350	42,970
Chinese languages	46,220	21,715	24,505	955,685	444,115	511,565	79,775	37,570	42,200
Hakka	80	30	50	3,625	1,645	1,985	310	125	180
Mandarin	23,495	11,210	12,290	530,945	249,675	281,270	40,005	19,245	20,765
Min Dong	5	5	5	775	370	405	20	5	10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	460	185	280	13,945	6,255	7,685	985	405	575
Wu (Shanghainese)	150	75	75	5,750	2,705	3,050	265	130	140
Yue (Cantonese)	21,510	9,980	11,530	393,430	180,000	213,435	37,205	17,195	20,010
Chinese, n.o.s.	500	230	270	6,985	3,360	3,625	965	455	505
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	225	110	115	25	15	15
Tibeto-Burman languages	910	460	455	11,990	5,960	6,035	1,505	765	745
Burmese	160	75	80	2,075	1,010	1,070	250	125	125
Kuki-Chin languages	85	40	45	660	320	340	120	60	60
Karenic languages	165	80	85	3,400	1,725	1,675	565	280	280
S'gaw Karen	125	65	60	2,960	1,500	1,460	460	230	225
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	40	15	25	440	225	210	105	50	55
Tibetan	485	250	235	5,395	2,680	2,705	510	265	245
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	465	225	240	60	25	30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	290	135	155	50	20	25
Tai-Kadai languages	435	205	230	10,120	4,660	5,460	1,410	655	755
Lao	175	80	95	5,955	2,850	3,105	430	205	230
Thai	240	110	125	3,955	1,725	2,230	930	430	495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	210	85	125	50	20	35
Turkic languages	1,135	580	560	32,490	16,530	15,960	2,685	1,405	1,285
Azerbaijani	120	55	65	2,200	1,095	1,105	235	115	120
Kazakh	15	10	5	105	55	50	25	15	10
Turkish	910	470	440	27,970	14,290	13,685	2,180	1,145	1,035
Uyghur	35	15	20	850	420	435	80	40	40
Uzbek	40	15	25	950	470	480	125	65	55
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	410	195	210	45	25	25
Uralic languages	1,065	505	555	18,790	8,625	10,165	1,805	860	945
Estonian	5	0	5	615	245	370	25	10	10
Finnish	35	20	15	1,880	825	1,050	110	55	50
Hungarian	1,025	490	540	16,295	7,550	8,745	1,675	795	880
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	390	195	195	70	35	35
Multiple responses	69,870	34,085	35,785	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	166,875	81,225	85,650
English and French	2,485	1,205	1,285	230,955	112,070	118,880	8,010	3,875	4,130
English and non-official language(s)	64,950	31,765	33,190	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	152,980	74,600	78,375
French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	125,525	60,405	65,125	770	345	430
English, French and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	56,805	27,370	29,430	1,755	845	915
Multiple non-official languages	1,550	715	835	26,705	12,190	14,515	3,355	1,560	1,795
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,296,115	644,020	652,100	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	4,221,835	2,108,780	2,113,050
None	1,038,845	519,700	519,145	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	3,610,710	1,812,855	1,797,850
English	97,335	47,975	49,365	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	224,860	111,370	113,495
French	9,450	4,360	5,090	571,040	268,530	302,510	30,900	14,530	16,375
Non-official language	116,850	55,575	61,275	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	279,795	133,050	146,750
Indigenous³⁹	600	265	330	63,565	29,285	34,280	10,470	4,835	5,630
Non-Indigenous	116,250	55,305	60,945	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	269,325	128,210	141,115
English and French	1,235	595	640	86,185	42,600	43,585	2,825	1,370	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	15,885	7,880	8,005	323,845	161,995	161,850	34,750	17,340	17,410
French and non-official language(s)	3,285	1,535	1,755	134,565	61,575	72,995	7,875	3,655	4,220
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	105	90	11,870	5,975	5,895	565	295	275
Multiple non-official languages	13,040	6,300	6,735	234,905	115,470	119,430	29,550	14,325	15,225
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Official languages	1,259,370	628,960	630,410	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	4,113,035	2,061,660	2,051,375
English	1,258,480	628,565	629,915	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	4,109,720	2,060,230	2,049,495
French	86,135	39,155	46,980	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	260,415	119,860	140,560
Non-official languages	518,025	249,240	268,785	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	1,215,795	587,465	628,325
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,600	630	965	243,155	116,360	126,795	32,910	15,640	17,275
Algonquian languages	1,045	395	650	163,815	78,135	85,675	29,220	13,945	15,275
Blackfoot	460	180	275	6,680	3,120	3,560	6,605	3,085	3,515
Cree-Innu languages	520	215	305	105,850	50,975	54,870	22,000	10,590	11,410
Atikamekw	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	520	215	305	87,875	42,340	45,530	21,980	10,585	11,395
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	420	220	200	10	10	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	895	450	445	15	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	190	100	90
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	25	15	10	4,675	2,025	2,645	150	60	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	220	65	155	12,005	5,440	6,555	4,265	1,840	2,425
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	25	25	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	2,155	1,060	1,100
Cree, n.o.s.	235	105	130	61,000	29,930	31,070	15,405	7,600	7,800
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	20	10	15
Naskapi	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	10,035	4,770	5,260	50	25	25
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	9,245	4,370	4,880	50	25	25
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	120	40	85	42,865	20,015	22,850	1,050	480	570
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	10	0	10
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	40	10	30
Ojibway languages	120	40	85	26,160	11,930	14,235	1,020	470	555
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	0	10	2,035	875	1,165	70	40	35
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	55	10	45	3,625	1,670	1,955	635	290	345
Ojibway, n.o.s.	50	15	30	20,720	9,495	11,225	320	135	185
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	225	90	135	20,390	9,635	10,755	2,510	1,145	1,365
Northern Athabaskan languages	215	85	130	20,135	9,515	10,620	2,490	1,140	1,350
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	20	0	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	270	125	145	60	25	30
Dene, n.o.s.	25	15	15	11,560	5,470	6,085	1,760	840	920
Gwich'in	0	0	0	295	115	180	20	15	10
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	2,330	1,140	1,190	395	165	230
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	0	10	775	355	420	285	120	165
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	415	195	215	25	15	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	125	45	80
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	480	265	220	20	15	10
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	235	140	100	15	10	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	80	35	45
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	170	70	100	175	75	100	170	70	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	290	140	150	10	0	0
Tlingit	10	0	0	150	75	75	15	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	110	55	55	10	0	10
Haida	0	0	0	245	90	155	15	10	10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	42,795	20,980	21,820	180	60	120
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	20	10	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	350	145	205	20	10	10
Inuktitut	35	10	30	41,680	20,495	21,185	160	55	100
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	0	2,055	880	1,175	40	15	25
Cayuga	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	0	1,605	655	950	40	10	25
Oneida	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	215	90	120	20	0	15
Michif	30	10	20	1,905	850	1,050	235	105	130
Salish languages	20	20	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	20	20	10
Halkomelem	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	510	300	215	15	10	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	215	115	100	2,965	1,465	1,495	1,155	580	580
Assiniboine	15	0	15	370	195	175	130	55	70
Dakota	20	20	0	1,530	715	810	200	105	95
Stoney	170	90	80	925	470	455	890	455	430
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	325	180	140	90	50	40
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	15	10	10
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	465	210	255	10	0	0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	2,205	1,010	1,200	30	10	20
Haisla	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	820	355	465	15	0	10
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	645	310	335	25	15	10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	0	15	855	405	450	105	35	65
Non-Indigenous languages	516,570	248,665	267,905	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	1,183,510	572,060	611,450
Afro-Asiatic languages	52,310	27,045	25,265	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	123,440	63,820	59,620
Berber languages	275	175	95	42,835	22,775	20,060	630	370	260
Kabyle	165	90	70	37,415	19,660	17,755	425	215	210
Tamazight	80	60	20	4,735	2,720	2,015	180	135	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	25	25	10	1,330	750	575	55	40	15
Chadic languages	350	215	135	7,090	3,740	3,350	845	500	345
Hausa	340	210	135	5,080	2,695	2,380	810	470	335
Mina	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	35	30	10
Coptic	85	35	45	3,690	1,790	1,900	135	70	65
Cushitic languages	4,685	2,455	2,225	71,930	34,430	37,500	20,915	10,520	10,385
Bilen	235	130	105	2,745	1,490	1,260	810	415	385
Oromo	2,085	1,115	970	9,635	4,860	4,780	5,390	2,775	2,610
Somali	2,420	1,260	1,165	59,005	27,735	31,270	14,865	7,395	7,475
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	1,400	760	645	170	90	80
Semitic languages	48,400	24,960	23,435	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	105,580	54,910	50,670
Amharic	8,360	4,130	4,230	48,305	23,910	24,395	15,775	8,070	7,700
Arabic	33,325	17,480	15,845	838,045	436,510	401,540	76,760	40,430	36,335
Aramaic languages	820	480	345	39,655	19,690	19,965	1,125	625	495
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	345	210	135	23,865	11,765	12,100	470	260	205
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	370	210	160	13,285	6,625	6,655	435	255	190
Aramaic, n.o.s.	120	65	50	3,195	1,625	1,570	235	125	105
Harari	80	45	35	2,000	925	1,075	365	190	175
Hebrew	1,975	1,000	975	83,205	42,515	40,685	3,710	1,935	1,770
Maltese	30	15	15	6,535	3,080	3,450	80	40	40
Tigrigna	7,570	3,870	3,695	45,970	23,120	22,845	15,380	7,855	7,515
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	125	90	40	1,760	1,065	695	420	285	130
Austro-Asiatic languages	19,430	8,935	10,495	260,030	120,035	139,995	35,940	16,645	19,295
Khmer (Cambodian)	1,135	540	595	28,390	13,100	15,290	2,685	1,275	1,410
Vietnamese	18,090	8,270	9,820	232,800	107,435	125,355	33,020	15,240	17,785
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	270	150	120	910	455	455	390	225	165
Austronesian languages	70,310	31,065	39,240	793,275	336,445	456,840	181,630	80,370	101,260
Bikol	505	265	240	4,260	1,975	2,275	1,140	605	535
Bisaya, n.o.s.	1,065	475	595	10,990	4,625	6,375	3,010	1,285	1,720
Cebuano	3,285	1,510	1,775	33,045	13,790	19,250	8,560	3,850	4,710
Fijian	90	50	40	1,765	900	865	330	170	165
Hiligaynon	1,265	525	735	16,385	6,650	9,735	3,750	1,590	2,160
Ilocano	6,395	2,785	3,610	61,680	25,280	36,400	13,710	5,825	7,885
Indonesian	1,175	545	635	19,815	8,895	10,915	2,410	1,045	1,355
Kankanaey	250	105	145	1,950	770	1,175	615	230	380
Kinaray-a	85	50	35	860	345	510	175	95	80
Malagasy languages	40	20	20	3,885	1,960	1,920	80	30	45
Merina	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	30	15	10	1,565	785	780	70	30	35
Malay	780	350	430	10,770	4,995	5,775	1,705	805	900
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	1,130	490	635	10,555	4,690	5,865	2,670	1,210	1,465
Pangasinan	460	235	225	4,455	1,885	2,575	1,215	560	660
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	66,715	29,420	37,300	737,565	310,735	426,830	172,625	76,255	96,375
Waray-Waray	390	190	200	4,520	1,910	2,610	1,015	460	550
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	1,700	770	925	20,140	8,785	11,355	5,045	2,295	2,750
Creole languages	1,915	975	940	184,840	85,045	99,790	5,360	2,730	2,630
Haitian Creole	540	285	255	134,895	61,215	73,680	1,435	765	670
Jamaican English Creole	135	55	80	4,875	2,200	2,675	480	210	275
Krio	125	60	60	1,955	870	1,090	530	260	270
Morisyen	355	170	185	15,345	7,620	7,725	855	425	430
Sango	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	30	25	0
Creole, n.o.s.	475	275	205	31,220	14,400	16,825	1,250	670	585
Creole languages, n.i.e.	470	225	240	9,585	4,575	5,005	1,160	580	580
Dravidian languages	10,080	5,160	4,920	359,485	185,160	174,325	25,790	13,240	12,545
Kannada	1,075	550	530	18,420	9,660	8,760	1,785	915	870
Malayalam	3,775	1,935	1,840	77,910	42,025	35,890	12,090	6,195	5,890
Tamil	4,200	2,140	2,055	237,890	119,570	118,320	10,105	5,340	4,760
Telugu	2,335	1,220	1,115	54,685	30,575	24,110	5,040	2,575	2,465
Tulu	70	35	35	1,765	935	835	160	80	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	970	450	520	105	55	50
Georgian	220	120	100	3,015	1,565	1,445	315	175	140
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	257,340	126,440	130,900	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	607,625	300,360	307,265
Albanian	1,825	990	840	38,345	19,410	18,935	3,130	1,730	1,405
Armenian	460	265	195	44,500	21,675	22,825	795	440	355
Balto-Slavic languages	34,205	16,055	18,150	820,305	384,390	435,915	88,305	41,660	46,640
Baltic languages	485	220	270	13,890	5,900	7,985	975	425	545
Latvian	155	65	90	6,020	2,595	3,425	330	130	195
Lithuanian	330	155	175	7,895	3,325	4,570	650	300	350
Slavic languages	33,920	15,935	17,985	809,985	380,025	429,960	87,775	41,425	46,350
Belarusian	85	30	50	2,825	1,185	1,640	280	120	165
Bulgarian	985	445	540	24,210	11,805	12,400	1,680	800	880
Czech	1,940	970	970	28,625	13,595	15,030	3,880	1,930	1,950
Macedonian	290	135	150	23,015	10,965	12,050	635	295	345
Polish	8,485	4,025	4,460	204,460	94,135	110,325	22,385	10,655	11,730
Russian	14,155	6,685	7,470	309,235	145,375	163,860	29,760	14,030	15,725
Rusyn	0	0	0	680	345	330	40	35	15
Serbo-Croatian	6,010	2,820	3,195	155,775	76,800	78,975	13,860	6,820	7,035
Bosnian	1,560	745	810	25,380	12,555	12,825	3,470	1,675	1,795
Croatian	3,010	1,400	1,615	73,845	36,015	37,830	6,945	3,440	3,510
Serbian	2,905	1,385	1,520	83,735	41,550	42,185	6,415	3,155	3,260
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	120	55	65	3,085	1,590	1,500	260	115	140
Slovak	1,295	590	700	20,905	9,455	11,450	2,540	1,165	1,375
Slovene (Slovenian)	280	115	165	10,650	4,715	5,935	770	335	440
Ukrainian	4,265	1,890	2,375	131,655	59,230	72,425	23,340	10,625	12,715
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	770	385	385	55	20	35
Celtic languages	435	245	190	10,485	5,430	5,055	1,175	565	610
Irish	205	125	85	5,360	2,940	2,415	535	260	275
Scottish Gaelic	85	35	40	2,170	1,050	1,120	240	110	130
Welsh	135	80	60	2,170	1,015	1,155	335	170	165
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	910	495	415	70	30	40
Germanic languages	21,235	10,295	10,935	658,705	319,800	338,905	107,065	53,150	53,915
Frisian	55	20	35	2,835	1,480	1,350	385	175	210
High German languages	14,220	6,860	7,360	453,995	222,215	231,780	66,405	33,105	33,300
German	13,950	6,720	7,235	419,195	204,840	214,355	65,370	32,550	32,820
Pennsylvania German	10	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	30	15	10
Swiss German	350	165	185	10,465	5,025	5,440	1,585	785	800
Yiddish	110	65	40	20,155	10,105	10,045	215	135	85
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5,870	2,990	2,885	191,840	93,435	98,405	38,720	19,390	19,320
Afrikaans	1,785	960	825	29,670	15,335	14,335	5,940	3,005	2,935
Dutch	3,780	1,890	1,885	107,985	51,330	56,650	17,170	8,515	8,655
Low German, n.o.s.	40	25	15	10,555	5,245	5,315	4,055	2,030	2,020
Low Saxon	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	290	150	140
Plautdietsch	230	90	135	41,165	20,590	20,575	11,395	5,810	5,590
Vlaams (Flemish)	125	60	65	3,985	1,825	2,155	370	180	195
Scandinavian languages	1,920	895	1,030	37,500	17,205	20,300	5,305	2,545	2,760
Danish	940	480	460	14,700	6,805	7,900	2,525	1,295	1,225
Icelandic	50	15	35	1,475	685	790	135	45	85
Norwegian	380	165	215	8,860	4,180	4,675	1,235	555	680
Swedish	630	275	355	14,620	6,765	7,855	1,620	760	855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	1,275	720	555	105	60	45
Greek	2,155	1,065	1,090	145,060	71,685	73,375	4,645	2,365	2,280
Indo-Iranian languages	132,795	67,155	65,640	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	266,095	135,440	130,660
Indo-Aryan languages	118,560	60,020	58,540	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	242,500	123,495	119,005
Assamese	80	45	35	1,155	590	565	190	105	90
Bengali	6,005	3,015	2,990	120,605	62,330	58,270	10,675	5,385	5,285
Gujarati	10,800	5,485	5,315	209,415	110,000	99,405	24,780	12,630	12,150
Hindi	42,160	21,290	20,875	761,425	395,410	366,015	94,015	48,065	45,945
Kacchi	2,245	985	1,260	15,085	6,785	8,300	3,495	1,550	1,945
Kashmiri	190	95	95	1,830	965	865	335	160	175
Konkani	425	200	230	8,950	4,300	4,645	860	430	425
Marathi	2,245	1,150	1,095	35,230	18,210	17,020	4,030	2,080	1,950
Nepali	2,880	1,485	1,395	30,660	15,680	14,980	6,995	3,620	3,370
Oriya languages	105	45	55	3,235	1,665	1,570	245	115	135
Odia	15	10	0	1,710	925	785	80	35	45
Oriya, n.o.s.	85	40	50	1,550	755	795	170	85	90
Punjabi (Panjabi)	61,205	31,170	30,030	942,170	488,075	454,090	126,385	64,695	61,690
Rohingya	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	630	360	270	8,385	4,480	3,910	1,380	755	620
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	1,330	640	690	33,050	16,645	16,400	3,960	1,950	2,010
Urdu	29,980	15,280	14,705	414,870	211,895	202,975	51,540	26,420	25,125
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	1,355	730	625	11,320	6,280	5,040	2,125	1,155	970
Iranian languages	16,480	8,290	8,195	370,520	186,750	183,770	27,205	13,830	13,380
Baluchi	65	35	30	985	565	420	95	60	35
Kurdish	1,360	690	670	24,035	13,005	11,030	2,510	1,335	1,180
Parsi	10	10	0	1,000	535	470	35	20	10
Pashto	2,930	1,485	1,445	31,695	16,810	14,885	4,550	2,335	2,220
Persian languages	12,595	6,355	6,230	326,285	163,665	162,620	20,940	10,630	10,310
Dari	4,430	2,165	2,265	78,220	38,765	39,460	7,385	3,640	3,745
Iranian Persian	6,735	3,460	3,275	222,160	111,750	110,415	11,130	5,755	5,370
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,605	835	770	30,345	15,460	14,880	2,710	1,390	1,320
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	160	75	80	1,830	970	855	205	105	100
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	165	90	75	2,135	1,245	895	315	185	130
Italic (Romance) languages	71,550	34,010	37,540	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	154,035	74,195	79,845
Catalan	100	45	60	2,855	1,560	1,305	155	75	80
Italian	8,730	4,240	4,490	547,655	263,950	283,705	19,480	9,525	9,960
Portuguese	6,170	3,070	3,100	336,865	164,985	171,880	14,645	7,290	7,355
Romanian	5,390	2,695	2,695	116,520	55,570	60,950	9,765	4,930	4,830
Spanish	54,235	25,520	28,715	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	116,070	55,430	60,640
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	120	75	45	4,890	2,835	2,060	455	270	185
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	145	65	80	1,965	1,025	940	300	135	165
Japanese	4,845	2,125	2,715	98,070	43,380	54,690	10,925	4,845	6,080
Korean	11,695	5,490	6,205	203,885	92,275	111,605	23,030	10,705	12,325
Mongolian	640	300	335	2,545	1,085	1,455	790	355	435
Niger-Congo languages	16,975	8,610	8,365	267,520	131,495	136,025	41,335	20,960	20,375
Akan (Twi)	1,270	645	620	26,240	12,585	13,660	3,555	1,805	1,755
Bamanankan	35	20	15	4,950	2,570	2,380	130	80	55
Edo	310	165	145	4,945	2,315	2,630	735	400	335
Éwé	100	45	55	4,645	2,490	2,165	490	265	225
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	170	110	65	7,840	4,100	3,740	475	270	205
Ga	275	140	140	3,255	1,565	1,685	515	265	255
Ganda	110	60	45	4,650	2,055	2,600	730	350	380
Gikuyu	155	70	85	1,850	750	1,100	420	205	210
Igbo	2,800	1,465	1,335	18,365	9,345	9,020	4,685	2,390	2,295
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	295	140	150	13,515	6,305	7,210	1,955	1,010	945
Lingala	395	185	210	25,720	12,260	13,460	1,555	790	765
Luba-Kasai	75	25	50	2,695	1,300	1,395	205	95	110
Mòoré	15	10	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	110	50	60
Mwani	255	140	110	1,080	585	490	330	180	145
Ndebele	125	65	65	2,425	1,140	1,285	950	465	480
Rundi (Kirundi)	145	85	65	14,825	7,070	7,755	1,305	675	630
Shona	580	270	310	7,280	3,440	3,845	2,160	1,035	1,130
Soninke	20	10	10	1,010	650	360	125	65	55
Sotho-Tswana languages	120	60	55	1,305	580	725	320	140	180
Swahili	3,220	1,700	1,520	57,295	28,950	28,340	9,495	5,040	4,455
Wojenaka	35	25	10	2,820	1,440	1,380	145	85	60
Wolof	230	130	100	12,940	6,925	6,015	730	400	330
Yoruba	5,915	2,900	3,015	50,935	25,265	25,675	10,490	5,265	5,220
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,355	1,175	1,180	43,625	21,935	21,685	6,385	3,160	3,230
Nilo-Saharan languages	1,815	925	890	11,090	5,570	5,530	3,615	1,890	1,725
Dinka	815	435	380	2,815	1,470	1,345	1,595	850	740
Nuer	440	200	240	1,490	685	805	745	355	395
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	575	300	270	6,815	3,425	3,385	1,285	695	590
African, n.o.s.	170	80	90	2,760	1,485	1,275	440	240	200
Sign languages	1,775	630	1,145	49,535	19,685	29,850	6,525	2,455	4,070
American Sign Language	1,495	515	980	37,620	14,430	23,195	5,685	2,100	3,585
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	30	10	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	335	155	185	7,450	3,515	3,940	970	415	550
Sino-Tibetan languages	81,025	38,350	42,680	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	144,545	68,355	76,190
Chinese languages	79,265	37,475	41,795	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	141,465	66,830	74,635
Hakka	390	160	235	14,830	6,845	7,980	1,450	630	820
Mandarin	45,330	21,095	24,235	987,300	452,995	534,305	82,095	38,175	43,915
Min Dong	35	25	15	1,825	840	980	55	25	35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,295	1,000	1,295	51,755	22,840	28,920	4,250	1,825	2,425
Wu (Shanghainese)	335	140	195	13,660	6,060	7,600	615	280	335
Yue (Cantonese)	42,090	19,730	22,350	724,925	335,185	389,740	74,960	35,260	39,700
Chinese, n.o.s.	840	395	445	11,720	5,695	6,020	1,795	860	930
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	1,185	560	625	105	40	65
Tibeto-Burman languages	1,785	885	900	22,300	10,955	11,345	3,035	1,510	1,520
Burmese	495	245	250	5,935	2,910	3,025	895	450	450
Kuki-Chin languages	120	60	60	1,140	520	620	160	75	80
Karenic languages	365	180	190	5,705	2,790	2,915	1,095	555	545
S'gaw Karen	295	145	150	5,030	2,490	2,545	970	485	480
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	85	35	50	845	395	450	170	90	80
Tibetan	765	395	370	9,160	4,565	4,590	825	435	390
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	155	70	85	1,940	890	1,050	325	135	195
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	105	40	65	1,220	540	680	240	75	160
Tai-Kadai languages	1,640	680	955	33,705	14,255	19,440	4,335	1,770	2,565
Lao	595	300	295	17,630	8,320	9,310	1,515	755	760
Thai	1,160	445	710	18,575	6,955	11,615	3,030	1,125	1,905
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	800	330	465	220	90	130
Turkic languages	3,420	1,785	1,635	91,375	47,575	43,800	7,450	4,015	3,435
Azerbaijani	550	285	270	9,875	5,380	4,490	950	500	445
Kazakh	170	75	95	1,415	600	815	235	110	125
Turkish	2,530	1,425	1,100	78,500	41,130	37,365	5,830	3,285	2,540
Uyghur	110	30	80	1,660	790	875	205	80	120
Uzbek	180	80	100	3,290	1,645	1,640	435	225	210
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	105	50	65	2,150	980	1,165	260	110	140
Uralic languages	3,760	1,750	2,010	85,055	39,290	45,765	7,950	3,810	4,140
Estonian	125	55	70	5,315	2,320	2,990	245	105	135
Finnish	360	170	190	15,325	6,735	8,590	1,020	480	540
Hungarian	3,290	1,535	1,755	64,625	30,320	34,300	6,700	3,235	3,465
Other languages, n.i.e.	485	275	210	5,545	2,750	2,790	1,135	630	505
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	41,350	19,270	22,085	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	284,470	137,665	146,800
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	39,720	18,515	21,210	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	276,060	133,625	142,435
First Nations (North American Indian)	18,440	8,300	10,135	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	145,640	70,360	75,285
Métis	20,855	9,990	10,865	624,220	306,220	318,000	127,470	61,780	65,690
Inuk (Inuit)	430	220	205	70,540	34,645	35,895	2,945	1,480	1,465
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	865	385	475	28,855	13,645	15,215	4,785	2,435	2,350
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	765	365	395	35,225	16,620	18,610	3,620	1,610	2,010
Non-Indigenous identity	1,250,420	622,865	627,555	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	3,893,245	1,950,565	1,942,685
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	14,405	6,575	7,825	831,720	402,310	429,405	126,530	61,050	65,485
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,277,370	635,560	641,810	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	4,051,185	2,027,185	2,024,000
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Owner	345,690	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	1,157,495	...	...
Renter	156,615	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	465,220	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,505	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Condominium	124,190	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	294,875	...	...
Not condominium	378,115	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	1,338,345	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
No bedrooms	2,920	...	...	132,060	...	...	9,160	...	...
1 bedroom	59,385	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	158,300	...	...
2 bedrooms	116,625	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	350,400	...	...
3 bedrooms	167,895	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	566,750	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	155,480	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	548,610	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	153,485	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	427,120	...	...
5 rooms	78,585	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	258,680	...	...
6 rooms	69,385	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	235,145	...	...
7 rooms	59,530	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	206,130	...	...
8 or more rooms	141,320	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	506,150	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One person or fewer per room	486,420	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	1,589,600	...	...
More than one person per room	15,885	...	...	353,715	...	...	43,620	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Suitable	476,790	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	1,556,960	...	...
Not suitable	25,515	...	...	805,650	...	...	76,260	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
1960 or before	43,855	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	168,925	...	...
1961 to 1980	133,035	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	428,655	...	...
1981 to 1990	59,780	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	188,550	...	...
1991 to 2000	75,685	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	224,315	...	...
2001 to 2005	50,390	...	...	959,860	...	...	152,840	...	...
2006 to 2010	47,665	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	168,905	...	...
2011 to 2015	45,850	...	...	967,540	...	...	161,095	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	46,045	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	139,935	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	479,525	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	1,543,795	...	...
Major repairs needed	22,780	...	...	919,545	...	...	89,420	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
One-maintainer household	242,815	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	802,915	...	...
Two-maintainer household	228,860	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	745,175	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,630	...	...	687,485	...	...	85,130	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
15 to 24 years	13,825	...	...	424,695	...	...	51,475	...	...
25 to 34 years	83,280	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	260,820	...	...
35 to 44 years	110,705	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	341,390	...	...
45 to 54 years	100,130	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	304,080	...	...
55 to 64 years	93,305	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	311,335	...	...
65 to 74 years	62,865	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	222,825	...	...
75 to 84 years	27,860	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	105,505	...	...
85 years and over	10,340	...	...	457,900	...	...	35,775	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	499,855	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	1,588,960	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	385,380	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	1,251,370	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	114,470	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	337,585	...	...
30% to less than 100%	102,665	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	306,355	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	502,305	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	1,633,220	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	150,520	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	463,775	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	103,650	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	304,300	...	...
Not suitable only	19,875	...	...	595,110	...	...	58,970	...	...
Major repairs needed only	14,995	...	...	645,465	...	...	61,750	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	4,215	...	...	135,770	...	...	11,080	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	6,360	...	...	199,355	...	...	21,460	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	1,170	...	...	64,095	...	...	5,470	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	10,630	...	...	740	...	...
Acceptable housing	351,785	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	1,169,450	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	488,040	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	1,557,725	...	...
In core need	49,860	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	154,230	...	...
Not in core need	438,185	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	1,403,495	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	345,680	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	1,131,995	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.2	...	...	60.0	...	...	64.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.7	...	...	14.8	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.6	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,774	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	456,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	519,500	...	...	618,500	...	...	448,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	156,615	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	463,570	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	9.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.4	...	...	33.2	...	...	34.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.6	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,404	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,332	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,505	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	284	...	...	302	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	327	...	...	350	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,230	2,089,480
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	14,495	6,615	7,875	985,200	480,950	504,245	135,650	66,545	69,110
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	14,125	6,430	7,695	963,705	470,850	492,855	131,200	64,375	66,820
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,035	4,560	5,475	763,230	371,400	391,825	101,455	49,465	51,990
Métis single ancestry	3,975	1,790	2,185	146,010	72,680	73,325	28,695	14,340	14,355
Inuit single ancestry	115	75	40	54,475	26,770	27,700	1,050	570	480
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	370	190	185	21,490	10,095	11,395	4,455	2,175	2,285
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	355	180	180	17,665	8,215	9,450	4,090	1,985	2,100
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	160	75	90
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	1,070	530	535	160	85	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	320	165	155	50	25	25
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	34,850	16,545	18,305	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	187,365	90,475	96,890
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	33,825	16,090	17,740	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	180,640	87,270	93,375
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	19,015	9,015	10,005	801,630	384,550	417,075	102,335	49,695	52,640
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	14,490	6,925	7,565	362,130	174,975	187,150	76,055	36,420	39,640
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	145	170	19,595	9,450	10,150	2,255	1,155	1,095
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	1,030	460	570	35,930	16,605	19,320	6,720	3,210	3,515
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	935	420	515	31,815	14,790	17,025	6,150	2,915	3,235
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	20	35	2,785	1,190	1,595	315	140	175
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	15	1,005	500	505	205	130	70
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	330	125	210	50	15	40
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,242,425	618,970	623,455	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	3,854,695	1,931,210	1,923,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,131,540	565,050	566,495	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	3,792,705	1,903,020	1,889,685
Canadian citizens aged under 18	257,900	132,670	125,230	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	900,670	463,925	436,745
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	873,645	432,380	441,265	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	2,892,035	1,439,095	1,452,945
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	160,225	77,085	83,140	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	385,010	185,215	199,795
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,291,770	642,135	649,640	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	834,100	420,985	413,120	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	3,141,915	1,585,765	1,556,150
Immigrants⁸¹	430,640	207,060	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	970,970	468,250	502,725
Before 1980	48,430	23,310	25,115	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	127,275	62,275	65,005
1980 to 1990	40,330	19,730	20,600	924,320	443,805	480,520	91,320	44,550	46,770
1991 to 2000	61,465	29,575	31,890	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	126,605	60,125	66,480
2001 to 2010	117,055	56,175	60,875	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	239,260	115,815	123,445
2011 to 2021⁸²	163,365	78,275	85,095	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	386,510	185,485	201,025
2011 to 2015	82,050	39,320	42,735	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	193,335	93,675	99,665
2016 to 2021	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	193,175	91,810	101,360
Non-permanent residents⁸³	27,025	14,085	12,940	924,850	499,490	425,365	64,830	34,215	30,610
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	430,640	207,065	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	970,975	468,250	502,725
Under 5 years	37,050	18,960	18,090	748,265	377,795	370,470	85,135	43,645	41,485
5 to 14 years	71,460	37,200	34,265	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	169,075	87,630	81,440
15 to 24 years	74,550	34,020	40,525	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	175,855	81,330	94,525
25 to 44 years	204,525	97,045	107,480	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	450,070	213,555	236,510
45 years and over	43,060	19,840	23,220	797,180	364,260	432,920	90,845	42,090	48,760
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	430,640	207,065	223,575	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	970,975	468,250	502,725
Americas	44,125	20,585	23,540	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	110,855	51,790	59,065
Brazil	2,010	890	1,120	48,450	22,405	26,050	3,800	1,590	2,210
Colombia	5,865	2,710	3,160	80,570	36,675	43,900	10,385	4,855	5,535
El Salvador	2,425	1,135	1,290	49,450	24,430	25,015	6,940	3,340	3,600
Guyana	740	340	400	85,530	37,870	47,660	2,375	1,175	1,205
Haiti	510	295	220	99,945	44,585	55,360	1,370	745	625
Jamaica	3,135	1,475	1,660	145,360	63,430	81,925	8,695	4,160	4,530
Mexico	4,895	2,410	2,480	90,585	42,215	48,370	17,990	8,935	9,055
Peru	1,070	470	595	31,420	13,925	17,490	1,905	825	1,075
Trinidad and Tobago	1,315	620	695	65,035	29,110	35,930	3,360	1,560	1,800
United States of America	10,895	4,960	5,935	256,090	115,380	140,705	30,540	13,490	17,050
Other places of birth in Americas	11,260	5,275	5,985	250,760	116,305	134,460	23,500	11,110	12,395
Europe	68,740	34,275	34,465	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	180,590	90,195	90,395
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2,000	960	1,045	35,925	17,705	18,220	4,335	2,155	2,185
Croatia	1,330	620	705	36,675	18,115	18,560	3,405	1,710	1,700
France	1,265	645	620	121,525	63,845	57,685	2,720	1,330	1,390
Germany	4,685	2,155	2,525	126,470	60,560	65,915	16,635	8,000	8,635
Greece	865	455	415	54,715	27,050	27,665	1,895	1,035	855
Hungary	1,550	740	815	31,050	14,595	16,450	3,080	1,505	1,580
Italy	3,075	1,590	1,490	204,065	101,445	102,625	6,990	3,605	3,380
Netherlands	2,620	1,375	1,245	75,830	39,020	36,810	12,730	6,680	6,050
Poland	5,890	2,750	3,140	135,030	60,660	74,370	15,595	7,280	8,315
Portugal	990	505	485	128,795	62,880	65,910	3,730	1,895	1,835
Romania	4,025	2,030	1,995	86,770	40,820	45,955	7,190	3,585	3,605
Russian Federation	4,210	1,785	2,430	81,840	35,185	46,650	7,470	3,205	4,260
Serbia⁸⁶	980	460	515	31,925	15,480	16,450	2,220	1,075	1,145
Ukraine	3,035	1,385	1,655	81,135	36,840	44,295	8,915	4,050	4,870
United Kingdom⁸⁷	20,420	10,815	9,600	464,135	229,710	234,430	56,675	29,555	27,125
Other places of birth in Europe	11,795	6,010	5,780	271,725	131,935	139,790	26,990	13,535	13,460
Africa	51,610	26,045	25,560	821,735	412,365	409,375	119,295	60,715	58,580
Algeria	630	310	315	79,660	41,065	38,600	1,220	665	560
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	855	425	435	33,110	15,775	17,340	3,215	1,640	1,575
Egypt	3,320	1,745	1,575	73,710	38,730	34,980	6,760	3,660	3,095
Eritrea	4,720	2,465	2,250	31,385	16,575	14,815	9,720	5,230	4,495
Ethiopia	7,090	3,435	3,655	41,715	19,955	21,760	14,420	7,085	7,340
Morocco	870	445	425	81,775	41,085	40,685	2,130	1,100	1,035
Nigeria	12,450	6,340	6,110	81,290	41,665	39,620	21,065	10,925	10,145
Somalia	1,580	775	805	32,500	14,600	17,900	8,545	4,260	4,285
South Africa, Republic of	3,095	1,620	1,480	51,590	25,740	25,855	8,960	4,430	4,535
Other places of birth in Africa	17,005	8,480	8,525	314,995	157,170	157,825	43,250	21,720	21,530
Asia	262,700	124,535	138,160	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	549,965	260,520	289,440
Afghanistan	3,980	1,970	2,010	62,450	30,940	31,515	6,585	3,235	3,350
Iran⁸⁸	5,515	2,865	2,650	182,940	92,300	90,645	8,865	4,625	4,245
Iraq	3,935	1,990	1,950	84,130	42,660	41,465	6,220	3,225	2,990
Lebanon	4,095	2,205	1,890	95,725	50,675	45,055	9,960	5,375	4,585
Syria⁸⁹	4,340	2,280	2,060	97,590	49,855	47,735	9,975	5,310	4,665
Turkey	1,085	540	545	35,270	18,835	16,435	2,830	1,575	1,260
China⁹⁰	36,245	16,615	19,625	715,835	317,970	397,860	61,390	27,935	33,455
Hong Kong⁹¹	10,775	5,180	5,595	213,855	100,480	113,375	18,725	9,090	9,630
Korea, South⁹²	8,215	3,835	4,375	138,355	63,025	75,325	16,180	7,545	8,635
Taiwan	2,110	885	1,220	65,365	28,725	36,635	3,395	1,415	1,980
Philippines	65,430	29,000	36,430	719,580	305,115	414,460	167,735	74,205	93,530
Viet Nam	15,395	6,875	8,525	182,095	82,670	99,425	27,880	12,700	15,180
Bangladesh	3,510	1,785	1,725	70,090	35,675	34,415	6,035	3,080	2,960
India	56,510	28,275	28,240	898,050	451,120	446,930	122,150	61,405	60,740
Pakistan	18,375	9,305	9,070	234,105	118,390	115,715	30,810	15,690	15,120
Sri Lanka	1,820	900	925	136,240	66,215	70,030	4,930	2,490	2,445
Other places of birth in Asia	21,375	10,040	11,335	375,340	175,930	199,410	46,305	21,615	24,690
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	3,470	1,630	1,840	61,965	31,055	30,910	10,275	5,030	5,240
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	81,315	38,960	42,360	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	193,170	91,815	101,360
Americas	7,550	3,475	4,070	154,490	74,275	80,215	19,300	8,985	10,320
Brazil	840	355	490	19,895	9,340	10,560	1,365	555	810
Colombia	615	245	370	11,455	5,090	6,365	1,310	535	775
Haiti	105	55	45	10,550	5,155	5,400	220	135	85
Jamaica	475	215	255	15,155	7,740	7,420	2,130	985	1,145
Mexico	1,265	645	615	17,150	8,405	8,745	4,165	2,140	2,025
United States of America	2,130	1,000	1,130	39,875	19,790	20,085	5,175	2,460	2,715
Venezuela⁹⁵	885	390	500	7,060	2,980	4,075	1,220	525	695
Other places of birth in Americas	1,245	570	675	33,350	15,785	17,570	3,715	1,645	2,070
Europe	6,505	3,340	3,170	134,425	69,310	65,120	15,750	7,955	7,795
France	200	95	105	27,175	14,560	12,610	405	200	200
Germany	225	105	120	5,365	2,660	2,705	750	310	445
Ireland⁹⁶	470	315	160	6,355	4,000	2,350	1,060	640	425
Italy	260	160	105	4,240	2,470	1,770	470	285	180
Russian Federation	635	235	405	10,905	4,335	6,570	1,090	395	695
Ukraine	680	295	385	14,515	6,570	7,945	2,045	920	1,125
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,420	805	610	22,755	13,550	9,200	3,800	2,170	1,630
Other places of birth in Europe	2,615	1,330	1,290	43,120	21,160	21,960	6,135	3,045	3,090
Africa	15,065	7,475	7,590	206,965	102,875	104,090	34,320	16,870	17,450
Algeria	60	15	50	15,745	7,530	8,220	155	50	105
Burundi	40	15	25	4,935	2,420	2,510	450	220	230
Cameroon	380	170	210	11,795	5,545	6,250	905	385	520
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	155	85	75	8,915	4,200	4,720	920	450	465
Côte d'Ivoire	55	30	20	7,915	3,795	4,125	265	125	140
Egypt	595	300	300	12,120	6,285	5,835	1,190	595	595
Eritrea	2,525	1,325	1,195	16,330	8,755	7,575	5,120	2,665	2,450
Ethiopia	1,845	880	965	9,385	4,415	4,970	3,960	1,865	2,100
Morocco	210	95	110	12,835	6,025	6,810	510	215	290
Nigeria	5,885	2,895	2,990	40,360	20,575	19,780	9,840	4,950	4,890
Somalia	310	140	170	6,315	3,240	3,075	1,960	970	985
South Africa, Republic of	650	360	295	8,510	4,290	4,220	1,950	1,025	930
Sudan⁹⁷	445	215	225	4,690	2,375	2,315	1,135	530	605
Tunisia	95	65	30	8,155	4,185	3,975	250	150	105
Other places of birth in Africa	1,815	895	920	38,960	19,250	19,715	5,725	2,680	3,040
Asia	51,570	24,320	27,250	823,205	393,110	430,090	122,360	57,210	65,145
Afghanistan	845	405	435	12,730	6,290	6,440	1,350	655	700
Bangladesh	630	310	320	13,185	6,670	6,515	1,135	540	590
China⁹⁰	5,520	2,410	3,115	118,035	50,365	67,665	9,495	4,095	5,400
Hong Kong⁹¹	310	120	190	6,495	2,880	3,620	730	330	395
India	14,070	7,095	6,970	246,995	128,205	118,790	31,815	16,070	15,745
Iran⁸⁸	865	415	445	25,650	12,310	13,340	1,420	665	750
Iraq	945	440	505	17,715	8,835	8,875	1,305	625	680
Israel	340	185	150	4,850	2,565	2,290	660	365	295
Japan	170	25	140	4,445	1,035	3,410	335	50	285
Jordan	165	90	70	4,635	2,375	2,260	455	235	220
Korea, South⁹²	1,740	740	1,000	20,985	8,790	12,200	3,425	1,440	1,990
Lebanon	425	215	210	9,980	5,120	4,860	955	455	500
Nepal	460	235	230	4,890	2,475	2,415	1,365	670	695
Pakistan	2,315	1,130	1,185	36,255	18,070	18,190	4,085	1,950	2,130
Philippines	15,485	7,055	8,435	151,490	66,720	84,765	47,605	21,395	26,215
Saudi Arabia	265	160	105	9,560	5,195	4,365	690	360	325
Sri Lanka	145	75	70	8,480	4,010	4,465	740	370	365
Syria⁸⁹	3,070	1,630	1,445	63,130	32,725	30,410	7,295	3,900	3,400
Turkey	405	175	225	10,150	5,520	4,635	845	405	440
United Arab Emirates	360	200	165	8,405	4,325	4,085	690	375	315
Viet Nam	955	310	640	14,725	5,605	9,125	1,760	580	1,180
Other places of birth in Asia	2,090	885	1,205	30,410	13,035	17,375	4,205	1,670	2,540
Oceania and other⁹³	620	345	280	9,160	5,335	3,825	1,445	785	655
Australia	435	230	205	6,535	3,845	2,685	940	510	430
Other places of birth⁹⁸	185	115	75	2,625	1,490	1,135	500	280	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,291,770	642,130	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
First generation¹⁰⁰	471,470	228,280	243,195	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	1,074,140	522,255	551,885
Second generation¹⁰¹	281,465	142,090	139,380	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	777,505	391,285	386,215
Third generation or more¹⁰²	538,830	271,765	267,065	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	2,326,075	1,174,690	1,151,385
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	382,215	183,750	198,460	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	843,700	405,975	437,720
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	215,420	108,005	107,410	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	471,325	236,805	234,520
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	88,050	52,955	35,090	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	192,785	116,035	76,755
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	127,375	55,055	72,315	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	278,535	120,765	157,765
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	107,140	43,925	63,210	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	240,090	98,410	141,680
Refugees¹⁰⁸	55,735	29,885	25,845	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	123,970	66,715	57,255
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	3,920	1,925	1,990	91,900	42,145	49,755	8,315	4,050	4,265
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	382,215	183,750	198,460	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	843,700	405,975	437,720
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	13,615	7,955	5,660	416,105	222,895	193,205	29,815	17,215	12,595
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	46,635	20,170	26,460	705,405	324,370	381,035	126,640	57,515	69,125
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	9,450	4,855	4,595	183,250	92,135	91,110	24,340	12,430	11,910
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	22,045	11,495	10,545	377,130	188,535	188,590	47,540	25,735	21,805
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	1,375	605	770	39,540	15,685	23,855	3,740	1,430	2,305
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	289,095	138,665	150,425	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	611,625	291,650	319,975
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	534,695	262,355	272,340	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	1,161,420	571,535	589,885
South Asian	141,660	71,810	69,845	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	297,650	152,030	145,620
Chinese	91,410	44,315	47,095	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	164,235	79,520	84,710
Black	70,680	35,655	35,020	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	177,940	90,375	87,570
Filipino	84,215	38,660	45,550	957,355	427,755	529,600	216,710	99,540	117,170
Arab	30,735	16,175	14,560	694,015	362,845	331,170	69,505	36,555	32,955
Latin American	31,855	15,340	16,520	580,235	281,030	299,200	66,520	32,115	34,405
Southeast Asian	26,395	12,300	14,095	390,340	184,120	206,220	54,005	25,215	28,790
West Asian	15,150	7,705	7,440	360,495	181,795	178,695	25,075	12,835	12,240
Korean	12,380	5,945	6,430	218,140	101,855	116,285	24,365	11,600	12,770
Japanese	5,825	2,530	3,295	98,890	42,315	56,575	13,560	6,135	7,425
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,445	2,710	2,740	172,885	83,310	89,580	12,100	5,985	6,120
Multiple visible minorities	18,955	9,210	9,745	331,805	160,790	171,010	39,745	19,625	20,120
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	757,075	379,775	377,295	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	3,016,295	1,516,700	1,499,605
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	4,177,720	2,088,235	2,089,485
Canadian	125,490	65,430	60,065	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	484,655	251,795	232,860
English	205,980	102,400	103,575	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	766,070	376,940	389,130
Irish	153,865	74,665	79,195	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	561,915	270,440	291,470
Scottish	177,490	87,675	89,815	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	631,015	309,855	321,160
French, n.o.s.¹²²	79,635	39,135	40,500	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	340,900	167,270	173,635
German	146,970	72,775	74,190	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	641,025	317,325	323,705
Chinese	96,180	46,325	49,860	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	177,990	85,545	92,440
Italian	36,235	18,060	18,175	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	98,730	49,855	48,875
Indian (India)	71,115	35,960	35,155	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	155,700	79,060	76,640
Ukrainian	69,030	33,640	35,390	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	343,640	169,070	174,575
Dutch	38,505	19,070	19,430	988,585	489,045	499,545	174,625	87,015	87,610
Polish	42,735	20,560	22,175	982,820	472,290	510,525	169,925	82,005	87,915
Québécois	1,580	785	795	981,635	490,130	491,510	5,380	2,810	2,570
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	41,520	20,955	20,570	938,950	462,420	476,530	124,835	63,065	61,770
Filipino	79,200	36,580	42,625	925,490	414,915	510,570	203,955	94,020	109,935
French Canadian	9,130	4,545	4,590	906,315	441,610	464,705	32,365	15,655	16,710
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	20,860	10,850	10,005	691,260	347,080	344,175	73,475	37,700	35,780
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,415	5,805	6,615	632,340	304,220	328,120	73,355	35,940	37,415
Métis	19,805	9,345	10,460	560,335	271,985	288,350	115,455	55,915	59,535
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,790	11,410	11,380	551,910	278,060	273,850	70,790	36,360	34,425
Russian	28,470	13,255	15,215	548,140	260,075	288,065	97,890	46,455	51,435
Norwegian	32,675	15,535	17,140	466,500	224,290	242,210	154,535	74,455	80,085
Welsh	21,030	9,965	11,065	455,720	216,490	239,230	76,810	36,840	39,970
Portuguese	6,770	3,400	3,370	448,305	222,770	225,535	21,415	10,745	10,680
American	18,030	8,720	9,310	353,495	172,240	181,255	66,100	32,535	33,560
Spanish	17,085	7,820	9,265	342,040	160,475	181,570	40,165	18,395	21,770
Swedish	20,940	10,255	10,685	334,505	156,840	177,665	92,975	43,950	49,025
Hungarian	16,335	7,965	8,375	320,150	155,755	164,395	51,360	25,175	26,185
Acadian	2,935	1,520	1,415	305,170	145,500	159,675	10,110	5,175	4,935
Pakistani	22,800	11,565	11,240	303,260	154,435	148,825	39,535	20,140	19,390
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	13,470	6,635	6,830	301,955	148,335	153,625	34,225	17,015	17,210
Jewish	6,595	3,345	3,250	282,015	141,530	140,490	14,405	7,195	7,210
Punjabi	18,050	9,135	8,920	279,950	145,620	134,330	37,585	19,270	18,315
Vietnamese	21,145	9,890	11,255	275,530	131,075	144,445	39,395	18,815	20,580
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	10,585	5,620	4,965	263,710	138,210	125,500	23,860	12,675	11,185
Greek	5,540	2,865	2,680	262,140	132,975	129,160	13,980	7,290	6,690
Jamaican	5,860	2,915	2,950	249,070	119,265	129,805	15,620	7,845	7,775
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	14,510	6,955	7,555	226,220	107,785	118,435	31,255	15,030	16,225
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	5,915	2,675	3,240	219,855	105,825	114,030	62,465	30,145	32,315
Korean	12,445	5,920	6,525	217,650	101,805	115,845	24,170	11,505	12,660
Romanian	10,540	4,990	5,545	215,885	103,720	112,165	31,530	14,880	16,650
Lebanese	11,360	5,955	5,405	210,605	107,990	102,615	28,480	14,600	13,880
Iranian	6,105	3,130	2,975	200,465	100,790	99,675	10,550	5,380	5,165
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	4,815	2,325	2,490	200,340	99,800	100,540	14,380	7,135	7,240
Danish	14,575	7,305	7,270	196,945	96,220	100,725	56,190	27,550	28,640
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	4,225	2,020	2,200	194,840	94,035	100,810	26,435	12,745	13,695
Sikh	14,120	7,270	6,850	194,640	101,255	93,385	28,860	15,005	13,855
Austrian	10,255	5,080	5,175	189,535	92,740	96,800	36,220	17,895	18,325
Belgian	5,295	2,545	2,755	182,175	90,150	92,030	21,985	10,715	11,270
Haitian	930	475	455	178,990	84,510	94,490	2,460	1,255	1,200
Hindu	8,550	4,305	4,245	166,160	87,665	78,495	20,535	10,485	10,050
Mexican	7,685	3,755	3,930	155,495	77,435	78,055	25,450	12,870	12,580
Mennonite	3,750	1,840	1,910	155,095	77,735	77,360	31,565	15,825	15,740
Swiss	5,765	2,795	2,965	145,570	72,015	73,555	22,450	11,045	11,405
Finnish	5,250	2,540	2,705	144,055	69,270	74,785	18,705	9,040	9,665
Sri Lankan	1,865	925	940	132,410	65,175	67,240	5,140	2,600	2,540
Croatian	5,170	2,540	2,635	130,820	64,915	65,905	13,720	6,830	6,890
Japanese	7,785	3,465	4,320	129,425	56,850	72,580	18,605	8,565	10,040
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	4,655	2,305	2,345	120,125	60,575	59,550	8,945	4,525	4,420
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	1,330	620	705	111,605	53,700	57,905	8,305	4,030	4,275
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	6,340	3,050	3,290	110,735	54,730	56,005	25,800	13,080	12,720
Muslim	6,060	3,145	2,915	105,620	54,095	51,525	12,420	6,350	6,065
Egyptian	4,610	2,475	2,135	105,245	55,230	50,020	9,585	5,080	4,505
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	5,960	2,910	3,050	104,765	51,375	53,395	12,105	5,985	6,125
Tamil	1,370	710	665	102,170	51,165	51,005	3,160	1,645	1,515
Icelandic	6,025	3,195	2,830	101,990	50,370	51,620	19,720	9,865	9,850
Colombian	6,420	3,075	3,345	100,555	47,995	52,560	11,115	5,380	5,735
Moroccan	880	425	460	99,980	50,835	49,150	2,620	1,375	1,250
Czech	6,295	3,085	3,215	98,925	47,495	51,430	19,730	9,465	10,260
Syrian	4,215	2,150	2,065	98,250	49,385	48,865	9,520	4,880	4,645
Guyanese	1,210	595	615	97,210	46,270	50,940	3,370	1,715	1,655
Afghan	6,465	3,170	3,290	96,810	48,255	48,550	10,380	5,155	5,225
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	2,530	1,325	1,205	94,585	44,335	50,250	6,880	3,570	3,310
Serbian	3,125	1,485	1,635	93,360	46,945	46,410	7,410	3,655	3,760
Ojibway	1,165	595	575	92,220	44,610	47,600	4,680	2,280	2,395
Newfoundlander	1,500	795	705	91,670	45,665	46,005	8,615	4,495	4,125
Hong Konger	3,940	1,925	2,015	81,680	39,485	42,195	6,715	3,340	3,375
Ontarian	1,030	470	565	80,555	39,675	40,880	3,155	1,505	1,655
Persian	2,700	1,440	1,260	80,340	41,415	38,925	4,640	2,425	2,215
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	1,495	745	750	77,405	37,655	39,750	4,595	2,300	2,295
Turkish	2,610	1,435	1,175	76,745	39,955	36,795	6,670	3,725	2,945
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	520	265	255	76,675	37,315	39,365	3,935	2,065	1,870
Bangladeshi	3,570	1,810	1,765	75,425	39,085	36,335	6,525	3,435	3,090
Algerian	645	320	320	73,770	38,035	35,740	1,300	680	620
Brazilian	2,555	1,260	1,290	71,755	34,670	37,085	5,000	2,340	2,655
Nigerian	8,120	4,145	3,975	69,540	34,680	34,860	14,600	7,585	7,015
Armenian	925	495	430	68,850	34,105	34,745	1,870	930	940
Slovak	3,520	1,750	1,770	68,210	33,475	34,740	10,525	5,200	5,320
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,620	1,220	1,400	66,780	31,525	35,255	7,430	3,470	3,965
Somali	2,830	1,485	1,350	65,555	31,555	33,995	16,310	8,160	8,150
Taiwanese	2,120	890	1,230	64,020	29,280	34,740	3,630	1,510	2,120
Iraqi	3,035	1,470	1,570	59,300	29,865	29,435	4,725	2,385	2,345
Salvadorean	2,325	1,150	1,175	59,280	29,150	30,130	7,055	3,475	3,580
African Caribbean	930	495	430	59,050	26,385	32,670	2,290	1,180	1,110
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	3,670	1,710	1,960	58,870	27,845	31,025	7,445	3,460	3,980
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	2,645	1,375	1,270	58,840	30,560	28,280	5,800	3,120	2,680
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	1,330	650	680	57,195	25,715	31,475	3,670	1,735	1,930
Algonquin	380	165	220	56,070	27,025	29,040	1,680	820	860
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	835	370	465	52,085	23,685	28,395	2,215	995	1,220
Lithuanian	2,015	880	1,130	52,040	24,510	27,530	5,670	2,635	3,035
South African	2,915	1,465	1,445	49,840	24,885	24,955	8,400	4,055	4,345
Australian	3,060	1,585	1,475	46,765	24,165	22,595	8,395	4,275	4,125
Palestinian	1,675	910	760	45,905	23,930	21,975	4,425	2,365	2,060
Chilean	2,925	1,505	1,420	45,685	22,520	23,165	7,350	3,765	3,590
Congolese	1,045	500	545	45,260	22,000	23,260	3,540	1,815	1,725
Nova Scotian	850	380	470	44,720	21,700	23,025	2,590	1,280	1,310
Ethiopian	6,695	3,225	3,465	42,545	20,675	21,875	13,505	6,620	6,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	2,920	1,375	1,550	42,405	20,105	22,300	5,735	2,690	3,045
Peruvian	1,450	690	760	42,295	19,925	22,370	2,670	1,270	1,395
Yoruba	5,200	2,640	2,560	42,075	21,740	20,330	8,895	4,535	4,360
Cambodian (Khmer)	1,960	965	985	41,950	19,835	22,115	4,535	2,235	2,295
Berber	405	225	175	41,700	22,325	19,370	995	550	450
Albanian	1,870	1,030	835	41,620	21,050	20,570	3,240	1,810	1,430
Maltese	505	230	275	40,670	20,210	20,455	1,535	800	730
Macedonian	385	185	200	39,440	19,500	19,940	925	440	485
Slovenian	1,445	715	730	38,595	18,785	19,815	3,860	1,935	1,925
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	1,960	925	1,035	38,520	18,935	19,585	5,220	2,505	2,715
New Brunswicker	410	170	235	37,670	18,235	19,435	1,545	790	760
Gujarati	1,665	880	785	36,970	19,580	17,385	4,210	2,140	2,070
Eritrean	5,320	2,700	2,615	36,290	18,185	18,110	11,010	5,580	5,430
African Canadian	940	465	475	35,395	17,140	18,250	2,605	1,305	1,305
Israeli	1,095	565	525	35,345	18,410	16,940	1,920	995	925
Mohawk	500	300	200	33,330	16,485	16,845	1,965	1,020	950
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,685	790	900	33,135	15,355	17,775	8,235	3,925	4,310
Bulgarian	1,305	635	670	33,085	16,235	16,850	2,490	1,205	1,290
Albertan	5,465	2,785	2,685	32,575	16,525	16,055	26,600	13,605	12,990
Ghanaian	1,405	705	700	31,720	15,650	16,065	4,015	2,025	1,995
Barbadian	640	310	330	31,440	15,265	16,175	1,725	835	895
African American	935	435	495	31,430	15,700	15,730	3,250	1,665	1,585
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	1,030	545	480	30,565	14,635	15,930	4,085	1,990	2,095
Tunisian	300	150	155	30,465	16,585	13,875	855	440	415
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,305	675	630	30,220	15,225	14,995	3,640	1,890	1,745
Cuban	830	395	435	30,065	14,830	15,235	2,125	985	1,140
Bosnian	1,870	890	975	28,490	14,320	14,170	4,170	2,065	2,100
Venezuelan	3,025	1,445	1,575	28,395	13,220	15,175	4,240	2,015	2,220
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	30	15	10	28,225	13,490	14,735	250	110	140
Latvian	1,025	485	540	28,140	13,515	14,620	2,920	1,450	1,470
Bengali	1,200	585	610	26,675	13,830	12,850	2,190	1,090	1,095
Cameroonian	930	485	450	26,535	12,960	13,580	2,205	1,060	1,140
Guatemalan	1,200	555	645	26,460	13,920	12,540	2,395	1,185	1,210
Indonesian	1,555	750	800	26,330	11,910	14,415	3,640	1,660	1,985
Laotian	1,015	505	510	25,875	12,500	13,375	2,460	1,225	1,235
Ilocano	2,575	1,195	1,380	25,575	11,860	13,715	6,045	2,785	3,255
Northern Irish	920	445	475	25,200	12,495	12,710	2,525	1,205	1,320
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	805	420	385	24,420	12,265	12,155	2,405	1,230	1,175
British Columbian	520	295	225	24,325	12,230	12,095	1,940	965	980
Ecuadorian	405	210	190	24,255	11,510	12,745	980	465	515
Franco Ontarian	125	85	40	24,110	11,540	12,570	320	190	130
Argentinian	1,050	545	510	23,500	11,665	11,840	2,030	1,030	1,000
Estonian	980	480	500	23,455	11,080	12,375	2,640	1,280	1,365
Kurdish	1,060	525	530	23,130	12,670	10,460	2,290	1,180	1,110
Fijian	1,145	525	620	23,020	11,040	11,980	4,155	2,040	2,115
Jatt	1,410	705	705	22,785	11,695	11,090	2,875	1,445	1,430
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	645	320	325	22,785	11,680	11,105	2,195	1,125	1,070
Coptic	440	225	215	22,570	11,405	11,165	1,285	650	635
Thai	1,185	370	810	22,275	8,525	13,750	3,535	1,240	2,295
Dominican	405	245	160	22,125	10,615	11,510	1,005	525	480
Nepali	2,255	1,175	1,085	21,975	11,215	10,765	5,140	2,655	2,485
Kabyle	95	50	45	20,565	10,595	9,975	225	125	95
Assyrian	420	215	200	19,685	9,730	9,955	690	345	350
Igbo	3,150	1,635	1,515	19,305	9,890	9,415	5,245	2,750	2,495
Byelorussian	730	350	380	18,850	9,055	9,795	2,310	1,120	1,190
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	215	95	120	18,745	9,030	9,710	4,220	2,020	2,200
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	1,580	685	895	18,545	8,975	9,570	11,115	5,290	5,830
Abenaki	50	20	25	18,420	8,545	9,870	135	65	70
Moldovan	990	545	445	18,190	8,850	9,340	2,070	1,065	1,005
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	245	125	120	17,955	8,625	9,330	1,360	645	710
New Zealander	1,095	590	500	17,755	9,275	8,470	3,175	1,630	1,545
Sudanese	2,480	1,205	1,275	17,485	8,825	8,665	5,225	2,690	2,530
Breton	40	30	10	17,465	8,710	8,755	320	155	165
Pennsylvania Dutch	350	125	225	17,315	7,300	10,020	1,950	770	1,180
Malaysian	1,175	560	620	17,050	7,935	9,115	2,640	1,205	1,435
Plains Cree	200	100	95	16,570	8,255	8,310	5,360	2,660	2,705
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	420	210	210	16,315	8,565	7,750	965	470	490
Huron (Wendat)	80	40	45	15,910	7,715	8,195	240	140	105
Saskatchewanian	1,150	595	555	15,780	7,505	8,280	4,150	1,935	2,210
Buddhist	1,010	480	525	15,660	7,485	8,175	2,200	1,080	1,125
Gaspesian	10	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	80	55	25
Norman	145	100	45	15,340	8,155	7,190	495	330	165
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	1,270	645	625	15,055	7,180	7,875	2,715	1,400	1,315
Ivorian	210	110	105	15,010	7,255	7,755	685	330	360
Saulteaux	280	120	160	14,265	6,730	7,535	1,990	910	1,075
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	160	60	105	14,260	6,525	7,735	550	240	315
Burundian	150	70	85	14,110	6,810	7,295	1,155	575	580
Tigrinya	2,240	1,220	1,020	13,910	7,435	6,470	5,075	2,745	2,325
Nicaraguan	800	355	445	13,840	6,730	7,120	1,780	895	880
Mauritian	450	190	255	13,755	7,020	6,730	985	450	540
Kenyan	1,050	510	540	13,565	6,510	7,055	2,710	1,315	1,395
Oji-Cree	20	10	10	13,525	6,610	6,915	135	40	95
Vincentian	175	65	110	13,245	5,800	7,445	445	200	250
Jordanian	445	220	225	13,225	7,055	6,170	1,175	575	600
Manitoban	460	245	210	13,095	6,530	6,565	1,595	845	750
Cape Bretoner	175	90	85	13,065	6,175	6,885	665	305	355
Rwandan	280	150	130	12,890	6,150	6,740	1,605	860	745
Grenadian	225	90	135	12,890	5,965	6,930	600	245	355
Malayali	665	375	290	12,490	6,580	5,910	1,705	900	800
Chaldean	165	80	85	12,115	6,080	6,035	255	140	115
Sinhalese	555	255	305	12,080	5,905	6,170	1,220	590	630
Mayan	575	310	270	11,710	5,980	5,730	1,405	710	695
Honduran	340	150	185	10,920	5,370	5,550	905	395	515
Cherokee	545	255	285	10,825	5,080	5,745	2,075	1,030	1,040
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	110	45	65	10,750	5,130	5,620	910	460	455
Indo-Caribbean	140	70	70	10,490	4,710	5,775	310	150	155
Flemish	420	190	235	10,275	4,950	5,325	1,530	740	785
United Empire Loyalist	180	65	115	10,015	4,975	5,045	520	250	265
Senegalese	140	100	35	9,955	5,115	4,840	380	215	155
Azerbaijani	670	350	320	9,915	5,165	4,750	975	500	475
Sicilian	110	35	70	9,835	5,135	4,695	345	185	155
Pashtun	820	420	400	9,825	5,195	4,625	1,370	715	650
Malay	790	340	450	9,795	4,725	5,065	1,785	855	925
Goan	350	185	165	9,700	4,710	4,990	565	295	270
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	330	165	160	9,455	4,705	4,755	865	440	435
Tibetan	790	415	375	9,350	4,650	4,700	850	455	395
Zimbabwean	660	295	365	9,165	4,435	4,725	2,825	1,300	1,530
Burmese	540	250	285	9,150	4,385	4,760	1,115	535	580
Mongolian	985	455	535	9,090	4,240	4,850	1,690	805	885
Azorean	70	25	45	8,970	4,235	4,735	230	100	130
Atikamekw	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	30	20	10
Bamileke	105	60	45	8,315	4,220	4,090	340	185	160
Indo-Guyanese	80	45	35	8,310	3,765	4,545	250	135	110
Ugandan	300	145	150	8,285	3,910	4,375	1,595	780	815
Oromo	1,560	875	685	8,255	4,425	3,830	3,745	2,025	1,715
Tanzanian	795	425	375	8,140	3,945	4,195	1,500	775	725
Yemeni	555	280	275	8,115	3,995	4,130	1,160	565	595
Central African	70	35	40	8,080	3,830	4,250	320	165	155
Libyan	445	255	190	7,945	4,265	3,680	1,010	620	395
Basque	175	80	90	7,745	4,030	3,710	475	235	240
Uruguayan	85	40	45	7,660	3,870	3,790	285	145	145
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	295	125	165	7,640	3,835	3,805	840	400	445
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	345	210	130	7,635	3,690	3,950	735	410	330
Igorot	1,195	560	625	7,535	3,305	4,230	2,535	1,145	1,395
Fulani	65	25	35	7,480	3,865	3,620	370	190	180
Woodland Cree	70	35	30	7,415	3,615	3,800	2,295	1,120	1,180
Guinean	155	80	70	7,390	3,700	3,695	370	190	185
St. Lucian	230	90	140	7,285	3,340	3,945	535	235	300
Prince Edward Islander	215	100	110	7,225	3,355	3,875	585	280	310
Maliseet	25	15	10	7,220	3,515	3,705	110	55	55
Beninese	145	75	70	6,810	3,630	3,180	320	160	165
Telugu	255	135	120	6,670	3,730	2,945	580	310	270
Roma	200	95	100	6,545	3,225	3,320	655	305	350
Costa Rican	180	95	85	6,500	3,265	3,230	595	290	305
African Nova Scotian	85	40	45	6,480	2,945	3,535	225	120	105
Malagasy	35	20	15	6,255	3,085	3,170	125	50	75
Kashmiri	820	405	415	6,165	3,020	3,145	1,195	575	620
Singaporean	325	120	205	6,060	2,755	3,305	780	340	440
Karen	390	195	195	6,050	3,065	2,985	1,120	560	560
Edo	605	340	265	5,985	2,995	2,995	1,145	625	525
Tajik	280	130	145	5,980	2,965	3,015	370	185	190
Amhara	810	435	380	5,945	3,010	2,930	1,755	925	825
Paraguayan	100	30	70	5,925	2,855	3,075	310	125	185
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,291,770	642,135	649,635	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	4,177,715	2,088,235	2,089,485
Buddhist	20,855	9,225	11,625	356,975	157,435	199,540	42,830	19,140	23,690
Christian	575,250	270,555	304,690	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	2,009,820	952,440	1,057,385
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	121,585	58,010	63,575	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	429,375	207,320	222,055
Anabaptist	2,100	1,020	1,075	144,145	70,095	74,050	20,035	10,075	9,960
Anglican	27,005	12,375	14,635	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	95,560	43,925	51,635
Baptist	10,875	5,050	5,825	436,940	200,325	236,615	44,605	20,650	23,955
Catholic	262,720	125,010	137,705	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	833,025	399,750	433,275
Christian Orthodox	24,020	11,690	12,330	623,010	301,055	321,955	63,775	30,995	32,775
Jehovah's Witness	5,160	2,300	2,860	137,255	59,505	77,750	18,185	7,955	10,235
Latter Day Saints	9,895	4,590	5,305	87,725	41,365	46,360	47,125	22,540	24,580
Lutheran	14,005	6,325	7,675	328,045	150,115	177,925	78,925	36,470	42,455
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	2,570	1,160	1,415	100,655	46,640	54,020	9,640	4,400	5,240
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,690	6,905	7,785	399,025	180,870	218,155	53,900	25,250	28,655
Presbyterian	8,330	3,730	4,600	301,400	136,440	164,960	22,850	10,360	12,495
Reformed	1,250	600	655	79,870	39,250	40,620	14,735	7,310	7,430
United Church	37,055	15,800	21,255	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	153,820	67,205	86,615
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	33,980	15,990	17,990	745,650	345,540	400,110	124,265	58,235	66,030
Hindu	33,450	17,180	16,265	828,195	430,135	398,060	78,520	40,435	38,085
Jewish	6,390	3,140	3,255	335,295	164,220	171,070	11,390	5,475	5,915
Muslim	95,925	48,855	47,075	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	202,535	103,635	98,900
Sikh	49,465	24,885	24,580	771,790	394,345	377,445	103,600	52,505	51,100
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,370	500	870	80,685	38,460	42,230	19,755	9,640	10,120
Other religions and spiritual traditions	9,695	4,165	5,535	229,015	97,645	131,370	33,220	14,325	18,905
No religion and secular perspectives	499,375	263,630	235,745	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	1,676,045	890,645	785,400
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,277,835	634,945	642,885	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	4,131,540	2,064,715	2,066,825
Non-movers	1,101,965	547,205	554,760	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	3,583,005	1,793,310	1,789,695
Movers	175,865	87,745	88,125	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	548,535	271,400	277,130
Non-migrants	132,940	66,500	66,445	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	367,325	182,230	185,100
Migrants	42,925	21,245	21,680	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	181,205	89,170	92,035
Internal migrants	29,285	14,520	14,770	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	152,655	75,275	77,380
Intraprovincial migrants	13,780	6,700	7,080	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	107,180	52,880	54,295
Interprovincial migrants	15,505	7,820	7,690	268,965	135,215	133,750	45,475	22,390	23,090
External migrants	13,640	6,730	6,910	293,955	147,585	146,370	28,555	13,900	14,650
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,217,975	604,435	613,540	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	3,930,000	1,961,005	1,969,000
Non-movers	707,190	350,630	356,560	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	2,314,250	1,158,665	1,155,590
Movers	510,785	253,805	256,980	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	1,615,755	802,340	813,415
Non-migrants	333,555	166,780	166,775	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	854,765	427,660	427,105
Migrants	177,230	87,025	90,205	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	760,990	374,680	386,305
Internal migrants	103,835	51,155	52,680	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	596,980	295,120	301,860
Intraprovincial migrants	52,115	25,805	26,310	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	431,785	213,950	217,830
Interprovincial migrants	51,725	25,355	26,370	921,345	459,695	461,650	165,195	81,160	84,035
External migrants	73,395	35,870	37,525	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	164,015	79,565	84,445
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,175	535,050	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	149,010	77,165	71,850	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	595,665	322,765	272,900
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	907,215	444,015	463,205	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	2,779,465	1,353,090	1,426,375
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,298,165	1,141,780	1,156,380
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	65,615	35,580	30,040	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	274,480	156,485	117,990
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	672,130	329,065	343,070	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	2,023,680	985,290	1,038,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,275
No certificate, diploma or degree	134,565	68,700	65,865	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	522,835	275,555	247,275
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	273,135	137,495	135,635	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	972,110	482,900	489,215
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	648,530	314,980	333,550	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	1,880,185	917,400	962,790
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	271,085	134,270	136,810	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	1,014,810	524,770	490,045
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	62,155	45,900	16,255	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	295,285	232,120	63,165
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	22,795	12,780	10,015	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	87,195	51,295	35,900
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	39,360	33,125	6,235	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	208,090	180,830	27,260
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	172,905	73,135	99,775	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	612,690	250,540	362,145
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,020	15,235	20,790	896,755	372,560	524,195	106,840	42,105	64,735
Bachelor's degree or higher	377,450	180,710	196,740	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	865,370	392,625	472,745
Bachelor's degree	258,985	121,715	137,275	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	605,025	265,105	339,925
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	19,835	9,020	10,810	556,510	243,200	313,310	44,915	19,815	25,100
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	9,365	4,285	5,080	214,105	108,000	106,105	23,880	12,100	11,775
Master's degree	77,600	38,555	39,040	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	164,245	79,220	85,025
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	11,670	7,130	4,540	279,660	165,795	113,870	27,315	16,385	10,920
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	737,750	364,645	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	2,298,160	1,141,780	1,156,385
No certificate, diploma or degree	56,150	30,270	25,880	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	227,880	126,960	100,920
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	158,090	83,330	74,760	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	581,820	298,415	283,405
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	523,505	251,045	272,465	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	1,488,465	716,410	772,060
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	207,210	103,010	104,205	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	774,420	401,065	373,355
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	46,300	34,495	11,805	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	220,930	175,185	45,745
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	16,310	9,360	6,950	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	61,815	37,400	24,415
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	29,990	25,135	4,860	836,220	693,830	142,395	159,110	137,785	21,330
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	132,925	56,660	76,265	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	472,155	193,510	278,645
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,990	11,860	16,130	623,090	261,035	362,050	81,335	32,370	48,965
Bachelor's degree or higher	316,295	148,035	168,260	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	714,040	315,340	398,700
Bachelor's degree	215,545	99,580	115,960	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	497,885	213,625	284,260
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15,980	7,050	8,925	430,875	179,230	251,645	35,125	15,110	20,020
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	8,070	3,480	4,595	167,730	75,120	92,615	20,045	9,435	10,615
Master's degree	67,610	32,685	34,925	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	139,935	65,290	74,645
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	9,100	5,240	3,855	209,445	115,530	93,915	21,050	11,880	9,165
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	407,695	206,200	201,495	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	1,494,945	758,460	736,490
Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	129,710	30,305	99,400
13. Education	37,900	8,205	29,695	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	129,710	30,305	99,400
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	20,300	8,295	12,000	631,255	274,065	357,190	49,820	20,045	29,775
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	2,095	1,585	515	74,785	53,390	21,395	5,805	4,125	1,675
50. Visual and performing arts	18,205	6,715	11,490	556,470	220,680	335,790	44,015	15,915	28,100
Humanities	29,295	10,450	18,845	926,560	354,120	572,440	75,030	29,415	45,615
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	3,420	660	2,760	106,345	23,460	82,885	7,385	1,545	5,845
23. English language and literature/letters	6,610	1,750	4,860	184,600	53,020	131,580	15,425	4,255	11,170
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10,070	3,555	6,515	316,050	119,215	196,830	24,015	8,710	15,315
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	455	155	300	18,935	6,835	12,095	1,165	400	760
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,925	1,050	875	57,745	33,040	24,700	5,555	3,090	2,465
39. Theology and religious vocations	2,775	1,575	1,200	77,510	46,140	31,365	11,680	6,855	4,830
54. History	3,320	1,570	1,750	108,935	58,310	50,620	8,065	4,165	3,895
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	720	130	585	56,440	14,090	42,345	1,735	400	1,335
Social and behavioural sciences and law	72,710	25,400	47,315	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	177,435	57,365	120,070
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,020	200	820	29,430	7,065	22,365	2,750	620	2,130
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	9,885	3,435	6,450	233,400	88,205	145,200	21,730	8,340	13,395
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	7,890	615	7,275	344,150	27,905	316,240	29,220	2,090	27,125
22. Legal professions and studies	13,435	4,770	8,665	325,785	115,335	210,445	31,215	10,250	20,965
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,430	480	945	49,855	16,000	33,850	3,045	1,025	2,015
42. Psychology	11,935	2,745	9,190	327,965	79,295	248,665	31,925	7,565	24,355
45. Social sciences	27,130	13,155	13,975	705,540	336,960	368,580	57,565	27,475	30,085
Business, management and public administration	151,340	66,070	85,275	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	390,110	151,140	238,975
30.16 Accounting and computer science	145	60	90	5,335	1,705	3,630	615	160	455
44. Public administration and social service professions	7,190	1,385	5,810	272,240	55,995	216,245	23,375	4,465	18,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	144,000	64,630	79,380	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	366,120	146,520	219,605
Physical and life sciences and technologies	35,280	18,270	17,015	719,715	353,540	366,175	80,425	40,180	40,245
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	11,915	4,605	7,310	297,055	121,615	175,435	29,505	11,950	17,555
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,125	3,260	3,870	155,955	72,245	83,705	18,630	8,340	10,295
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	560	230	330	35,380	14,950	20,430	1,115	400	715
40. Physical sciences	14,385	9,680	4,705	196,620	130,745	65,875	26,315	17,555	8,760
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,295	495	800	34,710	13,985	20,730	4,860	1,930	2,930
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	32,775	21,555	11,215	804,230	531,435	272,795	71,380	45,230	26,150
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	27,025	18,865	8,165	643,145	454,370	188,775	58,030	39,530	18,500
25. Library science	1,385	170	1,210	43,085	7,100	35,985	4,400	600	3,800
27. Mathematics and statistics	3,675	2,070	1,610	99,360	57,560	41,800	7,770	4,330	3,435
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	685	455	230	18,640	12,400	6,240	1,190	765	420
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	141,165	119,620	21,550	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	461,075	411,075	49,995
04. Architecture and related services	5,715	3,555	2,165	135,020	81,930	53,090	12,095	7,465	4,625
14. Engineering	60,975	48,265	12,715	900,475	723,080	177,395	114,735	92,365	22,370
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30,160	24,830	5,325	726,155	638,355	87,800	106,575	91,350	15,225
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	0	10	580	190	390	50	25	25
46. Construction trades	20,365	19,740	625	703,905	683,060	20,845	95,890	92,650	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	15,535	15,080	455	659,480	640,895	18,590	82,805	80,150	2,655
48. Precision production	8,400	8,145	260	380,505	363,710	16,795	48,925	47,075	1,850
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,880	5,175	5,705	407,545	234,360	173,175	51,710	28,660	23,055
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,525	3,070	3,455	262,580	140,520	122,070	35,010	19,075	15,935
03. Natural resources and conservation	4,350	2,100	2,250	144,960	93,845	51,115	16,700	9,575	7,120
Health and related fields	91,710	19,495	72,215	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	295,415	56,225	239,190
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	7,380	3,540	3,845	180,785	89,005	91,780	20,505	9,625	10,885
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	81,445	14,515	66,930	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	267,750	42,785	224,965
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	150	55	95	5,255	1,425	3,825	475	180	295
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,740	1,395	1,350	64,030	34,630	29,400	6,680	3,635	3,050
Personal, protective and transportation services	24,990	12,345	12,645	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	97,660	47,575	50,075
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	16,005	5,380	10,625	548,520	151,115	397,410	57,430	15,580	41,845
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	105	90	10	3,965	3,520	445	365	335	30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	105	20	6,900	6,210	690	705	605	100
43. Security and protective services	4,485	2,870	1,615	227,835	160,930	66,905	19,025	12,445	6,580
49. Transportation and materials moving	4,270	3,900	370	219,205	199,190	20,010	20,125	18,615	1,520
Other¹⁷⁹	180	90	90	5,305	1,640	3,665	420	190	235
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	737,745	364,640	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	214,245	113,600	100,640	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	809,700	425,375	384,325
Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	742,175	158,185	583,990	92,240	19,980	72,255
13. Education	27,425	5,745	21,680	742,175	158,185	583,990	92,240	19,980	72,255
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	16,520	6,735	9,785	490,455	210,500	279,955	39,730	15,620	24,110
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,595	1,150	450	54,645	38,170	16,475	4,065	2,750	1,315
50. Visual and performing arts	14,920	5,580	9,335	435,815	172,330	263,480	35,665	12,875	22,790
Humanities	23,385	8,110	15,275	649,695	241,235	408,465	58,200	22,205	35,990
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	2,795	520	2,270	79,235	16,400	62,835	5,945	1,210	4,740
23. English language and literature/letters	5,440	1,440	3,995	134,815	37,610	97,210	12,145	3,310	8,825
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	8,205	2,785	5,420	216,725	80,505	136,220	19,305	6,800	12,500
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	340	110	230	12,910	4,540	8,370	890	295	590
38. Philosophy and religious studies	1,575	845	730	41,640	23,645	17,990	4,385	2,430	1,950
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,930	1,110	820	48,920	29,245	19,675	8,135	4,740	3,395
54. History	2,585	1,210	1,375	78,415	40,800	37,615	6,205	3,160	3,040
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	515	90	420	37,045	8,490	28,555	1,190	250	940
Social and behavioural sciences and law	60,535	20,560	39,980	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	146,530	45,555	100,975
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	870	180	685	23,895	5,520	18,370	2,315	515	1,800
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	8,695	2,925	5,770	196,475	72,125	124,350	18,890	6,940	11,950
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	6,225	450	5,780	270,970	20,095	250,875	23,325	1,630	21,690
22. Legal professions and studies	11,170	3,705	7,465	261,265	82,850	178,420	25,940	7,730	18,210
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	1,180	385	795	37,830	12,160	25,670	2,545	825	1,715
42. Psychology	9,685	2,100	7,590	249,205	55,840	193,365	25,775	5,750	20,025
45. Social sciences	22,700	10,805	11,895	549,090	254,250	294,840	47,735	22,165	25,570
Business, management and public administration	124,905	53,865	71,040	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	317,125	121,510	195,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	105	45	60	3,995	1,335	2,665	450	135	315
44. Public administration and social service professions	5,835	1,070	4,765	213,140	40,230	172,910	18,680	3,200	15,480
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	118,970	52,750	66,215	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	297,995	118,175	179,820
Physical and life sciences and technologies	27,230	13,335	13,895	513,555	241,780	271,785	61,555	29,465	32,090
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	9,575	3,600	5,975	227,460	90,390	137,075	23,290	9,185	14,105
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	5,600	2,495	3,105	108,350	48,075	60,280	14,260	6,255	8,010
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	465	190	270	14,270	5,690	8,580	900	315	580
40. Physical sciences	10,735	6,710	4,020	140,510	88,540	51,970	19,655	12,320	7,335
41. Science technologies/technicians	860	335	525	22,960	9,090	13,870	3,445	1,385	2,055
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	28,300	18,680	9,610	667,305	445,970	221,330	61,125	39,035	22,085
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	24,085	16,720	7,360	554,185	392,835	161,350	51,435	34,910	16,530
25. Library science	900	120	780	27,610	4,720	22,885	2,945	460	2,490
27. Mathematics and statistics	2,765	1,500	1,265	70,940	39,000	31,940	5,775	3,080	2,700
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	555	350	205	14,565	9,415	5,155	965	590	370
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	113,170	94,000	19,170	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	362,315	318,170	44,135
04. Architecture and related services	4,610	2,700	1,910	105,845	61,230	44,605	9,600	5,585	4,020
14. Engineering	51,005	39,500	11,510	724,235	568,385	155,850	95,200	75,075	20,125
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,030	19,430	4,600	536,600	464,510	72,090	84,485	71,240	13,245
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	510	160	350	40	10	30
46. Construction trades	15,725	15,190	535	510,105	493,000	17,100	73,955	71,080	2,875
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	11,690	11,295	400	467,225	452,385	14,840	61,780	59,485	2,290
48. Precision production	6,095	5,885	200	266,690	253,110	13,585	37,260	35,705	1,555
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,820	4,045	4,780	314,120	170,440	143,680	40,085	20,610	19,475
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,000	2,240	2,765	199,335	99,700	99,635	26,160	12,965	13,205
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,820	1,805	2,015	114,780	70,745	44,040	13,925	7,650	6,275
Health and related fields	73,600	16,045	57,555	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	232,820	45,895	186,920
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	5,910	2,840	3,070	139,280	67,885	71,385	16,345	7,640	8,705
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	65,330	12,095	53,230	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	210,650	35,325	175,320
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	130	45	80	4,430	945	3,485	400	145	255
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	2,240	1,065	1,180	48,115	23,255	24,860	5,430	2,785	2,645
Personal, protective and transportation services	19,480	9,855	9,625	772,450	399,835	372,615	76,410	38,205	38,205
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	12,230	4,210	8,020	414,520	112,935	301,590	43,535	12,080	31,455
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	70	10	2,955	2,575	375	300	275	25
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	3,850	3,415	435	445	390	55
43. Security and protective services	3,695	2,380	1,315	183,025	128,295	54,725	15,885	10,385	5,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	3,425	3,150	275	168,105	152,620	15,485	16,245	15,080	1,165
Other¹⁷⁹	140	70	70	4,075	1,150	2,930	350	145	205
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	737,745	364,640	373,105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	2,298,165	1,141,775	1,156,385
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	214,245	113,600	100,640	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	809,700	425,375	384,325
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	523,510	251,045	272,465	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	1,488,465	716,405	772,060
Location of study inside Canada	372,000	180,455	191,540	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	1,157,790	563,035	594,750
Same as province or territory of residence	267,640	128,510	139,130	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	886,080	429,870	456,210
Different than province or territory of residence	104,355	51,950	52,410	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	271,710	133,165	138,545
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	151,510	70,585	80,925	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	330,675	153,370	177,305
Americas	24,755	12,395	12,360	483,810	238,040	245,775	54,515	26,775	27,740
United States of America	14,510	7,920	6,590	279,005	143,575	135,435	34,460	17,900	16,555
Mexico	2,085	930	1,160	36,400	16,175	20,230	4,820	2,255	2,565
Cuba	235	135	95	8,345	4,275	4,070	625	300	320
Haiti	75	45	30	10,620	5,645	4,970	190	125	65
Jamaica	400	175	230	12,780	6,110	6,670	1,470	665	805
Brazil	1,555	665	890	40,050	18,445	21,605	2,480	1,000	1,475
Colombia	2,015	880	1,140	31,165	13,875	17,295	3,200	1,335	1,865
Peru	365	140	225	7,780	3,025	4,750	640	220	420
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,780	745	1,035	12,655	5,330	7,320	2,395	995	1,400
Other locations of study in Americas	1,735	760	970	45,000	21,575	23,425	4,235	1,975	2,265
Europe	25,250	13,170	12,080	543,725	281,205	262,520	54,920	28,570	26,350
Belgium	170	100	70	7,795	4,260	3,535	510	320	190
France	1,155	600	555	97,770	53,930	43,840	2,005	1,045	960
Germany	925	515	405	22,450	12,070	10,380	3,195	1,670	1,520
Netherlands	600	315	285	10,825	6,065	4,765	2,110	1,215	890
Switzerland	280	150	130	8,470	4,420	4,050	945	515	435
Hungary	330	165	165	5,160	2,465	2,700	645	310	335
Moldova¹⁸³	570	270	300	9,055	4,165	4,890	980	445	540
Poland	1,375	540	835	25,215	11,115	14,100	3,150	1,350	1,805
Romania	1,725	935	795	32,250	16,190	16,060	2,790	1,455	1,335
Russian Federation	2,065	890	1,170	36,095	16,250	19,845	3,450	1,515	1,935
Ukraine	1,465	680	785	36,405	16,635	19,775	4,305	1,940	2,365
Ireland⁹⁶	855	520	335	16,040	9,175	6,865	1,865	1,115	750
United Kingdom⁸⁷	9,355	5,195	4,155	151,900	81,980	69,920	20,280	11,190	9,090
Bosnia and Herzegovina	280	145	130	6,030	2,915	3,115	730	375	360
Italy	315	170	140	8,895	5,055	3,840	660	360	300
Serbia⁸⁶	360	180	180	8,745	4,470	4,280	755	365	390
Other locations of study in Europe	3,420	1,790	1,635	60,615	30,055	30,560	6,550	3,385	3,165
Africa	12,240	6,200	6,040	216,815	111,010	105,805	26,775	13,770	13,005
Nigeria	4,635	2,225	2,415	33,280	16,395	16,880	7,795	3,825	3,970
Algeria	330	170	160	33,230	17,020	16,210	670	345	325
Morocco	380	205	175	23,640	12,125	11,510	1,085	615	475
Tunisia	180	110	70	12,655	7,100	5,555	505	305	200
Egypt	1,610	825	785	30,255	15,145	15,115	3,230	1,665	1,565
South Africa, Republic of	1,315	665	655	19,060	9,900	9,160	3,660	1,885	1,770
Other locations of study in Africa	3,795	2,005	1,790	64,700	33,325	31,385	9,830	5,130	4,700
Asia	86,450	37,320	49,140	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	188,060	80,750	107,315
Iran⁸⁸	2,105	980	1,120	66,630	30,180	36,450	3,440	1,605	1,835
Iraq	895	440	455	16,515	8,250	8,265	1,435	730	705
Israel	385	210	175	11,355	5,725	5,630	655	350	305
Lebanon	590	275	315	19,565	9,355	10,210	1,500	695	805
Syria⁸⁹	730	375	355	16,405	7,885	8,520	1,370	700	660
Turkey	385	235	155	11,855	6,595	5,260	895	540	360
China⁹⁰	10,965	4,890	6,075	201,100	87,370	113,720	17,320	7,525	9,795
Taiwan	565	140	430	14,520	4,750	9,770	960	245	715
Hong Kong⁹¹	790	310	485	18,325	7,445	10,875	1,245	425	820
Japan	995	270	720	18,605	5,280	13,325	1,935	530	1,405
Korea, South⁹²	3,715	1,535	2,175	53,575	20,575	33,000	6,990	2,990	4,000
Philippines	28,045	11,105	16,945	305,795	115,370	190,420	74,205	29,080	45,130
Viet Nam	810	315	495	12,500	4,490	8,005	1,500	545	955
Bangladesh	1,360	510	845	25,000	11,360	13,645	2,470	990	1,490
Sri Lanka	455	235	220	15,085	7,090	7,995	1,280	685	595
India	23,485	11,025	12,455	405,850	199,380	206,475	52,120	24,905	27,215
Pakistan	6,015	2,670	3,345	75,155	35,055	40,100	10,355	4,710	5,645
Other locations of study in Asia	4,170	1,795	2,375	64,385	28,650	35,735	8,390	3,510	4,885
Oceania	2,815	1,510	1,305	47,960	24,495	23,460	6,410	3,505	2,905
Australia	2,225	1,200	1,025	38,525	19,270	19,250	4,880	2,560	2,320
New Zealand	480	255	230	7,785	4,300	3,485	1,105	680	425
Other locations of study in Oceania	105	55	45	1,655	930	730	425	265	160
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	3,375,135	1,675,855	1,699,280
In the labour force	730,055	382,305	347,750	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,425
Employed	638,645	335,655	302,995	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,135
Unemployed	91,405	46,650	44,755	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	264,650	138,365	126,290
Not in the labour force	326,175	138,875	187,310	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	1,079,750	459,900	619,845
Participation rate	69.1	73.4	65.0	63.7	67.7	59.8	68.0	72.6	63.5
Employment rate	60.5	64.4	56.6	57.1	60.9	53.4	60.2	64.3	56.1
Unemployment rate	12.5	12.2	12.9	10.3	9.9	10.7	11.5	11.4	11.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,056,230	521,180	535,055	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	3,375,130	1,675,855	1,699,275
Did not work¹⁸⁶	350,820	153,180	197,640	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	1,140,745	497,150	643,595
Worked	705,410	367,995	337,415	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	2,234,385	1,178,705	1,055,680
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	370,495	210,090	160,405	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	1,164,455	670,620	493,835
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	334,920	157,910	177,010	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	1,069,930	508,085	561,840
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.4	39.7	41.0	41.7	40.3	40.8	41.5	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	70,455	34,850	35,605
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
Employee	596,075	303,490	292,590	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	1,876,950	967,450	909,500
Permanent position	498,865	258,105	240,765	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	1,560,435	814,805	745,625
Temporary position	97,210	45,385	51,825	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	316,520	152,640	163,880
Fixed term (1 year or more)	33,010	14,890	18,125	867,740	386,965	480,775	97,610	44,060	53,555
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	64,200	30,500	33,700	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	218,905	108,585	110,320
Self-employed¹⁹²	108,770	66,635	42,130	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	347,975	213,655	134,320
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	70,455	34,850	35,605
All occupations¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	8,910	6,645	2,265	254,760	177,450	77,315	23,120	16,455	6,665
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	135,315	46,270	89,040	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	373,795	110,275	263,520
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	83,405	63,705	19,695	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	182,880	140,540	42,340
3 Health occupations	58,670	11,985	46,685	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	182,480	34,585	147,895
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	77,125	25,355	51,770	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	246,625	82,115	164,510
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	20,330	9,105	11,230	596,785	275,420	321,360	51,815	21,140	30,675
6 Sales and service occupations	175,295	80,580	94,715	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	538,930	232,640	306,285
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	115,655	103,615	12,040	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	441,955	399,605	42,345
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	10,185	8,205	1,980	541,235	416,960	124,270	99,430	77,250	22,180
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	19,960	14,655	5,300	857,540	612,415	245,120	83,895	66,480	17,415
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	730,050	382,305	347,745	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	2,295,380	1,215,955	1,079,430
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	25,210	12,180	13,025	486,865	237,950	248,915	70,455	34,850	35,605
All industries¹⁹¹	704,840	370,120	334,720	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	2,224,920	1,181,100	1,043,820
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,635	1,590	1,050	434,800	295,160	139,640	63,965	42,305	21,665
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	32,410	20,860	11,545	239,030	195,605	43,425	112,890	88,690	24,200
22 Utilities	8,485	5,525	2,960	147,750	109,475	38,270	22,630	15,900	6,735
23 Construction	58,805	49,750	9,055	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	210,350	177,845	32,505
31-33 Manufacturing	33,130	24,105	9,030	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	118,890	88,735	30,155
41 Wholesale trade	22,295	15,400	6,895	610,295	406,960	203,335	71,580	50,655	20,930
44-45 Retail trade	80,115	38,770	41,340	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	253,030	117,605	135,425
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	46,840	34,225	12,610	981,030	742,515	238,515	128,410	96,000	32,410
51 Information and cultural industries	12,790	7,585	5,205	400,460	237,940	162,520	28,680	16,625	12,055
52 Finance and insurance	26,450	12,325	14,125	815,225	358,145	457,080	68,355	27,225	41,135
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	14,175	7,965	6,215	343,940	186,230	157,710	39,400	21,625	17,775
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	83,970	48,655	35,310	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	177,895	99,055	78,840
55 Management of companies and enterprises	2,240	995	1,250	45,455	21,495	23,955	4,420	2,075	2,345
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	31,495	17,855	13,640	792,600	457,880	334,725	91,750	51,325	40,430
61 Educational services	46,695	14,690	32,005	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	149,170	43,775	105,400
62 Health care and social assistance	90,910	18,065	72,845	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	285,090	51,930	233,155
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	14,470	7,345	7,125	350,710	180,205	170,500	42,685	20,880	21,805
72 Accommodation and food services	42,785	19,585	23,200	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	132,930	57,280	75,650
81 Other services (except public administration)	29,975	12,560	17,415	797,935	373,775	424,165	104,530	50,355	54,175
91 Public administration	24,185	12,265	11,920	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	118,270	61,230	57,040
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
English	720,920	377,180	343,730	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	2,319,940	1,223,960	1,095,975
French	1,020	295	725	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	3,840	1,145	2,695
Non-official language	6,605	3,350	3,255	169,205	89,515	79,685	14,015	7,470	6,545
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	6,935	3,590	3,345	245	140	105
Non-Indigenous	6,600	3,350	3,250	162,265	85,925	76,345	13,770	7,330	6,440
English and French	6,415	2,620	3,795	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	20,015	8,200	11,815
English and non-official language(s)	27,865	14,130	13,730	570,220	291,000	279,220	61,830	31,865	29,965
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	20,935	9,955	10,980	45	15	30
English, French and non-official language(s)	665	305	370	69,340	34,190	35,145	1,550	765	785
Multiple non-official languages	570	320	250	11,265	5,960	5,305	885	475	410
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
Single responses	757,765	394,970	362,795	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	2,407,485	1,266,360	1,141,120
Official languages	745,365	388,565	356,810	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	2,381,515	1,252,385	1,129,135
English	743,325	387,970	355,360	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	2,374,615	1,250,455	1,124,165
French	2,040	595	1,445	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	6,900	1,930	4,970
Non-official languages	12,400	6,410	5,990	310,455	161,825	148,635	25,965	13,980	11,990
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	19,435	9,725	9,710	765	425	340
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	695	400	300
Blackfoot	0	0	0	60	35	25	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	630	355	280
Atikamekw	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	630	355	280
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	190	110	85	55	30	20
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	140	80	65	55	20	35
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	520	295	220
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	10	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	695	340	355	10	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	40	25	10	10	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	895	410	480	45	20	25
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	890	410	475	45	20	25
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	535	255	280	40	20	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	155	70	90	10	0	10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	35	15	15	10	0	10
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	100	45	55	10	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	10	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	10	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	0	10	30	10	20	15	0	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	10	0	10	15	0	10	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,390	6,410	5,980	291,025	152,095	138,925	25,200	13,555	11,650
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	205	9,265	5,300	3,955	1,025	535	495
Berber languages	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	415	185	235	165	70	95
Bilen	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	10	0	40	20	15	30	15	15
Somali	0	0	0	365	155	210	135	60	80
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	430	235	195	8,785	5,080	3,705	850	450	400
Amharic	35	25	10	215	95	120	100	50	60
Arabic	315	165	150	7,190	4,250	2,940	600	315	280
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	585	240	340	10	10	0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	325	165	160	125	60	65
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	800	305	490	9,770	4,135	5,635	1,305	500	805
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	495	215	285	20	0	15
Vietnamese	780	295	485	9,260	3,905	5,350	1,275	480	795
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	15	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	535	275	260	4,760	2,180	2,580	1,160	540	620
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	45	15	25	15	0	15
Cebuano	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	55	30	25	165	90	70	70	40	25
Indonesian	0	0	0	170	90	80	10	0	10
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	480	245	235	4,205	1,895	2,310	1,065	490	570
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	30	0	25	3,010	1,410	1,605	90	35	55
Kannada	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	0	250	140	110	40	20	25
Tamil	15	0	15	2,685	1,255	1,425	30	10	25
Telugu	0	0	0	70	15	55	15	0	10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	4,915	2,660	2,260	112,395	64,055	48,335	12,180	7,175	5,010
Albanian	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	425	175	250	10,085	4,390	5,695	780	300	480
Baltic languages	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	425	175	250	9,995	4,375	5,620	780	300	480
Bulgarian	10	0	10	145	55	90	20	0	15
Czech	10	10	0	105	50	55	15	10	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	130	50	80	2,265	1,000	1,265	225	90	135
Russian	175	75	100	5,240	2,085	3,155	305	100	200
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	35	835	485	355	90	45	45
Bosnian	25	10	20	120	80	40	25	10	20
Croatian	0	0	0	155	95	65	10	0	10
Serbian	25	20	10	555	310	245	55	35	20
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	10	0	10	40	10	25	10	0	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	1,265	620	650	115	55	60
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	95	50	45	14,250	8,060	6,190	3,025	1,985	1,045
Frisian	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	70	35	35	10,480	5,695	4,790	1,555	970	580
German	70	35	35	6,615	3,655	2,970	1,540	965	575
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	255	115	135	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	0	10	3,540	2,245	1,290	1,445	995	455
Afrikaans	0	0	0	65	20	40	10	0	10
Dutch	0	0	0	965	515	440	85	50	30
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	560	420	140	330	245	80
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	1,025	695	330
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	190	100	85	15	10	10
Danish	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	875	445	430	15	0	15
Indo-Iranian languages	3,090	1,860	1,225	55,455	32,965	22,490	5,660	3,440	2,220
Indo-Aryan languages	2,955	1,810	1,140	48,020	28,910	19,100	5,435	3,340	2,100
Bengali	0	0	0	645	290	355	10	0	10
Gujarati	70	35	30	1,115	515	600	135	65	65
Hindi	110	60	45	2,235	1,145	1,090	280	150	135
Kacchi	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	30	10	20	275	125	145	70	20	50
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,505	1,605	900	40,840	25,480	15,365	4,630	2,975	1,655
Sindhi	0	0	0	25	0	20	15	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	225	95	135	2,725	1,265	1,465	285	125	160
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	135	50	80	7,430	4,045	3,385	220	100	120
Kurdish	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	10	0	10	130	70	60	10	0	10
Persian languages	125	50	70	7,110	3,825	3,285	210	95	110
Dari	30	10	20	800	445	360	70	30	40
Iranian Persian	90	35	50	5,715	2,980	2,735	115	55	65
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	595	400	195	25	20	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,285	565	720	30,795	17,685	13,105	2,660	1,415	1,245
Catalan	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	15	10	0	1,625	730	900	45	25	20
Portuguese	75	50	30	6,970	4,070	2,895	125	75	50
Romanian	40	25	15	680	375	310	75	45	35
Spanish	1,150	475	670	21,455	12,465	8,990	2,420	1,275	1,145
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	35	15	20	20	15	0
Japanese	105	25	75	3,560	1,225	2,340	205	70	135
Korean	775	435	345	14,345	7,125	7,225	1,250	630	620
Mongolian	15	10	10	25	15	10	15	10	10
Niger-Congo languages	20	0	15	410	210	200	65	30	35
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	25	15	10	15	10	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	30	15	10	10	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	150	95	55	10	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	10	0	10	65	20	45	10	0	10
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	35	20	15	2,010	795	1,210	200	100	100
American Sign Language	30	10	15	1,590	620	970	170	80	85
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	135	65	65	35	20	15
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,560	2,355	2,205	128,375	64,180	64,190	7,340	3,725	3,615
Chinese languages	4,540	2,340	2,200	128,045	63,990	64,055	7,295	3,700	3,605
Hakka	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	1,910	975	935	76,040	37,760	38,280	3,105	1,570	1,535
Min Dong	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	2,595	1,340	1,250	50,950	25,725	25,225	4,145	2,095	2,050
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	25	15	460	240	220	40	30	15
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	295	175	125	40	20	15
Burmese	10	10	0	60	40	20	10	10	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	135	85	50	25	10	10
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	765	310	450	170	65	100
Lao	15	10	0	80	30	50	15	10	0
Thai	35	0	30	670	275	395	150	55	90
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	1,345	695	650	145	115	30
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	55	30	25	1,270	660	615	145	115	30
Uyghur	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	35	20	10	485	215	270	50	30	20
Estonian	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	35	20	10	330	170	160	45	30	15
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	6,320	3,245	3,075	453,880	231,205	222,675	14,630	7,530	7,100
English and French	805	365	435	321,975	163,305	158,675	2,560	1,105	1,455
English and non-official language(s)	5,280	2,770	2,515	115,955	60,210	55,745	11,695	6,245	5,440
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	6,280	2,795	3,485	45	25	20
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	30	50	7,405	3,795	3,605	145	65	75
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	60	2,265	1,100	1,165	190	90	105
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	764,085	398,215	365,870	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	2,422,110	1,273,895	1,148,215
None	734,060	383,675	350,390	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	2,350,940	1,239,355	1,111,590
English	5,720	2,795	2,930	902,625	474,755	427,875	13,200	6,355	6,840
French	4,720	2,005	2,720	589,755	288,955	300,800	14,630	6,410	8,215
Non-official language	16,030	8,000	8,030	331,375	168,035	163,335	36,335	18,310	18,025
Indigenous³⁹	90	40	50	18,190	7,740	10,450	2,125	865	1,255
Non-Indigenous	15,945	7,965	7,980	313,185	160,295	152,885	34,210	17,445	16,765
English and French	15	10	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	35	25	10
English and non-official language(s)	640	305	330	33,125	15,680	17,445	1,080	540	540
French and non-official language(s)	440	215	225	22,615	11,475	11,135	1,125	565	560
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	360	210	150	10	0	10
Multiple non-official languages	2,460	1,210	1,250	50,740	25,425	25,315	4,760	2,335	2,420
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	638,645	335,655	302,990	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	2,030,730	1,077,590	953,140
Worked at home	182,015	89,915	92,100	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	446,315	211,420	234,900
Worked outside Canada	2,460	1,800	660	58,335	40,295	18,035	5,430	4,105	1,330
No fixed workplace address	89,650	66,145	23,505	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	319,675	242,835	76,845
Usual place of work	364,515	177,790	186,730	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	364,520	177,790	186,730	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	1,259,305	619,240	640,065
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	332,545	158,240	174,305	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	902,040	419,240	482,800
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	22,900	13,305	9,595	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	292,360	157,820	134,535
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,875	4,210	1,665	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	52,590	34,120	18,470
Commute to a different province or territory	3,200	2,035	1,165	98,060	60,210	37,850	12,315	8,060	4,260
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Car, truck or van	378,085	208,085	169,995	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	1,378,685	765,905	612,775
Car, truck or van - as a driver	350,765	198,775	151,990	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	1,287,940	730,925	557,015
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	27,315	9,310	18,005	844,155	343,100	501,050	90,740	34,980	55,760
Public transit	39,905	17,255	22,645	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	88,255	39,915	48,345
Walked	19,195	8,805	10,390	672,815	296,610	376,205	62,810	27,445	35,360
Bicycle	3,955	2,970	985	138,615	92,195	46,415	11,370	7,975	3,395
Other method	13,035	6,820	6,215	285,820	144,225	141,595	37,865	20,820	17,040
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Less than 15 minutes	97,610	44,795	52,810	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	487,710	225,360	262,355
15 to 29 minutes	213,150	115,080	98,070	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	610,485	333,105	277,385
30 to 44 minutes	99,695	58,885	40,805	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	302,735	184,370	118,365
45 to 59 minutes	20,845	11,730	9,110	910,610	542,485	368,125	87,230	55,475	31,755
60 minutes and over	22,870	13,440	9,430	926,120	599,115	327,005	90,815	63,765	27,050
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	454,170	243,935	210,235	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	1,578,980	862,070	716,915
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	28,655	20,330	8,325	938,820	701,960	236,865	116,400	88,060	28,340
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	79,585	49,005	30,585	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	296,930	194,765	102,165
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	116,785	61,460	55,320	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	424,170	228,535	195,630
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	86,045	42,180	43,860	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	299,145	134,910	164,240
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	67,250	30,565	36,680	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	195,835	83,185	112,655
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	75,850	40,390	35,455	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	246,495	132,620	113,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	285,180	146,410	138,775	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	971,390	499,245	472,145
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,385	10,340	10,050	897,205	456,120	441,085	67,140	34,000	33,140
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	264,795	136,070	128,725	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	904,245	465,240	439,005
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	205,680	105,675	100,005	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	704,490	362,400	342,090
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,120	7,690	7,430	682,190	346,420	335,770	49,735	25,180	24,555
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,850	3,820	4,030	467,685	234,475	233,215	24,675	12,010	12,665
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	7,275	3,870	3,400	214,500	111,950	102,550	25,055	13,170	11,890
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	190,560	97,990	92,580	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	654,755	337,220	317,530

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 20, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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