Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove			47060266More information: Saskatchewan [Dissemination area] Remove			SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	226,404	...	...	624	...	...	1,132,505	...	...
Population, 2016¹	215,106	...	...	...	...	...	1,098,352	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	...	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	99,134	...	...	419	...	...	513,725	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	92,129	...	...	351	...	...	449,581	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,266.2	...	...	6,724.1	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.81	...	...	0.09	...	...	577,060.40	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	226,405	111,280	115,120	625	360	265	1,132,505	563,120	569,385
0 to 14 years	42,660	21,770	20,885	80	40	40	223,115	114,360	108,755
0 to 4 years	13,555	6,805	6,750	45	20	30	69,455	35,555	33,900
5 to 9 years	14,730	7,460	7,270	20	15	15	76,545	39,210	37,340
10 to 14 years	14,370	7,505	6,865	5	0	0	77,120	39,600	37,520
15 to 64 years	148,560	74,100	74,460	495	295	200	711,405	357,000	354,410
15 to 19 years	12,945	6,685	6,265	30	15	5	68,510	35,525	32,985
20 to 24 years	14,915	7,735	7,190	65	35	30	66,870	34,580	32,295
25 to 29 years	15,475	7,675	7,800	70	40	30	70,030	35,420	34,605
30 to 34 years	17,510	8,615	8,895	75	40	35	78,380	38,930	39,450
35 to 39 years	17,945	8,930	9,010	75	45	30	79,420	39,380	40,040
40 to 44 years	16,170	8,140	8,025	40	20	15	73,055	36,670	36,380
45 to 49 years	13,715	6,800	6,915	40	25	15	65,075	32,425	32,655
50 to 54 years	12,510	6,260	6,250	35	20	15	62,745	31,300	31,440
55 to 59 years	13,910	6,715	7,190	35	20	10	73,165	36,045	37,120
60 to 64 years	13,460	6,540	6,920	25	20	10	74,155	36,725	37,430
65 years and over	35,185	15,415	19,775	55	30	20	197,980	91,765	106,215
65 to 69 years	11,370	5,415	5,955	15	10	5	64,770	32,140	32,630
70 to 74 years	8,610	3,995	4,615	15	5	10	48,945	23,790	25,160
75 to 79 years	5,755	2,550	3,205	15	5	5	33,045	15,605	17,445
80 to 84 years	4,295	1,690	2,605	5	5	5	23,460	10,290	13,170
85 years and over	5,150	1,760	3,390	5	0	0	27,765	9,945	17,820
85 to 89 years	2,940	1,045	1,900	0	0	0	16,165	6,290	9,870
90 to 94 years	1,710	600	1,115	0	0	0	8,715	2,965	5,750
95 to 99 years	440	110	330	0	0	0	2,435	625	1,810
100 years and over	55	10	45	0	0	0	450	60	385
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.6	18.1	12.8	11.1	15.1	19.7	20.3	19.1
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.6	64.7	79.2	81.9	75.5	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	15.5	13.9	17.2	8.8	8.3	7.5	17.5	16.3	18.7
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	0.8	0.0	0.0	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.1	36.7	37.8	35.2	39.8	38.9	40.7
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	34.8	35.6	33.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	92,130	...	...	355	...	...	449,580	...	...
Single-detached house	58,120	...	...	35	...	...	322,070	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,625	...	...	5	...	...	13,680	...	...
Row house	6,025	...	...	0	...	...	19,860	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,210	...	...	0	...	...	11,240	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,560	...	...	185	...	...	61,855	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,390	...	...	125	...	...	11,040	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0	...	...	755	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...	0	...	...	9,090	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	92,130	...	...	350	...	...	449,580	...	...
1 person	27,875	...	...	190	...	...	130,110	...	...
2 persons	30,420	...	...	95	...	...	158,555	...	...
3 persons	13,605	...	...	40	...	...	60,185	...	...
4 persons	12,475	...	...	20	...	...	57,860	...	...
5 or more persons	7,745	...	...	10	...	...	42,875	...	...
Number of persons in private households	223,075	109,975	113,100	625	360	265	1,103,205	549,475	553,725
Average household size	2.4	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	183,750	89,510	94,240	550	325	230	909,390	448,765	460,625
Married or living common-law	102,485	51,180	51,305	225	115	110	526,835	263,575	263,255
Married	85,680	42,785	42,895	185	100	85	440,040	220,210	219,830
Living common-law	16,805	8,395	8,410	40	20	25	86,795	43,365	43,430
Living common law - Never married	12,930	6,495	6,430	35	15	20	65,395	32,860	32,530
Living common law - Separated	485	250	230	0	0	0	3,075	1,580	1,495
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,530	1,575	5	0	0	16,305	8,125	8,185
Living common law - Widowed	285	120	170	0	0	0	2,025	800	1,220
Not married and not living common-law	81,260	38,330	42,930	325	205	115	382,560	185,185	197,370
Not married and not living common law - Never married	56,260	30,255	26,005	255	170	85	258,905	142,445	116,460
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,115	1,740	2,380	15	5	5	20,685	9,310	11,375
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,230	4,350	6,880	45	25	25	50,635	22,150	28,485
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,655	1,985	7,665	10	0	5	52,330	11,280	41,050
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	61,005	...	...	120	...	...	308,690	...	...
2 persons	30,355	...	...	75	...	...	160,870	...	...
3 persons	13,035	...	...	30	...	...	58,650	...	...
4 persons	11,915	...	...	15	...	...	55,775	...	...
5 or more persons	5,700	...	...	10	...	...	33,390	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	61,005	...	...	125	...	...	308,690	...	...
Total couple families	49,900	...	...	110	...	...	255,910	...	...
Married couples	41,500	...	...	85	...	...	212,520	...	...
With children⁶	22,965	...	...	45	...	...	106,385	...	...
Without children	18,530	...	...	45	...	...	106,135	...	...
Common-law couples	8,405	...	...	20	...	...	43,395	...	...
With children⁶	3,160	...	...	0	...	...	18,190	...	...
Without children	5,240	...	...	20	...	...	25,205	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,105	...	...	15	...	...	52,775	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,590	...	...	10	...	...	39,825	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,515	...	...	0	...	...	12,955	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	223,075	109,975	113,100	620	360	265	1,103,205	549,475	553,725
Total - Persons in census families	178,470	88,170	90,300	320	160	165	903,775	448,945	454,830
Married spouses or common-law partners	99,805	49,885	49,920	220	110	110	511,820	255,785	256,040
Parents in one-parent families	11,100	2,510	8,590	15	5	15	52,780	12,955	39,820
Children⁶	67,565	35,775	31,790	90	50	45	339,175	180,210	158,965
In a two-parent family	49,485	25,920	23,560	75	35	35	248,725	130,995	117,725
In a one-parent family	18,085	9,850	8,230	15	10	10	90,455	49,210	41,240
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	44,605	21,800	22,805	305	200	100	199,425	100,530	98,895
Living alone	27,880	12,455	15,420	195	135	60	130,105	62,520	67,590
Living with other relatives⁷	6,140	2,880	3,250	15	5	5	28,150	13,805	14,345
Living with non-relatives only	10,590	6,460	4,125	100	65	35	41,165	24,200	16,960
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	92,130	...	...	350	...	...	449,585	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	54,045	...	...	115	...	...	275,515	...	...
Couple-family households	45,345	...	...	100	...	...	236,790	...	...
With children⁶	23,660	...	...	45	...	...	113,990	...	...
Without children	21,690	...	...	60	...	...	122,800	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,695	...	...	15	...	...	38,720	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,000	...	...	0	...	...	9,815	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,890	...	...	10	...	...	13,265	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,855	...	...	35	...	...	18,915	...	...
One-person households	27,880	...	...	190	...	...	130,105	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	180,515	88,260	92,255	545	320	225	882,780	436,550	446,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,475	84,055	88,420	515	305	210	844,920	417,025	427,895
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,200	42,400	34,000	36,800	31,000	42,400	48,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,530	84,085	88,450	515	305	210	845,455	417,320	428,130
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	31,400	34,000	28,400	38,400	42,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	156,630	77,335	79,295	420	255	160	757,325	379,255	378,070
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,600	32,000	38,800	28,600	36,800	44,400	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,495	66,025	63,470	360	220	140	622,670	322,180	300,495
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	34,400	39,600	31,000	36,800	43,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,065	73,240	79,825	465	270	195	751,755	364,545	387,210
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,520	9,200	9,500	6,650	11,600	8,800	6,750	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,300	8,315	7,985	65	40	25	84,485	43,415	41,065
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,480	5,480	6,000	6,000	6,000	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,490	21,960	22,530	160	95	70	214,100	103,150	110,950
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	12,000	12,000	12,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	180,515	88,270	92,240	620	370	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,410	83,980	88,430	600	355	245	845,425	417,040	428,380
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	63,400	50,360	38,200	37,600	39,600	53,050	60,250	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,475	84,010	88,460	600	355	245	845,965	417,355	428,610
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	51,600	43,120	33,400	32,200	35,200	44,680	49,360	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,820	77,340	79,480	465	280	180	757,585	378,980	378,605
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,500	44,760	36,200	34,800	38,000	48,680	57,250	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,490	65,810	63,685	405	240	160	622,690	321,515	301,175
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	58,600	45,320	38,000	38,000	38,000	47,360	54,650	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,715	72,965	79,755	540	320	220	751,480	363,960	387,525
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,820	11,210	11,360	10,700	12,400	10,650	9,420	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,120	8,290	7,820	90	60	30	83,595	42,755	40,840
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,115	7,880	8,000	5,200	14,000	7,330	7,060	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,490	22,075	22,415	190	125	70	213,970	103,245	110,725
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,890	8,960	10,800	10,600	11,200	9,000	8,960	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	180,510	88,270	92,240	620	375	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,735	35,970	30,765	170	110	65	301,310	168,990	132,320
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	71,500	62,400	59,200	50,400	65,500	62,000	67,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,200	82,700	68,700	64,000	62,000	68,000	70,100	76,500	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	48,570	22,880	25,690	185	115	65	237,965	111,525	126,440
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	16,800	13,700	13,700	12,300	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,160	25,160	20,200	19,200	22,000	29,120	34,440	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.0	80.0	73.5	74.0	72.0	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.4	64.8	67.0	69.0	64.0	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	12.1	20.1	26.6	26.0	28.0	17.8	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	3.2	2.6	4.0	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.4	9.8	10.8	8.6	5.0	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	9.0	10.0	7.6	4.3	3.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	180,510	88,255	92,260	550	325	225	882,780	436,550	446,230
Without total income	8,045	4,205	3,840	35	20	10	37,860	19,525	18,335
With total income	172,470	84,050	88,420	520	300	215	844,915	417,025	427,890
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,070	6,025	7,050	50	20	30	71,550	33,580	37,975
$10,000 to $19,999	16,245	7,040	9,210	60	35	25	92,735	40,045	52,690
$20,000 to $29,999	23,555	10,145	13,410	125	70	55	126,965	54,565	72,400
$30,000 to $39,999	20,845	9,090	11,750	65	35	35	105,405	45,260	60,150
$40,000 to $49,999	19,810	8,820	10,995	70	40	25	96,850	43,305	53,545
$50,000 to $59,999	17,170	8,100	9,070	45	30	15	80,190	38,235	41,955
$60,000 to $69,999	14,075	7,155	6,915	30	20	10	63,160	33,360	29,800
$70,000 to $79,999	11,300	6,070	5,230	20	15	10	49,340	27,775	21,560
$80,000 to $89,999	8,925	4,860	4,065	15	15	0	38,610	22,165	16,450
$90,000 to $99,999	7,140	3,835	3,300	10	5	0	30,895	17,430	13,460
$100,000 and over	20,340	12,910	7,435	30	15	15	89,220	61,310	27,910
$100,000 to $149,999	14,395	8,695	5,700	25	15	15	62,465	40,955	21,510
$150,000 and over	5,945	4,210	1,730	5	5	0	26,750	20,350	6,400
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	180,510	88,255	92,260	550	325	225	882,780	436,550	446,230
Without after-tax income	7,980	4,175	3,810	35	20	10	37,330	19,230	18,100
With after-tax income	172,530	84,080	88,450	520	300	215	845,450	417,320	428,130
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,595	6,185	7,410	50	20	30	74,770	34,925	39,840
$10,000 to $19,999	17,125	7,425	9,700	60	35	30	96,975	41,905	55,070
$20,000 to $29,999	27,115	11,855	15,260	130	80	55	143,230	62,170	81,055
$30,000 to $39,999	25,285	11,290	14,000	90	50	40	125,245	55,255	69,990
$40,000 to $49,999	23,600	11,005	12,595	75	45	30	113,220	53,350	59,870
$50,000 to $59,999	19,355	9,775	9,580	35	25	10	87,685	45,835	41,850
$60,000 to $69,999	14,600	7,735	6,860	25	20	5	63,720	35,460	28,260
$70,000 to $79,999	10,790	5,730	5,065	20	10	5	47,135	26,270	20,865
$80,000 to $89,999	6,865	3,790	3,070	10	0	10	29,945	17,670	12,275
$90,000 to $99,999	4,475	2,645	1,830	10	5	5	19,390	12,375	7,010
$100,000 and over	9,735	6,650	3,085	10	10	0	44,145	32,100	12,040
$100,000 to $124,999	5,345	3,515	1,830	5	5	0	24,420	17,370	7,050
$125,000 and over	4,395	3,140	1,255	5	5	0	19,725	14,730	4,990
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	180,510	88,255	92,260	550	325	225	882,780	436,550	446,230
Without employment income	51,020	22,235	28,785	185	100	85	260,105	114,375	145,735
With employment income	129,495	66,025	63,470	365	225	140	622,670	322,175	300,490
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,130	6,950	8,180	50	30	20	90,620	43,400	47,215
$5,000 to $9,999	9,600	4,335	5,260	40	15	25	49,340	22,310	27,030
$10,000 to $19,999	13,950	6,395	7,555	50	30	20	72,905	33,690	39,215
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	5,415	5,790	30	20	5	58,850	26,960	31,890
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040	5,205	5,835	35	15	15	56,210	25,585	30,625
$40,000 to $49,999	11,605	5,475	6,130	35	25	10	54,395	25,875	28,520
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,470	5,425	45	30	15	47,765	24,415	23,350
$60,000 to $69,999	9,755	5,220	4,535	20	15	5	40,940	22,855	18,090
$70,000 to $79,999	8,090	4,455	3,635	15	10	5	33,380	19,360	14,015
$80,000 to $89,999	6,830	3,720	3,110	20	15	5	29,020	16,645	12,375
$90,000 to $99,999	5,720	3,080	2,635	10	5	0	23,480	13,565	9,915
$100,000 and over	15,670	10,290	5,375	20	15	10	65,770	47,510	18,255
$100,000 to $124,999	7,735	4,660	3,075	15	10	10	31,845	20,990	10,855
$125,000 and over	7,935	5,635	2,305	5	0	0	33,925	26,520	7,405
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	180,515	88,260	92,255	545	320	225	882,780	436,550	446,230
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,335	81,900	86,430	500	295	205	825,815	406,805	419,010
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	40,400	26,400	32,000	22,400	41,200	48,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,395	81,905	86,485	500	295	205	826,075	406,845	419,225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	25,400	29,200	21,400	37,200	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,960	76,000	77,960	405	250	160	745,575	372,880	372,700
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	31,600	36,400	24,600	38,400	46,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,340	65,415	62,925	360	220	140	619,030	320,010	299,020
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	39,200	32,400	38,400	21,200	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,080	68,975	75,110	420	245	175	712,010	346,320	365,690
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,130	4,680	2,120	1,200	4,680	3,360	1,240	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,025	5,915	6,110	30	20	15	69,035	34,850	34,185
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	7,000	5,400	4,600	x	6,360	6,240	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	180,515	88,270	92,240	620	370	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,460	81,880	86,580	565	340	220	826,385	406,875	419,505
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	62,350	47,800	38,200	38,000	38,400	51,350	59,400	43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,505	81,890	86,615	565	340	220	826,660	406,915	419,740
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,440	40,640	32,600	32,400	32,800	42,960	48,440	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	154,535	76,130	78,400	435	270	170	746,260	372,755	373,505
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	62,000	45,000	42,200	41,600	43,200	49,600	58,900	40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,830	65,605	63,220	395	240	155	619,710	319,750	299,965
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100	60,100	45,800	42,600	44,000	40,000	48,320	56,150	39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,205	69,075	75,130	475	295	185	712,110	346,290	365,820
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,595	8,120	6,640	6,320	7,200	7,580	6,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,030	5,960	6,065	30	30	0	68,920	34,910	34,015
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,335	8,970	4,800	4,800	...	8,030	7,450	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	180,510	88,270	92,240	620	375	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,185	35,655	30,525	180	115	65	299,100	167,785	131,315
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,500	58,400	58,400	58,000	59,200	58,800	65,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	80,200	64,400	59,200	56,000	64,000	67,100	74,200	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,210	21,230	23,980	150	105	45	222,840	104,130	118,710
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,800	23,000	30,400	38,800	30,000	24,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	40,720	30,640	34,500	35,000	34,000	34,880	41,840	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.2	85.0	86.0	84.0	87.2	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.2	70.0	78.0	82.0	72.0	70.6	74.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	14.8	14.7	14.2	15.4	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	0.7	1.0	...	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	92,130	...	...	350	...	...	449,580	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	47,200	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,880	...	...	190	...	...	130,105	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	34,800	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	32,400	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,250	...	...	160	...	...	319,475	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	78,500	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	92,130	...	...	385	...	...	449,580	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	59,000	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	51,600	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,865	...	...	215	...	...	129,935	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	42,400	...	...	53,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	36,800	...	...	44,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,265	...	...	175	...	...	319,645	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	79,500	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	70,000	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	92,125	...	...	350	...	...	449,580	...	...
Under $5,000	1,025	...	...	10	...	...	5,030	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0	...	...	2,640	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	10	...	...	4,645	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400	...	...	15	...	...	8,295	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,135	...	...	45	...	...	19,430	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,890	...	...	20	...	...	15,705	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,740	...	...	20	...	...	14,730	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,020	...	...	15	...	...	17,200	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,190	...	...	20	...	...	17,145	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,350	...	...	20	...	...	17,225	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	...	...	35	...	...	33,580	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	...	...	25	...	...	32,145	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,315	...	...	30	...	...	30,370	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,815	...	...	25	...	...	28,270	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,445	...	...	20	...	...	26,025	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,290	...	...	50	...	...	177,135	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,365	...	...	20	...	...	53,545	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,465	...	...	10	...	...	39,320	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,635	...	...	15	...	...	47,170	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,820	...	...	5	...	...	37,100	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	92,125	...	...	350	...	...	449,580	...	...
Under $5,000	1,115	...	...	10	...	...	5,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	0	...	...	2,730	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	10	...	...	4,800	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	15	...	...	8,635	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,430	...	...	50	...	...	20,715	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,290	...	...	15	...	...	17,735	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,245	...	...	20	...	...	17,085	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,785	...	...	20	...	...	20,380	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,930	...	...	20	...	...	20,090	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	25	...	...	19,875	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	...	...	40	...	...	39,515	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,795	...	...	35	...	...	37,680	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,240	...	...	35	...	...	35,090	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,590	...	...	15	...	...	31,875	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	...	...	15	...	...	28,180	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,100	...	...	30	...	...	139,455	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,745	...	...	15	...	...	54,690	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,785	...	...	10	...	...	35,800	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,570	...	...	10	...	...	48,965	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,885	...	...	125	...	...	306,550	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,235	...	...	65	...	...	124,905	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,215	...	...	45	...	...	125,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	15	...	...	47,700	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	x	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,465	18,920	19,550	290	195	90	171,275	86,725	84,555
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,400	42,800	27,000	27,200	26,000	39,200	41,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000	38,400	25,600	26,600	23,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,920	...	...	135	...	...	306,600	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	84,000	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	72,000	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,270	...	...	80	...	...	125,115	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	76,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	68,000	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,225	...	...	40	...	...	125,520	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	95,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	80,000	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,370	...	...	0	...	...	47,570	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	...	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	...	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,405	18,935	19,475	335	215	120	171,095	86,755	84,335
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	52,200	51,000	34,800	36,400	32,000	49,640	52,300	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	43,240	43,720	30,400	31,200	29,200	41,960	43,200	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	625	360	265	1,103,200	549,475	553,730
0 to 17 years	50,185	25,655	24,530	80	40	40	261,770	134,340	127,430
0 to 5 years	16,460	8,265	8,195	45	20	30	83,310	42,545	40,765
18 to 64 years	140,050	69,635	70,415	490	290	200	657,835	328,185	329,655
65 years and over	32,840	14,685	18,155	55	30	20	183,595	86,950	96,645
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,980	11,385	12,590	175	110	65	147,955	71,010	76,945
0 to 17 years	7,235	3,695	3,540	10	5	5	45,500	23,280	22,215
0 to 5 years	2,605	1,245	1,365	5	5	5	15,520	7,735	7,790
18 to 64 years	13,305	6,485	6,820	150	95	55	74,450	36,410	38,040
65 years and over	3,440	1,205	2,230	10	10	5	28,000	11,315	16,690
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.4	11.1	27.6	30.8	23.0	13.4	12.9	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.0	16.0	10.0	17.4	17.3	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.1	16.6	16.0	x	12.0	18.6	18.2	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	30.0	32.5	27.0	11.3	11.1	11.5
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.2	12.3	24.0	32.0	16.0	15.3	13.0	17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	620	360	265	1,047,470	521,355	526,115
0 to 17 years	50,190	25,655	24,535	85	35	45	239,370	122,980	116,385
0 to 5 years	16,465	8,260	8,200	50	20	30	76,215	39,020	37,195
18 to 64 years	140,045	69,635	70,415	485	285	200	628,090	313,165	314,925
65 years and over	32,840	14,690	18,155	55	35	25	180,015	85,205	94,805
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,110	5,450	4,660	85	60	25	42,310	22,585	19,730
0 to 17 years	2,380	1,220	1,155	5	0	0	10,250	5,365	4,890
0 to 5 years	795	395	400	5	0	0	3,285	1,675	1,610
18 to 64 years	7,290	4,030	3,260	80	55	25	29,210	15,830	13,375
65 years and over	445	200	245	5	5	0	2,850	1,390	1,465
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.1	13.4	16.5	9.5	4.0	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	x	x	x	4.3	4.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	x	x	x	4.3	4.3	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	16.0	19.5	12.0	4.7	5.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	x	x	x	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	223,075	109,975	113,100	625	360	265	1,103,200	549,475	553,730
In bottom half of the distribution	106,475	51,510	54,960	475	270	205	580,685	283,030	297,655
In bottom decile	21,960	10,990	10,975	170	105	65	129,985	64,240	65,750
In second decile	21,470	9,915	11,550	80	40	35	119,140	55,775	63,370
In third decile	21,120	10,170	10,955	60	35	30	112,825	54,665	58,160
In fourth decile	20,780	10,030	10,745	80	45	35	110,110	54,280	55,835
In fifth decile	21,145	10,400	10,745	80	40	40	108,615	54,070	54,540
In top half of the distribution	116,600	58,465	58,135	145	85	60	522,520	266,445	256,075
In sixth decile	22,300	10,955	11,350	40	25	20	107,950	54,265	53,680
In seventh decile	23,405	11,675	11,730	35	20	15	108,365	54,950	53,415
In eighth decile	24,275	12,145	12,130	40	25	10	108,465	55,155	53,315
In ninth decile	24,685	12,445	12,235	10	5	5	106,220	54,550	51,670
In top decile	21,940	11,240	10,695	20	10	10	91,515	47,520	44,000
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	223,075	...	...	620	...	...	1,103,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.498	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.295	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
English only	207,155	102,745	104,415	595	345	255	1,055,000	527,580	527,420
French only	180	80	95	0	0	0	450	210	235
English and French	13,580	6,160	7,420	15	5	10	51,970	23,490	28,480
Neither English nor French	2,900	1,295	1,605	15	5	5	8,625	3,940	4,685
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
English	218,150	107,635	110,515	610	345	260	1,094,690	545,105	549,585
French	2,300	1,120	1,180	5	5	0	11,335	5,500	5,835
English and French	590	300	290	0	0	0	1,815	905	905
Neither English nor French	2,775	1,225	1,550	15	5	5	8,200	3,705	4,495
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
Single responses	215,360	106,115	109,245	565	325	240	1,082,470	538,920	543,550
Official languages	173,925	85,390	88,535	380	210	165	924,330	461,055	463,275
English	171,680	84,300	87,375	375	210	165	911,765	454,950	456,815
French	2,250	1,090	1,160	5	5	5	12,565	6,105	6,460
Non-official languages	41,435	20,730	20,710	190	115	75	158,135	77,865	80,275
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	120	205	0	0	0	20,785	9,935	10,850
Algonquian languages	255	90	160	0	0	0	14,490	6,910	7,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	13,810	6,595	7,215
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	13,810	6,595	7,215
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	440	220	215
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	20	45	0	0	0	3,005	1,440	1,570
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0	0	0	1,255	580	670
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0	0	0	9,060	4,325	4,735
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	45	0	0	0	670	310	355
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0	0	0	665	310	350
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0	0	0	590	275	310
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0	60	25	35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	5,790	2,790	2,995
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	5,780	2,785	2,995
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0	0	0	5,780	2,785	2,995
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	30	5	25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0	25	5	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	15	5	10	0	0	0	260	125	140
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	200	95	105
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0	0	0	60	30	25
Dakota	10	5	5	0	0	0	120	50	75
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Non-Indigenous languages	41,115	20,605	20,505	190	110	75	137,355	67,925	69,430
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,025	1,515	1,515	5	5	0	7,795	3,935	3,860
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	50	25	25
Hausa	15	5	10	0	0	0	50	25	25
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0	0	0	1,010	480	530
Bilen	75	40	35	0	0	0	110	60	50
Oromo	50	20	30	0	0	0	115	60	55
Somali	425	205	225	0	0	0	690	320	365
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0	95	40	55
Semitic languages	2,425	1,230	1,200	5	5	0	6,730	3,425	3,300
Amharic	170	85	90	0	0	0	370	170	195
Arabic	1,750	885	860	5	5	0	4,610	2,370	2,235
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	665	330	340
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	345	170	175
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	130	150
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	20
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0	0	0	50	25	25
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0	0	0	1,010	515	495
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,605	775	830	0	0	0	3,590	1,705	1,880
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0	0	0	125	65	65
Vietnamese	1,565	755	815	0	0	0	3,455	1,645	1,815
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	7,330	3,480	3,850	35	20	15	27,210	12,750	14,460
Bikol	30	15	15	0	0	0	120	55	60
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	90	100	0	0	0	580	270	315
Cebuano	405	190	220	5	0	5	1,365	620	745
Fijian	5	5	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Hiligaynon	90	40	55	0	0	0	365	175	185
Ilocano	435	200	235	0	0	0	1,085	490	590
Indonesian	20	5	15	0	0	0	90	35	55
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0	0	0	100	40	55
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0	0	0	290	140	150
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0	0	0	60	25	35
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,905	2,825	3,085	30	15	10	22,680	10,680	12,010
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0	0	0	105	45	55
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0	295	140	160
Creole languages	75	40	35	0	0	0	225	110	110
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Morisyen	30	15	15	0	0	0	90	40	50
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	65	35	30
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dravidian languages	1,105	605	500	10	5	5	2,645	1,450	1,190
Kannada	30	10	20	0	0	0	95	40	50
Malayalam	620	330	295	0	0	0	1,660	915	745
Tamil	205	110	90	0	0	0	440	235	205
Telugu	240	150	95	5	0	0	430	245	185
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	10	5
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	20,315	10,480	9,840	120	75	45	73,910	37,200	36,715
Albanian	175	90	80	5	0	0	325	170	150
Armenian	20	10	10	0	0	0	115	60	60
Balto-Slavic languages	2,770	1,275	1,495	0	0	0	13,790	6,380	7,410
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0	145	70	75
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0	80	40	45
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0	0	0	60	35	30
Slavic languages	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0	13,640	6,305	7,330
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0	0	0	70	30	40
Czech	25	10	15	0	0	0	170	75	95
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Polish	350	160	195	0	0	0	1,335	595	740
Russian	840	395	445	0	0	0	2,565	1,180	1,385
Rusyn	10	5	0	0	0	0	215	105	110
Serbo-Croatian	340	165	175	0	0	0	1,080	550	530
Bosnian	75	40	35	0	0	0	245	120	120
Croatian	130	60	70	0	0	0	360	175	185
Serbian	125	60	65	0	0	0	445	240	200
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	20
Slovak	25	15	10	0	0	0	65	35	30
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0	55	25	35
Ukrainian	1,090	485	610	0	0	0	8,030	3,685	4,340
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	60	30	25
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Germanic languages	1,810	850	955	5	5	5	21,360	10,450	10,905
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
High German languages	1,400	645	755	5	0	0	16,020	7,795	8,225
German	1,385	640	745	5	0	0	15,875	7,715	8,160
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Swiss German	5	5	5	0	0	0	115	65	50
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	175	165	0	0	0	4,795	2,400	2,395
Afrikaans	135	85	55	0	0	0	1,360	720	640
Dutch	160	75	85	0	0	0	1,020	520	505
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	540	255	285
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0	0	0	1,765	855	910
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0	55	25	30
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	515	245	275
Danish	35	20	10	0	0	0	205	110	95
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0	30	15	15
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0	195	85	105
Swedish	15	5	5	0	0	0	90	35	50
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	10
Greek	460	230	230	0	0	0	805	415	390
Indo-Iranian languages	13,150	7,060	6,095	105	60	40	30,330	16,195	14,135
Indo-Aryan languages	12,310	6,620	5,690	90	55	35	27,930	14,925	13,005
Assamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	10	5
Bengali	1,365	715	645	40	25	15	3,680	1,925	1,760
Gujarati	2,635	1,485	1,155	15	10	0	5,175	2,930	2,245
Hindi	1,165	655	510	15	10	10	2,395	1,375	1,020
Kacchi	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	10
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Konkani	25	10	10	5	0	5	30	20	15
Marathi	65	40	30	0	0	0	175	100	80
Nepali	360	180	175	0	0	0	745	390	355
Oriya languages	15	10	10	10	5	5	45	30	15
Odia	10	5	0	10	5	5	35	25	10
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,980	2,140	1,840	5	0	5	8,555	4,570	3,985
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0	140	80	60
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0	0	0	285	130	155
Urdu	2,505	1,280	1,230	0	0	0	6,510	3,285	3,225
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0	0	0	145	85	65
Iranian languages	840	435	395	10	5	5	2,390	1,265	1,125
Baluchi	5	0	0	0	0	0	70	35	30
Kurdish	55	35	25	0	0	0	170	95	75
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Pashto	175	105	75	0	0	0	480	275	205
Persian languages	595	300	300	10	5	5	1,660	855	805
Dari	215	105	105	0	0	0	390	205	190
Iranian Persian	335	170	170	10	5	5	1,105	565	540
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0	165	85	75
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	955	970	5	5	5	7,130	3,495	3,635
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	290	145	145	0	0	0	595	295	300
Portuguese	175	90	90	0	0	0	875	385	490
Romanian	200	90	110	0	0	0	735	360	380
Spanish	1,265	630	630	10	5	5	4,915	2,450	2,465
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	15	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Japanese	85	25	60	0	0	0	250	75	180
Korean	505	210	295	0	0	0	1,690	815	880
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Niger-Congo languages	1,140	585	560	5	0	0	2,890	1,485	1,405
Akan (Twi)	60	30	30	0	0	0	220	115	110
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Edo	15	10	5	0	0	0	25	15	10
Éwé	20	5	10	0	0	0	40	25	20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ga	10	5	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Ganda	35	20	15	0	0	0	45	15	25
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Igbo	145	85	60	0	0	0	305	170	135
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0	0	0	150	75	75
Lingala	10	5	5	0	0	0	40	20	25
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ndebele	5	5	5	0	0	0	30	15	15
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0	0	0	190	90	100
Shona	30	15	10	0	0	0	105	50	55
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Swahili	150	75	75	0	0	0	445	225	215
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Yoruba	335	165	170	0	0	0	835	435	400
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0	0	0	345	165	185
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0	0	0	470	255	220
Dinka	55	35	25	0	0	0	150	80	70
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0	230	115	110
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0	40	30	10
Sign languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	165	85	85
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0	125	60	65
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,125	2,515	2,615	10	5	5	14,515	7,115	7,395
Chinese languages	4,585	2,240	2,345	10	5	5	13,470	6,595	6,875
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	15	15
Mandarin	3,170	1,560	1,605	5	5	0	9,150	4,495	4,655
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0	0	0	155	80	80
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0	0	0	70	35	35
Yue (Cantonese)	1,225	590	640	10	5	5	3,765	1,825	1,935
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0	0	0	285	140	145
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0	0	0	1,015	510	510
Burmese	30	15	10	0	0	0	135	70	65
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0	0	0	785	395	390
S'gaw Karen	350	180	165	0	0	0	675	350	330
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0	0	0	105	45	60
Tibetan	10	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0	45	20	25
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10
Tai-Kadai languages	175	75	105	0	0	0	420	170	245
Lao	130	60	70	0	0	0	270	130	135
Thai	50	15	35	0	0	0	145	40	105
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages	130	60	70	0	0	0	400	200	200
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0	0	0	50	30	20
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Turkish	95	50	50	0	0	0	295	155	145
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uzbek	5	0	5	0	0	0	35	15	20
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Uralic languages	295	135	160	0	0	0	1,085	525	565
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Finnish	15	5	10	0	0	0	150	65	90
Hungarian	275	130	145	0	0	0	910	450	465
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	40	25	20
Multiple responses	8,455	4,165	4,285	60	35	20	33,575	16,305	17,275
English and French	760	390	375	0	0	0	3,525	1,700	1,825
English and non-official language(s)	6,670	3,295	3,375	55	35	20	27,035	13,180	13,855
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0	0	0	350	175	175
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0	0	0	415	195	220
Multiple non-official languages	750	350	400	0	5	0	2,250	1,055	1,200
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
English	174,880	85,845	89,030	375	215	155	938,715	467,760	470,955
French	630	310	320	0	0	0	2,095	1,010	1,080
Non-official language	11,290	5,610	5,675	40	20	20	41,955	20,925	21,035
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0	0	0	4,235	2,105	2,135
Non-Indigenous	11,270	5,605	5,665	40	20	20	37,720	18,820	18,895
English and French	2,030	940	1,090	5	5	0	7,920	3,650	4,265
English and non-official language(s)	32,530	16,345	16,185	200	115	80	118,480	58,500	59,980
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0	0	0	280	135	140
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	460	475	0	0	0	2,595	1,230	1,360
Multiple non-official languages	1,405	710	690	15	10	10	4,005	2,005	2,000
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
Single responses	214,720	105,675	109,040	560	320	240	1,084,685	539,755	544,930
Official languages	188,395	92,390	96,000	425	245	180	993,865	494,130	499,730
English	187,440	91,930	95,515	425	240	180	990,645	492,580	498,070
French	950	460	490	0	0	0	3,215	1,550	1,665
Non-official languages	26,325	13,290	13,040	130	75	55	90,820	45,625	45,195
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0	0	0	9,060	4,505	4,560
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,420
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0	0	0	4,780	2,415	2,370
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0	0	0	4,780	2,415	2,370
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	195	115	90
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	865	440	430
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	455	235	215
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	3,250	1,625	1,630
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	110	60	50
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	110	55	50
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0	0	0	95	50	45
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,030	1,965	2,070
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,025	1,955	2,070
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	50	45
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Dakota	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,245	13,255	12,990	130	75	55	81,760	41,125	40,635
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0	0	0	5,140	2,505	2,630
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	5
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0	0	0	680	325	360
Bilen	65	35	25	0	0	0	85	50	40
Oromo	45	20	25	0	0	0	85	40	45
Somali	290	135	155	0	0	0	435	200	230
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	75	35	40
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0	0	0	4,445	2,175	2,270
Amharic	70	30	45	0	0	0	195	95	105
Arabic	1,225	595	630	0	0	0	3,055	1,500	1,560
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	455	210	245
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	225	95	125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0	0	0	710	360	350
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,280	630	650	0	0	0	2,735	1,340	1,400
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0	40	15	25
Vietnamese	1,270	625	640	0	0	0	2,700	1,325	1,370
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	4,720	2,285	2,435	30	15	15	16,905	8,200	8,705
Bikol	20	10	10	0	0	0	60	25	30
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	315	150	160
Cebuano	220	105	115	5	0	5	740	360	385
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0	0	0	205	100	105
Ilocano	180	90	90	0	0	0	490	235	255
Indonesian	5	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	15
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0	0	0	155	75	75
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,015	1,940	2,070	20	15	10	14,610	7,085	7,520
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0	0	0	50	25	30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	150	75	75
Creole languages	40	15	25	0	0	0	105	45	65
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0	0	0	50	20	25
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	10	5	5	1,765	940	825
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0	40	20	20
Malayalam	455	245	220	5	5	0	1,175	640	535
Tamil	125	65	65	0	0	0	275	130	140
Telugu	135	75	60	5	0	5	260	140	120
Tulu	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	12,250	6,405	5,840	80	45	35	40,455	20,825	19,625
Albanian	85	40	45	5	0	0	140	65	70
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0	55	25	30
Balto-Slavic languages	1,170	585	590	0	0	0	4,420	2,220	2,200
Baltic languages	25	15	5	0	0	0	75	40	40
Latvian	10	5	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0	0	0	35	20	15
Slavic languages	1,150	570	580	0	0	0	4,345	2,185	2,160
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0	40	25	20
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Polish	95	40	50	0	0	0	330	150	180
Russian	550	275	280	0	0	0	1,575	795	785
Rusyn	10	5	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0	0	0	465	235	230
Bosnian	30	15	15	0	0	0	85	40	45
Croatian	45	20	25	0	0	0	120	60	60
Serbian	60	30	30	0	0	0	255	135	120
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	10
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ukrainian	325	170	160	0	0	0	1,700	870	830
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	170	75	90	0	0	0	9,335	4,615	4,715
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
High German languages	90	35	55	0	0	0	7,845	3,845	4,000
German	90	35	55	0	0	0	7,820	3,835	3,990
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0	0	0	1,455	755	695
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0	0	0	875	465	415
Dutch	5	5	0	0	0	0	110	60	55
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	90	95
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	235	110	125	0	0	0	370	170	200
Indo-Iranian languages	9,745	5,185	4,560	65	35	30	22,590	11,955	10,635
Indo-Aryan languages	9,190	4,915	4,280	60	35	25	20,940	11,115	9,825
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	965	505	465	25	15	10	2,700	1,415	1,290
Gujarati	1,990	1,100	885	10	10	5	3,975	2,205	1,775
Hindi	840	480	360	15	10	10	1,670	950	715
Kacchi	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5
Marathi	30	15	20	0	0	0	95	45	50
Nepali	270	135	135	0	0	0	540	285	255
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	10	5
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,245	1,745	1,505	5	0	5	6,955	3,665	3,285
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	45
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0	0	0	150	70	80
Urdu	1,735	870	860	0	0	0	4,645	2,370	2,275
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0	0	0	85	45	35
Iranian languages	550	270	275	5	0	5	1,640	835	805
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Kurdish	35	15	20	0	0	0	100	50	50
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	115	60	50	0	0	0	315	170	145
Persian languages	395	195	200	5	0	5	1,160	580	580
Dari	120	65	55	0	0	0	215	110	100
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	5	0	5	835	420	415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0	110	55	55
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Italic (Romance) languages	830	400	430	10	5	5	3,545	1,770	1,770
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	60	25	30	0	0	0	125	55	65
Portuguese	70	35	35	0	0	0	415	200	210
Romanian	65	30	30	0	0	0	310	155	155
Spanish	635	305	325	10	5	5	2,685	1,350	1,335
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	40	10	25	0	0	0	90	30	60
Korean	375	165	210	0	0	0	1,250	625	630
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	240	5	0	0	1,130	550	580
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0	0	0	75	40	40
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5
Éwé	0	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ganda	15	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	10
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	50	25	25	0	0	0	95	50	45
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0	0	0	70	40	30
Lingala	5	5	5	0	0	0	30	15	15
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0	0	0	115	50	60
Shona	15	10	10	0	0	0	35	15	15
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Swahili	95	50	50	0	0	0	240	125	110
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10
Yoruba	105	45	60	0	0	0	300	135	160
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	85	40	45
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0	0	0	225	120	110
Dinka	40	20	20	0	0	0	85	45	40
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	115	60	60
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	5
Sign languages	70	40	25	0	0	0	355	205	145
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0	0	0	250	150	105
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	100	60	40
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,855	1,905	1,955	5	5	5	11,010	5,445	5,565
Chinese languages	3,445	1,695	1,750	5	5	5	10,220	5,040	5,180
Hakka	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	10	5
Mandarin	2,560	1,275	1,285	0	0	0	7,415	3,695	3,715
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0	0	0	55	25	30
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0	0	0	50	25	25
Yue (Cantonese)	790	375	410	10	5	5	2,490	1,190	1,295
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0	200	95	100
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0	0	0	780	400	380
Burmese	20	10	10	0	0	0	95	50	45
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0	0	0	25	20	10
Karenic languages	335	170	160	0	0	0	615	310	300
S'gaw Karen	280	140	135	0	0	0	530	270	260
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0	0	0	80	45	40
Tibetan	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	35	15	20
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0	0	0	160	75	90
Lao	60	30	30	0	0	0	125	60	65
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0	0	0	220	110	110
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0	0	0	25	10	15
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	65	35	35	0	0	0	180	95	85
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	175	90	85
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Hungarian	45	25	20	0	0	0	155	80	75
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Multiple responses	9,095	4,600	4,495	65	40	30	31,360	15,460	15,900
English and French	325	160	160	0	0	0	1,325	615	715
English and non-official language(s)	8,445	4,285	4,160	65	35	25	29,060	14,370	14,695
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0	0	0	130	60	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0	0	0	250	130	120
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	5	0	0	590	285	305
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	223,810	110,275	113,535	625	360	265	1,116,045	555,220	560,825
None	193,760	95,265	98,495	450	260	195	1,008,760	502,475	506,285
English	11,190	5,645	5,545	65	35	25	39,070	19,635	19,435
French	1,745	810	930	5	5	0	6,395	2,935	3,455
Non-official language	12,130	5,975	6,155	70	35	30	48,520	23,370	25,145
Indigenous³⁹	395	145	245	0	0	0	10,735	4,980	5,755
Non-Indigenous	11,730	5,825	5,905	70	35	30	37,785	18,390	19,395
English and French	120	60	60	0	0	0	345	180	170
English and non-official language(s)	2,735	1,445	1,290	25	15	10	6,935	3,595	3,345
French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0	0	0	1,155	515	640
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0	0	0	65	40	30
Multiple non-official languages	1,705	880	825	15	10	10	4,795	2,475	2,320
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Official languages	220,175	108,690	111,480	680	395	280	1,095,170	545,875	549,300
English	220,040	108,625	111,415	680	395	280	1,094,790	545,650	549,135
French	13,815	6,470	7,345	0	0	0	52,065	23,725	28,335
Non-official languages	56,270	28,045	28,225	235	140	90	209,395	103,350	106,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	440	565	0	0	0	35,075	16,800	18,280
Algonquian languages	870	395	475	0	0	0	25,960	12,535	13,430
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	745	340	410	0	0	0	24,850	11,960	12,895
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	745	340	410	0	0	0	24,850	11,960	12,895
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	75
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0	0	0	855	440	415
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	330	145	185	0	0	0	6,450	3,070	3,375
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,365	1,125	1,235
Cree, n.o.s.	375	185	190	0	0	0	15,355	7,415	7,945
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	85	0	0	0	1,330	685	640
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Ojibway languages	175	90	85	0	0	0	1,275	665	610
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	70	0	0	0	1,120	575	550
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	145	90	55
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	8,085	3,795	4,295
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	8,080	3,795	4,285
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0	8,080	3,795	4,285
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0	0	0	60	20	45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	30	15	15	0	0	0	855	395	460
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0	0	0	725	365	360
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0	0	0	185	110	80
Dakota	40	25	20	0	0	0	395	185	215
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0	0	0	140	70	70
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	20
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Non-Indigenous languages	55,310	27,620	27,690	235	140	90	174,635	86,680	87,955
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,400	2,235	2,170	0	0	0	11,165	5,770	5,395
Berber languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0	0	0	265	125	145
Hausa	85	30	60	0	0	0	245	105	140
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	0
Coptic	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Cushitic languages	850	415	430	0	0	0	1,415	720	695
Bilen	135	75	60	0	0	0	165	95	70
Oromo	55	15	40	0	0	0	180	85	90
Somali	615	300	315	0	0	0	900	450	455
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0	0	0	165	95	75
Semitic languages	3,665	1,880	1,785	0	0	0	9,850	5,120	4,735
Amharic	355	175	180	0	0	0	855	440	415
Arabic	2,685	1,410	1,280	0	0	0	7,265	3,825	3,445
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0	0	0	1,200	565	630
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	280	325
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	255	285
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0	130	70	65
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	290	165	125	0	0	0	470	250	215
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0	0	0	1,365	710	660
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	160	90	75
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,135	1,030	1,110	0	0	0	4,625	2,275	2,355
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0	0	0	170	100	70
Vietnamese	2,055	980	1,075	0	0	0	4,440	2,165	2,280
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Austronesian languages	10,005	4,785	5,215	65	40	20	37,460	17,730	19,730
Bikol	120	50	75	0	0	0	305	130	175
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	130	0	0	0	915	430	485
Cebuano	605	285	325	0	0	0	2,180	1,010	1,175
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	55	35
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0	0	0	605	270	335
Ilocano	1,055	490	565	0	0	0	2,500	1,175	1,320
Indonesian	30	10	25	0	0	0	215	85	135
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0	0	0	205	90	120
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	35
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Malay	60	45	15	0	0	0	105	65	35
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	80	0	0	0	485	250	235
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0	0	0	95	50	50
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,730	4,640	5,090	65	40	20	36,125	17,020	19,110
Waray-Waray	90	55	35	0	0	0	245	120	130
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	330	175	160	0	0	0	1,155	545	615
Creole languages	365	185	185	0	0	0	950	480	470
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0	0	0	45	25	20
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0	0	0	130	70	60
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Morisyen	80	35	40	0	0	0	385	195	190
Sango	25	10	15	0	0	0	45	25	20
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0	0	0	205	80	125
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0	0	0	150	70	80
Dravidian languages	1,650	850	795	0	0	0	4,190	2,210	1,980
Kannada	80	35	40	0	0	0	225	110	110
Malayalam	900	465	440	0	0	0	2,515	1,335	1,180
Tamil	440	255	185	0	0	0	1,120	625	495
Telugu	400	215	185	0	0	0	845	445	400
Tulu	15	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	27,325	13,960	13,365	160	85	70	89,555	45,335	44,220
Albanian	260	150	110	0	0	0	380	220	160
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	55
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,700	1,915	0	0	0	17,185	7,985	9,200
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	195	85	105
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0	90	40	55
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0	0	0	95	45	50
Slavic languages	3,575	1,680	1,900	0	0	0	17,095	7,945	9,145
Belarusian	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0	0	0	100	50	40
Czech	50	20	25	0	0	0	190	90	105
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	50	40
Polish	365	175	195	0	0	0	1,745	800	945
Russian	1,610	785	825	0	0	0	5,305	2,590	2,715
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150
Serbo-Croatian	585	290	295	0	0	0	1,705	865	835
Bosnian	165	85	80	0	0	0	400	195	200
Croatian	290	150	135	0	0	0	745	405	340
Serbian	260	125	135	0	0	0	965	495	470
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0	65	35	30
Slovak	50	20	25	0	0	0	135	60	70
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0	0	0	135	60	70
Ukrainian	1,665	750	915	0	0	0	10,795	4,935	5,855
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0	185	105	80
Irish	10	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	30
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0	0	0	50	35	10
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	15
Germanic languages	2,405	1,225	1,185	0	0	0	18,455	9,290	9,165
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	25	0
High German languages	1,770	870	895	0	0	0	11,940	5,995	5,945
German	1,740	860	880	0	0	0	11,815	5,935	5,880
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	80
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	285	195	0	0	0	6,140	3,205	2,935
Afrikaans	200	130	70	0	0	0	2,175	1,185	990
Dutch	250	140	110	0	0	0	1,285	680	605
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	275	315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0	0	0	2,015	1,025	980
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0	0	0	90	50	40
Scandinavian languages	180	85	95	0	0	0	955	395	560
Danish	35	20	15	0	0	0	255	135	125
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	75	30	45	0	0	0	485	175	305
Swedish	70	35	35	0	0	0	235	100	135
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Greek	755	390	365	0	0	0	1,430	730	705
Indo-Iranian languages	17,290	9,110	8,180	135	80	50	39,895	21,385	18,505
Indo-Aryan languages	16,400	8,620	7,780	120	70	50	37,480	20,070	17,410
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bengali	1,820	915	910	25	10	15	4,490	2,350	2,140
Gujarati	3,340	1,860	1,485	20	15	10	6,965	3,985	2,985
Hindi	7,705	4,100	3,610	100	55	45	15,740	8,600	7,140
Kacchi	30	15	15	0	0	0	50	25	25
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0	0	0	55	35	25
Konkani	30	20	10	0	0	0	60	35	30
Marathi	260	130	130	15	0	0	520	270	255
Nepali	390	205	185	0	0	0	1,040	550	490
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	60	30	30
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	40	15	25
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,940	3,155	2,785	25	20	0	13,310	7,110	6,200
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0	0	0	250	135	120
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0	0	0	405	180	225
Urdu	3,945	2,035	1,910	0	0	0	10,540	5,470	5,070
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0	0	0	345	205	140
Iranian languages	1,080	590	490	0	0	0	3,025	1,640	1,390
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	100	65
Kurdish	100	40	60	0	0	0	225	110	115
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Pashto	260	145	120	0	0	0	745	415	330
Persian languages	765	425	340	0	0	0	2,045	1,095	950
Dari	355	185	170	0	0	0	610	335	285
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0	0	0	1,340	710	625
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	50
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0	0	0	55	40	15
Italic (Romance) languages	3,635	1,740	1,895	25	10	15	14,285	6,885	7,400
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	575	235	340	0	0	0	1,400	670	730
Portuguese	350	175	175	0	0	0	1,320	655	670
Romanian	190	115	75	0	0	0	915	450	465
Spanish	2,670	1,285	1,390	15	10	10	11,185	5,395	5,785
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	90	40	45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	35	20	15
Japanese	400	175	230	0	0	0	1,170	585	585
Korean	630	300	330	0	0	0	1,870	900	970
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40
Niger-Congo languages	3,110	1,590	1,515	0	0	0	7,440	3,945	3,495
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0	0	0	515	255	260
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	65	40	25	0	0	0	90	60	30
Éwé	35	25	15	0	0	0	100	40	60
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Ga	75	55	25	0	0	0	135	75	60
Ganda	45	25	20	0	0	0	100	40	60
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	15	10
Igbo	530	285	240	0	0	0	1,200	630	570
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0	0	0	320	170	150
Lingala	45	30	20	0	0	0	180	100	75
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0	40	15	25
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Mwani	15	10	0	0	0	0	70	45	20
Ndebele	25	15	10	0	0	0	80	40	35
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0	0	0	310	180	130
Shona	30	10	15	0	0	0	155	75	80
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	70	40	35
Swahili	460	235	225	0	0	0	1,165	665	500
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Wolof	25	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	20
Yoruba	1,280	645	635	0	0	0	2,865	1,520	1,345
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	0	0	0	990	545	445
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0	0	0	615	305	305
Dinka	55	25	30	0	0	0	180	85	100
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	30
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0	0	0	375	200	175
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0	100	55	45
Sign languages	305	180	125	0	0	0	1,450	645	815
American Sign Language	250	135	120	0	0	0	1,135	505	625
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	50	0	0	0	0	370	160	210
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,055	2,965	3,090	0	0	0	17,055	8,335	8,725
Chinese languages	5,315	2,630	2,685	0	0	0	15,625	7,620	8,005
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	0	45	20	30
Mandarin	4,130	2,050	2,080	0	0	0	11,590	5,640	5,955
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0	0	0	275	135	140
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0	0	0	60	40	15
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	760	815	0	0	0	5,120	2,465	2,660
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0	0	0	360	185	175
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	685	305	380	0	0	0	1,370	690	685
Burmese	140	60	80	0	0	0	355	185	170
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0	0	0	30	25	10
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0	0	0	1,020	490	530
S'gaw Karen	455	210	250	0	0	0	890	430	460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0	0	0	125	60	70
Tibetan	10	0	10	0	0	0	35	15	20
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0	0	0	100	30	70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0	0	0	85	45	40
Tai-Kadai languages	245	120	125	0	0	0	590	280	310
Lao	185	105	80	0	0	0	360	200	160
Thai	95	30	65	0	0	0	290	115	170
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0	0	0	700	360	340
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0	0	0	85	55	40
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	15	35
Turkish	170	80	90	0	0	0	565	295	270
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	0	30
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Uralic languages	315	150	165	0	0	0	1,240	595	645
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0	180	90	90
Hungarian	305	145	160	0	0	0	1,055	500	560
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0	0	0	125	65	65
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,290	11,030	12,260	80	45	30	187,885	91,375	96,515
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,710	10,755	11,955	80	45	30	184,435	89,725	94,705
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,040	6,565	7,470	55	35	25	121,175	58,665	62,505
Métis	8,535	4,140	4,395	20	20	0	62,800	30,860	31,940
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	90	0	0	0	460	200	260
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	370	170	205	0	0	0	2,030	985	1,045
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0	0	0	1,425	665	765
Non-Indigenous identity	199,790	98,950	100,840	615	360	260	915,310	458,120	457,195
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,680	5,905	6,780	45	25	15	115,055	55,385	59,670
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	210,395	104,070	106,320	650	380	270	988,145	494,110	494,035
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
Owner	61,220	...	...	85	...	...	317,655	...	...
Renter	30,915	...	...	305	...	...	118,590	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,335	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
Condominium	14,130	...	...	70	...	...	49,490	...	...
Not condominium	78,000	...	...	320	...	...	400,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0	...	...	1,945	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...	225	...	...	41,900	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,810	...	...	125	...	...	103,860	...	...
3 bedrooms	30,900	...	...	10	...	...	150,360	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,105	...	...	15	...	...	151,520	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,460	...	...	340	...	...	105,050	...	...
5 rooms	14,260	...	...	15	...	...	70,620	...	...
6 rooms	12,625	...	...	0	...	...	66,100	...	...
7 rooms	11,565	...	...	0	...	...	59,535	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,220	...	...	15	...	...	148,270	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
One person or fewer per room	89,080	...	...	335	...	...	438,000	...	...
More than one person per room	3,050	...	...	55	...	...	11,580	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
Suitable	86,520	...	...	335	...	...	426,835	...	...
Not suitable	5,610	...	...	55	...	...	22,745	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
1960 or before	18,285	...	...	105	...	...	95,405	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,850	...	...	115	...	...	147,720	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,435	...	...	75	...	...	61,990	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,825	...	...	10	...	...	35,005	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,955	...	...	20	...	...	18,130	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,265	...	...	50	...	...	27,525	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,045	...	...	10	...	...	37,840	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,475	...	...	0	...	...	25,970	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	85,405	...	...	350	...	...	414,215	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,725	...	...	40	...	...	35,365	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,865	...	...	275	...	...	235,175	...	...
Two-maintainer household	41,225	...	...	100	...	...	198,995	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,035	...	...	15	...	...	15,415	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,770	...	...	35	...	...	17,560	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,385	...	...	75	...	...	68,760	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,035	...	...	90	...	...	82,625	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,265	...	...	70	...	...	72,290	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,545	...	...	95	...	...	85,955	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,405	...	...	0	...	...	69,235	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,640	...	...	10	...	...	37,545	...	...
85 years and over	3,085	...	...	10	...	...	15,605	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	91,685	...	...	385	...	...	414,315	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	73,980	...	...	305	...	...	342,875	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,705	...	...	80	...	...	71,445	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,160	...	...	65	...	...	65,430	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	92,130	...	...	390	...	...	449,585	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,315	...	...	150	...	...	118,475	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,445	...	...	65	...	...	63,870	...	...
Not suitable only	4,400	...	...	35	...	...	16,865	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,835	...	...	25	...	...	26,900	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	745	...	...	10	...	...	2,370	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	...	...	0	...	...	4,960	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0	...	...	3,270	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0	...	...	245	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,810	...	...	240	...	...	331,105	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	90,135	...	...	370	...	...	408,300	...	...
In core need	9,285	...	...	40	...	...	41,895	...	...
Not in core need	80,850	...	...	330	...	...	366,405	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,210	...	...	85	...	...	298,500	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	58.8	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,020	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,100	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,600	...	...	168,000	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,910	...	...	300	...	...	117,545	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	23.3	...	...	17.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	25.0	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	14.0	...	...	22.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,020	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,214	...	...	990	...	...	1,095	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	13,335	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	223,075	109,975	113,100	690	405	290	1,103,200	549,490	553,710
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,405	5,765	6,640	30	20	10	122,375	59,605	62,765
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,905	5,555	6,350	30	20	10	118,965	57,970	60,995
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,865	4,575	5,290	25	15	10	101,725	49,415	52,315
Métis single ancestry	1,985	965	1,015	0	0	0	17,055	8,495	8,555
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0	0	0	185	60	125
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	500	215	290	0	0	0	3,410	1,630	1,775
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	485	200	290	0	0	0	3,335	1,580	1,750
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	30	25	10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,575	5,595	5,975	25	20	10	68,675	33,265	35,410
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,995	5,355	5,645	25	20	10	64,995	31,500	33,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,020	2,945	3,075	15	15	0	32,635	15,920	16,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,895	2,375	2,520	0	0	0	32,070	15,450	16,615
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0	0	0	290	135	160
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	575	245	335	0	0	0	3,680	1,770	1,915
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	225	305	0	0	0	3,515	1,705	1,810
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0	0	0	115	45	75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	25
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	199,095	98,615	100,480	640	370	270	912,150	456,620	455,530
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	405	290	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	195,205	95,795	99,410	465	280	190	1,021,630	508,035	513,595
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,050	22,905	22,140	60	30	30	246,480	126,430	120,055
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	150,155	72,885	77,270	410	250	160	775,150	381,610	393,540
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,865	14,180	13,685	225	125	95	81,575	41,455	40,115
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	405	290	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	171,745	84,035	87,715	410	250	160	949,755	472,745	477,005
Immigrants⁸¹	45,210	22,500	22,710	190	100	85	137,620	67,895	69,725
Before 1980	3,820	1,890	1,930	15	0	10	12,780	6,020	6,760
1980 to 1990	1,880	945	930	0	0	0	5,945	2,955	2,990
1991 to 2000	2,670	1,240	1,430	0	0	0	8,390	3,910	4,480
2001 to 2010	9,090	4,415	4,670	30	15	20	29,370	14,480	14,895
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,750	14,005	13,750	135	80	55	81,135	40,535	40,605
2011 to 2015	12,835	6,605	6,235	40	30	0	38,020	19,065	18,955
2016 to 2021	14,915	7,405	7,510	95	50	50	43,120	21,470	21,645
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,115	3,440	2,670	100	55	45	15,830	8,850	6,980
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,210	22,500	22,710	185	100	85	137,620	67,895	69,720
Under 5 years	4,335	2,280	2,055	20	0	10	13,370	6,890	6,480
5 to 14 years	8,155	4,400	3,755	20	10	10	26,755	14,085	12,680
15 to 24 years	7,195	3,230	3,965	10	10	0	20,460	9,465	10,995
25 to 44 years	21,815	10,655	11,160	120	65	55	64,955	31,330	33,625
45 years and over	3,705	1,930	1,780	20	15	0	12,070	6,130	5,945
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,210	22,500	22,710	185	100	85	137,620	67,895	69,720
Americas	3,275	1,565	1,705	30	10	15	12,580	5,910	6,675
Brazil	100	55	50	0	0	0	380	150	230
Colombia	110	70	40	0	0	0	665	315	350
El Salvador	160	80	85	0	0	0	620	280	345
Guyana	75	35	35	0	0	0	165	65	95
Haiti	20	15	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Jamaica	675	315	355	0	0	0	1,360	660	700
Mexico	320	170	150	0	0	0	1,720	870	850
Peru	30	10	25	0	0	0	160	45	120
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0	0	0	200	65	135
United States of America	1,160	500	665	0	0	0	5,215	2,375	2,835
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	240	15	0	10	2,030	1,040	995
Europe	5,675	2,870	2,800	0	0	0	21,710	10,705	11,010
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	95	95	0	0	0	500	250	250
Croatia	220	120	100	0	0	0	415	245	170
France	115	45	70	0	0	0	310	115	190
Germany	440	200	235	0	0	0	2,100	980	1,115
Greece	265	160	100	0	0	0	500	290	210
Hungary	130	65	65	0	0	0	325	175	145
Italy	290	140	150	0	0	0	585	300	280
Netherlands	200	135	65	0	0	0	965	560	400
Poland	215	95	125	0	0	0	1,080	455	625
Portugal	35	15	25	0	0	0	200	95	110
Romania	180	90	85	0	0	0	660	330	335
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0	0	0	650	270	385
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0	0	0	530	250	285
Ukraine	885	405	475	0	0	0	3,165	1,505	1,665
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	705	675	0	0	0	6,785	3,420	3,365
Other places of birth in Europe	835	455	375	0	0	0	2,940	1,455	1,490
Africa	6,275	3,265	3,010	0	0	0	16,080	8,440	7,640
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	15	10
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	110	110	0	0	0	665	335	330
Egypt	345	175	170	0	0	0	805	415	385
Eritrea	425	220	205	0	0	0	1,025	535	490
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0	0	0	775	380	400
Morocco	35	20	10	0	0	0	190	110	80
Nigeria	2,230	1,165	1,065	0	0	0	5,030	2,620	2,410
Somalia	345	165	180	0	0	0	485	240	250
South Africa, Republic of	325	190	140	0	0	0	2,075	1,070	1,005
Other places of birth in Africa	2,020	1,085	930	0	0	0	5,010	2,720	2,290
Asia	29,845	14,735	15,110	155	85	70	86,515	42,500	44,015
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0	0	0	465	230	235
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0	0	0	1,040	570	470
Iraq	195	95	90	0	0	0	1,440	740	700
Lebanon	75	55	15	0	0	0	220	155	60
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	0	0	0	1,405	665	740
Turkey	90	45	50	0	0	0	280	145	135
China⁹⁰	2,905	1,360	1,550	0	0	0	8,650	4,065	4,585
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0	0	0	840	415	420
Korea, South⁹²	395	185	210	0	0	0	1,110	560	550
Taiwan	55	25	25	0	0	0	175	80	95
Philippines	9,835	4,720	5,120	55	30	25	35,960	17,025	18,930
Viet Nam	1,410	640	775	0	0	0	3,245	1,555	1,690
Bangladesh	1,240	665	580	0	0	0	3,235	1,720	1,515
India	7,380	3,820	3,560	65	30	35	15,660	8,165	7,495
Pakistan	2,640	1,335	1,305	0	0	0	7,110	3,630	3,480
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0	0	0	435	220	215
Other places of birth in Asia	2,155	1,070	1,085	0	0	0	5,245	2,555	2,695
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	55	85	0	0	0	725	350	380
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,915	7,405	7,510	95	50	45	43,115	21,470	21,650
Americas	800	405	390	0	0	0	2,830	1,420	1,410
Brazil	50	30	20	0	0	0	170	95	75
Colombia	15	10	0	0	0	0	90	40	50
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	240	135	110	0	0	0	560	295	265
Mexico	100	50	45	0	0	0	560	315	250
United States of America	265	110	155	0	0	0	990	465	520
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0	0	0	70	20	45
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0	0	0	385	190	195
Europe	770	450	315	0	0	0	2,695	1,435	1,260
France	25	15	10	0	0	0	65	30	30
Germany	30	0	20	0	0	0	100	40	60
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0	0	0	180	110	70
Italy	10	10	0	0	0	0	50	30	15
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0	0	0	100	35	65
Ukraine	160	75	85	0	0	0	755	340	415
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	55	0	0	0	590	385	200
Other places of birth in Europe	295	185	105	0	0	0	855	465	395
Africa	2,760	1,430	1,330	0	0	0	7,520	3,960	3,560
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burundi	10	0	10	0	0	0	90	50	35
Cameroon	25	10	20	0	0	0	50	20	35
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0	0	0	290	150	140
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	20	10
Egypt	165	80	85	0	0	0	390	195	195
Eritrea	215	105	110	0	0	0	595	310	285
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0	0	0	315	175	140
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0	85	45	40
Nigeria	1,410	760	650	0	0	0	3,305	1,765	1,545
Somalia	75	35	40	0	0	0	130	60	70
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0	0	0	775	390	385
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0	0	0	300	155	140
Tunisia	20	15	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	0	0	0	1,110	585	525
Asia	10,565	5,110	5,450	95	50	45	29,880	14,550	15,325
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0	0	0	140	50	85
Bangladesh	490	245	250	0	0	0	1,220	615	610
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	0	0	0	3,690	1,775	1,910
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0	0	0	140	75	65
India	3,970	1,970	2,000	55	25	30	7,940	4,055	3,885
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0	0	0	335	180	155
Iraq	45	20	25	0	0	0	305	155	150
Israel	20	10	10	0	0	0	50	20	25
Japan	15	0	20	0	0	0	40	15	30
Jordan	60	35	30	0	0	0	105	50	55
Korea, South⁹²	85	30	50	0	0	0	275	135	140
Lebanon	40	30	10	0	0	0	75	60	20
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	50
Pakistan	785	400	385	0	0	0	1,685	820	860
Philippines	2,320	1,085	1,235	0	0	0	10,460	4,875	5,585
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0	0	0	285	125	160
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	35
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	0	0	0	1,245	600	645
Turkey	35	15	20	0	0	0	75	30	40
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0	0	0	195	90	105
Viet Nam	320	130	190	0	0	0	865	440	420
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	0	0	0	550	260	290
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0	0	0	195	100	95
Australia	10	0	10	0	0	0	95	40	50
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	40
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
First generation¹⁰⁰	52,445	26,425	26,015	290	155	130	158,540	79,230	79,310
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,220	14,020	15,205	90	55	35	121,675	59,265	62,410
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,410	69,530	71,880	315	195	115	822,985	411,000	411,980
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,390	20,605	20,780	170	100	75	124,835	61,875	62,960
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,700	14,780	13,920	125	80	50	88,545	45,370	43,185
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,780	7,470	4,305	65	20	40	34,820	22,465	12,355
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,925	7,310	9,615	65	50	15	53,725	22,900	30,825
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,330	3,050	4,280	50	20	25	21,620	8,700	12,920
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,280	2,740	2,540	0	0	0	14,405	7,675	6,725
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0	0	0	265	135	130
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,390	20,605	20,780	170	100	75	124,835	61,875	62,960
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	315	235	0	0	0	1,885	1,155	735
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,905	2,655	2,250	25	0	15	20,335	10,710	9,620
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,255	680	580	0	0	0	4,170	2,185	1,985
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,605	2,150	1,450	10	0	0	7,770	4,580	3,190
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	180	80	95	0	0	0	600	230	370
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,895	14,730	16,170	135	85	50	90,090	43,025	47,065
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	1,103,200	549,495	553,710
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	57,340	28,975	28,370	350	195	155	159,365	80,495	78,870
South Asian	19,200	10,035	9,165	155	85	65	44,720	23,875	20,845
Chinese	5,880	2,970	2,915	0	0	0	18,010	8,850	9,155
Black	9,820	5,040	4,785	10	10	0	22,570	11,715	10,855
Filipino	11,995	5,750	6,240	100	60	40	43,755	21,015	22,745
Arab	1,995	1,040	960	0	0	0	5,575	2,920	2,655
Latin American	1,410	690	720	25	15	10	5,680	2,740	2,945
Southeast Asian	3,530	1,735	1,800	0	0	0	8,540	4,265	4,275
West Asian	925	495	430	0	0	0	2,830	1,445	1,380
Korean	605	275	330	0	0	0	1,850	885	955
Japanese	275	120	155	0	0	0	830	360	475
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	175	210	0	0	0	1,275	565	715
Multiple visible minorities	1,320	655	660	0	0	0	3,725	1,845	1,875
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	165,730	81,000	84,730	340	215	130	943,840	469,000	474,835
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	223,075	109,975	113,095	695	410	285	1,103,200	549,495	553,705
Canadian	18,775	9,460	9,325	70	45	25	107,095	54,965	52,130
English	41,185	20,070	21,115	65	35	25	219,665	107,240	112,420
Irish	29,090	13,795	15,295	40	20	30	145,415	69,495	75,920
Scottish	34,185	16,635	17,550	60	40	20	175,590	85,595	89,995
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,565	9,015	9,550	45	35	15	108,355	52,690	55,665
German	55,470	26,925	28,545	70	35	35	272,475	134,060	138,420
Chinese	6,350	3,160	3,190	0	0	0	19,965	9,660	10,305
Italian	3,005	1,445	1,560	0	0	0	10,830	5,335	5,500
Indian (India)	9,420	4,985	4,430	125	60	65	20,755	11,165	9,590
Ukrainian	25,760	12,385	13,370	40	10	25	138,705	67,645	71,060
Dutch	4,735	2,275	2,460	0	0	0	29,410	14,540	14,870
Polish	11,270	5,345	5,925	25	15	0	55,605	26,820	28,780
Québécois	175	80	95	0	0	0	705	355	345
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,060	2,530	2,535	10	0	0	21,650	10,960	10,690
Filipino	10,810	5,215	5,600	100	60	45	40,160	19,305	20,860
French Canadian	1,015	540	470	0	0	0	5,465	2,695	2,765
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,960	1,580	1,385	10	0	10	13,375	7,020	6,360
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,090	3,890	4,205	15	10	0	50,770	24,635	26,135
Métis	7,915	3,775	4,140	15	10	0	56,060	27,275	28,785
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,295	1,195	1,100	0	0	0	11,985	6,340	5,645
Russian	6,060	2,930	3,130	15	10	0	35,920	17,415	18,505
Norwegian	9,695	4,615	5,085	0	0	0	70,215	33,925	36,285
Welsh	3,695	1,815	1,880	0	0	0	17,605	8,415	9,190
Portuguese	440	220	220	0	0	0	1,760	830	930
American	2,240	1,165	1,075	10	0	0	12,675	6,435	6,235
Spanish	1,605	690	915	0	0	0	5,670	2,555	3,115
Swedish	5,075	2,390	2,685	20	15	0	31,965	15,285	16,675
Hungarian	8,225	4,050	4,170	15	15	0	28,495	14,095	14,400
Acadian	150	80	75	0	0	0	935	485	450
Pakistani	2,905	1,480	1,425	0	0	0	7,640	3,995	3,645
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,725	905	820	0	0	0	4,065	2,110	1,950
Jewish	750	400	355	0	0	0	2,420	1,230	1,190
Punjabi	1,880	990	890	0	0	0	4,115	2,215	1,905
Vietnamese	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0	4,730	2,340	2,390
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	995	530	465	0	0	0	2,155	1,185	970
Greek	1,275	680	590	0	0	0	3,075	1,530	1,540
Jamaican	965	440	525	0	0	0	2,225	1,080	1,150
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,075	0	0	0	5,860	2,875	2,985
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,185	1,935	2,250	0	0	0	46,340	22,465	23,875
Korean	615	285	325	0	0	0	1,950	945	1,010
Romanian	4,560	2,215	2,345	0	0	0	12,415	5,995	6,415
Lebanese	295	150	150	0	0	0	1,240	690	550
Iranian	410	230	180	0	0	0	1,315	700	610
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	290	255	0	0	0	3,145	1,625	1,520
Danish	2,060	955	1,105	0	0	0	10,585	5,110	5,480
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,060	940	1,120	20	15	0	12,300	5,895	6,405
Sikh	1,170	645	530	0	0	0	2,530	1,340	1,195
Austrian	5,890	2,860	3,030	0	0	0	17,690	8,785	8,900
Belgian	1,595	825	770	0	0	0	9,340	4,790	4,550
Haitian	50	35	15	0	0	0	170	100	75
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0	0	0	3,220	1,785	1,435
Mexican	570	300	275	0	0	0	2,620	1,300	1,320
Mennonite	745	365	380	0	0	0	11,150	5,560	5,590
Swiss	780	400	375	10	0	10	4,555	2,255	2,295
Finnish	820	375	450	0	0	0	5,180	2,435	2,745
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0	0	0	465	220	250
Croatian	620	320	300	0	0	0	2,460	1,295	1,170
Japanese	365	145	215	0	0	0	1,295	590	710
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0	0	0	1,195	610	585
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	80	0	0	0	680	310	370
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,180	625	555	0	0	0	6,025	3,180	2,845
Muslim	620	330	285	0	0	0	1,780	955	825
Egyptian	400	215	185	0	0	0	995	505	490
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0	0	0	860	425	435
Tamil	120	65	50	0	0	0	285	145	135
Icelandic	1,290	545	745	0	0	0	8,345	3,915	4,425
Colombian	160	80	80	0	0	0	735	350	385
Moroccan	40	25	10	0	0	0	220	125	95
Czech	1,035	500	530	0	0	0	5,290	2,545	2,740
Syrian	475	200	270	0	0	0	1,140	540	605
Guyanese	125	45	75	0	0	0	325	130	195
Afghan	460	240	225	0	0	0	890	465	425
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	95	110	0	0	0	730	385	345
Serbian	460	220	245	0	0	0	1,325	675	645
Ojibway	425	185	240	0	0	0	2,060	1,000	1,055
Newfoundlander	80	45	40	0	0	0	555	295	260
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0	0	0	350	175	180
Ontarian	90	40	50	0	0	0	425	205	220
Persian	170	100	70	0	0	0	510	290	220
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0	0	0	385	185	200
Turkish	225	120	105	0	0	0	695	375	320
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	70	125	0	0	0	690	300	390
Bangladeshi	1,235	635	600	0	0	0	3,230	1,740	1,490
Algerian	30	10	20	0	0	0	45	15	25
Brazilian	200	105	100	0	0	0	755	345	410
Nigerian	1,430	775	655	0	0	0	2,845	1,495	1,350
Armenian	55	25	35	0	0	0	270	110	160
Slovak	345	210	135	0	0	0	1,525	805	720
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	175	225	0	0	0	1,605	755	845
Somali	665	290	375	0	0	0	870	400	475
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0	0	0	250	125	125
Iraqi	165	85	75	0	0	0	1,250	635	615
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0	0	0	735	330	405
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0	0	0	315	165	150
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0	0	0	1,285	645	645
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0	0	0	645	315	335
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0	0	0	275	150	125
Algonquin	35	20	15	0	0	0	320	150	170
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0	0	0	140	80	60
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0	0	0	895	445	460
South African	270	160	110	0	0	0	1,895	975	920
Australian	240	125	115	0	0	0	980	520	455
Palestinian	55	25	30	0	0	0	120	55	65
Chilean	300	185	115	0	0	0	1,035	535	500
Congolese	135	85	50	0	0	0	640	360	285
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0	0	0	200	110	90
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0	0	0	690	330	360
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0	0	0	505	285	220
Peruvian	55	15	45	0	0	0	260	105	155
Yoruba	1,145	595	550	0	0	0	2,725	1,430	1,295
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0	0	0	310	160	155
Berber	15	0	10	0	0	0	60	30	30
Albanian	195	115	80	0	0	0	405	210	185
Maltese	70	40	20	0	0	0	215	115	95
Macedonian	20	0	15	0	0	0	95	45	50
Slovenian	155	65	90	0	0	0	490	225	265
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	100	80	0	0	0	615	320	290
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0	0	0	150	60	90
Gujarati	485	240	240	0	0	0	1,065	625	450
Eritrean	640	340	305	0	0	0	1,235	650	585
African Canadian	140	80	65	0	0	0	315	170	145
Israeli	90	45	50	0	0	0	175	95	80
Mohawk	40	25	20	0	0	0	365	170	190
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	450	190	260	0	0	0	2,210	990	1,220
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0	0	0	265	145	120
Albertan	25	10	20	0	0	0	270	125	140
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0	0	0	555	265	295
Barbadian	90	50	40	0	0	0	195	95	100
African American	250	130	125	0	0	0	840	455	390
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	65	105	0	0	0	745	325	430
Tunisian	30	20	10	0	0	0	65	40	25
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	45	70	0	0	0	580	295	285
Cuban	30	20	15	0	0	0	210	105	105
Bosnian	220	105	115	0	0	0	535	240	290
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0	0	0	160	80	80
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Latvian	95	50	45	0	0	0	400	180	220
Bengali	450	225	225	0	0	0	895	445	450
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0	0	0	230	100	130
Guatemalan	35	20	10	0	0	0	295	160	135
Indonesian	80	20	55	0	0	0	355	165	185
Laotian	340	195	150	0	0	0	660	355	305
Ilocano	405	205	200	0	0	0	1,105	595	510
Northern Irish	100	55	45	0	0	0	405	220	185
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0	0	0	435	255	180
British Columbian	35	15	20	0	0	0	155	85	70
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0	0	0	225	115	110
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Argentinian	20	15	10	0	0	0	130	60	75
Estonian	65	20	50	0	0	0	285	130	150
Kurdish	80	35	45	0	0	0	155	65	85
Fijian	60	30	30	0	0	0	150	75	75
Jatt	110	60	40	0	0	0	290	145	145
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0	0	0	325	170	160
Coptic	55	35	20	0	0	0	80	40	45
Thai	185	80	105	0	0	0	595	260	330
Dominican	65	30	30	0	0	0	160	100	60
Nepali	285	155	130	0	0	0	775	400	370
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0	0	0	250	125	120
Igbo	595	320	280	0	0	0	1,170	615	555
Byelorussian	90	50	40	0	0	0	190	110	80
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	35	25	0	0	0	6,775	3,245	3,530
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0	0	0	430	225	205
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	20
Moldovan	130	65	60	0	0	0	400	200	205
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	15	0	0	0	210	125	90
New Zealander	65	45	20	0	0	0	420	260	160
Sudanese	245	120	125	0	0	0	720	360	360
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0	0	0	755	320	440
Malaysian	55	35	25	0	0	0	115	65	50
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0	0	0	9,465	4,730	4,745
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0	0	0	75	35	40
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	35
Saskatchewanian	1,300	625	675	0	0	0	6,020	2,990	3,025
Buddhist	35	20	20	0	0	0	80	30	50
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norman	25	10	10	0	0	0	90	55	35
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	220	95	120
Ivorian	25	10	15	0	0	0	50	25	25
Saulteaux	1,360	610	750	0	0	0	6,970	3,370	3,600
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0	0	0	515	225	290
Burundian	105	55	55	0	0	0	265	150	105
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0	0	0	445	235	205
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0	0	0	250	150	95
Mauritian	75	50	30	0	0	0	290	150	140
Kenyan	115	50	60	0	0	0	295	160	135
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	55	15
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Jordanian	55	45	10	0	0	0	85	60	20
Manitoban	45	30	15	0	0	0	340	165	175
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Rwandan	135	75	60	0	0	0	210	105	105
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Malayali	190	105	90	0	0	0	340	190	150
Chaldean	30	10	15	0	0	0	455	215	245
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0	0	0	175	65	105
Mayan	35	20	15	0	0	0	100	45	55
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Cherokee	85	40	45	0	0	0	560	290	275
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Flemish	60	30	25	0	0	0	440	170	275
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	25
Senegalese	30	20	10	0	0	0	65	30	40
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0	70	40	30
Sicilian	10	10	0	0	0	0	30	25	10
Pashtun	95	45	50	0	0	0	155	85	70
Malay	115	60	55	0	0	0	280	140	140
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0	0	0	75	30	45
Tibetan	15	0	10	0	0	0	85	45	45
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0	0	0	225	135	95
Burmese	210	100	110	0	0	0	435	245	190
Mongolian	35	25	15	0	0	0	205	95	105
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0	0	0	190	95	100
Oromo	45	15	30	0	0	0	195	110	85
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	45	25
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	10	15
Central African	30	20	10	0	0	0	75	45	30
Libyan	40	20	20	0	0	0	125	55	70
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0	0	0	160	95	65
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0	0	0	80	50	25
Igorot	170	85	80	0	0	0	715	325	390
Fulani	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	25	15
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0	4,420	2,130	2,285
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0	0	0	25	0	25
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Beninese	10	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	0
Telugu	60	30	35	0	0	0	100	50	45
Roma	45	25	15	0	0	0	220	110	110
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0	0	0	55	15	40
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	25
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0	0	0	110	60	50
Singaporean	45	25	15	0	0	0	65	30	30
Karen	485	250	235	0	0	0	925	465	460
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	140	70	75
Tajik	20	10	10	0	0	0	50	30	20
Amhara	25	25	0	0	0	0	75	35	40
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	50
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	1,103,205	549,495	553,710
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0	0	0	4,410	2,085	2,330
Christian	117,905	54,955	62,955	225	135	90	621,250	294,000	327,255
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,455	8,435	9,020	35	25	10	93,135	45,790	47,340
Anabaptist	470	195	275	0	0	0	11,620	5,605	6,025
Anglican	4,645	2,075	2,565	10	0	0	36,415	17,085	19,330
Baptist	2,835	1,320	1,515	0	0	0	12,150	5,715	6,435
Catholic	53,990	25,615	28,375	150	95	50	265,530	127,030	138,505
Christian Orthodox	3,745	1,870	1,880	0	0	0	13,320	6,610	6,710
Jehovah's Witness	915	425	495	0	0	0	4,530	1,960	2,570
Latter Day Saints	520	280	245	0	0	0	2,060	995	1,065
Lutheran	10,855	4,935	5,915	15	0	15	46,980	21,930	25,050
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	355	155	200	0	0	0	2,275	1,040	1,235
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,085	1,425	1,660	0	0	0	15,255	7,090	8,165
Presbyterian	920	425	500	0	0	0	4,155	1,920	2,235
Reformed	135	70	65	0	0	0	625	310	315
United Church	12,900	5,400	7,500	10	10	0	81,465	36,190	45,275
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,080	2,330	2,750	0	0	0	31,740	14,740	17,000
Hindu	6,565	3,480	3,085	85	40	40	14,150	7,865	6,285
Jewish	365	210	155	0	0	0	1,105	570	535
Muslim	10,360	5,225	5,135	65	50	20	25,455	13,285	12,165
Sikh	4,305	2,245	2,065	15	10	0	9,040	4,715	4,320
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,210	470	740	0	0	0	16,300	7,830	8,465
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,555	695	855	10	0	0	7,540	3,240	4,295
No religion and secular perspectives	79,020	41,845	37,180	290	170	120	403,960	215,895	188,060
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	220,495	108,695	111,805	685	405	285	1,090,215	542,725	547,490
Non-movers	187,225	92,215	95,015	510	295	215	952,690	475,060	477,630
Movers	33,270	16,480	16,790	175	110	70	137,525	67,660	69,860
Non-migrants	25,200	12,385	12,815	100	60	40	87,445	43,195	44,250
Migrants	8,070	4,095	3,975	80	50	25	50,080	24,470	25,605
Internal migrants	5,610	2,825	2,780	55	30	20	43,570	21,240	22,325
Intraprovincial migrants	3,400	1,655	1,740	10	0	0	31,135	14,955	16,180
Interprovincial migrants	2,210	1,170	1,040	40	30	20	12,435	6,290	6,145
External migrants	2,460	1,265	1,195	25	20	0	6,510	3,230	3,280
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,595	103,240	106,360	660	390	270	1,034,525	514,365	520,155
Non-movers	121,160	59,805	61,355	310	175	135	640,040	320,125	319,920
Movers	88,435	43,435	45,000	350	215	135	394,480	194,240	200,240
Non-migrants	54,195	26,625	27,570	120	65	55	180,065	88,355	91,715
Migrants	34,235	16,810	17,430	225	145	80	214,415	105,890	108,525
Internal migrants	19,720	9,515	10,205	85	50	35	172,905	84,895	88,015
Intraprovincial migrants	13,090	6,225	6,865	35	10	25	134,460	65,855	68,605
Interprovincial migrants	6,630	3,295	3,340	50	35	15	38,445	19,040	19,410
External migrants	14,520	7,295	7,225	145	100	45	41,505	20,995	20,510
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,240	620	375	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,155	14,615	12,540	110	55	55	177,330	101,135	76,195
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,355	73,655	79,700	515	320	195	705,430	335,375	370,050
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,620	470	300	175	566,615	281,370	285,245
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,580	6,300	4,280	60	45	10	70,485	43,935	26,555
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	109,465	53,130	56,340	415	250	160	496,130	237,440	258,690
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,650	12,890	11,760	105	50	55	159,815	89,275	70,540
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	56,800	28,460	28,345	180	120	65	284,345	146,000	138,345
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,065	46,920	52,145	335	200	135	438,600	201,240	237,360
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,895	23,550	24,345	145	90	50	257,350	123,755	133,590
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,370	10,330	4,040	70	50	15	84,485	61,685	22,800
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,955	3,290	2,665	0	0	0	32,710	18,090	14,620
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,415	7,045	1,370	60	50	10	51,775	43,590	8,180
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,860	10,200	15,665	60	25	35	143,610	50,720	92,890
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,660	3,015	4,650	15	15	0	29,260	11,355	17,905
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,170	23,370	27,795	190	105	85	181,255	77,485	103,770
Bachelor's degree	35,810	16,030	19,780	115	55	55	130,060	53,265	76,785
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,550	1,180	1,370	10	10	0	8,890	3,790	5,095
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,325	635	690	0	0	0	5,205	2,680	2,525
Master's degree	10,055	4,670	5,385	65	40	25	31,315	14,210	17,105
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,430	855	575	0	0	0	5,790	3,535	2,255
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,615	470	295	170	566,615	281,370	285,245
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,250	5,345	3,910	55	45	15	61,380	37,625	23,755
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,385	17,465	15,920	140	100	40	171,565	91,440	80,125
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,405	36,615	40,795	270	150	120	333,670	152,305	181,370
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,120	17,640	17,480	85	45	40	187,510	91,760	95,745
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,760	7,830	2,925	40	25	15	61,810	45,770	16,040
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,360	2,470	1,890	10	0	0	23,150	13,115	10,035
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,405	5,360	1,040	35	20	10	38,660	32,655	6,005
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,340	7,780	11,560	40	15	20	106,680	38,240	68,435
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,020	2,025	2,995	0	0	0	19,025	7,755	11,270
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,290	18,980	23,310	185	105	80	146,160	60,540	85,620
Bachelor's degree	29,285	12,985	16,300	105	55	50	103,950	41,590	62,355
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,060	940	1,115	15	10	0	6,745	2,720	4,025
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,135	495	640	0	0	0	4,300	1,995	2,305
Master's degree	8,730	3,935	4,795	65	40	25	26,715	11,665	15,045
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,080	620	460	0	0	0	4,455	2,570	1,885
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	255	882,760	436,515	446,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,450	41,350	40,100	285	175	115	444,160	235,270	208,885
Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	0	0	0	41,855	10,430	31,430
13. Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	0	0	0	41,855	10,430	31,430
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	1,175	1,395	0	0	0	8,250	3,400	4,850
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	255	120	0	0	0	1,135	805	330
50. Visual and performing arts	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0	7,115	2,595	4,520
Humanities	4,645	1,810	2,835	10	0	0	16,710	7,370	9,340
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	95	280	0	0	0	1,080	310	770
23. English language and literature/letters	1,130	345	785	10	0	0	3,555	1,180	2,380
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,285	425	860	0	0	0	3,575	1,315	2,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0	0	0	315	100	215
38. Philosophy and religious studies	365	175	190	0	0	0	1,355	740	610
39. Theology and religious vocations	710	410	300	0	0	0	4,520	2,525	1,995
54. History	610	325	285	0	0	0	2,015	1,150	870
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0	0	0	290	45	250
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,225	3,530	5,695	40	20	20	33,210	10,740	22,470
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0	0	0	830	210	625
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	505	590	0	0	0	2,930	1,320	1,615
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,295	100	1,195	0	0	0	7,185	500	6,685
22. Legal professions and studies	1,415	690	720	20	20	0	5,120	1,925	3,190
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	75	105	0	0	0	590	225	370
42. Psychology	1,925	555	1,370	0	0	0	6,215	1,630	4,590
45. Social sciences	3,145	1,565	1,580	20	0	20	10,330	4,935	5,395
Business, management and public administration	24,945	9,745	15,200	40	20	20	92,220	29,255	62,965
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0	0	0	165	45	120
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,245	630	1,615	0	0	0	9,905	2,070	7,835
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,670	9,105	13,565	40	20	20	82,150	27,140	55,010
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,065	1,485	1,580	0	0	0	13,015	6,260	6,750
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	535	680	0	0	0	6,320	2,775	3,545
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	645	270	370	0	0	0	1,960	830	1,125
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0	0	0	150	35	110
40. Physical sciences	970	605	365	0	0	0	3,390	2,190	1,205
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	135	0	0	0	1,195	435	760
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,390	3,565	1,825	50	40	10	14,360	9,055	5,305
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,560	3,200	1,360	50	40	10	11,735	8,025	3,710
25. Library science	205	45	165	0	0	0	950	120	825
27. Mathematics and statistics	545	280	265	0	0	0	1,435	765	675
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0	0	0	235	145	90
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,420	17,495	1,930	105	85	20	94,645	87,115	7,530
04. Architecture and related services	510	325	190	0	0	0	1,710	1,050	660
14. Engineering	5,200	4,190	1,010	45	45	0	15,975	13,055	2,920
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,945	3,545	400	20	15	10	18,400	16,330	2,075
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	4,730	4,600	130	10	10	0	24,630	23,810	820
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,065	3,005	55	10	10	0	21,790	21,240	550
48. Precision production	1,970	1,825	145	15	0	0	12,130	11,630	500
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,015	675	0	0	0	18,995	12,340	6,650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	735	540	0	0	0	15,775	10,225	5,550
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135	0	0	0	3,220	2,120	1,100
Health and related fields	15,520	3,105	12,415	50	10	40	77,105	13,095	64,015
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	575	565	0	0	0	4,765	2,240	2,525
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,955	2,310	11,645	50	10	40	70,660	9,930	60,730
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0	0	0	150	60	85
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	190	0	0	0	1,535	860	675
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,685	1,940	2,745	15	10	0	28,170	12,145	16,030
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,000	670	2,325	15	0	0	17,195	3,335	13,860
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0	100	95	10
43. Security and protective services	1,055	685	370	0	0	0	5,415	3,655	1,760
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	570	40	0	0	0	5,425	5,035	390
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	35
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,045	59,425	60,620	470	300	175	566,615	281,375	285,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,635	22,815	19,825	200	145	50	232,940	129,065	103,875
Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	0	0	0	27,555	6,340	21,215
13. Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	0	0	0	27,555	6,340	21,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,060	945	1,120	0	0	0	6,520	2,715	3,800
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0	0	0	775	565	210
50. Visual and performing arts	1,790	750	1,040	0	0	0	5,740	2,150	3,590
Humanities	3,460	1,325	2,130	10	0	0	12,145	5,295	6,850
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0	0	0	825	250	575
23. English language and literature/letters	870	270	595	10	0	0	2,665	875	1,790
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	345	670	0	0	0	2,815	1,065	1,755
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	40	0	0	0	220	75	150
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	115	155	0	0	0	1,010	515	500
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	280	185	0	0	0	2,930	1,695	1,235
54. History	450	220	230	0	0	0	1,490	810	680
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0	0	0	190	20	170
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,510	2,780	4,730	45	20	25	26,915	8,320	18,600
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	130	0	0	0	725	170	550
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	465	490	0	0	0	2,545	1,165	1,375
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	95	960	0	0	0	5,850	405	5,450
22. Legal professions and studies	1,120	505	615	20	20	0	4,075	1,360	2,720
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	80	0	0	0	460	150	310
42. Psychology	1,430	365	1,060	0	0	0	4,770	1,125	3,640
45. Social sciences	2,645	1,260	1,375	20	0	20	8,490	3,940	4,550
Business, management and public administration	20,160	7,790	12,370	40	20	20	72,350	22,735	49,615
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0	0	0	145	40	105
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,830	475	1,355	0	0	0	7,740	1,425	6,315
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,305	7,305	11,000	40	20	20	64,470	21,270	43,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,140	1,300	0	0	0	10,095	4,775	5,315
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	395	565	0	0	0	4,900	2,080	2,825
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	205	300	0	0	0	1,530	640	890
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0	0	0	125	30	95
40. Physical sciences	795	490	310	0	0	0	2,740	1,720	1,020
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	105	0	0	0	795	310	485
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,530	2,970	1,565	35	25	0	12,025	7,645	4,375
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,930	2,730	1,200	35	25	0	10,205	7,005	3,195
25. Library science	155	30	120	0	0	0	655	65	590
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	175	215	0	0	0	980	470	510
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0	0	0	190	110	80
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,215	13,570	1,650	70	55	20	72,215	65,655	6,560
04. Architecture and related services	395	225	170	0	0	0	1,350	785	565
14. Engineering	4,375	3,485	890	40	35	0	13,255	10,650	2,600
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,075	2,720	350	0	0	0	14,385	12,545	1,845
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	3,565	3,465	100	10	10	0	18,380	17,710	670
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,310	2,270	35	10	10	0	15,630	15,160	470
48. Precision production	1,505	1,395	105	0	0	0	9,210	8,800	405
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	720	565	0	0	0	14,555	8,905	5,650
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	485	440	0	0	0	11,965	7,285	4,680
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	235	125	0	0	0	2,590	1,620	970
Health and related fields	11,675	2,490	9,185	40	10	25	57,430	10,205	47,225
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	435	395	0	0	0	3,605	1,645	1,955
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,490	1,885	8,605	40	10	25	52,460	7,860	44,605
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0	0	0	100	30	65
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	165	170	0	0	0	1,265	670	600
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,720	1,550	2,170	15	10	10	21,820	9,680	12,135
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	560	1,820	15	0	10	12,955	2,655	10,305
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	25	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	40	10
43. Security and protective services	835	530	305	0	0	0	4,425	2,915	1,505
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	465	35	0	0	0	4,360	4,050	310
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,045	59,425	60,620	470	300	175	566,615	281,375	285,245
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,635	22,815	19,825	200	145	50	232,940	129,065	103,875
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	77,410	36,615	40,790	270	150	120	333,675	152,305	181,370
Location of study inside Canada	59,170	27,790	31,385	120	70	50	277,810	125,215	152,600
Same as province or territory of residence	48,815	22,545	26,265	105	60	50	221,390	98,410	122,980
Different than province or territory of residence	10,355	5,235	5,120	15	10	0	56,420	26,805	29,615
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,235	8,830	9,410	155	80	70	55,865	27,090	28,775
Americas	1,745	870	870	0	0	0	7,105	3,490	3,615
United States of America	1,265	670	595	0	0	0	5,385	2,725	2,660
Mexico	80	35	40	0	0	0	285	130	160
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	20
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaica	120	45	75	0	0	0	320	130	190
Brazil	105	55	45	0	0	0	320	155	165
Colombia	35	10	25	0	0	0	205	95	110
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0	50	10	35
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0	0	0	430	195	235
Europe	1,865	1,030	830	0	0	0	7,140	3,870	3,270
Belgium	20	15	0	0	0	0	55	35	15
France	50	25	20	0	0	0	180	95	85
Germany	70	55	15	0	0	0	555	305	245
Netherlands	35	25	0	0	0	0	220	140	85
Switzerland	10	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Hungary	20	0	10	0	0	0	80	35	40
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0	0	0	105	50	50
Poland	20	10	10	0	0	0	200	100	100
Romania	30	10	15	0	0	0	155	75	80
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0	0	0	285	130	160
Ukraine	425	205	225	0	0	0	1,700	820	885
Ireland⁹⁶	90	45	40	0	0	0	350	200	155
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	385	215	0	0	0	2,180	1,320	860
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0	0	0	115	55	60
Italy	30	15	0	0	0	0	45	30	15
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0	0	0	125	80	45
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0	0	0	705	365	345
Africa	1,670	845	825	0	0	0	4,770	2,465	2,300
Nigeria	915	460	455	0	0	0	2,085	1,040	1,045
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	60	30
Tunisia	15	10	0	0	0	0	50	40	10
Egypt	135	60	75	0	0	0	385	195	190
South Africa, Republic of	135	70	60	0	0	0	1,035	545	495
Other locations of study in Africa	475	235	240	0	0	0	1,115	575	540
Asia	12,760	5,955	6,805	145	75	70	36,065	16,830	19,235
Iran⁸⁸	180	90	95	0	0	0	545	270	280
Iraq	40	20	20	0	0	0	170	95	70
Israel	50	20	30	0	0	0	90	40	50
Lebanon	20	10	10	0	0	0	40	30	20
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0	0	0	140	85	60
Turkey	25	15	15	0	0	0	70	45	30
China⁹⁰	1,140	515	625	0	0	0	3,445	1,580	1,865
Taiwan	25	10	15	0	0	0	75	25	50
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Japan	55	15	40	0	0	0	145	55	90
Korea, South⁹²	165	60	110	0	0	0	595	270	325
Philippines	4,280	1,885	2,400	35	20	20	15,730	6,870	8,860
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0	0	0	655	300	355
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0	0	0	1,510	765	745
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0	0	0	145	70	75
India	4,490	2,230	2,255	75	35	40	9,290	4,660	4,630
Pakistan	985	470	520	0	0	0	2,595	1,310	1,285
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0	0	0	735	335	400
Oceania	200	125	75	0	0	0	780	430	355
Australia	170	115	55	0	0	0	645	365	280
New Zealand	20	10	10	0	0	0	125	60	60
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	250	882,760	436,515	446,245
In the labour force	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	245	140	577,510	303,915	273,590
Employed	109,630	56,600	53,035	330	210	120	528,900	277,285	251,620
Unemployed	12,055	6,555	5,495	55	35	20	48,605	26,640	21,970
Not in the labour force	58,825	25,115	33,710	240	125	110	305,250	132,595	172,660
Participation rate	67.4	71.5	63.5	61.6	66.2	56.0	65.4	69.6	61.3
Employment rate	60.7	64.1	57.5	52.8	56.8	48.0	59.9	63.5	56.4
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.4	9.4	14.3	14.3	14.3	8.4	8.8	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	255	882,760	436,515	446,245
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60,505	26,655	33,845	245	135	110	312,775	138,210	174,575
Worked	120,010	61,610	58,395	380	235	140	569,980	298,310	271,675
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	68,355	37,005	31,350	185	120	65	313,995	176,910	137,085
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	51,650	24,605	27,045	200	120	75	255,980	121,395	134,590
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.7	41.5	42.3	45.2	37.6	41.7	42.2	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	240	140	577,505	303,920	273,590
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	30	15	10	14,000	7,290	6,715
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	355	225	130	563,505	296,630	266,870
Employee	105,420	53,550	51,870	335	220	115	469,850	237,200	232,650
Permanent position	87,510	45,135	42,370	295	195	95	383,850	196,385	187,470
Temporary position	17,910	8,410	9,495	40	25	15	86,000	40,815	45,180
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,670	2,425	3,240	15	15	0	24,010	9,810	14,200
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,245	5,990	6,255	25	15	10	61,985	31,005	30,985
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,755	7,715	5,040	20	0	15	93,655	59,430	34,225
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	240	140	577,505	303,920	273,590
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	30	15	10	14,000	7,290	6,715
All occupations¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	355	225	130	563,505	296,630	266,870
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,255	805	460	0	0	0	5,305	3,110	2,195
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,435	7,285	15,150	35	25	15	82,325	22,340	59,985
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,310	7,170	2,140	40	30	15	30,545	23,195	7,345
3 Health occupations	10,485	2,050	8,435	45	15	35	49,765	8,520	41,245
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,865	5,645	10,215	25	10	15	71,380	22,580	48,800
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,845	1,270	1,575	0	0	0	11,145	4,145	7,000
6 Sales and service occupations	31,200	14,620	16,575	150	105	50	133,655	57,805	75,855
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,595	18,065	1,525	35	35	0	105,470	96,690	8,780
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,960	1,525	425	0	0	0	54,755	42,350	12,405
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,830	405	0	0	0	19,165	15,900	3,265
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	240	140	577,505	303,920	273,590
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	30	15	10	14,000	7,290	6,715
All industries¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	355	225	130	563,505	296,630	266,870
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	830	325	0	0	0	48,750	34,620	14,130
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,070	895	180	0	0	0	18,555	16,035	2,515
22 Utilities	1,910	1,175	735	0	0	0	5,855	4,320	1,530
23 Construction	8,340	7,270	1,075	10	10	0	44,130	38,640	5,490
31-33 Manufacturing	5,315	4,505	810	20	10	0	26,200	20,290	5,910
41 Wholesale trade	4,300	3,270	1,030	15	10	0	19,815	14,675	5,135
44-45 Retail trade	14,000	7,325	6,670	65	60	0	61,480	30,005	31,475
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,075	4,160	915	10	10	0	24,225	19,320	4,910
51 Information and cultural industries	3,115	1,800	1,315	0	0	0	8,130	4,180	3,950
52 Finance and insurance	6,890	2,805	4,085	15	0	10	19,600	6,845	12,750
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,020	1,125	895	0	0	0	7,195	3,950	3,240
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,170	4,100	3,065	30	25	10	26,670	13,725	12,945
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	80	105	0	0	0	785	350	440
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,350	2,555	1,795	25	10	10	17,545	10,140	7,405
61 Educational services	8,490	2,875	5,620	10	10	0	46,205	13,905	32,305
62 Health care and social assistance	17,380	3,510	13,875	65	20	50	80,465	14,190	66,270
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,295	1,180	1,110	0	0	0	10,150	5,090	5,060
72 Accommodation and food services	7,620	3,635	3,990	50	35	20	32,705	14,110	18,595
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,695	2,645	3,055	0	0	0	25,825	12,800	13,025
91 Public administration	11,795	5,535	6,260	20	15	10	39,210	19,420	19,795
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,280	65,940	62,345	440	250	185	615,785	321,390	294,395
English	123,425	63,645	59,780	430	250	180	597,140	312,770	284,370
French	390	125	265	0	0	0	1,205	335	865
Non-official language	575	275	300	0	0	0	2,200	1,100	1,100
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	130	125
Non-Indigenous	575	275	300	0	0	0	1,950	975	975
English and French	1,190	420	765	0	0	0	3,715	1,425	2,290
English and non-official language(s)	2,580	1,405	1,175	10	0	0	11,275	5,640	5,640
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0	0	0	180	80	100
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	70	45	30
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,280	65,940	62,345	440	250	185	615,785	321,390	294,395
Single responses	127,580	65,595	61,990	440	250	185	613,080	320,105	292,980
Official languages	126,620	65,080	61,540	440	250	185	608,585	317,760	290,825
English	125,900	64,880	61,020	440	250	185	606,550	317,230	289,325
French	725	205	515	0	0	0	2,035	530	1,500
Non-official languages	965	515	450	0	0	0	4,495	2,340	2,155
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	595	550
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	735	405	330
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	400	325
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	400	325
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	60	45
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	50	30
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	520	275	245
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	200
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	200
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	175	200
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	955	510	450	0	0	0	3,360	1,750	1,610
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	40	15	25
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0	40	15	25
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	20
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0	0	0	360	175	185
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0	0	0	360	175	185
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0	0	0	220	90	130
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0	0	0	195	75	120
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	230	115	120	0	0	0	1,000	550	450
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0	95	60	35
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0	95	60	35
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Russian	20	0	15	0	0	0	45	30	15
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	225	145	85
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	105	70	35
German	10	10	0	0	0	0	95	65	30
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	70	45
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	55	30
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	85	0	0	0	455	250	205
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	0	0	0	400	220	175
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	15
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	40	0	35
Hindi	15	15	0	0	0	0	35	30	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	0	0	0	240	145	90
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	15	10	10	0	0	0	55	25	30
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	60	30	30
Dari	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0	0	0	50	25	30
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	195	80	115
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Spanish	15	0	10	0	0	0	175	80	95
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	75	50	30
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0	0	0	1,565	820	740
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0	0	0	1,505	795	710
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	375	215	160	0	0	0	1,125	580	545
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0	0	0	345	190	150
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	10
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0	0	0	55	25	30
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0	50	25	20
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0	0	0	50	25	20
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	695	340	360	0	0	0	2,710	1,290	1,420
English and French	140	50	90	0	0	0	390	150	250
English and non-official language(s)	550	285	260	0	0	0	2,290	1,140	1,155
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	20	0	15
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,280	65,940	62,345	440	250	185	615,785	321,390	294,395
None	124,985	64,310	60,670	430	250	180	603,050	315,370	287,680
English	640	275	365	0	0	0	2,935	1,355	1,580
French	740	295	445	0	0	0	2,530	1,090	1,440
Non-official language	1,485	825	660	0	0	0	6,265	3,050	3,215
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0	0	0	2,130	895	1,235
Non-Indigenous	1,455	815	635	0	0	0	4,140	2,155	1,980
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0	0	0	120	45	80
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0	0	0	130	65	65
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	330	175	160	10	0	0	750	420	335
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,630	56,595	53,035	330	210	120	528,900	277,280	251,620
Worked at home	22,315	10,145	12,170	60	30	25	97,525	49,585	47,940
Worked outside Canada	195	155	40	0	0	0	755	515	235
No fixed workplace address	12,175	9,390	2,790	40	25	15	71,095	54,970	16,125
Usual place of work	74,950	36,915	38,035	240	155	85	359,530	172,210	187,320
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	74,950	36,915	38,035	240	155	85	359,530	172,215	187,315
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,510	32,415	36,095	230	150	75	245,520	112,700	132,815
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,880	3,500	1,380	10	0	0	78,380	39,945	38,430
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	710	435	0	0	0	26,900	14,655	12,250
Commute to a different province or territory	410	285	125	0	0	0	8,735	4,920	3,815
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	87,130	46,305	40,825	275	180	95	430,625	227,180	203,440
Car, truck or van	78,595	42,710	35,885	200	135	65	389,035	208,585	180,445
Car, truck or van - as a driver	72,605	40,890	31,715	150	105	45	364,190	199,915	164,270
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,985	1,820	4,165	50	35	15	24,850	8,670	16,180
Public transit	3,145	1,210	1,935	15	10	10	7,935	3,030	4,905
Walked	3,160	1,320	1,840	50	30	25	22,105	9,315	12,795
Bicycle	505	340	165	0	0	0	3,045	1,980	1,070
Other method	1,730	720	1,010	0	0	0	8,505	4,280	4,225
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	87,130	46,305	40,825	275	180	95	430,625	227,180	203,440
Less than 15 minutes	36,430	18,265	18,165	140	90	50	202,860	98,070	104,795
15 to 29 minutes	41,820	22,725	19,095	120	80	40	152,070	82,490	69,585
30 to 44 minutes	5,240	3,075	2,160	10	0	0	42,705	25,055	17,655
45 to 59 minutes	1,820	1,075	745	0	0	0	14,775	8,890	5,875
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,165	650	0	0	0	18,210	12,675	5,535
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	87,130	46,305	40,825	275	180	95	430,625	227,180	203,440
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,030	2,925	1,100	15	10	10	25,595	18,700	6,890
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,970	8,550	5,420	25	25	0	74,470	47,500	26,975
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,895	14,460	13,430	90	45	40	132,035	70,585	61,450
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,230	8,110	9,125	40	25	15	94,680	40,390	54,285
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,260	4,605	5,655	35	20	15	46,065	19,245	26,815
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,745	7,655	6,090	70	55	15	57,780	30,760	27,015
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,095	26,135	24,950	85	40	40	266,595	136,825	129,775
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,960	2,015	1,945	10	5	5	15,535	7,860	7,680
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,130	24,120	23,005	70	35	40	251,060	128,965	122,095
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,465	18,790	17,670	35	20	15	192,900	99,195	93,705
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,030	1,555	1,475	5	5	5	11,720	5,965	5,760
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,175	1,075	1,105	5	5	0	7,000	3,445	3,555
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	485	375	0	0	0	4,720	2,515	2,205
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,435	17,240	16,200	30	15	10	181,180	93,235	87,950

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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