Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina, City (CY)More information: Saskatchewan [Census subdivision] Remove			47060266More information: Saskatchewan [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	226,404	...	...	624	...	...	36,991,981	...	...
Population, 2016¹	215,106	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	5.3	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	99,134	...	...	419	...	...	16,284,235	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	92,129	...	...	351	...	...	14,978,941	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,266.2	...	...	6,724.1	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	178.81	...	...	0.09	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	226,405	111,280	115,120	625	360	265	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740
0 to 14 years	42,660	21,770	20,885	80	40	40	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285
0 to 4 years	13,555	6,805	6,750	45	20	30	1,831,195	938,790	892,405
5 to 9 years	14,730	7,460	7,270	20	15	15	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655
10 to 14 years	14,370	7,505	6,865	5	0	0	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225
15 to 64 years	148,560	74,100	74,460	495	295	200	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710
15 to 19 years	12,945	6,685	6,265	30	15	5	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240
20 to 24 years	14,915	7,735	7,190	65	35	30	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430
25 to 29 years	15,475	7,675	7,800	70	40	30	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370
30 to 34 years	17,510	8,615	8,895	75	40	35	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040
35 to 39 years	17,945	8,930	9,010	75	45	30	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835
40 to 44 years	16,170	8,140	8,025	40	20	15	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530
45 to 49 years	13,715	6,800	6,915	40	25	15	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985
50 to 54 years	12,510	6,260	6,250	35	20	15	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685
55 to 59 years	13,910	6,715	7,190	35	20	10	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350
60 to 64 years	13,460	6,540	6,920	25	20	10	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245
65 years and over	35,185	15,415	19,775	55	30	20	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750
65 to 69 years	11,370	5,415	5,955	15	10	5	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665
70 to 74 years	8,610	3,995	4,615	15	5	10	1,847,585	879,850	967,735
75 to 79 years	5,755	2,550	3,205	15	5	5	1,260,930	589,090	671,845
80 to 84 years	4,295	1,690	2,605	5	5	5	840,545	370,905	469,645
85 years and over	5,150	1,760	3,390	5	0	0	861,395	319,540	541,860
85 to 89 years	2,940	1,045	1,900	0	0	0	525,445	212,735	312,705
90 to 94 years	1,710	600	1,115	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735
95 to 99 years	440	110	330	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715
100 years and over	55	10	45	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.6	18.1	12.8	11.1	15.1	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.6	64.7	79.2	81.9	75.5	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	15.5	13.9	17.2	8.8	8.3	7.5	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	2.9	0.8	0.0	0.0	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	39.0	38.0	40.1	36.7	37.8	35.2	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	34.8	35.6	33.6	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	92,130	...	...	355	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Single-detached house	58,120	...	...	35	...	...	7,872,310	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,625	...	...	5	...	...	746,560	...	...
Row house	6,025	...	...	0	...	...	980,110	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,210	...	...	0	...	...	821,490	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,560	...	...	185	...	...	2,738,020	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,390	...	...	125	...	...	1,596,155	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	170	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	92,130	...	...	350	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 person	27,875	...	...	190	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
2 persons	30,420	...	...	95	...	...	5,124,800	...	...
3 persons	13,605	...	...	40	...	...	2,194,825	...	...
4 persons	12,475	...	...	20	...	...	2,002,455	...	...
5 or more persons	7,745	...	...	10	...	...	1,260,850	...	...
Number of persons in private households	223,075	109,975	113,100	625	360	265	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Average household size	2.4	...	...	1.8	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	183,750	89,510	94,240	550	325	230	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460
Married or living common-law	102,485	51,180	51,305	225	115	110	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595
Married	85,680	42,785	42,895	185	100	85	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875
Living common-law	16,805	8,395	8,410	40	20	25	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725
Living common law - Never married	12,930	6,495	6,430	35	15	20	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685
Living common law - Separated	485	250	230	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785
Living common law - Divorced	3,110	1,530	1,575	5	0	0	721,715	365,760	355,950
Living common law - Widowed	285	120	170	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300
Not married and not living common-law	81,260	38,330	42,930	325	205	115	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married	56,260	30,255	26,005	255	170	85	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,115	1,740	2,380	15	5	5	741,135	319,045	422,090
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,230	4,350	6,880	45	25	25	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,655	1,985	7,665	10	0	5	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	61,005	...	...	120	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
2 persons	30,355	...	...	75	...	...	5,306,105	...	...
3 persons	13,035	...	...	30	...	...	2,147,825	...	...
4 persons	11,915	...	...	15	...	...	1,953,035	...	...
5 or more persons	5,700	...	...	10	...	...	855,960	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	61,005	...	...	125	...	...	10,262,925	...	...
Total couple families	49,900	...	...	110	...	...	8,576,585	...	...
Married couples	41,500	...	...	85	...	...	6,627,310	...	...
With children⁶	22,965	...	...	45	...	...	3,481,775	...	...
Without children	18,530	...	...	45	...	...	3,145,535	...	...
Common-law couples	8,405	...	...	20	...	...	1,949,275	...	...
With children⁶	3,160	...	...	0	...	...	808,645	...	...
Without children	5,240	...	...	20	...	...	1,140,630	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,105	...	...	15	...	...	1,686,340	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,590	...	...	10	...	...	1,302,670	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,515	...	...	0	...	...	383,670	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	223,075	109,975	113,100	620	360	265	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245
Total - Persons in census families	178,470	88,170	90,300	320	160	165	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625
Married spouses or common-law partners	99,805	49,885	49,920	220	110	110	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560
Parents in one-parent families	11,100	2,510	8,590	15	5	15	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670
Children⁶	67,565	35,775	31,790	90	50	45	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400
In a two-parent family	49,485	25,920	23,560	75	35	35	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805
In a one-parent family	18,085	9,850	8,230	15	10	10	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	44,605	21,800	22,805	305	200	100	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620
Living alone	27,880	12,455	15,420	195	135	60	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520
Living with other relatives⁷	6,140	2,880	3,250	15	5	5	927,345	393,085	534,260
Living with non-relatives only	10,590	6,460	4,125	100	65	35	1,526,645	878,800	647,840
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	92,130	...	...	350	...	...	14,978,945	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	54,045	...	...	115	...	...	8,932,695	...	...
Couple-family households	45,345	...	...	100	...	...	7,627,195	...	...
With children⁶	23,660	...	...	45	...	...	3,789,795	...	...
Without children	21,690	...	...	60	...	...	3,837,400	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,695	...	...	15	...	...	1,305,500	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,000	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	465	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,890	...	...	10	...	...	450,415	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,855	...	...	35	...	...	663,835	...	...
One-person households	27,880	...	...	190	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	180,515	88,260	92,255	545	320	225	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,475	84,055	88,420	515	305	210	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,200	42,400	34,000	36,800	31,000	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	172,530	84,085	88,450	515	305	210	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	31,400	34,000	28,400	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	156,630	77,335	79,295	420	255	160	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,400	35,600	32,000	38,800	28,600	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	129,495	66,025	63,470	360	220	140	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	34,400	39,600	31,000	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	153,065	73,240	79,825	465	270	195	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,520	9,200	9,500	6,650	11,600	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,300	8,315	7,985	65	40	25	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,480	5,480	6,000	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,490	21,960	22,530	160	95	70	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	12,000	12,000	12,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	180,515	88,270	92,240	620	370	250	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,410	83,980	88,430	600	355	245	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,700	63,400	50,360	38,200	37,600	39,600	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	172,475	84,010	88,460	600	355	245	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,280	51,600	43,120	33,400	32,200	35,200	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,820	77,340	79,480	465	280	180	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,550	60,500	44,760	36,200	34,800	38,000	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	129,490	65,810	63,685	405	240	160	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,100	58,600	45,320	38,000	38,000	38,000	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	152,715	72,965	79,755	540	320	220	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,820	11,210	11,360	10,700	12,400	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,120	8,290	7,820	90	60	30	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,970	6,115	7,880	8,000	5,200	14,000	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,490	22,075	22,415	190	125	70	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,890	8,960	10,800	10,600	11,200	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	180,510	88,270	92,240	620	375	250	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,735	35,970	30,765	170	110	65	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	71,500	62,400	59,200	50,400	65,500	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,200	82,700	68,700	64,000	62,000	68,000	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	48,570	22,880	25,690	185	115	65	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	16,800	13,700	13,700	12,300	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,160	25,160	20,200	19,200	22,000	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.0	80.0	73.5	74.0	72.0	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.4	64.8	67.0	69.0	64.0	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.7	12.1	20.1	26.6	26.0	28.0	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	3.2	2.6	4.0	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.4	9.8	10.8	8.6	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	9.0	10.0	7.6	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	180,510	88,255	92,260	550	325	225	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without total income	8,045	4,205	3,840	35	20	10	1,094,320	545,400	548,915
With total income	172,470	84,050	88,420	520	300	215	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,070	6,025	7,050	50	20	30	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310
$10,000 to $19,999	16,245	7,040	9,210	60	35	25	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945
$20,000 to $29,999	23,555	10,145	13,410	125	70	55	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570
$30,000 to $39,999	20,845	9,090	11,750	65	35	35	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375
$40,000 to $49,999	19,810	8,820	10,995	70	40	25	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755
$50,000 to $59,999	17,170	8,100	9,070	45	30	15	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330
$60,000 to $69,999	14,075	7,155	6,915	30	20	10	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795
$70,000 to $79,999	11,300	6,070	5,230	20	15	10	1,592,465	887,985	704,480
$80,000 to $89,999	8,925	4,860	4,065	15	15	0	1,239,395	708,430	530,965
$90,000 to $99,999	7,140	3,835	3,300	10	5	0	965,950	553,435	412,510
$100,000 and over	20,340	12,910	7,435	30	15	15	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625
$100,000 to $149,999	14,395	8,695	5,700	25	15	15	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520
$150,000 and over	5,945	4,210	1,730	5	5	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	180,510	88,255	92,260	550	325	225	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without after-tax income	7,980	4,175	3,810	35	20	10	1,079,955	537,800	542,155
With after-tax income	172,530	84,080	88,450	520	300	215	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,595	6,185	7,410	50	20	30	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725
$10,000 to $19,999	17,125	7,425	9,700	60	35	30	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855
$20,000 to $29,999	27,115	11,855	15,260	130	80	55	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845
$30,000 to $39,999	25,285	11,290	14,000	90	50	40	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250
$40,000 to $49,999	23,600	11,005	12,595	75	45	30	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005
$50,000 to $59,999	19,355	9,775	9,580	35	25	10	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920
$60,000 to $69,999	14,600	7,735	6,860	25	20	5	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790
$70,000 to $79,999	10,790	5,730	5,065	20	10	5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875
$80,000 to $89,999	6,865	3,790	3,070	10	0	10	1,027,015	592,405	434,605
$90,000 to $99,999	4,475	2,645	1,830	10	5	5	643,700	402,325	241,380
$100,000 and over	9,735	6,650	3,085	10	10	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185
$100,000 to $124,999	5,345	3,515	1,830	5	5	0	792,455	530,970	261,490
$125,000 and over	4,395	3,140	1,255	5	5	0	804,335	578,645	225,695
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	180,510	88,255	92,260	550	325	225	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580
Without employment income	51,020	22,235	28,785	185	100	85	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450
With employment income	129,495	66,025	63,470	365	225	140	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,130	6,950	8,180	50	30	20	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955
$5,000 to $9,999	9,600	4,335	5,260	40	15	25	1,739,570	765,825	973,750
$10,000 to $19,999	13,950	6,395	7,555	50	30	20	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810
$20,000 to $29,999	11,210	5,415	5,790	30	20	5	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050
$30,000 to $39,999	11,040	5,205	5,835	35	15	15	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190
$40,000 to $49,999	11,605	5,475	6,130	35	25	10	1,859,845	899,795	960,055
$50,000 to $59,999	10,895	5,470	5,425	45	30	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780
$60,000 to $69,999	9,755	5,220	4,535	20	15	5	1,367,510	754,825	612,685
$70,000 to $79,999	8,090	4,455	3,635	15	10	5	1,099,625	637,060	462,570
$80,000 to $89,999	6,830	3,720	3,110	20	15	5	929,490	539,395	390,095
$90,000 to $99,999	5,720	3,080	2,635	10	5	0	760,035	439,505	320,530
$100,000 and over	15,670	10,290	5,375	20	15	10	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670
$100,000 to $124,999	7,735	4,660	3,075	15	10	10	1,129,445	714,235	415,210
$125,000 and over	7,935	5,635	2,305	5	0	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	180,515	88,260	92,255	545	320	225	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,335	81,900	86,430	500	295	205	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	40,400	26,400	32,000	22,400	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,395	81,905	86,485	500	295	205	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	25,400	29,200	21,400	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	153,960	76,000	77,960	405	250	160	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	31,600	36,400	24,600	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	128,340	65,415	62,925	360	220	140	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	39,200	32,400	38,400	21,200	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	144,080	68,975	75,110	420	245	175	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,130	4,680	2,120	1,200	4,680	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	12,025	5,915	6,110	30	20	15	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	7,000	5,400	4,600	x	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	180,515	88,270	92,240	620	370	250	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,460	81,880	86,580	565	340	220	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,850	62,350	47,800	38,200	38,000	38,400	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	168,505	81,890	86,615	565	340	220	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,400	50,440	40,640	32,600	32,400	32,800	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	154,535	76,130	78,400	435	270	170	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,350	62,000	45,000	42,200	41,600	43,200	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,830	65,605	63,220	395	240	155	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,100	60,100	45,800	42,600	44,000	40,000	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	144,205	69,075	75,130	475	295	185	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,595	8,120	6,640	6,320	7,200	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	12,030	5,960	6,065	30	30	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,660	6,335	8,970	4,800	4,800	...	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	180,510	88,270	92,240	620	375	250	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,185	35,655	30,525	180	115	65	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	68,500	58,400	58,400	58,000	59,200	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	80,200	64,400	59,200	56,000	64,000	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	45,210	21,230	23,980	150	105	45	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,800	23,000	30,400	38,800	30,000	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,360	40,720	30,640	34,500	35,000	34,000	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.2	85.0	86.0	84.0	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.2	70.0	78.0	82.0	72.0	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	14.8	14.7	14.2	15.4	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	0.7	1.0	...	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	92,130	...	...	350	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	52,800	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	47,200	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,880	...	...	190	...	...	4,396,015	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	34,800	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	32,400	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	64,250	...	...	160	...	...	10,582,930	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	78,500	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	70,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	92,130	...	...	385	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	59,000	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,500	...	...	51,600	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,865	...	...	215	...	...	4,394,500	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,450	...	...	42,400	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,920	...	...	36,800	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	64,265	...	...	175	...	...	10,584,445	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	79,500	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	70,000	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	92,125	...	...	350	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	1,025	...	...	10	...	...	165,175	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	745	...	...	10	...	...	178,475	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,400	...	...	15	...	...	274,140	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,135	...	...	45	...	...	637,695	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,890	...	...	20	...	...	505,875	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,740	...	...	20	...	...	488,735	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,020	...	...	15	...	...	560,950	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,190	...	...	20	...	...	572,650	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,350	...	...	20	...	...	559,155	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,715	...	...	35	...	...	1,093,185	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,615	...	...	25	...	...	1,044,715	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,315	...	...	30	...	...	986,460	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,815	...	...	25	...	...	921,205	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,445	...	...	20	...	...	844,835	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,290	...	...	50	...	...	6,053,945	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,365	...	...	20	...	...	1,753,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,465	...	...	10	...	...	1,283,445	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,635	...	...	15	...	...	1,545,935	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,820	...	...	5	...	...	1,471,075	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	92,125	...	...	350	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Under $5,000	1,115	...	...	10	...	...	186,735	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	445	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	770	...	...	10	...	...	183,430	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,460	...	...	15	...	...	289,545	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,430	...	...	50	...	...	681,900	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,290	...	...	15	...	...	589,110	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,245	...	...	20	...	...	582,275	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,785	...	...	20	...	...	666,675	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,930	...	...	20	...	...	676,995	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,990	...	...	25	...	...	655,100	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,140	...	...	40	...	...	1,285,425	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,795	...	...	35	...	...	1,223,830	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,240	...	...	35	...	...	1,137,840	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,590	...	...	15	...	...	1,039,375	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,820	...	...	15	...	...	911,515	...	...
$100,000 and over	31,100	...	...	30	...	...	4,773,995	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,745	...	...	15	...	...	1,757,035	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,785	...	...	10	...	...	1,152,855	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,570	...	...	10	...	...	1,864,100	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,885	...	...	125	...	...	10,117,305	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,235	...	...	65	...	...	3,929,500	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	68,500	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,215	...	...	45	...	...	4,311,315	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,370	...	...	15	...	...	1,547,920	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,465	18,920	19,550	290	195	90	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,400	42,800	27,000	27,200	26,000	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000	38,400	25,600	26,600	23,800	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,920	...	...	135	...	...	10,113,100	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	84,000	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	72,000	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,270	...	...	80	...	...	3,926,040	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	76,000	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	68,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,225	...	...	40	...	...	4,318,755	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	95,000	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,300	...	...	80,000	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,370	...	...	0	...	...	1,539,580	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	...	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	...	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,405	18,935	19,475	335	215	120	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,600	52,200	51,000	34,800	36,400	32,000	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,480	43,240	43,720	30,400	31,200	29,200	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	625	360	265	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
0 to 17 years	50,185	25,655	24,530	80	40	40	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005
0 to 5 years	16,460	8,265	8,195	45	20	30	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775
18 to 64 years	140,050	69,635	70,415	490	290	200	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665
65 years and over	32,840	14,685	18,155	55	30	20	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,980	11,385	12,590	175	110	65	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765
0 to 17 years	7,235	3,695	3,540	10	5	5	854,565	439,490	415,075
0 to 5 years	2,605	1,245	1,365	5	5	5	282,315	144,250	138,065
18 to 64 years	13,305	6,485	6,820	150	95	55	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640
65 years and over	3,440	1,205	2,230	10	10	5	985,745	391,695	594,050
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.4	11.1	27.6	30.8	23.0	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.0	16.0	10.0	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	15.8	15.1	16.6	16.0	x	12.0	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	30.0	32.5	27.0	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.2	12.3	24.0	32.0	16.0	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	223,075	109,975	113,100	620	360	265	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440
0 to 17 years	50,190	25,655	24,535	85	35	45	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505
0 to 5 years	16,465	8,260	8,200	50	20	30	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925
18 to 64 years	140,045	69,635	70,415	485	285	200	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865
65 years and over	32,840	14,690	18,155	55	35	25	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,110	5,450	4,660	85	60	25	1,863,335	950,150	913,180
0 to 17 years	2,380	1,220	1,155	5	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060
0 to 5 years	795	395	400	5	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560
18 to 64 years	7,290	4,030	3,260	80	55	25	1,344,640	702,660	641,975
65 years and over	445	200	245	5	5	0	199,155	83,010	116,145
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.1	13.4	16.5	9.5	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	16.0	19.5	12.0	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	223,075	109,975	113,100	625	360	265	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250
In bottom half of the distribution	106,475	51,510	54,960	475	270	205	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345
In bottom decile	21,960	10,990	10,975	170	105	65	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070
In second decile	21,470	9,915	11,550	80	40	35	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660
In third decile	21,120	10,170	10,955	60	35	30	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735
In fourth decile	20,780	10,030	10,745	80	45	35	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210
In fifth decile	21,145	10,400	10,745	80	40	40	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670
In top half of the distribution	116,600	58,465	58,135	145	85	60	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900
In sixth decile	22,300	10,955	11,350	40	25	20	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535
In seventh decile	23,405	11,675	11,730	35	20	15	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230
In eighth decile	24,275	12,145	12,130	40	25	10	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530
In ninth decile	24,685	12,445	12,235	10	5	5	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415
In top decile	21,940	11,240	10,695	20	10	10	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	223,075	...	...	620	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.328	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.498	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.295	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English only	207,155	102,745	104,415	595	345	255	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800
French only	180	80	95	0	0	0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390
English and French	13,580	6,160	7,420	15	5	10	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330
Neither English nor French	2,900	1,295	1,605	15	5	5	689,725	284,170	405,555
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	218,150	107,635	110,515	610	345	260	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025
French	2,300	1,120	1,180	5	5	0	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110
English and French	590	300	290	0	0	0	476,175	237,635	238,535
Neither English nor French	2,775	1,225	1,550	15	5	5	673,100	275,685	397,420
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	215,360	106,115	109,245	565	325	240	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600
Official languages	173,925	85,390	88,535	380	210	165	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510
English	171,680	84,300	87,375	375	210	165	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835
French	2,250	1,090	1,160	5	5	5	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675
Non-official languages	41,435	20,730	20,710	190	115	75	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090
Indigenous languages³⁹	325	120	205	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265
Algonquian languages	255	90	160	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670
Cree languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	300	280
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	20	45	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	310	315
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	45	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	865	400	460
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	355	150	205
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	115	155
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15
Michif	15	5	10	0	0	0	485	220	265
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,040	485	555
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0	0	0	70	40	25
Dakota	10	5	5	0	0	0	560	245	315
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	45	20	20
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100
Non-Indigenous languages	41,115	20,605	20,505	190	110	75	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,025	1,515	1,515	5	5	0	698,355	359,625	338,730
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	225	170
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905
Hausa	15	5	10	0	0	0	1,315	740	570
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	675	340	335
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	510	505
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135
Bilen	75	40	35	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935
Oromo	50	20	30	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890
Somali	425	205	225	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0	0	0	755	400	350
Semitic languages	2,425	1,230	1,200	5	5	0	618,450	320,045	298,405
Amharic	170	85	90	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600
Arabic	1,750	885	860	5	5	0	508,410	265,350	243,060
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,600	805	795
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675
Hebrew	20	10	5	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	450	235	220
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,605	775	830	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705
Vietnamese	1,565	755	815	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	230	225
Austronesian languages	7,330	3,480	3,850	35	20	15	565,375	238,875	326,500
Bikol	30	15	15	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180
Bisaya, n.o.s.	195	90	100	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790
Cebuano	405	190	220	5	0	5	18,945	7,800	11,145
Fijian	5	5	0	0	0	0	605	325	280
Hiligaynon	90	40	55	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795
Ilocano	435	200	235	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380
Indonesian	20	5	15	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0	0	0	1,100	465	640
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0	0	0	670	275	395
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,245	580	670
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	415	425
Malay	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,330	570	760
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,905	2,825	3,085	30	15	10	461,150	194,805	266,345
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0	0	0	1,625	690	935
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705
Creole languages	75	40	35	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	600	315	290
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	435
Morisyen	30	15	15	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	280	300
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140
Dravidian languages	1,105	605	500	10	5	5	244,165	125,180	118,990
Kannada	30	10	20	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020
Malayalam	620	330	295	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670
Tamil	205	110	90	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845
Telugu	240	150	95	5	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950
Tulu	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	310	305
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	370	170	195
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305
Indo-European languages	20,315	10,480	9,840	120	75	45	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520
Albanian	175	90	80	5	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580
Armenian	20	10	10	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385
Balto-Slavic languages	2,770	1,275	1,495	0	0	0	648,810	297,100	351,710
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135
Latvian	20	10	10	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580
Slavic languages	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0	638,250	292,670	345,580
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	325	395
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950
Czech	25	10	15	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720
Polish	350	160	195	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050
Russian	840	395	445	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800
Rusyn	10	5	0	0	0	0	500	240	255
Serbo-Croatian	340	165	175	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835
Bosnian	75	40	35	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040
Croatian	130	60	70	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740
Serbian	125	60	65	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045
Slovak	25	15	10	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535
Ukrainian	1,090	485	610	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	235	205
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	355	315
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	425	210	210
Welsh	5	5	0	0	0	0	825	410	420
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	135	95
Germanic languages	1,810	850	955	5	5	5	463,400	221,365	242,035
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775
High German languages	1,400	645	755	5	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990
German	1,385	640	745	5	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540
Swiss German	5	5	5	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	175	165	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840
Afrikaans	135	85	55	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095
Dutch	160	75	85	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605
Scandinavian languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775
Danish	35	20	10	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195
Icelandic	10	5	5	0	0	0	905	430	480
Norwegian	10	5	5	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860
Swedish	15	5	5	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,330	670	660
Greek	460	230	230	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470
Indo-Iranian languages	13,150	7,060	6,095	105	60	40	1,659,505	847,400	812,105
Indo-Aryan languages	12,310	6,620	5,690	90	55	35	1,358,645	697,075	661,575
Assamese	5	5	5	0	0	0	545	265	280
Bengali	1,365	715	645	40	25	15	87,580	45,160	42,425
Gujarati	2,635	1,485	1,155	15	10	0	138,985	73,335	65,655
Hindi	1,165	655	510	15	10	10	152,825	79,585	73,240
Kacchi	10	0	5	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0	0	0	745	395	350
Konkani	25	10	10	5	0	5	3,425	1,675	1,745
Marathi	65	40	30	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810
Nepali	360	180	175	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510
Oriya languages	15	10	10	10	5	5	1,775	940	835
Odia	10	5	0	10	5	5	1,125	615	510
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	645	325	320
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,980	2,140	1,840	5	0	5	666,585	341,515	325,065
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280
Sindhi	20	10	10	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110
Urdu	2,505	1,280	1,230	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780
Iranian languages	840	435	395	10	5	5	300,555	150,160	150,390
Baluchi	5	0	0	0	0	0	555	305	250
Kurdish	55	35	25	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	240
Pashto	175	105	75	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355
Persian languages	595	300	300	10	5	5	262,625	130,180	132,440
Dari	215	105	105	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155
Iranian Persian	335	170	170	10	5	5	179,425	89,070	90,360
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	815	425	390
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	305	165	140
Italic (Romance) languages	1,925	955	970	5	5	5	1,194,290	574,295	619,995
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	905	470	440
Italian	290	145	145	0	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205
Portuguese	175	90	90	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450
Romanian	200	90	110	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975
Spanish	1,265	630	630	10	5	5	538,870	259,500	279,375
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,165	610	550
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	385	195	185
Japanese	85	25	60	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650
Korean	505	210	295	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325
Mongolian	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050
Niger-Congo languages	1,140	585	560	5	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440
Akan (Twi)	60	30	30	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860
Edo	15	10	5	0	0	0	1,685	745	940
Éwé	20	5	10	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695
Ga	10	5	0	0	0	0	815	400	415
Ganda	35	20	15	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0	0	0	760	320	440
Igbo	145	85	60	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015
Lingala	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0	0	0	520	245	275
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	515	260	260
Mwani	10	5	5	0	0	0	695	365	325
Ndebele	5	5	5	0	0	0	920	420	500
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625
Shona	30	15	10	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	315	190
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	520	200	320
Swahili	150	75	75	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,030	495	535
Wolof	10	5	5	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285
Yoruba	335	165	170	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355
Dinka	55	35	25	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0	0	0	575	305	270
Sign languages	25	10	15	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	990	520	465
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	555	450
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,125	2,515	2,615	10	5	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800
Chinese languages	4,585	2,240	2,345	10	5	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055
Hakka	10	5	5	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345
Mandarin	3,170	1,560	1,605	5	5	0	679,255	310,750	368,510
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	665	645
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880
Yue (Cantonese)	1,225	590	640	10	5	5	553,380	255,540	297,835
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	630	295	330
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445
Burmese	30	15	10	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	870	400	475
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275
S'gaw Karen	350	180	165	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0	0	0	615	305	315
Tibetan	10	5	10	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0	0	0	890	445	440
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0	0	0	585	285	295
Tai-Kadai languages	175	75	105	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745
Lao	130	60	70	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010
Thai	50	15	35	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	165	240
Turkic languages	130	60	70	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	540	230	305
Turkish	95	50	50	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570
Uyghur	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,355	660	690
Uzbek	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,805	890	920
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,150	530	620
Uralic languages	295	135	160	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180
Estonian	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535
Finnish	15	5	10	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120
Hungarian	275	130	145	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,060	540	520
Multiple responses	8,455	4,165	4,285	60	35	20	1,475,690	719,210	756,480
English and French	760	390	375	0	0	0	291,325	142,420	148,905
English and non-official language(s)	6,670	3,295	3,375	55	35	20	921,480	450,685	470,800
French and non-official language(s)	145	75	70	0	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975
Multiple non-official languages	750	350	400	0	5	0	92,095	42,330	49,765
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
English	174,880	85,845	89,030	375	215	155	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270
French	630	310	320	0	0	0	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685
Non-official language	11,290	5,610	5,675	40	20	20	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080
Non-Indigenous	11,270	5,605	5,665	40	20	20	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240
English and French	2,030	940	1,090	5	5	0	953,760	465,560	488,205
English and non-official language(s)	32,530	16,345	16,185	200	115	80	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0	0	0	395,320	188,195	207,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	940	460	475	0	0	0	455,760	217,995	237,770
Multiple non-official languages	1,405	710	690	15	10	10	200,320	93,165	107,155
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	223,810	110,280	113,535	625	360	265	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080
Single responses	214,720	105,675	109,040	560	320	240	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035
Official languages	188,395	92,390	96,000	425	245	180	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850
English	187,440	91,930	95,515	425	240	180	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485
French	950	460	490	0	0	0	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365
Non-official languages	26,325	13,290	13,040	130	75	55	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060
Cree languages	50	20	30	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	665	305	360
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	1,455	730	725
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0	0	0	390	195	200
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0	0	0	240	110	130
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10
Dakota	5	5	5	0	0	0	120	65	60
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	25	40
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40
Non-Indigenous languages	26,245	13,255	12,990	130	75	55	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0	0	0	395,840	197,010	198,830
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	455	380
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	155	130
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	425	410
Hausa	0	0	0	0	0	0	635	330	305
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	95	105
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260
Bilen	65	35	25	0	0	0	1,645	890	760
Oromo	45	20	25	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960
Somali	290	135	155	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	425	215	205
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520
Amharic	70	30	45	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565
Arabic	1,225	595	630	0	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,220	605	615
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380
Hebrew	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	135	115
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,280	630	650	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880
Vietnamese	1,270	625	640	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	160	135
Austronesian languages	4,720	2,285	2,435	30	15	15	326,245	149,550	176,700
Bikol	20	10	10	0	0	0	760	370	395
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230
Cebuano	220	105	115	5	0	5	10,195	4,720	5,480
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750
Ilocano	180	90	90	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000
Indonesian	5	5	5	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0	0	0	585	265	320
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	150	170
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	725	370	355
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	165	170
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	205	190
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	145	140
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0	0	0	680	310	375
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,015	1,940	2,070	20	15	10	275,045	125,870	149,170
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0	0	0	680	325	360
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105
Creole languages	40	15	25	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0	0	0	300	125	175
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210
Morisyen	15	5	5	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880
Sango	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	135	160
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	870	395	475
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	10	5	5	169,705	85,265	84,440
Kannada	5	5	5	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485
Malayalam	455	245	220	5	5	0	35,390	19,010	16,380
Tamil	125	65	65	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095
Telugu	135	75	60	5	0	5	18,470	10,215	8,250
Tulu	5	5	5	0	0	0	240	120	120
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0	0	0	205	105	105
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,335	730	610
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120
Indo-European languages	12,250	6,405	5,840	80	45	35	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380
Albanian	85	40	45	5	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100
Armenian	10	5	5	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550
Balto-Slavic languages	1,170	585	590	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985
Baltic languages	25	15	5	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380
Latvian	10	5	0	0	0	0	880	395	485
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0	0	0	1,615	720	895
Slavic languages	1,150	570	580	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610
Belarusian	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	100	115
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310
Czech	5	5	5	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225
Polish	95	40	50	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915
Russian	550	275	280	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490
Rusyn	10	5	0	0	0	0	290	155	135
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430
Bosnian	30	15	15	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345
Croatian	45	20	25	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960
Serbian	60	30	30	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	640	315	325
Slovak	5	5	5	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,375	595	785
Ukrainian	325	170	160	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	55	40
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	295	265
Irish	0	0	0	0	0	0	310	165	145
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15
Germanic languages	170	75	90	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	110	155
High German languages	90	35	55	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325
German	90	35	55	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,750	870	875
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035
Dutch	5	5	0	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	120
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	280	340
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	95
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	125	135
Swedish	5	0	0	0	0	0	890	435	450
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	740	355	390
Greek	235	110	125	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810
Indo-Iranian languages	9,745	5,185	4,560	65	35	30	1,167,370	590,435	576,930
Indo-Aryan languages	9,190	4,915	4,280	60	35	25	962,820	490,815	472,000
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	110	110
Bengali	965	505	465	25	15	10	56,750	28,435	28,315
Gujarati	1,990	1,100	885	10	10	5	92,005	47,790	44,215
Hindi	840	480	360	15	10	10	91,930	47,555	44,375
Kacchi	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140
Konkani	5	5	5	0	0	0	880	415	470
Marathi	30	15	20	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660
Nepali	270	135	135	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	795	420	375
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	525	275	250
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,245	1,745	1,505	5	0	5	520,390	266,775	253,610
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215
Sindhi	10	0	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890
Urdu	1,735	870	860	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975
Iranian languages	550	270	275	5	0	5	204,420	99,545	104,875
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155
Kurdish	35	15	20	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	280	130	150
Pashto	115	60	50	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545
Persian languages	395	195	200	5	0	5	179,745	87,075	92,670
Dari	120	65	55	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	5	0	5	125,840	61,060	64,780
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	475	250	225
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	125	70	55
Italic (Romance) languages	830	400	430	10	5	5	577,735	273,965	303,770
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	185	190
Italian	60	25	30	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005
Portuguese	70	35	35	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045
Romanian	65	30	30	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955
Spanish	635	305	325	10	5	5	317,365	155,005	162,360
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	425	210	220
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	95	95
Japanese	40	10	25	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765
Korean	375	165	210	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	505	545
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	240	5	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	280	280
Edo	5	0	5	0	0	0	365	150	215
Éwé	0	5	0	0	0	0	470	225	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,315	665	650
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	115	150
Ganda	15	10	10	0	0	0	555	260	295
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Igbo	50	25	25	0	0	0	1,530	770	765
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520
Lingala	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,520	655	860
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	35	60
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	35
Mwani	0	0	0	0	0	0	160	85	75
Ndebele	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	130	160
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025
Shona	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,035	480	555
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	145	85
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85
Swahili	95	50	50	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	130	160
Wolof	10	5	10	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910
Yoruba	105	45	60	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600
Dinka	40	20	20	0	0	0	900	485	420
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	1,465	705	760
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	75	70
Sign languages	70	40	25	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	830	645
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,855	1,905	1,955	5	5	5	967,965	450,210	517,755
Chinese languages	3,445	1,695	1,750	5	5	5	955,685	444,115	511,565
Hakka	5	0	5	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985
Mandarin	2,560	1,275	1,285	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	370	405
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050
Yue (Cantonese)	790	375	410	10	5	5	393,430	180,000	213,435
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	110	115
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035
Burmese	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0	0	0	660	320	340
Karenic languages	335	170	160	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675
S'gaw Karen	280	140	135	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0	0	0	440	225	210
Tibetan	5	5	5	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	465	225	240
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	290	135	155
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460
Lao	60	30	30	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105
Thai	15	5	10	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	50
Turkish	65	35	35	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	850	420	435
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	950	470	480
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	210
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050
Hungarian	45	25	20	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	195
Multiple responses	9,095	4,600	4,495	65	40	30	1,563,345	758,295	805,045
English and French	325	160	160	0	0	0	230,955	112,070	118,880
English and non-official language(s)	8,445	4,285	4,160	65	35	25	1,123,355	546,255	577,095
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0	0	0	125,525	60,405	65,125
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	5	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	223,810	110,275	113,535	625	360	265	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085
None	193,760	95,265	98,495	450	260	195	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980
English	11,190	5,645	5,545	65	35	25	1,956,965	969,380	987,580
French	1,745	810	930	5	5	0	571,040	268,530	302,510
Non-official language	12,130	5,975	6,155	70	35	30	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260
Indigenous³⁹	395	145	245	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280
Non-Indigenous	11,730	5,825	5,905	70	35	30	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975
English and French	120	60	60	0	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585
English and non-official language(s)	2,735	1,445	1,290	25	15	10	323,845	161,995	161,850
French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0	0	0	134,565	61,575	72,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895
Multiple non-official languages	1,705	880	825	15	10	10	234,905	115,470	119,430
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310
Official languages	220,175	108,690	111,480	680	395	280	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360
English	220,040	108,625	111,415	680	395	280	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470
French	13,815	6,470	7,345	0	0	0	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875
Non-official languages	56,270	28,045	28,225	235	140	90	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	440	565	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795
Algonquian languages	870	395	475	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560
Cree-Innu languages	745	340	410	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360
Cree languages	745	340	410	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	330	145	185	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650
Cree, n.o.s.	375	185	190	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	525
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	85	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855
Ojibway languages	175	90	85	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	70	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,605	655	950
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120
Michif	30	15	15	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0	0	0	370	195	175
Dakota	40	25	20	0	0	0	1,530	715	810
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0	0	0	325	180	140
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	310	335
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0	0	0	855	405	450
Non-Indigenous languages	55,310	27,620	27,690	235	140	90	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,400	2,235	2,170	0	0	0	1,100,035	565,845	534,195
Berber languages	10	0	0	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,330	750	575
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350
Hausa	85	30	60	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380
Mina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965
Coptic	15	10	0	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900
Cushitic languages	850	415	430	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500
Bilen	135	75	60	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260
Oromo	55	15	40	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780
Somali	615	300	315	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0	0	0	1,400	760	645
Semitic languages	3,665	1,880	1,785	0	0	0	1,015,485	524,700	490,780
Amharic	355	175	180	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395
Arabic	2,685	1,410	1,280	0	0	0	838,045	436,510	401,540
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075
Hebrew	290	165	125	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,135	1,030	1,110	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290
Vietnamese	2,055	980	1,075	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0	0	0	910	455	455
Austronesian languages	10,005	4,785	5,215	65	40	20	793,275	336,445	456,840
Bikol	120	50	75	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	130	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375
Cebuano	605	285	325	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735
Ilocano	1,055	490	565	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400
Indonesian	30	10	25	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0	0	0	860	345	510
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920
Merina	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,565	785	780
Malay	60	45	15	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	80	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,730	4,640	5,090	65	40	20	737,565	310,735	426,830
Waray-Waray	90	55	35	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	330	175	160	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355
Creole languages	365	185	185	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680
Jamaican English Creole	70	40	35	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090
Morisyen	80	35	40	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725
Sango	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,535	785	750
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005
Dravidian languages	1,650	850	795	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325
Kannada	80	35	40	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760
Malayalam	900	465	440	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890
Tamil	440	255	185	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320
Telugu	400	215	185	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110
Tulu	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,765	935	835
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	970	450	520
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360
Indo-European languages	27,325	13,960	13,365	160	85	70	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195
Albanian	260	150	110	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935
Armenian	10	0	0	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,700	1,915	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985
Latvian	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570
Slavic languages	3,575	1,680	1,900	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960
Belarusian	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400
Czech	50	20	25	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050
Polish	365	175	195	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325
Russian	1,610	785	825	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330
Serbo-Croatian	585	290	295	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975
Bosnian	165	85	80	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825
Croatian	290	150	135	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830
Serbian	260	125	135	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500
Slovak	50	20	25	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935
Ukrainian	1,665	750	915	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055
Irish	10	0	0	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	910	495	415
Germanic languages	2,405	1,225	1,185	0	0	0	658,705	319,800	338,905
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350
High German languages	1,770	870	895	0	0	0	453,995	222,215	231,780
German	1,740	860	880	0	0	0	419,195	204,840	214,355
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	490	285	195	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405
Afrikaans	200	130	70	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335
Dutch	250	140	110	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155
Scandinavian languages	180	85	95	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300
Danish	35	20	15	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,475	685	790
Norwegian	75	30	45	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675
Swedish	70	35	35	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,275	720	555
Greek	755	390	365	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375
Indo-Iranian languages	17,290	9,110	8,180	135	80	50	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990
Indo-Aryan languages	16,400	8,620	7,780	120	70	50	1,918,570	989,350	929,220
Assamese	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,155	590	565
Bengali	1,820	915	910	25	10	15	120,605	62,330	58,270
Gujarati	3,340	1,860	1,485	20	15	10	209,415	110,000	99,405
Hindi	7,705	4,100	3,610	100	55	45	761,425	395,410	366,015
Kacchi	30	15	15	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,830	965	865
Konkani	30	20	10	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645
Marathi	260	130	130	15	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020
Nepali	390	205	185	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570
Odia	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,710	925	785
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	1,550	755	795
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,940	3,155	2,785	25	20	0	942,170	488,075	454,090
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420
Sindhi	40	20	15	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400
Urdu	3,945	2,035	1,910	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040
Iranian languages	1,080	590	490	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420
Kurdish	100	40	60	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030
Parsi	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,000	535	470
Pashto	260	145	120	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885
Persian languages	765	425	340	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620
Dari	355	185	170	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0	0	0	1,830	970	855
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895
Italic (Romance) languages	3,635	1,740	1,895	25	10	15	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305
Italian	575	235	340	0	0	0	547,655	263,950	283,705
Portuguese	350	175	175	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880
Romanian	190	115	75	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950
Spanish	2,670	1,285	1,390	15	10	10	1,171,450	548,315	623,135
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940
Japanese	400	175	230	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690
Korean	630	300	330	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455
Niger-Congo languages	3,110	1,590	1,515	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380
Edo	65	40	25	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630
Éwé	35	25	15	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740
Ga	75	55	25	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685
Ganda	45	25	20	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100
Igbo	530	285	240	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210
Lingala	45	30	20	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395
Mòoré	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035
Mwani	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,080	585	490
Ndebele	25	15	10	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755
Shona	30	10	15	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845
Soninke	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,010	650	360
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,305	580	725
Swahili	460	235	225	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380
Wolof	25	10	10	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015
Yoruba	1,280	645	635	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530
Dinka	55	25	30	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275
Sign languages	305	180	125	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850
American Sign Language	250	135	120	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	50	0	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,055	2,965	3,090	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410
Chinese languages	5,315	2,630	2,685	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160
Hakka	10	10	0	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980
Mandarin	4,130	2,050	2,080	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,825	840	980
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600
Yue (Cantonese)	1,570	760	815	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,185	560	625
Tibeto-Burman languages	685	305	380	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345
Burmese	140	60	80	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0	0	0	1,140	520	620
Karenic languages	525	235	290	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915
S'gaw Karen	455	210	250	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	65	25	45	0	0	0	845	395	450
Tibetan	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0	0	0	1,220	540	680
Tai-Kadai languages	245	120	125	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440
Lao	185	105	80	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310
Thai	95	30	65	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	800	330	465
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490
Kazakh	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	600	815
Turkish	170	80	90	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,660	790	875
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165
Uralic languages	315	150	165	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990
Finnish	10	0	0	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590
Hungarian	305	145	160	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,290	11,030	12,260	80	45	30	1,807,250	877,645	929,605
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,710	10,755	11,955	80	45	30	1,743,165	847,385	895,785
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,040	6,565	7,470	55	35	25	1,048,405	506,515	541,890
Métis	8,535	4,140	4,395	20	20	0	624,220	306,220	318,000
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	90	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	370	170	205	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610
Non-Indigenous identity	199,790	98,950	100,840	615	360	260	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,680	5,905	6,780	45	25	15	831,720	402,310	429,405
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	210,395	104,070	106,320	650	380	270	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Owner	61,220	...	...	85	...	...	9,955,975	...	...
Renter	30,915	...	...	305	...	...	4,953,840	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Condominium	14,130	...	...	70	...	...	2,248,280	...	...
Not condominium	78,000	...	...	320	...	...	12,730,660	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...
1 bedroom	10,810	...	...	225	...	...	2,124,485	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,810	...	...	125	...	...	3,829,965	...	...
3 bedrooms	30,900	...	...	10	...	...	4,982,900	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,105	...	...	15	...	...	3,909,525	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,460	...	...	340	...	...	4,662,125	...	...
5 rooms	14,260	...	...	15	...	...	2,323,910	...	...
6 rooms	12,625	...	...	0	...	...	2,037,185	...	...
7 rooms	11,565	...	...	0	...	...	1,796,855	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,220	...	...	15	...	...	4,158,855	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	3.4	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One person or fewer per room	89,080	...	...	335	...	...	14,625,230	...	...
More than one person per room	3,050	...	...	55	...	...	353,715	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Suitable	86,520	...	...	335	...	...	14,173,290	...	...
Not suitable	5,610	...	...	55	...	...	805,650	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
1960 or before	18,285	...	...	105	...	...	3,027,045	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,850	...	...	115	...	...	4,171,840	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,435	...	...	75	...	...	1,982,515	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,825	...	...	10	...	...	1,805,985	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,955	...	...	20	...	...	959,860	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,265	...	...	50	...	...	1,034,925	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,045	...	...	10	...	...	967,540	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,475	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	85,405	...	...	350	...	...	14,059,395	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,725	...	...	40	...	...	919,545	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,865	...	...	275	...	...	7,659,700	...	...
Two-maintainer household	41,225	...	...	100	...	...	6,631,755	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,035	...	...	15	...	...	687,485	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	92,125	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,770	...	...	35	...	...	424,695	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,385	...	...	75	...	...	2,077,895	...	...
35 to 44 years	19,035	...	...	90	...	...	2,600,000	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,265	...	...	70	...	...	2,646,945	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,545	...	...	95	...	...	3,046,560	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,405	...	...	0	...	...	2,432,140	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,640	...	...	10	...	...	1,292,805	...	...
85 years and over	3,085	...	...	10	...	...	457,900	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	91,685	...	...	385	...	...	14,687,350	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	73,980	...	...	305	...	...	11,612,640	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,705	...	...	80	...	...	3,074,715	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,160	...	...	65	...	...	2,742,920	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	92,130	...	...	390	...	...	14,978,940	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,315	...	...	150	...	...	4,379,420	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,445	...	...	65	...	...	2,728,995	...	...
Not suitable only	4,400	...	...	35	...	...	595,110	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,835	...	...	25	...	...	645,465	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	745	...	...	10	...	...	135,770	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,810	...	...	240	...	...	10,599,520	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	90,135	...	...	370	...	...	14,355,555	...	...
In core need	9,285	...	...	40	...	...	1,451,025	...	...
Not in core need	80,850	...	...	330	...	...	12,904,530	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	61,210	...	...	85	...	...	9,807,720	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	58.8	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,020	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,462	...	...	1,100	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,600	...	...	168,000	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,910	...	...	300	...	...	4,936,850	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	23.3	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	25.0	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.1	...	...	14.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,020	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,214	...	...	990	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	223,075	109,975	113,100	690	405	290	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,405	5,765	6,640	30	20	10	985,200	480,950	504,245
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,905	5,555	6,350	30	20	10	963,705	470,850	492,855
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,865	4,575	5,290	25	15	10	763,230	371,400	391,825
Métis single ancestry	1,985	965	1,015	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	500	215	290	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	485	200	290	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,575	5,595	5,975	25	20	10	1,219,285	585,590	633,690
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,995	5,355	5,645	25	20	10	1,183,350	568,980	614,365
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,020	2,945	3,075	15	15	0	801,630	384,550	417,075
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,895	2,375	2,520	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	575	245	335	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	225	305	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0	0	0	330	125	210
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	199,095	98,615	100,480	640	370	270	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	405	290	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	195,205	95,795	99,410	465	280	190	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315
Canadian citizens aged under 18	45,050	22,905	22,140	60	30	30	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	150,155	72,885	77,270	410	250	160	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,865	14,180	13,685	225	125	95	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	405	290	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	171,745	84,035	87,715	410	250	160	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610
Immigrants⁸¹	45,210	22,500	22,710	190	100	85	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340
Before 1980	3,820	1,890	1,930	15	0	10	1,540,610	731,340	809,265
1980 to 1990	1,880	945	930	0	0	0	924,320	443,805	480,520
1991 to 2000	2,670	1,240	1,430	0	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165
2001 to 2010	9,090	4,415	4,670	30	15	20	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,750	14,005	13,750	135	80	55	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055
2011 to 2015	12,835	6,605	6,235	40	30	0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715
2016 to 2021	14,915	7,405	7,510	95	50	50	1,328,240	644,900	683,335
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,115	3,440	2,670	100	55	45	924,850	499,490	425,365
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,210	22,500	22,710	185	100	85	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Under 5 years	4,335	2,280	2,055	20	0	10	748,265	377,795	370,470
5 to 14 years	8,155	4,400	3,755	20	10	10	1,438,440	730,675	707,765
15 to 24 years	7,195	3,230	3,965	10	10	0	1,594,290	720,630	873,660
25 to 44 years	21,815	10,655	11,160	120	65	55	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525
45 years and over	3,705	1,930	1,780	20	15	0	797,180	364,260	432,920
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,210	22,500	22,710	185	100	85	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345
Americas	3,275	1,565	1,705	30	10	15	1,203,180	546,325	656,855
Brazil	100	55	50	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050
Colombia	110	70	40	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900
El Salvador	160	80	85	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015
Guyana	75	35	35	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660
Haiti	20	15	0	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360
Jamaica	675	315	355	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925
Mexico	320	170	150	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370
Peru	30	10	25	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930
United States of America	1,160	500	665	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	240	15	0	10	250,760	116,305	134,460
Europe	5,675	2,870	2,800	0	0	0	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	95	95	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220
Croatia	220	120	100	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560
France	115	45	70	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685
Germany	440	200	235	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915
Greece	265	160	100	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665
Hungary	130	65	65	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450
Italy	290	140	150	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625
Netherlands	200	135	65	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810
Poland	215	95	125	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370
Portugal	35	15	25	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910
Romania	180	90	85	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450
Ukraine	885	405	475	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,380	705	675	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430
Other places of birth in Europe	835	455	375	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790
Africa	6,275	3,265	3,010	0	0	0	821,735	412,365	409,375
Algeria	10	0	10	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	110	110	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340
Egypt	345	175	170	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980
Eritrea	425	220	205	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760
Morocco	35	20	10	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685
Nigeria	2,230	1,165	1,065	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620
Somalia	345	165	180	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900
South Africa, Republic of	325	190	140	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855
Other places of birth in Africa	2,020	1,085	930	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825
Asia	29,845	14,735	15,110	155	85	70	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645
Iraq	195	95	90	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465
Lebanon	75	55	15	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735
Turkey	90	45	50	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435
China⁹⁰	2,905	1,360	1,550	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375
Korea, South⁹²	395	185	210	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325
Taiwan	55	25	25	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635
Philippines	9,835	4,720	5,120	55	30	25	719,580	305,115	414,460
Viet Nam	1,410	640	775	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425
Bangladesh	1,240	665	580	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415
India	7,380	3,820	3,560	65	30	35	898,050	451,120	446,930
Pakistan	2,640	1,335	1,305	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030
Other places of birth in Asia	2,155	1,070	1,085	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	55	85	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,915	7,405	7,510	95	50	45	1,328,240	644,900	683,340
Americas	800	405	390	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215
Brazil	50	30	20	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560
Colombia	15	10	0	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400
Jamaica	240	135	110	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420
Mexico	100	50	45	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745
United States of America	265	110	155	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570
Europe	770	450	315	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120
France	25	15	10	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610
Germany	30	0	20	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350
Italy	10	10	0	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570
Ukraine	160	75	85	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	55	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200
Other places of birth in Europe	295	185	105	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960
Africa	2,760	1,430	1,330	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220
Burundi	10	0	10	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510
Cameroon	25	10	20	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125
Egypt	165	80	85	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835
Eritrea	215	105	110	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970
Morocco	10	10	0	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810
Nigeria	1,410	760	650	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780
Somalia	75	35	40	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315
Tunisia	20	15	0	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715
Asia	10,565	5,110	5,450	95	50	45	823,205	393,110	430,090
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440
Bangladesh	490	245	250	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620
India	3,970	1,970	2,000	55	25	30	246,995	128,205	118,790
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340
Iraq	45	20	25	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875
Israel	20	10	10	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290
Japan	15	0	20	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410
Jordan	60	35	30	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260
Korea, South⁹²	85	30	50	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200
Lebanon	40	30	10	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415
Pakistan	785	400	385	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190
Philippines	2,320	1,085	1,235	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410
Turkey	35	15	20	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085
Viet Nam	320	130	190	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825
Australia	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
First generation¹⁰⁰	52,445	26,425	26,015	290	155	130	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,220	14,020	15,205	90	55	35	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330
Third generation or more¹⁰²	141,410	69,530	71,880	315	195	115	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,390	20,605	20,780	170	100	75	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,700	14,780	13,920	125	80	50	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,780	7,470	4,305	65	20	40	1,556,675	935,790	620,885
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,925	7,310	9,615	65	50	15	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,330	3,050	4,280	50	20	25	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,280	2,740	2,540	0	0	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,390	20,605	20,780	170	100	75	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	315	235	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,905	2,655	2,250	25	0	15	705,405	324,370	381,035
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,255	680	580	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,605	2,150	1,450	10	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	180	80	95	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,895	14,730	16,170	135	85	50	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	223,070	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	57,340	28,975	28,370	350	195	155	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415
South Asian	19,200	10,035	9,165	155	85	65	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275
Chinese	5,880	2,970	2,915	0	0	0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035
Black	9,820	5,040	4,785	10	10	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765
Filipino	11,995	5,750	6,240	100	60	40	957,355	427,755	529,600
Arab	1,995	1,040	960	0	0	0	694,015	362,845	331,170
Latin American	1,410	690	720	25	15	10	580,235	281,030	299,200
Southeast Asian	3,530	1,735	1,800	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220
West Asian	925	495	430	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695
Korean	605	275	330	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285
Japanese	275	120	155	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	175	210	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580
Multiple visible minorities	1,320	655	660	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	165,730	81,000	84,730	340	215	130	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	223,075	109,975	113,095	695	410	285	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310
Canadian	18,775	9,460	9,325	70	45	25	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530
English	41,185	20,070	21,115	65	35	25	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580
Irish	29,090	13,795	15,295	40	20	30	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505
Scottish	34,185	16,635	17,550	60	40	20	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,565	9,015	9,550	45	35	15	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250
German	55,470	26,925	28,545	70	35	35	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230
Chinese	6,350	3,160	3,190	0	0	0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500
Italian	3,005	1,445	1,560	0	0	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140
Indian (India)	9,420	4,985	4,430	125	60	65	1,347,715	691,535	656,185
Ukrainian	25,760	12,385	13,370	40	10	25	1,258,635	612,455	646,175
Dutch	4,735	2,275	2,460	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545
Polish	11,270	5,345	5,925	25	15	0	982,820	472,290	510,525
Québécois	175	80	95	0	0	0	981,635	490,130	491,510
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,060	2,530	2,535	10	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530
Filipino	10,810	5,215	5,600	100	60	45	925,490	414,915	510,570
French Canadian	1,015	540	470	0	0	0	906,315	441,610	464,705
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,960	1,580	1,385	10	0	10	691,260	347,080	344,175
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,090	3,890	4,205	15	10	0	632,340	304,220	328,120
Métis	7,915	3,775	4,140	15	10	0	560,335	271,985	288,350
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,295	1,195	1,100	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850
Russian	6,060	2,930	3,130	15	10	0	548,140	260,075	288,065
Norwegian	9,695	4,615	5,085	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210
Welsh	3,695	1,815	1,880	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230
Portuguese	440	220	220	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535
American	2,240	1,165	1,075	10	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255
Spanish	1,605	690	915	0	0	0	342,040	160,475	181,570
Swedish	5,075	2,390	2,685	20	15	0	334,505	156,840	177,665
Hungarian	8,225	4,050	4,170	15	15	0	320,150	155,755	164,395
Acadian	150	80	75	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675
Pakistani	2,905	1,480	1,425	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,725	905	820	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625
Jewish	750	400	355	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490
Punjabi	1,880	990	890	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330
Vietnamese	2,055	1,015	1,040	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	995	530	465	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500
Greek	1,275	680	590	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160
Jamaican	965	440	525	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,075	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,185	1,935	2,250	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030
Korean	615	285	325	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845
Romanian	4,560	2,215	2,345	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165
Lebanese	295	150	150	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615
Iranian	410	230	180	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	290	255	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540
Danish	2,060	955	1,105	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,060	940	1,120	20	15	0	194,840	94,035	100,810
Sikh	1,170	645	530	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385
Austrian	5,890	2,860	3,030	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800
Belgian	1,595	825	770	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030
Haitian	50	35	15	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495
Mexican	570	300	275	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055
Mennonite	745	365	380	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360
Swiss	780	400	375	10	0	10	145,570	72,015	73,555
Finnish	820	375	450	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240
Croatian	620	320	300	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905
Japanese	365	145	215	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	80	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,180	625	555	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005
Muslim	620	330	285	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525
Egyptian	400	215	185	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395
Tamil	120	65	50	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005
Icelandic	1,290	545	745	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620
Colombian	160	80	80	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560
Moroccan	40	25	10	0	0	0	99,980	50,835	49,150
Czech	1,035	500	530	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430
Syrian	475	200	270	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865
Guyanese	125	45	75	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940
Afghan	460	240	225	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	205	95	110	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250
Serbian	460	220	245	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410
Ojibway	425	185	240	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600
Newfoundlander	80	45	40	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195
Ontarian	90	40	50	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880
Persian	170	100	70	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750
Turkish	225	120	105	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	70	125	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365
Bangladeshi	1,235	635	600	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335
Algerian	30	10	20	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740
Brazilian	200	105	100	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085
Nigerian	1,430	775	655	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860
Armenian	55	25	35	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745
Slovak	345	210	135	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	175	225	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255
Somali	665	290	375	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740
Iraqi	165	85	75	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130
African Caribbean	165	95	70	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475
Algonquin	35	20	15	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530
South African	270	160	110	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955
Australian	240	125	115	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595
Palestinian	55	25	30	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975
Chilean	300	185	115	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165
Congolese	135	85	50	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300
Peruvian	55	15	45	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370
Yoruba	1,145	595	550	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115
Berber	15	0	10	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370
Albanian	195	115	80	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570
Maltese	70	40	20	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455
Macedonian	20	0	15	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940
Slovenian	155	65	90	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	100	80	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435
Gujarati	485	240	240	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385
Eritrean	640	340	305	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110
African Canadian	140	80	65	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250
Israeli	90	45	50	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940
Mohawk	40	25	20	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	450	190	260	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850
Albertan	25	10	20	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065
Barbadian	90	50	40	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175
African American	250	130	125	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	65	105	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930
Tunisian	30	20	10	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	45	70	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995
Cuban	30	20	15	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235
Bosnian	220	105	115	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735
Latvian	95	50	45	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620
Bengali	450	225	225	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580
Guatemalan	35	20	10	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540
Indonesian	80	20	55	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415
Laotian	340	195	150	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375
Ilocano	405	205	200	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715
Northern Irish	100	55	45	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155
British Columbian	35	15	20	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570
Argentinian	20	15	10	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840
Estonian	65	20	50	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375
Kurdish	80	35	45	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460
Fijian	60	30	30	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980
Jatt	110	60	40	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105
Coptic	55	35	20	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165
Thai	185	80	105	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750
Dominican	65	30	30	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510
Nepali	285	155	130	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975
Assyrian	30	25	0	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955
Igbo	595	320	280	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415
Byelorussian	90	50	40	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	35	25	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570
Abenaki	0	0	0	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870
Moldovan	130	65	60	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	15	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330
New Zealander	65	45	20	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470
Sudanese	245	120	125	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665
Breton	0	0	0	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020
Malaysian	55	35	25	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195
Saskatchewanian	1,300	625	675	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280
Buddhist	35	20	20	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360
Norman	25	10	10	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875
Ivorian	25	10	15	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755
Saulteaux	1,360	610	750	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735
Burundian	105	55	55	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120
Mauritian	75	50	30	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730
Kenyan	115	50	60	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915
Vincentian	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445
Jordanian	55	45	10	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170
Manitoban	45	30	15	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885
Rwandan	135	75	60	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740
Grenadian	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930
Malayali	190	105	90	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910
Chaldean	30	10	15	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170
Mayan	35	20	15	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730
Honduran	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550
Cherokee	85	40	45	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775
Flemish	60	30	25	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045
Senegalese	30	20	10	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750
Sicilian	10	10	0	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695
Pashtun	95	45	50	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625
Malay	115	60	55	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065
Goan	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755
Tibetan	15	0	10	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725
Burmese	210	100	110	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760
Mongolian	35	25	15	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850
Azorean	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125
Bamileke	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545
Ugandan	100	60	45	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375
Oromo	45	15	30	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195
Yemeni	10	0	10	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130
Central African	30	20	10	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250
Libyan	40	20	20	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680
Basque	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950
Igorot	170	85	80	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230
Fulani	15	15	0	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800
Guinean	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875
Maliseet	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705
Beninese	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180
Telugu	60	30	35	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945
Roma	45	25	15	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535
Malagasy	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145
Singaporean	45	25	15	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305
Karen	485	250	235	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995
Tajik	20	10	10	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015
Amhara	25	25	0	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	223,075	109,975	113,100	695	410	285	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540
Christian	117,905	54,955	62,955	225	135	90	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,455	8,435	9,020	35	25	10	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995
Anabaptist	470	195	275	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050
Anglican	4,645	2,075	2,565	10	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045
Baptist	2,835	1,320	1,515	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615
Catholic	53,990	25,615	28,375	150	95	50	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010
Christian Orthodox	3,745	1,870	1,880	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955
Jehovah's Witness	915	425	495	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750
Latter Day Saints	520	280	245	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360
Lutheran	10,855	4,935	5,915	15	0	15	328,045	150,115	177,925
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	355	155	200	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,085	1,425	1,660	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155
Presbyterian	920	425	500	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960
Reformed	135	70	65	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620
United Church	12,900	5,400	7,500	10	10	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,080	2,330	2,750	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110
Hindu	6,565	3,480	3,085	85	40	40	828,195	430,135	398,060
Jewish	365	210	155	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070
Muslim	10,360	5,225	5,135	65	50	20	1,775,715	904,205	871,510
Sikh	4,305	2,245	2,065	15	10	0	771,790	394,345	377,445
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,210	470	740	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,555	695	855	10	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370
No religion and secular perspectives	79,020	41,845	37,180	290	170	120	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	220,495	108,695	111,805	685	405	285	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600
Non-movers	187,225	92,215	95,015	510	295	215	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050
Movers	33,270	16,480	16,790	175	110	70	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550
Non-migrants	25,200	12,385	12,815	100	60	40	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005
Migrants	8,070	4,095	3,975	80	50	25	1,813,155	895,610	917,550
Internal migrants	5,610	2,825	2,780	55	30	20	1,519,200	748,025	771,180
Intraprovincial migrants	3,400	1,655	1,740	10	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425
Interprovincial migrants	2,210	1,170	1,040	40	30	20	268,965	135,215	133,750
External migrants	2,460	1,265	1,195	25	20	0	293,955	147,585	146,370
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	209,595	103,240	106,360	660	390	270	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080
Non-movers	121,160	59,805	61,355	310	175	135	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660
Movers	88,435	43,435	45,000	350	215	135	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420
Non-migrants	54,195	26,625	27,570	120	65	55	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460
Migrants	34,235	16,810	17,430	225	145	80	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955
Internal migrants	19,720	9,515	10,205	85	50	35	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755
Intraprovincial migrants	13,090	6,225	6,865	35	10	25	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105
Interprovincial migrants	6,630	3,295	3,340	50	35	15	921,345	459,695	461,650
External migrants	14,520	7,295	7,225	145	100	45	1,692,390	859,195	833,200
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,240	620	375	250	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,155	14,615	12,540	110	55	55	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	153,355	73,655	79,700	515	320	195	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,620	470	300	175	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,580	6,300	4,280	60	45	10	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	109,465	53,130	56,340	415	250	160	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	250	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,650	12,890	11,760	105	50	55	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	56,800	28,460	28,345	180	120	65	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	99,065	46,920	52,145	335	200	135	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,895	23,550	24,345	145	90	50	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,370	10,330	4,040	70	50	15	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,955	3,290	2,665	0	0	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,415	7,045	1,370	60	50	10	1,183,395	983,525	199,870
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,860	10,200	15,665	60	25	35	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,660	3,015	4,650	15	15	0	896,755	372,560	524,195
Bachelor's degree or higher	51,170	23,370	27,795	190	105	85	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955
Bachelor's degree	35,810	16,030	19,780	115	55	55	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,550	1,180	1,370	10	10	0	556,510	243,200	313,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,325	635	690	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105
Master's degree	10,055	4,670	5,385	65	40	25	1,740,605	824,250	916,355
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,430	855	575	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,045	59,425	60,615	470	295	170	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,250	5,345	3,910	55	45	15	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,385	17,465	15,920	140	100	40	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	77,405	36,615	40,795	270	150	120	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	35,120	17,640	17,480	85	45	40	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,760	7,830	2,925	40	25	15	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,360	2,470	1,890	10	0	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,405	5,360	1,040	35	20	10	836,220	693,830	142,395
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,340	7,780	11,560	40	15	20	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,020	2,025	2,995	0	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,290	18,980	23,310	185	105	80	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215
Bachelor's degree	29,285	12,985	16,300	105	55	50	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,060	940	1,115	15	10	0	430,875	179,230	251,645
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,135	495	640	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615
Master's degree	8,730	3,935	4,795	65	40	25	1,446,435	659,295	787,145
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,080	620	460	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	255	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,450	41,350	40,100	285	175	115	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900
Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	0	0	0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
13. Education	7,905	2,060	5,845	0	0	0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,565	1,175	1,395	0	0	0	631,255	274,065	357,190
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	255	120	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395
50. Visual and performing arts	2,195	920	1,275	0	0	0	556,470	220,680	335,790
Humanities	4,645	1,810	2,835	10	0	0	926,560	354,120	572,440
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	95	280	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885
23. English language and literature/letters	1,130	345	785	10	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,285	425	860	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095
38. Philosophy and religious studies	365	175	190	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700
39. Theology and religious vocations	710	410	300	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365
54. History	610	325	285	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,225	3,530	5,695	40	20	20	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	505	590	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,295	100	1,195	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240
22. Legal professions and studies	1,415	690	720	20	20	0	325,785	115,335	210,445
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	75	105	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850
42. Psychology	1,925	555	1,370	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665
45. Social sciences	3,145	1,565	1,580	20	0	20	705,540	336,960	368,580
Business, management and public administration	24,945	9,745	15,200	40	20	20	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,245	630	1,615	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,670	9,105	13,565	40	20	20	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,065	1,485	1,580	0	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	535	680	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	645	270	370	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430
40. Physical sciences	970	605	365	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	135	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,390	3,565	1,825	50	40	10	804,230	531,435	272,795
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,560	3,200	1,360	50	40	10	643,145	454,370	188,775
25. Library science	205	45	165	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985
27. Mathematics and statistics	545	280	265	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,420	17,495	1,930	105	85	20	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900
04. Architecture and related services	510	325	190	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090
14. Engineering	5,200	4,190	1,010	45	45	0	900,475	723,080	177,395
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,945	3,545	400	20	15	10	726,155	638,355	87,800
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	580	190	390
46. Construction trades	4,730	4,600	130	10	10	0	703,905	683,060	20,845
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,065	3,005	55	10	10	0	659,480	640,895	18,590
48. Precision production	1,970	1,825	145	15	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,690	1,015	675	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,275	735	540	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115
Health and related fields	15,520	3,105	12,415	50	10	40	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	575	565	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,955	2,310	11,645	50	10	40	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	395	205	190	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,685	1,940	2,745	15	10	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,000	670	2,325	15	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690
43. Security and protective services	1,055	685	370	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905
49. Transportation and materials moving	615	570	40	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,045	59,425	60,620	470	300	175	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,635	22,815	19,825	200	145	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990
13. Education	5,340	1,335	4,005	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,060	945	1,120	0	0	0	490,455	210,500	279,955
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475
50. Visual and performing arts	1,790	750	1,040	0	0	0	435,815	172,330	263,480
Humanities	3,460	1,325	2,130	10	0	0	649,695	241,235	408,465
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835
23. English language and literature/letters	870	270	595	10	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	345	670	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	40	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	115	155	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990
39. Theology and religious vocations	460	280	185	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675
54. History	450	220	230	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,510	2,780	4,730	45	20	25	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	130	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	465	490	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,055	95	960	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875
22. Legal professions and studies	1,120	505	615	20	20	0	261,265	82,850	178,420
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	80	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670
42. Psychology	1,430	365	1,060	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365
45. Social sciences	2,645	1,260	1,375	20	0	20	549,090	254,250	294,840
Business, management and public administration	20,160	7,790	12,370	40	20	20	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,830	475	1,355	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,305	7,305	11,000	40	20	20	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,445	1,140	1,300	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	395	565	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	500	205	300	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580
40. Physical sciences	795	490	310	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	105	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,530	2,970	1,565	35	25	0	667,305	445,970	221,330
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,930	2,730	1,200	35	25	0	554,185	392,835	161,350
25. Library science	155	30	120	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	175	215	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	70	35	35	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,215	13,570	1,650	70	55	20	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420
04. Architecture and related services	395	225	170	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605
14. Engineering	4,375	3,485	890	40	35	0	724,235	568,385	155,850
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,075	2,720	350	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	160	350
46. Construction trades	3,565	3,465	100	10	10	0	510,105	493,000	17,100
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,310	2,270	35	10	10	0	467,225	452,385	14,840
48. Precision production	1,505	1,395	105	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,290	720	565	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	485	440	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	235	125	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040
Health and related fields	11,675	2,490	9,185	40	10	25	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	435	395	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,490	1,885	8,605	40	10	25	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	340	165	170	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,720	1,550	2,170	15	10	10	772,450	399,835	372,615
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,385	560	1,820	15	0	10	414,520	112,935	301,590
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435
43. Security and protective services	835	530	305	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	465	35	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,045	59,425	60,620	470	300	175	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,635	22,815	19,825	200	145	50	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	77,410	36,615	40,790	270	150	120	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100
Location of study inside Canada	59,170	27,790	31,385	120	70	50	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130
Same as province or territory of residence	48,815	22,545	26,265	105	60	50	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830
Different than province or territory of residence	10,355	5,235	5,120	15	10	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,235	8,830	9,410	155	80	70	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970
Americas	1,745	870	870	0	0	0	483,810	238,040	245,775
United States of America	1,265	670	595	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435
Mexico	80	35	40	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230
Cuba	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070
Haiti	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970
Jamaica	120	45	75	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670
Brazil	105	55	45	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605
Colombia	35	10	25	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295
Peru	10	0	10	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425
Europe	1,865	1,030	830	0	0	0	543,725	281,205	262,520
Belgium	20	15	0	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535
France	50	25	20	0	0	0	97,770	53,930	43,840
Germany	70	55	15	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380
Netherlands	35	25	0	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765
Switzerland	10	0	0	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050
Hungary	20	0	10	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890
Poland	20	10	10	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100
Romania	30	10	15	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845
Ukraine	425	205	225	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775
Ireland⁹⁶	90	45	40	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	385	215	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115
Italy	30	15	0	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560
Africa	1,670	845	825	0	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805
Nigeria	915	460	455	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880
Algeria	0	0	0	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210
Morocco	0	0	0	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510
Tunisia	15	10	0	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555
Egypt	135	60	75	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115
South Africa, Republic of	135	70	60	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160
Other locations of study in Africa	475	235	240	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385
Asia	12,760	5,955	6,805	145	75	70	1,352,215	594,805	757,410
Iran⁸⁸	180	90	95	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450
Iraq	40	20	20	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265
Israel	50	20	30	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630
Lebanon	20	10	10	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520
Turkey	25	15	15	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260
China⁹⁰	1,140	515	625	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720
Taiwan	25	10	15	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875
Japan	55	15	40	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325
Korea, South⁹²	165	60	110	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000
Philippines	4,280	1,885	2,400	35	20	20	305,795	115,370	190,420
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995
India	4,490	2,230	2,255	75	35	40	405,850	199,380	206,475
Pakistan	985	470	520	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735
Oceania	200	125	75	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460
Australia	170	115	55	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250
New Zealand	20	10	10	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,655	930	730
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	250	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670
In the labour force	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	245	140	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070
Employed	109,630	56,600	53,035	330	210	120	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025
Unemployed	12,055	6,555	5,495	55	35	20	1,988,645	999,600	989,045
Not in the labour force	58,825	25,115	33,710	240	125	110	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605
Participation rate	67.4	71.5	63.5	61.6	66.2	56.0	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	60.7	64.1	57.5	52.8	56.8	48.0	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.4	9.4	14.3	14.3	14.3	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	180,515	88,270	92,245	625	370	255	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60,505	26,655	33,845	245	135	110	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170
Worked	120,010	61,610	58,395	380	235	140	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	68,355	37,005	31,350	185	120	65	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	51,650	24,605	27,045	200	120	75	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.7	41.5	42.3	45.2	37.6	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	240	140	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	30	15	10	486,865	237,950	248,915
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	355	225	130	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
Employee	105,420	53,550	51,870	335	220	115	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375
Permanent position	87,510	45,135	42,370	295	195	95	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310
Temporary position	17,910	8,410	9,495	40	25	15	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,670	2,425	3,240	15	15	0	867,740	386,965	480,775
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,245	5,990	6,255	25	15	10	1,804,030	885,740	918,285
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,755	7,715	5,040	20	0	15	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	240	140	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	30	15	10	486,865	237,950	248,915
All occupations¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	355	225	130	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,255	805	460	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,435	7,285	15,150	35	25	15	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,310	7,170	2,140	40	30	15	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595
3 Health occupations	10,485	2,050	8,435	45	15	35	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,865	5,645	10,215	25	10	15	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,845	1,270	1,575	0	0	0	596,785	275,420	321,360
6 Sales and service occupations	31,200	14,620	16,575	150	105	50	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,595	18,065	1,525	35	35	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,960	1,525	425	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,240	2,830	405	0	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	121,685	63,155	58,530	385	240	140	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,515	1,890	1,625	30	15	10	486,865	237,950	248,915
All industries¹⁹¹	118,175	61,265	56,905	355	225	130	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,150	830	325	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,070	895	180	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425
22 Utilities	1,910	1,175	735	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270
23 Construction	8,340	7,270	1,075	10	10	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025
31-33 Manufacturing	5,315	4,505	810	20	10	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330
41 Wholesale trade	4,300	3,270	1,030	15	10	0	610,295	406,960	203,335
44-45 Retail trade	14,000	7,325	6,670	65	60	0	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,075	4,160	915	10	10	0	981,030	742,515	238,515
51 Information and cultural industries	3,115	1,800	1,315	0	0	0	400,460	237,940	162,520
52 Finance and insurance	6,890	2,805	4,085	15	0	10	815,225	358,145	457,080
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,020	1,125	895	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,170	4,100	3,065	30	25	10	1,571,160	877,780	693,380
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	80	105	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,350	2,555	1,795	25	10	10	792,600	457,880	334,725
61 Educational services	8,490	2,875	5,620	10	10	0	1,413,320	436,645	976,670
62 Health care and social assistance	17,380	3,510	13,875	65	20	50	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,295	1,180	1,110	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500
72 Accommodation and food services	7,620	3,635	3,990	50	35	20	1,085,270	478,000	607,270
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,695	2,645	3,055	0	0	0	797,935	373,775	424,165
91 Public administration	11,795	5,535	6,260	20	15	10	1,188,915	598,780	590,135
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	128,280	65,940	62,345	440	250	185	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
English	123,425	63,645	59,780	430	250	180	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855
French	390	125	265	0	0	0	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420
Non-official language	575	275	300	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345
Non-Indigenous	575	275	300	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345
English and French	1,190	420	765	0	0	0	1,682,510	859,635	822,870
English and non-official language(s)	2,580	1,405	1,175	10	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	128,280	65,940	62,345	440	250	185	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
Single responses	127,580	65,595	61,990	440	250	185	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810
Official languages	126,620	65,080	61,540	440	250	185	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175
English	125,900	64,880	61,020	440	250	185	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105
French	725	205	515	0	0	0	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070
Non-official languages	965	515	450	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Non-Indigenous languages	955	510	450	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955
Berber languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10
Kabyle	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	10
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120
Arabic	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20
Hebrew	0	0	0	0	0	0	585	240	340
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	495	215	285
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Ilocano	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	90	70
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	20
Creole languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	185	210
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	375	170	205
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10
Malayalam	0	0	0	0	0	0	250	140	110
Tamil	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35
Indo-European languages	230	115	120	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335
Albanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140
Armenian	0	0	0	0	0	0	530	295	235
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	55	90
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15
Polish	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265
Russian	20	0	15	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,265	620	650
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
High German languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790
German	10	10	0	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135
Yiddish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,050	520	530
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40
Dutch	0	0	0	0	0	0	965	515	440
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	100	85
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25
Swedish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Greek	10	0	10	0	0	0	875	445	430
Indo-Iranian languages	165	85	85	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100
Bengali	0	0	0	0	0	0	645	290	355
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	1,115	515	600
Hindi	15	15	0	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25
Urdu	15	10	10	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35
Pashto	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	70	60
Persian languages	35	20	20	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285
Dari	10	10	0	0	0	0	800	445	360
Iranian Persian	25	10	20	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	595	400	195
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0
Italian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,625	730	900
Portuguese	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895
Romanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	375	310
Spanish	15	0	10	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20
Japanese	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340
Korean	25	10	15	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	210	200
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10
Lingala	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	95	55
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15
Sign languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0	0	0	1,590	620	970
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0	0	0	285	110	180
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25
Mandarin	375	215	160	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	210	270
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0	0	0	460	240	220
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0	0	0	295	175	125
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0	0	0	135	85	50
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0	0	0	120	80	45
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	310	450
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50
Thai	0	0	0	0	0	0	670	275	395
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,345	695	650
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25
Turkish	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	660	615
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	215	270
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65
Hungarian	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	160
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10
Multiple responses	695	340	360	0	0	0	453,880	231,205	222,675
English and French	140	50	90	0	0	0	321,975	163,305	158,675
English and non-official language(s)	550	285	260	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	128,280	65,940	62,345	440	250	185	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490
None	124,985	64,310	60,670	430	250	180	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935
English	640	275	365	0	0	0	902,625	474,755	427,875
French	740	295	445	0	0	0	589,755	288,955	300,800
Non-official language	1,485	825	660	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450
Non-Indigenous	1,455	815	635	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885
English and French	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	210	150
Multiple non-official languages	330	175	160	10	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	109,630	56,595	53,035	330	210	120	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020
Worked at home	22,315	10,145	12,170	60	30	25	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705
Worked outside Canada	195	155	40	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035
No fixed workplace address	12,175	9,390	2,790	40	25	15	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415
Usual place of work	74,950	36,915	38,035	240	155	85	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	74,950	36,915	38,035	240	155	85	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,510	32,415	36,095	230	150	75	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,880	3,500	1,380	10	0	0	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,145	710	435	0	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285
Commute to a different province or territory	410	285	125	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	87,130	46,305	40,825	275	180	95	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Car, truck or van	78,595	42,710	35,885	200	135	65	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825
Car, truck or van - as a driver	72,605	40,890	31,715	150	105	45	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,985	1,820	4,165	50	35	15	844,155	343,100	501,050
Public transit	3,145	1,210	1,935	15	10	10	1,000,510	422,270	578,235
Walked	3,160	1,320	1,840	50	30	25	672,815	296,610	376,205
Bicycle	505	340	165	0	0	0	138,615	92,195	46,415
Other method	1,730	720	1,010	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	87,130	46,305	40,825	275	180	95	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Less than 15 minutes	36,430	18,265	18,165	140	90	50	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185
15 to 29 minutes	41,820	22,725	19,095	120	80	40	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285
30 to 44 minutes	5,240	3,075	2,160	10	0	0	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670
45 to 59 minutes	1,820	1,075	745	0	0	0	910,610	542,485	368,125
60 minutes and over	1,815	1,165	650	0	0	0	926,120	599,115	327,005
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	87,130	46,305	40,825	275	180	95	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,030	2,925	1,100	15	10	10	938,820	701,960	236,865
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,970	8,550	5,420	25	25	0	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,895	14,460	13,430	90	45	40	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,230	8,110	9,125	40	25	15	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,260	4,605	5,655	35	20	15	1,661,340	740,915	920,430
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,745	7,655	6,090	70	55	15	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	51,095	26,135	24,950	85	40	40	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,960	2,015	1,945	10	5	5	897,205	456,120	441,085
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	47,130	24,120	23,005	70	35	40	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,465	18,790	17,670	35	20	15	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,030	1,555	1,475	5	5	5	682,190	346,420	335,770
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,175	1,075	1,105	5	5	0	467,685	234,475	233,215
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	855	485	375	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,435	17,240	16,200	30	15	10	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 18, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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