Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
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Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
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Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
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Population and dwelling counts
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GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic St. Theresa Point, Indian reserve (IRI)More information:
Manitoba
[Census subdivision]
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Counts Rates Counts Rates Counts Rates
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 3,417 ... ... ... ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... ... ... ... 1,342,153 ... ... ... ... ...
Population, 20161 3,262 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ... 1,278,365 ... ... ... ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 4.8 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.2 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 636 ... ... ... ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... ... ... ... 571,528 ... ... ... ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 616 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... ... ... ... 518,054 ... ... ... ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 23.1 ... ... 23.1 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 147.93 ... ... ... ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... ... ... ... 540,310.19 ... ... ... ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 3,415 1,700 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,342,150 666,490 675,660 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 1,320 650 670 38.7 38.2 39.0 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 16.3 16.9 15.6 252,935 129,850 123,085 18.8 19.5 18.2
0 to 4 years 395 175 215 11.6 10.3 12.5 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 5.0 5.2 4.8 80,435 41,145 39,290 6.0 6.2 5.8
5 to 9 years 435 225 215 12.7 13.2 12.5 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 5.6 5.8 5.3 86,250 44,515 41,735 6.4 6.7 6.2
10 to 14 years 485 250 240 14.2 14.7 14.0 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 5.7 6.0 5.5 86,250 44,190 42,060 6.4 6.6 6.2
15 to 64 years 1,980 975 1,000 58.0 57.4 58.1 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 64.8 65.4 64.2 860,165 432,385 427,780 64.1 64.9 63.3
15 to 19 years 390 190 205 11.4 11.2 11.9 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 5.4 5.7 5.2 80,905 41,945 38,965 6.0 6.3 5.8
20 to 24 years 290 150 145 8.5 8.8 8.4 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 6.0 6.2 5.7 91,415 48,255 43,160 6.8 7.2 6.4
25 to 29 years 245 130 115 7.2 7.6 6.7 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 6.5 6.7 6.4 90,470 46,240 44,230 6.7 6.9 6.5
30 to 34 years 205 95 115 6.0 5.6 6.7 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 6.8 6.9 6.7 91,805 45,805 46,000 6.8 6.9 6.8
35 to 39 years 190 95 90 5.6 5.6 5.2 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 6.8 6.8 6.8 90,150 44,695 45,450 6.7 6.7 6.7
40 to 44 years 175 85 85 5.1 5.0 4.9 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 6.5 6.5 6.5 84,530 41,690 42,840 6.3 6.3 6.3
45 to 49 years 140 60 75 4.1 3.5 4.4 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 6.2 6.2 6.3 80,235 39,915 40,320 6.0 6.0 6.0
50 to 54 years 145 70 75 4.2 4.1 4.4 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 6.4 6.4 6.4 78,210 38,715 39,490 5.8 5.8 5.8
55 to 59 years 100 50 45 2.9 2.9 2.6 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 7.2 7.1 7.2 87,295 43,040 44,255 6.5 6.5 6.5
60 to 64 years 90 40 55 2.6 2.4 3.2 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 7.0 6.9 7.0 85,155 42,080 43,075 6.3 6.3 6.4
65 years and over 115 70 55 3.4 4.1 3.2 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 19.0 17.7 20.2 229,050 104,255 124,795 17.1 15.6 18.5
65 to 69 years 60 30 25 1.8 1.8 1.5 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 6.0 5.8 6.1 73,060 35,565 37,495 5.4 5.3 5.5
70 to 74 years 30 20 10 0.9 1.2 0.6 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 5.0 4.8 5.2 59,955 28,295 31,665 4.5 4.2 4.7
75 to 79 years 15 5 5 0.4 0.3 0.3 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 3.4 3.2 3.6 39,885 18,500 21,385 3.0 2.8 3.2
80 to 84 years 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 840,545 370,905 469,645 2.3 2.0 2.5 26,890 11,700 15,185 2.0 1.8 2.2
85 years and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 861,395 319,540 541,860 2.3 1.8 2.9 29,255 10,190 19,065 2.2 1.5 2.8
85 to 89 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525,445 212,735 312,705 1.4 1.2 1.7 17,200 6,610 10,585 1.3 1.0 1.6
90 to 94 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 258,035 87,300 170,735 0.7 0.5 0.9 8,970 2,845 6,125 0.7 0.4 0.9
95 to 99 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,380 17,670 50,715 0.2 0.1 0.3 2,640 650 1,995 0.2 0.1 0.3
100 years and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 445 85 360 0.0 0.0 0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 38.7 38.2 39.0 38.7 38.2 39.0 16.3 16.9 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.6 18.8 19.5 18.2 18.8 19.5 18.2
15 to 64 years 58.0 57.4 58.1 58.0 57.4 58.1 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.8 65.4 64.2 64.1 64.9 63.3 64.1 64.9 63.3
65 years and over 3.4 4.1 3.2 3.4 4.1 3.2 19.0 17.7 20.2 19.0 17.7 20.2 17.1 15.6 18.5 17.1 15.6 18.5
85 years and over 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.2 1.5 2.8 2.2 1.5 2.8
Average age of the population 25.1 25.2 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.0 41.9 41.0 42.8 41.9 41.0 42.8 39.7 38.7 40.7 39.7 38.7 40.7
Median age of the population 19.8 20.2 19.6 19.8 20.2 19.6 41.6 40.4 42.8 41.6 40.4 42.8 38.4 37.2 39.6 38.4 37.2 39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 615 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Single-detached house 580 ... ... 94.3 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 52.6 ... ... 343,990 ... ... 66.4 ... ...
Semi-detached house 10 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 18,185 ... ... 3.5 ... ...
Row house 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 19,725 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 10 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 5.5 ... ... 7,445 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 10 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 18.3 ... ... 74,865 ... ... 14.5 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 10.7 ... ... 43,665 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
Other single-attached house 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0.2 ... ... 600 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 9,590 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 person 45 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 146,225 ... ... 28.2 ... ...
2 persons 60 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 34.2 ... ... 173,990 ... ... 33.6 ... ...
3 persons 65 ... ... 10.5 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 14.7 ... ... 74,615 ... ... 14.4 ... ...
4 persons 70 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 13.4 ... ... 69,480 ... ... 13.4 ... ...
5 or more persons 380 ... ... 61.3 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 8.4 ... ... 53,740 ... ... 10.4 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 3,415 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,220 656,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
Average household size 5.6 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 2,100 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,089,215 536,645 552,575 100.0 100.0 100.0
Married or living common-law 875 445 430 41.7 42.6 40.8 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 56.9 58.2 55.6 616,260 307,545 308,715 56.6 57.3 55.9
Married 735 370 365 35.0 35.4 34.6 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 44.3 45.3 43.3 515,480 257,300 258,185 47.3 47.9 46.7
Living common-law 145 70 70 6.9 6.7 6.6 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 12.6 12.9 12.3 100,785 50,250 50,535 9.3 9.4 9.1
Living common law - Never married 130 70 60 6.2 6.7 5.7 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 9.6 9.8 9.4 75,340 37,700 37,640 6.9 7.0 6.8
Living common law - Separated 5 5 0 0.2 0.5 0.0 123,830 65,045 58,785 0.4 0.4 0.4 4,135 2,140 1,995 0.4 0.4 0.4
Living common law - Divorced 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 721,715 365,760 355,950 2.3 2.4 2.2 19,035 9,465 9,565 1.7 1.8 1.7
Living common law - Widowed 5 0 5 0.2 0.0 0.5 87,165 36,860 50,300 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,275 940 1,330 0.2 0.2 0.2
Not married and not living common-law 1,220 600 620 58.1 57.4 58.8 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 43.1 41.8 44.4 472,955 229,095 243,860 43.4 42.7 44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married 1,010 515 500 48.1 49.3 47.4 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 29.1 32.2 26.2 330,855 181,470 149,385 30.4 33.8 27.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated 95 40 50 4.5 3.8 4.7 741,135 319,045 422,090 2.4 2.1 2.7 24,470 10,900 13,565 2.2 2.0 2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 20 10 10 1.0 1.0 0.9 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 6.2 5.0 7.3 57,440 23,780 33,665 5.3 4.4 6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 100 35 65 4.8 3.3 6.2 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 5.4 2.4 8.2 60,190 12,945 47,250 5.5 2.4 8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 775 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 359,585 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
2 persons 250 ... ... 32.3 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 51.7 ... ... 179,345 ... ... 49.9 ... ...
3 persons 150 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 73,610 ... ... 20.5 ... ...
4 persons 105 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 67,475 ... ... 18.8 ... ...
5 or more persons 275 ... ... 35.5 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 39,150 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
Average size of census families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 2.8 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 780 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 359,585 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total couple families 425 ... ... 54.5 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 83.6 ... ... 298,295 ... ... 83.0 ... ...
Married couples 355 ... ... 45.5 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 64.6 ... ... 247,900 ... ... 68.9 ... ...
With children6 290 ... ... 37.2 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 33.9 ... ... 133,760 ... ... 37.2 ... ...
Without children 65 ... ... 8.3 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 114,140 ... ... 31.7 ... ...
Common-law couples 70 ... ... 9.0 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 19.0 ... ... 50,390 ... ... 14.0 ... ...
With children6 50 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 7.9 ... ... 20,505 ... ... 5.7 ... ...
Without children 20 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 11.1 ... ... 29,885 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
Total one-parent families 350 ... ... 44.9 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 16.4 ... ... 61,295 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 240 ... ... 30.8 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 12.7 ... ... 46,900 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 110 ... ... 14.1 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 14,390 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 3,415 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,215 656,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total - Persons in census families 3,115 1,535 1,580 91.2 90.6 91.9 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 81.1 81.5 80.8 1,067,425 530,695 536,730 81.7 81.6 81.7
Married spouses or common-law partners 850 425 425 24.9 25.1 24.7 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 47.2 47.8 46.6 596,590 297,940 298,645 45.6 45.8 45.5
Parents in one-parent families 350 105 240 10.2 6.2 14.0 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 4.6 2.1 7.1 61,290 14,395 46,900 4.7 2.2 7.1
Children6 1,910 1,000 910 55.9 59.0 52.9 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 29.3 31.5 27.1 409,545 218,365 191,185 31.3 33.6 29.1
In a two-parent family 1,075 550 525 31.5 32.4 30.5 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 22.1 23.6 20.6 306,475 162,400 144,075 23.4 25.0 21.9
In a one-parent family 835 450 385 24.5 26.5 22.4 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 7.2 7.9 6.5 103,070 55,965 47,110 7.9 8.6 7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 305 160 145 8.9 9.4 8.4 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 18.9 18.5 19.2 239,765 119,525 120,240 18.3 18.4 18.3
Living alone 45 40 0 1.3 2.4 0.0 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 12.1 11.4 12.8 146,225 68,910 77,315 11.2 10.6 11.8
Living with other relatives7 235 115 125 6.9 6.8 7.3 927,345 393,085 534,260 2.6 2.2 2.9 42,720 20,255 22,460 3.3 3.1 3.4
Living with non-relatives only 25 10 10 0.7 0.6 0.6 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 4.2 4.9 3.5 50,815 30,360 20,455 3.9 4.7 3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 615 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,050 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 295 ... ... 48.0 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 59.6 ... ... 313,500 ... ... 60.5 ... ...
Couple-family households 230 ... ... 37.4 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 50.9 ... ... 268,430 ... ... 51.8 ... ...
With children6 205 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 25.3 ... ... 137,200 ... ... 26.5 ... ...
Without children 25 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 131,230 ... ... 25.3 ... ...
One-parent-family households 70 ... ... 11.4 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 8.7 ... ... 45,070 ... ... 8.7 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 190 ... ... 30.9 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 14,025 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 20 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 2,815 ... ... 0.5 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 45 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 17,525 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 20 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 23,950 ... ... 4.6 ... ...
One-person households 45 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 29.3 ... ... 146,225 ... ... 28.2 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,000 990 1,010 95.5 94.7 95.7 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5 1,023,160 504,825 518,335 96.7 96.6 96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 16,600 12,600 20,800 16,600 12,600 20,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 39,200 44,000 35,600 39,200 44,000 35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 2,000 990 1,010 95.5 94.7 95.7 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 96.4 96.4 96.5 1,023,830 505,175 518,655 96.7 96.7 96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 16,600 12,600 20,800 16,600 12,600 20,800 36,800 40,800 33,600 36,800 40,800 33,600 35,200 38,400 32,000 35,200 38,400 32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 990 535 455 47.3 51.2 43.1 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 85.9 87.5 84.2 906,495 455,895 450,600 85.6 87.2 84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 25,200 23,200 25,600 25,200 23,200 25,600 35,200 42,400 29,200 35,200 42,400 29,200 34,000 40,800 27,800 34,000 40,800 27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 965 525 440 46.1 50.2 41.7 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 69.6 73.4 66.1 743,325 387,385 355,940 70.2 74.1 66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 25,000 23,400 25,600 25,000 23,400 25,600 37,200 43,200 32,000 37,200 43,200 32,000 35,600 41,200 30,200 35,600 41,200 30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,935 945 985 92.4 90.4 93.4 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 83.7 81.2 86.2 934,305 455,520 478,785 88.3 87.2 89.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 4,560 2,380 9,900 4,560 2,380 9,900 9,800 8,500 11,000 9,800 8,500 11,000 7,950 5,120 9,800 7,950 5,120 9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 125 95 40 6.0 9.1 3.8 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 10.5 10.4 10.6 113,175 54,570 58,610 10.7 10.4 10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,000 6,280 6,000 6,000 6,280 6,000 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,440 5,480 5,280 5,440 5,480 5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 555 295 260 26.5 28.2 24.6 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 27.6 27.9 27.4 254,050 120,985 133,060 24.0 23.2 24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,500 6,000 7,500 6,500 6,000 7,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,000 990 1,010 95.5 94.7 95.7 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 96.4 96.3 96.5 1,024,110 505,340 518,765 96.8 96.7 96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 24,300 20,880 27,650 24,300 20,880 27,650 54,450 62,650 46,560 54,450 62,650 46,560 49,240 55,950 42,720 49,240 55,950 42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 2,000 990 1,010 95.5 94.7 95.7 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 96.4 96.4 96.5 1,024,740 505,665 519,075 96.8 96.8 96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 24,160 20,760 27,450 24,160 20,760 27,450 44,920 50,320 39,680 44,920 50,320 39,680 40,640 45,080 36,360 40,640 45,080 36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 990 535 455 47.3 51.2 43.1 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 85.9 87.6 84.2 907,455 456,870 450,590 85.7 87.4 84.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,000 28,200 32,000 30,000 28,200 32,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 45,240 53,300 37,040 45,240 53,300 37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 965 525 440 46.1 50.2 41.7 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 69.6 73.4 66.0 743,345 387,980 355,360 70.2 74.3 66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 29,350 27,500 31,500 29,350 27,500 31,500 50,280 58,050 42,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 45,400 52,100 38,040 45,400 52,100 38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,930 945 990 92.1 90.4 93.8 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 83.7 81.2 86.2 935,570 456,400 479,175 88.4 87.3 89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,780 5,890 13,480 9,780 5,890 13,480 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,170 10,180 12,060 10,040 8,600 11,420 10,040 8,600 11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 125 95 35 6.0 9.1 3.3 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 10.5 10.4 10.6 112,945 54,695 58,245 10.7 10.5 10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,800 7,700 8,500 7,800 7,700 8,500 7,050 6,710 7,370 7,050 6,710 7,370 6,470 6,300 6,620 6,470 6,300 6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 555 295 260 26.5 28.2 24.6 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 27.5 27.8 27.3 252,860 120,805 132,055 23.9 23.1 24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 7,920 7,550 8,300 7,920 7,550 8,300 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,710 8,570 8,840 8,710 8,570 8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 545 305 245 26.0 29.2 23.2 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 32.7 37.0 28.6 366,740 211,220 155,520 34.7 40.4 29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 34,800 34,800 34,800 34,800 34,800 34,800 63,600 69,000 58,000 63,600 69,000 58,000 56,800 61,200 52,000 56,800 61,200 52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 40,200 38,800 42,000 40,200 38,800 42,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 66,900 72,700 59,050 66,900 72,700 59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 145 80 70 6.9 7.7 6.6 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 27.8 26.8 28.7 285,105 131,295 153,805 26.9 25.1 28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 8,000 6,080 11,200 8,000 6,080 11,200 18,400 21,000 16,600 18,400 21,000 16,600 17,800 19,400 16,600 17,800 19,400 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 15,000 13,200 17,000 15,000 13,200 17,000 29,160 33,960 24,860 29,160 33,960 24,860 26,440 30,120 23,280 26,440 30,120 23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 61.2 73.0 52.4 61.2 73.0 52.4 82.2 86.4 76.8 82.2 86.4 76.8 81.4 86.2 75.4 81.4 86.2 75.4
Employment income (%)19 58.2 70.0 49.6 58.2 70.0 49.6 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.8 71.6 61.0 66.8 71.6 61.0
Government transfers (%)20 38.9 26.9 47.8 38.9 26.9 47.8 17.8 13.7 23.1 17.8 13.7 23.1 18.6 13.9 24.7 18.6 13.9 24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%) 2.1 3.4 1.0 2.1 3.4 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 11.7 12.6 11.0 11.7 12.6 11.0 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.5 4.4 6.8 5.5 4.4 6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 9.0 10.8 7.7 9.0 10.8 7.7 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.4 3.7 5.3 4.4 3.7 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 2,100 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without total income 95 50 45 4.5 4.8 4.3 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 3.6 3.7 3.5 35,275 17,750 17,525 3.3 3.4 3.3
With total income 2,000 990 1,010 95.2 94.7 95.7 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 96.4 96.3 96.5 1,023,160 504,830 518,335 96.7 96.6 96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss) 810 465 345 40.5 47.0 34.2 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 8.3 7.4 9.2 101,540 48,555 52,980 9.9 9.6 10.2
$10,000 to $19,999 285 140 150 14.3 14.1 14.9 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 11.8 10.1 13.4 118,240 49,740 68,505 11.6 9.9 13.2
$20,000 to $29,999 270 120 150 13.5 12.1 14.9 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 15.9 14.1 17.5 161,905 68,870 93,030 15.8 13.6 17.9
$30,000 to $39,999 230 105 120 11.5 10.6 11.9 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 12.7 11.5 13.9 138,225 60,295 77,930 13.5 11.9 15.0
$40,000 to $49,999 115 50 70 5.8 5.1 6.9 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 11.3 10.7 11.8 124,755 58,530 66,225 12.2 11.6 12.8
$50,000 to $59,999 90 30 60 4.5 3.0 5.9 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 9.2 9.1 9.2 97,815 49,730 48,085 9.6 9.9 9.3
$60,000 to $69,999 45 20 25 2.3 2.0 2.5 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 7.1 7.6 6.6 72,980 40,630 32,350 7.1 8.0 6.2
$70,000 to $79,999 40 15 25 2.0 1.5 2.5 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 5.4 6.2 4.7 53,950 31,710 22,240 5.3 6.3 4.3
$80,000 to $89,999 25 10 15 1.3 1.0 1.5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 4.2 4.9 3.6 41,095 24,190 16,905 4.0 4.8 3.3
$90,000 to $99,999 35 15 15 1.8 1.5 1.5 965,950 553,435 412,510 3.3 3.9 2.8 32,150 18,190 13,960 3.1 3.6 2.7
$100,000 and over 55 15 40 2.8 1.5 4.0 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10.8 14.5 7.3 80,510 54,380 26,125 7.9 10.8 5.0
$100,000 to $149,999 55 15 40 2.8 1.5 4.0 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 7.2 9.2 5.2 57,310 37,335 19,975 5.6 7.4 3.9
$150,000 and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 3.6 5.3 2.0 23,195 17,045 6,155 2.3 3.4 1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 2,100 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without after-tax income 95 50 45 4.5 4.8 4.3 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 3.6 3.6 3.5 34,600 17,400 17,200 3.3 3.3 3.2
With after-tax income 2,000 990 1,010 95.2 94.7 95.7 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 96.4 96.4 96.5 1,023,835 505,175 518,660 96.7 96.7 96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss) 810 465 345 40.5 47.0 34.2 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 8.8 7.7 9.8 106,400 50,060 56,340 10.4 9.9 10.9
$10,000 to $19,999 290 135 145 14.5 13.6 14.4 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 12.3 10.6 14.0 127,940 54,315 73,625 12.5 10.8 14.2
$20,000 to $29,999 265 120 150 13.3 12.1 14.9 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 18.1 16.2 19.9 191,015 82,035 108,985 18.7 16.2 21.0
$30,000 to $39,999 230 105 125 11.5 10.6 12.4 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 15.2 14.2 16.1 168,620 77,035 91,585 16.5 15.2 17.7
$40,000 to $49,999 115 50 65 5.8 5.1 6.4 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 13.0 12.8 13.1 139,790 70,125 69,665 13.7 13.9 13.4
$50,000 to $59,999 90 30 60 4.5 3.0 5.9 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 9.7 10.3 9.1 99,005 54,905 44,095 9.7 10.9 8.5
$60,000 to $69,999 40 20 25 2.0 2.0 2.5 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 6.9 7.8 6.1 66,805 38,905 27,900 6.5 7.7 5.4
$70,000 to $79,999 45 20 25 2.3 2.0 2.5 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 4.9 5.7 4.1 47,350 26,925 20,425 4.6 5.3 3.9
$80,000 to $89,999 30 10 15 1.5 1.0 1.5 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 3.5 4.1 2.9 27,130 16,415 10,715 2.6 3.2 2.1
$90,000 to $99,999 40 20 20 2.0 2.0 2.0 643,700 402,325 241,380 2.2 2.8 1.6 16,220 10,545 5,680 1.6 2.1 1.1
$100,000 and over 45 10 35 2.3 1.0 3.5 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5.5 7.7 3.3 33,560 23,920 9,645 3.3 4.7 1.9
$100,000 to $124,999 40 10 30 2.0 1.0 3.0 792,455 530,970 261,490 2.7 3.7 1.8 17,675 12,295 5,375 1.7 2.4 1.0
$125,000 and over 5 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 804,335 578,645 225,695 2.7 4.0 1.5 15,885 11,620 4,265 1.6 2.3 0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 2,100 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Without employment income 1,135 520 615 54.0 49.8 58.3 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 30.4 26.6 33.9 315,110 135,195 179,915 29.8 25.9 33.6
With employment income 965 525 440 46.0 50.2 41.7 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 69.6 73.4 66.1 743,325 387,385 355,940 70.2 74.1 66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss) 240 145 100 24.9 27.6 22.7 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 14.0 13.3 14.7 96,985 46,125 50,855 13.0 11.9 14.3
$5,000 to $9,999 100 50 50 10.4 9.5 11.4 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 8.2 7.0 9.5 59,860 26,670 33,195 8.1 6.9 9.3
$10,000 to $19,999 105 60 45 10.9 11.4 10.2 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 11.8 10.3 13.4 92,505 42,200 50,305 12.4 10.9 14.1
$20,000 to $29,999 100 55 45 10.4 10.5 10.2 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 9.3 8.3 10.4 78,855 35,960 42,900 10.6 9.3 12.1
$30,000 to $39,999 180 100 80 18.7 19.0 18.2 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 9.0 8.3 9.8 77,580 37,430 40,150 10.4 9.7 11.3
$40,000 to $49,999 60 30 25 6.2 5.7 5.7 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 8.8 8.3 9.4 73,795 37,315 36,480 9.9 9.6 10.2
$50,000 to $59,999 50 30 20 5.2 5.7 4.5 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 7.8 7.7 7.8 59,960 33,210 26,745 8.1 8.6 7.5
$60,000 to $69,999 30 15 15 3.1 2.9 3.4 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 6.5 6.9 6.0 48,125 28,725 19,405 6.5 7.4 5.5
$70,000 to $79,999 30 20 10 3.1 3.8 2.3 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 5.2 5.8 4.5 37,685 23,180 14,505 5.1 6.0 4.1
$80,000 to $89,999 10 0 5 1.0 0.0 1.1 929,490 539,395 390,095 4.4 4.9 3.8 31,730 18,800 12,930 4.3 4.9 3.6
$90,000 to $99,999 40 20 20 4.1 3.8 4.5 760,035 439,505 320,530 3.6 4.0 3.1 25,570 14,610 10,955 3.4 3.8 3.1
$100,000 and over 25 5 15 2.6 1.0 3.4 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 11.4 15.1 7.5 60,675 43,165 17,505 8.2 11.1 4.9
$100,000 to $124,999 20 5 15 2.1 1.0 3.4 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5.3 6.5 4.1 31,425 21,060 10,365 4.2 5.4 2.9
$125,000 and over 5 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 6.1 8.6 3.4 29,245 22,105 7,140 3.9 5.7 2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,435 522,575 535,860 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,715 835 870 81.9 79.9 82.5 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 94.3 94.0 94.5 989,280 486,735 502,540 93.5 93.1 93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 15,100 9,100 19,800 15,100 9,100 19,800 39,200 45,200 34,000 39,200 45,200 34,000 37,600 43,200 32,800 37,600 43,200 32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,715 835 870 81.9 79.9 82.5 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 94.3 94.1 94.6 989,625 486,785 502,840 93.5 93.2 93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 15,100 9,100 19,800 15,100 9,100 19,800 35,200 40,000 31,200 35,200 40,000 31,200 33,200 37,600 29,800 33,200 37,600 29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,005 525 480 48.0 50.2 45.5 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 84.7 86.3 83.2 891,950 447,480 444,475 84.3 85.6 82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 18,600 18,200 20,000 18,600 18,200 20,000 36,800 44,000 30,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 34,800 41,600 29,000 34,800 41,600 29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 990 520 470 47.3 49.8 44.5 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 70.0 73.6 66.6 744,025 385,850 358,175 70.3 73.8 66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 18,600 18,200 22,200 18,600 18,200 22,200 38,000 44,400 32,800 38,000 44,400 32,800 36,000 41,600 31,000 36,000 41,600 31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,585 770 815 75.7 73.7 77.3 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 76.5 73.2 79.6 859,170 419,045 440,125 81.2 80.2 82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 2,100 940 10,200 2,100 940 10,200 4,240 1,960 6,450 4,240 1,960 6,450 2,840 1,210 5,920 2,840 1,210 5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 160 105 55 7.6 10.0 5.2 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 8.0 8.0 8.1 81,860 39,590 42,270 7.7 7.6 7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,400 5,000 7,050 5,400 5,000 7,050 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,920 6,200 5,600 5,920 6,200 5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,715 840 870 81.9 80.4 82.5 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 94.3 94.0 94.5 989,725 487,255 502,470 93.5 93.3 93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 22,640 18,320 26,800 22,640 18,320 26,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 52,350 61,250 43,800 47,200 54,300 40,280 47,200 54,300 40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,715 840 870 81.9 80.4 82.5 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 94.3 94.1 94.6 990,055 487,280 502,775 93.5 93.3 93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 22,480 18,160 26,600 22,480 18,160 26,600 42,920 49,000 37,160 42,920 49,000 37,160 38,720 43,520 34,040 38,720 43,520 34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,005 525 480 48.0 50.2 45.5 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 84.7 86.3 83.2 892,090 447,960 444,130 84.3 85.7 82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 25,360 24,200 26,600 25,360 24,200 26,600 51,040 60,800 41,320 51,040 60,800 41,320 45,480 53,650 37,240 45,480 53,650 37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 985 520 470 47.0 49.8 44.5 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 70.0 73.6 66.6 743,680 386,010 357,670 70.3 73.9 66.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 25,240 24,000 26,600 25,240 24,000 26,600 50,560 58,800 41,800 50,560 58,800 41,800 45,360 52,200 38,000 45,360 52,200 38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,585 765 820 75.7 73.2 77.7 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 76.5 73.1 79.6 859,470 419,750 439,720 81.2 80.3 82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,420 3,470 13,080 8,420 3,470 13,080 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,150 5,825 8,410 7,150 5,825 8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 160 105 50 7.6 10.0 4.7 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 8.0 7.9 8.1 82,490 40,260 42,230 7.8 7.7 7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,300 6,600 8,800 7,300 6,600 8,800 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,560 6,880 8,210 7,410 7,120 7,690 7,410 7,120 7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,910 100.0 100.0 100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 560 305 250 26.7 29.2 23.7 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 32.4 36.6 28.3 363,910 209,470 154,440 34.4 40.1 28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 28,800 28,000 30,400 28,800 28,000 30,400 60,000 66,000 53,600 60,000 66,000 53,600 53,600 58,400 48,400 53,600 58,400 48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 33,200 31,600 35,200 33,200 31,600 35,200 73,200 81,900 62,250 73,200 81,900 62,250 63,150 69,000 55,150 63,150 69,000 55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 130 75 60 6.2 7.2 5.7 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 26.2 25.3 27.0 266,100 121,985 144,115 25.1 23.3 26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 9,800 7,400 12,600 9,800 7,400 12,600 24,200 28,000 21,800 24,200 28,000 21,800 22,800 25,200 21,200 22,800 25,200 21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 14,400 11,600 17,500 14,400 11,600 17,500 35,200 41,280 29,720 35,200 41,280 29,720 31,560 36,240 27,560 31,560 36,240 27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 65.6 83.0 54.4 65.6 83.0 54.4 87.6 91.2 83.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 86.8 90.8 81.8 86.8 90.8 81.8
Employment income (%) 64.4 81.0 53.6 64.4 81.0 53.6 71.8 75.0 67.2 71.8 75.0 67.2 72.2 76.0 67.2 72.2 76.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 34.4 17.3 45.6 34.4 17.3 45.6 12.3 8.9 16.9 12.3 8.9 16.9 13.2 9.2 18.3 13.2 9.2 18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 3.0 4.6 1.9 3.0 4.6 1.9 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 620 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ... 518,055 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 79,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 45 ... ... ... ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... ... ... ... 146,225 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 13,800 ... ... 13,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 13,800 ... ... 13,800 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 36,000 ... ... 36,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 570 ... ... ... ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... ... ... ... 371,825 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 615 ... ... ... ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... ... ... ... 518,055 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 78,800 ... ... 78,800 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 97,300 ... ... 97,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 78,400 ... ... 78,400 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 80,400 ... ... 80,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 45 ... ... ... ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... ... ... ... 146,310 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 25,000 ... ... 25,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 50,040 ... ... 50,040 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 25,000 ... ... 25,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 41,480 ... ... 41,480 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 570 ... ... ... ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... ... ... ... 371,745 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 83,200 ... ... 83,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 82,400 ... ... 82,400 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 95,800 ... ... 95,800 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 20 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 1.1 ... ... 6,290 ... ... 1.2 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 4,145 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 10 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 7,680 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 7,990 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 20,100 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 30 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 18,985 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 17,510 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 30 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 19,860 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 25 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 21,215 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 20,700 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 40,360 ... ... 7.8 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 7.0 ... ... 38,830 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 45 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 36,685 ... ... 7.1 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 6.2 ... ... 33,840 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 31,625 ... ... 6.1 ... ...
$100,000 and over 195 ... ... 31.5 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 40.4 ... ... 192,235 ... ... 37.1 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 75 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 62,870 ... ... 12.1 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 50 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 43,940 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 55 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 10.3 ... ... 49,315 ... ... 9.5 ... ...
$200,000 and over 20 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 9.8 ... ... 36,110 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Under $5,000 20 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 7,035 ... ... 1.4 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0.6 ... ... 4,245 ... ... 0.8 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 10 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 1.2 ... ... 7,915 ... ... 1.5 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 1.9 ... ... 8,810 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 22,210 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 22,280 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 21,475 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 24,610 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 25 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 25,320 ... ... 4.9 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 4.4 ... ... 24,380 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 48,190 ... ... 9.3 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 8.2 ... ... 45,970 ... ... 8.9 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 45 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 7.6 ... ... 43,145 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 38,145 ... ... 7.4 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 35 ... ... 5.6 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 32,835 ... ... 6.3 ... ...
$100,000 and over 190 ... ... 30.6 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 31.9 ... ... 141,500 ... ... 27.3 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 80 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 59,905 ... ... 11.6 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 36,195 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
$150,000 and over 70 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 12.4 ... ... 45,400 ... ... 8.8 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 570 ... ... ... ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... ... ... ... 356,215 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 76,500 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 25 ... ... ... ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... ... ... ... 133,590 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 75,500 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 345 ... ... ... ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... ... ... ... 155,030 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 88,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 6.6 ... ... 6.6 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 160 ... ... ... ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... ... ... ... 54,645 ... ... ... ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 41,200 ... ... 41,200 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 58,800 ... ... 58,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 65 50 20 ... ... ... 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 ... ... ... 197,045 99,270 97,775 ... ... ...
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 13,200 13,800 x 13,200 13,800 x 38,400 40,000 36,800 38,400 40,000 36,800 37,200 38,800 36,000 37,200 38,800 36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 13,100 13,800 x 13,100 13,800 x 34,800 36,000 33,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 33,600 34,400 32,800 33,600 34,400 32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 570 ... ... ... ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... ... ... ... 356,080 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 82,800 ... ... 82,800 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 116,200 ... ... 116,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 82,400 ... ... 82,400 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 95,700 ... ... 95,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 25 ... ... ... ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... ... ... ... 133,300 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 85,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 106,600 ... ... 106,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 80,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 86,600 ... ... 86,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 345 ... ... ... ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... ... ... ... 155,485 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 96,400 ... ... 96,400 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 141,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 115,400 ... ... 115,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 155 ... ... ... ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... ... ... ... 54,305 ... ... ... ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 56,000 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 74,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 55,000 ... ... 55,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 65,300 ... ... 65,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 70 50 20 ... ... ... 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 ... ... ... 197,160 98,645 98,515 ... ... ...
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 22,000 24,000 18,000 22,000 24,000 18,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 49,440 52,050 46,880 45,880 47,720 44,040 45,880 47,720 44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 22,000 24,000 16,000 22,000 24,000 16,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 41,560 43,080 40,120 38,400 39,320 37,480 38,400 39,320 37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 3,415 1,700 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,220 656,970 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 1,565 780 790 45.8 45.9 45.9 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 19.8 20.6 19.0 296,575 152,305 144,275 22.7 23.4 22.0
0 to 5 years 465 225 240 13.6 13.2 14.0 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 6.1 6.4 5.9 95,900 49,120 46,785 7.3 7.6 7.1
18 to 64 years 1,730 855 880 50.7 50.3 51.2 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 62.1 62.2 61.9 796,825 398,530 398,300 61.0 61.3 60.6
65 years and over 115 70 55 3.4 4.1 3.2 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 18.1 17.2 19.1 213,785 99,390 114,395 16.4 15.3 17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 1,395 705 690 ... ... ... 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 ... ... ... 185,145 87,815 97,330 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 735 365 375 ... ... ... 854,565 439,490 415,075 ... ... ... 57,935 29,540 28,395 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 215 100 115 ... ... ... 282,315 144,250 138,065 ... ... ... 21,125 10,715 10,410 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 635 330 300 ... ... ... 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 ... ... ... 96,515 46,350 50,165 ... ... ...
65 years and over 30 10 20 ... ... ... 985,745 391,695 594,050 ... ... ... 30,695 11,925 18,770 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 40.9 41.6 40.3 40.9 41.6 40.3 11.1 10.5 11.6 11.1 10.5 11.6 14.2 13.5 14.8 14.2 13.5 14.8
0 to 17 years (%) 47.1 47.0 47.4 47.1 47.0 47.4 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9 19.5 19.4 19.7 19.5 19.4 19.7
0 to 5 years (%) 46.4 46.0 47.0 46.4 46.0 47.0 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 22.0 21.8 22.3 22.0 21.8 22.3
18 to 64 years (%) 36.6 38.6 34.4 36.6 38.6 34.4 9.7 9.4 9.9 9.7 9.4 9.9 12.1 11.6 12.6 12.1 11.6 12.6
65 years and over (%) 22.0 16.0 32.0 22.0 16.0 32.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 15.0 12.7 16.9 14.4 12.0 16.4 14.4 12.0 16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,244,390 618,665 625,725 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 17 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 19.7 20.5 18.9 270,600 139,000 131,595 21.7 22.5 21.0
0 to 5 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 6.1 6.3 5.8 87,120 44,525 42,595 7.0 7.2 6.8
18 to 64 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 62.1 62.3 62.0 763,600 382,005 381,590 61.4 61.7 61.0
65 years and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 18.2 17.3 19.2 210,200 97,660 112,535 16.9 15.8 18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 0 0 0 ... ... ... 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 ... ... ... 78,315 40,395 37,915 ... ... ...
0 to 17 years 0 0 0 ... ... ... 319,545 164,490 155,060 ... ... ... 18,130 9,425 8,700 ... ... ...
0 to 5 years 0 0 0 ... ... ... 99,435 50,875 48,560 ... ... ... 6,445 3,290 3,155 ... ... ...
18 to 64 years 0 0 0 ... ... ... 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 ... ... ... 53,920 28,310 25,615 ... ... ...
65 years and over 0 0 0 ... ... ... 199,155 83,010 116,145 ... ... ... 6,265 2,665 3,600 ... ... ...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) x x x x x x 5.2 5.4 5.0 5.2 5.4 5.0 6.3 6.5 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.1
0 to 17 years (%) x x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 6.7 6.8 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.6
0 to 5 years (%) x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4 7.4
18 to 64 years (%) x x x x x x 6.0 6.4 5.7 6.0 6.4 5.7 7.1 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 6.7
65 years and over (%) x x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.3 3.0 2.7 3.2 3.0 2.7 3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 3,415 1,700 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,220 656,965 100.0 100.0 100.0
In bottom half of the distribution 2,720 1,380 1,345 79.6 81.2 78.2 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 50.0 48.9 51.1 752,545 367,895 384,650 57.6 56.6 58.5
In bottom decile 1,265 635 630 37.0 37.4 36.6 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 10.0 9.8 10.2 163,795 80,430 83,370 12.5 12.4 12.7
In second decile 525 265 260 15.4 15.6 15.1 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 10.0 9.5 10.5 157,385 74,055 83,325 12.0 11.4 12.7
In third decile 385 195 195 11.3 11.5 11.3 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 10.0 9.8 10.2 150,155 73,485 76,675 11.5 11.3 11.7
In fourth decile 305 150 150 8.9 8.8 8.7 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 10.0 9.9 10.1 143,855 71,230 72,620 11.0 11.0 11.1
In fifth decile 240 135 110 7.0 7.9 6.4 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 10.0 10.0 10.0 137,355 68,700 68,655 10.5 10.6 10.5
In top half of the distribution 690 315 375 20.2 18.5 21.8 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 50.0 51.1 48.9 554,645 282,320 272,320 42.4 43.4 41.5
In sixth decile 230 100 130 6.7 5.9 7.6 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 10.0 10.1 9.9 132,600 67,115 65,490 10.1 10.3 10.0
In seventh decile 200 100 100 5.9 5.9 5.8 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 10.0 10.1 9.9 125,730 63,715 62,015 9.6 9.8 9.4
In eighth decile 150 65 80 4.4 3.8 4.7 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 10.0 10.2 9.8 117,230 59,570 57,660 9.0 9.2 8.8
In ninth decile 85 40 45 2.5 2.4 2.6 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 10.0 10.3 9.7 101,140 51,785 49,355 7.7 8.0 7.5
In top decile 30 20 15 0.9 1.2 0.9 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10.0 10.4 9.6 77,940 40,145 37,800 6.0 6.2 5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 3,420 ... ... 3,420 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 1,307,185 ... ... 1,307,185 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.340 ... ... 0.340 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.333 ... ... 0.333 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.553 ... ... 0.553 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.449 ... ... 0.449 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.339 ... ... 0.339 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.290 ... ... 0.290 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English only 3,410 1,695 1,715 99.7 100.0 99.7 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 69.0 69.9 68.1 1,197,535 599,870 597,665 90.3 91.1 89.5
French only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 11.2 10.6 11.7 1,680 805 875 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 18.0 18.0 18.0 110,435 50,380 60,055 8.3 7.6 9.0
Neither English nor French 5 5 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 689,725 284,170 405,555 1.9 1.6 2.2 17,160 7,680 9,480 1.3 1.2 1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 3,410 1,695 1,720 99.7 100.0 100.0 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 75.5 75.8 75.2 1,269,710 631,880 637,825 95.7 95.9 95.5
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 21.4 21.3 21.4 36,195 17,375 18,815 2.7 2.6 2.8
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 476,175 237,635 238,535 1.3 1.3 1.3 4,365 2,115 2,245 0.3 0.3 0.3
Neither English nor French 5 5 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 673,100 275,685 397,420 1.8 1.5 2.1 16,555 7,360 9,195 1.2 1.1 1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 2,895 1,430 1,460 84.6 84.4 84.9 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 96.0 96.0 95.9 1,268,595 630,270 638,325 95.6 95.7 95.5
Official languages 850 415 430 24.9 24.5 25.0 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 74.5 75.2 73.9 971,850 485,625 486,225 73.2 73.7 72.8
English 850 415 430 24.9 24.5 25.0 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 54.9 55.6 54.3 935,110 468,050 467,065 70.5 71.1 69.9
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 19.6 19.6 19.6 36,740 17,575 19,160 2.8 2.7 2.9
Non-official languages 2,040 1,015 1,030 59.6 59.9 59.9 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 21.4 20.8 22.0 296,745 144,650 152,100 22.4 22.0 22.8
Indigenous languages39 2,040 1,010 1,025 59.6 59.6 59.6 148,895 71,630 77,265 0.4 0.4 0.4 18,885 8,910 9,975 1.4 1.4 1.5
Algonquian languages 2,035 1,010 1,025 59.5 59.6 59.6 97,125 46,545 50,580 0.3 0.3 0.3 17,565 8,305 9,265 1.3 1.3 1.4
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 15 5 10 0.4 0.3 0.6 67,665 32,715 34,950 0.2 0.2 0.2 8,510 4,000 4,515 0.6 0.6 0.7
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 15 5 10 0.4 0.3 0.6 53,070 25,645 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 8,510 4,000 4,515 0.6 0.6 0.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 300 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,280 530 750 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 25 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 15 5 10 0.4 0.3 0.6 38,535 18,810 19,725 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,995 3,385 3,615 0.5 0.5 0.5
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 310 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 2,020 1,005 1,015 59.1 59.3 59.0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1 9,045 4,305 4,745 0.7 0.7 0.7
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 865 400 460 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 2,015 1,005 1,010 58.9 59.3 58.7 9,310 4,525 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,020 2,485 2,535 0.4 0.4 0.4
Ojibway languages 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.3 11,605 5,300 6,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,020 1,815 2,205 0.3 0.3 0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 235 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 850 1,030 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 445 555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s. 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.3 9,185 4,190 4,995 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,905 1,310 1,595 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 340 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 690 340 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 70 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,505 755 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 440 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,390 725 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 5 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 40 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0.1 0.1 0.1 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 220 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 85 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 220 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 50 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 520 575 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 80 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,040 485 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 165 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 245 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 160 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 180 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 590 300 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 155 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 180 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 70 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 95 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 21.0 20.4 21.6 277,865 135,735 142,125 20.9 20.6 21.3
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 698,355 359,625 338,730 1.9 2.0 1.8 14,095 7,350 6,740 1.1 1.1 1.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 90 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0.1 0.1 0.1 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,340 1,365 975 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 225 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,985 1,085 905 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 55 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 740 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 50 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 340 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 510 505 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,885 940 950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,020 1,085 935 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 155 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 180 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,265 590 675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 400 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 618,450 320,045 298,405 1.7 1.8 1.6 11,945 6,265 5,685 0.9 1.0 0.9
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,000 955 1,045 0.2 0.1 0.2
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 508,410 265,350 243,060 1.4 1.5 1.3 6,470 3,505 2,965 0.5 0.5 0.4
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,600 805 795 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 550 675 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0.1 0.1 0.0 540 300 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,875 1,480 1,400 0.2 0.2 0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 235 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 192,985 87,230 105,750 0.5 0.5 0.6 4,980 2,360 2,620 0.4 0.4 0.4
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,525 8,820 10,705 0.1 0.0 0.1 255 125 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0.5 0.4 0.5 4,710 2,230 2,480 0.4 0.3 0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 230 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565,375 238,875 326,500 1.5 1.3 1.8 56,125 26,115 30,010 4.2 4.0 4.5
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,115 940 1,180 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 250 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,150 545 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 325 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 200 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,515 695 820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100 465 640 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 990 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,245 580 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 415 425 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 570 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 490 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,050 900 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 461,150 194,805 266,345 1.3 1.1 1.4 50,540 23,510 27,025 3.8 3.6 4.0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 690 935 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0.2 0.2 0.2 540 250 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0.1 0.1 0.2 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 315 290 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 65 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 280 300 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 244,165 125,180 118,990 0.7 0.7 0.6 2,295 1,275 1,015 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 60 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,050 29,375 24,670 0.1 0.2 0.1 1,330 750 580 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0.4 0.4 0.4 530 275 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0.1 0.1 0.1 300 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 310 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 170 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 265 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 11.3 11.2 11.4 166,785 82,415 84,370 12.6 12.5 12.6
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 648,810 297,100 351,710 1.8 1.6 1.9 28,660 13,235 15,420 2.2 2.0 2.3
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 638,250 292,670 345,580 1.7 1.6 1.9 28,530 13,180 15,350 2.2 2.0 2.3
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 325 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0.1 0.1 0.1 150 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0.1 0.1 0.1 500 245 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160,170 72,120 88,050 0.4 0.4 0.5 5,300 2,380 2,915 0.4 0.4 0.4
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 197,905 89,100 108,800 0.5 0.5 0.6 9,095 4,440 4,655 0.7 0.7 0.7
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 240 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,265 1,090 1,175 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 620 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0.1 0.1 0.1 915 425 490 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0.2 0.2 0.2 690 345 345 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,995 945 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 140 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0.2 0.2 0.3 10,465 4,620 5,850 0.8 0.7 0.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 235 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 355 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 90 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 410 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 135 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 463,400 221,365 242,035 1.3 1.2 1.3 60,445 28,835 31,610 4.6 4.4 4.7
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,570 800 775 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,570 142,580 158,990 0.8 0.8 0.9 40,700 19,220 21,480 3.1 2.9 3.2
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 272,865 128,250 144,615 0.7 0.7 0.8 40,280 18,990 21,285 3.0 2.9 3.2
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 95 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,655 67,815 70,840 0.4 0.4 0.4 18,230 8,880 9,350 1.4 1.3 1.4
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,315 39,000 41,310 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,060 1,025 1,035 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,845 1,355 1,490 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 650 625 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 175 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0.1 0.1 0.1 12,245 5,970 6,275 0.9 0.9 0.9
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 700 345 350 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 430 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 670 660 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,185 590 595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4.5 4.7 4.4 53,135 28,230 24,905 4.0 4.3 3.7
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 3.7 3.9 3.6 49,815 26,535 23,280 3.8 4.0 3.5
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87,580 45,160 42,425 0.2 0.3 0.2 2,130 1,310 820 0.2 0.2 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0.4 0.4 0.4 5,245 2,830 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 152,825 79,585 73,240 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,390 1,805 1,590 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 745 395 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 730 370 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775 940 835 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,125 615 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 325 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 666,585 341,515 325,065 1.8 1.9 1.8 33,315 17,605 15,710 2.5 2.7 2.4
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 395 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0.6 0.7 0.6 3,805 2,015 1,785 0.3 0.3 0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,555 150,160 150,390 0.8 0.8 0.8 3,310 1,685 1,625 0.2 0.3 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 305 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 445 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0.1 0.1 0.1 270 135 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,625 130,180 132,440 0.7 0.7 0.7 2,135 1,095 1,040 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0.2 0.2 0.2 585 285 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,425 89,070 90,360 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,360 710 650 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0.1 0.1 0.1 195 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 425 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 165 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 3.3 3.2 3.3 22,675 11,185 11,490 1.7 1.7 1.7
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 905 470 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 319,505 154,295 165,205 0.9 0.9 0.9 3,185 1,535 1,650 0.2 0.2 0.2
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240,680 115,235 125,450 0.7 0.6 0.7 7,390 3,620 3,770 0.6 0.5 0.6
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,160 44,185 48,975 0.3 0.2 0.3 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 538,870 259,500 279,375 1.5 1.4 1.5 11,520 5,755 5,770 0.9 0.9 0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,165 610 550 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 5 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 195 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,850 14,205 29,650 0.1 0.1 0.2 510 175 335 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0.5 0.4 0.5 3,475 1,640 1,840 0.3 0.2 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 800 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,295 52,850 55,440 0.3 0.3 0.3 5,020 2,500 2,525 0.4 0.4 0.4
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 115 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,855 1,000 860 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,685 745 940 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 1,030 920 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 400 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,890 885 1,010 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 320 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 245 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 245 275 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 260 260 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 365 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 920 420 500 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 315 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 200 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 480 530 0.1 0.1 0.1
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,030 495 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,675 845 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,000 6,405 6,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 500 250 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 220 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,865 1,000 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 100 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 515 570 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 95 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 575 305 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 200 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 185 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 990 520 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 555 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3.6 3.3 3.8 20,525 9,945 10,585 1.5 1.5 1.6
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 3.5 3.3 3.8 19,940 9,640 10,300 1.5 1.5 1.5
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 679,255 310,750 368,510 1.9 1.7 2.0 12,455 6,115 6,340 0.9 0.9 0.9
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 665 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0.1 0.1 0.1 280 120 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 553,380 255,540 297,835 1.5 1.4 1.6 6,795 3,195 3,595 0.5 0.5 0.5
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 630 295 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 565 290 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 200 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 305 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 445 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 285 295 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,020 460 560 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 370 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 85 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 165 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0.1 0.2 0.1 435 245 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 540 230 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 295 165 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,355 660 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,805 890 920 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,150 530 620 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,175 540 635 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 85 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0.1 0.1 0.1 960 440 515 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,060 540 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 530 270 260 15.5 15.9 15.1 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 4.0 4.0 4.1 58,220 28,465 29,750 4.4 4.3 4.5
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 291,325 142,420 148,905 0.8 0.8 0.8 7,915 3,855 4,065 0.6 0.6 0.6
English and non-official language(s) 525 265 260 15.4 15.6 15.1 921,480 450,685 470,800 2.5 2.5 2.5 44,745 21,925 22,820 3.4 3.3 3.4
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 117,910 57,875 60,040 0.3 0.3 0.3 970 495 480 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 5 5 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 730 330 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 5 5 0 0.1 0.3 0.0 92,095 42,330 49,765 0.3 0.2 0.3 3,855 1,870 1,985 0.3 0.3 0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 460 235 225 13.5 13.9 13.1 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 57.1 57.7 56.6 989,765 494,540 495,225 74.6 75.1 74.1
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 17.6 17.7 17.6 9,840 4,640 5,205 0.7 0.7 0.8
Non-official language 210 110 100 6.1 6.5 5.8 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 6.6 6.3 6.8 82,575 40,585 41,990 6.2 6.2 6.3
Indigenous39 210 110 100 6.1 6.5 5.8 50,460 25,385 25,080 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,910 1,475 1,435 0.2 0.2 0.2
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 6.4 6.2 6.7 79,660 39,115 40,550 6.0 5.9 6.1
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 953,760 465,560 488,205 2.6 2.6 2.6 21,790 9,995 11,795 1.6 1.5 1.8
English and non-official language(s) 2,745 1,355 1,395 80.3 79.9 81.1 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 13.2 13.0 13.4 208,480 102,105 106,375 15.7 15.5 15.9
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,320 188,195 207,125 1.1 1.0 1.1 860 410 450 0.1 0.1 0.1
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455,760 217,995 237,770 1.2 1.2 1.3 5,270 2,450 2,815 0.4 0.4 0.4
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,320 93,165 107,155 0.5 0.5 0.6 8,240 4,020 4,225 0.6 0.6 0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 2,875 1,445 1,430 84.1 85.3 83.1 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 95.7 95.8 95.7 1,272,180 632,135 640,050 95.9 96.0 95.8
Official languages 1,835 930 910 53.7 54.9 52.9 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 83.1 83.4 82.7 1,099,615 546,590 553,025 82.9 83.0 82.8
English 1,835 930 910 53.7 54.9 52.9 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 63.8 64.2 63.5 1,084,900 539,735 545,160 81.8 81.9 81.6
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 19.2 19.3 19.2 14,715 6,860 7,860 1.1 1.0 1.2
Non-official languages 1,040 520 525 30.4 30.7 30.5 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 12.7 12.4 12.9 172,570 85,540 87,025 13.0 13.0 13.0
Indigenous languages39 1,040 520 525 30.4 30.7 30.5 85,835 42,950 42,885 0.2 0.2 0.2 7,625 3,850 3,770 0.6 0.6 0.6
Algonquian languages 1,040 520 525 30.4 30.7 30.5 50,135 25,010 25,120 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,015 3,525 3,485 0.5 0.5 0.5
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 980 495 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,385 1,715 1,675 0.3 0.3 0.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,385 1,715 1,675 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 300 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 665 305 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 125 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,455 730 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 830 430 405 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,050 1,565 1,485 0.2 0.2 0.2
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 505 260 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 1,040 520 525 30.4 30.7 30.5 8,250 4,100 4,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,815 1,810 0.3 0.3 0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 1,040 520 525 30.4 30.7 30.5 4,540 2,305 2,235 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,550 1,305 1,245 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,075 510 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0.0 0.0 0.0 815 385 430 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 250 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 250 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 250 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 390 315 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 220 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 755 420 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 65 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 80 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 110 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 115 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 65 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 12.4 12.1 12.7 164,945 81,695 83,255 12.4 12.4 12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 395,840 197,010 198,830 1.1 1.1 1.1 9,250 4,680 4,570 0.7 0.7 0.7
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 840 455 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 155 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 425 410 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 635 330 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 545 265 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,260 595 660 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,645 890 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 125 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0.1 0.1 0.1 875 390 485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 215 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 352,790 176,270 176,520 1.0 1.0 1.0 7,875 4,025 3,845 0.6 0.6 0.6
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 535 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285,915 143,650 142,260 0.8 0.8 0.8 4,335 2,245 2,090 0.3 0.3 0.3
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 605 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 305 380 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 205 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 360 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,005 1,030 975 0.2 0.2 0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 135 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 127,730 58,660 69,070 0.3 0.3 0.4 3,565 1,715 1,850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,785 53,735 63,055 0.3 0.3 0.3 3,435 1,650 1,780 0.3 0.3 0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,245 149,550 176,700 0.9 0.8 1.0 36,445 17,565 18,880 2.7 2.7 2.8
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 760 370 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 150 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0.0 0.0 0.0 655 340 315 0.0 0.1 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 115 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0.1 0.0 0.1 720 345 370 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 265 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 150 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 725 370 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 165 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 205 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 145 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 625 315 310 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 310 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 35 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,045 125,870 149,170 0.8 0.7 0.8 33,565 16,130 17,435 2.5 2.4 2.6
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 325 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0.1 0.1 0.1 270 110 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0.1 0.1 0.1 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 150 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 135 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 395 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 169,705 85,265 84,440 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,480 800 680 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,390 19,010 16,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 900 500 400 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0.3 0.3 0.3 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0.1 0.1 0.0 190 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 240 120 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,335 730 610 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 6.2 6.2 6.2 91,465 45,820 45,640 6.9 7.0 6.8
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0.1 0.1 0.1 30 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,480 143,495 159,985 0.8 0.8 0.9 11,345 5,540 5,805 0.9 0.8 0.9
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 395 485 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,615 720 895 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 300,985 142,375 158,610 0.8 0.8 0.9 11,325 5,535 5,795 0.9 0.8 0.9
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,775 800 975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,780 59,290 66,490 0.3 0.3 0.4 5,895 2,950 2,940 0.4 0.4 0.4
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 955 450 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0.1 0.1 0.1 355 170 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 315 325 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,375 595 785 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,350 1,155 1,195 0.2 0.2 0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 55 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0.4 0.4 0.4 24,050 11,300 12,750 1.8 1.7 1.9
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 110 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0.3 0.3 0.3 18,665 8,700 9,970 1.4 1.3 1.5
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0.2 0.2 0.2 18,585 8,650 9,935 1.4 1.3 1.5
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,750 870 875 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,670 2,275 2,395 0.4 0.3 0.4
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 100 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 540 575 0.1 0.1 0.1
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,005 1,470 1,535 0.2 0.2 0.2
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 100 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 920 1,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 280 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 125 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 435 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 740 355 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 640 300 340 0.0 0.0 0.1
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0.1 0.1 0.1 475 225 255 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3.2 3.3 3.1 43,605 22,965 20,635 3.3 3.5 3.1
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 962,820 490,815 472,000 2.6 2.7 2.5 41,260 21,815 19,450 3.1 3.3 2.9
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 110 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,340 765 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0.3 0.3 0.2 4,205 2,210 1,995 0.3 0.3 0.3
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,930 47,555 44,375 0.3 0.3 0.2 2,375 1,230 1,145 0.2 0.2 0.2
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 130 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 880 415 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 265 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 420 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 525 275 250 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 145 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 520,390 266,775 253,610 1.4 1.5 1.4 29,395 15,580 13,815 2.2 2.4 2.1
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 250 260 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0.4 0.4 0.4 2,705 1,400 1,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,015 1,040 975 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0.6 0.6 0.6 2,335 1,150 1,180 0.2 0.2 0.2
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 340 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 90 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,445 720 725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0.1 0.1 0.1 380 180 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0.3 0.3 0.3 935 475 455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 250 225 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 577,735 273,965 303,770 1.6 1.5 1.6 11,555 5,575 5,975 0.9 0.8 0.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 185 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 92,755 38,750 54,005 0.3 0.2 0.3 780 320 455 0.1 0.0 0.1
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0.3 0.3 0.3 3,695 1,755 1,945 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 90 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 317,365 155,005 162,360 0.9 0.9 0.9 6,885 3,405 3,480 0.5 0.5 0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 425 210 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0.1 0.0 0.1 195 85 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 58,250 67,275 0.3 0.3 0.4 2,685 1,295 1,390 0.2 0.2 0.2
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 505 545 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,600 18,055 20,545 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,160 1,035 1,125 0.2 0.2 0.2
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 60 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 280 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 5 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 150 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 470 225 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,315 665 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 115 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 770 765 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,520 655 860 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 480 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 5 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 145 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 275 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 130 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,945 1,040 910 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 320 385 0.1 0.0 0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 85 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 485 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 295 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,465 705 760 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 75 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 340 265 0.0 0.1 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0.0 0.0 0.0 520 290 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,475 830 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 967,965 450,210 517,755 2.6 2.5 2.8 15,585 7,640 7,950 1.2 1.2 1.2
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 955,685 444,115 511,565 2.6 2.5 2.8 15,135 7,400 7,735 1.1 1.1 1.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530,945 249,675 281,270 1.4 1.4 1.5 9,985 4,955 5,025 0.8 0.8 0.8
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 370 405 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 65 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 393,430 180,000 213,435 1.1 1.0 1.2 4,795 2,270 2,525 0.4 0.3 0.4
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 110 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 450 240 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 660 320 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 225 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 225 240 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 135 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 260 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 440 215 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 85 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 850 420 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 5 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 950 470 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 5 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0.1 0.0 0.1 270 125 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 245 370 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,880 825 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 195 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 5 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 540 250 290 15.8 14.7 16.9 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 4.3 4.2 4.3 54,635 26,605 28,025 4.1 4.0 4.2
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230,955 112,070 118,880 0.6 0.6 0.6 4,330 2,015 2,315 0.3 0.3 0.3
English and non-official language(s) 540 250 290 15.8 14.7 16.9 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 3.1 3.0 3.1 48,350 23,650 24,700 3.6 3.6 3.7
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125,525 60,405 65,125 0.3 0.3 0.4 400 190 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0.2 0.2 0.2 550 280 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,000 465 535 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 3,415 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,326,815 658,740 668,075 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 1,205 585 615 35.3 34.5 35.8 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 84.8 85.1 84.5 1,128,495 562,275 566,225 85.1 85.4 84.8
English 825 405 415 24.2 23.9 24.1 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 5.3 5.4 5.3 73,880 36,630 37,250 5.6 5.6 5.6
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 571,040 268,530 302,510 1.6 1.5 1.6 14,475 6,645 7,830 1.1 1.0 1.2
Non-official language 1,380 695 685 40.4 41.0 39.8 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 6.1 5.9 6.3 86,505 41,355 45,150 6.5 6.3 6.8
Indigenous39 1,370 690 675 40.1 40.7 39.2 63,565 29,285 34,280 0.2 0.2 0.2 12,015 5,565 6,455 0.9 0.8 1.0
Non-Indigenous 10 5 5 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 6.0 5.8 6.2 74,485 35,790 38,695 5.6 5.4 5.8
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86,185 42,600 43,585 0.2 0.2 0.2 750 335 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
English and non-official language(s) 5 0 5 0.1 0.0 0.3 323,845 161,995 161,850 0.9 0.9 0.9 12,370 6,345 6,025 0.9 1.0 0.9
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,565 61,575 72,995 0.4 0.3 0.4 2,360 1,060 1,300 0.2 0.2 0.2
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 95 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 5 0 0 0.1 0.0 0.0 234,905 115,470 119,430 0.6 0.6 0.6 7,810 4,005 3,805 0.6 0.6 0.6
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 3,415 1,700 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Official languages 3,415 1,690 1,720 100.0 99.4 100.0 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 98.1 98.4 97.8 1,290,665 642,990 647,680 98.7 98.9 98.6
English 3,415 1,690 1,720 100.0 99.4 100.0 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 87.1 87.9 86.2 1,288,945 642,225 646,720 98.6 98.8 98.4
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 29.1 28.5 29.6 111,785 51,090 60,700 8.6 7.9 9.2
Non-official languages 3,145 1,560 1,585 92.1 91.8 92.2 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 29.5 28.7 30.3 380,140 185,575 194,565 29.1 28.5 29.6
Indigenous languages39 3,140 1,560 1,580 91.9 91.8 91.9 243,155 116,360 126,795 0.7 0.6 0.7 34,405 16,285 18,120 2.6 2.5 2.8
Algonquian languages 3,140 1,560 1,580 91.9 91.8 91.9 163,815 78,135 85,675 0.5 0.4 0.5 32,200 15,235 16,965 2.5 2.3 2.6
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 105,850 50,975 54,870 0.3 0.3 0.3 16,120 7,560 8,560 1.2 1.2 1.3
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 87,875 42,340 45,530 0.2 0.2 0.2 16,115 7,555 8,560 1.2 1.2 1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 420 220 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 450 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 30 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 955 1,375 0.2 0.1 0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 125 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 65 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 61,000 29,930 31,070 0.2 0.2 0.2 13,310 6,420 6,890 1.0 1.0 1.0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,035 515 525 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 420 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 3,135 1,555 1,580 91.8 91.5 91.9 42,865 20,015 22,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 16,400 7,835 8,560 1.3 1.2 1.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 895 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 3,125 1,550 1,570 91.5 91.2 91.3 15,305 7,450 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,910 4,445 4,460 0.7 0.7 0.7
Ojibway languages 30 10 15 0.9 0.6 0.9 26,160 11,930 14,235 0.1 0.1 0.1 7,595 3,450 4,150 0.6 0.5 0.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,035 875 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 80 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,690 725 960 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0.7 0.9 0.6 20,720 9,495 11,225 0.1 0.1 0.1 5,695 2,630 3,070 0.4 0.4 0.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 100 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0.1 0.1 0.1 850 425 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 835 410 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 680 870 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 410 425 0.1 0.1 0.1
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 115 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 775 355 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,210 620 590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 480 265 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 130 115 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 140 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 40 95 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 870 400 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 75 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 120 190 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 140 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 75 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 55 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 90 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 505 630 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 795 365 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 145 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0.1 0.1 0.1 230 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 30 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,055 880 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 95 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,605 655 950 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 90 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,905 850 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 155 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 670 745 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 600 285 305 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 300 215 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,090 510 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 165 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 135 185 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705 320 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 190 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 900 405 495 0.1 0.1 0.1
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 195 175 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,530 715 810 0.0 0.0 0.0 885 405 485 0.1 0.1 0.1
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925 470 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 180 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,135 555 580 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,110 595 515 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465 210 255 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 145 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 170 170 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820 355 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 315 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 310 335 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 855 405 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 15 10 10 0.4 0.6 0.6 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 28.9 28.1 29.6 346,060 169,435 176,630 26.5 26.1 26.9
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 3.0 3.2 2.9 22,735 11,625 11,115 1.7 1.8 1.7
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,835 22,775 20,060 0.1 0.1 0.1 180 100 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,415 19,660 17,755 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 55 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,330 750 575 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0.0 0.0 0.0 350 235 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hausa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 230 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 1,040 965 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 185 95 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,495 1,225 1,270 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0.0 0.0 0.0 380 200 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 205 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,690 810 875 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 760 645 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 2.8 2.9 2.7 20,430 10,430 10,000 1.6 1.6 1.5
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,055 1,905 2,150 0.3 0.3 0.3
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 838,045 436,510 401,540 2.3 2.4 2.2 10,275 5,425 4,850 0.8 0.8 0.7
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0.1 0.1 0.1 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Harari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 925 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,800 1,955 1,850 0.3 0.3 0.3
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,475 2,225 2,245 0.3 0.3 0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,760 1,065 695 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 135 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 260,030 120,035 139,995 0.7 0.7 0.8 6,645 3,125 3,520 0.5 0.5 0.5
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0.1 0.1 0.1 380 175 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 232,800 107,435 125,355 0.6 0.6 0.7 6,260 2,945 3,310 0.5 0.5 0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 455 455 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 793,275 336,445 456,840 2.2 1.9 2.5 74,995 35,135 39,860 5.7 5.4 6.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 145 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0.0 0.0 0.0 960 430 525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,045 1,065 985 0.2 0.2 0.1
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 900 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0.0 0.0 0.1 820 395 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0.2 0.1 0.2 3,395 1,585 1,815 0.3 0.2 0.3
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0.1 0.0 0.1 265 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,950 770 1,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinaray-a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 860 345 510 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Merina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,565 785 780 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 905 925 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 125 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 737,565 310,735 426,830 2.0 1.7 2.3 73,440 34,315 39,130 5.6 5.3 6.0
Waray-Waray 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 135 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,240 620 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,840 85,045 99,790 0.5 0.5 0.5 1,580 740 840 0.1 0.1 0.1
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0.4 0.3 0.4 220 95 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Krio 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 870 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 195 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 105 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sango 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,535 785 750 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 335 155 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0.0 0.0 0.0 270 125 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 359,485 185,160 174,325 1.0 1.0 0.9 3,300 1,800 1,500 0.3 0.3 0.2
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0.1 0.1 0.0 335 180 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,740 930 810 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 237,890 119,570 118,320 0.7 0.7 0.6 1,100 645 455 0.1 0.1 0.1
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0.2 0.2 0.1 595 320 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tulu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,765 935 835 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 970 450 520 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 720 365 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 10 10 10 0.3 0.6 0.6 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 16.1 16.0 16.2 196,040 97,895 98,150 15.0 15.1 14.9
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0.1 0.1 0.1 495 220 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 40 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 820,305 384,390 435,915 2.3 2.1 2.4 36,420 16,940 19,480 2.8 2.6 3.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 45 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 809,985 380,025 429,960 2.2 2.1 2.3 36,340 16,910 19,430 2.8 2.6 3.0
Belarusian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 30 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 240 125 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0.1 0.1 0.1 550 255 300 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0.1 0.1 0.1 165 85 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 204,460 94,135 110,325 0.6 0.5 0.6 7,045 3,285 3,760 0.5 0.5 0.6
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 309,235 145,375 163,860 0.9 0.8 0.9 14,835 7,225 7,600 1.1 1.1 1.2
Rusyn 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 345 330 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0.4 0.4 0.4 2,915 1,445 1,475 0.2 0.2 0.2
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0.1 0.1 0.1 950 470 480 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,500 750 745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,235 615 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0.1 0.1 0.1 425 155 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 125 180 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0.4 0.3 0.4 14,845 6,585 8,260 1.1 1.0 1.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 185 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 90 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 40 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 55 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910 495 415 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 658,705 319,800 338,905 1.8 1.8 1.8 61,790 30,450 31,335 4.7 4.7 4.8
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 60 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 453,995 222,215 231,780 1.2 1.2 1.3 42,555 20,860 21,685 3.3 3.2 3.3
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 419,195 204,840 214,355 1.2 1.1 1.2 41,980 20,605 21,375 3.2 3.2 3.3
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 45 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0.0 0.0 0.0 220 135 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0.1 0.1 0.1 425 155 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 191,840 93,435 98,405 0.5 0.5 0.5 22,220 11,000 11,220 1.7 1.7 1.7
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29,670 15,335 14,335 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,000 520 475 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 107,985 51,330 56,650 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,840 1,380 1,465 0.2 0.2 0.2
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,275 1,615 1,665 0.3 0.2 0.3
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,310 640 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 15,055 7,445 7,610 1.2 1.1 1.2
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 95 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 37,500 17,205 20,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,220 615 605 0.1 0.1 0.1
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 145 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 1,475 685 790 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 215 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 175 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,275 720 555 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,620 860 760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 6.2 6.5 6.0 66,340 35,640 30,695 5.1 5.5 4.7
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 5.3 5.5 5.1 62,505 33,645 28,860 4.8 5.2 4.4
Assamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,155 590 565 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,740 1,635 1,105 0.2 0.3 0.2
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0.6 0.6 0.5 6,535 3,685 2,850 0.5 0.6 0.4
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 761,425 395,410 366,015 2.1 2.2 2.0 26,980 14,375 12,610 2.1 2.2 1.9
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 30 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 965 865 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Konkani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0.1 0.1 0.1 445 245 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 805 405 405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Oriya languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Odia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,710 925 785 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550 755 795 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 942,170 488,075 454,090 2.6 2.7 2.5 42,820 22,950 19,870 3.3 3.5 3.0
Rohingya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 345 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,205 605 595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 414,870 211,895 202,975 1.1 1.2 1.1 6,800 3,660 3,140 0.5 0.6 0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0.0 0.0 0.0 200 110 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 370,520 186,750 183,770 1.0 1.0 1.0 4,175 2,180 1,995 0.3 0.3 0.3
Baluchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 985 565 420 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 25 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,210 590 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Parsi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000 535 470 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0.1 0.1 0.1 495 255 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 326,285 163,665 162,620 0.9 0.9 0.9 2,615 1,390 1,225 0.2 0.2 0.2
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0.2 0.2 0.2 860 420 450 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 222,160 111,750 110,415 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,590 885 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0.1 0.1 0.1 235 135 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,830 970 855 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,135 1,245 895 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 5.7 5.4 5.9 37,540 18,165 19,375 2.9 2.8 2.9
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 547,655 263,950 283,705 1.5 1.5 1.5 5,230 2,505 2,725 0.4 0.4 0.4
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 336,865 164,985 171,880 0.9 0.9 0.9 9,590 4,735 4,855 0.7 0.7 0.7
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0.3 0.3 0.3 665 345 320 0.1 0.1 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 3.2 3.1 3.4 23,435 11,295 12,140 1.8 1.7 1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,965 1,025 940 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,070 43,380 54,690 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,505 765 740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 203,885 92,275 111,605 0.6 0.5 0.6 4,330 2,075 2,255 0.3 0.3 0.3
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 267,520 131,495 136,025 0.7 0.7 0.7 14,260 7,240 7,020 1.1 1.1 1.1
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0.1 0.1 0.1 435 250 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamanankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 180 85 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 145 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Éwé 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 45 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0.0 0.0 0.0 160 110 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,850 750 1,100 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0.1 0.1 0.0 1,680 940 745 0.1 0.1 0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0.0 0.0 0.0 475 245 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,720 12,260 13,460 0.1 0.1 0.1 550 270 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Luba-Kasai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mòoré 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mwani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,080 585 490 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ndebele 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 430 210 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0.0 0.0 0.0 305 155 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Soninke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,010 650 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,305 580 725 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,005 1,500 1,505 0.2 0.2 0.2
Wojenaka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 335 200 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0.1 0.1 0.1 6,075 3,030 3,045 0.5 0.5 0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,790 900 890 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0.0 0.0 0.0 550 280 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 150 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuer 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,490 685 805 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0 265 120 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
African, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0.1 0.1 0.2 2,570 925 1,650 0.2 0.1 0.3
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,370 830 1,545 0.2 0.1 0.2
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 4.3 4.0 4.5 23,835 11,375 12,460 1.8 1.7 1.9
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 4.2 4.0 4.4 23,215 11,080 12,135 1.8 1.7 1.8
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 25 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 987,300 452,995 534,305 2.7 2.5 2.9 16,765 8,055 8,715 1.3 1.2 1.3
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,825 840 980 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 51,755 22,840 28,920 0.1 0.1 0.2 490 220 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,925 335,185 389,740 2.0 1.9 2.1 8,920 4,135 4,790 0.7 0.6 0.7
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 105 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,185 560 625 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0.1 0.1 0.1 635 300 330 0.0 0.0 0.1
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,140 520 620 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 195 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 190 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 845 395 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 890 1,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,220 540 680 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,645 720 920 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0.0 0.0 0.1 1,210 565 650 0.1 0.1 0.1
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0.1 0.0 0.1 620 235 385 0.0 0.0 0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 330 465 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0.3 0.3 0.2 735 415 320 0.1 0.1 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kazakh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,415 600 815 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 635 355 280 0.0 0.1 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,660 790 875 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,150 980 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 30 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 85,055 39,290 45,765 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,510 690 815 0.1 0.1 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 95 110 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,625 30,320 34,300 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,255 585 675 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 145 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 3,415 1,695 1,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous identity45 3,410 1,695 1,715 99.9 100.0 99.4 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 5.0 4.9 5.1 237,185 115,585 121,605 18.1 17.8 18.5
Single Indigenous responses46 3,400 1,685 1,710 99.6 99.4 99.1 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 4.8 4.7 4.9 232,345 113,375 118,970 17.8 17.4 18.1
First Nations (North American Indian) 3,400 1,685 1,710 99.6 99.4 99.1 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 2.9 2.8 2.9 134,890 65,230 69,660 10.3 10.0 10.6
Métis 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 624,220 306,220 318,000 1.7 1.7 1.7 96,725 47,820 48,910 7.4 7.4 7.4
Inuk (Inuit) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0.2 0.2 0.2 725 330 395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses47 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,935 1,300 1,635 0.2 0.2 0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,905 905 1,000 0.1 0.1 0.2
Non-Indigenous identity 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 95.0 95.1 94.9 1,069,995 534,645 535,350 81.9 82.2 81.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 3,415 1,695 1,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,325 1,650 1,670 97.4 97.3 96.8 831,720 402,310 429,405 2.3 2.2 2.3 127,205 61,330 65,875 9.7 9.4 10.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 90 45 45 2.6 2.7 2.6 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 97.7 97.8 97.7 1,179,985 588,900 591,080 90.3 90.6 90.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Owner 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 66.5 ... ... 349,325 ... ... 67.4 ... ...
Renter 45 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 33.1 ... ... 156,490 ... ... 30.2 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 530 ... ... 85.5 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0.5 ... ... 12,240 ... ... 2.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Condominium 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 15.0 ... ... 41,700 ... ... 8.0 ... ...
Not condominium 615 ... ... 99.2 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 85.0 ... ... 476,355 ... ... 92.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
No bedrooms 15 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 5,050 ... ... 1.0 ... ...
1 bedroom 60 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 14.2 ... ... 67,100 ... ... 13.0 ... ...
2 bedrooms 115 ... ... 18.5 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 25.6 ... ... 129,795 ... ... 25.1 ... ...
3 bedrooms 260 ... ... 41.9 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 33.3 ... ... 184,620 ... ... 35.6 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 165 ... ... 26.6 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 26.1 ... ... 131,485 ... ... 25.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 145 ... ... 23.4 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 31.1 ... ... 151,270 ... ... 29.2 ... ...
5 rooms 255 ... ... 41.1 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 15.5 ... ... 88,535 ... ... 17.1 ... ...
6 rooms 90 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 13.6 ... ... 81,220 ... ... 15.7 ... ...
7 rooms 75 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 12.0 ... ... 64,300 ... ... 12.4 ... ...
8 or more rooms 55 ... ... 8.9 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 27.8 ... ... 132,725 ... ... 25.6 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.0 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 335 ... ... 54.0 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 97.6 ... ... 499,415 ... ... 96.4 ... ...
More than one person per room 280 ... ... 45.2 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 18,640 ... ... 3.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Suitable 265 ... ... 42.7 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 94.6 ... ... 481,860 ... ... 93.0 ... ...
Not suitable 345 ... ... 55.6 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 36,195 ... ... 7.0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
1960 or before 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 20.2 ... ... 137,225 ... ... 26.5 ... ...
1961 to 1980 110 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 27.9 ... ... 157,190 ... ... 30.3 ... ...
1981 to 1990 80 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 13.2 ... ... 65,060 ... ... 12.6 ... ...
1991 to 2000 165 ... ... 26.6 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 12.1 ... ... 43,790 ... ... 8.5 ... ...
2001 to 2005 70 ... ... 11.3 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 21,035 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
2006 to 2010 80 ... ... 12.9 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 26,890 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
2011 to 2015 60 ... ... 9.7 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 30,920 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
2016 to 202157 40 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 6.9 ... ... 35,935 ... ... 6.9 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 345 ... ... 55.6 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 93.9 ... ... 478,435 ... ... 92.4 ... ...
Major repairs needed 265 ... ... 42.7 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 39,615 ... ... 7.6 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
One-maintainer household 260 ... ... 41.9 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 51.1 ... ... 266,615 ... ... 51.5 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 260 ... ... 41.9 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 44.3 ... ... 229,405 ... ... 44.3 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 95 ... ... 15.3 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 22,035 ... ... 4.3 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
15 to 24 years 20 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 19,175 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
25 to 34 years 90 ... ... 14.5 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 13.9 ... ... 77,045 ... ... 14.9 ... ...
35 to 44 years 170 ... ... 27.4 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 92,145 ... ... 17.8 ... ...
45 to 54 years 145 ... ... 23.4 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 17.7 ... ... 88,630 ... ... 17.1 ... ...
55 to 64 years 120 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 20.3 ... ... 100,500 ... ... 19.4 ... ...
65 to 74 years 50 ... ... 8.1 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 16.2 ... ... 80,845 ... ... 15.6 ... ...
75 to 84 years 20 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 43,190 ... ... 8.3 ... ...
85 years and over 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 16,520 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 492,925 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 79.1 ... ... 407,560 ... ... 82.7 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 20.9 ... ... 85,365 ... ... 17.3 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 18.7 ... ... 75,790 ... ... 15.4 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 620 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 518,055 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 465 ... ... 75.0 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 29.2 ... ... 145,805 ... ... 28.1 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 18.2 ... ... 74,850 ... ... 14.4 ... ...
Not suitable only 195 ... ... 31.5 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 26,905 ... ... 5.2 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 115 ... ... 18.5 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 28,995 ... ... 5.6 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 0.9 ... ... 4,435 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 1.3 ... ... 5,770 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 155 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0.4 ... ... 4,540 ... ... 0.9 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 310 ... ... 0.1 ... ...
Acceptable housing 155 ... ... 25.0 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 70.8 ... ... 372,245 ... ... 71.9 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 100.0 ... ... 483,350 ... ... 100.0 ... ...
In core need 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 10.1 ... ... 48,810 ... ... 10.1 ... ...
Not in core need 0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 89.9 ... ... 434,535 ... ... 89.9 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... ... ... ... 338,920 ... ... ... ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 ... ... ... ... ... ... 60.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 61.1 ... ... 61.1 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 14.8 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 9.9 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
% in core housing need63 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.3 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 4.8 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,100 ... ... 1,100 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,225 ... ... 1,225 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 ... ... ... ... ... ... 472,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 304,000 ... ... 304,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 ... ... ... ... ... ... 618,500 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 338,800 ... ... 338,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... ... ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... ... ... ... 155,090 ... ... ... ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 ... ... ... ... ... ... 11.7 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 17.0 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 33.5 ... ... 33.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 ... ... ... ... ... ... 20.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 22.0 ... ... 22.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,040 ... ... 1,040 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 1,074 ... ... 1,074 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 530 ... ... ... ... ... 69,130 ... ... ... ... ... 12,240 ... ... ... ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 4.7 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 5.9 ... ... 3.7 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 302 ... ... 302 ... ... 284 ... ... 284 ... ... 200 ... ... 200 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 320 ... ... 320 ... ... 327 ... ... 327 ... ... 228 ... ... 228 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 3,375 1,680 1,700 98.7 99.1 98.8 985,200 480,950 504,245 2.7 2.7 2.7 138,505 67,565 70,940 10.6 10.4 10.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 3,375 1,680 1,695 98.7 99.1 98.5 963,705 470,850 492,855 2.7 2.6 2.7 135,665 66,250 69,410 10.4 10.2 10.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 3,370 1,680 1,695 98.5 99.1 98.5 763,230 371,400 391,825 2.1 2.1 2.1 111,560 54,325 57,230 8.5 8.4 8.7
Métis single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0.4 0.4 0.4 23,765 11,765 12,005 1.8 1.8 1.8
Inuit single ancestry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0.1 0.1 0.2 335 160 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,840 1,310 1,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0.0 0.0 0.1 2,740 1,265 1,470 0.2 0.2 0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,070 530 535 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320 165 155 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 15 10 10 0.4 0.6 0.6 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 3.4 3.3 3.4 100,900 49,370 51,530 7.7 7.6 7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 15 10 10 0.4 0.6 0.6 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 3.3 3.2 3.3 96,245 47,335 48,905 7.4 7.3 7.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 10 10 0.4 0.6 0.6 801,630 384,550 417,075 2.2 2.1 2.3 38,520 18,690 19,830 2.9 2.9 3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 362,130 174,975 187,150 1.0 1.0 1.0 57,175 28,405 28,770 4.4 4.4 4.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0.1 0.1 0.1 545 240 305 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,660 2,030 2,625 0.4 0.3 0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,495 1,955 2,540 0.3 0.3 0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,005 500 505 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 125 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 25 10 15 0.7 0.6 0.9 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 93.9 94.1 93.8 1,067,785 533,300 534,485 81.7 82.0 81.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 ... ... ... ... ... ... 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian citizens77 ... ... ... ... ... ... 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 91.2 91.2 91.3 1,175,775 582,760 593,015 89.9 89.6 90.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 18.7 19.4 17.9 275,095 141,220 133,875 21.0 21.7 20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over ... ... ... ... ... ... 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 72.6 71.8 73.3 900,680 441,540 459,145 68.9 67.9 69.9
Not Canadian citizens78 ... ... ... ... ... ... 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 8.8 8.8 8.7 131,410 67,470 63,940 10.1 10.4 9.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 ... ... ... ... ... ... 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-immigrants80 ... ... ... ... ... ... 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 74.4 75.0 73.8 1,015,280 505,375 509,905 77.7 77.7 77.6
Immigrants81 ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 23.0 22.2 23.8 257,620 125,385 132,230 19.7 19.3 20.1
Before 1980 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 4.2 4.1 4.4 38,780 18,260 20,520 3.0 2.8 3.1
1980 to 1990 ... ... ... ... ... ... 924,320 443,805 480,520 2.5 2.5 2.6 21,210 10,580 10,630 1.6 1.6 1.6
1991 to 2000 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 4.2 3.9 4.4 21,305 9,845 11,460 1.6 1.5 1.7
2001 to 2010 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 5.3 5.1 5.5 65,555 32,250 33,305 5.0 5.0 5.1
2011 to 202182 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 6.8 6.6 6.9 110,770 54,455 56,315 8.5 8.4 8.6
2011 to 2015 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 3.1 3.0 3.2 52,400 25,565 26,840 4.0 3.9 4.1
2016 to 2021 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 3.7 3.6 3.7 58,370 28,890 29,480 4.5 4.4 4.5
Non-permanent residents83 ... ... ... ... ... ... 924,850 499,490 425,365 2.5 2.8 2.3 34,290 19,475 14,820 2.6 3.0 2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 10 0 0 100.0 0.0 0.0 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 257,620 125,385 132,230 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under 5 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 748,265 377,795 370,470 8.9 9.5 8.4 26,725 13,740 12,990 10.4 11.0 9.8
5 to 14 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 17.2 18.4 16.1 50,695 26,085 24,615 19.7 20.8 18.6
15 to 24 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 19.1 18.1 19.9 45,575 21,480 24,095 17.7 17.1 18.2
25 to 44 years 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 45.2 44.8 45.6 113,910 54,055 59,855 44.2 43.1 45.3
45 years and over 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 797,180 364,260 432,920 9.5 9.2 9.9 20,710 10,035 10,680 8.0 8.0 8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 100.0 100.0 100.0 257,620 125,385 132,230 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 14.4 13.7 15.0 32,020 15,230 16,795 12.4 12.1 12.7
Brazil ... ... ... ... ... ... 48,450 22,405 26,050 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,810 905 900 0.7 0.7 0.7
Colombia ... ... ... ... ... ... 80,570 36,675 43,900 1.0 0.9 1.0 1,140 565 575 0.4 0.5 0.4
El Salvador ... ... ... ... ... ... 49,450 24,430 25,015 0.6 0.6 0.6 2,575 1,350 1,230 1.0 1.1 0.9
Guyana ... ... ... ... ... ... 85,530 37,870 47,660 1.0 1.0 1.1 1,190 505 685 0.5 0.4 0.5
Haiti ... ... ... ... ... ... 99,945 44,585 55,360 1.2 1.1 1.3 190 95 100 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaica ... ... ... ... ... ... 145,360 63,430 81,925 1.7 1.6 1.9 2,110 995 1,115 0.8 0.8 0.8
Mexico ... ... ... ... ... ... 90,585 42,215 48,370 1.1 1.1 1.1 5,845 2,825 3,025 2.3 2.3 2.3
Peru ... ... ... ... ... ... 31,420 13,925 17,490 0.4 0.4 0.4 250 110 140 0.1 0.1 0.1
Trinidad and Tobago ... ... ... ... ... ... 65,035 29,110 35,930 0.8 0.7 0.8 1,630 800 835 0.6 0.6 0.6
United States of America ... ... ... ... ... ... 256,090 115,380 140,705 3.1 2.9 3.2 6,705 2,875 3,830 2.6 2.3 2.9
Other places of birth in Americas ... ... ... ... ... ... 250,760 116,305 134,460 3.0 2.9 3.1 8,570 4,205 4,365 3.3 3.4 3.3
Europe ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 23.5 24.0 23.1 53,125 26,140 26,980 20.6 20.8 20.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,925 17,705 18,220 0.4 0.4 0.4 940 495 450 0.4 0.4 0.3
Croatia ... ... ... ... ... ... 36,675 18,115 18,560 0.4 0.5 0.4 765 365 400 0.3 0.3 0.3
France ... ... ... ... ... ... 121,525 63,845 57,685 1.5 1.6 1.3 975 535 440 0.4 0.4 0.3
Germany ... ... ... ... ... ... 126,470 60,560 65,915 1.5 1.5 1.5 9,360 4,805 4,560 3.6 3.8 3.4
Greece ... ... ... ... ... ... 54,715 27,050 27,665 0.7 0.7 0.6 770 440 335 0.3 0.4 0.3
Hungary ... ... ... ... ... ... 31,050 14,595 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4 625 300 330 0.2 0.2 0.2
Italy ... ... ... ... ... ... 204,065 101,445 102,625 2.4 2.6 2.3 2,470 1,225 1,245 1.0 1.0 0.9
Netherlands ... ... ... ... ... ... 75,830 39,020 36,810 0.9 1.0 0.8 2,055 1,055 995 0.8 0.8 0.8
Poland ... ... ... ... ... ... 135,030 60,660 74,370 1.6 1.5 1.7 4,395 1,995 2,405 1.7 1.6 1.8
Portugal ... ... ... ... ... ... 128,795 62,880 65,910 1.5 1.6 1.5 4,040 1,965 2,075 1.6 1.6 1.6
Romania ... ... ... ... ... ... 86,770 40,820 45,955 1.0 1.0 1.0 615 310 305 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation ... ... ... ... ... ... 81,840 35,185 46,650 1.0 0.9 1.1 4,235 1,910 2,320 1.6 1.5 1.8
Serbia86 ... ... ... ... ... ... 31,925 15,480 16,450 0.4 0.4 0.4 405 190 220 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine ... ... ... ... ... ... 81,135 36,840 44,295 1.0 0.9 1.0 5,370 2,580 2,785 2.1 2.1 2.1
United Kingdom87 ... ... ... ... ... ... 464,135 229,710 234,430 5.6 5.8 5.3 10,995 5,390 5,605 4.3 4.3 4.2
Other places of birth in Europe ... ... ... ... ... ... 271,725 131,935 139,790 3.2 3.3 3.2 5,105 2,585 2,520 2.0 2.1 1.9
Africa ... ... ... ... ... ... 821,735 412,365 409,375 9.8 10.4 9.3 27,150 13,605 13,545 10.5 10.9 10.2
Algeria ... ... ... ... ... ... 79,660 41,065 38,600 1.0 1.0 0.9 345 145 200 0.1 0.1 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the ... ... ... ... ... ... 33,110 15,775 17,340 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,425 750 675 0.6 0.6 0.5
Egypt ... ... ... ... ... ... 73,710 38,730 34,980 0.9 1.0 0.8 1,315 690 630 0.5 0.6 0.5
Eritrea ... ... ... ... ... ... 31,385 16,575 14,815 0.4 0.4 0.3 2,940 1,550 1,390 1.1 1.2 1.1
Ethiopia ... ... ... ... ... ... 41,715 19,955 21,760 0.5 0.5 0.5 2,945 1,380 1,565 1.1 1.1 1.2
Morocco ... ... ... ... ... ... 81,775 41,085 40,685 1.0 1.0 0.9 480 250 230 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigeria ... ... ... ... ... ... 81,290 41,665 39,620 1.0 1.0 0.9 8,550 4,420 4,125 3.3 3.5 3.1
Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... 32,500 14,600 17,900 0.4 0.4 0.4 880 350 530 0.3 0.3 0.4
South Africa, Republic of ... ... ... ... ... ... 51,590 25,740 25,855 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,180 615 565 0.5 0.5 0.4
Other places of birth in Africa ... ... ... ... ... ... 314,995 157,170 157,825 3.8 4.0 3.6 7,090 3,465 3,625 2.8 2.8 2.7
Asia ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 51.5 51.1 51.9 144,495 69,980 74,515 56.1 55.8 56.4
Afghanistan ... ... ... ... ... ... 62,450 30,940 31,515 0.7 0.8 0.7 845 395 450 0.3 0.3 0.3
Iran88 ... ... ... ... ... ... 182,940 92,300 90,645 2.2 2.3 2.1 1,105 630 475 0.4 0.5 0.4
Iraq ... ... ... ... ... ... 84,130 42,660 41,465 1.0 1.1 0.9 1,295 650 645 0.5 0.5 0.5
Lebanon ... ... ... ... ... ... 95,725 50,675 45,055 1.1 1.3 1.0 345 190 150 0.1 0.2 0.1
Syria89 ... ... ... ... ... ... 97,590 49,855 47,735 1.2 1.3 1.1 1,905 1,020 880 0.7 0.8 0.7
Turkey ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,270 18,835 16,435 0.4 0.5 0.4 255 145 110 0.1 0.1 0.1
China90 ... ... ... ... ... ... 715,835 317,970 397,860 8.6 8.0 9.1 10,250 4,760 5,490 4.0 3.8 4.2
Hong Kong91 ... ... ... ... ... ... 213,855 100,480 113,375 2.6 2.5 2.6 1,255 640 620 0.5 0.5 0.5
Korea, South92 ... ... ... ... ... ... 138,355 63,025 75,325 1.7 1.6 1.7 2,955 1,440 1,515 1.1 1.1 1.1
Taiwan ... ... ... ... ... ... 65,365 28,725 36,635 0.8 0.7 0.8 285 105 180 0.1 0.1 0.1
Philippines ... ... ... ... ... ... 719,580 305,115 414,460 8.6 7.7 9.5 70,265 32,770 37,500 27.3 26.1 28.4
Viet Nam ... ... ... ... ... ... 182,095 82,670 99,425 2.2 2.1 2.3 4,575 2,120 2,455 1.8 1.7 1.9
Bangladesh ... ... ... ... ... ... 70,090 35,675 34,415 0.8 0.9 0.8 1,295 655 640 0.5 0.5 0.5
India ... ... ... ... ... ... 898,050 451,120 446,930 10.7 11.3 10.2 32,155 16,625 15,535 12.5 13.3 11.7
Pakistan ... ... ... ... ... ... 234,105 118,390 115,715 2.8 3.0 2.6 4,170 2,155 2,015 1.6 1.7 1.5
Sri Lanka ... ... ... ... ... ... 136,240 66,215 70,030 1.6 1.7 1.6 1,125 535 585 0.4 0.4 0.4
Other places of birth in Asia ... ... ... ... ... ... 375,340 175,930 199,410 4.5 4.4 4.5 10,410 5,145 5,265 4.0 4.1 4.0
Oceania and other places of birth93 ... ... ... ... ... ... 61,965 31,055 30,910 0.7 0.8 0.7 830 430 395 0.3 0.3 0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 100.0 100.0 100.0 58,370 28,890 29,480 100.0 100.0 100.0
Americas ... ... ... ... ... ... 154,490 74,275 80,215 11.6 11.5 11.7 5,285 2,610 2,675 9.1 9.0 9.1
Brazil ... ... ... ... ... ... 19,895 9,340 10,560 1.5 1.4 1.5 1,435 740 695 2.5 2.6 2.4
Colombia ... ... ... ... ... ... 11,455 5,090 6,365 0.9 0.8 0.9 290 145 150 0.5 0.5 0.5
Haiti ... ... ... ... ... ... 10,550 5,155 5,400 0.8 0.8 0.8 50 30 20 0.1 0.1 0.1
Jamaica ... ... ... ... ... ... 15,155 7,740 7,420 1.1 1.2 1.1 435 230 205 0.7 0.8 0.7
Mexico ... ... ... ... ... ... 17,150 8,405 8,745 1.3 1.3 1.3 660 325 335 1.1 1.1 1.1
United States of America ... ... ... ... ... ... 39,875 19,790 20,085 3.0 3.1 2.9 1,035 520 515 1.8 1.8 1.7
Venezuela95 ... ... ... ... ... ... 7,060 2,980 4,075 0.5 0.5 0.6 45 10 30 0.1 0.0 0.1
Other places of birth in Americas ... ... ... ... ... ... 33,350 15,785 17,570 2.5 2.4 2.6 1,340 615 725 2.3 2.1 2.5
Europe ... ... ... ... ... ... 134,425 69,310 65,120 10.1 10.7 9.5 4,380 2,200 2,175 7.5 7.6 7.4
France ... ... ... ... ... ... 27,175 14,560 12,610 2.0 2.3 1.8 160 95 70 0.3 0.3 0.2
Germany ... ... ... ... ... ... 5,365 2,660 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4 565 275 290 1.0 1.0 1.0
Ireland96 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,355 4,000 2,350 0.5 0.6 0.3 155 95 55 0.3 0.3 0.2
Italy ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,240 2,470 1,770 0.3 0.4 0.3 130 70 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
Russian Federation ... ... ... ... ... ... 10,905 4,335 6,570 0.8 0.7 1.0 655 320 335 1.1 1.1 1.1
Ukraine ... ... ... ... ... ... 14,515 6,570 7,945 1.1 1.0 1.2 1,305 610 695 2.2 2.1 2.4
United Kingdom87 ... ... ... ... ... ... 22,755 13,550 9,200 1.7 2.1 1.3 405 235 165 0.7 0.8 0.6
Other places of birth in Europe ... ... ... ... ... ... 43,120 21,160 21,960 3.2 3.3 3.2 1,010 510 500 1.7 1.8 1.7
Africa ... ... ... ... ... ... 206,965 102,875 104,090 15.6 16.0 15.2 11,065 5,545 5,525 19.0 19.2 18.7
Algeria ... ... ... ... ... ... 15,745 7,530 8,220 1.2 1.2 1.2 250 85 160 0.4 0.3 0.5
Burundi ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,935 2,420 2,510 0.4 0.4 0.4 90 60 35 0.2 0.2 0.1
Cameroon ... ... ... ... ... ... 11,795 5,545 6,250 0.9 0.9 0.9 100 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,915 4,200 4,720 0.7 0.7 0.7 445 235 210 0.8 0.8 0.7
Côte d'Ivoire ... ... ... ... ... ... 7,915 3,795 4,125 0.6 0.6 0.6 75 20 50 0.1 0.1 0.2
Egypt ... ... ... ... ... ... 12,120 6,285 5,835 0.9 1.0 0.9 280 140 140 0.5 0.5 0.5
Eritrea ... ... ... ... ... ... 16,330 8,755 7,575 1.2 1.4 1.1 1,445 755 685 2.5 2.6 2.3
Ethiopia ... ... ... ... ... ... 9,385 4,415 4,970 0.7 0.7 0.7 680 280 405 1.2 1.0 1.4
Morocco ... ... ... ... ... ... 12,835 6,025 6,810 1.0 0.9 1.0 220 115 105 0.4 0.4 0.4
Nigeria ... ... ... ... ... ... 40,360 20,575 19,780 3.0 3.2 2.9 5,105 2,660 2,445 8.7 9.2 8.3
Somalia ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,315 3,240 3,075 0.5 0.5 0.4 385 155 230 0.7 0.5 0.8
South Africa, Republic of ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,510 4,290 4,220 0.6 0.7 0.6 270 150 120 0.5 0.5 0.4
Sudan97 ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,690 2,375 2,315 0.4 0.4 0.3 390 185 200 0.7 0.6 0.7
Tunisia ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,155 4,185 3,975 0.6 0.6 0.6 100 75 30 0.2 0.3 0.1
Other places of birth in Africa ... ... ... ... ... ... 38,960 19,250 19,715 2.9 3.0 2.9 1,235 580 655 2.1 2.0 2.2
Asia ... ... ... ... ... ... 823,205 393,110 430,090 62.0 61.0 62.9 37,420 18,415 19,005 64.1 63.7 64.5
Afghanistan ... ... ... ... ... ... 12,730 6,290 6,440 1.0 1.0 0.9 135 55 75 0.2 0.2 0.3
Bangladesh ... ... ... ... ... ... 13,185 6,670 6,515 1.0 1.0 1.0 580 265 315 1.0 0.9 1.1
China90 ... ... ... ... ... ... 118,035 50,365 67,665 8.9 7.8 9.9 3,585 1,670 1,915 6.1 5.8 6.5
Hong Kong91 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,495 2,880 3,620 0.5 0.4 0.5 210 100 115 0.4 0.3 0.4
India ... ... ... ... ... ... 246,995 128,205 118,790 18.6 19.9 17.4 13,340 6,785 6,550 22.9 23.5 22.2
Iran88 ... ... ... ... ... ... 25,650 12,310 13,340 1.9 1.9 2.0 265 150 120 0.5 0.5 0.4
Iraq ... ... ... ... ... ... 17,715 8,835 8,875 1.3 1.4 1.3 655 305 355 1.1 1.1 1.2
Israel ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,850 2,565 2,290 0.4 0.4 0.3 505 250 255 0.9 0.9 0.9
Japan ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,445 1,035 3,410 0.3 0.2 0.5 80 25 60 0.1 0.1 0.2
Jordan ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,635 2,375 2,260 0.3 0.4 0.3 145 60 85 0.2 0.2 0.3
Korea, South92 ... ... ... ... ... ... 20,985 8,790 12,200 1.6 1.4 1.8 870 440 425 1.5 1.5 1.4
Lebanon ... ... ... ... ... ... 9,980 5,120 4,860 0.8 0.8 0.7 180 105 75 0.3 0.4 0.3
Nepal ... ... ... ... ... ... 4,890 2,475 2,415 0.4 0.4 0.4 100 55 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
Pakistan ... ... ... ... ... ... 36,255 18,070 18,190 2.7 2.8 2.7 1,210 640 570 2.1 2.2 1.9
Philippines ... ... ... ... ... ... 151,490 66,720 84,765 11.4 10.3 12.4 11,705 5,535 6,165 20.1 19.2 20.9
Saudi Arabia ... ... ... ... ... ... 9,560 5,195 4,365 0.7 0.8 0.6 130 70 65 0.2 0.2 0.2
Sri Lanka ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,480 4,010 4,465 0.6 0.6 0.7 190 95 100 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syria89 ... ... ... ... ... ... 63,130 32,725 30,410 4.8 5.1 4.5 1,575 855 725 2.7 3.0 2.5
Turkey ... ... ... ... ... ... 10,150 5,520 4,635 0.8 0.9 0.7 120 65 60 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Arab Emirates ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,405 4,325 4,085 0.6 0.7 0.6 175 95 80 0.3 0.3 0.3
Viet Nam ... ... ... ... ... ... 14,725 5,605 9,125 1.1 0.9 1.3 580 250 335 1.0 0.9 1.1
Other places of birth in Asia ... ... ... ... ... ... 30,410 13,035 17,375 2.3 2.0 2.5 1,075 545 530 1.8 1.9 1.8
Oceania and other93 ... ... ... ... ... ... 9,160 5,335 3,825 0.7 0.8 0.6 215 120 100 0.4 0.4 0.3
Australia ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,535 3,845 2,685 0.5 0.6 0.4 105 50 50 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other places of birth98 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,625 1,490 1,135 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 65 45 0.2 0.2 0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 3,415 1,700 1,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
First generation100 10 10 10 0.3 0.6 0.6 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 26.4 25.8 27.0 302,745 150,415 152,330 23.2 23.1 23.2
Second generation101 0 10 0 0.0 0.6 0.0 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 17.6 17.9 17.3 202,165 100,815 101,345 15.5 15.5 15.4
Third generation or more102 3,405 1,690 1,710 99.7 99.4 99.1 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 56.0 56.3 55.6 802,280 398,995 403,280 61.4 61.4 61.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 218,840 107,130 111,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Economic immigrants104 ... ... ... ... ... ... 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 53.9 56.6 51.3 147,400 74,600 72,800 67.4 69.6 65.2
Principal applicants105 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 22.8 28.8 17.4 57,330 34,270 23,060 26.2 32.0 20.6
Secondary applicants106 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 31.0 27.8 34.0 90,070 40,330 49,740 41.2 37.6 44.5
Immigrants sponsored by family107 ... ... ... ... ... ... 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 29.6 25.3 33.4 45,750 19,465 26,285 20.9 18.2 23.5
Refugees108 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15.2 16.8 13.9 24,560 12,580 11,985 11.2 11.7 10.7
Other immigrants109 ... ... ... ... ... ... 91,900 42,145 49,755 1.3 1.3 1.4 1,130 485 645 0.5 0.5 0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 ... ... ... ... ... ... 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 100.0 100.0 100.0 218,840 107,130 111,715 100.0 100.0 100.0
Asylum claim before admission111 ... ... ... ... ... ... 416,105 222,895 193,205 6.1 6.9 5.4 2,360 1,280 1,080 1.1 1.2 1.0
Work permits only before admission112 ... ... ... ... ... ... 705,405 324,370 381,035 10.3 10.0 10.7 16,195 8,620 7,570 7.4 8.0 6.8
Study permits only before admission113 ... ... ... ... ... ... 183,250 92,135 91,110 2.7 2.8 2.5 4,360 2,245 2,115 2.0 2.1 1.9
Work and study permits before admission114 ... ... ... ... ... ... 377,130 188,535 188,590 5.5 5.8 5.3 11,250 6,310 4,935 5.1 5.9 4.4
Other permits before admission115 ... ... ... ... ... ... 39,540 15,685 23,855 0.6 0.5 0.7 1,235 510 725 0.6 0.5 0.6
No pre-admission experience116 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 74.8 74.0 75.5 183,440 88,155 95,290 83.8 82.3 85.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 3,415 1,695 1,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Total visible minority population118 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 26.5 26.3 26.8 290,735 146,545 144,190 22.2 22.5 21.9
South Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 7.1 7.4 6.8 71,215 38,300 32,915 5.4 5.9 5.0
Chinese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4.7 4.5 4.9 25,390 12,400 12,995 1.9 1.9 2.0
Black 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 4.3 4.2 4.3 46,485 23,800 22,680 3.6 3.7 3.5
Filipino 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 957,355 427,755 529,600 2.6 2.4 2.9 94,315 45,640 48,675 7.2 7.0 7.4
Arab 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 694,015 362,845 331,170 1.9 2.0 1.8 7,820 4,120 3,695 0.6 0.6 0.6
Latin American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580,235 281,030 299,200 1.6 1.6 1.6 12,835 6,425 6,410 1.0 1.0 1.0
Southeast Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390,340 184,120 206,220 1.1 1.0 1.1 11,370 5,470 5,905 0.9 0.8 0.9
West Asian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360,495 181,795 178,695 1.0 1.0 1.0 3,450 1,800 1,645 0.3 0.3 0.3
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 218,140 101,855 116,285 0.6 0.6 0.6 4,325 2,095 2,225 0.3 0.3 0.3
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,890 42,315 56,575 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,860 885 975 0.1 0.1 0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 172,885 83,310 89,580 0.5 0.5 0.5 3,220 1,520 1,700 0.2 0.2 0.3
Multiple visible minorities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 331,805 160,790 171,010 0.9 0.9 0.9 8,455 4,080 4,375 0.6 0.6 0.7
Not a visible minority120 3,415 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 99.7 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 73.5 73.7 73.2 1,016,450 503,690 512,760 77.8 77.5 78.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 3,420 1,695 1,720 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,185 650,235 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Canadian 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 15.6 15.8 15.4 109,195 55,655 53,545 8.4 8.6 8.2
English 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 14.7 14.5 14.8 210,285 102,600 107,685 16.1 15.8 16.4
Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 12.1 11.7 12.6 144,420 68,390 76,030 11.0 10.5 11.6
Scottish 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 12.1 11.9 12.3 189,650 92,140 97,500 14.5 14.2 14.8
French, n.o.s.122 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 11.0 11.0 11.0 121,095 59,145 61,945 9.3 9.1 9.4
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 8.1 8.1 8.2 177,355 87,730 89,630 13.6 13.5 13.6
Chinese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4.7 4.5 4.9 29,550 14,350 15,200 2.3 2.2 2.3
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 4.3 4.3 4.2 22,835 11,405 11,435 1.7 1.8 1.7
Indian (India) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 3.7 3.9 3.6 38,825 20,540 18,280 3.0 3.2 2.8
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 3.5 3.4 3.5 165,305 80,985 84,320 12.6 12.5 12.8
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 988,585 489,045 499,545 2.7 2.7 2.7 43,390 21,330 22,055 3.3 3.3 3.4
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 982,820 472,290 510,525 2.7 2.6 2.8 78,860 38,085 40,780 6.0 5.9 6.2
Québécois 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 981,635 490,130 491,510 2.7 2.7 2.7 1,270 650 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.123 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 938,950 462,420 476,530 2.6 2.6 2.6 26,990 13,555 13,440 2.1 2.1 2.0
Filipino 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 925,490 414,915 510,570 2.5 2.3 2.8 90,945 43,995 46,955 7.0 6.8 7.1
French Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 906,315 441,610 464,705 2.5 2.5 2.5 12,435 5,870 6,555 1.0 0.9 1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 691,260 347,080 344,175 1.9 1.9 1.9 17,290 8,920 8,365 1.3 1.4 1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 2,225 1,110 1,115 65.1 65.5 64.8 632,340 304,220 328,120 1.7 1.7 1.8 58,255 28,405 29,850 4.5 4.4 4.5
Métis 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 560,335 271,985 288,350 1.5 1.5 1.6 88,300 43,445 44,860 6.8 6.7 6.8
European, n.o.s.126 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 551,910 278,060 273,850 1.5 1.6 1.5 14,900 7,525 7,380 1.1 1.2 1.1
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 548,140 260,075 288,065 1.5 1.4 1.6 48,570 23,770 24,795 3.7 3.7 3.8
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 466,500 224,290 242,210 1.3 1.3 1.3 19,115 8,940 10,180 1.5 1.4 1.5
Welsh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 455,720 216,490 239,230 1.3 1.2 1.3 17,180 8,090 9,090 1.3 1.2 1.4
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 448,305 222,770 225,535 1.2 1.2 1.2 13,395 6,755 6,645 1.0 1.0 1.0
American 10 10 0 0.3 0.6 0.0 353,495 172,240 181,255 1.0 1.0 1.0 8,345 4,040 4,310 0.6 0.6 0.7
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 342,040 160,475 181,570 0.9 0.9 1.0 10,845 5,165 5,680 0.8 0.8 0.9
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 334,505 156,840 177,665 0.9 0.9 1.0 21,165 9,840 11,325 1.6 1.5 1.7
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 320,150 155,755 164,395 0.9 0.9 0.9 10,175 5,030 5,150 0.8 0.8 0.8
Acadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305,170 145,500 159,675 0.8 0.8 0.9 1,465 710 760 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pakistani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 303,260 154,435 148,825 0.8 0.9 0.8 5,030 2,605 2,425 0.4 0.4 0.4
African, n.o.s.127 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,955 148,335 153,625 0.8 0.8 0.8 8,460 4,385 4,070 0.6 0.7 0.6
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 282,015 141,530 140,490 0.8 0.8 0.8 11,745 5,775 5,970 0.9 0.9 0.9
Punjabi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,950 145,620 134,330 0.8 0.8 0.7 13,790 7,570 6,215 1.1 1.2 0.9
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275,530 131,075 144,445 0.8 0.7 0.8 7,290 3,470 3,820 0.6 0.5 0.6
Arab, n.o.s.128 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 263,710 138,210 125,500 0.7 0.8 0.7 3,245 1,750 1,495 0.2 0.3 0.2
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,140 132,975 129,160 0.7 0.7 0.7 3,795 1,960 1,835 0.3 0.3 0.3
Jamaican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,070 119,265 129,805 0.7 0.7 0.7 4,475 2,370 2,100 0.3 0.4 0.3
Asian, n.o.s.129 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 226,220 107,785 118,435 0.6 0.6 0.6 9,280 4,610 4,680 0.7 0.7 0.7
Cree, n.o.s.130 70 30 45 2.0 1.8 2.6 219,855 105,825 114,030 0.6 0.6 0.6 40,225 19,450 20,770 3.1 3.0 3.2
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 217,650 101,805 115,845 0.6 0.6 0.6 4,250 2,040 2,210 0.3 0.3 0.3
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215,885 103,720 112,165 0.6 0.6 0.6 5,510 2,655 2,855 0.4 0.4 0.4
Lebanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 210,605 107,990 102,615 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,505 765 740 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iranian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 200,465 100,790 99,675 0.6 0.6 0.5 1,455 825 630 0.1 0.1 0.1
Christian, n.i.e.131 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 200,340 99,800 100,540 0.6 0.6 0.5 5,240 2,640 2,600 0.4 0.4 0.4
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,945 96,220 100,725 0.5 0.5 0.5 7,700 3,640 4,060 0.6 0.6 0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 60 35 25 1.8 2.1 1.5 194,840 94,035 100,810 0.5 0.5 0.5 17,400 8,510 8,890 1.3 1.3 1.4
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 194,640 101,255 93,385 0.5 0.6 0.5 9,095 4,855 4,240 0.7 0.7 0.6
Austrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 189,535 92,740 96,800 0.5 0.5 0.5 11,440 5,540 5,900 0.9 0.9 0.9
Belgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 182,175 90,150 92,030 0.5 0.5 0.5 20,580 10,335 10,245 1.6 1.6 1.6
Haitian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0.5 0.5 0.5 390 230 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0.5 0.5 0.4 4,560 2,485 2,075 0.3 0.4 0.3
Mexican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,495 77,435 78,055 0.4 0.4 0.4 7,425 3,720 3,710 0.6 0.6 0.6
Mennonite 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155,095 77,735 77,360 0.4 0.4 0.4 51,200 25,700 25,500 3.9 4.0 3.9
Swiss 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145,570 72,015 73,555 0.4 0.4 0.4 5,255 2,550 2,705 0.4 0.4 0.4
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,055 69,270 74,785 0.4 0.4 0.4 4,100 1,950 2,145 0.3 0.3 0.3
Sri Lankan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,180 625 560 0.1 0.1 0.1
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130,820 64,915 65,905 0.4 0.4 0.4 3,080 1,545 1,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 129,425 56,850 72,580 0.4 0.3 0.4 2,770 1,305 1,465 0.2 0.2 0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.133 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,730 910 820 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 111,605 53,700 57,905 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,115 560 555 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.135 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110,735 54,730 56,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 4,505 2,125 2,375 0.3 0.3 0.4
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,895 980 910 0.1 0.2 0.1
Egyptian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,245 55,230 50,020 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,635 870 765 0.1 0.1 0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0.3 0.3 0.3 2,755 1,290 1,470 0.2 0.2 0.2
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 350 205 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0.3 0.3 0.3 31,105 15,305 15,795 2.4 2.4 2.4
Colombian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,555 47,995 52,560 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,380 650 730 0.1 0.1 0.1
Moroccan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0.3 0.3 0.3 540 250 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,925 47,495 51,430 0.3 0.3 0.3 4,330 2,080 2,245 0.3 0.3 0.3
Syrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,250 49,385 48,865 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,680 875 800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,375 670 705 0.1 0.1 0.1
Afghan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,240 625 615 0.1 0.1 0.1
Black, n.o.s.137 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 94,585 44,335 50,250 0.3 0.2 0.3 2,175 1,135 1,045 0.2 0.2 0.2
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,335 665 670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway 60 25 30 1.8 1.5 1.7 92,220 44,610 47,600 0.3 0.2 0.3 24,885 11,890 12,995 1.9 1.8 2.0
Newfoundlander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0.3 0.3 0.3 830 440 395 0.1 0.1 0.1
Hong Konger 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,020 515 510 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0.2 0.2 0.2 530 260 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0.2 0.2 0.2 555 285 275 0.0 0.0 0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,460 1,215 1,245 0.2 0.2 0.2
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0.2 0.2 0.2 885 520 360 0.1 0.1 0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.138 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,140 515 620 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladeshi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,850 1,125 725 0.1 0.2 0.1
Algerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 290 145 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Brazilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 71,755 34,670 37,085 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,110 1,030 1,080 0.2 0.2 0.2
Nigerian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 5,580 2,860 2,720 0.4 0.4 0.4
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0.2 0.2 0.2 410 180 230 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68,210 33,475 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,135 1,005 1,130 0.2 0.2 0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,780 31,525 35,255 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,975 1,425 1,550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,490 700 785 0.1 0.1 0.1
Taiwanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,020 29,280 34,740 0.2 0.2 0.2 435 160 280 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iraqi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0.2 0.2 0.2 740 355 390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Salvadorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,280 29,150 30,130 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,575 1,360 1,215 0.2 0.2 0.2
African Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0.2 0.1 0.2 820 355 455 0.1 0.1 0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,060 1,030 1,025 0.2 0.2 0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0.2 0.2 0.2 715 390 325 0.1 0.1 0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0.2 0.1 0.2 1,240 565 685 0.1 0.1 0.1
Algonquin 95 50 45 2.8 2.9 2.6 56,070 27,025 29,040 0.2 0.2 0.2 525 300 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.143 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0.1 0.1 0.2 1,150 555 595 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 52,040 24,510 27,530 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,330 660 665 0.1 0.1 0.1
South African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,195 595 600 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 46,765 24,165 22,595 0.1 0.1 0.1 895 435 465 0.1 0.1 0.1
Palestinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 555 310 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chilean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,580 810 770 0.1 0.1 0.1
Congolese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,260 22,000 23,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,410 715 690 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0.1 0.1 0.1 305 145 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ethiopian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,975 1,440 1,530 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,130 635 500 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peruvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,295 19,925 22,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 345 160 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0.1 0.1 0.1 4,885 2,540 2,350 0.4 0.4 0.4
Cambodian (Khmer) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0.1 0.1 0.1 815 400 420 0.1 0.1 0.1
Berber 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0.1 0.1 0.1 235 115 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maltese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0.1 0.1 0.1 375 160 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0.1 0.1 0.1 260 145 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0.1 0.1 0.1 990 470 525 0.1 0.1 0.1
Western European, n.o.s.145 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0.1 0.1 0.1 825 385 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Brunswicker 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0.1 0.1 0.1 135 70 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,250 765 480 0.1 0.1 0.1
Eritrean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0.1 0.1 0.1 3,345 1,670 1,675 0.3 0.3 0.3
African Canadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0.1 0.1 0.1 610 325 290 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israeli 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,435 770 670 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0.1 0.1 0.1 470 235 240 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,135 15,355 17,775 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,645 740 905 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 350 185 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Albertan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 85 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ghanaian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0.1 0.1 0.1 565 335 235 0.0 0.1 0.0
Barbadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 515 250 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
African American 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,430 15,700 15,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 860 455 405 0.1 0.1 0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0.1 0.1 0.1 860 425 440 0.1 0.1 0.1
Tunisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 105 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.148 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,175 600 570 0.1 0.1 0.1
Cuban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0.1 0.1 0.1 260 90 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,040 510 530 0.1 0.1 0.1
Venezuelan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0.1 0.1 0.1 190 65 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0.1 0.1 0.1 75 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 28,140 13,515 14,620 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,310 660 650 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0.1 0.1 0.1 495 325 175 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cameroonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 240 105 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guatemalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0.1 0.1 0.1 505 285 225 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0.1 0.1 0.1 605 265 340 0.0 0.0 0.1
Laotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,840 895 950 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,365 740 625 0.1 0.1 0.1
Northern Irish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 645 320 330 0.0 0.0 0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.150 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 635 335 300 0.0 0.1 0.0
British Columbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0.1 0.1 0.1 110 65 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ecuadorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0.1 0.1 0.1 280 120 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
Franco Ontarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 40 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Argentinian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0.1 0.1 0.1 625 290 335 0.0 0.0 0.1
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0.1 0.1 0.1 320 170 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0.1 0.1 0.1 590 300 285 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fijian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 120 70 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jatt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,240 610 625 0.1 0.1 0.1
North American, n.o.s.151 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0.1 0.1 0.1 520 270 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0.1 0.1 0.1 615 300 315 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0.1 0.0 0.1 820 315 505 0.1 0.0 0.1
Dominican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 260 135 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0.1 0.1 0.1 625 335 285 0.0 0.1 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,565 10,595 9,975 0.1 0.1 0.1 60 35 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0.1 0.1 0.1 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,715 915 800 0.1 0.1 0.1
Byelorussian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0.1 0.1 0.1 775 390 390 0.1 0.1 0.1
Dene, n.o.s.152 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,370 650 725 0.1 0.1 0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0.1 0.1 0.1 455 245 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Abenaki 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0.1 0.0 0.1 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldovan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0.1 0.0 0.1 235 110 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0.0 0.0 0.1 215 110 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
New Zealander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0.0 0.1 0.0 270 115 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sudanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 355 150 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Breton 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 290 155 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0.0 0.0 0.1 380 160 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malaysian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plains Cree 20 0 15 0.6 0.0 0.9 16,570 8,255 8,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 160 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
North African, n.o.s.155 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Huron (Wendat) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 50 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saskatchewanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0.0 0.0 0.0 395 170 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 200 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gaspesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norman 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 195 210 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ivorian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 45 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteaux 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,445 1,545 1,900 0.3 0.2 0.3
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 35 25 10 1.0 1.5 0.6 14,260 6,525 7,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,585 1,550 2,030 0.3 0.2 0.3
Burundian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0.0 0.0 0.0 385 200 185 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrinya 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,400 735 665 0.1 0.1 0.1
Nicaraguan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 205 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mauritian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 130 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kenyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 240 245 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 865 430 440 25.3 25.4 25.6 13,525 6,610 6,915 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,665 2,790 2,880 0.4 0.4 0.4
Vincentian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 60 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jordanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 100 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Manitoban 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,155 3,600 3,555 0.5 0.6 0.5
Cape Bretoner 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rwandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 165 200 0.0 0.0 0.0
Grenadian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 45 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 165 145 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 615 275 335 0.0 0.0 0.1
Mayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0.0 0.0 0.0 605 310 295 0.0 0.0 0.0
Honduran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 295 265 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cherokee 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0.0 0.0 0.0 310 110 195 0.0 0.0 0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Caribbean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 100 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Flemish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,095 495 590 0.1 0.1 0.1
United Empire Loyalist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 55 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Senegalese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 85 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sicilian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 370 165 205 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 75 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 210 250 0.0 0.0 0.0
Goan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.158 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 185 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Zimbabwean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0.0 0.0 0.0 235 110 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0.0 0.0 0.0 260 130 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 90 115 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azorean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bamileke 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Guyanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 50 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ugandan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0.0 0.0 0.0 225 105 120 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 260 220 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tanzanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 55 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yemeni 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 60 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central African 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0.0 0.0 0.0 210 65 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
Libyan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 130 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Basque 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uruguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 25 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan, n.o.s.159 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 50 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0.0 0.0 0.0 280 130 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igorot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 105 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0.0 0.0 0.0 205 105 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 125 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
Guinean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
St. Lucian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Maliseet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Beninese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Roma 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0.0 0.0 0.0 230 100 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Costa Rican 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 55 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
African Nova Scotian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 40 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 35 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Singaporean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 250 215 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0.0 0.0 0.0 400 210 190 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tajik 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amhara 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 455 225 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
Paraguayan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,210 1,570 1,640 0.2 0.2 0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 3,415 1,695 1,725 100.0 100.0 100.0 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,307,190 650,230 656,955 100.0 100.0 100.0
Buddhist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 356,975 157,435 199,540 1.0 0.9 1.1 7,440 3,365 4,080 0.6 0.5 0.6
Christian 3,165 1,575 1,590 92.7 92.9 92.2 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 53.3 50.9 55.7 708,850 335,490 373,365 54.2 51.6 56.8
Christian, n.o.s.162 70 40 30 2.0 2.4 1.7 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 7.6 7.4 7.8 149,880 73,465 76,415 11.5 11.3 11.6
Anabaptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0.4 0.4 0.4 31,000 14,905 16,095 2.4 2.3 2.4
Anglican 0 10 0 0.0 0.6 0.0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 3.1 2.9 3.4 42,660 18,960 23,700 3.3 2.9 3.6
Baptist 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 436,940 200,325 236,615 1.2 1.1 1.3 14,260 6,770 7,490 1.1 1.0 1.1
Catholic 2,985 1,490 1,500 87.4 87.9 87.0 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 29.9 29.0 30.9 276,925 132,290 144,635 21.2 20.3 22.0
Christian Orthodox 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 623,010 301,055 321,955 1.7 1.7 1.8 17,445 8,240 9,205 1.3 1.3 1.4
Jehovah's Witness 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 137,255 59,505 77,750 0.4 0.3 0.4 3,985 1,770 2,215 0.3 0.3 0.3
Latter Day Saints 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.6 87,725 41,365 46,360 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,640 815 830 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lutheran 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 328,045 150,115 177,925 0.9 0.8 1.0 27,775 12,665 15,115 2.1 1.9 2.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,655 46,640 54,020 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,860 915 945 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 40 20 25 1.2 1.2 1.4 399,025 180,870 218,155 1.1 1.0 1.2 20,465 9,700 10,765 1.6 1.5 1.6
Presbyterian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 301,400 136,440 164,960 0.8 0.8 0.9 5,725 2,585 3,140 0.4 0.4 0.5
Reformed 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,430 1,210 1,220 0.2 0.2 0.2
United Church 50 20 30 1.5 1.2 1.7 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 3.3 3.0 3.7 75,425 33,275 42,150 5.8 5.1 6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.6 745,650 345,540 400,110 2.1 1.9 2.2 37,380 17,925 19,455 2.9 2.8 3.0
Hindu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 828,195 430,135 398,060 2.3 2.4 2.2 18,355 10,005 8,350 1.4 1.5 1.3
Jewish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 335,295 164,220 171,070 0.9 0.9 0.9 11,565 5,685 5,875 0.9 0.9 0.9
Muslim 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 4.9 5.0 4.7 26,430 13,960 12,470 2.0 2.1 1.9
Sikh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 771,790 394,345 377,445 2.1 2.2 2.1 35,470 18,625 16,850 2.7 2.9 2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 95 50 50 2.8 2.9 2.9 80,685 38,460 42,230 0.2 0.2 0.2 10,190 4,735 5,455 0.8 0.7 0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0.6 0.5 0.7 8,570 3,665 4,910 0.7 0.6 0.7
No religion and secular perspectives 155 75 80 4.5 4.4 4.6 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 34.6 36.9 32.4 480,315 254,700 225,615 36.7 39.2 34.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 3,345 1,670 1,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,291,715 642,120 649,595 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 3,205 1,595 1,605 95.8 95.5 95.8 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 87.8 87.8 87.8 1,131,315 562,370 568,945 87.6 87.6 87.6
Movers 145 75 70 4.3 4.5 4.2 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 12.2 12.2 12.2 160,395 79,750 80,650 12.4 12.4 12.4
Non-migrants 120 65 55 3.6 3.9 3.3 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 7.1 7.2 7.1 107,815 53,405 54,415 8.3 8.3 8.4
Migrants 25 0 15 0.7 0.0 0.9 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 5.0 5.0 5.0 52,580 26,350 26,235 4.1 4.1 4.0
Internal migrants 25 0 15 0.7 0.0 0.9 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 4.2 4.2 4.2 43,010 21,565 21,445 3.3 3.4 3.3
Intraprovincial migrants 15 0 15 0.4 0.0 0.9 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 3.5 3.5 3.5 28,745 13,895 14,850 2.2 2.2 2.3
Interprovincial migrants 10 0 0 0.3 0.0 0.0 268,965 135,215 133,750 0.7 0.8 0.7 14,260 7,670 6,595 1.1 1.2 1.0
External migrants 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 293,955 147,585 146,370 0.8 0.8 0.8 9,575 4,785 4,790 0.7 0.7 0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 3,020 1,520 1,510 100.0 100.0 100.0 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,228,155 609,800 618,355 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-movers 2,325 1,185 1,140 77.0 78.0 75.5 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 61.0 61.0 61.1 754,005 374,495 379,510 61.4 61.4 61.4
Movers 695 330 365 23.0 21.7 24.2 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 39.0 39.0 38.9 474,145 235,305 238,850 38.6 38.6 38.6
Non-migrants 515 250 265 17.1 16.4 17.5 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 16.7 16.7 16.8 249,915 123,190 126,720 20.3 20.2 20.5
Migrants 180 85 100 6.0 5.6 6.6 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 22.2 22.3 22.2 224,235 112,110 112,125 18.3 18.4 18.1
Internal migrants 180 80 95 6.0 5.3 6.3 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 17.3 17.2 17.4 154,275 76,075 78,205 12.6 12.5 12.6
Intraprovincial migrants 165 80 90 5.5 5.3 6.0 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 14.7 14.5 14.8 122,120 59,775 62,345 9.9 9.8 10.1
Interprovincial migrants 10 0 10 0.3 0.0 0.7 921,345 459,695 461,650 2.7 2.7 2.6 32,155 16,295 15,860 2.6 2.7 2.6
External migrants 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 4.9 5.1 4.8 69,960 36,035 33,925 5.7 5.9 5.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 1,280 665 615 61.1 63.6 58.3 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 18.0 19.6 16.6 220,975 119,615 101,360 20.9 22.9 18.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 820 375 445 39.1 35.9 42.2 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 82.0 80.4 83.4 837,440 402,890 434,545 79.1 77.1 81.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 1,295 635 655 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 700 370 330 54.1 58.3 50.4 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 11.6 13.6 9.7 93,765 54,570 39,190 13.9 16.3 11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 595 270 330 45.9 42.5 50.4 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 88.4 86.4 90.3 581,930 280,590 301,345 86.1 83.7 88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 2,095 1,045 1,055 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,415 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 1,240 640 600 59.2 61.2 56.9 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 16.2 17.1 15.3 199,845 106,915 92,930 18.9 20.5 17.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 520 240 285 24.8 23.0 27.0 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 26.7 27.1 26.3 326,725 165,725 161,000 30.9 31.7 30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 335 165 170 16.0 15.8 16.1 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 57.2 55.9 58.4 531,840 249,865 281,975 50.2 47.8 52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 220 115 100 10.5 11.0 9.5 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 30.5 31.1 29.9 289,775 143,310 146,465 27.4 27.4 27.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 55 45 10 2.6 4.3 0.9 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 8.7 12.2 5.4 70,655 50,775 19,880 6.7 9.7 3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 25 20 10 1.2 1.9 0.9 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 4.8 5.6 4.1 33,000 19,615 13,385 3.1 3.8 2.5
Apprenticeship certificate169 25 20 0 1.2 1.9 0.0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 3.9 6.6 1.3 37,655 31,170 6,495 3.6 6.0 1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 150 70 80 7.2 6.7 7.6 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 18.8 16.4 21.2 187,205 78,650 108,555 17.7 15.1 20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 15 10 10 0.7 1.0 0.9 896,755 372,560 524,195 3.0 2.5 3.4 31,915 13,885 18,030 3.0 2.7 3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher 115 50 65 5.5 4.8 6.2 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 26.7 24.8 28.5 242,070 106,550 135,515 22.9 20.4 25.3
Bachelor's degree 90 35 50 4.3 3.3 4.7 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 17.5 15.7 19.1 170,835 73,420 97,410 16.1 14.1 18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 15 0 10 0.7 0.0 0.9 556,510 243,200 313,310 1.8 1.6 2.0 19,020 8,040 10,980 1.8 1.5 2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10 10 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 214,105 108,000 106,105 0.7 0.7 0.7 6,605 3,540 3,055 0.6 0.7 0.6
Master's degree 15 10 0 0.7 1.0 0.0 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 5.7 5.5 5.9 39,155 17,765 21,395 3.7 3.4 4.0
Earned doctorate171 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,660 165,795 113,870 0.9 1.1 0.7 6,460 3,790 2,670 0.6 0.7 0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 1,290 635 655 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree 665 345 320 51.6 54.3 48.9 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 9.9 11.4 8.4 82,960 48,095 34,865 12.3 14.3 10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 340 150 190 26.4 23.6 29.0 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 23.0 24.4 21.6 191,820 101,785 90,030 28.4 30.4 26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 290 145 145 22.5 22.8 22.1 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 67.1 64.2 70.0 400,915 185,280 215,635 59.3 55.3 63.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 190 105 85 14.7 16.5 13.0 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 34.3 34.7 33.8 206,375 101,960 104,415 30.5 30.4 30.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 45 35 10 3.5 5.5 1.5 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 9.6 13.3 6.1 48,360 34,915 13,440 7.2 10.4 3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 25 20 10 1.9 3.1 1.5 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 5.4 6.1 4.7 21,795 13,050 8,745 3.2 3.9 2.6
Apprenticeship certificate169 20 20 0 1.6 3.1 0.0 836,220 693,830 142,395 4.3 7.2 1.4 26,560 21,860 4,695 3.9 6.5 1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 130 60 65 10.1 9.4 9.9 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 21.4 18.7 24.1 136,480 57,535 78,945 20.2 17.2 23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 10 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 623,090 261,035 362,050 3.2 2.7 3.6 21,540 9,510 12,025 3.2 2.8 3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher 100 40 60 7.8 6.3 9.2 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 32.9 29.5 36.1 194,545 83,315 111,225 28.8 24.9 32.7
Bachelor's degree 75 30 50 5.8 4.7 7.6 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 21.3 18.8 23.8 138,130 58,540 79,585 20.4 17.5 23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 10 0 10 0.8 0.0 1.5 430,875 179,230 251,645 2.2 1.9 2.5 14,055 5,695 8,360 2.1 1.7 2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0.9 0.8 0.9 5,440 2,700 2,740 0.8 0.8 0.8
Master's degree 15 10 0 1.2 1.6 0.0 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 7.4 6.9 7.9 32,255 13,895 18,355 4.8 4.1 5.4
Earned doctorate171 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 209,445 115,530 93,915 1.1 1.2 0.9 4,665 2,480 2,180 0.7 0.7 0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 2,100 1,040 1,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 1,765 875 890 84.0 84.1 84.8 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 42.8 44.1 41.6 526,565 272,640 253,930 49.8 52.2 47.4
Education 100 40 65 4.8 3.8 6.2 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5 46,425 12,035 34,390 4.4 2.3 6.4
13. Education 100 40 65 4.8 3.8 6.2 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 3.7 1.7 5.5 46,425 12,035 34,390 4.4 2.3 6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 631,255 274,065 357,190 2.1 1.8 2.3 13,220 5,915 7,305 1.2 1.1 1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 74,785 53,390 21,395 0.2 0.4 0.1 1,400 1,070 325 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 556,470 220,680 335,790 1.8 1.5 2.2 11,820 4,840 6,980 1.1 0.9 1.3
Humanities 10 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 926,560 354,120 572,440 3.1 2.4 3.7 26,260 11,175 15,085 2.5 2.1 2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 106,345 23,460 82,885 0.4 0.2 0.5 1,910 505 1,405 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 184,600 53,020 131,580 0.6 0.4 0.9 4,390 1,270 3,120 0.4 0.2 0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 0 10 0 0.0 1.0 0.0 316,050 119,215 196,830 1.0 0.8 1.3 8,810 3,550 5,260 0.8 0.7 1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,935 6,835 12,095 0.1 0.0 0.1 520 205 320 0.0 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 57,745 33,040 24,700 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,810 1,085 725 0.2 0.2 0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 77,510 46,140 31,365 0.3 0.3 0.2 4,670 2,665 2,010 0.4 0.5 0.4
54. History 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,935 58,310 50,620 0.4 0.4 0.3 3,250 1,745 1,510 0.3 0.3 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56,440 14,090 42,345 0.2 0.1 0.3 890 155 740 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 15 0 10 0.7 0.0 1.0 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 6.6 4.5 8.7 53,520 18,160 35,360 5.1 3.5 6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 10 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 29,430 7,065 22,365 0.1 0.0 0.1 1,105 230 880 0.1 0.0 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 233,400 88,205 145,200 0.8 0.6 0.9 4,755 2,230 2,525 0.4 0.4 0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 10 0 10 0.5 0.0 1.0 344,150 27,905 316,240 1.1 0.2 2.0 11,430 840 10,590 1.1 0.2 2.0
22. Legal professions and studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325,785 115,335 210,445 1.1 0.8 1.4 7,840 2,605 5,235 0.7 0.5 1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 49,855 16,000 33,850 0.2 0.1 0.2 1,425 430 995 0.1 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 327,965 79,295 248,665 1.1 0.5 1.6 9,330 2,620 6,715 0.9 0.5 1.3
45. Social sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 705,540 336,960 368,580 2.3 2.3 2.4 17,630 9,200 8,425 1.7 1.8 1.6
Business, management and public administration 70 25 40 3.3 2.4 3.8 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 12.4 10.0 14.7 109,380 42,975 66,405 10.3 8.2 12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science 10 10 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 55 235 0.0 0.0 0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions 20 10 10 1.0 1.0 1.0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0.9 0.4 1.4 9,140 2,145 6,995 0.9 0.4 1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 45 20 25 2.1 1.9 2.4 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 11.5 9.6 13.2 99,955 40,780 59,175 9.4 7.8 11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies 10 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 719,715 353,540 366,175 2.4 2.4 2.4 18,690 9,215 9,480 1.8 1.8 1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 297,055 121,615 175,435 1.0 0.8 1.1 7,670 3,530 4,140 0.7 0.7 0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 10 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 155,955 72,245 83,705 0.5 0.5 0.5 5,710 2,780 2,930 0.5 0.5 0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0.1 0.1 0.1 650 110 545 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,620 130,745 65,875 0.6 0.9 0.4 3,680 2,510 1,170 0.3 0.5 0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34,710 13,985 20,730 0.1 0.1 0.1 990 290 700 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 10 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 804,230 531,435 272,795 2.7 3.6 1.8 23,790 15,020 8,770 2.2 2.9 1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 10 0 0 0.5 0.0 0.0 643,145 454,370 188,775 2.1 3.1 1.2 20,040 13,490 6,550 1.9 2.6 1.2
25. Library science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 43,085 7,100 35,985 0.1 0.0 0.2 1,190 190 1,000 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 99,360 57,560 41,800 0.3 0.4 0.3 2,300 1,180 1,125 0.2 0.2 0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0.1 0.1 0.0 255 155 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 70 65 10 3.3 6.3 1.0 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 11.6 21.1 2.4 101,835 92,590 9,240 9.6 17.7 1.7
04. Architecture and related services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135,020 81,930 53,090 0.4 0.6 0.3 2,910 1,660 1,245 0.3 0.3 0.2
14. Engineering 10 10 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 900,475 723,080 177,395 3.0 4.9 1.1 20,020 16,270 3,745 1.9 3.1 0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 726,155 638,355 87,800 2.4 4.3 0.6 22,455 19,910 2,550 2.1 3.8 0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 580 190 390 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 45 45 0 2.1 4.3 0.0 703,905 683,060 20,845 2.3 4.6 0.1 23,215 22,610 605 2.2 4.3 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 15 15 0 0.7 1.4 0.0 659,480 640,895 18,590 2.2 4.3 0.1 23,255 22,635 620 2.2 4.3 0.1
48. Precision production 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 380,505 363,710 16,795 1.3 2.4 0.1 9,980 9,495 480 0.9 1.8 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 407,545 234,360 173,175 1.3 1.6 1.1 17,715 11,285 6,435 1.7 2.2 1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 262,580 140,520 122,070 0.9 0.9 0.8 14,210 9,130 5,075 1.3 1.7 0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 144,960 93,845 51,115 0.5 0.6 0.3 3,510 2,150 1,355 0.3 0.4 0.3
Health and related fields 40 15 30 1.9 1.4 2.9 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 8.1 3.3 12.7 92,705 18,030 74,675 8.8 3.5 13.9
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 180,785 89,005 91,780 0.6 0.6 0.6 4,550 2,195 2,355 0.4 0.4 0.4
51. Health professions and related programs178 40 15 30 1.9 1.4 2.9 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 7.2 2.4 11.9 85,955 14,675 71,285 8.1 2.8 13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 40 150 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,030 34,630 29,400 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,005 1,120 885 0.2 0.2 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 30 15 10 1.4 1.4 1.0 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 3.3 3.5 3.1 28,215 13,460 14,755 2.7 2.6 2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 10 10 0 0.5 1.0 0.0 548,520 151,115 397,410 1.8 1.0 2.6 17,270 4,460 12,810 1.6 0.9 2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,965 3,520 445 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 120 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,900 6,210 690 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 145 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 10 10 10 0.5 1.0 1.0 227,835 160,930 66,905 0.8 1.1 0.4 5,055 3,610 1,450 0.5 0.7 0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving 10 10 10 0.5 1.0 1.0 219,205 199,190 20,010 0.7 1.3 0.1 5,590 5,125 465 0.5 1.0 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 15 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 1,290 640 660 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 1,005 490 515 77.9 76.6 78.0 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0 274,780 149,880 124,900 40.7 44.7 36.7
Education 80 30 50 6.2 4.7 7.6 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9 31,325 7,835 23,490 4.6 2.3 6.9
13. Education 80 30 50 6.2 4.7 7.6 742,175 158,185 583,990 3.8 1.6 5.9 31,325 7,835 23,490 4.6 2.3 6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 490,455 210,500 279,955 2.5 2.2 2.8 9,955 4,360 5,595 1.5 1.3 1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54,645 38,170 16,475 0.3 0.4 0.2 910 675 240 0.1 0.2 0.1
50. Visual and performing arts 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 435,815 172,330 263,480 2.2 1.8 2.6 9,040 3,685 5,355 1.3 1.1 1.6
Humanities 10 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 649,695 241,235 408,465 3.3 2.5 4.1 18,715 7,650 11,075 2.8 2.3 3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 79,235 16,400 62,835 0.4 0.2 0.6 1,605 415 1,185 0.2 0.1 0.3
23. English language and literature/letters 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 134,815 37,610 97,210 0.7 0.4 1.0 3,280 895 2,385 0.5 0.3 0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 0 10 0 0.0 1.6 0.0 216,725 80,505 136,220 1.1 0.8 1.4 6,415 2,490 3,925 0.9 0.7 1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,910 4,540 8,370 0.1 0.0 0.1 355 125 235 0.1 0.0 0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 41,640 23,645 17,990 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,310 770 545 0.2 0.2 0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,920 29,245 19,675 0.2 0.3 0.2 3,060 1,795 1,270 0.5 0.5 0.4
54. History 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 78,415 40,800 37,615 0.4 0.4 0.4 2,120 1,090 1,030 0.3 0.3 0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,045 8,490 28,555 0.2 0.1 0.3 575 65 510 0.1 0.0 0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law 15 0 10 1.2 0.0 1.5 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 8.1 5.2 10.9 42,590 13,760 28,825 6.3 4.1 8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,895 5,520 18,370 0.1 0.1 0.2 945 195 745 0.1 0.1 0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 196,475 72,125 124,350 1.0 0.7 1.3 4,080 1,845 2,235 0.6 0.6 0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 10 0 10 0.8 0.0 1.5 270,970 20,095 250,875 1.4 0.2 2.5 9,110 660 8,460 1.3 0.2 2.5
22. Legal professions and studies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 261,265 82,850 178,420 1.3 0.9 1.8 6,550 1,940 4,600 1.0 0.6 1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37,830 12,160 25,670 0.2 0.1 0.3 1,170 320 850 0.2 0.1 0.2
42. Psychology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 249,205 55,840 193,365 1.3 0.6 1.9 6,975 1,905 5,065 1.0 0.6 1.5
45. Social sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 549,090 254,250 294,840 2.8 2.6 3.0 13,760 6,895 6,865 2.0 2.1 2.0
Business, management and public administration 60 25 40 4.7 3.9 6.1 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 15.0 11.9 18.1 83,775 32,270 51,505 12.4 9.6 15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0.0 0.0 0.0 245 50 200 0.0 0.0 0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions 20 10 10 1.6 1.6 1.5 213,140 40,230 172,910 1.1 0.4 1.7 6,845 1,410 5,440 1.0 0.4 1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 40 15 20 3.1 2.3 3.0 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 13.9 11.4 16.3 76,680 30,810 45,870 11.3 9.2 13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 513,555 241,780 271,785 2.6 2.5 2.7 13,795 6,460 7,340 2.0 1.9 2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 227,460 90,390 137,075 1.2 0.9 1.4 5,835 2,520 3,320 0.9 0.8 1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 108,350 48,075 60,280 0.6 0.5 0.6 4,110 1,925 2,180 0.6 0.6 0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,270 5,690 8,580 0.1 0.1 0.1 575 95 480 0.1 0.0 0.1
40. Physical sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140,510 88,540 51,970 0.7 0.9 0.5 2,685 1,735 945 0.4 0.5 0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,960 9,090 13,870 0.1 0.1 0.1 595 180 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 10 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 667,305 445,970 221,330 3.4 4.6 2.2 19,205 12,210 6,995 2.8 3.6 2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 10 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 554,185 392,835 161,350 2.8 4.1 1.6 16,540 11,145 5,400 2.4 3.3 1.6
25. Library science 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 27,610 4,720 22,885 0.1 0.0 0.2 710 120 590 0.1 0.0 0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70,940 39,000 31,940 0.4 0.4 0.3 1,745 830 920 0.3 0.2 0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 115 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 60 55 10 4.7 8.6 1.5 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 13.3 23.8 3.2 75,965 68,175 7,790 11.2 20.3 2.3
04. Architecture and related services 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105,845 61,230 44,605 0.5 0.6 0.4 2,355 1,325 1,035 0.3 0.4 0.3
14. Engineering 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 724,235 568,385 155,850 3.7 5.9 1.6 17,060 13,635 3,420 2.5 4.1 1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 536,600 464,510 72,090 2.7 4.8 0.7 16,245 14,270 1,975 2.4 4.3 0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 510 160 350 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
46. Construction trades 40 35 0 3.1 5.5 0.0 510,105 493,000 17,100 2.6 5.1 0.2 16,955 16,450 500 2.5 4.9 0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 10 10 0 0.8 1.6 0.0 467,225 452,385 14,840 2.4 4.7 0.1 16,450 15,985 470 2.4 4.8 0.1
48. Precision production 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 266,690 253,110 13,585 1.4 2.6 0.1 6,895 6,505 390 1.0 1.9 0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 314,120 170,440 143,680 1.6 1.8 1.4 13,630 8,205 5,425 2.0 2.4 1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 199,335 99,700 99,635 1.0 1.0 1.0 10,770 6,525 4,250 1.6 1.9 1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0.6 0.7 0.4 2,865 1,680 1,175 0.4 0.5 0.3
Health and related fields 35 10 30 2.7 1.6 4.5 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 9.4 3.9 14.8 71,165 14,460 56,705 10.5 4.3 16.7
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 139,280 67,885 71,385 0.7 0.7 0.7 3,525 1,675 1,850 0.5 0.5 0.5
51. Health professions and related programs178 35 10 30 2.7 1.6 4.5 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 8.4 2.9 13.8 65,865 11,910 53,955 9.7 3.6 15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,430 945 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 20 140 0.0 0.0 0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,115 23,255 24,860 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,625 855 770 0.2 0.3 0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services 25 10 15 1.9 1.6 2.3 772,450 399,835 372,615 3.9 4.2 3.7 20,725 9,890 10,830 3.1 3.0 3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 10 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 414,520 112,935 301,590 2.1 1.2 3.0 12,365 3,115 9,250 1.8 0.9 2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,955 2,575 375 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 100 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,850 3,415 435 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 90 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
43. Security and protective services 10 10 0 0.8 1.6 0.0 183,025 128,295 54,725 0.9 1.3 0.6 4,075 2,870 1,205 0.6 0.9 0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving 10 10 0 0.8 1.6 0.0 168,105 152,620 15,485 0.9 1.6 0.2 4,070 3,720 355 0.6 1.1 0.1
Other179 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 10 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 1,290 640 660 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 100.0 100.0 100.0 675,695 335,160 340,535 100.0 100.0 100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 1,005 490 515 77.9 76.6 78.0 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 32.9 35.8 30.0 274,780 149,880 124,900 40.7 44.7 36.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 290 145 145 22.5 22.7 22.0 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 67.1 64.2 70.0 400,920 185,280 215,640 59.3 55.3 63.3
Location of study inside Canada 285 145 145 22.1 22.7 22.0 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 53.6 51.2 55.9 313,465 143,310 170,160 46.4 42.8 50.0
Same as province or territory of residence 275 135 140 21.3 21.1 21.2 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 47.3 44.9 49.5 273,970 123,770 150,205 40.5 36.9 44.1
Different than province or territory of residence 10 10 10 0.8 1.6 1.5 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 6.3 6.3 6.4 39,495 19,545 19,955 5.8 5.8 5.9
Location of study outside Canada182 10 0 0 0.8 0.0 0.0 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 13.5 13.0 14.0 87,445 41,970 45,480 12.9 12.5 13.4
Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 483,810 238,040 245,775 2.5 2.5 2.5 11,310 5,465 5,845 1.7 1.6 1.7
United States of America 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 279,005 143,575 135,435 1.4 1.5 1.4 6,955 3,465 3,485 1.0 1.0 1.0
Mexico 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,400 16,175 20,230 0.2 0.2 0.2 435 160 275 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cuba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 30 70 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haiti 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0.1 0.1 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaica 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0.1 0.1 0.1 330 145 175 0.0 0.0 0.1
Brazil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,315 640 685 0.2 0.2 0.2
Colombia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0.2 0.1 0.2 555 265 290 0.1 0.1 0.1
Peru 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 35 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Venezuela95 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0.1 0.1 0.1 80 25 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Americas 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,000 21,575 23,425 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,425 685 745 0.2 0.2 0.2
Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 543,725 281,205 262,520 2.8 2.9 2.6 11,290 5,965 5,320 1.7 1.8 1.6
Belgium 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 65 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
France 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 97,770 53,930 43,840 0.5 0.6 0.4 460 225 230 0.1 0.1 0.1
Germany 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,450 12,070 10,380 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,860 1,105 760 0.3 0.3 0.2
Netherlands 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0.1 0.1 0.0 300 165 135 0.0 0.0 0.0
Switzerland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 90 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungary 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 20 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Moldova183 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0.0 0.0 0.0 115 60 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Poland 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0.1 0.1 0.1 510 255 255 0.1 0.1 0.1
Romania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0.2 0.2 0.2 115 55 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian Federation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,095 16,250 19,845 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,150 530 615 0.2 0.2 0.2
Ukraine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0.2 0.2 0.2 2,255 1,100 1,155 0.3 0.3 0.3
Ireland96 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0.1 0.1 0.1 245 140 105 0.0 0.0 0.0
United Kingdom87 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0.8 0.9 0.7 2,600 1,435 1,165 0.4 0.4 0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 85 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italy 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0.0 0.1 0.0 145 90 55 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbia86 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 55 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Europe 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60,615 30,055 30,560 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,010 485 525 0.1 0.1 0.2
Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 216,815 111,010 105,805 1.1 1.2 1.1 7,235 3,740 3,490 1.1 1.1 1.0
Nigeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0.2 0.2 0.2 3,665 1,845 1,820 0.5 0.6 0.5
Algeria 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0.2 0.2 0.2 145 85 65 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morocco 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0.1 0.1 0.1 185 105 80 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0.1 0.1 0.1 95 70 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Egypt 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0.2 0.2 0.2 690 335 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
South Africa, Republic of 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,060 9,900 9,160 0.1 0.1 0.1 515 255 260 0.1 0.1 0.1
Other locations of study in Africa 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,700 33,325 31,385 0.3 0.3 0.3 1,935 1,055 885 0.3 0.3 0.3
Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 6.9 6.2 7.6 56,830 26,370 30,465 8.4 7.9 8.9
Iran88 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0.3 0.3 0.4 425 215 210 0.1 0.1 0.1
Iraq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0.1 0.1 0.1 175 90 85 0.0 0.0 0.0
Israel 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0.1 0.1 0.1 770 390 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Lebanon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 10 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syria89 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0.1 0.1 0.1 130 60 75 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0.1 0.1 0.1 160 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
China90 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 201,100 87,370 113,720 1.0 0.9 1.1 3,920 1,785 2,140 0.6 0.5 0.6
Taiwan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,520 4,750 9,770 0.1 0.0 0.1 140 40 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hong Kong91 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0.1 0.1 0.1 435 220 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Japan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18,605 5,280 13,325 0.1 0.1 0.1 240 65 175 0.0 0.0 0.1
Korea, South92 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0.3 0.2 0.3 1,220 510 710 0.2 0.2 0.2
Philippines 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 305,795 115,370 190,420 1.6 1.2 1.9 28,440 12,715 15,730 4.2 3.8 4.6
Viet Nam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12,500 4,490 8,005 0.1 0.0 0.1 560 260 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bangladesh 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0.1 0.1 0.1 580 275 310 0.1 0.1 0.1
Sri Lanka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0.1 0.1 0.1 310 150 160 0.0 0.0 0.0
India 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405,850 199,380 206,475 2.1 2.1 2.1 16,235 8,035 8,205 2.4 2.4 2.4
Pakistan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0.4 0.4 0.4 1,575 785 795 0.2 0.2 0.2
Other locations of study in Asia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 64,385 28,650 35,735 0.3 0.3 0.4 1,455 705 755 0.2 0.2 0.2
Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 47,960 24,495 23,460 0.2 0.3 0.2 785 425 355 0.1 0.1 0.1
Australia 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 38,525 19,270 19,250 0.2 0.2 0.2 665 340 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
New Zealand 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 75 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,655 930 730 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 2,095 1,045 1,055 ... ... ... 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 ... ... ... 1,058,415 522,505 535,905 ... ... ...
In the labour force 995 550 445 ... ... ... 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 ... ... ... 681,505 360,485 321,020 ... ... ...
Employed 825 450 375 ... ... ... 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 ... ... ... 625,115 330,885 294,235 ... ... ...
Unemployed 170 90 75 ... ... ... 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 ... ... ... 56,390 29,605 26,785 ... ... ...
Not in the labour force 1,105 500 605 ... ... ... 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 ... ... ... 376,905 162,015 214,890 ... ... ...
Participation rate 47.5 52.6 42.2 47.5 52.6 42.2 63.7 67.7 59.8 63.7 67.7 59.8 64.4 69.0 59.9 64.4 69.0 59.9
Employment rate 39.4 43.1 35.5 39.4 43.1 35.5 57.1 60.9 53.4 57.1 60.9 53.4 59.1 63.3 54.9 59.1 63.3 54.9
Unemployment rate 17.1 16.4 16.9 17.1 16.4 16.9 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 9.9 10.7 8.3 8.2 8.3 8.3 8.2 8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 2,100 1,040 1,050 100.0 100.0 100.0 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,058,410 522,505 535,905 100.0 100.0 100.0
Did not work186 1,185 545 645 56.4 52.4 61.4 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 36.7 32.9 40.4 379,950 164,955 215,000 35.9 31.6 40.1
Worked 910 500 410 43.3 48.1 39.0 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 63.3 67.1 59.6 678,460 357,550 320,910 64.1 68.4 59.9
Worked full year full time187 680 370 310 32.4 35.6 29.5 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 33.7 38.3 29.3 376,840 217,465 159,370 35.6 41.6 29.7
Worked part year and/or part time188 230 130 100 11.0 12.5 9.5 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 29.6 28.8 30.3 301,625 140,085 161,540 28.5 26.8 30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year 44.6 44.6 44.7 44.6 44.6 44.7 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.9 42.8 41.0 41.9 42.8 41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 995 545 445 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 681,505 360,490 321,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Class of worker - not applicable190 105 55 50 10.6 10.1 11.2 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 15,625 7,580 8,050 2.3 2.1 2.5
All classes of workers191 885 490 395 88.9 89.9 88.8 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 665,880 352,910 312,970 97.7 97.9 97.5
Employee 880 485 395 88.4 89.0 88.8 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 83.4 80.9 86.1 582,575 298,460 284,115 85.5 82.8 88.5
Permanent position 730 390 340 73.4 71.6 76.4 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 69.6 68.3 70.9 490,370 254,540 235,830 72.0 70.6 73.5
Temporary position 145 90 55 14.6 16.5 12.4 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 13.8 12.7 15.1 92,210 43,920 48,290 13.5 12.2 15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more) 45 30 20 4.5 5.5 4.5 867,740 386,965 480,775 4.5 3.8 5.2 27,250 11,760 15,495 4.0 3.3 4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 100 60 40 10.1 11.0 9.0 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 9.3 8.8 9.9 64,960 32,165 32,795 9.5 8.9 10.2
Self-employed192 10 10 0 1.0 1.8 0.0 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 14.1 16.7 11.2 83,305 54,450 28,855 12.2 15.1 9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 995 545 445 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 681,505 360,490 321,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Occupation - not applicable190 105 55 50 10.6 10.1 11.2 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 15,625 7,580 8,050 2.3 2.1 2.5
All occupations191 885 490 395 88.9 89.9 88.8 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 665,880 352,910 312,970 97.7 97.9 97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 20 15 10 2.0 2.8 2.2 254,760 177,450 77,315 1.3 1.8 0.8 6,440 4,200 2,235 0.9 1.2 0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 135 40 90 13.6 7.3 20.2 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 17.1 10.6 24.2 106,520 33,100 73,420 15.6 9.2 22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 8.2 11.9 4.2 39,030 29,915 9,115 5.7 8.3 2.8
3 Health occupations 35 10 25 3.5 1.8 5.6 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 7.8 3.0 13.0 57,585 12,770 44,810 8.4 3.5 14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 240 90 155 24.1 16.5 34.8 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 12.0 7.5 17.0 91,725 30,655 61,070 13.5 8.5 19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 596,785 275,420 321,360 3.1 2.7 3.5 15,375 6,815 8,560 2.3 1.9 2.7
6 Sales and service occupations 200 110 90 20.1 20.2 20.2 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 23.9 20.6 27.5 160,900 71,660 89,240 23.6 19.9 27.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 230 200 25 23.1 36.7 5.6 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 16.8 29.3 3.1 124,140 115,210 8,930 18.2 32.0 2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 10 10 0 1.0 1.8 0.0 541,235 416,960 124,270 2.8 4.1 1.3 29,805 23,260 6,540 4.4 6.5 2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 10 10 0 1.0 1.8 0.0 857,540 612,415 245,120 4.4 6.1 2.6 34,355 25,310 9,045 5.0 7.0 2.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 995 545 445 100.0 100.0 100.0 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 100.0 100.0 100.0 681,505 360,490 321,015 100.0 100.0 100.0
Industry - not applicable190 105 55 50 10.6 10.1 11.2 486,865 237,950 248,915 2.5 2.4 2.7 15,625 7,580 8,050 2.3 2.1 2.5
All industries191 885 490 395 88.9 89.9 88.8 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 97.5 97.6 97.3 665,880 352,910 312,970 97.7 97.9 97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 434,800 295,160 139,640 2.3 2.9 1.5 27,485 19,635 7,850 4.0 5.4 2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 239,030 195,605 43,425 1.2 1.9 0.5 5,045 4,385 660 0.7 1.2 0.2
22 Utilities 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 147,750 109,475 38,270 0.8 1.1 0.4 6,655 5,135 1,520 1.0 1.4 0.5
23 Construction 70 60 10 7.0 11.0 2.2 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 7.6 12.6 2.2 52,245 46,295 5,950 7.7 12.8 1.9
31-33 Manufacturing 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 8.0 10.9 4.8 56,805 41,690 15,110 8.3 11.6 4.7
41 Wholesale trade 0 10 0 0.0 1.8 0.0 610,295 406,960 203,335 3.2 4.0 2.2 18,970 14,050 4,915 2.8 3.9 1.5
44-45 Retail trade 80 50 25 8.0 9.2 5.6 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 11.1 10.2 12.1 72,205 35,375 36,835 10.6 9.8 11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 40 40 10 4.0 7.3 2.2 981,030 742,515 238,515 5.1 7.4 2.6 41,485 33,330 8,155 6.1 9.2 2.5
51 Information and cultural industries 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 400,460 237,940 162,520 2.1 2.4 1.8 9,760 5,850 3,905 1.4 1.6 1.2
52 Finance and insurance 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 815,225 358,145 457,080 4.2 3.6 4.9 25,885 10,060 15,825 3.8 2.8 4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 10 0 0 1.0 0.0 0.0 343,940 186,230 157,710 1.8 1.9 1.7 8,410 4,705 3,700 1.2 1.3 1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 10 0 10 1.0 0.0 2.2 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 8.1 8.7 7.5 32,425 17,065 15,355 4.8 4.7 4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45,455 21,495 23,955 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,000 465 535 0.1 0.1 0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 60 35 20 6.0 6.4 4.5 792,600 457,880 334,725 4.1 4.6 3.6 26,870 15,280 11,585 3.9 4.2 3.6
61 Educational services 240 95 140 24.1 17.4 31.5 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 7.3 4.3 10.6 57,480 18,115 39,365 8.4 5.0 12.3
62 Health care and social assistance 125 45 80 12.6 8.3 18.0 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 12.7 4.7 21.4 99,895 21,420 78,475 14.7 5.9 24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 350,710 180,205 170,500 1.8 1.8 1.8 12,075 6,300 5,775 1.8 1.7 1.8
72 Accommodation and food services 20 15 10 2.0 2.8 2.2 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 5.6 4.8 6.6 37,515 15,535 21,985 5.5 4.3 6.8
81 Other services (except public administration) 20 20 0 2.0 3.7 0.0 797,935 373,775 424,165 4.1 3.7 4.6 28,120 14,060 14,055 4.1 3.9 4.4
91 Public administration 200 95 105 20.1 17.4 23.6 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 6.2 6.0 6.4 45,555 24,155 21,405 6.7 6.7 6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,000 540 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 727,130 382,175 344,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
English 270 140 130 27.0 25.9 28.6 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 72.4 73.0 71.8 680,505 360,060 320,445 93.6 94.2 92.9
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 15.3 14.9 15.8 3,730 1,140 2,590 0.5 0.3 0.8
Non-official language 20 20 10 2.0 3.7 2.2 169,205 89,515 79,685 0.8 0.8 0.8 3,570 2,035 1,530 0.5 0.5 0.4
Indigenous39 20 20 10 2.0 3.7 2.2 6,935 3,590 3,345 0.0 0.0 0.0 300 170 130 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 162,265 85,925 76,345 0.8 0.8 0.8 3,265 1,865 1,400 0.4 0.5 0.4
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 8.2 8.0 8.3 14,225 5,650 8,575 2.0 1.5 2.5
English and non-official language(s) 705 380 325 70.5 70.4 71.4 570,220 291,000 279,220 2.8 2.7 2.8 24,415 12,970 11,450 3.4 3.4 3.3
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0.1 0.1 0.1 40 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0.3 0.3 0.4 440 210 235 0.1 0.1 0.1
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0.1 0.1 0.1 200 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,000 540 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 727,130 382,175 344,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
Single responses 855 460 395 85.5 85.2 86.8 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 97.8 97.8 97.8 719,895 378,430 341,470 99.0 99.0 99.0
Official languages 660 345 315 66.0 63.9 69.2 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 96.3 96.3 96.3 711,975 373,990 337,980 97.9 97.9 98.0
English 655 345 315 65.5 63.9 69.2 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 77.0 77.4 76.5 705,145 371,885 333,260 97.0 97.3 96.6
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 19.3 18.9 19.7 6,825 2,105 4,720 0.9 0.6 1.4
Non-official languages 195 115 80 19.5 21.3 17.6 310,455 161,825 148,635 1.5 1.5 1.5 7,925 4,440 3,485 1.1 1.2 1.0
Indigenous languages39 195 115 80 19.5 21.3 17.6 19,435 9,725 9,710 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,375 760 610 0.2 0.2 0.2
Algonquian languages 195 115 80 19.5 21.3 17.6 11,600 6,020 5,575 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,250 705 550 0.2 0.2 0.2
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 35 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0.0 0.0 0.0 735 410 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,015 585 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0.0 0.0 0.0 730 410 325 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 110 65 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 385 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 110 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 140 80 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0.0 0.0 0.0 675 380 295 0.1 0.1 0.1
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,955 875 1,075 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 80 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 435 400 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 825 430 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 195 115 80 19.5 21.3 17.6 1,585 830 755 0.0 0.0 0.0 515 295 220 0.1 0.1 0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oji-Cree 195 115 80 19.5 21.3 17.6 875 490 385 0.0 0.0 0.0 405 235 175 0.1 0.1 0.1
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 695 340 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 55 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 610 295 320 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 40 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 895 410 480 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 890 410 475 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 535 255 280 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 55 45 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 70 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 45 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 75 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktitut 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oneida 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Michif 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 125 50 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Squamish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Straits 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dakota 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Stoney 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 0 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haisla 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Non-Indigenous languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 291,025 152,095 138,925 1.4 1.4 1.4 6,550 3,675 2,880 0.9 1.0 0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0.0 0.0 0.0 195 95 100 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kabyle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Coptic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 415 185 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bilen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Oromo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Somali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 365 155 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 75 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Amharic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 95 120 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Arabic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 325 130 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 240 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 70 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hebrew 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 585 240 340 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 0 25 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 325 165 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0.0 0.0 0.1 220 65 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Khmer (Cambodian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 495 215 285 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vietnamese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0.0 0.0 0.1 220 65 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Austronesian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0.0 0.0 0.0 770 360 415 0.1 0.1 0.1
Bikol 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 45 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ilocano 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 165 90 70 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 170 90 80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malay 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 350 410 0.1 0.1 0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 30 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 390 185 210 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Haitian Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 375 170 205 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kannada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Malayalam 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 250 140 110 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tamil 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Telugu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Georgian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 45 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0.5 0.6 0.5 3,530 2,210 1,325 0.5 0.6 0.4
Albanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 315 170 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Armenian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 530 295 235 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Balto-Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0.0 0.0 0.1 330 160 170 0.0 0.0 0.0
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 15 75 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Latvian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50 10 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 10 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0.0 0.0 0.1 325 160 165 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bulgarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 145 55 90 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Czech 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 50 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 75 60 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Polish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 25 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Russian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 80 95 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 835 485 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Croatian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 155 95 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 555 310 245 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovak 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 10 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ukrainian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,265 620 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 85 50 35 0.0 0.0 0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 30 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 25 30 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0.1 0.1 0.1 1,065 665 405 0.1 0.2 0.1
Frisian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
High German languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0.1 0.1 0.0 700 400 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0.0 0.0 0.0 700 400 300 0.1 0.1 0.1
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 255 115 135 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yiddish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,050 520 530 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0.0 0.0 0.0 340 255 85 0.0 0.1 0.0
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 40 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dutch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 965 515 440 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 560 420 140 0.0 0.0 0.0 95 75 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,940 1,275 670 0.0 0.0 0.0 215 160 60 0.0 0.0 0.0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Scandinavian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 190 100 85 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Danish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Norwegian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 30 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swedish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Greek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 875 445 430 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0.3 0.3 0.2 1,670 1,130 535 0.2 0.3 0.2
Indo-Aryan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0.2 0.3 0.2 1,630 1,115 515 0.2 0.3 0.1
Bengali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 645 290 355 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Gujarati 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,115 515 600 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hindi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 35 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Marathi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nepali 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 275 125 145 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0.2 0.2 0.2 1,465 1,030 440 0.2 0.3 0.1
Sindhi 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 105 80 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Urdu 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0.0 0.0 0.0 40 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175 145 35 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Pashto 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 70 60 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dari 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 800 445 360 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian Persian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 595 400 195 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0.1 0.2 0.1 450 235 215 0.1 0.1 0.1
Catalan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Italian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,625 730 900 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Portuguese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 40 50 0.0 0.0 0.0
Romanian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 680 375 310 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Spanish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0.1 0.1 0.1 355 195 160 0.0 0.1 0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 35 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Japanese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Korean 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0.1 0.1 0.1 170 80 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mongolian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 410 210 200 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 20 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Edo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ga 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ganda 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Igbo 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lingala 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 25 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Shona 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Swahili 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 150 95 55 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wolof 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 65 20 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 10 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dinka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,010 795 1,210 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
American Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,590 620 970 0.0 0.0 0.0 130 40 90 0.0 0.0 0.0
Quebec Sign Language 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 285 110 180 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 65 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,375 64,180 64,190 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,450 780 670 0.2 0.2 0.2
Chinese languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 128,045 63,990 64,055 0.6 0.6 0.6 1,450 780 670 0.2 0.2 0.2
Hakka 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 45 25 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mandarin 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0.4 0.4 0.4 860 475 385 0.1 0.1 0.1
Min Dong 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 20 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 210 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Yue (Cantonese) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,950 25,725 25,225 0.2 0.2 0.3 590 305 280 0.1 0.1 0.1
Chinese, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 460 240 220 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 295 175 125 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Burmese 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 60 40 20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 135 85 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 120 80 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 10 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 45 45 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 10 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 765 310 450 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Lao 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 80 30 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Thai 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 670 275 395 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,345 695 650 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 35 15 25 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,270 660 615 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 10 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 20 15 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 10 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Uralic languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 485 215 270 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Estonian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70 15 50 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Finnish 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 90 25 65 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Hungarian 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 330 170 160 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 15 10 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple responses 140 80 60 14.0 14.8 13.2 453,880 231,205 222,675 2.2 2.2 2.2 7,230 3,740 3,490 1.0 1.0 1.0
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 321,975 163,305 158,675 1.6 1.5 1.6 2,110 895 1,215 0.3 0.2 0.4
English and non-official language(s) 140 80 60 14.0 14.8 13.2 115,955 60,210 55,745 0.6 0.6 0.6 5,020 2,805 2,215 0.7 0.7 0.6
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0.0 0.0 0.0 20 0 20 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 15 15 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0.0 0.0 0.0 55 20 30 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,000 540 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 100.0 100.0 100.0 727,130 382,175 344,960 100.0 100.0 100.0
None 430 235 195 43.0 43.5 42.9 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 90.6 90.8 90.5 694,535 366,700 327,830 95.5 96.0 95.0
English 175 105 75 17.5 19.4 16.5 902,625 474,755 427,875 4.4 4.4 4.3 7,010 3,170 3,845 1.0 0.8 1.1
French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 589,755 288,955 300,800 2.9 2.7 3.0 9,175 3,840 5,330 1.3 1.0 1.5
Non-official language 390 200 185 39.0 37.0 40.7 331,375 168,035 163,335 1.6 1.6 1.6 14,510 7,430 7,080 2.0 1.9 2.1
Indigenous39 390 200 185 39.0 37.0 40.7 18,190 7,740 10,450 0.1 0.1 0.1 2,975 1,405 1,575 0.4 0.4 0.5
Non-Indigenous 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 313,185 160,295 152,885 1.5 1.5 1.5 11,530 6,025 5,510 1.6 1.6 1.6
English and French 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0.0 0.0 0.0 10 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
English and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0.2 0.1 0.2 265 105 155 0.0 0.0 0.0
French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0.1 0.1 0.1 265 140 125 0.0 0.0 0.0
English, French and non-official language(s) 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 360 210 150 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Multiple non-official languages 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0.2 0.2 0.3 1,360 775 590 0.2 0.2 0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 820 450 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 100.0 100.0 100.0 625,115 330,890 294,235 100.0 100.0 100.0
Worked at home 10 0 10 1.2 0.0 2.7 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 24.3 22.1 26.8 106,565 51,780 54,785 17.0 15.6 18.6
Worked outside Canada 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 58,335 40,295 18,035 0.3 0.4 0.2 1,450 1,150 290 0.2 0.3 0.1
No fixed workplace address 125 105 20 15.2 23.3 5.4 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 12.7 18.3 6.6 78,405 60,795 17,605 12.5 18.4 6.0
Usual place of work 695 345 345 84.8 76.7 93.2 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 62.6 59.1 66.4 438,705 217,160 221,550 70.2 65.6 75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 690 345 345 100.0 100.0 100.0 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 100.0 100.0 100.0 438,705 217,160 221,550 100.0 100.0 100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 665 330 335 96.4 95.7 97.1 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 59.0 55.5 62.4 328,415 157,380 171,035 74.9 72.5 77.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 25 20 10 3.6 5.8 2.9 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 21.6 22.1 21.1 46,100 22,990 23,115 10.5 10.6 10.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 18.5 21.3 15.8 61,140 34,635 26,500 13.9 15.9 12.0
Commute to a different province or territory 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 98,060 60,210 37,850 0.9 1.1 0.7 3,055 2,150 900 0.7 1.0 0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 820 450 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 517,110 277,950 239,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Car, truck or van 675 365 310 82.3 81.1 83.8 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 83.9 86.4 81.1 445,070 244,870 200,200 86.1 88.1 83.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver 540 325 220 65.9 72.2 59.5 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 77.5 81.5 72.8 401,745 229,310 172,435 77.7 82.5 72.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 140 50 95 17.1 11.1 25.7 844,155 343,100 501,050 6.5 4.9 8.3 43,325 15,560 27,765 8.4 5.6 11.6
Public transit 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 7.7 6.0 9.6 29,345 12,095 17,250 5.7 4.4 7.2
Walked 110 65 45 13.4 14.4 12.2 672,815 296,610 376,205 5.2 4.2 6.2 27,440 12,330 15,105 5.3 4.4 6.3
Bicycle 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 138,615 92,195 46,415 1.1 1.3 0.8 5,395 3,720 1,680 1.0 1.3 0.7
Other method 25 15 10 3.0 3.3 2.7 285,820 144,225 141,595 2.2 2.1 2.3 9,855 4,935 4,925 1.9 1.8 2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 820 450 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 517,110 277,950 239,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Less than 15 minutes 545 280 270 66.5 62.2 73.0 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 32.0 28.4 36.2 187,385 91,055 96,330 36.2 32.8 40.3
15 to 29 minutes 195 120 75 23.8 26.7 20.3 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 34.8 34.5 35.3 191,315 103,060 88,255 37.0 37.1 36.9
30 to 44 minutes 60 45 15 7.3 10.0 4.1 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 19.1 20.8 17.0 90,020 53,555 36,465 17.4 19.3 15.2
45 to 59 minutes 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 910,610 542,485 368,125 7.0 7.7 6.1 25,475 14,980 10,495 4.9 5.4 4.4
60 minutes and over 15 10 10 1.8 2.2 2.7 926,120 599,115 327,005 7.1 8.5 5.4 22,915 15,300 7,615 4.4 5.5 3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 820 450 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 100.0 100.0 100.0 517,110 277,950 239,155 100.0 100.0 100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 938,820 701,960 236,865 7.2 10.0 3.9 26,980 19,745 7,235 5.2 7.1 3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 10 10 10 1.2 2.2 2.7 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 17.4 20.9 13.4 87,745 57,035 30,705 17.0 20.5 12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 60 40 15 7.3 8.9 4.1 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 26.3 25.3 27.5 143,110 78,985 64,125 27.7 28.4 26.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 390 200 195 47.6 44.4 52.7 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 20.8 16.9 25.2 116,395 50,465 65,930 22.5 18.2 27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 275 155 125 33.5 34.4 33.8 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 12.7 10.6 15.3 59,845 26,620 33,220 11.6 9.6 13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 75 45 30 9.1 10.0 8.1 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 15.5 16.3 14.7 83,035 45,100 37,940 16.1 16.2 15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 1,585 785 800 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 100.0 100.0 100.0 302,080 155,205 146,880 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 25 10 20 1.6 1.3 2.5 897,205 456,120 441,085 12.2 12.1 12.4 30,475 15,430 15,050 10.1 9.9 10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,565 785 785 98.7 100.0 98.1 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87.8 87.9 87.6 271,605 139,775 131,830 89.9 90.1 89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 1,170 590 580 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 100.0 100.0 100.0 217,225 111,805 105,425 100.0 100.0 100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 25 5 15 2.1 0.8 2.6 682,190 346,420 335,770 12.7 12.5 12.9 23,030 11,620 11,405 10.6 10.4 10.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 10 0 5 0.9 0.0 0.9 467,685 234,475 233,215 8.7 8.5 8.9 14,755 7,340 7,415 6.8 6.6 7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 15 5 10 1.3 0.8 1.7 214,500 111,950 102,550 4.0 4.1 3.9 8,280 4,285 3,990 3.8 3.8 3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 1,145 585 560 97.9 99.2 96.6 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 87.3 87.5 87.1 194,195 100,175 94,020 89.4 89.6 89.2

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 26, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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