Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cartier, Rural municipality (RM)More information: Manitoba [Census subdivision] Remove						ManitobaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	3,344	...	...	...	...	...	1,342,153	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	3,368	...	...	...	...	...	1,278,365	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	- 0.7	...	...	- 0.7	...	...	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	850	...	...	...	...	...	571,528	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	811	...	...	...	...	...	518,054	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	552.94	...	...	...	...	...	540,310.19	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,342,150	666,490	675,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	810	420	390	24.2	26.1	22.5	252,935	129,850	123,085	18.8	19.5	18.2
0 to 4 years	270	140	130	8.1	8.7	7.5	80,435	41,145	39,290	6.0	6.2	5.8
5 to 9 years	270	155	115	8.1	9.6	6.6	86,250	44,515	41,735	6.4	6.7	6.2
10 to 14 years	270	130	140	8.1	8.1	8.1	86,250	44,190	42,060	6.4	6.6	6.2
15 to 64 years	2,130	1,005	1,130	63.7	62.4	65.1	860,165	432,385	427,780	64.1	64.9	63.3
15 to 19 years	240	120	120	7.2	7.5	6.9	80,905	41,945	38,965	6.0	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	200	100	100	6.0	6.2	5.8	91,415	48,255	43,160	6.8	7.2	6.4
25 to 29 years	180	85	95	5.4	5.3	5.5	90,470	46,240	44,230	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	225	105	120	6.7	6.5	6.9	91,805	45,805	46,000	6.8	6.9	6.8
35 to 39 years	220	90	130	6.6	5.6	7.5	90,150	44,695	45,450	6.7	6.7	6.7
40 to 44 years	190	90	100	5.7	5.6	5.8	84,530	41,690	42,840	6.3	6.3	6.3
45 to 49 years	190	90	100	5.7	5.6	5.8	80,235	39,915	40,320	6.0	6.0	6.0
50 to 54 years	190	80	105	5.7	5.0	6.1	78,210	38,715	39,490	5.8	5.8	5.8
55 to 59 years	250	120	130	7.5	7.5	7.5	87,295	43,040	44,255	6.5	6.5	6.5
60 to 64 years	245	120	125	7.3	7.5	7.2	85,155	42,080	43,075	6.3	6.3	6.4
65 years and over	405	185	220	12.1	11.5	12.7	229,050	104,255	124,795	17.1	15.6	18.5
65 to 69 years	155	85	75	4.6	5.3	4.3	73,060	35,565	37,495	5.4	5.3	5.5
70 to 74 years	105	40	65	3.1	2.5	3.7	59,955	28,295	31,665	4.5	4.2	4.7
75 to 79 years	75	35	35	2.2	2.2	2.0	39,885	18,500	21,385	3.0	2.8	3.2
80 to 84 years	50	25	20	1.5	1.6	1.2	26,890	11,700	15,185	2.0	1.8	2.2
85 years and over	20	0	20	0.6	0.0	1.2	29,255	10,190	19,065	2.2	1.5	2.8
85 to 89 years	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.9	17,200	6,610	10,585	1.3	1.0	1.6
90 to 94 years	10	0	5	0.3	0.0	0.3	8,970	2,845	6,125	0.7	0.4	0.9
95 to 99 years	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,640	650	1,995	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	85	360	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	24.2	26.1	22.5	24.2	26.1	22.5	18.8	19.5	18.2	18.8	19.5	18.2
15 to 64 years	63.7	62.4	65.1	63.7	62.4	65.1	64.1	64.9	63.3	64.1	64.9	63.3
65 years and over	12.1	11.5	12.7	12.1	11.5	12.7	17.1	15.6	18.5	17.1	15.6	18.5
85 years and over	0.6	0.0	1.2	0.6	0.0	1.2	2.2	1.5	2.8	2.2	1.5	2.8
Average age of the population	36.4	35.3	37.3	36.4	35.3	37.3	39.7	38.7	40.7	39.7	38.7	40.7
Median age of the population	35.2	33.6	36.8	35.2	33.6	36.8	38.4	37.2	39.6	38.4	37.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	810	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	765	...	...	94.4	...	...	343,990	...	...	66.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	18,185	...	...	3.5	...	...
Row house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	19,725	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	7,445	...	...	1.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	35	...	...	4.3	...	...	74,865	...	...	14.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	43,665	...	...	8.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	600	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	10	...	...	1.2	...	...	9,590	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	810	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	160	...	...	19.8	...	...	146,225	...	...	28.2	...	...
2 persons	305	...	...	37.7	...	...	173,990	...	...	33.6	...	...
3 persons	120	...	...	14.8	...	...	74,615	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	135	...	...	16.7	...	...	69,480	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	90	...	...	11.1	...	...	53,740	...	...	10.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,220	656,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	2,530	1,190	1,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,089,215	536,645	552,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	1,615	715	905	63.8	60.1	67.3	616,260	307,545	308,715	56.6	57.3	55.9
Married	1,405	610	800	55.5	51.3	59.5	515,480	257,300	258,185	47.3	47.9	46.7
Living common-law	210	105	105	8.3	8.8	7.8	100,785	50,250	50,535	9.3	9.4	9.1
Living common law - Never married	165	85	85	6.5	7.1	6.3	75,340	37,700	37,640	6.9	7.0	6.8
Living common law - Separated	10	5	0	0.4	0.4	0.0	4,135	2,140	1,995	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	35	20	20	1.4	1.7	1.5	19,035	9,465	9,565	1.7	1.8	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	5	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	2,275	940	1,330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	920	475	440	36.4	39.9	32.7	472,955	229,095	243,860	43.4	42.7	44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	745	395	355	29.4	33.2	26.4	330,855	181,470	149,385	30.4	33.8	27.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	40	20	15	1.6	1.7	1.1	24,470	10,900	13,565	2.2	2.0	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	65	40	25	2.6	3.4	1.9	57,440	23,780	33,665	5.3	4.4	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	70	20	55	2.8	1.7	4.1	60,190	12,945	47,250	5.5	2.4	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	650	...	...	100.0	...	...	359,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	320	...	...	49.2	...	...	179,345	...	...	49.9	...	...
3 persons	125	...	...	19.2	...	...	73,610	...	...	20.5	...	...
4 persons	140	...	...	21.5	...	...	67,475	...	...	18.8	...	...
5 or more persons	75	...	...	11.5	...	...	39,150	...	...	10.9	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	650	...	...	100.0	...	...	359,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	595	...	...	91.5	...	...	298,295	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	490	...	...	75.4	...	...	247,900	...	...	68.9	...	...
With children⁶	265	...	...	40.8	...	...	133,760	...	...	37.2	...	...
Without children	220	...	...	33.8	...	...	114,140	...	...	31.7	...	...
Common-law couples	105	...	...	16.2	...	...	50,390	...	...	14.0	...	...
With children⁶	40	...	...	6.2	...	...	20,505	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	65	...	...	10.0	...	...	29,885	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	60	...	...	9.2	...	...	61,295	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	35	...	...	5.4	...	...	46,900	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	25	...	...	3.8	...	...	14,390	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	2,165	1,130	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,215	656,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	1,950	1,000	950	90.1	88.5	91.8	1,067,425	530,695	536,730	81.7	81.6	81.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	1,185	590	590	54.7	52.2	57.0	596,590	297,940	298,645	45.6	45.8	45.5
Parents in one-parent families	55	20	35	2.5	1.8	3.4	61,290	14,395	46,900	4.7	2.2	7.1
Children⁶	705	385	325	32.6	34.1	31.4	409,545	218,365	191,185	31.3	33.6	29.1
In a two-parent family	615	330	290	28.4	29.2	28.0	306,475	162,400	144,075	23.4	25.0	21.9
In a one-parent family	85	50	35	3.9	4.4	3.4	103,070	55,965	47,110	7.9	8.6	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	210	130	80	9.7	11.5	7.7	239,765	119,525	120,240	18.3	18.4	18.3
Living alone	165	105	55	7.6	9.3	5.3	146,225	68,910	77,315	11.2	10.6	11.8
Living with other relatives⁷	20	5	15	0.9	0.4	1.4	42,720	20,255	22,460	3.3	3.1	3.4
Living with non-relatives only	30	15	10	1.4	1.3	1.0	50,815	30,360	20,455	3.9	4.7	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	810	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	610	...	...	75.3	...	...	313,500	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	560	...	...	69.1	...	...	268,430	...	...	51.8	...	...
With children⁶	295	...	...	36.4	...	...	137,200	...	...	26.5	...	...
Without children	270	...	...	33.3	...	...	131,230	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	50	...	...	6.2	...	...	45,070	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	15	...	...	1.9	...	...	14,025	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	2,815	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	10	...	...	1.2	...	...	17,525	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	10	...	...	1.2	...	...	23,950	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	165	...	...	20.4	...	...	146,225	...	...	28.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,720	910	810	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,435	522,575	535,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,665	870	795	96.8	95.6	98.1	1,023,160	504,825	518,335	96.7	96.6	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,400	39,200	47,200	56,400	39,200	39,200	44,000	35,600	39,200	44,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,670	870	800	97.1	95.6	98.8	1,023,830	505,175	518,655	96.7	96.7	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	46,800	34,000	40,800	46,800	34,000	35,200	38,400	32,000	35,200	38,400	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,555	825	725	90.4	90.7	89.5	906,495	455,895	450,600	85.6	87.2	84.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	52,000	32,000	42,000	52,000	32,000	34,000	40,800	27,800	34,000	40,800	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,320	715	605	76.7	78.6	74.7	743,325	387,385	355,940	70.2	74.1	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	53,600	33,600	43,200	53,600	33,600	35,600	41,200	30,200	35,600	41,200	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,450	755	695	84.3	83.0	85.8	934,305	455,520	478,785	88.3	87.2	89.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	4,000	8,000	6,000	4,000	8,000	7,950	5,120	9,800	7,950	5,120	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	165	75	90	9.6	8.2	11.1	113,175	54,570	58,610	10.7	10.4	10.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,480	5,080	5,240	5,480	5,080	5,440	5,480	5,280	5,440	5,480	5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	340	155	185	19.8	17.0	22.8	254,050	120,985	133,060	24.0	23.2	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	6,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,720	915	805	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,680	880	800	97.7	96.2	99.4	1,024,110	505,340	518,765	96.8	96.7	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,050	68,200	46,900	58,050	68,200	46,900	49,240	55,950	42,720	49,240	55,950	42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,680	880	800	97.7	96.2	99.4	1,024,740	505,665	519,075	96.8	96.8	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,240	51,100	38,800	45,240	51,100	38,800	40,640	45,080	36,360	40,640	45,080	36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,535	810	730	89.2	88.5	90.7	907,455	456,870	450,590	85.7	87.4	84.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,000	66,200	42,700	55,000	66,200	42,700	45,240	53,300	37,040	45,240	53,300	37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,320	705	615	76.7	77.0	76.4	743,345	387,980	355,360	70.2	74.3	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,250	63,200	44,000	54,250	63,200	44,000	45,400	52,100	38,040	45,400	52,100	38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,450	775	680	84.3	84.7	84.5	935,570	456,400	479,175	88.4	87.3	89.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,640	9,220	8,910	8,640	9,220	10,040	8,600	11,420	10,040	8,600	11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155	75	85	9.0	8.2	10.6	112,945	54,695	58,245	10.7	10.5	10.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,400	6,400	6,400	6,400	6,400	6,470	6,300	6,620	6,470	6,300	6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	310	140	165	18.0	15.3	20.5	252,860	120,805	132,055	23.9	23.1	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,450	7,800	7,200	7,450	7,800	7,200	8,710	8,570	8,840	8,710	8,570	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,720	915	810	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	725	450	280	42.2	49.2	34.6	366,740	211,220	155,520	34.7	40.4	29.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	72,500	57,600	65,000	72,500	57,600	56,800	61,200	52,000	56,800	61,200	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,600	87,200	64,500	78,600	87,200	64,500	66,900	72,700	59,050	66,900	72,700	59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	460	195	265	26.7	21.3	32.7	285,105	131,295	153,805	26.9	25.1	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,000	15,300	16,600	16,000	15,300	16,600	17,800	19,400	16,600	17,800	19,400	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	19,400	28,000	24,400	19,400	28,000	26,440	30,120	23,280	26,440	30,120	23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	88.8	83.2	86.8	88.8	83.2	81.4	86.2	75.4	81.4	86.2	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.4	74.0	72.5	73.4	74.0	72.5	66.8	71.6	61.0	66.8	71.6	61.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.3	11.2	16.7	13.3	11.2	16.7	18.6	13.9	24.7	18.6	13.9	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.5	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.0	2.2	4.3	3.0	2.2	4.3	5.5	4.4	6.8	5.5	4.4	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	2.4	1.8	3.2	2.4	1.8	3.2	4.4	3.7	5.3	4.4	3.7	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,720	905	815	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,435	522,575	535,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	55	40	15	3.2	4.4	1.8	35,275	17,750	17,525	3.3	3.4	3.3
With total income	1,665	870	795	96.8	96.1	97.5	1,023,160	504,830	518,335	96.7	96.6	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	140	60	85	8.4	6.9	10.7	101,540	48,555	52,980	9.9	9.6	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	160	65	95	9.6	7.5	11.9	118,240	49,740	68,505	11.6	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	200	80	120	12.0	9.2	15.1	161,905	68,870	93,030	15.8	13.6	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	190	75	115	11.4	8.6	14.5	138,225	60,295	77,930	13.5	11.9	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	185	95	85	11.1	10.9	10.7	124,755	58,530	66,225	12.2	11.6	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	165	80	80	9.9	9.2	10.1	97,815	49,730	48,085	9.6	9.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	155	100	55	9.3	11.5	6.9	72,980	40,630	32,350	7.1	8.0	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	120	80	40	7.2	9.2	5.0	53,950	31,710	22,240	5.3	6.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	85	50	30	5.1	5.7	3.8	41,095	24,190	16,905	4.0	4.8	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	85	50	35	5.1	5.7	4.4	32,150	18,190	13,960	3.1	3.6	2.7
$100,000 and over	175	125	55	10.5	14.4	6.9	80,510	54,380	26,125	7.9	10.8	5.0
$100,000 to $149,999	135	90	40	8.1	10.3	5.0	57,310	37,335	19,975	5.6	7.4	3.9
$150,000 and over	45	35	10	2.7	4.0	1.3	23,195	17,045	6,155	2.3	3.4	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,720	905	815	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,435	522,575	535,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	45	35	15	2.6	3.9	1.8	34,600	17,400	17,200	3.3	3.3	3.2
With after-tax income	1,675	875	800	97.4	96.7	98.2	1,023,835	505,175	518,660	96.7	96.7	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	165	65	100	9.9	7.4	12.5	106,400	50,060	56,340	10.4	9.9	10.9
$10,000 to $19,999	170	70	100	10.1	8.0	12.5	127,940	54,315	73,625	12.5	10.8	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	240	100	140	14.3	11.4	17.5	191,015	82,035	108,985	18.7	16.2	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	240	105	135	14.3	12.0	16.9	168,620	77,035	91,585	16.5	15.2	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	245	135	115	14.6	15.4	14.4	139,790	70,125	69,665	13.7	13.9	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	195	120	75	11.6	13.7	9.4	99,005	54,905	44,095	9.7	10.9	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	135	90	45	8.1	10.3	5.6	66,805	38,905	27,900	6.5	7.7	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	110	65	40	6.6	7.4	5.0	47,350	26,925	20,425	4.6	5.3	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	65	45	20	3.9	5.1	2.5	27,130	16,415	10,715	2.6	3.2	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	40	30	10	2.4	3.4	1.3	16,220	10,545	5,680	1.6	2.1	1.1
$100,000 and over	65	40	25	3.9	4.6	3.1	33,560	23,920	9,645	3.3	4.7	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	35	20	15	2.1	2.3	1.9	17,675	12,295	5,375	1.7	2.4	1.0
$125,000 and over	35	20	10	2.1	2.3	1.3	15,885	11,620	4,265	1.6	2.3	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,720	905	815	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,435	522,575	535,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	405	195	210	23.5	21.5	25.8	315,110	135,195	179,915	29.8	25.9	33.6
With employment income	1,315	715	605	76.5	79.0	74.2	743,325	387,385	355,940	70.2	74.1	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	160	80	80	12.2	11.2	13.2	96,985	46,125	50,855	13.0	11.9	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	95	40	55	7.2	5.6	9.1	59,860	26,670	33,195	8.1	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	135	50	80	10.3	7.0	13.2	92,505	42,200	50,305	12.4	10.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	100	40	55	7.6	5.6	9.1	78,855	35,960	42,900	10.6	9.3	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	130	60	65	9.9	8.4	10.7	77,580	37,430	40,150	10.4	9.7	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	105	55	50	8.0	7.7	8.3	73,795	37,315	36,480	9.9	9.6	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	115	65	50	8.7	9.1	8.3	59,960	33,210	26,745	8.1	8.6	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	115	70	45	8.7	9.8	7.4	48,125	28,725	19,405	6.5	7.4	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	95	60	30	7.2	8.4	5.0	37,685	23,180	14,505	5.1	6.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	65	40	25	4.9	5.6	4.1	31,730	18,800	12,930	4.3	4.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	65	40	20	4.9	5.6	3.3	25,570	14,610	10,955	3.4	3.8	3.1
$100,000 and over	140	105	40	10.6	14.7	6.6	60,675	43,165	17,505	8.2	11.1	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	75	55	25	5.7	7.7	4.1	31,425	21,060	10,365	4.2	5.4	2.9
$125,000 and over	65	45	15	4.9	6.3	2.5	29,245	22,105	7,140	3.9	5.7	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,720	910	810	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,435	522,575	535,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,630	850	780	94.8	93.4	96.3	989,280	486,735	502,540	93.5	93.1	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	58,000	38,000	45,600	58,000	38,000	37,600	43,200	32,800	37,600	43,200	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,630	850	780	94.8	93.4	96.3	989,625	486,785	502,840	93.5	93.2	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	33,200	39,200	47,200	33,200	33,200	37,600	29,800	33,200	37,600	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,540	820	720	89.5	90.1	88.9	891,950	447,480	444,475	84.3	85.6	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	55,200	32,800	42,400	55,200	32,800	34,800	41,600	29,000	34,800	41,600	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,330	715	615	77.3	78.6	75.9	744,025	385,850	358,175	70.3	73.8	66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	54,400	32,800	42,000	54,400	32,800	36,000	41,600	31,000	36,000	41,600	31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355	715	640	78.8	78.6	79.0	859,170	419,045	440,125	81.2	80.2	82.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,600	930	5,200	2,600	930	5,200	2,840	1,210	5,920	2,840	1,210	5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	145	70	75	8.4	7.7	9.3	81,860	39,590	42,270	7.7	7.6	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	8,400	6,000	7,200	8,400	6,000	5,920	6,200	5,600	5,920	6,200	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,720	915	805	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,630	850	775	94.8	92.9	96.3	989,725	487,255	502,470	93.5	93.3	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,550	69,200	44,800	57,550	69,200	44,800	47,200	54,300	40,280	47,200	54,300	40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,630	850	775	94.8	92.9	96.3	990,055	487,280	502,775	93.5	93.3	93.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,240	53,100	36,700	45,240	53,100	36,700	38,720	43,520	34,040	38,720	43,520	34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,520	805	715	88.4	88.0	88.8	892,090	447,960	444,130	84.3	85.7	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,700	67,200	42,600	55,700	67,200	42,600	45,480	53,650	37,240	45,480	53,650	37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,340	725	625	77.9	79.2	77.6	743,680	386,010	357,670	70.3	73.9	66.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,650	61,700	42,200	52,650	61,700	42,200	45,360	52,200	38,000	45,360	52,200	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,360	725	630	79.1	79.2	78.3	859,470	419,750	439,720	81.2	80.3	82.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,690	6,400	7,040	6,690	6,400	7,040	7,150	5,825	8,410	7,150	5,825	8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	150	85	65	8.7	9.3	8.1	82,490	40,260	42,230	7.8	7.7	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,800	9,000	8,400	8,800	9,000	8,400	7,410	7,120	7,690	7,410	7,120	7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,720	915	810	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	725	450	275	42.2	49.2	34.0	363,910	209,470	154,440	34.4	40.1	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	69,000	56,400	63,200	69,000	56,400	53,600	58,400	48,400	53,600	58,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,800	84,000	62,000	75,800	84,000	62,000	63,150	69,000	55,150	63,150	69,000	55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	425	170	255	24.7	18.6	31.5	266,100	121,985	144,115	25.1	23.3	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	15,600	22,000	20,000	15,600	22,000	22,800	25,200	21,200	22,800	25,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	25,400	29,800	28,000	25,400	29,800	31,560	36,240	27,560	31,560	36,240	27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.2	92.0	87.2	90.2	92.0	87.2	86.8	90.8	81.8	86.8	90.8	81.8
Employment income (%)	75.6	75.6	75.5	75.6	75.6	75.5	72.2	76.0	67.2	72.2	76.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	9.7	7.9	12.7	9.7	7.9	12.7	13.2	9.2	18.3	13.2	9.2	18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	810	...	...	...	...	...	518,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	165	...	...	...	...	...	146,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	650	...	...	...	...	...	371,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	810	...	...	...	...	...	518,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	165	...	...	...	...	...	146,310	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,600	...	...	53,600	...	...	50,040	...	...	50,040	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...	41,480	...	...	41,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	645	...	...	...	...	...	371,745	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	810	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	6,290	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	4,145	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	7,680	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	7,990	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	20,100	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	18,985	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	1.9	...	...	17,510	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	15	...	...	1.9	...	...	19,860	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	25	...	...	3.1	...	...	21,215	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	20,700	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	55	...	...	6.8	...	...	40,360	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	50	...	...	6.2	...	...	38,830	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	60	...	...	7.4	...	...	36,685	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	40	...	...	4.9	...	...	33,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	60	...	...	7.4	...	...	31,625	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	410	...	...	50.6	...	...	192,235	...	...	37.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	110	...	...	13.6	...	...	62,870	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	105	...	...	13.0	...	...	43,940	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	105	...	...	13.0	...	...	49,315	...	...	9.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	85	...	...	10.5	...	...	36,110	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	810	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	10	...	...	1.2	...	...	7,035	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	4,245	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	7,915	...	...	1.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	5	...	...	0.6	...	...	8,810	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	25	...	...	3.1	...	...	22,210	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	22,280	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	15	...	...	1.9	...	...	21,475	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	25	...	...	3.1	...	...	24,610	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	30	...	...	3.7	...	...	25,320	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	25	...	...	3.1	...	...	24,380	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	75	...	...	9.3	...	...	48,190	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	70	...	...	8.6	...	...	45,970	...	...	8.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	65	...	...	8.0	...	...	43,145	...	...	8.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	65	...	...	8.0	...	...	38,145	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	70	...	...	8.6	...	...	32,835	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	305	...	...	37.7	...	...	141,500	...	...	27.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	135	...	...	16.7	...	...	59,905	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	65	...	...	8.0	...	...	36,195	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	105	...	...	13.0	...	...	45,400	...	...	8.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	640	...	...	...	...	...	356,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	270	...	...	...	...	...	133,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	315	...	...	...	...	...	155,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	50	...	...	...	...	...	54,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	195	125	70	...	...	...	197,045	99,270	97,775	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	50,000	41,600	43,600	50,000	41,600	37,200	38,800	36,000	37,200	38,800	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	41,200	37,200	38,400	41,200	37,200	33,600	34,400	32,800	33,600	34,400	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	630	...	...	...	...	...	356,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...	116,200	...	...	116,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	255	...	...	...	...	...	133,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	86,600	...	...	86,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	335	...	...	...	...	...	155,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,500	...	...	135,500	...	...	115,400	...	...	115,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	45	...	...	...	...	...	54,305	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	50,000	...	...	50,000	...	...	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...	65,300	...	...	65,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	190	120	70	...	...	...	197,160	98,645	98,515	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,200	53,000	48,000	51,200	53,000	48,000	45,880	47,720	44,040	45,880	47,720	44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	28,800	40,000	33,200	28,800	40,000	38,400	39,320	37,480	38,400	39,320	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,220	656,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	525	275	255	24.3	24.3	24.8	296,575	152,305	144,275	22.7	23.4	22.0
0 to 5 years	160	75	85	7.4	6.6	8.3	95,900	49,120	46,785	7.3	7.6	7.1
18 to 64 years	1,330	685	645	61.6	60.6	62.6	796,825	398,530	398,300	61.0	61.3	60.6
65 years and over	300	165	135	13.9	14.6	13.1	213,785	99,390	114,395	16.4	15.3	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	155	90	70	...	...	...	185,145	87,815	97,330	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	40	20	15	...	...	...	57,935	29,540	28,395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	...	...	...	21,125	10,715	10,410	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	75	50	30	...	...	...	96,515	46,350	50,165	...	...	...
65 years and over	45	25	20	...	...	...	30,695	11,925	18,770	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.4	7.9	6.8	7.4	7.9	6.8	14.2	13.5	14.8	14.2	13.5	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.6	7.6	8.0	7.6	7.6	8.0	19.5	19.4	19.7	19.5	19.4	19.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.0	x	8.0	4.0	x	8.0	22.0	21.8	22.3	22.0	21.8	22.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.8	4.8	5.8	6.8	4.8	12.1	11.6	12.6	12.1	11.6	12.6
65 years and over (%)	14.0	13.0	15.0	14.0	13.0	15.0	14.4	12.0	16.4	14.4	12.0	16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	2,165	1,130	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,244,390	618,665	625,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	530	270	255	24.5	23.9	24.6	270,600	139,000	131,595	21.7	22.5	21.0
0 to 5 years	160	75	80	7.4	6.6	7.7	87,120	44,525	42,595	7.0	7.2	6.8
18 to 64 years	1,330	690	640	61.4	61.1	61.8	763,600	382,005	381,590	61.4	61.7	61.0
65 years and over	305	170	140	14.1	15.0	13.5	210,200	97,660	112,535	16.9	15.8	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	50	35	20	...	...	...	78,315	40,395	37,915	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	15	5	5	...	...	...	18,130	9,425	8,700	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	0	0	0	...	...	...	6,445	3,290	3,155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	35	25	10	...	...	...	53,920	28,310	25,615	...	...	...
65 years and over	5	5	0	...	...	...	6,265	2,665	3,600	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	3.0	1.8	2.4	3.0	1.8	6.3	6.5	6.1	6.3	6.5	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.4	2.5	2.5	6.7	6.8	6.6	6.7	6.8	6.6
0 to 5 years (%)	x	x	x	x	x	x	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4	7.4
18 to 64 years (%)	2.4	3.2	1.6	2.4	3.2	1.6	7.1	7.4	6.7	7.1	7.4	6.7
65 years and over (%)	2.0	2.5	x	2.0	2.5	x	3.0	2.7	3.2	3.0	2.7	3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,220	656,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	1,020	530	495	47.2	46.9	48.1	752,545	367,895	384,650	57.6	56.6	58.5
In bottom decile	130	75	55	6.0	6.6	5.3	163,795	80,430	83,370	12.5	12.4	12.7
In second decile	150	75	80	6.9	6.6	7.8	157,385	74,055	83,325	12.0	11.4	12.7
In third decile	210	105	110	9.7	9.3	10.7	150,155	73,485	76,675	11.5	11.3	11.7
In fourth decile	245	135	115	11.3	11.9	11.2	143,855	71,230	72,620	11.0	11.0	11.1
In fifth decile	285	150	135	13.2	13.3	13.1	137,355	68,700	68,655	10.5	10.6	10.5
In top half of the distribution	1,140	600	540	52.8	53.1	52.4	554,645	282,320	272,320	42.4	43.4	41.5
In sixth decile	235	125	115	10.9	11.1	11.2	132,600	67,115	65,490	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	230	125	105	10.6	11.1	10.2	125,730	63,715	62,015	9.6	9.8	9.4
In eighth decile	225	120	105	10.4	10.6	10.2	117,230	59,570	57,660	9.0	9.2	8.8
In ninth decile	270	130	140	12.5	11.5	13.6	101,140	51,785	49,355	7.7	8.0	7.5
In top decile	180	95	85	8.3	8.4	8.3	77,940	40,145	37,800	6.0	6.2	5.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	2,165	...	...	2,165	...	...	1,307,185	...	...	1,307,185	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.288	...	...	0.288	...	...	0.333	...	...	0.333	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.362	...	...	0.362	...	...	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.256	...	...	0.256	...	...	0.290	...	...	0.290	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,326,815	658,740	668,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	2,850	1,350	1,500	85.2	83.9	86.5	1,197,535	599,870	597,665	90.3	91.1	89.5
French only	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	1,680	805	875	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	435	230	200	13.0	14.3	11.5	110,435	50,380	60,055	8.3	7.6	9.0
Neither English nor French	60	30	25	1.8	1.9	1.4	17,160	7,680	9,480	1.3	1.2	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,326,815	658,740	668,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	3,090	1,475	1,620	92.4	91.6	93.4	1,269,710	631,880	637,825	95.7	95.9	95.5
French	190	100	90	5.7	6.2	5.2	36,195	17,375	18,815	2.7	2.6	2.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,365	2,115	2,245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	60	30	25	1.8	1.9	1.4	16,555	7,360	9,195	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,326,815	658,740	668,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	3,260	1,570	1,685	97.5	97.5	97.1	1,268,595	630,270	638,325	95.6	95.7	95.5
Official languages	1,950	1,020	930	58.3	63.4	53.6	971,850	485,625	486,225	73.2	73.7	72.8
English	1,740	910	830	52.0	56.5	47.8	935,110	468,050	467,065	70.5	71.1	69.9
French	205	110	100	6.1	6.8	5.8	36,740	17,575	19,160	2.8	2.7	2.9
Non-official languages	1,315	550	760	39.3	34.2	43.8	296,745	144,650	152,100	22.4	22.0	22.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	18,885	8,910	9,975	1.4	1.4	1.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,565	8,305	9,265	1.3	1.3	1.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,510	4,000	4,515	0.6	0.6	0.7
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,510	4,000	4,515	0.6	0.6	0.7
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	530	750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,995	3,385	3,615	0.5	0.5	0.5
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,045	4,305	4,745	0.7	0.7	0.7
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,020	2,485	2,535	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,020	1,815	2,205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	445	555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,905	1,310	1,595	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	340	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	340	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	340	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	50	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	50	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	165	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	160	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,310	550	755	39.2	34.2	43.5	277,865	135,735	142,125	20.9	20.6	21.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	14,095	7,350	6,740	1.1	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	55	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,885	940	950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	155	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	180	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	590	675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	11,945	6,265	5,685	0.9	1.0	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,000	955	1,045	0.2	0.1	0.2
Arabic	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	6,470	3,505	2,965	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	300	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,875	1,480	1,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	4,980	2,360	2,620	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	4,710	2,230	2,480	0.4	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	10	10	0.6	0.6	0.6	56,125	26,115	30,010	4.2	4.0	4.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	545	600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	200	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	695	820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	490	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	5	0.4	0.6	0.3	50,540	23,510	27,025	3.8	3.6	4.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,295	1,275	1,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	750	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	275	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,275	530	745	38.1	32.9	42.9	166,785	82,415	84,370	12.6	12.5	12.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.4	0.3	0.6	28,660	13,235	15,420	2.2	2.0	2.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	5	10	0.4	0.3	0.6	28,530	13,180	15,350	2.2	2.0	2.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	245	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	5,300	2,380	2,915	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	5	5	5	0.1	0.3	0.3	9,095	4,440	4,655	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,090	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	425	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	140	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	10,465	4,620	5,850	0.8	0.7	0.9
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	90	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,240	515	725	37.1	32.0	41.8	60,445	28,835	31,610	4.6	4.4	4.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,080	435	645	32.3	27.0	37.2	40,700	19,220	21,480	3.1	2.9	3.2
German	1,080	435	645	32.3	27.0	37.2	40,280	18,990	21,285	3.0	2.9	3.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	75	75	4.5	4.7	4.3	18,230	8,880	9,350	1.4	1.3	1.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	260	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,060	1,025	1,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	135	65	70	4.0	4.0	4.0	2,845	1,355	1,490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	12,245	5,970	6,275	0.9	0.9	0.9
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	700	345	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	370	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	590	595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,135	28,230	24,905	4.0	4.3	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,815	26,535	23,280	3.8	4.0	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,130	1,310	820	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,245	2,830	2,415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,390	1,805	1,590	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	370	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,315	17,605	15,710	2.5	2.7	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	395	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,805	2,015	1,785	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,310	1,685	1,625	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	445	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,095	1,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,360	710	650	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	10	5	0.4	0.6	0.3	22,675	11,185	11,490	1.7	1.7	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	3,185	1,535	1,650	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	7,390	3,620	3,770	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,520	5,755	5,770	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	175	335	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,475	1,640	1,840	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,020	2,500	2,525	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	245	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	480	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,675	845	830	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	250	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	220	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	200	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	185	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.3	20,525	9,945	10,585	1.5	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.3	19,940	9,640	10,300	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,455	6,115	6,340	0.9	0.9	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,795	3,195	3,595	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	200	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	460	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	370	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	85	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	245	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	165	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	540	635	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	960	440	515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	85	35	50	2.5	2.2	2.9	58,220	28,465	29,750	4.4	4.3	4.5
English and French	35	15	25	1.0	0.9	1.4	7,915	3,855	4,065	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	1.2	1.2	0.9	44,745	21,925	22,820	3.4	3.3	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	495	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,855	1,870	1,985	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,326,815	658,740	668,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,915	1,005	915	57.2	62.4	52.7	989,765	494,540	495,225	74.6	75.1	74.1
French	50	25	25	1.5	1.6	1.4	9,840	4,640	5,205	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	420	160	260	12.6	9.9	15.0	82,575	40,585	41,990	6.2	6.2	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,910	1,475	1,435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	420	160	260	12.6	9.9	15.0	79,660	39,115	40,550	6.0	5.9	6.1
English and French	70	35	35	2.1	2.2	2.0	21,790	9,995	11,795	1.6	1.5	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	745	315	430	22.3	19.6	24.8	208,480	102,105	106,375	15.7	15.5	15.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	410	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	5,270	2,450	2,815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	140	65	75	4.2	4.0	4.3	8,240	4,020	4,225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,326,815	658,740	668,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	3,165	1,525	1,640	94.6	94.7	94.5	1,272,180	632,135	640,050	95.9	96.0	95.8
Official languages	2,145	1,115	1,035	64.1	69.3	59.7	1,099,615	546,590	553,025	82.9	83.0	82.8
English	2,075	1,075	1,000	62.0	66.8	57.6	1,084,900	539,735	545,160	81.8	81.9	81.6
French	65	30	35	1.9	1.9	2.0	14,715	6,860	7,860	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official languages	1,020	415	610	30.5	25.8	35.2	172,570	85,540	87,025	13.0	13.0	13.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,625	3,850	3,770	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,015	3,525	3,485	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,385	1,715	1,675	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,385	1,715	1,675	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	125	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,050	1,565	1,485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,815	1,810	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,550	1,305	1,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	510	570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	385	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	250	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	250	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	250	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,020	415	610	30.5	25.8	35.2	164,945	81,695	83,255	12.4	12.4	12.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	9,250	4,680	4,570	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,260	595	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	125	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	390	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,875	4,025	3,845	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	535	600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,335	2,245	2,090	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	205	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,030	975	0.2	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,565	1,715	1,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,435	1,650	1,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.3	36,445	17,565	18,880	2.7	2.7	2.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	150	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	340	315	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	115	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	345	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	315	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	5	5	0.4	0.3	0.3	33,565	16,130	17,435	2.5	2.4	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,480	800	680	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	500	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,000	405	600	29.9	25.2	34.6	91,465	45,820	45,640	6.9	7.0	6.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	11,345	5,540	5,805	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	11,325	5,535	5,795	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775	800	975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	5,895	2,950	2,940	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	955	450	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,350	1,155	1,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	995	400	600	29.7	24.8	34.6	24,050	11,300	12,750	1.8	1.7	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	855	335	520	25.6	20.8	30.0	18,665	8,700	9,970	1.4	1.3	1.5
German	855	335	520	25.6	20.8	30.0	18,585	8,650	9,935	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	65	75	4.2	4.0	4.3	4,670	2,275	2,395	0.4	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	100	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	135	65	70	4.0	4.0	4.0	1,115	540	575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,005	1,470	1,535	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	300	340	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,605	22,965	20,635	3.3	3.5	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,260	21,815	19,450	3.1	3.3	2.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,340	765	570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	2,210	1,995	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,375	1,230	1,145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	265	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,395	15,580	13,815	2.2	2.4	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	250	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,705	1,400	1,300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,335	1,150	1,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	340	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	720	725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	475	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,555	5,575	5,975	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	320	455	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,695	1,755	1,945	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,885	3,405	3,480	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,295	1,390	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,160	1,035	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	275	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	320	385	0.1	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	340	265	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	290	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,585	7,640	7,950	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,135	7,400	7,735	1.1	1.1	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,985	4,955	5,025	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,795	2,270	2,525	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	240	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	175	85	90	5.2	5.3	5.2	54,635	26,605	28,025	4.1	4.0	4.2
English and French	5	5	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	4,330	2,015	2,315	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	175	80	90	5.2	5.0	5.2	48,350	23,650	24,700	3.6	3.6	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	190	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	280	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	465	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	3,345	1,610	1,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,326,815	658,740	668,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	2,555	1,275	1,285	76.4	79.2	74.1	1,128,495	562,275	566,225	85.1	85.4	84.8
English	480	200	280	14.3	12.4	16.1	73,880	36,630	37,250	5.6	5.6	5.6
French	50	25	25	1.5	1.6	1.4	14,475	6,645	7,830	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	250	110	140	7.5	6.8	8.1	86,505	41,355	45,150	6.5	6.3	6.8
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	12,015	5,565	6,455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-Indigenous	240	105	130	7.2	6.5	7.5	74,485	35,790	38,695	5.6	5.4	5.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	335	420	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	12,370	6,345	6,025	0.9	1.0	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.3	2,360	1,060	1,300	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,810	4,005	3,805	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,230	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,290,665	642,990	647,680	98.7	98.9	98.6
English	2,155	1,130	1,025	99.8	100.0	99.5	1,288,945	642,225	646,720	98.6	98.8	98.4
French	500	270	235	23.1	23.9	22.8	111,785	51,090	60,700	8.6	7.9	9.2
Non-official languages	235	115	115	10.9	10.2	11.2	380,140	185,575	194,565	29.1	28.5	29.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	34,405	16,285	18,120	2.6	2.5	2.8
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,200	15,235	16,965	2.5	2.3	2.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,120	7,560	8,560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,115	7,555	8,560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	955	1,375	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	65	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,310	6,420	6,890	1.0	1.0	1.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,400	7,835	8,560	1.3	1.2	1.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,910	4,445	4,460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,595	3,450	4,150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,690	725	960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,695	2,630	3,070	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	425	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	410	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	410	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	155	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	405	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	405	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	225	110	110	10.4	9.7	10.7	346,060	169,435	176,630	26.5	26.1	26.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,735	11,625	11,115	1.7	1.8	1.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	235	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	230	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,225	1,270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	200	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	205	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,690	810	875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,430	10,430	10,000	1.6	1.6	1.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,055	1,905	2,150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,275	5,425	4,850	0.8	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,800	1,955	1,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,475	2,225	2,245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,645	3,125	3,520	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,260	2,945	3,310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	10	0.9	1.3	1.0	74,995	35,135	39,860	5.7	5.4	6.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	145	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	960	430	525	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,045	1,065	985	0.2	0.2	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	395	420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,395	1,585	1,815	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	905	925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	125	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	0.9	1.3	0.0	73,440	34,315	39,130	5.6	5.3	6.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	135	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	620	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	740	840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	105	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	155	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,300	1,800	1,500	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	180	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,740	930	810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	645	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	320	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	175	90	90	8.1	8.0	8.7	196,040	97,895	98,150	15.0	15.1	14.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	220	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,420	16,940	19,480	2.8	2.6	3.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	45	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,340	16,910	19,430	2.8	2.6	3.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	255	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,045	3,285	3,760	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,835	7,225	7,600	1.1	1.1	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,915	1,445	1,475	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	470	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	750	745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	615	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	155	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	125	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,845	6,585	8,260	1.1	1.0	1.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	185	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	120	50	75	5.6	4.4	7.3	61,790	30,450	31,335	4.7	4.7	4.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	60	4.2	3.1	5.8	42,555	20,860	21,685	3.3	3.2	3.3
German	90	35	60	4.2	3.1	5.8	41,980	20,605	21,375	3.2	3.2	3.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	135	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	155	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	15	15	1.6	1.3	1.5	22,220	11,000	11,220	1.7	1.7	1.7
Afrikaans	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	1,000	520	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,840	1,380	1,465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,275	1,615	1,665	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0	15,055	7,445	7,610	1.2	1.1	1.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	615	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	215	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	175	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	860	760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,340	35,640	30,695	5.1	5.5	4.7
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	62,505	33,645	28,860	4.8	5.2	4.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,740	1,635	1,105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,535	3,685	2,850	0.5	0.6	0.4
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,980	14,375	12,610	2.1	2.2	1.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	245	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	405	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,820	22,950	19,870	3.3	3.5	3.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	605	595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,800	3,660	3,140	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,175	2,180	1,995	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	590	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	255	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,615	1,390	1,225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	420	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	885	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	135	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	45	15	2.8	4.0	1.5	37,540	18,165	19,375	2.9	2.8	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	15	0	0.7	1.3	0.0	5,230	2,505	2,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,590	4,735	4,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	345	320	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	30	25	0	1.4	2.2	0.0	23,435	11,295	12,140	1.8	1.7	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	765	740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,330	2,075	2,255	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,260	7,240	7,020	1.1	1.1	1.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	250	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	145	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	110	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	940	745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	245	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	270	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	210	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	155	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,005	1,500	1,505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	200	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,075	3,030	3,045	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,790	900	890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	280	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	150	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,570	925	1,650	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,370	830	1,545	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0	23,835	11,375	12,460	1.8	1.7	1.9
Chinese languages	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0	23,215	11,080	12,135	1.8	1.7	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,765	8,055	8,715	1.3	1.2	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	220	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,920	4,135	4,790	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	300	330	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	190	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	720	920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	565	650	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	235	385	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	415	320	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	80	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	355	280	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,510	690	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	585	675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	145	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,230	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	445	250	190	20.6	22.1	18.4	237,185	115,585	121,605	18.1	17.8	18.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	445	250	190	20.6	22.1	18.4	232,345	113,375	118,970	17.8	17.4	18.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	50	30	20	2.3	2.7	1.9	134,890	65,230	69,660	10.3	10.0	10.6
Métis	390	225	165	18.1	19.9	16.0	96,725	47,820	48,910	7.4	7.4	7.4
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	330	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,935	1,300	1,635	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	905	1,000	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	1,715	875	845	79.4	77.4	82.0	1,069,995	534,645	535,350	81.9	82.2	81.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,230	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	50	35	15	2.3	3.1	1.5	127,205	61,330	65,875	9.7	9.4	10.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	2,110	1,095	1,015	97.7	96.9	98.5	1,179,985	588,900	591,080	90.3	90.6	90.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	745	...	...	91.4	...	...	349,325	...	...	67.4	...	...
Renter	65	...	...	8.0	...	...	156,490	...	...	30.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	12,240	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	41,700	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not condominium	805	...	...	98.8	...	...	476,355	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	5,050	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	25	...	...	3.1	...	...	67,100	...	...	13.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	125	...	...	15.3	...	...	129,795	...	...	25.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	315	...	...	38.7	...	...	184,620	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	345	...	...	42.3	...	...	131,485	...	...	25.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	90	...	...	11.0	...	...	151,270	...	...	29.2	...	...
5 rooms	140	...	...	17.2	...	...	88,535	...	...	17.1	...	...
6 rooms	115	...	...	14.1	...	...	81,220	...	...	15.7	...	...
7 rooms	90	...	...	11.0	...	...	64,300	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	370	...	...	45.4	...	...	132,725	...	...	25.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.3	...	...	7.3	...	...	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	800	...	...	98.2	...	...	499,415	...	...	96.4	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	1.8	...	...	18,640	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	795	...	...	97.5	...	...	481,860	...	...	93.0	...	...
Not suitable	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	36,195	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	185	...	...	22.7	...	...	137,225	...	...	26.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	210	...	...	25.8	...	...	157,190	...	...	30.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	90	...	...	11.0	...	...	65,060	...	...	12.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	125	...	...	15.3	...	...	43,790	...	...	8.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	55	...	...	6.7	...	...	21,035	...	...	4.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	50	...	...	6.1	...	...	26,890	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	60	...	...	7.4	...	...	30,920	...	...	6.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	40	...	...	4.9	...	...	35,935	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	750	...	...	92.0	...	...	478,435	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	65	...	...	8.0	...	...	39,615	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	365	...	...	44.8	...	...	266,615	...	...	51.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	430	...	...	52.8	...	...	229,405	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	15	...	...	1.8	...	...	22,035	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	815	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	10	...	...	1.2	...	...	19,175	...	...	3.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	95	...	...	11.7	...	...	77,045	...	...	14.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	145	...	...	17.8	...	...	92,145	...	...	17.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	130	...	...	16.0	...	...	88,630	...	...	17.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	250	...	...	30.7	...	...	100,500	...	...	19.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	105	...	...	12.9	...	...	80,845	...	...	15.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	60	...	...	7.4	...	...	43,190	...	...	8.3	...	...
85 years and over	15	...	...	1.8	...	...	16,520	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	785	...	...	100.0	...	...	492,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	685	...	...	87.3	...	...	407,560	...	...	82.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	100	...	...	12.7	...	...	85,365	...	...	17.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	100	...	...	12.7	...	...	75,790	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	810	...	...	100.0	...	...	518,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	20.4	...	...	145,805	...	...	28.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	80	...	...	9.9	...	...	74,850	...	...	14.4	...	...
Not suitable only	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	26,905	...	...	5.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	45	...	...	5.6	...	...	28,995	...	...	5.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	4,435	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	2.5	...	...	5,770	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	4,540	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	310	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	645	...	...	79.6	...	...	372,245	...	...	71.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	780	...	...	100.0	...	...	483,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	45	...	...	5.8	...	...	48,810	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	740	...	...	94.9	...	...	434,535	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	725	...	...	...	...	...	338,920	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.4	...	...	63.4	...	...	61.1	...	...	61.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...	9.9	...	...	9.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.9	...	...	4.9	...	...	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,316	...	...	1,316	...	...	1,225	...	...	1,225	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	352,000	...	...	352,000	...	...	304,000	...	...	304,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	387,000	...	...	387,000	...	...	338,800	...	...	338,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	...	...	...	155,090	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	33.5	...	...	33.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	22.0	...	...	22.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	880	...	...	880	...	...	1,074	...	...	1,074	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	12,240	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	200	...	...	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	228	...	...	228	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	2,165	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,235	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	235	140	95	10.9	12.4	9.2	138,505	67,565	70,940	10.6	10.4	10.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	235	140	95	10.9	12.4	9.2	135,665	66,250	69,410	10.4	10.2	10.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	40	25	10	1.8	2.2	1.0	111,560	54,325	57,230	8.5	8.4	8.7
Métis single ancestry	200	110	85	9.2	9.7	8.3	23,765	11,765	12,005	1.8	1.8	1.8
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	160	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,840	1,310	1,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,740	1,265	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	190	115	75	8.8	10.2	7.3	100,900	49,370	51,530	7.7	7.6	7.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	180	110	75	8.3	9.7	7.3	96,245	47,335	48,905	7.4	7.3	7.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	30	35	3.2	2.7	3.4	38,520	18,690	19,830	2.9	2.9	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	115	75	40	5.3	6.6	3.9	57,175	28,405	28,770	4.4	4.4	4.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	240	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,660	2,030	2,625	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,495	1,955	2,540	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,735	875	860	80.1	77.4	83.5	1,067,785	533,300	534,485	81.7	82.0	81.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	2,165	1,130	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,235	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	2,095	1,085	1,010	96.8	96.0	97.6	1,175,775	582,760	593,015	89.9	89.6	90.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	530	270	265	24.5	23.9	25.6	275,095	141,220	133,875	21.0	21.7	20.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,565	815	750	72.3	72.1	72.5	900,680	441,540	459,145	68.9	67.9	69.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	65	40	25	3.0	3.5	2.4	131,410	67,470	63,940	10.1	10.4	9.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	2,165	1,130	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,235	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	2,000	1,050	955	92.4	92.9	92.3	1,015,280	505,375	509,905	77.7	77.7	77.6
Immigrants⁸¹	150	75	80	6.9	6.6	7.7	257,620	125,385	132,230	19.7	19.3	20.1
Before 1980	25	15	0	1.2	1.3	0.0	38,780	18,260	20,520	3.0	2.8	3.1
1980 to 1990	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.0	21,210	10,580	10,630	1.6	1.6	1.6
1991 to 2000	25	10	15	1.2	0.9	1.4	21,305	9,845	11,460	1.6	1.5	1.7
2001 to 2010	40	10	25	1.8	0.9	2.4	65,555	32,250	33,305	5.0	5.0	5.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	50	30	15	2.3	2.7	1.4	110,770	54,455	56,315	8.5	8.4	8.6
2011 to 2015	40	20	15	1.8	1.8	1.4	52,400	25,565	26,840	4.0	3.9	4.1
2016 to 2021	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0	58,370	28,890	29,480	4.5	4.4	4.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	34,290	19,475	14,820	2.6	3.0	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	155	75	75	100.0	100.0	100.0	257,620	125,385	132,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	20	0	10	12.9	0.0	13.3	26,725	13,740	12,990	10.4	11.0	9.8
5 to 14 years	20	10	10	12.9	13.3	13.3	50,695	26,085	24,615	19.7	20.8	18.6
15 to 24 years	30	20	10	19.4	26.7	13.3	45,575	21,480	24,095	17.7	17.1	18.2
25 to 44 years	70	35	35	45.2	46.7	46.7	113,910	54,055	59,855	44.2	43.1	45.3
45 years and over	15	0	10	9.7	0.0	13.3	20,710	10,035	10,680	8.0	8.0	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	155	75	75	100.0	100.0	100.0	257,620	125,385	132,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	30	15	15	19.4	20.0	20.0	32,020	15,230	16,795	12.4	12.1	12.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	905	900	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	565	575	0.4	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	10	10	0	6.5	13.3	0.0	2,575	1,350	1,230	1.0	1.1	0.9
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,190	505	685	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	995	1,115	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,845	2,825	3,025	2.3	2.3	2.3
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	110	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	800	835	0.6	0.6	0.6
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,705	2,875	3,830	2.6	2.3	2.9
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	9.7	0.0	20.0	8,570	4,205	4,365	3.3	3.4	3.3
Europe	90	50	45	58.1	66.7	60.0	53,125	26,140	26,980	20.6	20.8	20.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	495	450	0.4	0.4	0.3
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	365	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	15	0	10	9.7	0.0	13.3	975	535	440	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	15	10	10	9.7	13.3	13.3	9,360	4,805	4,560	3.6	3.8	3.4
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	440	335	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	300	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italy	10	10	0	6.5	13.3	0.0	2,470	1,225	1,245	1.0	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	1,055	995	0.8	0.8	0.8
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,395	1,995	2,405	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,040	1,965	2,075	1.6	1.6	1.6
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	310	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,235	1,910	2,320	1.6	1.5	1.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,370	2,580	2,785	2.1	2.1	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	9.7	0.0	13.3	10,995	5,390	5,605	4.3	4.3	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	10	10	0	6.5	13.3	0.0	5,105	2,585	2,520	2.0	2.1	1.9
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,150	13,605	13,545	10.5	10.9	10.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	145	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	750	675	0.6	0.6	0.5
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	690	630	0.5	0.6	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,550	1,390	1.1	1.2	1.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,945	1,380	1,565	1.1	1.1	1.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	250	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,550	4,420	4,125	3.3	3.5	3.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	350	530	0.3	0.3	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,180	615	565	0.5	0.5	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,090	3,465	3,625	2.8	2.8	2.7
Asia	30	15	20	19.4	20.0	26.7	144,495	69,980	74,515	56.1	55.8	56.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	395	450	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	630	475	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,295	650	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	190	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	1,020	880	0.7	0.8	0.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	145	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,250	4,760	5,490	4.0	3.8	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	640	620	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,955	1,440	1,515	1.1	1.1	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	105	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	10	0	0	6.5	0.0	0.0	70,265	32,770	37,500	27.3	26.1	28.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,575	2,120	2,455	1.8	1.7	1.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,295	655	640	0.5	0.5	0.5
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,155	16,625	15,535	12.5	13.3	11.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,170	2,155	2,015	1.6	1.7	1.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	535	585	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	6.5	0.0	13.3	10,410	5,145	5,265	4.0	4.1	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	430	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15	10	0	100.0	100.0	0.0	58,370	28,890	29,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,285	2,610	2,675	9.1	9.0	9.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,435	740	695	2.5	2.6	2.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	145	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	230	205	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	325	335	1.1	1.1	1.1
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	520	515	1.8	1.8	1.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,340	615	725	2.3	2.1	2.5
Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,380	2,200	2,175	7.5	7.6	7.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	275	290	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	95	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	320	335	1.1	1.1	1.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	610	695	2.2	2.1	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	235	165	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	510	500	1.7	1.8	1.7
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,065	5,545	5,525	19.0	19.2	18.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	85	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	235	210	0.8	0.8	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,445	755	685	2.5	2.6	2.3
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	280	405	1.2	1.0	1.4
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,105	2,660	2,445	8.7	9.2	8.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	155	230	0.7	0.5	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	150	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	185	200	0.7	0.6	0.7
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	75	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	580	655	2.1	2.0	2.2
Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,420	18,415	19,005	64.1	63.7	64.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	265	315	1.0	0.9	1.1
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,670	1,915	6.1	5.8	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	100	115	0.4	0.3	0.4
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,340	6,785	6,550	22.9	23.5	22.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	150	120	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	305	355	1.1	1.1	1.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	250	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	440	425	1.5	1.5	1.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	105	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	640	570	2.1	2.2	1.9
Philippines	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,705	5,535	6,165	20.1	19.2	20.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,575	855	725	2.7	3.0	2.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	250	335	1.0	0.9	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	545	530	1.8	1.9	1.8
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	120	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,230	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	175	95	85	8.1	8.4	8.3	302,745	150,415	152,330	23.2	23.1	23.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	280	135	145	13.0	11.9	14.1	202,165	100,815	101,345	15.5	15.5	15.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	1,705	900	805	78.9	79.6	78.2	802,280	398,995	403,280	61.4	61.4	61.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	130	55	75	100.0	100.0	100.0	218,840	107,130	111,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	85	45	40	65.4	81.8	53.3	147,400	74,600	72,800	67.4	69.6	65.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	45	30	15	34.6	54.5	20.0	57,330	34,270	23,060	26.2	32.0	20.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	35	10	25	26.9	18.2	33.3	90,070	40,330	49,740	41.2	37.6	44.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	35	0	30	26.9	0.0	40.0	45,750	19,465	26,285	20.9	18.2	23.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,560	12,580	11,985	11.2	11.7	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,130	485	645	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	130	55	75	100.0	100.0	100.0	218,840	107,130	111,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,360	1,280	1,080	1.1	1.2	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	15	10	10	11.5	18.2	13.3	16,195	8,620	7,570	7.4	8.0	6.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	10	10	0	7.7	18.2	0.0	4,360	2,245	2,115	2.0	2.1	1.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	10	0	0	7.7	0.0	0.0	11,250	6,310	4,935	5.1	5.9	4.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	510	725	0.6	0.5	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	85	35	50	65.4	63.6	66.7	183,440	88,155	95,290	83.8	82.3	85.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,230	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	115	70	45	5.3	6.2	4.4	290,735	146,545	144,190	22.2	22.5	21.9
South Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,215	38,300	32,915	5.4	5.9	5.0
Chinese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,390	12,400	12,995	1.9	1.9	2.0
Black	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	46,485	23,800	22,680	3.6	3.7	3.5
Filipino	35	25	15	1.6	2.2	1.5	94,315	45,640	48,675	7.2	7.0	7.4
Arab	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,820	4,120	3,695	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latin American	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	12,835	6,425	6,410	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,370	5,470	5,905	0.9	0.8	0.9
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,450	1,800	1,645	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,325	2,095	2,225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,860	885	975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,220	1,520	1,700	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	30	15	15	1.4	1.3	1.5	8,455	4,080	4,375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	2,050	1,065	985	94.9	94.2	95.6	1,016,450	503,690	512,760	77.8	77.5	78.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	2,165	1,130	1,035	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,185	650,235	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	255	135	115	11.8	11.9	11.1	109,195	55,655	53,545	8.4	8.6	8.2
English	425	220	205	19.6	19.5	19.8	210,285	102,600	107,685	16.1	15.8	16.4
Irish	375	150	220	17.3	13.3	21.3	144,420	68,390	76,030	11.0	10.5	11.6
Scottish	395	175	220	18.2	15.5	21.3	189,650	92,140	97,500	14.5	14.2	14.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	400	220	180	18.5	19.5	17.4	121,095	59,145	61,945	9.3	9.1	9.4
German	360	190	175	16.6	16.8	16.9	177,355	87,730	89,630	13.6	13.5	13.6
Chinese	30	10	20	1.4	0.9	1.9	29,550	14,350	15,200	2.3	2.2	2.3
Italian	50	25	20	2.3	2.2	1.9	22,835	11,405	11,435	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indian (India)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,825	20,540	18,280	3.0	3.2	2.8
Ukrainian	245	100	140	11.3	8.8	13.5	165,305	80,985	84,320	12.6	12.5	12.8
Dutch	100	55	40	4.6	4.9	3.9	43,390	21,330	22,055	3.3	3.3	3.4
Polish	115	55	55	5.3	4.9	5.3	78,860	38,085	40,780	6.0	5.9	6.2
Québécois	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	650	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	50	30	20	2.3	2.7	1.9	26,990	13,555	13,440	2.1	2.1	2.0
Filipino	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0	90,945	43,995	46,955	7.0	6.8	7.1
French Canadian	65	35	30	3.0	3.1	2.9	12,435	5,870	6,555	1.0	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.0	17,290	8,920	8,365	1.3	1.4	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	45	20	20	2.1	1.8	1.9	58,255	28,405	29,850	4.5	4.4	4.5
Métis	325	195	130	15.0	17.3	12.6	88,300	43,445	44,860	6.8	6.7	6.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	55	20	35	2.5	1.8	3.4	14,900	7,525	7,380	1.1	1.2	1.1
Russian	85	45	40	3.9	4.0	3.9	48,570	23,770	24,795	3.7	3.7	3.8
Norwegian	100	60	35	4.6	5.3	3.4	19,115	8,940	10,180	1.5	1.4	1.5
Welsh	50	20	30	2.3	1.8	2.9	17,180	8,090	9,090	1.3	1.2	1.4
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	13,395	6,755	6,645	1.0	1.0	1.0
American	50	10	45	2.3	0.9	4.3	8,345	4,040	4,310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Spanish	25	15	10	1.2	1.3	1.0	10,845	5,165	5,680	0.8	0.8	0.9
Swedish	20	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.4	21,165	9,840	11,325	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,175	5,030	5,150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	710	760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,030	2,605	2,425	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,460	4,385	4,070	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	11,745	5,775	5,970	0.9	0.9	0.9
Punjabi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,790	7,570	6,215	1.1	1.2	0.9
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,290	3,470	3,820	0.6	0.5	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,245	1,750	1,495	0.2	0.3	0.2
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,795	1,960	1,835	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,475	2,370	2,100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,280	4,610	4,680	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.0	40,225	19,450	20,770	3.1	3.0	3.2
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,250	2,040	2,210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,510	2,655	2,855	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	765	740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	825	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,240	2,640	2,600	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,700	3,640	4,060	0.6	0.6	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	20	10	0	0.9	0.9	0.0	17,400	8,510	8,890	1.3	1.3	1.4
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,095	4,855	4,240	0.7	0.7	0.6
Austrian	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	1.0	11,440	5,540	5,900	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	55	35	25	2.5	3.1	2.4	20,580	10,335	10,245	1.6	1.6	1.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	230	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,560	2,485	2,075	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,425	3,720	3,710	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	65	40	20	3.0	3.5	1.9	51,200	25,700	25,500	3.9	4.0	3.9
Swiss	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.0	5,255	2,550	2,705	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,100	1,950	2,145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,180	625	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,080	1,545	1,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,770	1,305	1,465	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	910	820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	560	555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.0	4,505	2,125	2,375	0.3	0.3	0.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	980	910	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,635	870	765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,755	1,290	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	205	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	60	10	50	2.8	0.9	4.8	31,105	15,305	15,795	2.4	2.4	2.4
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,380	650	730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,330	2,080	2,245	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	875	800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	670	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	625	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,175	1,135	1,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	665	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	40	25	15	1.8	2.2	1.4	24,885	11,890	12,995	1.9	1.8	2.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	440	395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	515	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	260	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	285	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,460	1,215	1,245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	885	520	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	515	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	1,125	725	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	145	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,030	1,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,580	2,860	2,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	180	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,005	1,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,975	1,425	1,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	700	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	160	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	740	355	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	40	30	10	1.8	2.7	1.0	2,575	1,360	1,215	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	355	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,060	1,030	1,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	390	325	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	565	685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	300	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	555	595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	660	665	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	595	600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	435	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	810	770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,410	715	690	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,975	1,440	1,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,130	635	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	160	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,885	2,540	2,350	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	400	420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	215	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	160	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	470	525	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	385	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	765	480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,345	1,670	1,675	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	325	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,435	770	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	235	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	740	905	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	185	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	335	235	0.0	0.1	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	250	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	455	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	425	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	105	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,175	600	570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	90	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	65	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	660	650	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	325	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	105	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	285	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	265	340	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,840	895	950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	740	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	320	330	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	335	300	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	120	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	290	335	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	300	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	610	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	270	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	300	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	315	505	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	335	285	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,715	915	800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	390	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	650	725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	245	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	150	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	160	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	50	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	170	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	200	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,445	1,545	1,900	0.3	0.2	0.3
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,550	2,030	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	200	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	735	665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	205	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	130	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,665	2,790	2,880	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,155	3,600	3,555	0.5	0.6	0.5
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	165	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	275	335	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	310	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	110	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	495	590	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	55	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	165	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	210	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	185	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	90	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	260	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	105	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	250	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	210	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	225	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,210	1,570	1,640	0.2	0.2	0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	2,160	1,130	1,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,307,190	650,230	656,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	1.0	7,440	3,365	4,080	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	1,185	600	580	54.9	53.1	56.3	708,850	335,490	373,365	54.2	51.6	56.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	155	80	75	7.2	7.1	7.3	149,880	73,465	76,415	11.5	11.3	11.6
Anabaptist	60	35	30	2.8	3.1	2.9	31,000	14,905	16,095	2.4	2.3	2.4
Anglican	15	15	0	0.7	1.3	0.0	42,660	18,960	23,700	3.3	2.9	3.6
Baptist	25	20	10	1.2	1.8	1.0	14,260	6,770	7,490	1.1	1.0	1.1
Catholic	585	300	290	27.1	26.5	28.2	276,925	132,290	144,635	21.2	20.3	22.0
Christian Orthodox	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	17,445	8,240	9,205	1.3	1.3	1.4
Jehovah's Witness	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	1,770	2,215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	815	830	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	105	40	70	4.9	3.5	6.8	27,775	12,665	15,115	2.1	1.9	2.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	15	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.5	1,860	915	945	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,465	9,700	10,765	1.6	1.5	1.6
Presbyterian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,725	2,585	3,140	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,430	1,210	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	115	65	45	5.3	5.8	4.4	75,425	33,275	42,150	5.8	5.1	6.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	70	35	30	3.2	3.1	2.9	37,380	17,925	19,455	2.9	2.8	3.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,355	10,005	8,350	1.4	1.5	1.3
Jewish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,565	5,685	5,875	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,430	13,960	12,470	2.0	2.1	1.9
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,470	18,625	16,850	2.7	2.9	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,190	4,735	5,455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Other religions and spiritual traditions	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	8,570	3,665	4,910	0.7	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	955	515	440	44.2	45.6	42.7	480,315	254,700	225,615	36.7	39.2	34.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	2,130	1,115	1,015	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,291,715	642,120	649,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	1,895	1,000	900	89.0	89.7	88.7	1,131,315	562,370	568,945	87.6	87.6	87.6
Movers	235	120	115	11.0	10.8	11.3	160,395	79,750	80,650	12.4	12.4	12.4
Non-migrants	50	30	20	2.3	2.7	2.0	107,815	53,405	54,415	8.3	8.3	8.4
Migrants	185	85	95	8.7	7.6	9.4	52,580	26,350	26,235	4.1	4.1	4.0
Internal migrants	185	85	95	8.7	7.6	9.4	43,010	21,565	21,445	3.3	3.4	3.3
Intraprovincial migrants	170	80	85	8.0	7.2	8.4	28,745	13,895	14,850	2.2	2.2	2.3
Interprovincial migrants	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.0	14,260	7,670	6,595	1.1	1.2	1.0
External migrants	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,575	4,785	4,790	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	2,025	1,065	965	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,228,155	609,800	618,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	1,500	785	715	74.1	73.7	74.1	754,005	374,495	379,510	61.4	61.4	61.4
Movers	520	280	250	25.7	26.3	25.9	474,145	235,305	238,850	38.6	38.6	38.6
Non-migrants	75	30	45	3.7	2.8	4.7	249,915	123,190	126,720	20.3	20.2	20.5
Migrants	445	250	200	22.0	23.5	20.7	224,235	112,110	112,125	18.3	18.4	18.1
Internal migrants	440	235	200	21.7	22.1	20.7	154,275	76,075	78,205	12.6	12.5	12.6
Intraprovincial migrants	400	220	185	19.8	20.7	19.2	122,120	59,775	62,345	9.9	9.8	10.1
Interprovincial migrants	40	25	15	2.0	2.3	1.6	32,155	16,295	15,860	2.6	2.7	2.6
External migrants	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0	69,960	36,035	33,925	5.7	5.9	5.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,720	915	810	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	345	245	100	20.1	26.8	12.3	220,975	119,615	101,360	20.9	22.9	18.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,380	670	705	80.2	73.2	87.0	837,440	402,890	434,545	79.1	77.1	81.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,185	605	580	100.0	100.0	100.0	675,695	335,160	340,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	165	125	45	13.9	20.7	7.8	93,765	54,570	39,190	13.9	16.3	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,015	480	535	85.7	79.3	92.2	581,930	280,590	301,345	86.1	83.7	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,720	915	805	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,415	522,505	535,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	305	210	95	17.7	23.0	11.8	199,845	106,915	92,930	18.9	20.5	17.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	555	315	245	32.3	34.4	30.4	326,725	165,725	161,000	30.9	31.7	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	855	395	470	49.7	43.2	58.4	531,840	249,865	281,975	50.2	47.8	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	515	250	260	29.9	27.3	32.3	289,775	143,310	146,465	27.4	27.4	27.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	120	75	40	7.0	8.2	5.0	70,655	50,775	19,880	6.7	9.7	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	55	35	25	3.2	3.8	3.1	33,000	19,615	13,385	3.1	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	65	45	20	3.8	4.9	2.5	37,655	31,170	6,495	3.6	6.0	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	330	135	190	19.2	14.8	23.6	187,205	78,650	108,555	17.7	15.1	20.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	65	40	30	3.8	4.4	3.7	31,915	13,885	18,030	3.0	2.7	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	340	135	205	19.8	14.8	25.5	242,070	106,550	135,515	22.9	20.4	25.3
Bachelor's degree	280	110	175	16.3	12.0	21.7	170,835	73,420	97,410	16.1	14.1	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	10	10	0.9	1.1	1.2	19,020	8,040	10,980	1.8	1.5	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	20	10	0	1.2	1.1	0.0	6,605	3,540	3,055	0.6	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	30	10	20	1.7	1.1	2.5	39,155	17,765	21,395	3.7	3.4	4.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,460	3,790	2,670	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,180	605	575	100.0	100.0	100.0	675,695	335,160	340,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	135	100	35	11.4	16.5	6.1	82,960	48,095	34,865	12.3	14.3	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	340	200	140	28.8	33.1	24.3	191,820	101,785	90,030	28.4	30.4	26.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	705	310	400	59.7	51.2	69.6	400,915	185,280	215,635	59.3	55.3	63.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	410	190	220	34.7	31.4	38.3	206,375	101,960	104,415	30.5	30.4	30.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	90	55	40	7.6	9.1	7.0	48,360	34,915	13,440	7.2	10.4	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	40	15	25	3.4	2.5	4.3	21,795	13,050	8,745	3.2	3.9	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	50	35	10	4.2	5.8	1.7	26,560	21,860	4,695	3.9	6.5	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	295	125	165	25.0	20.7	28.7	136,480	57,535	78,945	20.2	17.2	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30	10	20	2.5	1.7	3.5	21,540	9,510	12,025	3.2	2.8	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	300	115	180	25.4	19.0	31.3	194,545	83,315	111,225	28.8	24.9	32.7
Bachelor's degree	240	90	150	20.3	14.9	26.1	138,130	58,540	79,585	20.4	17.5	23.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0	14,055	5,695	8,360	2.1	1.7	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	15	15	0	1.3	2.5	0.0	5,440	2,700	2,740	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	30	10	20	2.5	1.7	3.5	32,255	13,895	18,355	4.8	4.1	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,665	2,480	2,180	0.7	0.7	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,720	915	805	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	860	525	340	50.0	57.4	42.2	526,565	272,640	253,930	49.8	52.2	47.4
Education	45	20	25	2.6	2.2	3.1	46,425	12,035	34,390	4.4	2.3	6.4
13. Education	45	20	25	2.6	2.2	3.1	46,425	12,035	34,390	4.4	2.3	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.9	13,220	5,915	7,305	1.2	1.1	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	1,070	325	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.9	11,820	4,840	6,980	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	30	10	20	1.7	1.1	2.5	26,260	11,175	15,085	2.5	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,910	505	1,405	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2	4,390	1,270	3,120	0.4	0.2	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	8,810	3,550	5,260	0.8	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	205	320	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	1,085	725	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	1.2	1.1	1.2	4,670	2,665	2,010	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,250	1,745	1,510	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	155	740	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	50	10	45	2.9	1.1	5.6	53,520	18,160	35,360	5.1	3.5	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	230	880	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,755	2,230	2,525	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.5	11,430	840	10,590	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2	7,840	2,605	5,235	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	430	995	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2	9,330	2,620	6,715	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	17,630	9,200	8,425	1.7	1.8	1.6
Business, management and public administration	180	50	130	10.5	5.5	16.1	109,380	42,975	66,405	10.3	8.2	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	55	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.5	9,140	2,145	6,995	0.9	0.4	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	160	50	110	9.3	5.5	13.7	99,955	40,780	59,175	9.4	7.8	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	45	15	30	2.6	1.6	3.7	18,690	9,215	9,480	1.8	1.8	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	10	10	0	0.6	1.1	0.0	7,670	3,530	4,140	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.9	5,710	2,780	2,930	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	110	545	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.2	3,680	2,510	1,170	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	290	700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.2	23,790	15,020	8,770	2.2	2.9	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	20,040	13,490	6,550	1.9	2.6	1.2
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,190	190	1,000	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,300	1,180	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	155	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	180	170	15	10.5	18.6	1.9	101,835	92,590	9,240	9.6	17.7	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,910	1,660	1,245	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	30	30	0	1.7	3.3	0.0	20,020	16,270	3,745	1.9	3.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	35	30	15	2.0	3.3	1.9	22,455	19,910	2,550	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	40	40	0	2.3	4.4	0.0	23,215	22,610	605	2.2	4.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	50	50	0	2.9	5.5	0.0	23,255	22,635	620	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	25	25	0	1.5	2.7	0.0	9,980	9,495	480	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	80	55	30	4.7	6.0	3.7	17,715	11,285	6,435	1.7	2.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	70	45	25	4.1	4.9	3.1	14,210	9,130	5,075	1.3	1.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0	3,510	2,150	1,355	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	155	35	120	9.0	3.8	14.9	92,705	18,030	74,675	8.8	3.5	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,550	2,195	2,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	145	25	120	8.4	2.7	14.9	85,955	14,675	71,285	8.1	2.8	13.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	40	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,120	885	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	65	25	35	3.8	2.7	4.3	28,215	13,460	14,755	2.7	2.6	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	40	0	35	2.3	0.0	4.3	17,270	4,460	12,810	1.6	0.9	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	120	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	145	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0.6	1.1	0.0	5,055	3,610	1,450	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	0.9	1.6	0.0	5,590	5,125	465	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	15	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,180	605	580	100.0	100.0	100.0	675,695	335,160	340,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	475	300	175	40.3	49.6	30.2	274,780	149,880	124,900	40.7	44.7	36.7
Education	30	10	25	2.5	1.7	4.3	31,325	7,835	23,490	4.6	2.3	6.9
13. Education	30	10	25	2.5	1.7	4.3	31,325	7,835	23,490	4.6	2.3	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.6	9,955	4,360	5,595	1.5	1.3	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	675	240	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.6	9,040	3,685	5,355	1.3	1.1	1.6
Humanities	30	10	20	2.5	1.7	3.4	18,715	7,650	11,075	2.8	2.3	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	415	1,185	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,280	895	2,385	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0	6,415	2,490	3,925	0.9	0.7	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	125	235	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	770	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	1.3	1.7	0.0	3,060	1,795	1,270	0.5	0.5	0.4
54. History	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,120	1,090	1,030	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	65	510	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	45	10	45	3.8	1.7	7.8	42,590	13,760	28,825	6.3	4.1	8.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	195	745	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,080	1,845	2,235	0.6	0.6	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	20	0	20	1.7	0.0	3.4	9,110	660	8,460	1.3	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7	6,550	1,940	4,600	1.0	0.6	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,170	320	850	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7	6,975	1,905	5,065	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0	13,760	6,895	6,865	2.0	2.1	2.0
Business, management and public administration	165	50	120	14.0	8.3	20.7	83,775	32,270	51,505	12.4	9.6	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	50	200	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	20	0	20	1.7	0.0	3.4	6,845	1,410	5,440	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	145	50	100	12.3	8.3	17.2	76,680	30,810	45,870	11.3	9.2	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	25	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.4	13,795	6,460	7,340	2.0	1.9	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,835	2,520	3,320	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.6	4,110	1,925	2,180	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	95	480	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,735	945	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	180	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.7	19,205	12,210	6,995	2.8	3.6	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0	16,540	11,145	5,400	2.4	3.3	1.6
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	710	120	590	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,745	830	920	0.3	0.2	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	140	135	0	11.9	22.3	0.0	75,965	68,175	7,790	11.2	20.3	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,325	1,035	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	15	15	0	1.3	2.5	0.0	17,060	13,635	3,420	2.5	4.1	1.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	30	25	0	2.5	4.1	0.0	16,245	14,270	1,975	2.4	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	30	30	0	2.5	5.0	0.0	16,955	16,450	500	2.5	4.9	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	40	40	0	3.4	6.6	0.0	16,450	15,985	470	2.4	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	20	20	0	1.7	3.3	0.0	6,895	6,505	390	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	50	30	15	4.2	5.0	2.6	13,630	8,205	5,425	2.0	2.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	45	25	15	3.8	4.1	2.6	10,770	6,525	4,250	1.6	1.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,865	1,680	1,175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	135	35	100	11.4	5.8	17.2	71,165	14,460	56,705	10.5	4.3	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,525	1,675	1,850	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	125	25	100	10.6	4.1	17.2	65,865	11,910	53,955	9.7	3.6	15.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	20	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	855	770	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	60	25	35	5.1	4.1	6.0	20,725	9,890	10,830	3.1	3.0	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	35	0	35	3.0	0.0	6.0	12,365	3,115	9,250	1.8	0.9	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	100	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	90	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0	4,075	2,870	1,205	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	15	15	0	1.3	2.5	0.0	4,070	3,720	355	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	10	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	1,180	605	580	100.0	100.0	100.0	675,695	335,160	340,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	475	300	175	40.3	49.6	30.2	274,780	149,880	124,900	40.7	44.7	36.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	710	310	405	60.2	51.2	69.8	400,920	185,280	215,640	59.3	55.3	63.3
Location of study inside Canada	640	265	370	54.2	43.8	63.8	313,465	143,310	170,160	46.4	42.8	50.0
Same as province or territory of residence	605	250	355	51.3	41.3	61.2	273,970	123,770	150,205	40.5	36.9	44.1
Different than province or territory of residence	35	20	15	3.0	3.3	2.6	39,495	19,545	19,955	5.8	5.8	5.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	70	40	30	5.9	6.6	5.2	87,445	41,970	45,480	12.9	12.5	13.4
Americas	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0	11,310	5,465	5,845	1.7	1.6	1.7
United States of America	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0	6,955	3,465	3,485	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	160	275	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	145	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	640	685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	265	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	25	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	685	745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	30	15	15	2.5	2.5	2.6	11,290	5,965	5,320	1.7	1.8	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	225	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0	1,860	1,105	760	0.3	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	165	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	90	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	255	255	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	530	615	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,255	1,100	1,155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	140	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,600	1,435	1,165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	85	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	90	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	485	525	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0	7,235	3,740	3,490	1.1	1.1	1.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,665	1,845	1,820	0.5	0.6	0.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	105	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	70	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	335	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	255	260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	1,055	885	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	20	10	10	1.7	1.7	1.7	56,830	26,370	30,465	8.4	7.9	8.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	390	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,920	1,785	2,140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	220	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	65	175	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	510	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0	28,440	12,715	15,730	4.2	3.8	4.6
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	260	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	275	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,235	8,035	8,205	2.4	2.4	2.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,575	785	795	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	705	755	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	785	425	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	340	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	75	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,720	915	805	...	...	...	1,058,415	522,505	535,905	...	...	...
In the labour force	1,200	655	540	...	...	...	681,505	360,485	321,020	...	...	...
Employed	1,105	615	490	...	...	...	625,115	330,885	294,235	...	...	...
Unemployed	90	40	50	...	...	...	56,390	29,605	26,785	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	525	260	265	...	...	...	376,905	162,015	214,890	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.8	71.6	67.1	69.8	71.6	67.1	64.4	69.0	59.9	64.4	69.0	59.9
Employment rate	64.2	67.2	60.9	64.2	67.2	60.9	59.1	63.3	54.9	59.1	63.3	54.9
Unemployment rate	7.5	6.1	9.3	7.5	6.1	9.3	8.3	8.2	8.3	8.3	8.2	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,720	915	805	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,058,410	522,505	535,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	495	245	250	28.8	26.8	31.1	379,950	164,955	215,000	35.9	31.6	40.1
Worked	1,225	670	555	71.2	73.2	68.9	678,460	357,550	320,910	64.1	68.4	59.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	740	460	280	43.0	50.3	34.8	376,840	217,465	159,370	35.6	41.6	29.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	480	210	275	27.9	23.0	34.2	301,625	140,085	161,540	28.5	26.8	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.5	43.3	41.4	42.5	43.3	41.4	41.9	42.8	41.0	41.9	42.8	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	1,195	655	540	100.0	100.0	100.0	681,505	360,490	321,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0	15,625	7,580	8,050	2.3	2.1	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	1,180	650	535	98.7	99.2	99.1	665,880	352,910	312,970	97.7	97.9	97.5
Employee	980	485	495	82.0	74.0	91.7	582,575	298,460	284,115	85.5	82.8	88.5
Permanent position	845	435	410	70.7	66.4	75.9	490,370	254,540	235,830	72.0	70.6	73.5
Temporary position	135	55	85	11.3	8.4	15.7	92,210	43,920	48,290	13.5	12.2	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	50	10	40	4.2	1.5	7.4	27,250	11,760	15,495	4.0	3.3	4.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	85	45	40	7.1	6.9	7.4	64,960	32,165	32,795	9.5	8.9	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	200	160	45	16.7	24.4	8.3	83,305	54,450	28,855	12.2	15.1	9.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	1,195	655	540	100.0	100.0	100.0	681,505	360,490	321,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0	15,625	7,580	8,050	2.3	2.1	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	1,180	650	535	98.7	99.2	99.1	665,880	352,910	312,970	97.7	97.9	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	20	15	10	1.7	2.3	1.9	6,440	4,200	2,235	0.9	1.2	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	215	55	165	18.0	8.4	30.6	106,520	33,100	73,420	15.6	9.2	22.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	75	50	20	6.3	7.6	3.7	39,030	29,915	9,115	5.7	8.3	2.8
3 Health occupations	90	20	70	7.5	3.1	13.0	57,585	12,770	44,810	8.4	3.5	14.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	150	40	115	12.6	6.1	21.3	91,725	30,655	61,070	13.5	8.5	19.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	15	0	0	1.3	0.0	0.0	15,375	6,815	8,560	2.3	1.9	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	170	65	105	14.2	9.9	19.4	160,900	71,660	89,240	23.6	19.9	27.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	290	270	15	24.3	41.2	2.8	124,140	115,210	8,930	18.2	32.0	2.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	80	70	10	6.7	10.7	1.9	29,805	23,260	6,540	4.4	6.5	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	75	55	20	6.3	8.4	3.7	34,355	25,310	9,045	5.0	7.0	2.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	1,195	655	540	100.0	100.0	100.0	681,505	360,490	321,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0	15,625	7,580	8,050	2.3	2.1	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	1,180	650	535	98.7	99.2	99.1	665,880	352,910	312,970	97.7	97.9	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	70	55	15	5.9	8.4	2.8	27,485	19,635	7,850	4.0	5.4	2.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,045	4,385	660	0.7	1.2	0.2
22 Utilities	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,655	5,135	1,520	1.0	1.4	0.5
23 Construction	175	160	15	14.6	24.4	2.8	52,245	46,295	5,950	7.7	12.8	1.9
31-33 Manufacturing	130	90	40	10.9	13.7	7.4	56,805	41,690	15,110	8.3	11.6	4.7
41 Wholesale trade	80	50	30	6.7	7.6	5.6	18,970	14,050	4,915	2.8	3.9	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	105	55	50	8.8	8.4	9.3	72,205	35,375	36,835	10.6	9.8	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	75	50	25	6.3	7.6	4.6	41,485	33,330	8,155	6.1	9.2	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,760	5,850	3,905	1.4	1.6	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	45	20	25	3.8	3.1	4.6	25,885	10,060	15,825	3.8	2.8	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,410	4,705	3,700	1.2	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	25	10	20	2.1	1.5	3.7	32,425	17,065	15,355	4.8	4.7	4.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	465	535	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	30	20	10	2.5	3.1	1.9	26,870	15,280	11,585	3.9	4.2	3.6
61 Educational services	95	30	70	7.9	4.6	13.0	57,480	18,115	39,365	8.4	5.0	12.3
62 Health care and social assistance	175	35	140	14.6	5.3	25.9	99,895	21,420	78,475	14.7	5.9	24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.9	12,075	6,300	5,775	1.8	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	30	0	20	2.5	0.0	3.7	37,515	15,535	21,985	5.5	4.3	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	60	35	25	5.0	5.3	4.6	28,120	14,060	14,055	4.1	3.9	4.4
91 Public administration	65	20	45	5.4	3.1	8.3	45,555	24,155	21,405	6.7	6.7	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,290	705	585	100.0	100.0	100.0	727,130	382,175	344,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	1,230	675	560	95.3	95.7	95.7	680,505	360,060	320,445	93.6	94.2	92.9
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,730	1,140	2,590	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,570	2,035	1,530	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	170	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,265	1,865	1,400	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	45	20	25	3.5	2.8	4.3	14,225	5,650	8,575	2.0	1.5	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.8	1.4	0.0	24,415	12,970	11,450	3.4	3.4	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	210	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,290	705	585	100.0	100.0	100.0	727,130	382,175	344,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	1,285	700	585	99.6	99.3	100.0	719,895	378,430	341,470	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	1,280	690	585	99.2	97.9	100.0	711,975	373,990	337,980	97.9	97.9	98.0
English	1,260	685	575	97.7	97.2	98.3	705,145	371,885	333,260	97.0	97.3	96.6
French	20	10	10	1.6	1.4	1.7	6,825	2,105	4,720	0.9	0.6	1.4
Non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,925	4,440	3,485	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	760	610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,250	705	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	410	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	410	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	380	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	295	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	235	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,550	3,675	2,880	0.9	1.0	0.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	65	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	65	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	360	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	350	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,530	2,210	1,325	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	160	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	665	405	0.1	0.2	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	400	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	400	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	255	85	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	75	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	160	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,670	1,130	535	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	1,115	515	0.2	0.3	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	1,030	440	0.2	0.3	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	195	160	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	80	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	40	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	40	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	780	670	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	780	670	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	475	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	305	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	10	0	0.8	1.4	0.0	7,230	3,740	3,490	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	10	10	0	0.8	1.4	0.0	2,110	895	1,215	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,020	2,805	2,215	0.7	0.7	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,290	705	585	100.0	100.0	100.0	727,130	382,175	344,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	1,240	685	560	96.1	97.2	95.7	694,535	366,700	327,830	95.5	96.0	95.0
English	25	10	15	1.9	1.4	2.6	7,010	3,170	3,845	1.0	0.8	1.1
French	25	10	20	1.9	1.4	3.4	9,175	3,840	5,330	1.3	1.0	1.5
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,510	7,430	7,080	2.0	1.9	2.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,975	1,405	1,575	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,530	6,025	5,510	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	105	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	140	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,360	775	590	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	1,105	615	490	100.0	100.0	100.0	625,115	330,890	294,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	200	105	95	18.1	17.1	19.4	106,565	51,780	54,785	17.0	15.6	18.6
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	1,150	290	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	150	115	35	13.6	18.7	7.1	78,405	60,795	17,605	12.5	18.4	6.0
Usual place of work	755	395	360	68.3	64.2	73.5	438,705	217,160	221,550	70.2	65.6	75.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	755	395	360	100.0	100.0	100.0	438,705	217,160	221,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	215	115	100	28.5	29.1	27.8	328,415	157,380	171,035	74.9	72.5	77.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	40	10	25	5.3	2.5	6.9	46,100	22,990	23,115	10.5	10.6	10.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	505	270	230	66.9	68.4	63.9	61,140	34,635	26,500	13.9	15.9	12.0
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,055	2,150	900	0.7	1.0	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	905	505	400	100.0	100.0	100.0	517,110	277,950	239,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	870	475	390	96.1	94.1	97.5	445,070	244,870	200,200	86.1	88.1	83.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	805	455	350	89.0	90.1	87.5	401,745	229,310	172,435	77.7	82.5	72.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	60	25	45	6.6	5.0	11.3	43,325	15,560	27,765	8.4	5.6	11.6
Public transit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,345	12,095	17,250	5.7	4.4	7.2
Walked	25	20	0	2.8	4.0	0.0	27,440	12,330	15,105	5.3	4.4	6.3
Bicycle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	3,720	1,680	1.0	1.3	0.7
Other method	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,855	4,935	4,925	1.9	1.8	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	905	505	400	100.0	100.0	100.0	517,110	277,950	239,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	170	100	70	18.8	19.8	17.5	187,385	91,055	96,330	36.2	32.8	40.3
15 to 29 minutes	215	110	110	23.8	21.8	27.5	191,315	103,060	88,255	37.0	37.1	36.9
30 to 44 minutes	295	170	130	32.6	33.7	32.5	90,020	53,555	36,465	17.4	19.3	15.2
45 to 59 minutes	150	85	65	16.6	16.8	16.3	25,475	14,980	10,495	4.9	5.4	4.4
60 minutes and over	75	55	25	8.3	10.9	6.3	22,915	15,300	7,615	4.4	5.5	3.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	905	505	400	100.0	100.0	100.0	517,110	277,950	239,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	75	55	20	8.3	10.9	5.0	26,980	19,745	7,235	5.2	7.1	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	155	110	45	17.1	21.8	11.3	87,745	57,035	30,705	17.0	20.5	12.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	300	195	105	33.1	38.6	26.3	143,110	78,985	64,125	27.7	28.4	26.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	220	90	130	24.3	17.8	32.5	116,395	50,465	65,930	22.5	18.2	27.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	70	25	40	7.7	5.0	10.0	59,845	26,620	33,220	11.6	9.6	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	85	35	50	9.4	6.9	12.5	83,035	45,100	37,940	16.1	16.2	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	535	280	260	100.0	100.0	100.0	302,080	155,205	146,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	135	70	65	25.2	25.0	25.0	30,475	15,430	15,050	10.1	9.9	10.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	405	210	195	75.7	75.0	75.0	271,605	139,775	131,830	89.9	90.1	89.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	395	210	185	100.0	100.0	100.0	217,225	111,805	105,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	95	45	50	24.1	21.4	27.0	23,030	11,620	11,405	10.6	10.4	10.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	55	20	30	13.9	9.5	16.2	14,755	7,340	7,415	6.8	6.6	7.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	45	20	20	11.4	9.5	10.8	8,280	4,285	3,990	3.8	3.8	3.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	300	165	135	75.9	78.6	73.0	194,195	100,175	94,020	89.4	89.6	89.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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