Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Lincoln, Town (T)More information: Ontario [Census subdivision]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	25,719	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	23,787	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.1	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,826	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,555	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	158.0	...	...	158.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	162.74	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	25,720	12,640	13,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,265	2,170	2,100	16.6	17.2	16.1
0 to 4 years	1,315	685	625	5.1	5.4	4.8
5 to 9 years	1,545	745	795	6.0	5.9	6.1
10 to 14 years	1,415	735	675	5.5	5.8	5.2
15 to 64 years	15,710	7,815	7,895	61.1	61.8	60.4
15 to 19 years	1,400	735	660	5.4	5.8	5.0
20 to 24 years	1,355	695	660	5.3	5.5	5.0
25 to 29 years	1,335	665	675	5.2	5.3	5.2
30 to 34 years	1,540	775	760	6.0	6.1	5.8
35 to 39 years	1,570	790	785	6.1	6.3	6.0
40 to 44 years	1,535	775	765	6.0	6.1	5.8
45 to 49 years	1,520	745	775	5.9	5.9	5.9
50 to 54 years	1,610	780	830	6.3	6.2	6.3
55 to 59 years	1,990	965	1,025	7.7	7.6	7.8
60 to 64 years	1,855	895	960	7.2	7.1	7.3
65 years and over	5,740	2,655	3,085	22.3	21.0	23.6
65 to 69 years	1,610	800	805	6.3	6.3	6.2
70 to 74 years	1,455	670	785	5.7	5.3	6.0
75 to 79 years	1,095	545	555	4.3	4.3	4.2
80 to 84 years	740	320	415	2.9	2.5	3.2
85 years and over	840	310	525	3.3	2.5	4.0
85 to 89 years	500	180	315	1.9	1.4	2.4
90 to 94 years	260	115	145	1.0	0.9	1.1
95 to 99 years	70	15	60	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.6	17.2	16.1	16.6	17.2	16.1
15 to 64 years	61.1	61.8	60.4	61.1	61.8	60.4
65 years and over	22.3	21.0	23.6	22.3	21.0	23.6
85 years and over	3.3	2.5	4.0	3.3	2.5	4.0
Average age of the population	43.6	42.6	44.5	43.6	42.6	44.5
Median age of the population	44.4	43.2	46.0	44.4	43.2	46.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,670	...	...	69.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	680	...	...	7.1	...	...
Row house	1,360	...	...	14.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	125	...	...	1.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	600	...	...	6.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,025	...	...	21.2	...	...
2 persons	3,640	...	...	38.1	...	...
3 persons	1,460	...	...	15.3	...	...
4 persons	1,430	...	...	15.0	...	...
5 or more persons	1,000	...	...	10.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	24,940	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	21,450	10,470	10,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	13,665	6,905	6,760	63.7	66.0	61.6
Married	11,755	5,950	5,800	54.8	56.8	52.8
Living common-law	1,915	950	965	8.9	9.1	8.8
Living common law - Never married	1,130	560	570	5.3	5.3	5.2
Living common law - Separated	135	75	60	0.6	0.7	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	540	270	270	2.5	2.6	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	110	50	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	7,790	3,570	4,220	36.3	34.1	38.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,920	2,665	2,250	22.9	25.5	20.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	520	215	310	2.4	2.1	2.8
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,025	405	615	4.8	3.9	5.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,325	280	1,040	6.2	2.7	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	7,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,895	...	...	51.7	...	...
3 persons	1,450	...	...	19.2	...	...
4 persons	1,410	...	...	18.7	...	...
5 or more persons	780	...	...	10.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	7,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	6,665	...	...	88.4	...	...
Married couples	5,705	...	...	75.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,920	...	...	38.7	...	...
Without children	2,785	...	...	36.9	...	...
Common-law couples	955	...	...	12.7	...	...
With children⁶	375	...	...	5.0	...	...
Without children	580	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	880	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	675	...	...	9.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	205	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	22,045	10,990	11,050	88.4	89.7	87.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	13,330	6,655	6,670	53.4	54.3	52.6
Parents in one-parent families	875	205	670	3.5	1.7	5.3
Children⁶	7,840	4,135	3,705	31.4	33.8	29.2
In a two-parent family	6,495	3,405	3,090	26.0	27.8	24.3
In a one-parent family	1,345	730	620	5.4	6.0	4.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	2,900	1,260	1,640	11.6	10.3	12.9
Living alone	2,025	855	1,170	8.1	7.0	9.2
Living with other relatives⁷	400	145	255	1.6	1.2	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	475	255	215	1.9	2.1	1.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	6,785	...	...	71.0	...	...
Couple-family households	6,105	...	...	63.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,015	...	...	31.6	...	...
Without children	3,090	...	...	32.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	675	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	270	...	...	2.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	225	...	...	2.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	195	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-person households	2,025	...	...	21.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,190	9,845	10,340	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	54,400	37,200	44,800	54,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,190	9,845	10,345	97.6	97.6	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,000	34,000	40,000	48,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,760	9,335	9,420	90.7	92.5	89.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	49,200	28,800	37,600	49,200	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,085	7,885	7,205	72.9	78.1	68.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,000	30,400	38,000	48,000	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,960	8,635	9,330	86.8	85.6	88.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	6,550	10,500	9,000	6,550	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,670	715	955	8.1	7.1	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,040	6,000	5,560	5,040	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,745	2,170	2,575	22.9	21.5	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	20,680	10,090	10,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,170	9,855	10,315	97.5	97.7	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,400	67,700	47,560	57,400	67,700	47,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,170	9,855	10,315	97.5	97.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,360	55,400	39,680	47,360	55,400	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,725	9,360	9,365	90.5	92.8	88.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,800	62,850	40,760	51,800	62,850	40,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,090	7,965	7,115	73.0	78.9	67.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	59,600	40,200	50,440	59,600	40,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,900	8,595	9,300	86.6	85.2	87.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,480	9,200	11,660	10,480	9,200	11,660
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,760	705	1,055	8.5	7.0	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,060	5,970	7,800	7,060	5,970	7,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,485	2,020	2,465	21.7	20.0	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,560	9,200	8,910	8,560	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,135	4,270	2,865	34.5	42.3	27.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	77,000	58,400	70,000	77,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,000	89,100	66,500	80,000	89,100	66,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,810	2,565	3,250	28.1	25.4	30.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	20,000	16,200	17,600	20,000	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,560	31,840	24,180	27,560	31,840	24,180
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.8	88.2	77.8	83.8	88.2	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	71.2	58.3	65.8	71.2	58.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.2	11.9	22.1	16.2	11.9	22.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.6	1.7	1.1	0.6	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.0	2.9	5.6	4.0	2.9	5.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.6	3.5	2.6	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	490	245	245	2.4	2.4	2.3
With total income	20,185	9,845	10,345	97.6	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,450	575	875	7.2	5.8	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,360	870	1,490	11.7	8.8	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	2,825	1,065	1,760	14.0	10.8	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,425	1,005	1,420	12.0	10.2	13.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,145	1,000	1,140	10.6	10.2	11.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840	870	970	9.1	8.8	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,465	800	660	7.3	8.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,265	750	510	6.3	7.6	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	965	590	370	4.8	6.0	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	855	530	325	4.2	5.4	3.1
$100,000 and over	2,600	1,780	825	12.9	18.1	8.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,830	1,220	610	9.1	12.4	5.9
$150,000 and over	770	560	215	3.8	5.7	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	490	240	245	2.4	2.4	2.3
With after-tax income	20,190	9,850	10,345	97.6	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,540	600	945	7.6	6.1	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,470	910	1,565	12.2	9.2	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,220	1,235	1,990	15.9	12.5	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	2,845	1,230	1,610	14.1	12.5	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,475	1,180	1,295	12.3	12.0	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,020	1,095	920	10.0	11.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,605	930	675	7.9	9.4	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,195	780	415	5.9	7.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	985	590	390	4.9	6.0	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	600	410	190	3.0	4.2	1.8
$100,000 and over	1,250	890	355	6.2	9.0	3.4
$100,000 to $124,999	680	475	195	3.4	4.8	1.9
$125,000 and over	575	415	160	2.8	4.2	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,595	2,210	3,385	27.1	21.9	32.0
With employment income	15,085	7,880	7,205	72.9	78.1	68.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,410	1,230	1,175	16.0	15.6	16.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,150	480	670	7.6	6.1	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	1,710	735	970	11.3	9.3	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	1,295	560	740	8.6	7.1	10.3
$30,000 to $39,999	1,190	515	670	7.9	6.5	9.3
$40,000 to $49,999	1,170	525	650	7.8	6.7	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,110	535	570	7.4	6.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	920	540	375	6.1	6.9	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	825	500	320	5.5	6.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	675	430	250	4.5	5.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	730	455	275	4.8	5.8	3.8
$100,000 and over	1,905	1,370	535	12.6	17.4	7.4
$100,000 to $124,999	970	665	305	6.4	8.4	4.2
$125,000 and over	935	705	230	6.2	8.9	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,880	9,690	10,190	96.1	96.0	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	54,000	35,600	43,600	54,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,885	9,690	10,195	96.2	96.0	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	32,400	39,200	47,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,615	9,240	9,375	90.0	91.6	88.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	50,800	30,800	39,200	50,800	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	15,140	7,875	7,265	73.2	78.0	68.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	50,400	33,200	40,000	50,400	33,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,035	8,160	8,875	82.4	80.9	83.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,480	1,060	6,320	3,480	1,060	6,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,315	545	780	6.4	5.4	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,920	6,080	5,400	4,920	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	20,680	10,090	10,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,865	9,675	10,190	96.1	95.9	96.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,650	70,300	45,600	57,650	70,300	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,865	9,675	10,190	96.1	95.9	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,520	56,500	39,000	47,520	56,500	39,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,605	9,285	9,320	90.0	92.0	88.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	67,400	41,680	54,500	67,400	41,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	15,125	7,920	7,205	73.1	78.5	68.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	62,150	41,480	52,300	62,150	41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,020	8,060	8,960	82.3	79.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	6,860	8,460	7,700	6,860	8,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,375	535	835	6.6	5.3	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,640	7,880	7,400	6,640	7,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,075	4,225	2,845	34.2	41.9	26.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	74,500	55,200	67,000	74,500	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,900	88,300	62,350	77,900	88,300	62,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,545	2,405	3,140	26.8	23.8	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	24,800	22,200	23,200	24,800	22,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,160	40,440	31,120	35,160	40,440	31,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	91.8	83.6	88.6	91.8	83.6
Employment income (%)	69.0	72.2	64.4	69.0	72.2	64.4
Government transfers (%)	11.4	8.1	16.3	11.4	8.1	16.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.4	0.9	0.5	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	7,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,000	...	...	57,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,240	...	...	48,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,535	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,900	...	...	113,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	55	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	0.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	195	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	245	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	215	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	250	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	290	...	...	3.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	295	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	565	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	605	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	580	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	585	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,910	...	...	51.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,330	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,065	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,335	...	...	14.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,185	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	200	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	290	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	240	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	295	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	345	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	325	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	700	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	740	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	710	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	745	...	...	7.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	690	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,010	...	...	42.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,465	...	...	15.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	985	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,565	...	...	16.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	7,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	3,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,495	1,115	1,385	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	47,200	41,600	43,600	47,200	41,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	42,400	37,600	39,600	42,400	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	7,380	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	138,400	...	...	138,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	163,600	...	...	163,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,800	...	...	135,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	780	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,535	1,120	1,415	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,900	57,900	50,680	53,900	57,900	50,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,880	48,500	43,840	45,880	48,500	43,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	24,940	12,250	12,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,105	2,605	2,500	20.5	21.3	19.7
0 to 5 years	1,615	830	785	6.5	6.8	6.2
18 to 64 years	14,530	7,125	7,400	58.3	58.2	58.3
65 years and over	5,310	2,520	2,790	21.3	20.6	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,360	585	775	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	260	115	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	75	35	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	700	325	375	...	...	...
65 years and over	405	145	260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	5.5	4.8	6.1	5.5	4.8	6.1
0 to 17 years (%)	5.1	4.5	5.8	5.1	4.5	5.8
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	3.8	5.4	4.6	3.8	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	4.6	5.1	4.8	4.6	5.1
65 years and over (%)	7.6	5.8	9.2	7.6	5.8	9.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,100	2,600	2,500	20.4	21.2	19.7
0 to 5 years	1,615	825	785	6.5	6.7	6.2
18 to 64 years	14,525	7,130	7,400	58.2	58.2	58.3
65 years and over	5,310	2,525	2,790	21.3	20.6	22.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	390	200	195	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	55	25	25	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	15	10	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	290	145	140	...	...	...
65 years and over	50	25	25	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	1.6	1.6	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.5
0 to 17 years (%)	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.1	1.0
0 to 5 years (%)	0.9	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.8
18 to 64 years (%)	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
65 years and over (%)	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	24,940	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	9,650	4,590	5,055	38.7	37.5	39.8
In bottom decile	1,150	530	615	4.6	4.3	4.8
In second decile	1,630	725	900	6.5	5.9	7.1
In third decile	1,955	935	1,020	7.8	7.6	8.0
In fourth decile	2,345	1,160	1,185	9.4	9.5	9.3
In fifth decile	2,570	1,240	1,325	10.3	10.1	10.4
In top half of the distribution	15,295	7,660	7,635	61.3	62.5	60.2
In sixth decile	2,755	1,350	1,400	11.0	11.0	11.0
In seventh decile	3,200	1,620	1,580	12.8	13.2	12.5
In eighth decile	2,855	1,425	1,430	11.4	11.6	11.3
In ninth decile	3,400	1,720	1,680	13.6	14.0	13.2
In top decile	3,080	1,540	1,540	12.3	12.6	12.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	24,945	...	...	24,945	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.397	...	...	0.397	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	25,385	12,500	12,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	23,905	11,860	12,050	94.2	94.9	93.6
French only	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,320	565	750	5.2	4.5	5.8
Neither English nor French	160	80	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	25,385	12,500	12,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	24,950	12,305	12,650	98.3	98.4	98.2
French	250	115	135	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	155	75	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	25,385	12,500	12,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	25,000	12,325	12,675	98.5	98.6	98.4
Official languages	22,015	10,860	11,155	86.7	86.9	86.6
English	21,740	10,730	11,005	85.6	85.8	85.4
French	280	130	150	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official languages	2,985	1,465	1,520	11.8	11.7	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,980	1,465	1,515	11.7	11.7	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	60	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,450	1,220	1,225	9.7	9.8	9.5
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	630	290	340	2.5	2.3	2.6
Baltic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	605	280	330	2.4	2.2	2.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	205	95	110	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	80	90	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.3
Serbian	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	915	450	465	3.6	3.6	3.6
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	295	150	150	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	295	145	150	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	600	300	300	2.4	2.4	2.3
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	580	290	295	2.3	2.3	2.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Danish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	200	105	95	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	175	90	80	0.7	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	650	345	300	2.6	2.8	2.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	285	140	145	1.1	1.1	1.1
Portuguese	110	60	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Romanian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	230	140	95	0.9	1.1	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	105	45	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	65	30	30	0.3	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	385	180	210	1.5	1.4	1.6
English and French	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	280	125	150	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	25,385	12,500	12,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,995	11,365	11,635	90.6	90.9	90.3
French	85	30	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	455	230	225	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	455	230	225	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	165	70	95	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	1,615	775	840	6.4	6.2	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	25,385	12,500	12,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	25,135	12,385	12,755	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	24,215	11,920	12,290	95.4	95.4	95.4
English	24,110	11,885	12,225	95.0	95.1	94.9
French	105	40	65	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official languages	920	460	460	3.6	3.7	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	920	460	460	3.6	3.7	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	660	340	320	2.6	2.7	2.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	210	95	110	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	200	95	110	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Russian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	115	55	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	110	55	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	150	105	1.0	1.2	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	105	55	0.6	0.8	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	120	130	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	225	110	115	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	25,385	12,500	12,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,745	11,730	12,020	93.5	93.8	93.3
English	430	210	220	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	140	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	930	435	490	3.7	3.5	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	930	435	490	3.7	3.5	3.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	24,940	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	24,840	12,195	12,640	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	24,835	12,195	12,635	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	1,300	565	735	5.2	4.6	5.8
Non-official languages	3,785	1,765	2,015	15.2	14.4	15.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,775	1,765	2,010	15.1	14.4	15.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	20	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	15	55	0.3	0.1	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	55	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,185	1,495	1,685	12.8	12.2	13.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	825	370	460	3.3	3.0	3.6
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	800	355	445	3.2	2.9	3.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Polish	275	105	170	1.1	0.9	1.3
Russian	65	20	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	280	145	130	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	180	85	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Serbian	140	80	65	0.6	0.7	0.5
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukrainian	145	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,160	525	640	4.7	4.3	5.0
Frisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	375	190	185	1.5	1.6	1.5
German	375	190	185	1.5	1.6	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	790	340	445	3.2	2.8	3.5
Afrikaans	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	750	315	435	3.0	2.6	3.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	230	130	105	0.9	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	215	125	90	0.9	1.0	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	65	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	955	475	475	3.8	3.9	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	420	205	215	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	160	80	85	0.6	0.7	0.7
Romanian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	400	210	185	1.6	1.7	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	40	85	0.5	0.3	0.7
Chinese languages	125	40	85	0.5	0.3	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	25	60	0.3	0.2	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	40	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	70	30	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	505	245	255	2.0	2.0	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	475	245	235	1.9	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	300	150	155	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	175	100	80	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	24,440	12,005	12,440	98.0	98.0	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	180	85	95	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	24,765	12,170	12,595	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	8,055	...	...	84.3	...	...
Renter	1,500	...	...	15.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	770	...	...	8.1	...	...
Not condominium	8,780	...	...	91.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
1 bedroom	545	...	...	5.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,860	...	...	19.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,145	...	...	43.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,005	...	...	31.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	1,215	...	...	12.7	...	...
5 rooms	1,245	...	...	13.0	...	...
6 rooms	1,720	...	...	18.0	...	...
7 rooms	1,530	...	...	16.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,850	...	...	40.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	9,540	...	...	99.8	...	...
More than one person per room	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	9,295	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	260	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,040	...	...	21.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,900	...	...	19.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,250	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,490	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	605	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	640	...	...	6.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	705	...	...	7.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	915	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,170	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	385	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	4,085	...	...	42.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,205	...	...	54.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	255	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	60	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,015	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,510	...	...	15.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,720	...	...	18.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,110	...	...	22.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,665	...	...	17.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,055	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	415	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,920	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,405	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,285	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,920	...	...	20.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,300	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not suitable only	230	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	260	...	...	2.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,630	...	...	79.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	9,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	550	...	...	6.0	...	...
Not in core need	8,650	...	...	94.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,865	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.0	...	...	58.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.7	...	...	12.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,350	...	...	1,350	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,532	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	695,000	...	...	695,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	734,000	...	...	734,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.6	...	...	27.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,294	...	...	1,294	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	24,940	12,250	12,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	110	50	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	95	50	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	545	290	260	2.2	2.4	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	525	280	245	2.1	2.3	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	390	200	195	1.6	1.6	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	135	80	55	0.5	0.7	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	24,290	11,915	12,375	97.4	97.3	97.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	24,940	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	24,265	11,945	12,315	97.3	97.5	97.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,065	2,610	2,460	20.3	21.3	19.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	19,200	9,340	9,855	77.0	76.2	77.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	680	305	370	2.7	2.5	2.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	24,940	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	21,225	10,355	10,875	85.1	84.5	85.7
Immigrants⁸¹	3,640	1,840	1,800	14.6	15.0	14.2
Before 1980	1,865	945	915	7.5	7.7	7.2
1980 to 1990	515	290	220	2.1	2.4	1.7
1991 to 2000	515	215	295	2.1	1.8	2.3
2001 to 2010	385	200	180	1.5	1.6	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	365	185	185	1.5	1.5	1.5
2011 to 2015	160	80	85	0.6	0.7	0.7
2016 to 2021	200	105	95	0.8	0.9	0.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	70	50	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,640	1,840	1,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	460	220	245	12.6	12.0	13.6
5 to 14 years	850	475	375	23.4	25.8	20.8
15 to 24 years	875	415	465	24.0	22.6	25.8
25 to 44 years	1,335	670	665	36.7	36.4	36.9
45 years and over	120	60	65	3.3	3.3	3.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,640	1,840	1,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	555	265	295	15.2	14.4	16.4
Brazil	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Colombia	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.6
El Salvador	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Guyana	25	20	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	55	20	2.2	3.0	1.1
Mexico	25	10	15	0.7	0.5	0.8
Peru	15	10	10	0.4	0.5	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	50	25	25	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	235	75	160	6.5	4.1	8.9
Other places of birth in Americas	80	45	30	2.2	2.4	1.7
Europe	2,380	1,235	1,140	65.4	67.1	63.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Croatia	80	45	30	2.2	2.4	1.7
France	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Germany	155	95	60	4.3	5.2	3.3
Greece	25	20	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Hungary	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.6
Italy	185	90	95	5.1	4.9	5.3
Netherlands	580	310	270	15.9	16.8	15.0
Poland	140	65	80	3.8	3.5	4.4
Portugal	65	45	20	1.8	2.4	1.1
Romania	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	30	20	10	0.8	1.1	0.6
Ukraine	65	30	40	1.8	1.6	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	735	365	370	20.2	19.8	20.6
Other places of birth in Europe	215	115	105	5.9	6.3	5.8
Africa	145	80	65	4.0	4.3	3.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Egypt	35	15	15	1.0	0.8	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	15	1.4	1.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	25	1.5	1.6	1.4
Asia	525	235	290	14.4	12.8	16.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Iraq	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	0.5	0.5	0.6
Turkey	30	10	20	0.8	0.5	1.1
China⁹⁰	70	20	50	1.9	1.1	2.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	15	20	0.8	0.8	1.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	80	30	55	2.2	1.6	3.1
Viet Nam	40	20	15	1.1	1.1	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	100	50	50	2.7	2.7	2.8
Pakistan	50	30	20	1.4	1.6	1.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20	1.1	1.1	1.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	40	25	15	1.1	1.4	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	205	100	100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	40	20	20	19.5	20.0	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	20	0	9.8	20.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	0	15	7.3	0.0	15.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	25	15	10	12.2	15.0	10.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	7.3	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	0	15	7.3	0.0	15.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	115	60	60	56.1	60.0	60.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	15	20	14.6	15.0	20.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	45	25	15	22.0	25.0	15.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	4.9	0.0	10.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	10	0	4.9	10.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,925	2,020	1,905	15.7	16.5	15.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	5,980	2,855	3,125	24.0	23.3	24.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,035	7,375	7,655	60.3	60.2	60.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,775	895	885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	775	380	395	43.7	42.5	44.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	295	235	55	16.6	26.3	6.2
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	485	145	340	27.3	16.2	38.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	650	305	350	36.6	34.1	39.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	300	170	130	16.9	19.0	14.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	40	15	2.8	4.5	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,775	895	885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	165	100	60	9.3	11.2	6.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	215	135	85	12.1	15.1	9.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	40	40	4.2	4.5	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	55	15	35	3.1	1.7	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	15	15	1.7	1.7	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,240	585	650	69.9	65.4	73.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,785	915	875	7.2	7.5	6.9
South Asian	380	190	185	1.5	1.6	1.5
Chinese	165	60	100	0.7	0.5	0.8
Black	515	310	205	2.1	2.5	1.6
Filipino	155	55	100	0.6	0.4	0.8
Arab	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	175	105	70	0.7	0.9	0.6
Southeast Asian	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Japanese	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	80	40	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	23,155	11,340	11,815	92.8	92.6	93.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	24,940	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	3,910	1,895	2,015	15.7	15.5	15.9
English	6,245	3,040	3,205	25.0	24.8	25.3
Irish	3,670	1,765	1,910	14.7	14.4	15.1
Scottish	4,630	2,185	2,435	18.6	17.8	19.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,610	790	820	6.5	6.4	6.5
German	3,165	1,605	1,565	12.7	13.1	12.3
Chinese	230	80	150	0.9	0.7	1.2
Italian	2,045	990	1,060	8.2	8.1	8.4
Indian (India)	240	115	130	1.0	0.9	1.0
Ukrainian	1,205	620	585	4.8	5.1	4.6
Dutch	4,475	2,240	2,240	17.9	18.3	17.7
Polish	1,370	680	695	5.5	5.6	5.5
Québécois	45	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,490	700	790	6.0	5.7	6.2
Filipino	115	40	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
French Canadian	450	195	255	1.8	1.6	2.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	360	195	165	1.4	1.6	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	155	75	80	0.6	0.6	0.6
Métis	175	95	85	0.7	0.8	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	345	180	160	1.4	1.5	1.3
Russian	460	210	250	1.8	1.7	2.0
Norwegian	105	40	60	0.4	0.3	0.5
Welsh	540	280	260	2.2	2.3	2.0
Portuguese	405	205	200	1.6	1.7	1.6
American	360	150	215	1.4	1.2	1.7
Spanish	185	120	70	0.7	1.0	0.6
Swedish	115	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hungarian	420	205	215	1.7	1.7	1.7
Acadian	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Pakistani	85	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	135	90	40	0.5	0.7	0.3
Jewish	90	30	55	0.4	0.2	0.4
Punjabi	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	115	105	0.9	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	240	150	90	1.0	1.2	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korean	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	135	55	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iranian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	55	90	0.6	0.4	0.7
Danish	120	60	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	85	50	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	160	80	85	0.6	0.7	0.7
Belgian	110	50	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	85	55	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mennonite	235	120	115	0.9	1.0	0.9
Swiss	145	65	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Finnish	135	80	60	0.5	0.7	0.5
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	450	215	235	1.8	1.8	1.9
Japanese	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	35	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	50	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	30	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Colombian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	35	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Syrian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbian	195	105	90	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ojibway	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	40	55	0.4	0.3	0.4
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Nigerian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	95	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	105	50	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
South African	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	40	30	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Macedonian	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slovenian	185	100	85	0.7	0.8	0.7
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	35	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	30	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	24,945	12,250	12,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Christian	16,760	7,940	8,820	67.2	64.8	69.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,085	1,495	1,585	12.4	12.2	12.5
Anabaptist	375	160	215	1.5	1.3	1.7
Anglican	1,485	685	800	6.0	5.6	6.3
Baptist	370	155	215	1.5	1.3	1.7
Catholic	5,595	2,715	2,875	22.4	22.2	22.7
Christian Orthodox	455	260	195	1.8	2.1	1.5
Jehovah's Witness	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latter Day Saints	60	35	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	225	115	105	0.9	0.9	0.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	125	65	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	400	185	215	1.6	1.5	1.7
Presbyterian	430	190	245	1.7	1.6	1.9
Reformed	1,340	640	700	5.4	5.2	5.5
United Church	1,535	680	855	6.2	5.6	6.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,265	565	700	5.1	4.6	5.5
Hindu	75	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	60	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	235	120	120	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sikh	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	130	65	70	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	7,590	4,020	3,570	30.4	32.8	28.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	24,695	12,115	12,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,050	10,800	11,250	89.3	89.1	89.4
Movers	2,645	1,310	1,335	10.7	10.8	10.6
Non-migrants	715	345	370	2.9	2.8	2.9
Migrants	1,930	965	965	7.8	8.0	7.7
Internal migrants	1,875	935	940	7.6	7.7	7.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,850	915	925	7.5	7.6	7.4
Interprovincial migrants	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
External migrants	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	23,630	11,560	12,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	15,600	7,645	7,955	66.0	66.1	65.9
Movers	8,030	3,910	4,115	34.0	33.8	34.1
Non-migrants	1,775	880	895	7.5	7.6	7.4
Migrants	6,250	3,035	3,220	26.4	26.3	26.7
Internal migrants	6,005	2,895	3,110	25.4	25.0	25.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,805	2,795	3,015	24.6	24.2	25.0
Interprovincial migrants	195	100	95	0.8	0.9	0.8
External migrants	245	135	110	1.0	1.2	0.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,150	1,715	1,435	15.2	17.0	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,530	8,370	9,160	84.8	83.0	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,625	6,195	6,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	940	545	395	7.4	8.8	6.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	11,685	5,655	6,030	92.6	91.3	93.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,680	10,085	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,830	1,505	1,320	13.7	14.9	12.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,025	3,045	2,975	29.1	30.2	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,825	5,535	6,290	57.2	54.9	59.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,115	3,530	3,580	34.4	35.0	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,395	1,100	295	6.7	10.9	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	520	335	185	2.5	3.3	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	875	765	110	4.2	7.6	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,345	2,275	3,065	25.8	22.6	28.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	375	160	215	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,710	2,000	2,710	22.8	19.8	25.6
Bachelor's degree	3,320	1,390	1,930	16.1	13.8	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340	155	185	1.6	1.5	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Master's degree	895	375	520	4.3	3.7	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	100	55	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	12,625	6,200	6,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	825	475	350	6.5	7.7	5.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,270	1,815	1,455	25.9	29.3	22.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,535	3,910	4,620	67.6	63.1	71.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,030	2,475	2,555	39.8	39.9	39.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	850	655	195	6.7	10.6	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	300	185	120	2.4	3.0	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	545	470	75	4.3	7.6	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,915	1,705	2,210	31.0	27.5	34.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	270	115	155	2.1	1.9	2.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,500	1,440	2,060	27.7	23.2	32.1
Bachelor's degree	2,460	1,025	1,435	19.5	16.5	22.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	120	150	2.1	1.9	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Master's degree	645	230	415	5.1	3.7	6.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,850	4,555	4,300	42.8	45.1	40.6
Education	870	200	670	4.2	2.0	6.3
13. Education	870	200	670	4.2	2.0	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345	135	210	1.7	1.3	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	315	115	200	1.5	1.1	1.9
Humanities	615	235	385	3.0	2.3	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	0	55	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	50	80	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	135	80	55	0.7	0.8	0.5
54. History	90	35	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,385	395	985	6.7	3.9	9.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	195	70	125	0.9	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	295	10	285	1.4	0.1	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	135	55	80	0.7	0.5	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	255	35	230	1.2	0.3	2.2
45. Social sciences	445	215	225	2.2	2.1	2.1
Business, management and public administration	2,225	915	1,310	10.8	9.1	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	205	35	170	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,020	875	1,140	9.8	8.7	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	410	210	205	2.0	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	190	90	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	85	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	440	280	155	2.1	2.8	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	285	200	85	1.4	2.0	0.8
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	70	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,390	2,275	120	11.6	22.5	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	65	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	315	280	35	1.5	2.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	665	630	35	3.2	6.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	480	480	0	2.3	4.8	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	555	535	15	2.7	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	315	310	10	1.5	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	325	200	130	1.6	2.0	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	165	95	1.3	1.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Health and related fields	2,030	315	1,725	9.8	3.1	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	115	150	1.3	1.1	1.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,750	190	1,560	8.5	1.9	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	795	395	405	3.8	3.9	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	375	80	295	1.8	0.8	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	305	215	90	1.5	2.1	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	110	100	15	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	12,625	6,200	6,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	4,090	2,285	1,805	32.4	36.9	28.1
Education	575	120	450	4.6	1.9	7.0
13. Education	575	120	450	4.6	1.9	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	260	80	175	2.1	1.3	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	230	65	165	1.8	1.0	2.6
Humanities	350	140	210	2.8	2.3	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	0	35	0.3	0.0	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	70	25	40	0.6	0.4	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	80	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	30	25	0.5	0.5	0.4
54. History	60	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,055	290	765	8.4	4.7	11.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	70	95	1.3	1.1	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	210	0	205	1.7	0.0	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	90	20	65	0.7	0.3	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	200	25	175	1.6	0.4	2.7
45. Social sciences	345	150	195	2.7	2.4	3.0
Business, management and public administration	1,735	700	1,035	13.7	11.3	16.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	185	20	165	1.5	0.3	2.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,545	675	870	12.2	10.9	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	315	145	170	2.5	2.3	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	150	60	85	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	65	40	25	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	320	205	110	2.5	3.3	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	240	170	65	1.9	2.7	1.0
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	15	0.4	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,630	1,540	90	12.9	24.8	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	50	35	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	225	200	25	1.8	3.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	495	465	30	3.9	7.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	305	300	0	2.4	4.8	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	365	355	10	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	185	185	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	255	150	105	2.0	2.4	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	120	80	1.6	1.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	1,475	265	1,210	11.7	4.3	18.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	205	90	110	1.6	1.5	1.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,260	170	1,090	10.0	2.7	17.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	570	270	295	4.5	4.4	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	285	60	225	2.3	1.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	220	155	60	1.7	2.5	0.9
49. Transportation and materials moving	70	60	10	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	12,625	6,200	6,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,090	2,285	1,805	32.4	36.9	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	8,535	3,915	4,620	67.6	63.1	71.9
Location of study inside Canada	7,595	3,465	4,130	60.2	55.9	64.2
Same as province or territory of residence	7,230	3,305	3,925	57.3	53.3	61.0
Different than province or territory of residence	365	160	205	2.9	2.6	3.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	940	450	490	7.4	7.3	7.6
Americas	465	200	265	3.7	3.2	4.1
United States of America	405	170	235	3.2	2.7	3.7
Mexico	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Colombia	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Europe	200	115	85	1.6	1.9	1.3
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	90	70	25	0.7	1.1	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Africa	35	20	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	155	65	85	1.2	1.0	1.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	30	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	35	20	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	85	45	40	0.7	0.7	0.6
Australia	70	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
New Zealand	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	20,680	10,090	10,590	...	...	...
In the labour force	13,245	7,010	6,230	...	...	...
Employed	11,995	6,510	5,485	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,255	500	750	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,440	3,075	4,355	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.0	69.5	58.8	64.0	69.5	58.8
Employment rate	58.0	64.5	51.8	58.0	64.5	51.8
Unemployment rate	9.5	7.1	12.0	9.5	7.1	12.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	20,680	10,090	10,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	7,225	3,005	4,215	34.9	29.8	39.8
Worked	13,455	7,085	6,375	65.1	70.2	60.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,315	4,400	2,915	35.4	43.6	27.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,145	2,685	3,455	29.7	26.6	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.6	43.2	39.8	41.6	43.2	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,245	7,010	6,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	95	140	1.7	1.4	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,015	6,915	6,095	98.3	98.6	97.8
Employee	10,790	5,565	5,220	81.5	79.4	83.7
Permanent position	9,335	4,890	4,445	70.5	69.8	71.3
Temporary position	1,450	675	775	10.9	9.6	12.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	335	120	215	2.5	1.7	3.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,115	555	565	8.4	7.9	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,220	1,350	870	16.8	19.3	14.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,245	7,010	6,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	95	140	1.7	1.4	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,015	6,915	6,095	98.3	98.6	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	205	145	60	1.5	2.1	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,030	560	1,470	15.3	8.0	23.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	900	730	175	6.8	10.4	2.8
3 Health occupations	980	155	825	7.4	2.2	13.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,550	580	970	11.7	8.3	15.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	345	110	240	2.6	1.6	3.8
6 Sales and service occupations	3,010	1,255	1,750	22.7	17.9	28.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,450	2,260	195	18.5	32.2	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	800	565	235	6.0	8.1	3.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	740	560	180	5.6	8.0	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,245	7,010	6,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	230	95	140	1.7	1.4	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	13,015	6,915	6,095	98.3	98.6	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	900	560	345	6.8	8.0	5.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	45	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
22 Utilities	120	90	25	0.9	1.3	0.4
23 Construction	1,190	1,040	150	9.0	14.8	2.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,455	1,080	375	11.0	15.4	6.0
41 Wholesale trade	705	475	230	5.3	6.8	3.7
44-45 Retail trade	1,280	600	685	9.7	8.6	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	600	405	190	4.5	5.8	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	175	95	80	1.3	1.4	1.3
52 Finance and insurance	420	165	260	3.2	2.4	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	195	130	65	1.5	1.9	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	765	460	305	5.8	6.6	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	570	345	225	4.3	4.9	3.6
61 Educational services	970	255	720	7.3	3.6	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	1,610	235	1,370	12.2	3.4	22.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	210	90	120	1.6	1.3	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	635	220	410	4.8	3.1	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	535	275	260	4.0	3.9	4.2
91 Public administration	570	335	230	4.3	4.8	3.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,215	7,445	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,915	7,310	6,600	97.9	98.2	97.5
French	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	135	50	85	0.9	0.7	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.8	0.9	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,215	7,445	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,185	7,435	6,750	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	14,145	7,395	6,750	99.5	99.3	99.7
English	14,100	7,385	6,715	99.2	99.2	99.2
French	40	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	40	40	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40	40	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	35	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	30	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,215	7,445	6,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,970	7,335	6,635	98.3	98.5	98.0
English	40	25	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
French	110	45	65	0.8	0.6	1.0
Non-official language	90	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	90	40	55	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,995	6,510	5,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,070	1,380	1,690	25.6	21.2	30.8
Worked outside Canada	20	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,535	1,180	355	12.8	18.1	6.5
Usual place of work	7,375	3,930	3,435	61.5	60.4	62.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,370	3,930	3,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,560	1,260	1,300	34.7	32.1	37.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,335	1,070	1,270	31.7	27.2	37.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,465	1,600	865	33.4	40.7	25.2
Commute to a different province or territory	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,905	5,115	3,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	8,320	4,835	3,485	93.4	94.5	91.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,800	4,580	3,220	87.6	89.5	84.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	520	255	265	5.8	5.0	7.0
Public transit	40	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.8
Walked	340	155	185	3.8	3.0	4.9
Bicycle	70	50	20	0.8	1.0	0.5
Other method	140	60	80	1.6	1.2	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,905	5,115	3,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	3,020	1,515	1,505	33.9	29.6	39.7
15 to 29 minutes	2,920	1,690	1,230	32.8	33.0	32.4
30 to 44 minutes	1,735	1,020	710	19.5	19.9	18.7
45 to 59 minutes	605	410	190	6.8	8.0	5.0
60 minutes and over	640	480	160	7.2	9.4	4.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,905	5,115	3,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	800	630	170	9.0	12.3	4.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,995	1,365	630	22.4	26.7	16.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,300	1,350	950	25.8	26.4	25.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,665	735	930	18.7	14.4	24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	935	375	565	10.5	7.3	14.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,210	660	550	13.6	12.9	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,195	2,650	2,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	300	155	150	5.8	5.8	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,895	2,495	2,400	94.2	94.2	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,775	1,910	1,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	235	120	115	6.2	6.3	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	55	60	3.0	2.9	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	120	65	55	3.2	3.4	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,545	1,795	1,750	93.9	94.0	93.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 1, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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