Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
Select all: Indigenous peoples
Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
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Language spoken most often at home
Mother tongue
Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
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Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Montréal, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 24663219More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 24662893More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove		 New BrunswickMore information:

[Province]
 Remove
Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,762,949 ... ... 596 ... ... 567 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 775,610 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,704,694 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... 747,101 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 3.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... 3.8 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 878,542 ... ... 255 ... ... 204 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 366,146 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 816,338 ... ... 243 ... ... 199 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 337,651 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,833.5 ... ... 9,983.2 ... ... 4,760.7 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 10.9 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 364.74 ... ... 0.06 ... ... 0.12 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 71,248.50 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,762,950 867,975 894,980 595 300 295 570 285 285 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 775,610 381,455 394,155
0 to 14 years 270,430 138,255 132,170 105 65 35 85 50 35 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 111,130 56,885 54,240
0 to 4 years 88,670 45,335 43,335 25 20 10 25 10 10 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 32,280 16,625 15,655
5 to 9 years 93,325 47,700 45,620 40 25 15 25 10 15 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 38,240 19,505 18,740
10 to 14 years 88,435 45,220 43,215 35 20 10 35 20 15 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 40,605 20,755 19,845
15 to 64 years 1,197,045 603,075 593,965 380 185 190 365 185 185 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 487,320 242,215 245,105
15 to 19 years 82,475 41,675 40,805 30 15 15 35 25 10 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 39,090 20,105 18,985
20 to 24 years 125,235 63,220 62,015 40 20 20 35 15 20 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 42,125 21,995 20,130
25 to 29 years 153,995 77,680 76,315 35 10 25 45 20 25 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 42,380 21,670 20,715
30 to 34 years 146,855 73,810 73,040 25 10 15 35 20 15 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 43,485 21,670 21,820
35 to 39 years 135,880 67,835 68,040 45 25 20 30 15 15 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 45,925 22,470 23,455
40 to 44 years 127,165 63,885 63,285 50 25 25 35 15 15 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 47,320 23,095 24,225
45 to 49 years 110,130 55,495 54,630 40 25 20 40 15 25 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 50,140 24,470 25,670
50 to 54 years 105,545 54,115 51,435 30 10 20 30 15 20 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 52,140 25,695 26,450
55 to 59 years 108,040 55,305 52,730 45 25 25 45 25 20 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 62,315 30,525 31,795
60 to 64 years 101,725 50,055 51,670 30 20 10 45 20 25 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 62,395 30,525 31,870
65 years and over 295,475 126,635 168,845 115 50 70 120 55 60 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 177,160 82,355 94,810
65 to 69 years 85,025 40,115 44,915 30 10 20 35 15 20 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 57,190 27,580 29,605
70 to 74 years 72,300 32,855 39,445 25 20 10 40 20 20 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 48,855 23,725 25,135
75 to 79 years 52,720 22,645 30,075 35 15 15 15 10 5 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 31,675 15,090 16,580
80 to 84 years 39,395 15,780 23,610 10 0 5 15 5 10 840,545 370,905 469,645 20,400 9,085 11,310
85 years and over 46,035 15,250 30,790 20 5 10 15 5 10 861,395 319,540 541,860 19,040 6,870 12,170
85 to 89 years 27,835 10,185 17,655 10 5 5 5 5 5 525,445 212,735 312,705 11,815 4,700 7,120
90 to 94 years 14,360 4,155 10,205 5 0 5 5 0 5 258,035 87,300 170,735 5,370 1,720 3,645
95 to 99 years 3,375 825 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,380 17,670 50,715 1,600 405 1,200
100 years and over 465 90 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,535 1,830 7,710 250 40 205
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.3 15.9 14.8 17.6 21.7 11.9 14.9 17.5 12.3 16.3 16.9 15.6 14.3 14.9 13.8
15 to 64 years 67.9 69.5 66.4 63.9 61.7 64.4 64.0 64.9 64.9 64.8 65.4 64.2 62.8 63.5 62.2
65 years and over 16.8 14.6 18.9 19.3 16.7 23.7 21.1 19.3 21.1 19.0 17.7 20.2 22.8 21.6 24.1
85 years and over 2.6 1.8 3.4 3.4 1.7 3.4 2.6 1.8 3.5 2.3 1.8 2.9 2.5 1.8 3.1
Average age of the population 40.6 39.5 41.7 41.9 39.2 44.6 42.7 40.8 44.6 41.9 41.0 42.8 44.7 43.8 45.6
Median age of the population 38.8 38.0 39.6 41.6 40.0 44.0 43.6 39.6 46.8 41.6 40.4 42.8 46.8 45.6 47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 816,340 ... ... 245 ... ... 195 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,655 ... ...
Single-detached house 58,065 ... ... 5 ... ... 120 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 228,950 ... ...
Semi-detached house 25,740 ... ... 0 ... ... 45 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 13,490 ... ...
Row house 26,175 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 9,740 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 107,565 ... ... 170 ... ... 15 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 13,890 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 464,420 ... ... 70 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 51,985 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 130,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 4,260 ... ...
Other single-attached house 3,350 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 1,140 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 415 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 14,195 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 245 ... ... 200 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
1 person 341,345 ... ... 70 ... ... 35 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 100,545 ... ...
2 persons 242,175 ... ... 80 ... ... 65 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 133,125 ... ...
3 persons 103,550 ... ... 35 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 49,350 ... ...
4 persons 82,715 ... ... 40 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 37,185 ... ...
5 or more persons 46,560 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 17,445 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,723,210 851,575 871,635 595 300 295 565 285 285 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 759,195 373,710 385,485
Average household size 2.1 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.3 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,492,520 729,715 762,810 495 235 260 485 235 245 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 664,480 324,565 339,910
Married or living common-law 705,905 356,290 349,615 285 145 145 240 120 125 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 385,800 192,730 193,070
Married 475,835 239,100 236,735 205 105 100 200 100 105 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 298,905 149,385 149,515
Living common-law 230,070 117,190 112,880 80 40 40 40 20 20 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 86,900 43,345 43,560
Living common law - Never married 196,170 99,370 96,795 70 35 35 40 20 20 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 62,670 31,200 31,470
Living common law - Separated 2,885 1,655 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 123,830 65,045 58,785 5,495 2,850 2,645
Living common law - Divorced 28,550 15,015 13,530 10 5 0 5 5 5 721,715 365,760 355,950 16,185 8,245 7,945
Living common law - Widowed 2,465 1,140 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,165 36,860 50,300 2,545 1,050 1,495
Not married and not living common-law 786,615 373,420 413,195 205 85 115 240 115 125 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 278,675 131,835 146,845
Not married and not living common law - Never married 572,045 304,055 267,990 160 80 80 170 100 70 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 174,335 95,460 78,880
Not married and not living common law - Separated 31,535 13,590 17,945 5 0 5 10 0 10 741,135 319,045 422,090 21,995 9,840 12,155
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 113,315 41,760 71,560 25 5 20 30 5 25 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 38,865 16,630 22,235
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 69,720 14,020 55,700 20 0 15 30 5 25 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 43,480 9,905 33,575
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 428,615 ... ... 165 ... ... 165 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 226,865 ... ...
2 persons 221,015 ... ... 75 ... ... 75 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 134,025 ... ...
3 persons 92,715 ... ... 35 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 46,020 ... ...
4 persons 77,780 ... ... 45 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 34,240 ... ...
5 or more persons 37,105 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 12,575 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.7 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 428,610 ... ... 165 ... ... 165 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 226,860 ... ...
Total couple families 338,830 ... ... 140 ... ... 115 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 189,695 ... ...
Married couples 223,910 ... ... 100 ... ... 95 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 146,250 ... ...
With children6 133,435 ... ... 70 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 61,280 ... ...
Without children 90,475 ... ... 35 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 84,970 ... ...
Common-law couples 114,915 ... ... 40 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 43,445 ... ...
With children6 41,490 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 18,140 ... ...
Without children 73,430 ... ... 25 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 25,300 ... ...
Total one-parent families 89,785 ... ... 20 ... ... 50 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 37,170 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 72,595 ... ... 20 ... ... 40 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 28,480 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 17,190 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 8,690 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 759,195 373,710 385,490
Total - Persons in census families 1,231,380 602,840 628,545 490 245 240 495 250 245 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 610,540 302,230 308,315
Married spouses or common-law partners 677,655 341,670 335,985 290 145 140 230 115 115 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 379,385 189,395 189,985
Parents in one-parent families 89,785 17,190 72,595 20 0 20 50 5 45 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 37,170 8,690 28,475
Children6 463,940 243,975 219,965 180 100 75 215 125 90 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 193,990 104,140 89,850
In a two-parent family 329,670 172,390 157,285 150 90 65 135 85 55 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 138,825 73,900 64,925
In a one-parent family 134,270 71,585 62,680 30 15 15 80 45 35 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 55,160 30,245 24,920
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 491,830 248,740 243,090 105 55 55 75 30 40 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 148,655 71,475 77,170
Living alone 341,350 165,410 175,935 70 30 40 35 15 15 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 100,545 46,565 53,980
Living with other relatives7 45,070 20,400 24,670 15 10 5 25 10 15 927,345 393,085 534,260 16,425 7,025 9,395
Living with non-relatives only 105,415 62,925 42,485 25 15 5 10 5 5 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 31,685 17,885 13,795
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 245 ... ... 200 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 394,155 ... ... 150 ... ... 130 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 205,710 ... ...
Couple-family households 317,105 ... ... 130 ... ... 95 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 176,405 ... ...
With children6 163,645 ... ... 75 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 73,840 ... ...
Without children 153,460 ... ... 55 ... ... 45 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 102,565 ... ...
One-parent-family households 77,045 ... ... 20 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 29,305 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 11,240 ... ... 5 ... ... 20 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 6,490 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,730 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 1,195 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 14,975 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 8,870 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 52,900 ... ... 15 ... ... 5 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 14,850 ... ...
One-person households 341,345 ... ... 70 ... ... 35 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 100,545 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 495 235 260 480 240 245 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 648,350 316,975 331,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,100 685,155 710,950 475 225 250 465 225 240 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 628,005 307,210 320,790
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 38,800 35,600 38,800 39,200 38,000 35,600 38,000 33,200 41,200 46,400 36,800 37,600 42,000 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,475 685,330 711,145 475 225 250 465 225 240 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 628,280 307,375 320,905
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 33,200 34,400 32,400 34,800 34,400 35,200 32,800 33,600 31,200 36,800 40,800 33,600 34,000 37,200 31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,227,255 612,060 615,200 425 200 225 390 190 200 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 541,600 272,640 268,965
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,200 34,000 26,600 31,400 38,400 26,600 29,800 31,600 25,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 31,600 36,400 27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,021,705 527,390 494,315 335 165 170 330 165 165 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 434,895 225,240 209,655
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,400 35,200 29,400 31,200 40,000 26,400 31,600 31,800 29,800 37,200 43,200 32,000 33,200 37,200 29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,175,325 551,265 624,060 410 180 230 405 190 215 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 508,885 234,115 274,770
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,700 9,500 11,900 13,200 10,800 14,900 12,300 11,100 13,800 9,800 8,500 11,000 12,600 13,100 12,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 157,000 78,185 78,815 65 40 25 45 25 20 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 114,900 61,060 53,845
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,520 5,480 5,640 5,920 5,200 6,500 4,880 4,880 4,960 5,720 5,760 5,720 6,500 7,450 6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 472,820 247,320 225,500 155 75 80 160 80 75 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 153,130 73,935 79,195
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 6,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,500 7,500 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 520 235 285 450 245 205 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 648,245 316,950 331,300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,365 685,790 710,575 490 225 265 425 225 200 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 627,765 307,105 320,660
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,120 55,450 45,000 46,400 49,200 44,000 43,200 44,000 42,400 54,450 62,650 46,560 45,920 52,000 40,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,760 685,970 710,790 490 225 265 425 225 200 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 628,075 307,270 320,805
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,680 43,560 37,880 40,000 41,600 38,400 37,800 38,000 37,600 44,920 50,320 39,680 38,800 43,080 34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,226,320 612,170 614,155 425 185 240 365 195 175 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 541,625 272,660 268,960
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,350 38,800 40,200 46,800 34,800 37,200 40,400 33,600 50,240 59,500 41,000 41,360 47,720 34,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,021,715 527,765 493,950 350 160 190 310 165 145 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 434,825 225,570 209,255
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,120 51,700 40,200 38,800 46,000 33,200 37,200 39,200 35,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 41,600 46,680 36,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,174,640 550,810 623,830 415 170 245 355 190 170 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 508,295 233,540 274,750
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,020 10,830 13,080 13,400 12,500 14,000 13,650 11,800 15,700 11,170 10,180 12,060 12,670 12,700 12,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 156,980 78,065 78,920 80 35 40 45 25 20 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 114,050 60,535 53,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,800 6,070 7,510 8,000 4,400 12,000 7,200 4,000 11,000 7,050 6,710 7,370 8,390 9,120 7,570
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 471,875 247,465 224,410 150 70 85 115 60 55 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 152,405 73,240 79,165
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,130 9,180 9,080 9,600 9,600 9,400 9,400 10,000 8,400 8,920 8,740 9,100 8,410 8,270 8,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 520 235 285 455 240 210 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 648,250 316,950 331,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 452,020 244,470 207,545 145 80 60 160 80 80 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 204,825 109,705 95,120
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 61,600 55,200 54,800 58,000 52,400 52,800 52,800 53,200 63,600 69,000 58,000 54,800 59,600 49,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,000 81,500 65,100 60,000 61,000 60,000 50,000 54,000 45,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 63,100 69,100 56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 450,610 222,280 228,330 165 70 100 110 65 45 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 177,830 87,790 90,045
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,400 17,400 15,600 18,200 18,000 18,600 22,200 30,200 10,100 18,400 21,000 16,600 17,000 19,400 14,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,120 28,320 24,020 28,600 35,000 24,400 26,400 32,000 19,500 29,160 33,960 24,860 24,320 28,080 20,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 79.8 84.4 74.4 75.5 80.0 71.0 73.5 78.0 69.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 77.6 81.4 73.0
Employment income (%)19 67.4 71.8 62.1 59.6 66.0 53.0 64.0 65.0 62.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 62.7 65.8 58.8
Government transfers (%)20 20.2 15.7 25.5 24.6 19.6 29.2 26.4 22.0 31.2 17.8 13.7 23.1 22.3 18.6 27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.3 1.9 2.8 1.6 4.0 1.9 1.0 2.8 1.4 1.2 1.7 3.3 3.5 3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.9 6.5 7.4 7.5 7.0 7.8 6.8 6.8 6.9 5.4 4.5 6.6 5.4 4.5 6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 6.2 6.0 6.4 6.4 6.0 6.6 5.8 6.0 5.6 4.7 4.0 5.5 4.5 3.8 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 495 235 260 485 235 245 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 648,345 316,970 331,370
Without total income 57,180 28,440 28,735 20 10 10 20 10 5 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 20,345 9,760 10,585
With total income 1,396,100 685,155 710,945 475 225 250 465 225 240 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 628,000 307,215 320,790
Under $10,000 (including loss) 120,165 57,640 62,520 35 15 15 35 15 20 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 48,225 20,170 28,055
$10,000 to $19,999 179,185 83,775 95,410 60 30 30 70 35 40 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 79,855 31,090 48,765
$20,000 to $29,999 259,695 119,565 140,135 80 35 40 90 40 50 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 111,820 48,675 63,140
$30,000 to $39,999 194,585 93,585 101,000 70 30 40 70 40 35 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 95,545 44,490 51,060
$40,000 to $49,999 163,390 78,450 84,940 45 15 35 55 25 30 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 84,895 40,935 43,955
$50,000 to $59,999 123,115 58,355 64,755 45 20 25 45 25 20 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 59,310 31,400 27,910
$60,000 to $69,999 88,460 43,350 45,110 40 20 20 35 20 15 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 42,020 24,575 17,445
$70,000 to $79,999 64,815 33,230 31,590 15 10 5 25 15 10 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 30,185 17,925 12,260
$80,000 to $89,999 50,645 26,325 24,320 20 10 10 10 10 5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 23,035 12,535 10,500
$90,000 to $99,999 36,060 19,280 16,785 15 10 10 10 0 10 965,950 553,435 412,510 15,420 8,855 6,565
$100,000 and over 115,980 71,595 44,385 40 25 15 20 10 5 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 37,700 26,565 11,135
$100,000 to $149,999 74,835 44,155 30,680 35 20 15 15 10 5 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 26,865 18,500 8,365
$150,000 and over 41,145 27,440 13,705 5 0 0 0 0 0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 10,835 8,065 2,770
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 495 235 260 485 235 245 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 648,345 316,970 331,370
Without after-tax income 56,805 28,265 28,535 20 10 10 20 10 5 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 20,070 9,600 10,470
With after-tax income 1,396,475 685,335 711,140 475 225 250 465 225 240 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 628,280 307,375 320,905
Under $10,000 (including loss) 124,825 59,490 65,335 35 15 25 40 20 20 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 50,965 20,910 30,055
$10,000 to $19,999 188,395 88,605 99,785 60 30 30 70 35 40 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 83,495 32,805 50,695
$20,000 to $29,999 303,115 142,120 161,000 100 50 50 110 50 55 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 132,935 59,075 73,860
$30,000 to $39,999 231,960 113,680 118,280 75 25 55 85 45 45 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 116,515 56,020 60,490
$40,000 to $49,999 183,475 88,390 95,090 60 25 35 60 35 30 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 89,015 45,975 43,045
$50,000 to $59,999 123,490 59,975 63,515 50 30 20 50 30 20 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 58,020 32,860 25,155
$60,000 to $69,999 81,775 41,055 40,725 30 15 10 25 15 10 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 37,400 21,060 16,340
$70,000 to $79,999 52,690 27,360 25,330 20 15 10 10 0 10 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 23,365 13,235 10,130
$80,000 to $89,999 32,505 18,175 14,325 15 10 5 5 0 10 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 12,930 8,415 4,520
$90,000 to $99,999 21,155 12,260 8,890 10 5 10 5 0 0 643,700 402,325 241,380 7,320 5,140 2,180
$100,000 and over 53,090 34,210 18,885 10 10 5 5 5 0 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 16,315 11,875 4,440
$100,000 to $124,999 25,835 15,730 10,105 10 5 0 5 0 0 792,455 530,970 261,490 8,690 6,220 2,465
$125,000 and over 27,260 18,485 8,775 5 0 0 0 0 0 804,335 578,645 225,695 7,630 5,650 1,980
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 495 235 260 485 235 245 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 648,345 316,970 331,370
Without employment income 431,575 186,210 245,365 155 70 85 150 70 85 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 213,450 91,735 121,715
With employment income 1,021,705 527,385 494,320 340 160 175 330 170 160 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 434,895 225,235 209,660
Under $5,000 (including loss) 145,910 71,820 74,090 50 25 30 45 25 25 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 55,130 27,035 28,095
$5,000 to $9,999 99,605 47,595 52,010 35 15 20 30 15 15 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 37,010 16,165 20,845
$10,000 to $19,999 136,545 66,030 70,515 45 20 25 40 20 15 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 59,420 28,400 31,020
$20,000 to $29,999 105,255 51,415 53,840 25 10 15 35 15 25 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 49,160 23,950 25,210
$30,000 to $39,999 98,425 50,780 47,640 30 10 20 40 20 15 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 50,625 23,350 27,275
$40,000 to $49,999 94,645 47,585 47,065 25 10 20 30 15 15 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 44,755 22,495 22,265
$50,000 to $59,999 76,170 39,085 37,085 30 25 10 35 20 15 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 34,315 19,330 14,990
$60,000 to $69,999 59,460 31,825 27,635 25 15 10 20 10 10 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 27,255 16,295 10,965
$70,000 to $79,999 46,765 25,580 21,185 15 10 5 25 15 10 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 20,855 12,350 8,500
$80,000 to $89,999 40,295 21,350 18,945 10 5 5 5 0 0 929,490 539,395 390,095 17,455 9,015 8,440
$90,000 to $99,999 27,160 15,825 11,340 10 5 5 0 0 0 760,035 439,505 320,530 11,455 6,715 4,735
$100,000 and over 91,480 58,500 32,980 25 20 10 15 10 5 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 27,460 20,135 7,320
$100,000 to $124,999 40,345 24,630 15,710 15 15 0 10 5 5 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 14,185 9,935 4,245
$125,000 and over 51,135 33,870 17,270 10 10 5 0 0 0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 13,275 10,205 3,075
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 495 235 260 480 240 245 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 648,350 316,975 331,375
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,225 663,385 691,840 465 225 245 450 215 235 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 617,780 301,880 315,905
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 35,600 31,200 37,200 40,800 34,800 34,400 37,200 32,000 39,200 45,200 34,000 35,600 40,800 30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,570 663,490 692,080 470 225 245 450 215 235 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 618,365 301,920 316,445
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,800 33,200 36,800 32,000 31,200 34,000 29,400 35,200 40,000 31,200 32,000 36,400 28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,196,380 596,375 600,005 430 210 225 380 185 195 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 538,870 270,930 267,940
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,400 35,200 27,800 34,000 38,400 29,600 31,000 36,800 27,800 36,800 44,000 30,800 32,000 37,600 27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,000,475 515,695 484,790 340 170 175 325 165 160 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 438,770 226,970 211,800
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 36,000 30,200 34,000 39,200 30,600 34,800 37,600 30,600 38,000 44,400 32,800 33,600 38,400 29,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,066,120 490,855 575,265 375 165 210 370 165 205 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 458,620 205,210 253,410
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,280 2,660 7,150 6,320 3,180 8,700 7,000 3,480 9,200 4,240 1,960 6,450 9,300 9,800 8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 104,820 51,840 52,980 35 15 15 45 25 20 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 104,360 56,460 47,905
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,080 4,640 5,640 6,080 x x 5,280 5,120 5,680 5,720 5,560 5,960 7,250 8,400 6,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 520 235 285 450 245 205 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 648,245 316,950 331,300
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,285 663,595 691,695 495 225 265 420 225 195 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 617,495 301,875 315,615
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,600 52,150 41,320 42,400 46,400 38,800 40,200 41,600 38,400 52,350 61,250 43,800 44,040 50,800 37,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,700 663,725 691,975 495 225 275 420 225 195 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 618,000 301,910 316,085
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,760 40,880 34,720 35,600 38,800 33,200 34,800 35,200 34,400 42,920 49,000 37,160 37,040 41,840 32,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,195,295 596,055 599,245 440 205 235 375 200 175 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 539,115 270,805 268,305
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,600 38,600 39,000 43,600 35,200 35,800 39,600 31,800 51,040 60,800 41,320 41,760 48,640 34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 999,875 515,515 484,355 350 165 180 320 170 150 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 438,400 227,000 211,400
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,040 51,800 39,920 39,800 46,000 34,000 36,800 39,600 34,000 50,560 58,800 41,800 42,120 47,680 36,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,066,040 490,710 575,335 395 165 235 340 175 165 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 457,915 204,780 253,135
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,160 6,610 9,490 8,760 8,900 8,700 10,080 8,300 12,000 7,950 6,990 8,800 10,200 10,520 9,950
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 104,790 51,525 53,260 35 30 0 55 30 30 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 103,705 56,170 47,540
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,380 5,970 8,740 9,000 9,000 ... 6,600 4,800 8,500 7,560 6,880 8,210 8,670 9,360 7,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 520 235 285 455 240 210 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 648,250 316,950 331,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 446,040 241,000 205,040 145 80 60 160 80 80 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 203,685 109,100 94,580
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 52,800 56,400 49,600 53,600 53,600 53,600 45,200 45,600 40,400 60,000 66,000 53,600 51,600 56,800 46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,700 75,300 58,700 57,000 60,000 54,000 48,000 55,000 41,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 59,900 65,900 52,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 411,950 203,780 208,170 150 65 80 95 55 45 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 167,945 83,100 84,845
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 21,600 23,200 20,400 24,000 28,000 22,400 27,800 36,400 27,600 24,200 28,000 21,800 21,400 24,400 18,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 31,400 34,200 28,640 34,000 39,000 29,600 28,800 34,000 23,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 29,560 34,600 24,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 86.2 90.6 80.8 83.0 86.0 80.0 79.5 84.0 74.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 82.8 86.0 78.8
Employment income (%) 72.8 77.2 67.6 66.5 73.0 60.0 70.0 72.0 68.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 68.0 70.6 64.6
Government transfers (%) 13.8 9.4 19.1 16.6 13.8 19.6 20.4 15.6 26.4 12.3 8.9 16.9 17.2 14.0 21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.6 2.4 x 2.2 1.4 2.8 1.2 1.0 1.6 3.3 3.4 3.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 816,335 ... ... 245 ... ... 200 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 63,600 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 81,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 56,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 62,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 341,345 ... ... 70 ... ... 35 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 100,545 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,600 ... ... 38,800 ... ... 36,800 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 35,600 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 33,600 ... ... 34,800 ... ... 33,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 32,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 474,990 ... ... 175 ... ... 165 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 237,105 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 77,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,700 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 85,400 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 69,600 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 72,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 341,250 ... ... 90 ... ... 45 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 100,470 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,400 ... ... 54,000 ... ... 50,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 43,160 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,760 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 42,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 36,920 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 475,105 ... ... 160 ... ... 145 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 237,185 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,600 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 103,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 87,100 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 816,335 ... ... 245 ... ... 200 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Under $5,000 17,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 2,555 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 9,785 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 3,550 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 16,775 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 5,005 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 24,425 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 5,205 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 54,215 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 20,140 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 38,420 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 13,035 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 37,880 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 15,205 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 38,590 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 16,985 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 39,530 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 16,465 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 37,970 ... ... 15 ... ... 5 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 15,135 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 69,550 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 28,720 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 62,125 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 26,860 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 55,220 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 24,810 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,040 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 22,570 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 41,220 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 19,340 ... ...
$100,000 and over 224,580 ... ... 85 ... ... 85 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 102,075 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 76,005 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 36,570 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 48,680 ... ... 20 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 24,235 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 51,900 ... ... 30 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 25,140 ... ...
$200,000 and over 47,995 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 16,125 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 816,335 ... ... 245 ... ... 200 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Under $5,000 18,250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 2,795 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 3,625 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 17,050 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 5,080 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 26,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 5,550 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 59,285 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 21,560 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 46,355 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 16,020 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 45,485 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 18,125 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 47,370 ... ... 15 ... ... 5 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 19,505 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 46,995 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 18,680 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 43,530 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 17,375 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 78,470 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 34,180 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 68,975 ... ... 35 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 31,255 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 59,285 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 28,050 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,000 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 23,535 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 39,955 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 19,325 ... ...
$100,000 and over 160,295 ... ... 65 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 72,995 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 68,460 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 33,440 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 38,400 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 18,770 ... ...
$150,000 and over 53,430 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 20,785 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 435,310 ... ... 160 ... ... 160 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 226,015 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.9 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 156,425 ... ... 55 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 103,880 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 76,500 ... ... 72,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 67,500 ... ... 65,500 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 175,465 ... ... 80 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 80,675 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 123,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 86,340 ... ... 20 ... ... 45 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 34,515 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 58,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,800 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 54,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.5 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 446,765 228,335 218,420 95 45 50 40 25 25 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 132,230 64,450 67,775
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,400 33,600 37,200 31,600 37,600 38,400 56,000 36,400 38,400 40,000 36,800 34,000 36,400 32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 30,800 31,000 30,800 32,800 28,600 33,600 34,400 46,000 31,600 34,800 36,000 33,600 31,000 32,400 29,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 435,360 ... ... 155 ... ... 145 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 225,820 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,400 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 103,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 92,800 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 87,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 156,545 ... ... 40 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 103,530 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 109,200 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 91,900 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,500 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 77,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 175,580 ... ... 90 ... ... 85 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 80,950 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 144,000 ... ... 118,000 ... ... 126,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 134,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,400 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 111,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 86,035 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 34,265 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,300 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 67,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,100 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 60,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 446,290 227,645 218,645 95 40 55 50 30 20 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 132,200 64,270 67,930
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,280 45,400 43,080 53,000 52,000 54,000 48,000 56,000 38,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 41,080 43,440 38,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,760 37,240 36,240 44,000 42,000 44,000 40,000 44,000 36,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 35,360 36,800 34,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,723,215 851,580 871,635 595 300 295 570 280 285 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 759,195 373,705 385,485
0 to 17 years 316,605 161,795 154,815 125 80 45 110 60 45 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 134,200 68,730 65,465
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,865 52,630 35 25 10 25 10 15 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 39,385 20,250 19,135
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,585 567,820 355 175 180 345 165 175 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 458,335 226,275 232,065
65 years and over 266,200 117,200 149,000 115 50 70 120 55 65 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 166,660 78,700 87,955
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 299,080 143,995 155,085 45 25 20 50 25 20 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 107,975 49,435 58,545
0 to 17 years 49,430 25,350 24,085 5 5 5 15 10 5 854,565 439,490 415,075 21,345 11,025 10,320
0 to 5 years 17,500 8,905 8,595 0 0 0 5 0 5 282,315 144,250 138,065 7,075 3,615 3,455
18 to 64 years 184,970 93,610 91,360 20 15 5 15 5 5 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 50,945 23,870 27,070
65 years and over 64,675 25,040 39,635 20 5 10 20 10 10 985,745 391,695 594,050 35,690 14,540 21,150
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 17.4 16.9 17.8 7.6 8.0 7.2 8.4 9.0 7.6 11.1 10.5 11.6 14.2 13.2 15.2
0 to 17 years (%) 15.6 15.7 15.6 6.0 x x 16.0 16.0 16.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 15.9 16.0 15.8
0 to 5 years (%) 16.3 16.2 16.3 x x x 12.0 x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 18.0 17.9 18.1
18 to 64 years (%) 16.2 16.3 16.1 5.0 7.0 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 11.1 10.6 11.7
65 years and over (%) 24.3 21.4 26.6 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 18.0 16.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 21.4 18.5 24.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 595 305 295 565 285 285 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 750,265 369,270 380,995
0 to 17 years 316,610 161,790 154,815 125 75 45 105 60 50 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 131,660 67,385 64,280
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,870 52,635 35 25 10 30 15 15 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 38,625 19,835 18,790
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,580 567,825 350 175 180 340 170 175 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 452,815 223,560 229,255
65 years and over 266,195 117,200 148,995 120 50 70 115 50 60 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 165,795 78,335 87,465
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 199,665 102,220 97,440 30 25 10 5 0 0 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 28,545 14,420 14,120
0 to 17 years 26,605 13,610 12,995 5 0 0 0 0 0 319,545 164,490 155,060 4,940 2,540 2,400
0 to 5 years 9,255 4,715 4,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,435 50,875 48,560 1,475 750 725
18 to 64 years 144,765 77,525 67,235 20 15 0 5 0 0 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 21,470 11,035 10,435
65 years and over 28,295 11,090 17,205 5 0 0 5 0 0 199,155 83,010 116,145 2,135 850 1,285
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 11.6 12.0 11.2 5.2 7.2 3.2 1.0 1.6 x 5.2 5.4 5.0 3.8 3.9 3.7
0 to 17 years (%) 8.4 8.4 8.4 6.0 x x x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 3.8 3.8 3.7
0 to 5 years (%) 8.6 8.6 8.6 x x x x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.8 3.8 3.9
18 to 64 years (%) 12.7 13.5 11.8 6.0 10.0 2.0 1.2 x x 6.0 6.4 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.6
65 years and over (%) 10.6 9.5 11.6 3.0 x x x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 1.3 1.1 1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,723,215 851,575 871,635 595 300 295 570 285 285 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 759,195 373,710 385,485
In bottom half of the distribution 1,097,735 535,190 562,545 330 165 170 300 140 155 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 459,505 222,055 237,450
In bottom decile 278,660 138,645 140,020 35 25 10 20 10 10 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 92,405 43,155 49,245
In second decile 226,095 107,680 118,415 50 25 25 55 25 35 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 100,770 47,335 53,440
In third decile 221,215 107,370 113,845 95 40 50 70 30 35 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 94,620 45,965 48,650
In fourth decile 197,520 96,110 101,415 75 35 40 70 35 35 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 88,080 43,670 44,410
In fifth decile 174,245 85,395 88,855 70 35 40 90 45 45 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 83,630 41,930 41,705
In top half of the distribution 625,475 316,385 309,090 265 140 130 265 140 130 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 299,685 151,655 148,035
In sixth decile 150,945 74,795 76,155 65 30 35 95 45 50 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 76,590 38,735 37,860
In seventh decile 134,455 67,455 67,000 65 35 30 85 45 40 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 71,410 35,940 35,465
In eighth decile 121,350 61,450 59,900 65 35 30 45 25 25 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 63,110 31,815 31,295
In ninth decile 108,785 55,650 53,130 50 25 20 35 25 15 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 51,515 26,155 25,360
In top decile 109,935 57,030 52,905 25 15 15 0 0 0 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 37,055 19,005 18,050
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,723,210 ... ... 595 ... ... 565 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 759,195 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.374 ... ... 0.301 ... ... 0.227 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.311 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.516 ... ... 0.438 ... ... 0.372 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.448 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.318 ... ... 0.252 ... ... 0.199 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.272 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 764,630 376,260 388,370
English only 207,690 107,915 99,775 20 15 10 15 5 5 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 442,430 223,035 219,395
French only 473,490 215,190 258,295 230 115 115 255 115 140 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 60,175 28,960 31,215
English and French 1,018,100 519,275 498,830 330 165 160 290 155 130 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 260,120 123,360 136,765
Neither English nor French 41,975 16,745 25,230 15 0 10 10 5 5 689,725 284,170 405,555 1,900 905 1,000
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 764,630 376,260 388,370
English 457,725 231,930 225,795 50 25 20 90 50 45 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 528,550 260,745 267,805
French 1,091,480 533,590 557,890 480 250 235 420 205 220 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 229,330 112,260 117,065
English and French 151,345 77,485 73,865 60 25 30 40 30 15 476,175 237,635 238,535 5,040 2,475 2,565
Neither English nor French 40,705 16,120 24,585 15 0 10 10 5 5 673,100 275,685 397,420 1,710 785 930
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 764,630 376,260 388,370
Single responses 1,615,770 796,000 819,775 565 285 285 530 260 265 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 745,685 367,100 378,580
Official languages 1,044,150 518,340 525,805 380 200 180 335 170 165 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 712,570 350,360 362,205
English 225,920 115,155 110,765 25 10 10 45 25 20 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 487,010 239,995 247,010
French 818,225 403,185 415,040 360 190 170 285 140 145 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 225,560 110,365 115,195
Non-official languages 571,625 277,655 293,970 185 85 100 200 95 100 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 33,115 16,740 16,375
Indigenous languages39 355 125 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 148,895 71,630 77,265 1,715 800 915
Algonquian languages 190 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,125 46,545 50,580 1,685 790 895
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 165 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 67,665 32,715 34,950 10 15 0
Atikamekw 25 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0 0 0
Cree languages 95 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,070 25,645 27,430 5 5 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 300 280 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 50 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0 5 0
Innu (Montagnais) 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 0
Naskapi 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 310 315 5 5 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,155 2,415 2,745 1,670 770 895
Mi'kmaq 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,910 2,290 2,620 1,435 655 780
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 230 115 115
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,775 10,230 11,550 5 5 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 865 400 460 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 5 5 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 235 235 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 5 5 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 5 0 5
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 120 150 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 5 0 5
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,790 16,480 17,315 20 10 10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 0 0 0
Inuktitut 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,240 16,955 20 10 10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 150 205 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 115 155 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 155 170 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 5 0 5
Non-Indigenous languages 571,270 277,530 293,740 185 85 100 200 95 100 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 31,400 15,935 15,460
Afro-Asiatic languages 119,100 63,230 55,865 50 25 25 10 5 5 698,355 359,625 338,730 4,860 2,630 2,225
Berber languages 15,445 8,305 7,140 30 15 10 0 0 0 27,490 14,715 12,775 75 50 25
Kabyle 14,315 7,650 6,660 30 15 10 0 0 0 24,760 13,130 11,625 65 40 25
Tamazight 985 570 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,340 1,365 975 10 5 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 150 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 225 170 5 5 5
Chadic languages 335 180 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,985 1,085 905 20 15 10
Hausa 175 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 740 570 10 5 0
Mina 165 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 340 335 10 5 5
Coptic 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 510 505 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 765 360 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,410 23,275 26,135 115 60 60
Bilen 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,020 1,085 935 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0 0 0
Somali 735 345 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,730 18,775 21,955 105 55 60
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 400 350 0 0 0
Semitic languages 102,380 54,295 48,085 25 10 15 10 5 0 618,450 320,045 298,405 4,645 2,510 2,125
Amharic 495 235 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,685 12,090 13,600 40 25 20
Arabic 99,450 52,790 46,660 25 10 15 10 5 0 508,410 265,350 243,060 4,345 2,340 2,005
Aramaic languages 120 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,690 13,465 14,220 5 5 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,600 805 795 5 5 0
Harari 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 550 675 0 0 0
Hebrew 1,580 845 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,495 10,505 8,995 185 105 80
Maltese 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,425 2,080 2,340 5 5 5
Tigrigna 705 360 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,075 15,775 15,300 45 35 15
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 235 220 10 5 5
Austro-Asiatic languages 23,210 10,690 12,525 25 10 15 0 0 0 192,985 87,230 105,750 965 460 500
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,580 2,090 2,500 5 0 5 0 0 0 19,525 8,820 10,705 20 10 10
Vietnamese 18,595 8,585 10,005 15 10 10 0 0 0 173,000 78,180 94,820 940 450 490
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 230 225 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 15,495 6,045 9,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 565,375 238,875 326,500 3,180 1,320 1,860
Bikol 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,115 940 1,180 5 0 5
Bisaya, n.o.s. 305 120 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,215 3,425 4,790 70 30 45
Cebuano 680 250 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,945 7,800 11,145 225 100 120
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 390 130 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,690 3,900 5,795 30 10 25
Ilocano 1,650 670 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,520 14,140 19,380 75 35 45
Indonesian 405 165 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,910 4,990 6,920 60 15 40
Kankanaey 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,100 465 640 5 5 0
Kinaray-a 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 410 185 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 990 1,090 45 20 25
Merina 285 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 580 670 25 10 15
Malagasy, n.o.s. 130 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 415 425 15 5 10
Malay 45 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 570 760 15 0 15
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 160 75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,615 2,635 2,980 10 5 10
Pangasinan 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,050 900 1,150 5 5 5
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,970 4,220 6,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 461,150 194,805 266,345 2,590 1,085 1,505
Waray-Waray 40 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 690 935 10 5 5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 215 100 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,740 2,035 2,705 30 10 20
Creole languages 36,965 16,655 20,310 5 0 0 80 35 45 78,235 35,650 42,580 190 90 95
Haitian Creole 27,145 12,010 15,135 5 0 0 75 30 40 52,435 23,355 29,085 95 45 50
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 315 290 15 10 5
Krio 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 435 10 5 5
Morisyen 910 440 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,125 3,015 3,110 30 15 15
Sango 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 280 300 5 0 5
Creole, n.o.s. 8,605 4,065 4,535 0 0 0 5 0 5 15,550 7,325 8,230 30 10 15
Creole languages, n.i.e. 230 100 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,000 1,140 5 0 0
Dravidian languages 12,090 6,330 5,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 244,165 125,180 118,990 825 475 355
Kannada 225 140 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,240 3,215 3,020 55 25 25
Malayalam 1,315 700 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,050 29,375 24,670 275 165 115
Tamil 9,175 4,555 4,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 152,850 75,010 77,845 225 125 100
Telugu 1,350 915 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,045 17,095 12,950 270 165 105
Tulu 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 310 305 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 170 195 0 0 0
Georgian 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,180 1,175 1,005 5 5 5
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 305 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 289,040 139,810 149,235 90 40 45 100 50 50 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 14,990 7,825 7,160
Albanian 1,795 885 910 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,265 14,690 14,580 60 30 35
Armenian 5,565 2,645 2,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,720 16,335 17,385 30 20 10
Balto-Slavic languages 29,665 13,025 16,635 10 5 5 5 0 0 648,810 297,100 351,710 2,830 1,405 1,425
Baltic languages 315 125 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,560 4,425 6,135 70 30 40
Latvian 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 1,875 2,555 25 10 15
Lithuanian 205 70 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,130 2,555 3,580 45 20 25
Slavic languages 29,350 12,905 16,445 10 5 5 5 0 0 638,250 292,670 345,580 2,760 1,370 1,385
Belarusian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 325 395 0 0 0
Bulgarian 3,100 1,440 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,035 9,090 9,950 35 10 20
Czech 555 255 300 5 0 0 0 0 0 20,025 9,215 10,815 75 40 35
Macedonian 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,795 7,075 7,720 20 10 15
Polish 5,875 2,530 3,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 160,170 72,120 88,050 295 140 160
Russian 14,020 6,080 7,940 5 0 0 5 0 0 197,905 89,100 108,800 1,520 750 770
Rusyn 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 240 255 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 2,580 1,265 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,735 56,900 59,835 300 160 140
Bosnian 340 170 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,820 6,785 7,040 60 35 25
Croatian 865 415 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,500 20,755 22,740 90 40 45
Serbian 1,300 645 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,425 28,410 29,015 145 85 60
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,995 945 1,045 10 0 10
Slovak 345 130 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,255 6,930 8,320 45 25 20
Slovene (Slovenian) 240 100 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,965 3,425 4,535 10 5 0
Ukrainian 2,490 1,045 1,440 5 0 5 0 0 0 84,705 38,005 46,695 455 230 225
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 235 205 0 0 0
Celtic languages 40 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 1,110 1,045 20 5 15
Irish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 355 315 5 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 210 5 0 5
Welsh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 410 420 10 5 5
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 135 95 0 0 0
Germanic languages 11,285 5,660 5,630 0 0 0 0 0 0 463,400 221,365 242,035 2,805 1,390 1,415
Frisian 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 800 775 25 15 5
High German languages 9,860 4,925 4,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,570 142,580 158,990 1,610 765 845
German 3,360 1,560 1,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 272,865 128,250 144,615 1,505 720 790
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 55 30 25
Swiss German 235 125 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,575 3,740 3,835 50 20 25
Yiddish 6,270 3,240 3,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 895 465 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,655 67,815 70,840 980 515 465
Afrikaans 65 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,270 6,175 6,095 120 60 60
Dutch 740 390 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,315 39,000 41,310 820 440 385
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0 0 0
Low Saxon 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 625 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,200 16,410 16,785 15 10 5
Vlaams (Flemish) 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,935 1,325 1,605 20 10 10
Scandinavian languages 480 245 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,275 9,500 10,775 175 80 95
Danish 150 70 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,945 4,750 5,195 90 35 55
Icelandic 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 430 480 0 0 0
Norwegian 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,535 1,675 1,860 35 25 15
Swedish 230 120 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,890 2,645 3,245 50 20 25
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 670 660 5 5 0
Greek 14,410 6,805 7,605 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,335 45,860 47,470 140 90 50
Indo-Iranian languages 58,285 30,880 27,410 15 5 5 0 0 0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 4,855 2,765 2,090
Indo-Aryan languages 42,700 23,120 19,580 15 5 5 0 0 0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 4,030 2,325 1,705
Assamese 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Bengali 9,850 5,065 4,785 15 5 5 0 0 0 87,580 45,160 42,425 410 225 185
Gujarati 4,805 2,565 2,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,985 73,335 65,655 455 315 140
Hindi 3,655 2,135 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 152,825 79,585 73,240 695 405 285
Kacchi 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,930 3,100 3,830 10 5 5
Kashmiri 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 745 395 350 0 0 0
Konkani 55 35 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,425 1,675 1,745 15 10 5
Marathi 345 200 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,145 7,330 6,810 95 45 45
Nepali 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,425 11,920 11,510 120 55 60
Oriya languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,775 940 835 10 10 5
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,125 615 510 5 5 5
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 325 320 5 5 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 16,345 9,050 7,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 666,585 341,515 325,065 1,765 1,005 755
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Sindhi 45 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 2,070 1,915 10 5 5
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 390 205 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,000 8,895 9,110 55 30 25
Urdu 6,535 3,480 3,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 235,290 118,540 116,755 385 210 175
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 170 95 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,865 2,085 1,780 10 5 5
Iranian languages 15,575 7,755 7,820 0 0 0 0 0 0 300,555 150,160 150,390 820 440 380
Baluchi 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 305 250 0 0 0
Kurdish 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,485 8,770 7,715 130 65 65
Parsi 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 240 0 0 0
Pashto 975 525 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,520 10,170 9,355 30 15 15
Persian languages 14,065 6,930 7,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,625 130,180 132,440 655 355 300
Dari 1,085 520 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,220 28,070 29,155 35 10 20
Iranian Persian 11,665 5,750 5,915 0 0 0 0 0 0 179,425 89,070 90,360 575 315 260
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,975 13,040 12,930 45 30 20
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 70 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 425 390 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 165 140 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 167,975 79,875 88,100 60 25 30 95 50 50 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 4,240 2,115 2,120
Catalan 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 470 440 0 0 0
Italian 57,590 26,825 30,760 5 5 0 45 25 25 319,505 154,295 165,205 400 220 180
Portuguese 18,080 8,625 9,455 30 20 15 5 5 0 240,680 115,235 125,450 1,125 555 565
Romanian 12,300 5,780 6,525 5 0 5 10 0 0 93,160 44,185 48,975 495 250 250
Spanish 79,720 38,505 41,210 20 10 10 40 20 20 538,870 259,500 279,375 2,210 1,080 1,130
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 610 550 5 5 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 195 185 5 5 0
Japanese 1,590 475 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,850 14,205 29,650 120 30 90
Korean 3,810 1,650 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 170,400 77,075 93,325 1,460 715 740
Mongolian 100 35 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 800 1,050 5 0 5
Niger-Congo languages 13,245 6,595 6,650 5 5 5 0 0 0 108,295 52,850 55,440 1,145 595 545
Akan (Twi) 620 305 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,120 6,400 6,720 25 15 10
Bamanankan 665 360 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,855 1,000 860 65 40 30
Edo 60 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,685 745 940 5 5 0
Éwé 330 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 1,030 920 20 10 10
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1,245 640 605 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,520 1,825 1,695 55 30 25
Ga 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 400 415 0 5 0
Ganda 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,890 885 1,010 5 5 0
Gikuyu 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 320 440 0 0 0
Igbo 90 55 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 2,720 2,460 50 30 20
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,090 490 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,380 3,365 4,015 105 50 50
Lingala 1,680 750 930 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,925 2,335 40 20 20
Luba-Kasai 140 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 245 275 0 0 0
Mòoré 150 85 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 515 260 260 10 0 5
Mwani 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 365 325 0 0 0
Ndebele 30 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 420 500 5 5 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,320 595 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,660 4,035 4,625 90 40 50
Shona 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,605 1,665 1,940 30 15 20
Soninke 205 135 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 315 190 5 5 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 200 320 0 0 0
Swahili 795 385 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,000 7,630 8,370 270 140 130
Wojenaka 485 225 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 15 5 10
Wolof 1,495 800 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,605 2,285 45 20 25
Yoruba 625 325 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,015 7,605 7,410 145 75 65
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,045 1,060 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,000 6,405 6,590 150 75 75
Nilo-Saharan languages 340 190 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,920 3,565 3,355 35 15 20
Dinka 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 1,000 865 0 0 0
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 275 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,395 1,745 1,645 35 15 15
African, n.o.s. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 575 305 270 0 0 0
Sign languages 275 140 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,955 3,710 3,250 145 70 75
American Sign Language 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,635 2,335 120 55 65
Quebec Sign Language 185 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 990 520 465 15 10 5
Sign languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 555 450 15 10 10
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,550 21,145 25,405 15 5 10 0 0 0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 3,005 1,475 1,525
Chinese languages 46,390 21,080 25,315 15 5 10 0 0 0 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 2,950 1,450 1,500
Hakka 210 85 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 4,420 5,345 10 10 5
Mandarin 29,410 13,275 16,135 10 5 5 0 0 0 679,255 310,750 368,510 2,340 1,140 1,200
Min Dong 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 665 645 5 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,730 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,805 12,415 15,390 45 20 25
Wu (Shanghainese) 440 195 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,880 3,995 4,880 35 15 20
Yue (Cantonese) 13,690 6,300 7,390 5 0 5 0 0 0 553,380 255,540 297,835 470 245 225
Chinese, n.o.s. 855 435 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,610 5,500 6,110 50 25 25
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 295 330 5 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 120 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,600 8,160 8,445 50 25 25
Burmese 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,305 1,590 1,710 15 5 5
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 475 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 15 10 10
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 15 10 10
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 305 315 0 0 0
Tibetan 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 445 440 20 10 10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 285 295 5 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 1,705 735 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,350 8,605 13,745 80 15 70
Lao 1,280 615 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,485 5,475 6,010 5 5 5
Thai 405 115 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,455 2,960 7,495 80 5 70
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 165 240 0 0 0
Turkic languages 5,370 2,745 2,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,520 28,385 25,135 145 95 55
Azerbaijani 250 155 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,490 2,460 2,030 10 5 0
Kazakh 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 540 230 305 5 0 5
Turkish 4,825 2,455 2,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,190 23,615 20,570 95 65 35
Uyghur 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 660 690 0 0 0
Uzbek 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,805 890 920 10 5 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 90 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 530 620 20 5 10
Uralic languages 2,190 965 1,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,180 31,000 37,180 255 120 130
Estonian 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,485 1,945 2,535 15 15 5
Finnish 140 55 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,200 5,075 7,120 40 20 20
Hungarian 1,985 880 1,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,500 23,980 27,525 195 90 100
Other languages, n.i.e. 80 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,060 540 520 0 0 5
Multiple responses 125,490 63,125 62,360 30 20 10 35 25 15 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 18,945 9,155 9,790
English and French 35,195 17,970 17,225 5 5 5 15 5 10 291,325 142,420 148,905 12,815 6,065 6,750
English and non-official language(s) 26,945 13,375 13,565 5 0 0 5 5 0 921,480 450,685 470,800 4,695 2,370 2,320
French and non-official language(s) 44,880 22,480 22,400 15 10 5 10 5 5 117,910 57,875 60,040 655 330 335
English, French and non-official language(s) 13,590 7,010 6,580 5 0 5 5 5 0 52,880 25,900 26,975 345 195 145
Multiple non-official languages 4,880 2,290 2,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,095 42,330 49,765 440 200 235
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 764,630 376,260 388,370
English 236,770 119,975 116,790 25 10 10 50 25 25 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 500,190 246,800 253,390
French 743,335 365,685 377,655 370 195 175 265 130 140 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 183,630 90,460 93,170
Non-official language 182,560 86,255 96,305 65 25 40 50 20 25 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 9,490 4,825 4,665
Indigenous39 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,460 25,385 25,080 285 125 155
Non-Indigenous 182,495 86,230 96,265 65 25 40 50 20 25 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 9,210 4,695 4,510
English and French 146,050 75,850 70,210 20 10 10 20 10 5 953,760 465,560 488,205 44,360 20,645 23,710
English and non-official language(s) 111,510 55,685 55,830 10 0 0 20 15 5 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 21,925 11,065 10,860
French and non-official language(s) 174,715 83,145 91,570 80 40 40 105 50 55 395,320 188,195 207,125 1,350 650 705
English, French and non-official language(s) 135,525 67,480 68,045 30 10 15 50 30 20 455,760 217,995 237,770 2,940 1,455 1,485
Multiple non-official languages 10,780 5,055 5,720 0 0 5 0 0 0 200,320 93,165 107,155 750 360 385
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 764,630 376,260 388,370
Single responses 1,586,665 782,610 804,055 545 270 270 515 255 260 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 748,940 368,675 380,265
Official languages 1,255,565 623,405 632,155 450 240 215 420 210 205 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 729,675 358,870 370,800
English 347,110 175,135 171,970 35 20 15 80 40 35 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 528,115 259,865 268,250
French 908,455 448,270 460,180 415 215 195 340 170 170 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 201,560 99,005 102,555
Non-official languages 331,100 159,200 171,905 90 40 55 95 45 50 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 19,265 9,800 9,465
Indigenous languages39 125 50 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,835 42,950 42,885 500 225 275
Algonquian languages 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,135 25,010 25,120 495 220 275
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,255 19,165 19,090 10 10 0
Atikamekw 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0
Cree languages 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,700 13,425 13,270 5 5 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 360 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 430 405 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,585 10,400 10,180 5 5 0
Innu (Montagnais) 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 5 5 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 490 215 275
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 440 190 250
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 45 20 25
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 70 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 390 315 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 220 175 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Inuktitut 30 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 5 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 330,975 159,150 171,830 90 40 55 95 45 50 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 18,765 9,575 9,190
Afro-Asiatic languages 61,235 31,705 29,525 10 5 5 0 0 0 395,840 197,010 198,830 3,320 1,715 1,600
Berber languages 6,795 3,645 3,145 5 0 0 0 0 0 11,295 5,940 5,355 25 15 10
Kabyle 6,320 3,390 2,930 5 0 0 0 0 0 10,180 5,325 4,850 15 5 5
Tamazight 360 195 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 455 380 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 110 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 155 130 10 5 0
Chadic languages 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 425 410 10 5 5
Hausa 80 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 330 305 0 0 0
Mina 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 95 105 5 0 5
Coptic 120 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 365 170 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,375 14,115 16,260 75 30 40
Bilen 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,645 890 760 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0 0 0
Somali 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,410 11,075 13,335 60 25 30
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 215 205 0 0 0
Semitic languages 53,825 27,770 26,060 5 0 0 0 0 0 352,790 176,270 176,520 3,215 1,670 1,545
Amharic 240 115 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,030 6,470 7,565 30 15 10
Arabic 52,330 27,000 25,325 5 0 0 0 0 0 285,915 143,650 142,260 3,060 1,580 1,480
Aramaic languages 75 30 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,740 9,940 10,800 5 5 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 35 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 605 615 5 5 0
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 305 380 0 0 0
Hebrew 715 375 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,515 4,355 4,160 85 45 45
Maltese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 360 435 0 0 0
Tigrigna 445 230 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,860 11,050 10,810 30 25 10
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 135 115 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 16,465 7,600 8,865 10 5 5 0 0 0 127,730 58,660 69,070 685 340 345
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,860 1,295 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,765 5,880 0 0 0
Vietnamese 13,590 6,300 7,290 10 5 5 0 0 0 116,785 53,735 63,055 685 340 345
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 135 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 9,325 3,930 5,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 326,245 149,550 176,700 1,725 790 940
Bikol 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 370 395 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 170 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,125 1,895 2,230 30 10 15
Cebuano 425 180 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,195 4,720 5,480 125 65 65
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 235 90 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,265 2,750 10 5 5
Ilocano 960 415 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,350 8,350 10,000 20 10 10
Indonesian 170 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,150 1,985 2,170 5 0 5
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 265 320 0 0 0
Kinaray-a 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 150 170 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 370 355 15 5 10
Merina 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 165 170 10 0 5
Malagasy, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 205 190 5 5 5
Malay 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 145 140 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0 0 0
Pangasinan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 310 375 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,960 2,890 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 275,045 125,870 149,170 1,510 690 820
Waray-Waray 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 325 360 0 0 0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 95 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0 0 0
Creole languages 17,395 7,710 9,685 0 0 0 40 15 25 35,195 15,455 19,740 95 35 60
Haitian Creole 12,640 5,455 7,185 0 0 0 40 15 25 22,610 9,620 12,990 60 25 30
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 125 175 0 0 0
Krio 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 150 210 0 0 0
Morisyen 475 225 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,640 1,760 1,880 10 5 5
Sango 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 135 160 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 4,185 1,980 2,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,120 3,275 3,845 25 5 20
Creole languages, n.i.e. 75 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 395 475 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 9,345 4,775 4,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 169,705 85,265 84,440 560 330 230
Kannada 115 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,060 1,575 1,485 20 10 5
Malayalam 970 520 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,390 19,010 16,380 180 105 70
Tamil 7,425 3,635 3,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,335 54,240 58,095 180 95 80
Telugu 820 550 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,470 10,215 8,250 185 120 65
Tulu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 120 120 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 105 105 0 0 0
Georgian 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,335 730 610 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 168,495 80,690 87,800 60 25 35 50 25 25 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 8,125 4,260 3,865
Albanian 1,050 505 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 7,005 7,100 30 15 20
Armenian 3,895 1,770 2,120 0 0 0 5 5 0 21,970 10,415 11,550 15 5 5
Balto-Slavic languages 17,140 7,850 9,295 5 0 5 5 0 0 303,480 143,495 159,985 1,780 915 870
Baltic languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,495 1,120 1,380 25 15 10
Latvian 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 395 485 0 0 0
Lithuanian 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 720 895 20 10 10
Slavic languages 17,055 7,810 9,250 5 0 5 5 0 0 300,985 142,375 158,610 1,760 900 855
Belarusian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 115 0 0 0
Bulgarian 2,020 960 1,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,315 5,005 5,310 5 5 0
Czech 165 75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,680 2,705 2,980 30 15 15
Macedonian 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,105 2,880 3,225 10 5 5
Polish 2,505 1,085 1,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,140 30,225 34,915 90 45 45
Russian 9,755 4,475 5,285 0 0 0 5 0 0 125,780 59,290 66,490 1,135 580 550
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,200 575 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,150 25,720 27,430 150 75 75
Bosnian 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 3,135 3,345 30 15 15
Croatian 365 165 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,925 6,965 7,960 20 10 15
Serbian 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,110 15,310 15,800 100 55 40
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 315 325 0 0 0
Slovak 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,410 2,605 25 15 10
Slovene (Slovenian) 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,375 595 785 0 0 0
Ukrainian 1,185 545 640 5 0 0 0 0 0 27,825 13,250 14,580 315 165 150
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 0 0 0
Celtic languages 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 295 265 0 0 0
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 165 145 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 55 0 0 0
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 0 0 0
Germanic languages 6,300 3,280 3,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,450 68,575 71,875 690 340 350
Frisian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 110 155 0 0 0
High German languages 6,055 3,160 2,895 0 0 0 0 0 0 103,780 50,460 53,325 420 205 215
German 510 245 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,820 41,815 45,005 355 170 185
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 55 30 20
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,750 870 875 15 5 5
Yiddish 5,525 2,905 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 145 70 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,710 16,730 16,980 240 115 125
Afrikaans 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,095 3,055 3,035 75 40 40
Dutch 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,100 3,950 4,150 160 75 85
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 120 0 5 5
Scandinavian languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 920 1,020 20 15 10
Danish 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 280 340 10 0 10
Icelandic 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 95 0 0 0
Norwegian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 125 135 5 10 0
Swedish 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 435 450 5 5 5
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 355 390 10 10 0
Greek 7,530 3,370 4,165 5 0 5 0 0 0 38,300 17,490 20,810 25 10 20
Indo-Iranian languages 43,235 22,475 20,760 10 5 5 0 0 0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 3,170 1,750 1,415
Indo-Aryan languages 32,115 17,085 15,025 10 5 5 0 0 0 962,820 490,815 472,000 2,625 1,480 1,145
Assamese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 110 110 0 0 0
Bengali 7,290 3,630 3,660 10 5 5 0 0 0 56,750 28,435 28,315 225 120 105
Gujarati 3,250 1,705 1,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,005 47,790 44,215 250 165 90
Hindi 2,460 1,380 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,930 47,555 44,375 430 250 180
Kacchi 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0 0 0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 5 5 5
Konkani 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 415 470 15 10 10
Marathi 160 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,460 3,800 3,660 25 15 20
Nepali 225 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,835 8,595 8,235 75 35 35
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 420 375 0 0 0
Odia 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 275 250 0 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 130 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 13,485 7,465 6,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 520,390 266,775 253,610 1,335 755 585
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 215 0 0 0
Sindhi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 245 130 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,665 4,775 4,890 20 10 5
Urdu 4,795 2,465 2,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 158,040 78,420 79,615 235 125 105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,015 1,040 975 0 0 0
Iranian languages 11,115 5,390 5,730 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,420 99,545 104,875 545 270 275
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 155 0 0 0
Kurdish 220 120 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,380 5,245 5,135 110 50 60
Parsi 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 130 150 0 0 0
Pashto 750 405 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,215 6,670 6,545 25 10 15
Persian languages 10,090 4,835 5,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 179,745 87,075 92,670 410 210 200
Dari 675 320 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,190 17,395 18,795 15 5 10
Iranian Persian 8,570 4,115 4,460 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,840 61,060 64,780 360 190 170
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 845 400 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,620 9,095 30 10 15
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 250 225 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 70 55 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 89,325 41,435 47,885 35 15 25 45 20 25 577,735 273,965 303,770 2,405 1,215 1,190
Catalan 75 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 185 190 0 0 0
Italian 21,255 8,905 12,350 0 0 0 15 5 10 92,755 38,750 54,005 85 40 45
Portuguese 9,715 4,550 5,165 25 15 15 0 0 0 118,730 56,685 62,045 800 395 400
Romanian 7,290 3,495 3,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,090 23,135 24,955 285 150 140
Spanish 50,960 24,440 26,520 15 0 10 30 15 10 317,365 155,005 162,360 1,230 625 610
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 210 220 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 95 95 0 0 0
Japanese 705 285 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,055 8,290 11,765 30 15 20
Korean 2,705 1,205 1,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 125,525 58,250 67,275 1,195 590 600
Mongolian 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 505 545 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 4,240 2,060 2,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,600 18,055 20,545 515 240 275
Akan (Twi) 340 160 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,000 2,755 3,240 5 0 5
Bamanankan 205 100 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 280 280 35 15 15
Edo 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 150 215 0 0 0
Éwé 85 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 225 245 5 5 5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 665 650 15 5 10
Ga 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 115 150 0 0 0
Ganda 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 260 295 0 0 0
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0
Igbo 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 770 765 25 15 10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 335 145 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,205 1,520 65 35 35
Lingala 570 255 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,520 655 860 10 0 10
Luba-Kasai 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 60 0 0 0
Mòoré 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 0 0 0
Mwani 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 0 0 0
Ndebele 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 130 160 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 465 215 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,780 1,760 2,025 50 25 25
Shona 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 480 555 15 10 5
Soninke 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 145 85 5 5 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 45 85 0 0 0
Swahili 290 155 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,055 3,290 3,765 165 70 90
Wojenaka 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 130 160 5 0 0
Wolof 600 325 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,945 1,040 910 30 15 20
Yoruba 180 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,505 2,890 30 15 15
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 330 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 1,250 1,470 40 15 20
Nilo-Saharan languages 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,555 1,600 20 10 15
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 485 420 5 0 5
Nuer 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 355 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,465 705 760 15 5 5
African, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 70 0 0 0
Sign languages 515 300 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,160 7,005 5,160 275 160 110
American Sign Language 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,175 4,660 3,515 205 115 90
Quebec Sign Language 305 165 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 830 645 10 5 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,515 1,000 60 40 20
Sino-Tibetan languages 35,185 16,285 18,900 5 5 5 0 0 0 967,965 450,210 517,755 2,100 1,035 1,065
Chinese languages 35,100 16,245 18,855 5 5 5 0 0 0 955,685 444,115 511,565 2,070 1,020 1,045
Hakka 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0 0 0
Mandarin 23,585 10,965 12,620 5 5 0 0 0 0 530,945 249,675 281,270 1,755 865 890
Min Dong 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 370 405 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,050 460 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,945 6,255 7,685 10 5 5
Wu (Shanghainese) 285 135 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,750 2,705 3,050 25 10 10
Yue (Cantonese) 9,590 4,395 5,195 5 0 5 0 0 0 393,430 180,000 213,435 250 130 120
Chinese, n.o.s. 505 250 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,985 3,360 3,625 25 15 15
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 110 115 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,990 5,960 6,035 30 10 15
Burmese 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,075 1,010 1,070 10 0 5
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 10 5 5
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 10 5 5
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 210 0 0 0
Tibetan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 225 240 10 5 5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 135 155 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 870 405 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,120 4,660 5,460 15 10 15
Lao 715 350 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,955 2,850 3,105 5 5 5
Thai 150 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,955 1,725 2,230 10 0 10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 85 125 0 0 0
Turkic languages 3,575 1,790 1,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,490 16,530 15,960 50 25 20
Azerbaijani 100 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0 0 0
Kazakh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 50 0 0 0
Turkish 3,325 1,665 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,970 14,290 13,685 30 20 10
Uyghur 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 420 435 0 0 0
Uzbek 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 470 480 10 5 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 210 10 5 5
Uralic languages 695 285 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,790 8,625 10,165 55 20 35
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 245 370 0 0 0
Finnish 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 825 1,050 10 5 5
Hungarian 675 275 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,295 7,550 8,745 50 20 25
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 195 0 0 0
Multiple responses 154,590 76,515 78,075 50 30 25 50 30 25 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 15,690 7,585 8,105
English and French 45,705 23,415 22,290 5 5 5 10 10 5 230,955 112,070 118,880 9,245 4,315 4,925
English and non-official language(s) 32,655 15,945 16,710 5 0 0 0 5 0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 5,485 2,785 2,695
French and non-official language(s) 55,175 26,790 28,385 30 20 15 20 10 15 125,525 60,405 65,125 480 240 240
English, French and non-official language(s) 19,445 9,630 9,820 10 0 5 10 5 5 56,805 27,370 29,430 365 195 170
Multiple non-official languages 1,605 740 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,705 12,190 14,515 120 50 75
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 595 305 295 565 285 285 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 764,630 376,260 388,370
None 1,279,175 629,625 649,555 500 255 240 400 190 215 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 707,420 348,845 358,570
English 115,715 59,690 56,025 15 5 10 20 15 5 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 24,035 11,685 12,355
French 109,450 53,550 55,895 25 10 15 40 20 20 571,040 268,530 302,510 19,060 8,690 10,370
Non-official language 129,625 62,430 67,195 35 15 20 70 40 30 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 9,810 4,830 4,975
Indigenous39 145 55 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,565 29,285 34,280 1,065 520 540
Non-Indigenous 129,480 62,370 67,105 35 15 20 70 40 30 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 8,745 4,310 4,435
English and French 29,960 15,165 14,790 0 0 0 10 5 5 86,185 42,600 43,585 535 270 265
English and non-official language(s) 35,695 18,170 17,525 5 0 0 15 10 5 323,845 161,995 161,850 1,560 815 740
French and non-official language(s) 27,860 13,495 14,370 5 5 0 15 10 10 134,565 61,575 72,995 965 460 505
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,580 1,835 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,870 5,975 5,895 85 30 50
Multiple non-official languages 10,200 5,165 5,035 10 5 5 10 5 5 234,905 115,470 119,430 1,175 630 545
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 565 300 260 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 759,195 373,580 385,615
Official languages 1,681,610 834,860 846,755 605 285 315 555 300 260 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 757,425 372,745 384,680
English 1,216,575 623,125 593,455 360 165 195 255 170 85 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 698,025 344,305 353,720
French 1,475,945 727,525 748,420 575 270 305 550 290 260 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 317,825 151,335 166,490
Non-official languages 862,365 420,005 442,360 335 155 180 290 145 140 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 52,190 26,005 26,185
Indigenous languages39 800 315 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 243,155 116,360 126,795 3,575 1,740 1,830
Algonquian languages 365 150 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 163,815 78,135 85,675 3,410 1,695 1,720
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 260 100 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,850 50,975 54,870 50 35 15
Atikamekw 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0 0 0
Cree languages 150 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,875 42,340 45,530 35 20 15
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 10 10 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,000 29,930 31,070 15 10 0
Innu (Montagnais) 80 25 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0 0 0
Naskapi 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 525 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,035 4,770 5,260 3,345 1,650 1,695
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,245 4,370 4,880 2,605 1,275 1,325
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 765 395 375
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 90 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,865 20,015 22,850 20 0 15
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 895 1,060 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 55 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,160 11,930 14,235 15 0 15
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,035 875 1,165 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 80 135 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,720 9,495 11,225 15 0 15
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,390 9,635 10,755 10 0 10
Northern Athabaskan languages 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,135 9,515 10,620 10 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,210 620 590 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 10 10 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 315 75 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,795 20,980 21,820 115 35 80
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 0 0 0
Inuktitut 310 75 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,680 20,495 21,185 115 35 80
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 65 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 880 1,175 15 0 10
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 0 0 0
Mohawk 60 45 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,605 655 950 15 0 10
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 65 30 35
Salish languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 10 0 10
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 405 450 25 10 15
Non-Indigenous languages 861,690 419,765 441,925 335 155 180 290 145 140 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 48,670 24,290 24,375
Afro-Asiatic languages 193,965 101,880 92,090 95 55 40 35 20 10 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 7,130 3,910 3,220
Berber languages 23,765 12,670 11,095 55 30 25 15 0 10 42,835 22,775 20,060 115 75 40
Kabyle 21,490 11,425 10,070 55 30 25 15 0 10 37,415 19,660 17,755 80 50 30
Tamazight 2,020 1,120 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,735 2,720 2,015 30 25 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 560 290 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 750 575 0 0 0
Chadic languages 1,205 655 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,090 3,740 3,350 105 65 40
Hausa 575 370 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,080 2,695 2,380 65 40 25
Mina 625 290 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 1,040 965 40 25 15
Coptic 745 385 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 1,160 540 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 71,930 34,430 37,500 195 95 100
Bilen 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0 0 0
Oromo 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 35 15 20
Somali 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,005 27,735 31,270 125 65 65
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,400 760 645 0 0 0
Semitic languages 182,025 95,605 86,420 65 40 25 35 20 10 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 6,825 3,750 3,075
Amharic 780 375 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,305 23,910 24,395 95 45 50
Arabic 173,385 91,115 82,270 65 40 25 35 20 10 838,045 436,510 401,540 6,090 3,350 2,740
Aramaic languages 215 95 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,655 19,690 19,965 20 10 10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 155 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,195 1,625 1,570 20 10 10
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 0 0 0
Hebrew 7,665 4,080 3,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,205 42,515 40,685 620 340 280
Maltese 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,080 3,450 10 0 0
Tigrigna 820 400 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,970 23,120 22,845 50 30 20
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 75 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,760 1,065 695 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 30,875 14,470 16,405 50 20 30 0 0 0 260,030 120,035 139,995 1,160 630 530
Khmer (Cambodian) 6,850 3,180 3,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,390 13,100 15,290 35 25 10
Vietnamese 24,550 11,565 12,985 40 15 25 0 0 0 232,800 107,435 125,355 1,125 610 520
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 455 455 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 24,510 9,720 14,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 793,275 336,445 456,840 4,740 2,010 2,735
Bikol 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,260 1,975 2,275 30 0 25
Bisaya, n.o.s. 450 200 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,990 4,625 6,375 75 30 40
Cebuano 1,155 395 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,045 13,790 19,250 440 185 255
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 765 265 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,385 6,650 9,735 95 40 50
Ilocano 2,925 1,225 1,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,680 25,280 36,400 160 65 95
Indonesian 805 365 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,815 8,895 10,915 155 50 105
Kankanaey 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,175 20 10 10
Kinaray-a 85 25 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 345 510 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 835 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,885 1,960 1,920 110 70 40
Merina 655 320 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,355 1,215 1,140 70 50 20
Malagasy, n.o.s. 185 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,565 785 780 35 15 20
Malay 355 190 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,770 4,995 5,775 75 45 30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 355 165 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 4,690 5,865 55 15 40
Pangasinan 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,455 1,885 2,575 10 0 10
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 21,575 8,340 13,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 737,565 310,735 426,830 4,225 1,765 2,465
Waray-Waray 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 1,910 2,610 20 10 15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 905 390 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,140 8,785 11,355 145 60 90
Creole languages 74,245 33,880 40,365 0 0 0 115 45 70 184,840 85,045 99,790 785 365 420
Haitian Creole 66,445 30,045 36,400 0 0 0 115 45 70 134,895 61,215 73,680 365 165 200
Jamaican English Creole 215 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,675 70 35 30
Krio 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 870 1,090 55 30 25
Morisyen 2,365 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,345 7,620 7,725 105 50 50
Sango 185 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,535 785 750 15 10 0
Creole, n.o.s. 11,950 5,630 6,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,220 14,400 16,825 95 40 55
Creole languages, n.i.e. 1,520 685 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,585 4,575 5,005 105 55 50
Dravidian languages 16,725 8,745 7,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 359,485 185,160 174,325 1,460 845 615
Kannada 540 325 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 9,660 8,760 180 100 80
Malayalam 1,760 935 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,910 42,025 35,890 460 275 185
Tamil 12,940 6,480 6,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 237,890 119,570 118,320 725 400 325
Telugu 2,415 1,600 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,685 30,575 24,110 415 245 170
Tulu 30 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 935 835 10 10 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 450 520 0 0 0
Georgian 150 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0 0 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 365 360 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 450,480 219,660 230,825 150 70 80 155 90 65 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 25,220 12,650 12,570
Albanian 2,425 1,220 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,345 19,410 18,935 75 35 45
Armenian 7,185 3,350 3,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,500 21,675 22,825 100 70 35
Balto-Slavic languages 40,980 19,110 21,870 10 0 0 0 0 0 820,305 384,390 435,915 3,625 1,840 1,790
Baltic languages 530 215 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,890 5,900 7,985 85 35 50
Latvian 190 85 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0 0 0
Lithuanian 340 135 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,895 3,325 4,570 80 35 45
Slavic languages 40,615 18,955 21,660 10 0 0 0 0 0 809,985 380,025 429,960 3,590 1,820 1,770
Belarusian 160 55 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,185 1,640 20 10 15
Bulgarian 3,765 1,820 1,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,210 11,805 12,400 45 20 25
Czech 990 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,625 13,595 15,030 210 115 95
Macedonian 215 80 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,015 10,965 12,050 15 10 10
Polish 7,925 3,535 4,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 204,460 94,135 110,325 435 215 220
Russian 23,995 11,285 12,705 0 0 0 0 0 0 309,235 145,375 163,860 2,225 1,135 1,090
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 345 330 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 3,390 1,700 1,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,775 76,800 78,975 410 215 195
Bosnian 675 315 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,380 12,555 12,825 100 45 50
Croatian 1,515 775 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,845 36,015 37,830 180 85 95
Serbian 1,725 840 885 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,735 41,550 42,185 220 115 105
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 95 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,085 1,590 1,500 20 0 20
Slovak 590 250 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,905 9,455 11,450 115 60 55
Slovene (Slovenian) 345 145 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0 0 0
Ukrainian 4,905 2,155 2,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 131,655 59,230 72,425 1,015 505 510
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0
Celtic languages 275 150 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,485 5,430 5,055 120 45 70
Irish 120 65 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,360 2,940 2,415 35 20 20
Scottish Gaelic 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,050 1,120 65 20 40
Welsh 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 1,015 1,155 20 0 15
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 495 415 10 0 0
Germanic languages 28,325 14,670 13,655 10 0 10 0 0 0 658,705 319,800 338,905 4,825 2,375 2,450
Frisian 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,835 1,480 1,350 45 25 20
High German languages 25,545 13,365 12,180 10 0 10 0 0 0 453,995 222,215 231,780 3,340 1,670 1,670
German 17,050 8,935 8,110 10 0 10 0 0 0 419,195 204,840 214,355 3,250 1,625 1,620
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 65 30 30
Swiss German 300 120 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,465 5,025 5,440 25 10 15
Yiddish 8,490 4,455 4,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,155 10,105 10,045 15 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,020 1,005 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 191,840 93,435 98,405 1,330 670 660
Afrikaans 205 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,670 15,335 14,335 195 95 100
Dutch 1,645 825 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 107,985 51,330 56,650 1,070 545 525
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,165 20,590 20,575 35 15 20
Vlaams (Flemish) 175 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 1,825 2,155 40 20 20
Scandinavian languages 1,440 725 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,500 17,205 20,300 390 150 245
Danish 425 190 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,700 6,805 7,900 175 60 115
Icelandic 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 685 790 0 0 0
Norwegian 285 155 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,860 4,180 4,675 110 35 80
Swedish 820 445 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,620 6,765 7,855 155 70 85
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 25 0 20
Greek 20,685 9,850 10,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,060 71,685 73,375 330 210 115
Indo-Iranian languages 77,115 41,190 35,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 7,050 4,010 3,040
Indo-Aryan languages 58,875 31,985 26,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 6,275 3,580 2,695
Assamese 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 590 565 0 0 0
Bengali 12,945 6,685 6,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,605 62,330 58,270 505 275 230
Gujarati 6,930 3,785 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,415 110,000 99,405 765 525 240
Hindi 24,370 13,400 10,970 0 0 0 0 0 0 761,425 395,410 366,015 3,745 2,125 1,615
Kacchi 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 6,785 8,300 30 10 15
Kashmiri 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 965 865 0 0 0
Konkani 155 95 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,950 4,300 4,645 60 30 25
Marathi 780 440 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,230 18,210 17,020 185 95 90
Nepali 485 270 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,660 15,680 14,980 230 100 130
Oriya languages 45 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,235 1,665 1,570 15 15 0
Odia 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,710 925 785 0 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 755 795 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 22,580 12,435 10,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 942,170 488,075 454,090 2,475 1,385 1,090
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 345 420 0 0 0
Sindhi 100 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,385 4,480 3,910 50 25 15
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 845 470 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,050 16,645 16,400 150 95 55
Urdu 11,425 6,220 5,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 414,870 211,895 202,975 985 545 440
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 500 325 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,320 6,280 5,040 70 40 20
Iranian languages 18,895 9,560 9,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 370,520 186,750 183,770 820 460 360
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 565 420 0 0 0
Kurdish 780 465 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,035 13,005 11,030 55 25 35
Parsi 80 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 535 470 0 0 0
Pashto 1,225 645 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,695 16,810 14,885 35 30 10
Persian languages 17,095 8,600 8,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 326,285 163,665 162,620 730 410 315
Dari 1,280 645 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,220 38,765 39,460 40 20 25
Iranian Persian 14,160 7,125 7,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 222,160 111,750 110,415 620 355 265
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,790 920 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,345 15,460 14,880 70 45 25
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 970 855 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,135 1,245 895 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 293,340 139,795 153,545 110 55 50 135 75 60 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 10,140 4,585 5,555
Catalan 715 400 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,855 1,560 1,305 15 10 0
Italian 95,535 45,630 49,905 25 15 10 55 40 20 547,655 263,950 283,705 1,305 680 630
Portuguese 28,840 14,425 14,410 40 25 15 0 0 0 336,865 164,985 171,880 1,450 750 700
Romanian 15,245 7,225 8,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,520 55,570 60,950 555 245 305
Spanish 177,230 83,945 93,280 50 30 20 75 40 40 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 7,580 3,295 4,285
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 405 240 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,835 2,060 25 15 10
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,965 1,025 940 0 0 0
Japanese 4,585 2,190 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,070 43,380 54,690 485 260 230
Korean 5,035 2,200 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 203,885 92,275 111,605 1,665 835 830
Mongolian 180 55 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,545 1,085 1,455 15 0 10
Niger-Congo languages 31,565 16,015 15,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 267,520 131,495 136,025 3,325 1,745 1,575
Akan (Twi) 1,340 755 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,240 12,585 13,660 50 40 15
Bamanankan 1,540 790 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,950 2,570 2,380 225 130 95
Edo 245 115 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,945 2,315 2,630 20 10 10
Éwé 865 505 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,645 2,490 2,165 65 40 20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,730 1,485 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,840 4,100 3,740 200 115 80
Ga 220 145 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,255 1,565 1,685 15 0 10
Ganda 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,650 2,055 2,600 35 15 25
Gikuyu 45 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,850 750 1,100 0 0 0
Igbo 485 280 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,365 9,345 9,020 240 120 125
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,825 855 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,515 6,305 7,210 220 125 95
Lingala 7,315 3,405 3,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,720 12,260 13,460 480 235 240
Luba-Kasai 520 225 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,695 1,300 1,395 45 30 15
Mòoré 620 340 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 1,055 1,035 50 20 30
Mwani 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,080 585 490 0 0 0
Ndebele 115 70 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,140 1,285 20 10 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 2,045 1,010 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,825 7,070 7,755 190 100 90
Shona 245 150 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,280 3,440 3,845 80 50 30
Soninke 465 310 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 650 360 25 20 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,305 580 725 0 0 0
Swahili 3,405 1,710 1,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,295 28,950 28,340 855 415 440
Wojenaka 1,005 510 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,440 1,380 95 65 30
Wolof 4,030 2,185 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,940 6,925 6,015 145 85 60
Yoruba 2,040 1,025 1,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,935 25,265 25,675 705 355 355
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 7,005 3,630 3,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,625 21,935 21,685 545 270 270
Nilo-Saharan languages 705 390 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,090 5,570 5,530 85 30 55
Dinka 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0 0 0
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 690 385 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,425 3,385 85 30 55
African, n.o.s. 425 225 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,760 1,485 1,275 55 25 30
Sign languages 1,985 795 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,535 19,685 29,850 990 355 635
American Sign Language 495 160 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,620 14,430 23,195 855 290 560
Quebec Sign Language 1,345 510 830 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,195 2,525 3,670 10 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 340 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,450 3,515 3,940 145 65 80
Sino-Tibetan languages 56,545 26,095 30,455 30 10 20 0 0 0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 3,695 1,860 1,830
Chinese languages 56,370 26,025 30,340 30 10 20 0 0 0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 3,625 1,840 1,785
Hakka 335 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,830 6,845 7,980 10 10 0
Mandarin 41,405 18,880 22,525 20 10 10 0 0 0 987,300 452,995 534,305 3,180 1,605 1,575
Min Dong 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,825 840 980 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,725 1,170 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,755 22,840 28,920 45 25 25
Wu (Shanghainese) 695 310 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,660 6,060 7,600 90 55 35
Yue (Cantonese) 19,045 8,640 10,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 724,925 335,185 389,740 585 290 295
Chinese, n.o.s. 860 455 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,720 5,695 6,020 65 35 35
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,185 560 625 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 180 60 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,300 10,955 11,345 65 20 45
Burmese 65 10 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0 0 0
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 50 20 35
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 30 0 20
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 395 450 25 10 15
Tibetan 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 890 1,050 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 540 680 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 2,755 1,240 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,705 14,255 19,440 100 20 80
Lao 1,985 965 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,630 8,320 9,310 15 0 10
Thai 1,085 390 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,575 6,955 11,615 95 20 80
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 30 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 330 465 0 0 0
Turkic languages 9,265 4,570 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,375 47,575 43,800 310 185 125
Azerbaijani 520 325 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,875 5,380 4,490 25 10 10
Kazakh 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 600 815 0 0 0
Turkish 8,445 4,105 4,340 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,500 41,130 37,365 275 170 110
Uyghur 205 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,660 790 875 0 0 0
Uzbek 140 85 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 205 90 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,150 980 1,165 30 15 10
Uralic languages 3,265 1,435 1,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,055 39,290 45,765 380 155 225
Estonian 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,315 2,320 2,990 25 15 10
Finnish 245 120 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,325 6,735 8,590 115 30 85
Hungarian 2,945 1,280 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,625 30,320 34,300 240 115 135
Other languages, n.i.e. 425 215 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,545 2,750 2,790 35 15 20
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 560 300 260 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 759,195 373,575 385,615
Indigenous identity45 15,315 7,080 8,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 33,295 16,345 16,955
Single Indigenous responses46 14,315 6,630 7,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 31,810 15,610 16,200
First Nations (North American Indian) 8,065 3,655 4,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 20,960 10,205 10,755
Métis 5,705 2,835 2,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 624,220 306,220 318,000 10,170 5,075 5,090
Inuk (Inuit) 545 135 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,540 34,645 35,895 685 330 350
Multiple Indigenous responses47 305 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,855 13,645 15,215 485 230 255
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 695 305 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,225 16,620 18,610 995 500 500
Non-Indigenous identity 1,707,915 844,530 863,385 605 280 325 560 300 260 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 725,900 357,235 368,660
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 560 300 260 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 759,195 373,575 385,615
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,465 1,570 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 831,720 402,310 429,405 15,285 7,565 7,720
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,719,765 850,040 869,730 610 285 325 560 300 260 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 743,910 366,010 377,900
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Owner 297,340 ... ... 110 ... ... 175 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 246,455 ... ...
Renter 519,020 ... ... 140 ... ... 20 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 88,455 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 2,745 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Condominium 178,700 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 13,175 ... ...
Not condominium 637,660 ... ... 240 ... ... 190 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 324,480 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
No bedrooms 19,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 1,155 ... ...
1 bedroom 254,075 ... ... 35 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 32,570 ... ...
2 bedrooms 284,300 ... ... 65 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 97,215 ... ...
3 bedrooms 194,410 ... ... 135 ... ... 100 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 128,185 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 64,550 ... ... 15 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 78,525 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 473,475 ... ... 60 ... ... 40 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 77,525 ... ...
5 rooms 155,105 ... ... 110 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 60,295 ... ...
6 rooms 69,335 ... ... 50 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 56,105 ... ...
7 rooms 48,130 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 45,110 ... ...
8 or more rooms 70,315 ... ... 25 ... ... 45 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 98,615 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.5 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 6.4 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 789,745 ... ... 235 ... ... 175 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 335,255 ... ...
More than one person per room 26,615 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 2,400 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Suitable 745,905 ... ... 235 ... ... 175 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 328,595 ... ...
Not suitable 70,450 ... ... 15 ... ... 15 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 9,060 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
1960 or before 293,880 ... ... 75 ... ... 65 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 74,095 ... ...
1961 to 1980 248,030 ... ... 165 ... ... 45 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 101,070 ... ...
1981 to 1990 89,700 ... ... 10 ... ... 60 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 47,310 ... ...
1991 to 2000 57,865 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 42,140 ... ...
2001 to 2005 28,770 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 18,995 ... ...
2006 to 2010 30,795 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 21,755 ... ...
2011 to 2015 33,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 17,470 ... ...
2016 to 202157 34,235 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 14,820 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 746,280 ... ... 225 ... ... 160 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 311,405 ... ...
Major repairs needed 70,075 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 26,245 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
One-maintainer household 494,140 ... ... 145 ... ... 80 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 179,355 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 291,245 ... ... 95 ... ... 100 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 149,280 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,970 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 9,020 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
15 to 24 years 39,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 10,740 ... ...
25 to 34 years 154,835 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 40,195 ... ...
35 to 44 years 156,945 ... ... 60 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 50,205 ... ...
45 to 54 years 137,925 ... ... 35 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 56,585 ... ...
55 to 64 years 137,110 ... ... 60 ... ... 45 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 71,225 ... ...
65 to 74 years 105,800 ... ... 30 ... ... 55 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 64,275 ... ...
75 to 84 years 59,160 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 33,670 ... ...
85 years and over 24,920 ... ... 20 ... ... 0 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 10,755 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 808,950 ... ... 250 ... ... 195 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 332,185 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 612,990 ... ... 215 ... ... 165 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 289,265 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 195,960 ... ... 35 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 42,920 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 171,990 ... ... 35 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 39,425 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 816,355 ... ... 250 ... ... 190 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 337,650 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 301,530 ... ... 60 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 72,620 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 168,425 ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 38,410 ... ...
Not suitable only 52,965 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 7,360 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 46,120 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 21,335 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 10,065 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 605 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 16,530 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 3,815 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 6,480 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 1,000 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 940 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 85 ... ...
Acceptable housing 514,825 ... ... 190 ... ... 125 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 265,035 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 784,980 ... ... 250 ... ... 185 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 328,690 ... ...
In core need 82,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 20,245 ... ...
Not in core need 702,815 ... ... 240 ... ... 185 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 308,450 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 297,340 ... ... 115 ... ... 175 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 245,105 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.5 ... ... 43.5 ... ... 71.4 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 54.6 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 18.0 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 14.3 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 7.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,360 ... ... 890 ... ... 1,410 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 770 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,532 ... ... 1,400 ... ... 1,330 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 935 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 500,000 ... ... 600,000 ... ... 348,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 584,500 ... ... 560,000 ... ... 356,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 207,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 519,015 ... ... 135 ... ... 15 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 88,190 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 13.2 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 27.8 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 28.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 20.0 ... ... 13.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 870 ... ... 940 ... ... x ... ... 1,070 ... ... 830 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 969 ... ... 960 ... ... 1,200 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 870 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 2,745 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... 1.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... 0 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... 112 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,723,230 851,615 871,620 610 285 325 560 300 265 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 759,195 373,580 385,615
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 8,560 3,785 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 985,200 480,950 504,245 19,065 9,425 9,640
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 8,395 3,715 4,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 963,705 470,850 492,855 18,870 9,325 9,550
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 7,165 3,225 3,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 763,230 371,400 391,825 15,490 7,650 7,835
Métis single ancestry 880 380 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 146,010 72,680 73,325 3,040 1,530 1,515
Inuit single ancestry 350 110 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,475 26,770 27,700 340 140 195
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,490 10,095 11,395 200 105 95
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,665 8,215 9,450 150 75 75
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 70 20 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,430 1,185 1,250 35 25 10
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 530 535 15 0 10
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 0 0 0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 28,175 12,775 15,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 28,105 13,485 14,620
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 27,945 12,705 15,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 27,515 13,210 14,300
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25,185 11,485 13,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 801,630 384,550 417,075 21,290 10,215 11,070
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,455 1,140 1,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 362,130 174,975 187,150 5,790 2,755 3,035
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 310 80 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,595 9,450 10,150 440 240 200
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 225 70 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,930 16,605 19,320 595 275 315
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 195 60 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,815 14,790 17,025 395 200 200
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,785 1,190 1,595 140 65 75
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 45 15 30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 125 210 10 0 10
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,686,490 835,050 851,435 610 285 325 555 300 260 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 712,025 350,665 361,355
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 565 300 265 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 759,195 373,580 385,615
Canadian citizens77 1,434,570 703,030 731,545 510 225 285 535 280 250 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 726,255 356,640 369,615
Canadian citizens aged under 18 279,730 142,810 136,925 70 25 40 130 70 60 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 127,475 65,130 62,345
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 1,154,835 560,215 594,620 445 200 245 400 215 190 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 598,780 291,515 307,265
Not Canadian citizens78 288,660 148,585 140,075 100 65 35 30 20 15 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 32,945 16,935 16,005
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 565 300 265 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 759,195 373,580 385,615
Non-immigrants80 1,017,325 502,500 514,820 340 160 185 345 190 155 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 704,215 346,090 358,125
Immigrants81 576,120 278,025 298,100 245 120 125 215 110 105 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 44,120 21,485 22,635
Before 1980 87,415 40,730 46,685 15 10 10 55 30 30 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 10,030 4,655 5,375
1980 to 1990 59,835 29,275 30,555 30 10 20 30 20 10 924,320 443,805 480,520 2,750 1,310 1,440
1991 to 2000 95,220 45,340 49,880 35 10 20 35 15 20 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 2,955 1,340 1,615
2001 to 2010 139,575 67,480 72,090 65 30 35 65 40 30 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 6,605 3,220 3,385
2011 to 202182 194,080 95,195 98,885 100 60 40 30 15 20 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 21,785 10,965 10,820
2011 to 2015 90,040 43,785 46,255 30 15 15 30 15 20 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 5,745 2,745 2,995
2016 to 2021 104,040 51,410 52,630 65 45 25 0 0 0 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 16,040 8,220 7,825
Non-permanent residents83 129,780 71,085 58,695 20 10 15 0 0 0 924,850 499,490 425,365 10,860 6,000 4,855
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 576,125 278,025 298,100 245 120 125 215 110 105 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 44,125 21,485 22,635
Under 5 years 45,920 23,340 22,575 15 15 0 20 0 15 748,265 377,795 370,470 5,660 2,855 2,810
5 to 14 years 90,130 45,385 44,740 50 30 15 40 30 10 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 9,190 4,520 4,675
15 to 24 years 104,655 46,955 57,705 50 10 40 30 15 15 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 6,485 2,900 3,580
25 to 44 years 290,245 141,865 148,380 100 50 50 110 50 60 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 19,090 9,125 9,965
45 years and over 45,170 20,475 24,700 30 10 25 20 10 15 797,180 364,260 432,920 3,705 2,090 1,610
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 576,125 278,025 298,100 245 120 125 215 110 105 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 44,125 21,485 22,635
Americas 127,690 58,995 68,690 55 20 35 150 70 85 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 9,535 4,230 5,300
Brazil 3,760 1,770 1,990 20 10 10 0 0 0 48,450 22,405 26,050 240 115 125
Colombia 8,195 3,835 4,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,570 36,675 43,900 250 110 135
El Salvador 6,400 3,265 3,130 0 0 0 15 15 0 49,450 24,430 25,015 70 30 35
Guyana 1,350 660 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 85,530 37,870 47,660 110 40 70
Haiti 47,555 21,110 26,445 0 0 0 95 40 55 99,945 44,585 55,360 260 110 150
Jamaica 2,670 1,090 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,360 63,430 81,925 395 150 245
Mexico 8,225 4,005 4,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 90,585 42,215 48,370 345 140 205
Peru 6,715 3,060 3,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,420 13,925 17,490 85 30 55
Trinidad and Tobago 2,120 970 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,035 29,110 35,930 155 80 75
United States of America 10,180 5,260 4,920 0 0 0 10 0 0 256,090 115,380 140,705 6,475 2,855 3,625
Other places of birth in Americas 30,520 13,985 16,535 0 0 0 25 10 20 250,760 116,305 134,460 1,150 570 580
Europe 137,155 66,390 70,765 30 20 10 25 10 15 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 12,295 6,060 6,230
Bosnia and Herzegovina 780 390 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,925 17,705 18,220 95 45 50
Croatia 760 390 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,675 18,115 18,560 75 45 35
France 39,280 20,790 18,485 0 0 0 0 0 0 121,525 63,845 57,685 1,070 530 540
Germany 2,480 1,285 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 126,470 60,560 65,915 1,400 610 790
Greece 7,730 3,445 4,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,715 27,050 27,665 70 40 25
Hungary 1,365 650 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,050 14,595 16,450 115 55 60
Italy 30,215 14,095 16,120 10 0 0 15 10 0 204,065 101,445 102,625 305 170 135
Netherlands 500 310 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,830 39,020 36,810 740 410 325
Poland 4,685 1,965 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,030 60,660 74,370 215 100 110
Portugal 7,715 3,520 4,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,795 62,880 65,910 140 105 35
Romania 9,655 4,440 5,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,770 40,820 45,955 440 200 235
Russian Federation 5,520 2,235 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,840 35,185 46,650 465 215 245
Serbia86 675 320 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,925 15,480 16,450 120 70 50
Ukraine 4,385 1,940 2,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,135 36,840 44,295 710 340 370
United Kingdom87 4,005 2,245 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 464,135 229,710 234,430 4,910 2,450 2,460
Other places of birth in Europe 17,395 8,365 9,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 271,725 131,935 139,790 1,425 670 750
Africa 140,555 71,665 68,890 80 50 35 35 20 10 821,735 412,365 409,375 5,600 2,985 2,615
Algeria 43,840 22,680 21,165 65 35 25 15 0 0 79,660 41,065 38,600 230 120 110
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,025 2,765 3,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,110 15,775 17,340 615 275 345
Egypt 9,400 4,720 4,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,710 38,730 34,980 610 355 255
Eritrea 495 250 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,385 16,575 14,815 65 45 25
Ethiopia 660 305 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,715 19,955 21,760 75 30 45
Morocco 33,005 16,490 16,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,775 41,085 40,685 460 265 195
Nigeria 1,200 630 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,290 41,665 39,620 975 510 470
Somalia 400 200 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,500 14,600 17,900 70 40 35
South Africa, Republic of 415 275 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,590 25,740 25,855 300 145 160
Other places of birth in Africa 45,115 23,355 21,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 314,995 157,170 157,825 2,190 1,205 985
Asia 169,860 80,480 89,375 80 30 45 0 0 0 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 16,375 8,050 8,325
Afghanistan 1,100 570 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 62,450 30,940 31,515 30 10 15
Iran88 9,815 4,825 4,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,940 92,300 90,645 520 295 225
Iraq 1,610 890 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 84,130 42,660 41,465 150 85 65
Lebanon 17,455 9,230 8,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 95,725 50,675 45,055 500 275 230
Syria89 12,040 6,095 5,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,590 49,855 47,735 1,890 1,015 870
Turkey 4,010 2,020 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,270 18,835 16,435 135 85 50
China90 26,330 11,650 14,680 20 10 0 0 0 0 715,835 317,970 397,860 2,125 1,025 1,105
Hong Kong91 2,375 1,130 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 213,855 100,480 113,375 155 100 50
Korea, South92 2,680 1,185 1,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,355 63,025 75,325 1,180 575 605
Taiwan 1,265 540 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,365 28,725 36,635 50 10 40
Philippines 20,475 7,940 12,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 719,580 305,115 414,460 3,780 1,575 2,210
Viet Nam 16,395 7,460 8,935 30 10 20 0 0 0 182,095 82,670 99,425 710 370 345
Bangladesh 7,035 3,560 3,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,090 35,675 34,415 310 170 140
India 13,570 7,040 6,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 898,050 451,120 446,930 2,265 1,250 1,020
Pakistan 5,730 3,040 2,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 234,105 118,390 115,715 520 270 250
Sri Lanka 6,965 3,425 3,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 136,240 66,215 70,030 145 90 60
Other places of birth in Asia 21,010 9,890 11,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 375,340 175,930 199,410 1,900 855 1,050
Oceania and other places of birth93 860 485 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,965 31,055 30,910 325 165 165
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 104,040 51,410 52,625 70 40 25 0 0 0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 16,040 8,220 7,825
Americas 15,850 7,650 8,205 15 10 10 0 0 0 154,490 74,275 80,215 1,640 790 850
Brazil 1,105 455 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,895 9,340 10,560 160 80 75
Colombia 1,260 575 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,455 5,090 6,365 30 25 10
Haiti 5,495 2,700 2,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,550 5,155 5,400 75 35 40
Jamaica 135 70 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,155 7,740 7,420 205 85 120
Mexico 1,320 690 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,150 8,405 8,745 200 80 120
United States of America 2,255 1,165 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,875 19,790 20,085 610 320 285
Venezuela95 915 355 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,060 2,980 4,075 70 30 35
Other places of birth in Americas 3,375 1,630 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,350 15,785 17,570 295 135 155
Europe 17,760 9,335 8,425 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,425 69,310 65,120 1,955 1,015 935
France 11,735 6,290 5,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,175 14,560 12,610 390 195 200
Germany 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,365 2,660 2,705 65 30 30
Ireland96 55 45 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,355 4,000 2,350 10 0 0
Italy 420 260 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,240 2,470 1,770 40 25 10
Russian Federation 625 235 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,905 4,335 6,570 190 90 95
Ukraine 750 355 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,515 6,570 7,945 475 250 225
United Kingdom87 480 290 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,755 13,550 9,200 255 160 95
Other places of birth in Europe 3,465 1,725 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,120 21,160 21,960 535 260 270
Africa 34,835 17,255 17,575 20 10 10 0 0 0 206,965 102,875 104,090 3,500 1,850 1,650
Algeria 10,085 4,925 5,160 20 10 10 0 0 0 15,745 7,530 8,220 145 60 80
Burundi 715 385 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,935 2,420 2,510 95 55 35
Cameroon 3,555 1,730 1,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,795 5,545 6,250 130 65 60
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,490 645 845 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,915 4,200 4,720 365 150 220
Côte d'Ivoire 1,625 785 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,915 3,795 4,125 85 40 45
Egypt 1,470 795 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,120 6,285 5,835 440 250 190
Eritrea 275 145 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,330 8,755 7,575 35 20 10
Ethiopia 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,385 4,415 4,970 25 15 10
Morocco 5,375 2,535 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,835 6,025 6,810 275 155 120
Nigeria 550 310 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,360 20,575 19,780 905 465 440
Somalia 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,315 3,240 3,075 50 20 25
South Africa, Republic of 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,510 4,290 4,220 100 40 60
Sudan97 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,690 2,375 2,315 155 90 70
Tunisia 3,360 1,755 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,155 4,185 3,975 110 70 40
Other places of birth in Africa 6,015 3,075 2,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,960 19,250 19,715 595 350 245
Asia 35,290 16,975 18,315 15 10 10 0 0 0 823,205 393,110 430,090 8,880 4,545 4,335
Afghanistan 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,730 6,290 6,440 0 0 0
Bangladesh 960 465 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,185 6,670 6,515 195 95 95
China90 4,960 2,085 2,875 15 10 10 0 0 0 118,035 50,365 67,665 970 505 470
Hong Kong91 55 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0 0 0
India 5,690 3,035 2,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 246,995 128,205 118,790 1,370 805 560
Iran88 2,275 1,025 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,650 12,310 13,340 165 90 75
Iraq 245 145 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,715 8,835 8,875 55 30 20
Israel 145 90 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,850 2,565 2,290 185 100 85
Japan 185 55 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,445 1,035 3,410 20 0 15
Jordan 355 160 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,635 2,375 2,260 140 80 60
Korea, South92 750 320 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,985 8,790 12,200 255 135 120
Lebanon 1,710 930 775 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,980 5,120 4,860 130 65 60
Nepal 180 110 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,890 2,475 2,415 115 50 65
Pakistan 1,030 520 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,255 18,070 18,190 225 110 110
Philippines 5,730 2,455 3,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 151,490 66,720 84,765 2,330 1,080 1,250
Saudi Arabia 860 540 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,560 5,195 4,365 110 50 60
Sri Lanka 500 205 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,480 4,010 4,465 60 35 25
Syria89 5,895 3,065 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 63,130 32,725 30,410 1,705 910 795
Turkey 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,150 5,520 4,635 60 30 30
United Arab Emirates 580 290 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,405 4,325 4,085 245 105 140
Viet Nam 910 395 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,725 5,605 9,125 315 160 155
Other places of birth in Asia 1,565 680 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,410 13,035 17,375 240 100 140
Oceania and other93 305 195 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,160 5,335 3,825 65 20 50
Australia 195 125 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,535 3,845 2,685 60 10 50
Other places of birth98 110 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0 0 0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 560 300 260 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 759,195 373,580 385,615
First generation100 725,270 358,390 366,885 270 130 140 215 115 105 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 61,085 30,330 30,760
Second generation101 361,130 181,485 179,645 115 45 70 185 105 80 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 45,550 22,465 23,085
Third generation or more102 636,825 311,740 325,090 225 110 115 160 80 75 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 652,555 320,785 331,765
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 488,705 237,295 251,410 230 110 120 160 85 80 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 34,090 16,835 17,255
Economic immigrants104 267,215 137,555 129,660 145 80 70 80 40 40 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 22,310 11,390 10,920
Principal applicants105 135,610 78,460 57,150 45 25 25 40 20 20 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 8,870 5,785 3,085
Secondary applicants106 131,610 59,100 72,515 95 50 45 40 25 15 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 13,440 5,610 7,835
Immigrants sponsored by family107 133,215 54,390 78,825 30 10 20 50 25 30 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 6,985 2,875 4,115
Refugees108 79,320 41,035 38,285 45 20 20 20 15 0 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 4,595 2,450 2,140
Other immigrants109 8,955 4,310 4,645 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,900 42,145 49,755 200 120 80
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 488,705 237,295 251,410 230 110 120 160 85 80 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 34,090 16,835 17,255
Asylum claim before admission111 50,275 26,560 23,710 30 0 20 15 10 0 416,105 222,895 193,205 430 275 150
Work permits only before admission112 50,365 23,725 26,640 10 0 0 20 10 0 705,405 324,370 381,035 5,515 2,815 2,700
Study permits only before admission113 11,765 6,105 5,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 183,250 92,135 91,110 1,450 695 750
Work and study permits before admission114 25,200 14,095 11,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 377,130 188,535 188,590 2,390 1,385 1,005
Other permits before admission115 4,400 1,875 2,525 0 0 0 10 10 0 39,540 15,685 23,855 315 115 200
No pre-admission experience116 346,705 164,930 181,775 190 100 90 125 55 70 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 23,995 11,555 12,440
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 610 285 325 560 300 260 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 759,195 373,575 385,615
Total visible minority population118 668,975 330,800 338,175 205 95 115 305 155 150 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 44,205 22,390 21,815
South Asian 79,670 42,620 37,050 35 15 15 0 0 0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 8,630 4,800 3,830
Chinese 56,935 26,075 30,860 40 10 30 0 0 0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 4,085 1,970 2,120
Black 198,610 96,350 102,255 25 15 10 195 95 100 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 12,155 6,025 6,130
Filipino 27,355 11,555 15,805 0 0 0 0 0 0 957,355 427,755 529,600 5,190 2,275 2,915
Arab 141,935 74,355 67,585 15 10 0 25 25 0 694,015 362,845 331,170 5,060 2,745 2,310
Latin American 78,150 38,450 39,705 45 20 25 70 30 40 580,235 281,030 299,200 2,450 1,130 1,325
Southeast Asian 37,905 17,950 19,955 40 20 20 0 0 0 390,340 184,120 206,220 1,890 965 925
West Asian 17,500 8,735 8,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 360,495 181,795 178,695 915 515 400
Korean 5,245 2,365 2,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 218,140 101,855 116,285 1,655 865 790
Japanese 2,645 1,045 1,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,890 42,315 56,575 250 90 165
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,470 2,675 2,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 172,885 83,310 89,580 550 295 255
Multiple visible minorities 17,540 8,615 8,920 0 0 0 10 10 0 331,805 160,790 171,010 1,375 725 655
Not a visible minority120 1,054,255 520,810 533,445 400 195 215 255 145 115 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 714,990 351,185 363,800
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 610 290 325 565 300 260 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 759,195 373,580 385,615
Canadian 216,645 104,085 112,565 75 25 50 55 20 35 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 174,910 85,815 89,095
English 43,185 22,080 21,110 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 137,145 66,235 70,915
Irish 80,635 38,520 42,120 30 20 10 20 10 10 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 155,915 73,665 82,250
Scottish 44,880 21,650 23,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 134,350 65,315 69,035
French, n.o.s.122 307,670 155,535 152,135 90 60 30 20 10 10 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 118,205 57,185 61,020
German 31,730 15,215 16,510 0 0 0 10 0 0 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 33,200 16,080 17,120
Chinese 61,715 28,350 33,365 40 15 30 0 0 0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 4,600 2,285 2,325
Italian 135,430 66,225 69,205 25 10 15 65 40 25 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 8,255 4,115 4,135
Indian (India) 36,920 19,740 17,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 5,655 3,075 2,580
Ukrainian 14,865 7,080 7,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 4,600 2,195 2,400
Dutch 6,520 3,225 3,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 988,585 489,045 499,545 13,310 6,485 6,825
Polish 23,515 11,460 12,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 982,820 472,290 510,525 3,815 1,945 1,865
Québécois 103,145 51,885 51,265 35 10 30 75 45 25 981,635 490,130 491,510 5,415 2,730 2,685
British Isles, n.o.s.123 11,665 6,000 5,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 938,950 462,420 476,530 16,630 8,270 8,355
Filipino 26,105 11,050 15,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 925,490 414,915 510,570 4,960 2,190 2,770
French Canadian 59,380 28,470 30,910 35 15 15 0 0 0 906,315 441,610 464,705 18,650 9,070 9,575
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 19,910 10,385 9,530 0 0 0 0 0 0 691,260 347,080 344,175 40,845 19,950 20,900
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15,970 7,210 8,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 632,340 304,220 328,120 13,550 6,430 7,120
Métis 3,645 1,645 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 560,335 271,985 288,350 9,445 4,575 4,870
European, n.o.s.126 22,450 11,380 11,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 551,910 278,060 273,850 11,565 5,650 5,910
Russian 20,180 9,420 10,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 548,140 260,075 288,065 2,600 1,270 1,325
Norwegian 2,370 1,150 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 466,500 224,290 242,210 3,640 1,720 1,920
Welsh 3,345 1,715 1,630 0 0 0 0 0 0 455,720 216,490 239,230 11,500 5,395 6,100
Portuguese 23,120 11,280 11,840 30 15 15 0 0 0 448,305 222,770 225,535 2,095 1,000 1,090
American 11,970 5,910 6,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 353,495 172,240 181,255 7,185 3,510 3,680
Spanish 31,535 15,600 15,940 0 0 0 35 25 15 342,040 160,475 181,570 3,060 1,435 1,625
Swedish 2,500 1,180 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 334,505 156,840 177,665 2,710 1,300 1,415
Hungarian 9,065 4,385 4,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 320,150 155,755 164,395 1,370 720 655
Acadian 11,725 5,325 6,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,170 145,500 159,675 108,375 52,655 55,720
Pakistani 9,080 4,870 4,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 303,260 154,435 148,825 835 435 405
African, n.o.s.127 33,155 16,460 16,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,955 148,335 153,625 3,255 1,535 1,725
Jewish 26,680 13,550 13,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 282,015 141,530 140,490 1,685 820 865
Punjabi 5,655 3,385 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,950 145,620 134,330 575 350 225
Vietnamese 26,955 12,890 14,070 35 15 20 0 0 0 275,530 131,075 144,445 1,295 670 620
Arab, n.o.s.128 52,935 28,050 24,885 0 0 0 0 0 0 263,710 138,210 125,500 1,955 1,085 865
Greek 26,980 13,250 13,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,140 132,975 129,160 1,260 700 565
Jamaican 5,905 2,760 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 249,070 119,265 129,805 835 405 430
Asian, n.o.s.129 8,475 3,860 4,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 226,220 107,785 118,435 1,150 550 600
Cree, n.o.s.130 780 355 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,855 105,825 114,030 720 300 420
Korean 5,445 2,485 2,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 217,650 101,805 115,845 1,480 775 705
Romanian 16,255 7,785 8,470 0 0 0 0 0 0 215,885 103,720 112,165 1,025 485 535
Lebanese 30,115 15,635 14,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 210,605 107,990 102,615 3,440 1,700 1,740
Iranian 12,890 6,310 6,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,465 100,790 99,675 630 320 305
Christian, n.i.e.131 11,615 5,780 5,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 200,340 99,800 100,540 3,025 1,510 1,515
Danish 1,820 845 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,945 96,220 100,725 4,170 2,185 1,985
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 3,710 1,705 2,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,840 94,035 100,810 5,675 2,820 2,855
Sikh 3,335 1,775 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 194,640 101,255 93,385 475 295 180
Austrian 3,485 1,725 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 189,535 92,740 96,800 945 500 445
Belgian 10,940 5,520 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 182,175 90,150 92,030 1,500 755 745
Haitian 80,485 37,710 42,775 10 0 0 190 95 90 178,990 84,510 94,490 465 210 250
Hindu 5,610 3,195 2,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 166,160 87,665 78,495 570 365 205
Mexican 15,365 7,685 7,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,495 77,435 78,055 985 520 470
Mennonite 385 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,095 77,735 77,360 320 140 175
Swiss 5,470 2,695 2,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 145,570 72,015 73,555 995 465 535
Finnish 1,000 425 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,055 69,270 74,785 850 415 430
Sri Lankan 7,720 3,820 3,905 0 0 0 0 0 0 132,410 65,175 67,240 210 100 110
Croatian 2,230 1,080 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 130,820 64,915 65,905 365 175 190
Japanese 3,565 1,490 2,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 129,425 56,850 72,580 440 175 270
South Asian, n.o.s.133 1,770 970 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,125 60,575 59,550 205 115 95
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 2,310 1,015 1,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 111,605 53,700 57,905 12,655 6,215 6,440
Northern European, n.o.s.135 1,300 685 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 110,735 54,730 56,005 1,930 915 1,020
Muslim 8,530 4,530 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,620 54,095 51,525 640 385 260
Egyptian 13,040 6,810 6,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,245 55,230 50,020 840 450 390
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 12,215 6,250 5,965 0 0 0 15 10 0 104,765 51,375 53,395 360 140 225
Tamil 4,835 2,245 2,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,170 51,165 51,005 260 145 115
Icelandic 345 205 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 101,990 50,370 51,620 400 230 170
Colombian 11,580 5,525 6,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,555 47,995 52,560 300 140 155
Moroccan 37,360 19,125 18,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,980 50,835 49,150 575 330 245
Czech 2,395 1,080 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,925 47,495 51,430 395 180 220
Syrian 13,935 6,830 7,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,250 49,385 48,865 1,835 885 950
Guyanese 1,650 815 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 97,210 46,270 50,940 170 80 90
Afghan 1,885 1,005 885 0 0 0 0 0 0 96,810 48,255 48,550 55 15 40
Black, n.o.s.137 7,275 3,530 3,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 94,585 44,335 50,250 1,120 440 680
Serbian 1,755 835 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 93,360 46,945 46,410 280 150 130
Ojibway 250 130 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 92,220 44,610 47,600 365 170 200
Newfoundlander 390 230 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 91,670 45,665 46,005 2,385 1,230 1,155
Hong Konger 1,000 460 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,680 39,485 42,195 55 40 15
Ontarian 795 370 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,555 39,675 40,880 795 390 410
Persian 4,285 2,325 1,955 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,340 41,415 38,925 215 135 80
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,925 1,500 1,425 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,405 37,655 39,750 365 190 170
Turkish 8,160 4,055 4,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,745 39,955 36,795 320 200 120
Inuit, n.o.s.138 775 220 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,675 37,315 39,365 990 480 505
Bangladeshi 8,790 4,475 4,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,425 39,085 36,335 320 185 135
Algerian 40,570 21,135 19,435 15 10 10 0 0 0 73,770 38,035 35,740 260 160 100
Brazilian 6,440 3,085 3,355 30 20 10 0 0 0 71,755 34,670 37,085 705 350 355
Nigerian 1,780 820 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 69,540 34,680 34,860 640 335 310
Armenian 10,715 5,120 5,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,850 34,105 34,745 275 150 120
Slovak 1,375 640 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,210 33,475 34,740 255 130 125
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,990 1,430 1,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,780 31,525 35,255 580 280 300
Somali 1,155 550 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,555 31,555 33,995 135 70 65
Taiwanese 1,860 860 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,020 29,280 34,740 45 0 45
Iraqi 1,770 975 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,300 29,865 29,435 175 80 95
Salvadorean 9,125 4,430 4,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,280 29,150 30,130 115 70 50
African Caribbean 5,045 2,265 2,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,050 26,385 32,670 325 130 195
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 1,775 775 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,870 27,845 31,025 165 85 80
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 3,005 1,655 1,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,840 30,560 28,280 330 155 180
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 4,900 2,065 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,195 25,715 31,475 235 105 125
Algonquin 1,725 860 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,070 27,025 29,040 270 160 105
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,900 775 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,085 23,685 28,395 250 120 125
Lithuanian 2,110 930 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,040 24,510 27,530 390 180 210
South African 465 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,840 24,885 24,955 325 175 145
Australian 830 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,765 24,165 22,595 395 210 185
Palestinian 3,525 1,890 1,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,905 23,930 21,975 190 115 70
Chilean 6,025 2,985 3,040 10 10 0 0 0 0 45,685 22,520 23,165 230 110 120
Congolese 9,965 4,820 5,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,260 22,000 23,260 720 345 375
Nova Scotian 505 225 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,720 21,700 23,025 1,680 825 855
Ethiopian 965 495 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,545 20,675 21,875 135 50 85
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 3,165 1,615 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,405 20,105 22,300 170 80 90
Peruvian 8,415 3,870 4,545 10 0 0 0 0 0 42,295 19,925 22,370 140 85 50
Yoruba 1,710 940 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,075 21,740 20,330 575 320 255
Cambodian (Khmer) 8,775 4,125 4,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,950 19,835 22,115 85 50 35
Berber 19,835 10,545 9,290 60 30 30 0 0 0 41,700 22,325 19,370 100 70 30
Albanian 2,560 1,300 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,620 21,050 20,570 115 40 75
Maltese 360 200 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,670 20,210 20,455 125 75 50
Macedonian 325 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,440 19,500 19,940 125 50 75
Slovenian 825 365 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,595 18,785 19,815 80 45 35
Western European, n.o.s.145 2,185 1,225 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,520 18,935 19,585 840 420 415
New Brunswicker 850 430 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,670 18,235 19,435 22,365 10,950 11,415
Gujarati 880 475 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,970 19,580 17,385 50 45 10
Eritrean 615 305 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,290 18,185 18,110 115 65 50
African Canadian 1,290 680 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,395 17,140 18,250 640 270 365
Israeli 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,345 18,410 16,940 285 185 100
Mohawk 1,345 600 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,330 16,485 16,845 200 110 90
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 550 235 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,135 15,355 17,775 125 55 75
Bulgarian 4,040 1,955 2,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,085 16,235 16,850 275 115 160
Albertan 100 35 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,575 16,525 16,055 85 35 55
Ghanaian 1,735 925 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,720 15,650 16,065 135 65 70
Barbadian 2,410 1,195 1,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,440 15,265 16,175 165 90 70
African American 1,600 790 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,430 15,700 15,730 735 390 350
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 825 450 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,565 14,635 15,930 125 55 65
Tunisian 11,510 6,360 5,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,465 16,585 13,875 190 100 80
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,350 615 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,220 15,225 14,995 180 90 85
Cuban 3,770 1,915 1,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,065 14,830 15,235 215 115 105
Bosnian 510 245 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,490 14,320 14,170 85 45 40
Venezuelan 3,895 1,730 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,395 13,220 15,175 115 55 60
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 1,610 705 905 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,225 13,490 14,735 105 60 45
Latvian 625 330 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,140 13,515 14,620 180 95 85
Bengali 3,570 1,775 1,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,675 13,830 12,850 90 45 45
Cameroonian 6,740 3,360 3,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,535 12,960 13,580 430 235 200
Guatemalan 4,875 2,545 2,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,460 13,920 12,540 120 40 80
Indonesian 1,000 455 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,330 11,910 14,415 225 85 145
Laotian 2,510 1,280 1,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,875 12,500 13,375 25 15 15
Ilocano 1,085 525 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,575 11,860 13,715 95 40 55
Northern Irish 310 160 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,200 12,495 12,710 305 160 150
Celtic, n.o.s.150 585 295 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,420 12,265 12,155 900 455 445
British Columbian 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,325 12,230 12,095 75 55 20
Ecuadorian 1,190 565 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,255 11,510 12,745 80 25 50
Franco Ontarian 675 355 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,110 11,540 12,570 105 50 55
Argentinian 2,545 1,310 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,500 11,665 11,840 100 35 65
Estonian 365 215 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,455 11,080 12,375 195 85 105
Kurdish 1,470 840 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,130 12,670 10,460 40 15 25
Fijian 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,020 11,040 11,980 30 20 10
Jatt 390 185 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,695 11,090 25 15 10
North American, n.o.s.151 715 370 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,785 11,680 11,105 890 425 465
Coptic 2,240 1,170 1,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,570 11,405 11,165 65 25 40
Thai 1,150 395 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,275 8,525 13,750 135 35 95
Dominican 5,245 2,460 2,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,125 10,615 11,510 125 50 80
Nepali 430 240 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,975 11,215 10,765 155 80 75
Kabyle 10,940 5,660 5,275 0 0 0 15 0 10 20,565 10,595 9,975 90 45 45
Assyrian 345 150 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,685 9,730 9,955 10 0 0
Igbo 565 325 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,305 9,890 9,415 220 120 105
Byelorussian 1,090 555 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,850 9,055 9,795 140 75 65
Dene, n.o.s.152 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,745 9,030 9,710 20 0 10
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 100 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,545 8,975 9,570 180 105 70
Abenaki 1,685 750 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,420 8,545 9,870 135 60 75
Moldovan 3,295 1,630 1,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 8,850 9,340 95 50 45
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 1,120 500 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,955 8,625 9,330 135 40 90
New Zealander 265 150 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,755 9,275 8,470 160 75 90
Sudanese 300 155 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,485 8,825 8,665 240 135 100
Breton 3,775 1,765 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,465 8,710 8,755 180 75 105
Pennsylvania Dutch 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,315 7,300 10,020 105 50 55
Malaysian 375 205 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,050 7,935 9,115 95 50 40
Plains Cree 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,570 8,255 8,310 15 15 0
North African, n.o.s.155 5,440 2,890 2,545 15 15 0 0 0 0 16,315 8,565 7,750 115 60 55
Huron (Wendat) 1,425 655 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,910 7,715 8,195 100 40 55
Saskatchewanian 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,780 7,505 8,280 75 30 40
Buddhist 690 295 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,660 7,485 8,175 30 0 20
Gaspesian 1,565 705 860 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,650 7,290 8,360 250 120 130
Norman 1,850 905 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,340 8,155 7,190 245 135 105
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 260 105 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,055 7,180 7,875 30 25 10
Ivorian 3,370 1,610 1,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,010 7,255 7,755 155 65 90
Saulteaux 35 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,265 6,730 7,535 35 10 25
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 140 60 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,260 6,525 7,735 60 25 35
Burundian 2,120 1,025 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,110 6,810 7,295 150 70 75
Tigrinya 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0 0 0
Nicaraguan 1,255 630 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,840 6,730 7,120 25 10 10
Mauritian 1,955 1,080 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,755 7,020 6,730 95 55 45
Kenyan 210 95 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,565 6,510 7,055 50 15 30
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0 0 0
Vincentian 2,215 885 1,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,245 5,800 7,445 40 25 15
Jordanian 770 430 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,225 7,055 6,170 75 40 35
Manitoban 110 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,095 6,530 6,565 45 30 25
Cape Bretoner 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,065 6,175 6,885 530 260 275
Rwandan 2,125 975 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 6,150 6,740 185 95 85
Grenadian 910 350 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 5,965 6,930 30 10 15
Malayali 335 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,490 6,580 5,910 105 60 45
Chaldean 110 40 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0 0 0
Sinhalese 310 150 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,080 5,905 6,170 60 35 25
Mayan 1,695 900 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,710 5,980 5,730 70 35 35
Honduran 2,260 1,015 1,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,920 5,370 5,550 60 35 25
Cherokee 195 90 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 5,080 5,745 170 60 110
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 140 50 90
Indo-Caribbean 280 135 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,490 4,710 5,775 75 45 30
Flemish 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,275 4,950 5,325 185 85 105
United Empire Loyalist 90 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,015 4,975 5,045 670 330 340
Senegalese 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,955 5,115 4,840 75 35 40
Azerbaijani 510 260 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,915 5,165 4,750 10 0 0
Sicilian 970 495 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,835 5,135 4,695 65 40 15
Pashtun 475 245 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0 0 0
Malay 300 135 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,795 4,725 5,065 60 25 40
Goan 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,700 4,710 4,990 15 10 10
Bantu, n.o.s.158 1,635 815 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,455 4,705 4,755 165 90 75
Tibetan 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0 0 0
Zimbabwean 180 105 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,165 4,435 4,725 60 30 25
Burmese 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,150 4,385 4,760 30 15 20
Mongolian 480 210 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,090 4,240 4,850 80 55 25
Azorean 730 310 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,970 4,235 4,735 10 10 0
Atikamekw 325 145 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0 0 0
Bamileke 2,160 1,115 1,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,315 4,220 4,090 215 120 90
Indo-Guyanese 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,310 3,765 4,545 15 10 0
Ugandan 100 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,285 3,910 4,375 40 20 20
Oromo 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0 0 0
Tanzanian 175 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,140 3,945 4,195 35 20 15
Yemeni 515 275 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,115 3,995 4,130 20 0 15
Central African 1,415 675 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,080 3,830 4,250 115 55 55
Libyan 590 320 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,945 4,265 3,680 155 85 65
Basque 980 515 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,745 4,030 3,710 190 70 120
Uruguayan 785 450 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0 0 0
Akan, n.o.s.159 545 270 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,640 3,835 3,805 40 25 10
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 870 500 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,635 3,690 3,950 35 10 20
Igorot 290 105 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,535 3,305 4,230 20 0 20
Fulani 2,380 1,260 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,480 3,865 3,620 160 100 60
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0 0 0
Guinean 2,670 1,375 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,390 3,700 3,695 130 55 80
St. Lucian 255 100 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0 0 0
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 405 210 195
Maliseet 200 70 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,220 3,515 3,705 2,985 1,500 1,480
Beninese 2,000 1,140 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 3,630 3,180 110 70 40
Telugu 180 125 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,670 3,730 2,945 65 30 35
Roma 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,545 3,225 3,320 55 20 40
Costa Rican 720 425 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,500 3,265 3,230 35 10 30
African Nova Scotian 215 105 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 2,945 3,535 150 60 85
Malagasy 1,625 755 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,255 3,085 3,170 125 70 55
Kashmiri 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0 0 0
Singaporean 75 55 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,060 2,755 3,305 10 0 0
Karen 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 55 20 30
Edo 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0 0 0
Tajik 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0 0 0
Amhara 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0 0 0
Paraguayan 90 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0 0 0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,723,230 851,610 871,620 610 285 320 560 300 265 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 759,195 373,575 385,615
Buddhist 26,395 11,650 14,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 356,975 157,435 199,540 1,120 615 500
Christian 853,205 397,365 455,840 300 140 165 410 190 210 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 512,645 241,975 270,670
Christian, n.o.s.162 105,435 50,405 55,035 10 10 0 80 35 40 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 42,360 20,475 21,885
Anabaptist 195 80 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,145 70,095 74,050 425 220 200
Anglican 9,480 4,260 5,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 35,830 16,545 19,285
Baptist 11,620 5,335 6,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 436,940 200,325 236,615 48,540 22,610 25,925
Catholic 602,630 280,655 321,975 260 125 135 180 90 90 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 305,520 146,135 159,385
Christian Orthodox 55,730 26,490 29,235 20 0 10 15 0 0 623,010 301,055 321,955 1,905 915 985
Jehovah's Witness 6,790 2,720 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 137,255 59,505 77,750 2,600 1,185 1,420
Latter Day Saints 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 87,725 41,365 46,360 800 360 445
Lutheran 1,510 685 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 328,045 150,115 177,925 970 440 530
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 840 400 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 100,655 46,640 54,020 5,675 2,575 3,095
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,860 6,485 8,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 399,025 180,870 218,155 14,290 6,490 7,805
Presbyterian 2,615 1,230 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 301,400 136,440 164,960 5,460 2,495 2,965
Reformed 310 150 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,870 39,250 40,620 110 45 65
United Church 3,950 1,655 2,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 35,205 15,505 19,700
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 36,100 16,305 19,790 0 0 0 90 45 40 745,650 345,540 400,110 12,955 5,980 6,975
Hindu 30,430 16,600 13,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 828,195 430,135 398,060 3,340 1,980 1,365
Jewish 35,930 17,990 17,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 335,295 164,220 171,070 1,000 540 460
Muslim 218,395 113,570 104,820 130 70 60 55 40 20 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 9,190 4,990 4,205
Sikh 15,630 8,360 7,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 771,790 394,345 377,445 1,780 940 840
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 205 80 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 80,685 38,460 42,230 1,005 490 515
Other religions and spiritual traditions 8,860 4,145 4,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 229,015 97,645 131,370 3,990 1,590 2,400
No religion and secular perspectives 534,180 281,845 252,340 170 75 95 95 70 30 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 225,125 120,460 104,660
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,706,230 842,970 863,255 605 285 320 550 290 265 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 752,990 370,335 382,655
Non-movers 1,471,775 723,745 748,030 505 225 280 515 270 250 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 669,160 329,670 339,490
Movers 234,450 119,225 115,230 100 55 45 35 25 15 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 83,825 40,665 43,165
Non-migrants 174,665 88,775 85,895 95 50 45 30 15 15 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 44,035 21,260 22,775
Migrants 59,790 30,455 29,335 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 39,795 19,405 20,385
Internal migrants 31,510 15,825 15,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 36,285 17,630 18,660
Intraprovincial migrants 22,730 11,190 11,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 21,775 10,365 11,410
Interprovincial migrants 8,780 4,635 4,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 268,965 135,215 133,750 14,510 7,265 7,245
External migrants 28,280 14,630 13,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 293,955 147,585 146,370 3,505 1,770 1,730
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,634,705 806,720 827,980 575 265 310 520 275 250 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 726,925 357,160 369,770
Non-movers 890,430 431,050 459,385 315 120 195 365 195 170 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 468,780 232,560 236,220
Movers 744,270 375,675 368,595 265 150 110 160 80 80 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 258,145 124,595 133,550
Non-migrants 416,555 207,830 208,725 170 90 80 140 70 70 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 86,035 41,160 44,880
Migrants 327,720 167,840 159,875 90 60 30 20 10 15 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 172,110 83,445 88,665
Internal migrants 145,860 72,315 73,545 20 10 10 20 10 15 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 150,300 72,155 78,150
Intraprovincial migrants 118,675 58,715 59,960 15 10 10 20 10 15 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 104,965 49,260 55,710
Interprovincial migrants 27,185 13,600 13,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 921,345 459,695 461,650 45,335 22,895 22,440
External migrants 181,860 95,525 86,335 75 45 25 0 0 0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 21,810 11,285 10,520
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 520 235 285 455 240 205 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 648,250 316,950 331,300
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 253,885 125,810 128,075 105 45 60 120 70 45 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 135,565 74,350 61,215
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 1,199,415 587,940 611,470 415 190 230 335 175 155 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 512,680 242,595 270,085
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,205 492,180 489,025 355 160 195 295 150 140 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 401,000 196,525 204,470
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 115,240 62,335 52,905 45 20 30 45 25 20 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 49,300 30,135 19,165
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 865,970 429,855 436,115 305 140 165 245 130 120 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 351,705 166,390 185,310
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 520 235 290 450 245 205 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 648,245 316,950 331,300
No certificate, diploma or degree 228,310 111,220 117,090 100 40 55 100 55 45 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 122,485 65,245 57,245
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 281,440 143,785 137,655 100 50 50 95 50 45 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 193,240 95,885 97,355
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 943,545 458,740 484,805 325 145 185 260 135 125 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 332,520 155,820 176,695
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 420,630 208,325 212,310 170 75 105 195 100 95 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 209,655 103,265 106,385
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 135,320 75,570 59,755 40 20 25 95 60 35 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 50,500 36,185 14,315
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 98,575 50,165 48,415 30 15 25 80 45 35 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 26,050 15,505 10,550
Apprenticeship certificate169 36,750 25,405 11,335 10 10 0 15 15 0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 24,450 20,685 3,765
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 226,630 107,020 119,610 90 40 55 55 35 20 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 146,815 62,535 84,280
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 58,675 25,735 32,945 40 15 30 45 10 35 896,755 372,560 524,195 12,335 4,545 7,785
Bachelor's degree or higher 522,915 250,415 272,500 150 70 80 65 40 30 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 122,865 52,555 70,310
Bachelor's degree 294,530 137,550 156,980 100 55 45 60 25 30 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 85,425 35,145 50,275
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 51,000 23,685 27,315 10 0 0 0 0 0 556,510 243,200 313,310 7,400 2,980 4,425
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 13,135 6,300 6,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 214,105 108,000 106,105 3,070 1,625 1,445
Master's degree 138,940 68,590 70,355 40 15 25 0 0 0 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 23,265 10,540 12,725
Earned doctorate171 25,315 14,295 11,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,660 165,795 113,870 3,705 2,260 1,445
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,210 492,185 489,025 355 160 190 290 155 140 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 401,005 196,525 204,475
No certificate, diploma or degree 97,670 52,760 44,910 45 20 25 30 15 20 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 44,010 26,490 17,520
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 146,020 79,740 66,280 55 35 25 55 30 25 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 114,985 59,795 55,195
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 737,515 359,680 377,835 255 115 140 205 105 100 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 242,005 110,240 131,765
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 302,205 152,275 149,925 120 50 65 150 75 70 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 147,860 71,870 75,990
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 103,365 56,740 46,625 15 15 0 75 40 30 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 31,475 22,185 9,290
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 76,115 38,060 38,055 10 0 0 60 35 25 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 16,715 9,835 6,885
Apprenticeship certificate169 27,250 18,680 8,565 10 10 0 15 10 0 836,220 693,830 142,395 14,760 12,355 2,405
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 155,015 75,780 79,230 70 30 45 45 25 20 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 108,710 46,690 62,020
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 43,825 19,755 24,070 30 10 20 25 10 20 623,090 261,035 362,050 7,670 2,995 4,680
Bachelor's degree or higher 435,315 207,405 227,905 135 60 75 60 30 25 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 94,140 38,375 55,770
Bachelor's degree 239,785 112,440 127,345 80 45 40 50 20 25 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 65,465 26,085 39,375
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 42,855 19,650 23,205 10 0 0 0 0 0 430,875 179,230 251,645 5,475 2,015 3,460
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10,470 4,595 5,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 167,730 75,120 92,615 2,440 1,125 1,315
Master's degree 121,575 59,570 62,010 40 15 25 0 0 0 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 18,170 7,665 10,505
Earned doctorate171 20,630 11,160 9,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 209,445 115,530 93,915 2,595 1,475 1,115
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 520 235 285 450 245 205 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 648,245 316,950 331,295
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 509,755 255,010 254,740 195 90 105 190 105 80 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 315,730 161,130 154,600
Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 10 0 10 15 0 10 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 25,985 6,770 19,215
13. Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 10 0 10 15 0 10 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 25,985 6,770 19,215
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 63,605 30,650 32,955 20 20 0 15 10 0 631,255 274,065 357,190 7,240 3,175 4,065
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 7,690 5,340 2,350 10 0 0 0 0 0 74,785 53,390 21,395 970 700 275
50. Visual and performing arts 55,915 25,310 30,600 15 15 0 10 0 0 556,470 220,680 335,790 6,270 2,480 3,795
Humanities 69,055 27,655 41,405 20 0 15 15 0 10 926,560 354,120 572,440 13,325 5,530 7,795
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 13,280 3,420 9,860 10 0 10 0 0 0 106,345 23,460 82,885 1,035 245 790
23. English language and literature/letters 7,005 2,310 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 184,600 53,020 131,580 2,545 805 1,740
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 24,785 10,755 14,030 10 0 0 0 0 0 316,050 119,215 196,830 3,475 1,060 2,415
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 750 270 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,935 6,835 12,095 375 185 190
38. Philosophy and religious studies 4,470 2,710 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,745 33,040 24,700 920 545 370
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,895 1,240 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,510 46,140 31,365 2,145 1,350 795
54. History 5,890 3,170 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,935 58,310 50,620 2,065 1,110 960
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 10,980 3,785 7,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 56,440 14,090 42,345 760 220 540
Social and behavioural sciences and law 135,105 49,230 85,875 45 15 25 35 10 20 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 28,985 8,430 20,555
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,930 580 1,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,430 7,065 22,365 265 60 210
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 21,825 7,570 14,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 233,400 88,205 145,200 2,460 1,070 1,390
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 16,140 1,820 14,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 344,150 27,905 316,240 7,485 440 7,040
22. Legal professions and studies 24,300 9,690 14,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 325,785 115,335 210,445 4,530 1,540 2,990
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,725 1,115 2,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,855 16,000 33,850 610 225 390
42. Psychology 18,040 4,375 13,670 10 0 10 0 0 0 327,965 79,295 248,665 6,135 1,325 4,805
45. Social sciences 49,145 24,080 25,070 20 15 10 20 0 15 705,540 336,960 368,580 7,500 3,765 3,735
Business, management and public administration 212,570 93,910 118,660 90 35 55 45 25 25 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 73,975 22,770 51,205
30.16 Accounting and computer science 195 110 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,335 1,705 3,630 170 30 135
44. Public administration and social service professions 10,270 2,590 7,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 272,240 55,995 216,245 6,840 1,250 5,595
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 202,105 91,205 110,895 80 35 50 45 25 25 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 66,960 21,485 45,475
Physical and life sciences and technologies 48,295 25,025 23,270 10 0 10 0 0 0 719,715 353,540 366,175 9,440 4,370 5,075
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 19,755 8,140 11,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 297,055 121,615 175,435 3,850 1,685 2,170
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,970 4,260 3,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 155,955 72,245 83,705 2,255 930 1,320
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 4,885 2,495 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,380 14,950 20,430 415 95 320
40. Physical sciences 14,030 9,170 4,855 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,620 130,745 65,875 2,085 1,375 715
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,650 965 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,710 13,985 20,730 835 280 550
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 58,555 41,475 17,080 25 15 10 10 0 0 804,230 531,435 272,795 13,215 8,950 4,265
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 47,925 35,890 12,030 25 15 10 10 0 0 643,145 454,370 188,775 11,550 8,205 3,345
25. Library science 3,205 810 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,085 7,100 35,985 705 160 545
27. Mathematics and statistics 6,060 3,785 2,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,360 57,560 41,800 825 510 315
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,365 995 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,640 12,400 6,240 140 75 60
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 153,375 127,040 26,335 30 30 0 70 70 0 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 72,895 68,250 4,640
04. Architecture and related services 11,945 6,400 5,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 135,020 81,930 53,090 660 415 245
14. Engineering 67,700 52,785 14,915 10 10 0 15 15 0 900,475 723,080 177,395 9,640 8,120 1,520
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,350 20,890 3,460 10 10 0 0 0 0 726,155 638,355 87,800 16,310 14,615 1,695
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 190 390 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 19,805 18,840 970 0 0 0 25 25 0 703,905 683,060 20,845 18,740 18,250 495
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 18,350 17,680 675 10 10 0 10 10 0 659,480 640,895 18,590 17,500 17,120 380
48. Precision production 11,150 10,425 725 0 0 0 10 10 0 380,505 363,710 16,795 10,045 9,730 320
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,155 5,040 5,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 407,545 234,360 173,175 8,175 5,035 3,140
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,670 3,340 3,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 262,580 140,520 122,070 4,465 2,105 2,360
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,490 1,700 1,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 144,960 93,845 51,115 3,720 2,930 780
Health and related fields 106,500 26,315 80,185 65 15 55 40 0 40 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 52,900 8,440 44,465
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 6,050 3,110 2,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 180,785 89,005 91,780 3,060 1,555 1,505
51. Health professions and related programs178 95,775 20,920 74,855 55 0 55 40 0 40 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 48,505 6,205 42,300
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 170 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 1,425 3,825 175 35 140
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 4,505 2,215 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,030 34,630 29,400 1,160 640 515
Personal, protective and transportation services 38,585 20,835 17,750 10 0 0 15 0 10 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 26,300 14,075 12,220
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 24,500 9,050 15,445 10 0 0 10 0 10 548,520 151,115 397,410 13,475 2,785 10,690
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,965 3,520 445 145 130 15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 160 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,900 6,210 690 325 275 55
43. Security and protective services 6,385 4,920 1,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,835 160,930 66,905 5,700 4,530 1,175
49. Transportation and materials moving 7,525 6,685 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 219,205 199,190 20,010 6,650 6,360 290
Other179 165 45 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 1,640 3,665 85 40 50
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 981,205 492,180 489,025 355 160 195 295 155 145 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 401,000 196,530 204,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 243,690 132,500 111,190 100 50 50 90 45 45 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 158,995 86,285 72,710
Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 742,175 158,185 583,990 15,520 3,535 11,990
13. Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 742,175 158,185 583,990 15,520 3,535 11,990
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 50,935 25,035 25,900 20 15 0 10 0 0 490,455 210,500 279,955 5,685 2,440 3,245
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 6,360 4,440 1,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,645 38,170 16,475 670 460 210
50. Visual and performing arts 44,575 20,595 23,980 15 15 0 0 0 0 435,815 172,330 263,480 5,010 1,980 3,030
Humanities 46,970 18,990 27,980 15 0 15 20 0 15 649,695 241,235 408,465 9,310 3,680 5,635
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 10,150 2,655 7,500 10 0 10 0 0 0 79,235 16,400 62,835 845 175 665
23. English language and literature/letters 5,430 1,810 3,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 134,815 37,610 97,210 1,845 570 1,270
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 14,680 6,710 7,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 216,725 80,505 136,220 2,455 710 1,745
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 530 180 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,910 4,540 8,370 240 120 125
38. Philosophy and religious studies 3,255 1,965 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,640 23,645 17,990 615 365 250
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,090 765 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,920 29,245 19,675 1,320 790 530
54. History 4,355 2,340 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 78,415 40,800 37,615 1,470 790 680
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 7,470 2,560 4,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,045 8,490 28,555 520 155 365
Social and behavioural sciences and law 106,455 38,085 68,370 40 15 25 30 15 15 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 22,760 6,020 16,740
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,550 480 1,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,895 5,520 18,370 195 40 155
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 18,665 6,420 12,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 196,475 72,125 124,350 2,130 900 1,230
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 12,815 1,340 11,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 270,970 20,095 250,875 5,880 275 5,605
22. Legal professions and studies 19,485 7,385 12,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 261,265 82,850 178,420 3,550 1,000 2,550
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 2,760 840 1,925 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,830 12,160 25,670 410 145 260
42. Psychology 13,520 3,205 10,310 15 0 10 0 0 0 249,205 55,840 193,365 4,895 935 3,960
45. Social sciences 37,670 18,415 19,255 20 10 10 20 0 10 549,090 254,250 294,840 5,700 2,730 2,970
Business, management and public administration 173,115 76,040 97,075 65 25 30 40 20 25 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 55,485 16,845 38,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science 165 90 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,995 1,335 2,665 135 30 105
44. Public administration and social service professions 8,055 2,070 5,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 213,140 40,230 172,910 5,370 855 4,515
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 164,900 73,875 91,030 60 25 30 40 20 25 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 49,990 15,955 34,035
Physical and life sciences and technologies 32,990 16,980 16,010 10 0 10 0 0 0 513,555 241,780 271,785 6,765 3,050 3,715
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 16,185 6,735 9,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 227,460 90,390 137,075 2,875 1,210 1,660
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 3,955 2,115 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 108,350 48,075 60,280 1,495 620 880
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,310 725 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,270 5,690 8,580 320 60 265
40. Physical sciences 10,390 6,710 3,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,510 88,540 51,970 1,520 950 570
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,150 700 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,960 9,090 13,870 560 210 345
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 48,495 34,620 13,875 25 15 10 10 0 0 667,305 445,970 221,330 11,310 7,765 3,545
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 40,770 30,640 10,130 25 15 10 10 0 0 554,185 392,835 161,350 10,200 7,265 2,935
25. Library science 2,310 595 1,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,610 4,720 22,885 475 120 350
27. Mathematics and statistics 4,525 2,760 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,940 39,000 31,940 515 315 200
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 890 625 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,565 9,415 5,155 120 70 50
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 123,175 100,630 22,545 30 30 0 40 40 0 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 50,145 46,270 3,875
04. Architecture and related services 10,010 5,255 4,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 105,845 61,230 44,605 505 295 210
14. Engineering 57,935 44,795 13,135 10 10 0 10 10 0 724,235 568,385 155,850 7,375 6,085 1,285
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 18,540 15,920 2,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 536,600 464,510 72,090 11,895 10,445 1,455
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 160 350 0 0 0
46. Construction trades 15,040 14,235 805 0 0 0 20 20 0 510,105 493,000 17,100 12,295 11,900 395
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 13,695 13,120 575 10 10 0 10 10 0 467,225 452,385 14,840 11,460 11,180 280
48. Precision production 7,890 7,285 605 0 0 0 0 0 0 266,690 253,110 13,585 6,620 6,365 255
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,675 4,150 4,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 314,120 170,440 143,680 6,115 3,600 2,515
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,650 2,705 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 199,335 99,700 99,635 3,395 1,520 1,875
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,020 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 114,780 70,745 44,040 2,720 2,080 640
Health and related fields 82,510 20,560 61,950 40 0 40 35 0 35 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 39,225 6,580 32,640
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 4,900 2,500 2,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 139,280 67,885 71,385 2,325 1,230 1,090
51. Health professions and related programs178 73,950 16,430 57,525 40 0 40 35 0 35 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 35,775 4,845 30,935
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 145 50 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,430 945 3,485 175 35 140
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 3,510 1,570 1,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,115 23,255 24,860 940 465 475
Personal, protective and transportation services 30,275 16,455 13,825 10 0 0 10 0 0 772,450 399,835 372,615 19,605 10,415 9,185
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 19,020 6,985 12,035 10 0 0 0 0 0 414,520 112,935 301,590 9,855 1,930 7,925
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,955 2,575 375 110 100 15
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,850 3,415 435 190 155 35
43. Security and protective services 5,050 3,915 1,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 183,025 128,295 54,725 4,365 3,405 960
49. Transportation and materials moving 6,095 5,435 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 168,105 152,620 15,485 5,085 4,830 255
Other179 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,075 1,150 2,930 80 40 45
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 981,205 492,180 489,025 355 160 195 295 155 145 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 401,000 196,530 204,475
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 243,690 132,500 111,190 100 50 50 90 45 45 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 158,995 86,285 72,710
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 737,515 359,685 377,835 255 110 145 205 105 100 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 242,005 110,245 131,760
Location of study inside Canada 529,195 254,400 274,795 185 75 110 170 80 85 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 222,915 101,025 121,890
Same as province or territory of residence 503,230 241,010 262,225 180 70 110 165 75 85 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 172,485 77,305 95,185
Different than province or territory of residence 25,965 13,390 12,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 50,430 23,720 26,710
Location of study outside Canada182 208,320 105,280 103,040 65 35 30 40 25 15 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 19,090 9,220 9,870
Americas 36,730 18,600 18,130 10 10 10 15 10 0 483,810 238,040 245,775 5,125 2,385 2,740
United States of America 10,760 6,075 4,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 279,005 143,575 135,435 3,595 1,665 1,930
Mexico 4,800 2,245 2,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,400 16,175 20,230 245 70 175
Cuba 1,340 685 660 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,345 4,275 4,070 95 55 40
Haiti 5,065 2,775 2,295 0 0 0 15 10 0 10,620 5,645 4,970 30 20 15
Jamaica 110 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,780 6,110 6,670 135 60 75
Brazil 3,765 1,800 1,960 10 10 10 0 0 0 40,050 18,445 21,605 505 280 225
Colombia 3,560 1,695 1,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,165 13,875 17,295 110 55 65
Peru 1,375 580 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,780 3,025 4,750 30 15 15
Venezuela95 1,680 680 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 5,330 7,320 85 40 40
Other locations of study in Americas 4,265 1,995 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,000 21,575 23,425 290 125 170
Europe 68,060 36,130 31,930 10 0 0 10 10 0 543,725 281,205 262,520 4,185 2,255 1,935
Belgium 1,775 910 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,795 4,260 3,535 125 60 60
France 41,640 22,775 18,860 10 0 0 0 0 0 97,770 53,930 43,840 585 315 270
Germany 1,035 560 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,450 12,070 10,380 315 160 145
Netherlands 465 260 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 6,065 4,765 185 115 70
Switzerland 965 570 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,470 4,420 4,050 40 20 20
Hungary 195 105 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,160 2,465 2,700 45 15 25
Moldova183 1,825 870 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,055 4,165 4,890 45 20 30
Poland 815 285 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,215 11,115 14,100 35 25 10
Romania 3,250 1,665 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,250 16,190 16,060 140 90 50
Russian Federation 2,410 1,105 1,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,095 16,250 19,845 275 120 150
Ukraine 2,045 895 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,405 16,635 19,775 565 300 265
Ireland96 285 190 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,040 9,175 6,865 40 10 30
United Kingdom87 4,680 2,520 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 151,900 81,980 69,920 1,360 770 590
Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 75 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,030 2,915 3,115 15 10 10
Italy 1,325 760 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,895 5,055 3,840 55 25 30
Serbia86 115 40 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,745 4,470 4,280 50 25 25
Other locations of study in Europe 5,105 2,535 2,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 60,615 30,055 30,560 320 170 150
Africa 48,445 25,700 22,745 35 15 15 10 0 10 216,815 111,010 105,805 2,095 1,105 990
Nigeria 1,230 655 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,280 16,395 16,880 430 195 230
Algeria 19,210 9,980 9,230 25 15 15 0 0 0 33,230 17,020 16,210 135 75 60
Morocco 9,515 4,945 4,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,640 12,125 11,510 240 135 105
Tunisia 4,555 2,570 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,655 7,100 5,555 110 55 50
Egypt 3,025 1,615 1,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,255 15,145 15,115 330 170 160
South Africa, Republic of 250 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,060 9,900 9,160 155 85 70
Other locations of study in Africa 10,660 5,840 4,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,700 33,325 31,385 705 390 315
Asia 53,780 24,120 29,655 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 7,335 3,320 4,020
Iran88 5,230 2,440 2,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 66,630 30,180 36,450 185 100 85
Iraq 330 180 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,515 8,250 8,265 25 20 0
Israel 520 285 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,355 5,725 5,630 160 70 90
Lebanon 4,185 2,105 2,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,565 9,355 10,210 50 30 20
Syria89 3,120 1,480 1,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,405 7,885 8,520 130 55 70
Turkey 695 400 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,855 6,595 5,260 40 30 10
China90 9,950 4,420 5,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 201,100 87,370 113,720 925 415 510
Taiwan 365 150 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,520 4,750 9,770 20 10 10
Hong Kong91 230 110 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,325 7,445 10,875 20 0 20
Japan 800 300 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,605 5,280 13,325 60 30 30
Korea, South92 1,265 435 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,575 20,575 33,000 630 315 315
Philippines 8,890 2,860 6,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 305,795 115,370 190,420 2,325 920 1,400
Viet Nam 1,125 415 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,500 4,490 8,005 265 100 165
Bangladesh 2,020 1,065 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,000 11,360 13,645 115 50 65
Sri Lanka 645 240 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,085 7,090 7,995 45 30 15
India 9,500 4,925 4,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 405,850 199,380 206,475 1,800 910 885
Pakistan 1,165 575 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 75,155 35,055 40,100 195 95 100
Other locations of study in Asia 3,745 1,750 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,385 28,650 35,735 360 140 220
Oceania 1,305 730 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,960 24,495 23,460 345 155 190
Australia 1,095 610 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 38,525 19,270 19,250 270 110 165
New Zealand 165 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,785 4,300 3,485 70 40 25
Other locations of study in Oceania 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,655 930 730 0 0 0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 520 235 290 450 245 205 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 648,245 316,950 331,300
In the labour force 959,135 498,125 461,010 315 145 170 285 150 130 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 389,465 200,685 188,785
Employed 859,920 445,255 414,665 280 135 150 260 140 120 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 349,215 177,080 172,130
Unemployed 99,210 52,870 46,345 40 15 20 25 20 10 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 40,255 23,600 16,655
Not in the labour force 494,165 215,620 278,540 200 90 110 165 95 75 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 258,780 116,265 142,515
Participation rate 66.0 69.8 62.3 60.6 61.7 58.6 63.3 61.2 63.4 63.7 67.7 59.8 60.1 63.3 57.0
Employment rate 59.2 62.4 56.1 53.8 57.4 51.7 57.8 57.1 58.5 57.1 60.9 53.4 53.9 55.9 52.0
Unemployment rate 10.3 10.6 10.1 12.7 10.3 11.8 8.8 13.3 7.7 10.3 9.9 10.7 10.3 11.8 8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 520 235 285 450 245 205 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 648,245 316,950 331,295
Did not work186 508,670 222,700 285,970 200 75 120 175 95 80 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 252,745 112,345 140,405
Worked 944,630 491,050 453,580 320 155 165 275 150 130 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 395,505 204,610 190,895
Worked full year full time187 464,805 252,405 212,400 145 80 65 165 85 80 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 209,200 112,365 96,840
Worked part year and/or part time188 479,820 238,645 241,180 175 70 105 110 65 50 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 186,295 92,245 94,050
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.7 40.1 39.2 37.9 39.2 36.6 43.2 42.4 44.0 41.0 41.7 40.3 40.6 40.5 40.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 959,130 498,125 461,010 320 145 175 285 150 135 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 389,470 200,685 188,785
Class of worker - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 10 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 7,970 4,250 3,720
All classes of workers191 930,570 484,150 446,425 310 145 170 275 145 130 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 381,500 196,430 185,070
Employee 811,850 411,090 400,750 285 130 160 245 130 115 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 343,625 173,445 170,180
Permanent position 661,995 340,865 321,135 255 125 130 205 105 100 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 269,290 134,455 134,835
Temporary position 149,850 70,230 79,620 30 0 30 35 20 15 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 74,330 38,990 35,345
Fixed term (1 year or more) 63,645 28,710 34,935 15 0 10 15 0 10 867,740 386,965 480,775 16,785 7,740 9,045
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 86,205 41,520 44,685 15 0 15 25 15 0 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 57,545 31,245 26,300
Self-employed192 118,725 73,050 45,670 25 15 10 30 15 15 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 37,875 22,990 14,890
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 959,130 498,125 461,010 320 145 175 285 150 135 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 389,470 200,685 188,785
Occupation - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 10 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 7,970 4,250 3,720
All occupations191 930,570 484,150 446,425 310 145 170 275 145 130 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 381,500 196,430 185,070
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 14,540 10,000 4,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 254,760 177,450 77,315 3,630 2,340 1,290
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 180,355 69,570 110,785 65 25 45 35 20 15 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 58,480 16,915 41,565
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 101,555 76,005 25,555 30 15 15 15 10 0 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 24,220 18,880 5,335
3 Health occupations 75,605 18,730 56,870 45 0 40 45 0 45 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 34,745 5,650 29,095
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 124,755 41,025 83,730 40 10 30 30 10 20 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 51,285 17,825 33,460
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 56,870 29,555 27,310 10 0 0 0 0 0 596,785 275,420 321,360 7,685 3,505 4,180
6 Sales and service occupations 234,485 120,480 114,005 90 50 35 70 40 35 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 101,215 43,020 58,200
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 98,535 89,140 9,395 25 25 0 50 50 0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 67,570 62,980 4,590
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,025 3,855 1,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 541,235 416,960 124,270 13,690 11,320 2,375
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 38,850 25,795 13,060 15 15 0 15 10 0 857,540 612,415 245,120 18,970 13,995 4,980
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 959,130 498,125 461,010 320 145 175 285 150 135 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 389,470 200,685 188,785
Industry - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 10 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 7,970 4,250 3,720
All industries191 930,570 484,150 446,425 310 145 170 275 145 130 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 381,500 196,430 185,070
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,920 1,730 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 434,800 295,160 139,640 14,815 11,445 3,375
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 1,195 805 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 239,030 195,605 43,425 3,295 2,795 500
22 Utilities 5,150 3,245 1,905 0 0 0 0 0 0 147,750 109,475 38,270 3,935 3,155 780
23 Construction 33,445 28,300 5,150 10 10 0 25 25 0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 27,805 24,930 2,875
31-33 Manufacturing 76,115 51,395 24,725 20 20 0 20 10 10 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 30,525 22,370 8,160
41 Wholesale trade 33,845 20,380 13,470 0 0 0 0 0 0 610,295 406,960 203,335 9,265 6,750 2,515
44-45 Retail trade 98,705 49,745 48,960 15 10 10 40 10 25 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 45,920 21,635 24,290
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 49,075 38,320 10,755 10 10 0 40 40 0 981,030 742,515 238,515 18,515 13,765 4,750
51 Information and cultural industries 40,020 24,295 15,730 20 15 0 0 0 0 400,460 237,940 162,520 6,530 3,845 2,680
52 Finance and insurance 47,065 23,830 23,235 25 15 10 15 0 15 815,225 358,145 457,080 13,155 4,650 8,510
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 16,780 9,730 7,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 343,940 186,230 157,710 4,095 2,405 1,685
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 113,755 65,950 47,800 30 20 10 15 10 0 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 19,215 10,925 8,295
55 Management of companies and enterprises 1,720 850 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,455 21,495 23,955 580 265 310
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 45,325 27,460 17,860 15 15 0 10 0 10 792,600 457,880 334,725 16,885 9,765 7,115
61 Educational services 84,380 31,030 53,350 25 20 10 10 0 0 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 28,650 8,590 20,065
62 Health care and social assistance 128,175 32,195 95,980 85 0 80 55 10 45 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 56,515 9,735 46,780
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20,970 10,860 10,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 350,710 180,205 170,500 6,020 3,280 2,740
72 Accommodation and food services 53,745 29,185 24,555 35 10 20 10 10 0 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 23,345 8,665 14,680
81 Other services (except public administration) 39,595 16,105 23,490 10 0 10 0 0 0 797,935 373,775 424,165 17,185 8,720 8,460
91 Public administration 38,595 18,740 19,850 20 0 10 15 15 0 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 35,260 18,755 16,500
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 340 160 180 305 170 140 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 423,255 218,175 205,075
English 161,015 89,010 72,005 20 10 15 10 0 10 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 284,045 150,490 133,555
French 399,340 197,680 201,660 220 105 115 185 95 90 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 63,250 31,590 31,660
Non-official language 7,340 3,600 3,735 0 0 0 0 0 0 169,205 89,515 79,685 390 235 160
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,935 3,590 3,345 50 30 20
Non-Indigenous 7,330 3,600 3,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 162,265 85,925 76,345 345 205 140
English and French 405,305 214,915 190,385 80 35 45 75 50 25 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 72,790 34,460 38,325
English and non-official language(s) 10,790 6,090 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 570,220 291,000 279,220 2,330 1,200 1,130
French and non-official language(s) 7,145 3,405 3,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,935 9,955 10,980 15 15 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 25,465 12,730 12,735 10 0 0 15 0 0 69,340 34,190 35,145 415 180 235
Multiple non-official languages 420 260 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,265 5,960 5,305 15 0 15
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 340 160 180 305 170 140 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 423,255 218,175 205,075
Single responses 908,980 471,095 437,880 315 145 170 280 155 125 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 406,995 210,720 196,275
Official languages 895,835 464,520 431,315 315 145 170 280 155 125 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 406,235 210,290 195,945
English 286,010 155,790 130,215 35 15 15 20 0 15 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 317,530 166,790 150,735
French 609,825 308,725 301,095 280 125 150 260 150 110 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 88,700 43,500 45,200
Non-official languages 13,145 6,580 6,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 310,455 161,825 148,635 765 430 335
Indigenous languages39 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,435 9,725 9,710 150 95 55
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 150 95 55
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0 0 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0 0 0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 145 90 55
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 130 85 50
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 340 355 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Inuktitut 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 13,120 6,580 6,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 291,025 152,095 138,925 610 335 275
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,295 720 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,265 5,300 3,955 40 40 0
Berber languages 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Kabyle 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 185 235 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 155 210 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 1,275 710 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,785 5,080 3,705 40 40 0
Amharic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 95 120 0 0 0
Arabic 1,190 670 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,190 4,250 2,940 30 30 0
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 325 130 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 240 90 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0
Hebrew 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 240 340 0 0 0
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,220 535 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,770 4,135 5,635 40 25 10
Khmer (Cambodian) 175 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 215 285 0 0 0
Vietnamese 1,045 460 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,260 3,905 5,350 40 25 10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,760 2,180 2,580 20 10 10
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Ilocano 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 0 0 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 90 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,205 1,895 2,310 20 10 10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 0 0 0
Creole languages 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 185 210 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 170 205 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 80 25 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0 0 0
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 140 110 0 0 0
Tamil 75 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0 0 0
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 6,260 3,210 3,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 112,395 64,055 48,335 275 135 140
Albanian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 170 140 0 0 0
Armenian 80 60 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 295 235 0 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,085 4,390 5,695 25 15 10
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 15 75 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 35 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 40 0 0 0
Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,995 4,375 5,620 25 15 10
Bulgarian 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 55 90 0 0 0
Czech 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 60 15 0 0 0
Polish 90 30 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0 0 0
Russian 385 130 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,240 2,085 3,155 20 10 10
Serbo-Croatian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 485 355 0 0 0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 0 0 0
Serbian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 245 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 620 650 0 0 0
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 825 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,250 8,060 6,190 55 25 25
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
High German languages 790 385 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,480 5,695 4,790 25 15 10
German 95 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,615 3,655 2,970 25 15 10
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 0 0 0
Yiddish 695 325 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 520 530 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,540 2,245 1,290 30 10 15
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 0 0 0
Dutch 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 515 440 30 10 15
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 0 0 0
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0
Swedish 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Greek 175 55 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 445 430 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,695 935 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 55,455 32,965 22,490 60 35 25
Indo-Aryan languages 1,405 760 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,020 28,910 19,100 35 25 15
Bengali 85 25 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 290 355 0 0 0
Gujarati 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 515 600 0 0 0
Hindi 120 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0 0 0
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Nepali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 145 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,080 615 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,840 25,480 15,365 10 10 0
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 0 0 0
Urdu 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0 0 0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Iranian languages 285 175 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,430 4,045 3,385 20 15 0
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 0 0 0
Pashto 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 0 0 0
Persian languages 255 150 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,110 3,825 3,285 15 0 0
Dari 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 445 360 0 0 0
Iranian Persian 225 130 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,715 2,980 2,735 15 0 0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 400 195 0 0 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,925 1,575 1,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,795 17,685 13,105 135 60 75
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Italian 310 160 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 730 900 0 0 0
Portuguese 245 90 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,970 4,070 2,895 10 0 10
Romanian 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 375 310 0 0 0
Spanish 2,290 1,265 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,455 12,465 8,990 115 55 60
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0
Japanese 125 25 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0 0 0
Korean 240 100 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,345 7,125 7,225 70 45 25
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 45 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 210 200 0 0 0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Lingala 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 95 55 0 0 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0
Sign languages 85 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 795 1,210 35 15 15
American Sign Language 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 620 970 30 10 15
Quebec Sign Language 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 110 180 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,375 64,180 64,190 135 65 65
Chinese languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 128,045 63,990 64,055 135 65 65
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 0 0 0
Mandarin 2,100 1,110 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,040 37,760 38,280 120 60 55
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 210 270 0 0 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,140 550 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,950 25,725 25,225 15 0 15
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 240 220 0 0 0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 175 125 0 0 0
Burmese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 310 450 0 0 0
Lao 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0
Thai 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Turkic languages 85 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 695 650 0 0 0
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 0 0 0
Turkish 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 660 615 0 0 0
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 215 270 0 0 0
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 50 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 65 0 0 0
Hungarian 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 160 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Multiple responses 107,830 56,590 51,240 25 15 10 25 15 15 453,880 231,205 222,675 16,255 7,455 8,800
English and French 99,075 52,050 47,030 20 15 10 15 10 0 321,975 163,305 158,675 15,615 7,125 8,485
English and non-official language(s) 3,105 1,760 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 115,955 60,210 55,745 600 300 300
French and non-official language(s) 2,345 1,085 1,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,280 2,795 3,485 10 10 0
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,255 1,680 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,405 3,795 3,605 35 25 15
Multiple non-official languages 45 10 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0 0 0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 340 160 180 305 170 140 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 423,255 218,175 205,075
None 667,690 342,985 324,705 270 125 140 220 110 110 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 363,825 189,715 174,115
English 201,200 106,725 94,480 50 20 35 65 50 15 902,625 474,755 427,875 25,730 12,055 13,680
French 115,950 61,585 54,365 10 0 0 0 0 0 589,755 288,955 300,800 31,880 15,515 16,365
Non-official language 14,925 7,790 7,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 331,375 168,035 163,335 1,430 720 705
Indigenous39 65 20 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,190 7,740 10,450 320 155 170
Non-Indigenous 14,860 7,770 7,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 313,185 160,295 152,885 1,105 565 540
English and French 1,155 540 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 1,445 1,495 10 0 10
English and non-official language(s) 8,605 4,110 4,490 10 0 0 0 0 0 33,125 15,680 17,445 55 30 20
French and non-official language(s) 5,480 2,970 2,510 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,615 11,475 11,135 210 75 135
English, French and non-official language(s) 165 85 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 210 150 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 1,645 895 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,740 25,425 25,315 110 65 40
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 859,920 445,255 414,665 280 130 150 260 135 125 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 349,215 177,080 172,130
Worked at home 260,415 132,065 128,355 65 40 25 45 30 20 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 55,620 25,955 29,660
Worked outside Canada 2,775 1,725 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 58,335 40,295 18,035 870 605 265
No fixed workplace address 81,290 57,160 24,130 15 10 0 35 20 10 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 46,450 34,280 12,165
Usual place of work 515,440 254,310 261,130 200 80 125 180 85 95 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 246,275 116,240 130,035
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 515,440 254,310 261,135 200 80 120 180 85 95 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 246,275 116,240 130,035
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 413,515 195,935 217,580 185 70 115 145 65 75 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 115,805 52,670 63,130
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 46,495 24,705 21,790 0 0 0 15 10 0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 84,010 38,685 45,325
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 53,810 32,610 21,200 15 10 0 20 10 15 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 43,000 22,535 20,460
Commute to a different province or territory 1,620 1,060 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 98,060 60,210 37,850 3,465 2,345 1,120
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 596,730 311,465 285,265 215 90 125 210 110 105 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 292,725 150,515 142,205
Car, truck or van 338,295 197,990 140,305 115 60 55 165 90 75 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 269,215 138,920 130,295
Car, truck or van - as a driver 313,045 188,685 124,360 105 50 55 150 80 70 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 245,720 129,520 116,200
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 25,245 9,300 15,940 10 0 0 10 10 0 844,155 343,100 501,050 23,500 9,400 14,100
Public transit 169,380 71,050 98,330 90 30 60 45 15 30 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 4,345 1,975 2,370
Walked 57,390 24,650 32,735 0 0 0 0 0 0 672,815 296,610 376,205 12,305 5,775 6,530
Bicycle 20,425 11,990 8,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,615 92,195 46,415 1,130 815 315
Other method 11,255 5,785 5,470 0 0 0 0 0 0 285,820 144,225 141,595 5,725 3,035 2,685
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 596,730 311,465 285,265 215 90 125 210 110 105 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 292,725 150,515 142,205
Less than 15 minutes 106,580 52,520 54,070 20 0 15 25 10 15 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 131,495 62,880 68,615
15 to 29 minutes 211,950 113,835 98,115 45 30 15 65 45 15 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 104,705 53,100 51,605
30 to 44 minutes 161,385 87,950 73,435 105 40 65 55 25 30 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 34,810 20,010 14,800
45 to 59 minutes 62,880 30,620 32,255 30 15 15 15 0 10 910,610 542,485 368,125 11,180 6,685 4,500
60 minutes and over 53,935 26,540 27,400 20 0 15 45 25 25 926,120 599,115 327,005 10,530 7,850 2,685
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 596,730 311,465 285,265 215 90 125 210 110 105 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 292,725 150,515 142,205
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 35,870 26,330 9,540 10 10 0 10 0 0 938,820 701,960 236,865 16,430 12,045 4,385
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 86,515 50,895 35,625 55 20 35 60 35 25 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 47,295 28,970 18,325
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 147,765 69,890 77,880 45 30 20 45 25 20 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 97,985 49,495 48,495
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 130,185 59,500 70,680 40 10 35 20 0 15 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 63,160 26,475 36,685
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 93,190 44,255 48,935 30 0 25 25 0 15 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 26,670 10,215 16,450
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 103,205 60,595 42,610 30 15 15 50 25 25 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 41,180 23,315 17,865
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 321,810 164,440 157,375 125 75 45 110 65 45 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 137,000 70,185 66,820
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 80,715 41,690 39,030 10 5 10 25 15 10 897,205 456,120 441,085 49,335 25,270 24,065
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 241,095 122,750 118,345 110 70 35 85 50 35 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 87,660 44,910 42,755
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 226,825 115,930 110,890 95 55 35 80 50 30 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 102,270 52,330 49,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 60,615 31,295 29,320 10 0 5 25 15 10 682,190 346,420 335,770 37,215 19,045 18,165
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 48,760 25,220 23,545 10 0 10 20 10 10 467,685 234,475 233,215 29,975 15,305 14,680
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 11,855 6,080 5,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 214,500 111,950 102,550 7,235 3,745 3,495
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 166,210 84,635 81,575 85 55 30 60 35 25 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 65,055 33,290 31,775

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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