Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
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Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
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Language spoken most often at home
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Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Montréal, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 24662953More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove		 24661720More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 QuebecMore information:

[Province]
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Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,762,949 ... ... 406 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 710 ... ... 8,501,833 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,704,694 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ... 8,164,361 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 3.4 ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... ... ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 878,542 ... ... 156 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 350 ... ... 4,050,164 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 816,338 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 333 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,833.5 ... ... 1,581.6 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 792.1 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 364.74 ... ... 0.26 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 0.90 ... ... 1,298,599.75 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,762,950 867,975 894,980 410 200 205 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 710 375 335 8,501,835 4,201,960 4,299,870
0 to 14 years 270,430 138,255 132,170 60 30 35 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 90 55 40 1,391,360 713,290 678,070
0 to 4 years 88,670 45,335 43,335 10 10 5 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 30 15 15 422,980 217,145 205,840
5 to 9 years 93,325 47,700 45,620 25 5 10 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 40 25 15 478,955 245,295 233,665
10 to 14 years 88,435 45,220 43,215 30 15 15 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 25 10 10 489,425 250,855 238,570
15 to 64 years 1,197,045 603,075 593,965 240 125 115 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 535 280 255 5,356,945 2,686,745 2,670,195
15 to 19 years 82,475 41,675 40,805 15 10 5 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 25 10 15 429,400 219,400 209,995
20 to 24 years 125,235 63,220 62,015 20 10 10 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 65 30 35 460,660 235,250 225,405
25 to 29 years 153,995 77,680 76,315 15 10 5 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 80 40 45 527,150 266,455 260,700
30 to 34 years 146,855 73,810 73,040 10 5 5 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 80 45 40 536,040 267,770 268,270
35 to 39 years 135,880 67,835 68,040 25 15 15 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 45 25 25 550,425 274,350 276,075
40 to 44 years 127,165 63,885 63,285 35 20 20 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 55 35 15 572,565 286,405 286,160
45 to 49 years 110,130 55,495 54,630 25 15 5 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 45 20 20 516,465 259,565 256,905
50 to 54 years 105,545 54,115 51,435 20 10 15 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 60 35 25 522,935 262,610 260,325
55 to 59 years 108,040 55,305 52,730 35 10 15 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 45 20 25 615,690 307,230 308,465
60 to 64 years 101,725 50,055 51,670 35 20 10 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 35 25 15 625,610 307,710 317,900
65 years and over 295,475 126,635 168,845 105 50 55 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 80 40 35 1,753,530 801,925 951,605
65 to 69 years 85,025 40,115 44,915 35 15 20 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 35 20 20 541,970 264,020 277,950
70 to 74 years 72,300 32,855 39,445 20 10 10 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 20 10 5 455,900 217,985 237,910
75 to 79 years 52,720 22,645 30,075 20 5 10 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 10 5 10 330,840 153,790 177,050
80 to 84 years 39,395 15,780 23,610 15 10 5 840,545 370,905 469,645 5 5 0 210,405 90,825 119,580
85 years and over 46,035 15,250 30,790 15 5 5 861,395 319,540 541,860 10 5 5 214,415 75,305 139,115
85 to 89 years 27,835 10,185 17,655 10 5 5 525,445 212,735 312,705 5 5 0 131,755 50,610 81,150
90 to 94 years 14,360 4,155 10,205 5 0 5 258,035 87,300 170,735 5 0 0 65,020 20,490 44,535
95 to 99 years 3,375 825 2,560 0 0 0 68,380 17,670 50,715 0 0 0 15,665 3,875 11,790
100 years and over 465 90 375 0 0 0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0 0 0 1,975 330 1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.3 15.9 14.8 14.6 15.0 17.1 16.3 16.9 15.6 12.7 14.7 11.9 16.4 17.0 15.8
15 to 64 years 67.9 69.5 66.4 58.5 62.5 56.1 64.8 65.4 64.2 75.4 74.7 76.1 63.0 63.9 62.1
65 years and over 16.8 14.6 18.9 25.6 25.0 26.8 19.0 17.7 20.2 11.3 10.7 10.4 20.6 19.1 22.1
85 years and over 2.6 1.8 3.4 3.7 2.5 2.4 2.3 1.8 2.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 2.5 1.8 3.2
Average age of the population 40.6 39.5 41.7 46.2 46.0 46.4 41.9 41.0 42.8 38.3 39.0 37.4 42.8 41.8 43.7
Median age of the population 38.8 38.0 39.6 48.0 48.0 48.4 41.6 40.4 42.8 35.6 38.4 34.4 43.2 42.0 44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 816,340 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Single-detached house 58,065 ... ... 140 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,671,920 ... ...
Semi-detached house 25,740 ... ... 15 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,080 ... ...
Row house 26,175 ... ... 0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 25 ... ... 98,625 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 107,565 ... ... 5 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 55 ... ... 271,245 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 464,420 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 250 ... ... 1,242,910 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 130,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 0 ... ... 225,745 ... ...
Other single-attached house 3,350 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0 ... ... 15,745 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 415 ... ... 0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 0 ... ... 23,760 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 330 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
1 person 341,345 ... ... 25 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 125 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ...
2 persons 242,175 ... ... 75 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 115 ... ... 1,295,730 ... ...
3 persons 103,550 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 50 ... ... 480,135 ... ...
4 persons 82,715 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 35 ... ... 427,605 ... ...
5 or more persons 46,560 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 15 ... ... 228,060 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,723,210 851,575 871,635 405 200 205 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 710 375 335 8,308,480 4,126,815 4,181,665
Average household size 2.1 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,492,520 729,715 762,810 345 175 175 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 620 325 295 7,110,470 3,488,670 3,621,805
Married or living common-law 705,905 356,290 349,615 235 115 120 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 265 130 130 3,967,915 1,986,770 1,981,145
Married 475,835 239,100 236,735 160 80 80 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 165 80 85 2,310,860 1,157,085 1,153,775
Living common-law 230,070 117,190 112,880 70 35 40 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 95 50 50 1,657,050 829,680 827,375
Living common law - Never married 196,170 99,370 96,795 50 25 25 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 80 40 40 1,345,765 671,000 674,765
Living common law - Separated 2,885 1,655 1,230 0 0 0 123,830 65,045 58,785 5 0 5 17,505 9,090 8,410
Living common law - Divorced 28,550 15,015 13,530 25 10 10 721,715 365,760 355,950 15 10 5 261,885 135,520 126,370
Living common law - Widowed 2,465 1,140 1,320 0 0 0 87,165 36,860 50,300 0 0 0 31,900 14,070 17,830
Not married and not living common-law 786,615 373,420 413,195 110 55 55 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 350 195 160 3,142,560 1,501,895 1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married 572,045 304,055 267,990 80 40 35 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 270 155 115 2,161,975 1,166,840 995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated 31,535 13,590 17,945 0 5 0 741,135 319,045 422,090 20 15 5 106,275 48,095 58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 113,315 41,760 71,560 10 0 5 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 40 20 25 494,210 197,455 296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 69,720 14,020 55,700 25 5 15 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 25 5 15 380,100 89,515 290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 428,615 ... ... 130 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 175 ... ... 2,323,410 ... ...
2 persons 221,015 ... ... 75 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 95 ... ... 1,267,980 ... ...
3 persons 92,715 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 40 ... ... 454,980 ... ...
4 persons 77,780 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 25 ... ... 412,850 ... ...
5 or more persons 37,105 ... ... 10 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 10 ... ... 187,600 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 428,610 ... ... 135 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 170 ... ... 2,323,410 ... ...
Total couple families 338,830 ... ... 120 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 125 ... ... 1,939,635 ... ...
Married couples 223,910 ... ... 80 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 75 ... ... 1,111,625 ... ...
With children6 133,435 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 45 ... ... 502,020 ... ...
Without children 90,475 ... ... 35 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 35 ... ... 609,605 ... ...
Common-law couples 114,915 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 50 ... ... 828,005 ... ...
With children6 41,490 ... ... 15 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 15 ... ... 401,885 ... ...
Without children 73,430 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 35 ... ... 426,120 ... ...
Total one-parent families 89,785 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 50 ... ... 383,775 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 72,595 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 40 ... ... 284,025 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 17,190 ... ... 5 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 10 ... ... 99,755 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 405 200 205 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 710 380 335 8,308,480 4,126,815 4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families 1,231,380 602,840 628,545 370 185 185 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 475 230 245 6,557,095 3,256,260 3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners 677,655 341,670 335,985 230 115 115 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 245 125 120 3,879,265 1,941,175 1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families 89,785 17,190 72,595 15 5 10 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 50 10 40 383,780 99,755 284,020
Children6 463,940 243,975 219,965 120 60 55 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 175 95 85 2,294,055 1,215,335 1,078,720
In a two-parent family 329,670 172,390 157,285 105 55 50 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 105 50 50 1,708,235 897,930 810,305
In a one-parent family 134,270 71,585 62,680 15 10 10 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 70 45 30 585,820 317,400 268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 491,830 248,740 243,090 40 15 20 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 240 145 90 1,751,380 870,550 880,825
Living alone 341,350 165,410 175,935 20 5 15 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 120 85 40 1,317,505 638,170 679,335
Living with other relatives7 45,070 20,400 24,670 15 5 5 927,345 393,085 534,260 30 25 10 165,070 74,060 91,005
Living with non-relatives only 105,415 62,925 42,485 5 5 5 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 80 45 40 268,810 158,325 110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 394,155 ... ... 120 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 150 ... ... 2,165,490 ... ...
Couple-family households 317,105 ... ... 110 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 115 ... ... 1,834,095 ... ...
With children6 163,645 ... ... 45 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 55 ... ... 851,835 ... ...
Without children 153,460 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 60 ... ... 982,260 ... ...
One-parent-family households 77,045 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 40 ... ... 331,395 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 11,240 ... ... 5 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 5 ... ... 50,790 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,730 ... ... 0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 5 ... ... 9,225 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 14,975 ... ... 10 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 10 ... ... 66,750 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 52,900 ... ... 5 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 40 ... ... 139,280 ... ...
One-person households 341,345 ... ... 25 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 125 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 345 170 170 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 615 325 295 6,918,720 3,414,440 3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,100 685,155 710,950 340 170 170 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 600 315 285 6,738,760 3,326,795 3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 38,800 35,600 46,800 50,000 42,400 41,200 46,400 36,800 36,800 37,600 34,800 40,800 44,800 37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,475 685,330 711,145 340 170 170 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 600 315 285 6,740,755 3,327,835 3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 33,200 34,400 32,400 40,000 42,400 36,400 36,800 40,800 33,600 32,800 33,600 31,200 36,400 39,200 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,227,255 612,060 615,200 315 160 155 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 535 290 250 6,054,780 3,047,745 3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,200 34,000 26,600 37,600 43,600 31,000 35,200 42,400 29,200 28,400 31,200 26,000 33,600 39,600 28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,021,705 527,390 494,315 225 115 110 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 490 265 225 4,874,570 2,537,900 2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,400 35,200 29,400 47,200 55,600 42,000 37,200 43,200 32,000 28,800 31,200 26,800 36,000 40,400 31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,175,325 551,265 624,060 260 120 140 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 510 255 255 5,596,585 2,627,215 2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,700 9,500 11,900 12,900 11,800 13,700 9,800 8,500 11,000 10,000 10,400 9,700 11,500 10,200 12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 157,000 78,185 78,815 30 15 15 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 85 50 35 837,635 441,080 396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,520 5,480 5,640 4,760 x x 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,480 6,240 3,760 5,520 5,520 5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 472,820 247,320 225,500 80 40 40 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 215 115 100 1,971,440 1,039,220 932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 9,800 10,000 8,500 7,000 6,500 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 315 165 160 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 650 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,365 685,790 710,575 310 160 150 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 625 315 310 6,738,410 3,326,975 3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,120 55,450 45,000 56,400 58,000 55,000 54,450 62,650 46,560 40,400 44,000 36,800 51,160 57,550 44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,760 685,970 710,790 310 160 150 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 625 315 310 6,740,360 3,328,000 3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,680 43,560 37,880 46,800 47,000 46,000 44,920 50,320 39,680 34,800 37,200 32,400 41,840 45,760 38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,226,320 612,170 614,155 285 150 130 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 575 290 285 6,053,525 3,047,850 3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,350 38,800 50,400 53,000 47,000 50,240 59,500 41,000 33,000 37,200 28,600 45,480 52,900 38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,021,715 527,765 493,950 225 115 110 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 500 240 255 4,874,615 2,538,865 2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,120 51,700 40,200 54,800 58,000 51,000 50,280 58,050 42,000 33,600 38,800 28,400 46,240 51,950 40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,174,640 550,810 623,830 220 95 125 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 540 255 285 5,593,790 2,625,895 2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,020 10,830 13,080 13,300 10,600 15,400 11,170 10,180 12,060 11,560 11,600 11,500 12,410 11,500 13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 156,980 78,065 78,920 20 0 0 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 80 55 20 837,180 441,665 395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,800 6,070 7,510 18,000 ... ... 7,050 6,710 7,370 6,400 5,600 9,000 7,040 6,380 7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 471,875 247,465 224,410 50 25 20 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 240 135 110 1,966,120 1,039,080 927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,130 9,180 9,080 7,200 6,400 8,000 8,920 8,740 9,100 9,600 9,600 9,800 8,130 7,910 8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 315 160 155 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 655 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 452,020 244,470 207,545 155 85 70 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 195 115 85 2,305,655 1,246,645 1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 61,600 55,200 65,000 65,000 64,500 63,600 69,000 58,000 50,400 57,200 46,400 58,400 62,800 53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,000 81,500 65,100 66,000 67,000 66,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 56,800 62,000 50,000 69,700 76,600 61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 450,610 222,280 228,330 45 20 30 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 250 110 140 2,014,360 990,380 1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,400 17,400 15,600 40,400 x x 18,400 21,000 16,600 14,200 17,400 14,000 18,600 21,400 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,120 28,320 24,020 38,000 48,000 32,000 29,160 33,960 24,860 20,800 19,600 21,600 28,160 32,120 24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 79.8 84.4 74.4 84.0 88.0 78.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 75.5 79.0 71.0 79.8 84.2 74.4
Employment income (%)19 67.4 71.8 62.1 70.0 74.0 66.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 66.5 68.0 64.0 65.4 68.8 61.0
Government transfers (%)20 20.2 15.7 25.5 16.8 11.6 23.0 17.8 13.7 23.1 24.8 21.6 28.8 20.1 15.8 25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.6 x x 1.4 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.9 6.5 7.4 2.5 2.2 2.9 5.4 4.5 6.6 10.1 9.8 10.6 5.4 4.8 6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 6.2 6.0 6.4 1.9 1.8 2.0 4.7 4.0 5.5 9.2 9.2 9.2 4.6 4.3 5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 345 170 175 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 620 325 295 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275
Without total income 57,180 28,440 28,735 5 0 0 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 15 5 10 179,955 87,650 92,310
With total income 1,396,100 685,155 710,945 340 170 170 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 600 320 285 6,738,765 3,326,800 3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss) 120,165 57,640 62,520 25 10 10 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 40 15 20 462,400 204,245 258,155
$10,000 to $19,999 179,185 83,775 95,410 40 15 25 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 90 40 45 809,375 334,315 475,065
$20,000 to $29,999 259,695 119,565 140,135 40 15 25 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 120 65 55 1,124,265 499,780 624,485
$30,000 to $39,999 194,585 93,585 101,000 40 15 20 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 90 55 40 896,520 414,070 482,445
$40,000 to $49,999 163,390 78,450 84,940 40 25 20 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 80 35 45 849,005 411,680 437,325
$50,000 to $59,999 123,115 58,355 64,755 35 25 15 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 60 45 20 687,020 345,720 341,305
$60,000 to $69,999 88,460 43,350 45,110 40 15 25 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 40 25 20 503,110 271,695 231,415
$70,000 to $79,999 64,815 33,230 31,590 20 10 10 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 25 10 10 367,455 208,475 158,980
$80,000 to $89,999 50,645 26,325 24,320 10 5 5 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 15 5 5 284,690 158,760 125,930
$90,000 to $99,999 36,060 19,280 16,785 10 5 0 965,950 553,435 412,510 15 10 5 198,140 112,355 85,780
$100,000 and over 115,980 71,595 44,385 35 25 10 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 20 10 15 556,780 365,700 191,080
$100,000 to $149,999 74,835 44,155 30,680 30 20 10 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 20 5 10 385,890 245,635 140,260
$150,000 and over 41,145 27,440 13,705 5 5 0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 5 0 0 170,890 120,065 50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 345 170 175 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 620 325 295 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275
Without after-tax income 56,805 28,265 28,535 5 0 0 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 15 5 10 177,960 86,610 91,355
With after-tax income 1,396,475 685,335 711,140 340 170 170 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 600 320 285 6,740,760 3,327,835 3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss) 124,825 59,490 65,335 25 10 15 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 40 15 25 495,035 214,000 281,030
$10,000 to $19,999 188,395 88,605 99,785 40 15 25 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 90 45 45 853,250 356,480 496,765
$20,000 to $29,999 303,115 142,120 161,000 45 20 30 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 140 80 65 1,316,685 592,685 723,995
$30,000 to $39,999 231,960 113,680 118,280 55 25 25 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 120 75 50 1,127,905 544,940 582,965
$40,000 to $49,999 183,475 88,390 95,090 45 25 20 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 90 50 40 994,235 505,970 488,265
$50,000 to $59,999 123,490 59,975 63,515 45 20 30 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 55 25 30 691,015 372,870 318,145
$60,000 to $69,999 81,775 41,055 40,725 25 15 10 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 30 15 20 459,665 251,490 208,170
$70,000 to $79,999 52,690 27,360 25,330 20 15 10 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 20 10 5 292,135 160,985 131,150
$80,000 to $89,999 32,505 18,175 14,325 20 10 5 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 10 5 0 174,905 104,610 70,295
$90,000 to $99,999 21,155 12,260 8,890 0 0 0 643,700 402,325 241,380 0 0 0 106,165 67,055 39,105
$100,000 and over 53,090 34,210 18,885 10 10 0 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 5 5 0 229,765 156,750 73,020
$100,000 to $124,999 25,835 15,730 10,105 5 0 0 792,455 530,970 261,490 5 5 0 119,125 78,615 40,515
$125,000 and over 27,260 18,485 8,775 5 5 0 804,335 578,645 225,695 0 0 0 110,635 78,130 32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 345 170 175 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 620 325 295 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275
Without employment income 431,575 186,210 245,365 120 55 60 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 125 55 70 2,044,155 876,545 1,167,610
With employment income 1,021,705 527,385 494,320 220 115 110 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 490 265 225 4,874,565 2,537,900 2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss) 145,910 71,820 74,090 35 15 20 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 65 40 25 644,075 331,770 312,300
$5,000 to $9,999 99,605 47,595 52,010 10 0 5 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 50 25 25 401,185 180,585 220,595
$10,000 to $19,999 136,545 66,030 70,515 15 5 15 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 80 40 40 603,350 273,725 329,620
$20,000 to $29,999 105,255 51,415 53,840 10 5 10 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 55 30 25 495,105 228,670 266,435
$30,000 to $39,999 98,425 50,780 47,640 20 10 10 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 55 30 25 488,000 239,620 248,380
$40,000 to $49,999 94,645 47,585 47,065 25 10 15 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 50 25 25 485,845 242,230 243,610
$50,000 to $59,999 76,170 39,085 37,085 25 10 10 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 40 25 10 403,980 217,425 186,560
$60,000 to $69,999 59,460 31,825 27,635 20 10 10 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 35 20 15 320,700 184,770 135,935
$70,000 to $79,999 46,765 25,580 21,185 15 10 0 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 15 15 0 250,635 147,020 103,615
$80,000 to $89,999 40,295 21,350 18,945 10 5 5 929,490 539,395 390,095 10 5 5 218,100 120,085 98,020
$90,000 to $99,999 27,160 15,825 11,340 10 5 0 760,035 439,505 320,530 15 10 5 141,540 86,090 55,450
$100,000 and over 91,480 58,500 32,980 30 20 10 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 20 10 10 422,055 285,910 136,145
$100,000 to $124,999 40,345 24,630 15,710 20 15 5 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 15 5 10 205,085 133,500 71,585
$125,000 and over 51,135 33,870 17,270 10 5 0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 5 5 0 216,965 152,410 64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 345 170 170 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 615 325 295 6,918,720 3,414,440 3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,225 663,385 691,840 325 160 170 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 585 310 275 6,612,685 3,260,635 3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 35,600 31,200 46,000 52,000 38,800 39,200 45,200 34,000 30,400 34,800 27,600 38,400 43,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,570 663,490 692,080 325 160 170 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 585 310 275 6,615,985 3,261,090 3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,800 39,200 44,000 36,000 35,200 40,000 31,200 28,400 30,600 26,200 34,000 37,600 30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,196,380 596,375 600,005 305 150 155 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 515 270 245 5,956,320 3,000,865 2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,400 35,200 27,800 40,800 47,600 30,600 36,800 44,000 30,800 28,200 32,400 23,400 34,800 40,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,000,475 515,695 484,790 225 120 110 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 470 245 220 4,872,155 2,530,660 2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 36,000 30,200 48,000 52,000 41,200 38,000 44,400 32,800 28,800 32,800 24,800 36,400 41,200 31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,066,120 490,855 575,265 230 100 135 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 450 235 215 5,078,320 2,330,945 2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,280 2,660 7,150 10,700 9,900 10,700 4,240 1,960 6,450 3,840 3,480 5,360 7,800 5,640 9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 104,820 51,840 52,980 20 10 10 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 60 35 30 727,165 390,255 336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,080 4,640 5,640 x x x 5,720 5,560 5,960 5,040 5,040 5,120 5,000 4,760 5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 315 165 160 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 650 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,285 663,595 691,695 300 150 150 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 620 310 305 6,612,430 3,260,240 3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,600 52,150 41,320 58,800 57,000 61,000 52,350 61,250 43,800 35,000 40,400 29,800 48,600 55,500 41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,700 663,725 691,975 300 150 150 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 620 310 305 6,615,755 3,260,690 3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,760 40,880 34,720 48,000 47,000 50,000 42,920 49,000 37,160 30,000 33,600 26,400 39,600 44,000 35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,195,295 596,055 599,245 285 145 135 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 575 290 285 5,954,375 3,000,415 2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,600 38,600 54,400 54,000 55,000 51,040 60,800 41,320 31,500 38,400 24,600 45,920 53,800 37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 999,875 515,515 484,355 230 115 115 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 480 245 240 4,871,600 2,530,795 2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,040 51,800 39,920 53,200 56,000 50,000 50,560 58,800 41,800 33,200 40,400 26,200 46,240 52,450 39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,066,040 490,710 575,335 220 95 125 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 460 230 230 5,076,255 2,328,310 2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,160 6,610 9,490 11,300 9,200 13,000 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,640 6,700 8,600 9,450 8,430 10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 104,790 51,525 53,260 20 0 0 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 70 35 35 727,815 390,880 336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,380 5,970 8,740 10,000 ... ... 7,560 6,880 8,210 4,600 4,800 4,400 7,020 5,975 8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 315 160 155 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 655 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 446,040 241,000 205,040 155 85 70 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 195 115 85 2,290,755 1,238,260 1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 52,800 56,400 49,600 60,800 57,600 62,000 60,000 66,000 53,600 40,000 54,000 38,000 54,800 60,000 49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,700 75,300 58,700 63,000 63,000 62,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 51,600 59,000 41,000 65,400 72,900 56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 411,950 203,780 208,170 45 20 30 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 210 100 115 1,894,930 934,230 960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 21,600 23,200 20,400 41,200 x x 24,200 28,000 21,800 17,600 17,000 17,600 23,600 27,200 21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 31,400 34,200 28,640 46,000 52,000 40,000 35,200 41,280 29,720 23,600 24,400 22,800 33,000 37,800 28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 86.2 90.6 80.8 86.0 92.0 84.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 84.0 88.0 78.0 85.0 89.2 79.8
Employment income (%) 72.8 77.2 67.6 69.0 74.0 62.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 74.0 77.0 69.0 70.0 73.4 66.0
Government transfers (%) 13.8 9.4 19.1 13.6 10.0 17.5 12.3 8.9 16.9 16.4 12.2 22.0 14.9 10.8 20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 x x 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 816,335 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 330 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 63,600 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 65,500 ... ... 72,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 56,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 63,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 341,345 ... ... 25 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 125 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,600 ... ... 51,200 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 45,200 ... ... 38,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 33,600 ... ... 42,800 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 38,400 ... ... 34,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 474,990 ... ... 135 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 210 ... ... 2,431,530 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 72,500 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,700 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 74,800 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 69,600 ... ... 96,000 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 64,400 ... ... 75,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 341,250 ... ... 15 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 105 ... ... 1,317,070 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,400 ... ... 45,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 58,000 ... ... 47,680 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,760 ... ... 40,000 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 48,000 ... ... 39,640 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 475,105 ... ... 135 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 235 ... ... 2,431,965 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,600 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 71,500 ... ... 94,500 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 816,335 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 330 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Under $5,000 17,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 0 ... ... 35,920 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 9,785 ... ... 0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 0 ... ... 23,880 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 16,775 ... ... 0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 5 ... ... 52,080 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 24,425 ... ... 0 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 0 ... ... 82,470 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 54,215 ... ... 0 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 20 ... ... 218,185 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 38,420 ... ... 5 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 15 ... ... 144,420 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 37,880 ... ... 0 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 15 ... ... 143,285 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 38,590 ... ... 0 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 20 ... ... 172,005 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 39,530 ... ... 5 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 20 ... ... 174,790 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 37,970 ... ... 0 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 20 ... ... 166,990 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 69,550 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 30 ... ... 310,880 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 62,125 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 35 ... ... 280,505 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 55,220 ... ... 15 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 25 ... ... 255,770 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,040 ... ... 10 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 25 ... ... 235,235 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 41,220 ... ... 5 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 25 ... ... 208,320 ... ...
$100,000 and over 224,580 ... ... 80 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 75 ... ... 1,244,285 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 76,005 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 30 ... ... 414,805 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 48,680 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 25 ... ... 282,590 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 51,900 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 15 ... ... 307,835 ... ...
$200,000 and over 47,995 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 239,060 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 816,335 ... ... 155 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 330 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Under $5,000 18,250 ... ... 0 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 0 ... ... 40,590 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 0 ... ... 24,960 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 17,050 ... ... 0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 5 ... ... 53,600 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 26,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 0 ... ... 87,695 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 59,285 ... ... 0 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 20 ... ... 234,875 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 46,355 ... ... 5 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 20 ... ... 177,135 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 45,485 ... ... 5 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 25 ... ... 180,150 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 47,370 ... ... 5 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 20 ... ... 213,760 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 46,995 ... ... 0 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 20 ... ... 210,280 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 43,530 ... ... 5 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 25 ... ... 193,530 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 78,470 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 40 ... ... 356,325 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 68,975 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 30 ... ... 322,530 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 59,285 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 30 ... ... 289,580 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,000 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 25 ... ... 254,885 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 39,955 ... ... 10 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 10 ... ... 216,370 ... ...
$100,000 and over 160,295 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 55 ... ... 892,775 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 68,460 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 45 ... ... 387,835 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 38,400 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 15 ... ... 225,830 ... ...
$150,000 and over 53,430 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 0 ... ... 279,105 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 435,310 ... ... 135 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 185 ... ... 2,331,170 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 156,425 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 65 ... ... 991,710 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 72,500 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 175,465 ... ... 60 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 60 ... ... 907,765 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 135,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 101,000 ... ... 130,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 86,340 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 45 ... ... 368,845 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... x ... ... 70,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,800 ... ... x ... ... 64,000 ... ... 56,400 ... ... 61,600 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 446,765 228,335 218,420 30 15 15 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 200 130 80 1,586,315 796,490 789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,400 33,600 42,800 x x 38,400 40,000 36,800 35,600 36,400 29,800 36,800 39,200 34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 30,800 31,000 30,800 37,600 x x 34,800 36,000 33,600 30,400 32,400 28,800 33,200 34,800 31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 435,360 ... ... 135 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 215 ... ... 2,330,645 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,400 ... ... 122,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 92,800 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 72,500 ... ... 95,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 156,545 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 85 ... ... 992,110 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 109,200 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 101,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,500 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 82,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 175,580 ... ... 70 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 75 ... ... 909,160 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 144,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 151,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,400 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 121,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 86,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 50 ... ... 367,155 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,300 ... ... ... ... ... 82,300 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 78,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,100 ... ... x ... ... 71,800 ... ... 52,000 ... ... 67,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 446,290 227,645 218,645 20 15 0 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 175 95 80 1,585,705 796,290 789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,280 45,400 43,080 40,000 40,000 ... 49,440 52,050 46,880 42,400 50,000 33,500 45,480 48,000 42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,760 37,240 36,240 34,000 36,000 ... 41,560 43,080 40,120 35,600 42,000 28,800 38,040 39,400 36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,723,215 851,580 871,635 410 200 205 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 710 375 335 8,308,480 4,126,810 4,181,665
0 to 17 years 316,605 161,795 154,815 75 40 35 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 105 55 50 1,648,330 844,730 803,600
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,865 52,630 20 10 10 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 35 20 15 515,725 264,785 250,935
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,585 567,820 230 115 110 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 525 280 245 5,060,160 2,529,275 2,530,885
65 years and over 266,200 117,200 149,000 105 50 60 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 80 40 35 1,599,990 752,815 847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 299,080 143,995 155,085 15 5 15 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 120 65 55 992,235 463,295 528,940
0 to 17 years 49,430 25,350 24,085 0 0 0 854,565 439,490 415,075 25 15 15 159,530 82,000 77,530
0 to 5 years 17,500 8,905 8,595 0 0 0 282,315 144,250 138,065 15 10 5 53,105 27,240 25,870
18 to 64 years 184,970 93,610 91,360 10 5 5 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 80 45 40 515,470 256,435 259,035
65 years and over 64,675 25,040 39,635 5 0 5 985,745 391,695 594,050 15 10 5 317,235 124,865 192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 17.4 16.9 17.8 3.6 x 5.0 11.1 10.5 11.6 16.8 18.0 15.2 11.9 11.2 12.7
0 to 17 years (%) 15.6 15.7 15.6 x x x 11.9 11.9 11.9 24.0 24.0 24.0 9.7 9.7 9.7
0 to 5 years (%) 16.3 16.2 16.3 x x x 12.7 12.7 12.7 28.0 40.0 20.0 10.3 10.3 10.3
18 to 64 years (%) 16.2 16.3 16.1 4.0 x 5.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 14.8 14.8 15.0 10.2 10.1 10.2
65 years and over (%) 24.3 21.4 26.6 6.0 x 10.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 18.0 28.0 x 19.8 16.6 22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 405 200 205 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 710 380 335 8,268,130 4,106,780 4,161,350
0 to 17 years 316,610 161,790 154,815 75 35 40 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 105 55 50 1,634,715 837,715 797,005
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,870 52,635 15 5 15 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 40 15 20 511,400 262,535 248,860
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,580 567,825 225 115 115 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 530 280 250 5,037,010 2,517,975 2,519,035
65 years and over 266,195 117,200 148,995 105 45 55 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 80 40 35 1,596,400 751,095 845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 199,665 102,220 97,440 10 0 5 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 80 50 35 439,850 223,055 216,795
0 to 17 years 26,605 13,610 12,995 0 0 0 319,545 164,490 155,060 10 10 5 61,665 31,610 30,060
0 to 5 years 9,255 4,715 4,540 0 0 0 99,435 50,875 48,560 5 0 0 19,815 10,190 9,630
18 to 64 years 144,765 77,525 67,235 5 5 5 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 60 30 30 313,970 167,015 146,955
65 years and over 28,295 11,090 17,205 0 0 0 199,155 83,010 116,145 10 10 0 64,210 24,430 39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 11.6 12.0 11.2 1.6 x x 5.2 5.4 5.0 11.6 13.2 10.0 5.3 5.4 5.2
0 to 17 years (%) 8.4 8.4 8.4 x x x 4.5 4.6 4.5 10.0 16.0 x 3.8 3.8 3.8
0 to 5 years (%) 8.6 8.6 8.6 x x x 4.6 4.6 4.6 12.0 x x 3.9 3.9 3.9
18 to 64 years (%) 12.7 13.5 11.8 x x x 6.0 6.4 5.7 12.0 11.0 13.0 6.2 6.6 5.8
65 years and over (%) 10.6 9.5 11.6 x x x 3.1 2.7 3.3 12.0 20.0 x 4.0 3.3 4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,723,215 851,575 871,635 410 200 205 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 710 375 335 8,308,480 4,126,810 4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution 1,097,735 535,190 562,545 190 85 100 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 480 255 220 4,667,030 2,270,130 2,396,895
In bottom decile 278,660 138,645 140,020 15 5 10 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 140 75 65 851,840 407,705 444,140
In second decile 226,095 107,680 118,415 15 5 10 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 95 45 45 920,490 434,730 485,760
In third decile 221,215 107,370 113,845 35 20 20 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 95 60 40 969,255 471,650 497,600
In fourth decile 197,520 96,110 101,415 50 30 25 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 65 35 25 978,345 482,760 495,590
In fifth decile 174,245 85,395 88,855 65 25 35 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 85 50 40 947,090 473,285 473,810
In top half of the distribution 625,475 316,385 309,090 220 115 105 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 230 115 115 3,641,455 1,856,685 1,784,765
In sixth decile 150,945 74,795 76,155 50 20 25 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 110 55 55 899,660 454,970 444,690
In seventh decile 134,455 67,455 67,000 35 15 20 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 45 25 25 837,225 425,400 411,830
In eighth decile 121,350 61,450 59,900 45 25 20 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 25 15 10 752,410 383,450 368,955
In ninth decile 108,785 55,650 53,130 70 35 30 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 40 20 20 634,425 325,700 308,730
In top decile 109,935 57,030 52,905 25 10 10 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 10 5 0 517,725 267,160 250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,723,210 ... ... 405 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 710 ... ... 8,308,480 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.374 ... ... 0.241 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.270 ... ... 0.328 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.516 ... ... 0.348 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.411 ... ... 0.456 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.318 ... ... 0.210 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.235 ... ... 0.280 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.0 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 405 200 210 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 710 380 335 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
English only 207,690 107,915 99,775 0 0 0 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 45 15 25 445,575 228,840 216,735
French only 473,490 215,190 258,295 200 90 110 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 330 165 170 3,980,275 1,864,675 2,115,605
English and French 1,018,100 519,275 498,830 200 110 90 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 315 195 125 3,898,980 2,035,230 1,863,750
Neither English nor French 41,975 16,745 25,230 5 0 5 689,725 284,170 405,555 15 5 10 82,075 35,200 46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 405 200 210 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 710 380 335 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
English 457,725 231,930 225,795 15 10 5 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 65 25 40 1,088,820 548,595 540,225
French 1,091,480 533,590 557,890 375 190 185 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 590 320 275 6,909,570 3,412,705 3,496,860
English and French 151,345 77,485 73,865 10 5 5 476,175 237,635 238,535 45 25 15 329,515 169,050 160,465
Neither English nor French 40,705 16,120 24,585 5 0 5 673,100 275,685 397,420 15 5 10 79,000 33,590 45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 405 200 210 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 710 380 335 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
Single responses 1,615,770 796,000 819,775 390 190 200 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 665 355 315 8,098,360 4,008,495 4,089,865
Official languages 1,044,150 518,340 525,805 315 160 160 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 480 270 220 6,930,810 3,438,050 3,492,755
English 225,920 115,155 110,765 10 5 5 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 15 5 10 639,365 323,170 316,195
French 818,225 403,185 415,040 310 155 155 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 470 260 205 6,291,440 3,114,885 3,176,565
Non-official languages 571,625 277,655 293,970 70 35 40 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 185 85 100 1,167,550 570,440 597,110
Indigenous languages39 355 125 230 0 0 0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0 0 0 41,820 20,480 21,345
Algonquian languages 190 70 120 0 0 0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0 0 0 28,925 14,200 14,730
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 165 60 105 0 0 0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0 0 0 27,870 13,715 14,160
Atikamekw 25 5 20 0 0 0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0 0 0 5,490 2,825 2,665
Cree languages 95 35 60 0 0 0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0 0 0 14,905 7,410 7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 0 0 0 20 10 10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 580 300 280 0 0 0 565 290 275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 35 15 20 0 0 0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0 0 0 3,235 1,565 1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0 0 0 70 40 35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0 0 0 90 50 40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0 0 0 60 25 35
Cree, n.o.s. 50 20 30 0 0 0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0 0 0 10,870 5,435 5,435
Innu (Montagnais) 35 10 20 0 0 0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 0 6,870 3,180 3,695
Naskapi 5 0 5 0 0 0 625 310 315 0 0 0 610 300 310
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0 0 0 190 75 115
Mi'kmaq 5 0 5 0 0 0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0 0 0 190 75 110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 0 0 0 5 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0 0 0 860 410 450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 15 10 10 0 0 0 865 400 460 0 0 0 820 385 435
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0 0 0 10 5 5
Ojibway languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0 0 0 30 15 10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0 0 0 470 235 235 0 0 0 20 10 10
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 0 0 0 5 5 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 5 0 0 0 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0 0 0 10 5 5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0 0 0 15 10 10
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0 0 0 15 10 10
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 0 0 0 5 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 0 0 0 10 5 5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 120 150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 0 0 0 10 5 5
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 135 30 105 0 0 0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0 0 0 12,775 6,220 6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 135 30 105 0 0 0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0 0 0 12,770 6,220 6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0 0 0 355 150 205 0 0 0 65 30 40
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 5 0 0 0 275 115 155 0 0 0 60 30 35
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 0 0 0 0 5 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 0 0 0 0 5 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 155 170 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 0 0 0 15 5 15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 0 0 0 15 10 5
Non-Indigenous languages 571,270 277,530 293,740 70 35 40 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 185 85 100 1,125,730 549,960 575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages 119,100 63,230 55,865 10 5 5 698,355 359,625 338,730 25 20 10 233,220 122,895 110,320
Berber languages 15,445 8,305 7,140 10 0 5 27,490 14,715 12,775 5 5 0 25,990 13,860 12,130
Kabyle 14,315 7,650 6,660 10 0 5 24,760 13,130 11,625 5 5 0 23,735 12,570 11,165
Tamazight 985 570 415 0 0 0 2,340 1,365 975 0 0 0 1,975 1,130 840
Berber languages, n.i.e. 150 85 65 0 0 0 395 225 170 0 0 0 285 160 125
Chadic languages 335 180 160 0 0 0 1,985 1,085 905 0 0 0 980 510 470
Hausa 175 100 70 0 0 0 1,315 740 570 0 0 0 425 235 190
Mina 165 80 90 0 0 0 675 340 335 0 0 0 555 280 280
Coptic 165 90 75 0 0 0 1,015 510 505 0 0 0 320 170 150
Cushitic languages 765 360 410 0 0 0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0 0 0 1,330 620 705
Bilen 20 10 10 0 0 0 2,020 1,085 935 0 0 0 20 10 10
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0 0 0 5 5 5
Somali 735 345 390 0 0 0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0 0 0 1,275 595 680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 755 400 350 0 0 0 25 15 15
Semitic languages 102,380 54,295 48,085 0 0 0 618,450 320,045 298,405 25 15 10 204,600 107,735 96,865
Amharic 495 235 255 0 0 0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0 0 0 735 345 385
Arabic 99,450 52,790 46,660 0 0 0 508,410 265,350 243,060 25 15 10 198,785 104,765 94,020
Aramaic languages 120 50 65 0 0 0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0 0 0 525 250 270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 40 15 25 0 0 0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0 0 0 170 85 90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 5 5 0 0 0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0 0 0 45 20 25
Aramaic, n.o.s. 70 30 40 0 0 0 1,600 805 795 0 0 0 300 150 155
Harari 5 5 0 0 0 0 1,220 550 675 0 0 0 10 5 5
Hebrew 1,580 845 735 0 0 0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0 0 0 3,680 1,930 1,750
Maltese 5 0 5 0 0 0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0 0 0 20 5 20
Tigrigna 705 360 340 0 0 0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0 0 0 810 415 395
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 450 235 220 0 0 0 40 20 20
Austro-Asiatic languages 23,210 10,690 12,525 5 0 5 192,985 87,230 105,750 15 5 10 37,425 17,185 20,240
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,580 2,090 2,500 0 0 0 19,525 8,820 10,705 10 0 5 8,730 3,975 4,755
Vietnamese 18,595 8,585 10,005 0 0 0 173,000 78,180 94,820 10 5 5 28,630 13,180 15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 35 20 15 0 0 0 460 230 225 0 0 0 60 30 30
Austronesian languages 15,495 6,045 9,455 0 0 0 565,375 238,875 326,500 0 0 0 25,580 10,200 15,375
Bikol 85 40 50 0 0 0 2,115 940 1,180 0 0 0 140 55 80
Bisaya, n.o.s. 305 120 180 0 0 0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0 0 0 465 175 290
Cebuano 680 250 430 0 0 0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0 0 0 1,050 370 685
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 0 0 0 5 0 0
Hiligaynon 390 130 260 0 0 0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0 0 0 590 205 385
Ilocano 1,650 670 980 0 0 0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0 0 0 2,125 855 1,275
Indonesian 405 165 240 0 0 0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0 0 0 730 255 475
Kankanaey 15 10 5 0 0 0 1,100 465 640 0 0 0 20 10 10
Kinaray-a 25 10 15 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0 25 10 20
Malagasy languages 410 185 225 0 0 0 2,085 990 1,090 0 0 0 1,810 870 940
Merina 285 120 160 0 0 0 1,245 580 670 0 0 0 1,180 545 630
Malagasy, n.o.s. 130 65 65 0 0 0 835 415 425 0 0 0 630 325 310
Malay 45 20 30 0 0 0 1,330 570 760 0 0 0 75 30 50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 160 75 90 0 0 0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0 0 0 225 95 130
Pangasinan 90 40 50 0 0 0 2,050 900 1,150 0 0 0 120 55 70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,970 4,220 6,755 0 0 0 461,150 194,805 266,345 0 0 0 17,710 7,005 10,705
Waray-Waray 40 15 20 0 0 0 1,625 690 935 0 0 0 65 20 45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 215 100 115 0 0 0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0 0 0 410 185 230
Creole languages 36,965 16,655 20,310 5 0 5 78,235 35,650 42,580 15 5 10 62,640 28,375 34,265
Haitian Creole 27,145 12,010 15,135 5 0 0 52,435 23,355 29,085 10 5 10 46,475 20,690 25,785
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 600 315 290 0 0 0 20 5 10
Krio 10 10 5 0 0 0 795 365 435 0 0 0 10 5 5
Morisyen 910 440 470 0 0 0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0 0 0 3,115 1,555 1,555
Sango 50 25 20 0 0 0 580 280 300 0 0 0 490 240 250
Creole, n.o.s. 8,605 4,065 4,535 0 0 0 15,550 7,325 8,230 5 0 5 11,980 5,620 6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e. 230 100 125 0 0 0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0 0 0 555 255 300
Dravidian languages 12,090 6,330 5,765 0 0 0 244,165 125,180 118,990 0 0 0 18,350 9,425 8,925
Kannada 225 140 90 0 0 0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0 0 0 375 215 160
Malayalam 1,315 700 610 0 0 0 54,050 29,375 24,670 0 0 0 1,800 945 850
Tamil 9,175 4,555 4,615 0 0 0 152,850 75,010 77,845 0 0 0 14,235 7,030 7,205
Telugu 1,350 915 430 0 0 0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0 0 0 1,895 1,215 680
Tulu 15 10 5 0 0 0 615 310 305 0 0 0 25 10 15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 370 170 195 0 0 0 20 10 10
Georgian 105 45 55 0 0 0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0 0 0 150 70 80
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 305 0 0 0 5 0 5
Indo-European languages 289,040 139,810 149,235 45 25 25 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 90 35 50 595,790 290,670 305,115
Albanian 1,795 885 910 0 0 0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0 0 0 3,310 1,660 1,650
Armenian 5,565 2,645 2,920 0 0 0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0 0 0 16,890 8,225 8,670
Balto-Slavic languages 29,665 13,025 16,635 0 0 0 648,810 297,100 351,710 10 0 5 68,295 30,855 37,435
Baltic languages 315 125 195 0 0 0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0 0 0 725 285 440
Latvian 115 55 60 0 0 0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0 0 0 235 100 135
Lithuanian 205 70 140 0 0 0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0 0 0 490 185 300
Slavic languages 29,350 12,905 16,445 0 0 0 638,250 292,670 345,580 10 0 5 67,565 30,570 36,995
Belarusian 30 15 15 0 0 0 720 325 395 0 0 0 75 35 40
Bulgarian 3,100 1,440 1,660 0 0 0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0 0 0 6,735 3,240 3,495
Czech 555 255 300 0 0 0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0 0 0 1,345 625 725
Macedonian 95 40 55 0 0 0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0 0 0 220 110 115
Polish 5,875 2,530 3,345 0 0 0 160,170 72,120 88,050 0 0 0 12,495 5,380 7,120
Russian 14,020 6,080 7,940 0 0 0 197,905 89,100 108,800 5 0 0 31,700 14,115 17,590
Rusyn 5 5 0 0 0 0 500 240 255 0 0 0 0 5 0
Serbo-Croatian 2,580 1,265 1,320 0 0 0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0 0 0 8,415 4,180 4,235
Bosnian 340 170 175 0 0 0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0 0 0 2,065 1,040 1,030
Croatian 865 415 450 0 0 0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0 0 0 2,380 1,155 1,225
Serbian 1,300 645 650 0 0 0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0 0 0 3,720 1,865 1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0 0 0 1,995 945 1,045 0 0 0 250 120 125
Slovak 345 130 220 0 0 0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0 0 0 855 380 475
Slovene (Slovenian) 240 100 140 0 0 0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0 0 0 600 265 335
Ukrainian 2,490 1,045 1,440 0 0 0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0 0 0 5,065 2,220 2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 440 235 205 0 0 0 50 25 30
Celtic languages 40 25 10 0 0 0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0 0 0 130 80 55
Irish 10 5 0 0 0 0 665 355 315 0 0 0 25 20 5
Scottish Gaelic 0 5 0 0 0 0 425 210 210 0 0 0 20 10 5
Welsh 15 10 5 0 0 0 825 410 420 0 0 0 40 25 20
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 230 135 95 0 0 0 55 30 20
Germanic languages 11,285 5,660 5,630 0 0 0 463,400 221,365 242,035 0 0 0 25,580 12,440 13,140
Frisian 5 5 0 0 0 0 1,570 800 775 0 0 0 15 10 10
High German languages 9,860 4,925 4,935 0 0 0 301,570 142,580 158,990 0 0 0 21,145 10,240 10,910
German 3,360 1,560 1,795 0 0 0 272,865 128,250 144,615 0 0 0 11,055 5,090 5,970
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 235 125 110 0 0 0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0 0 0 1,110 565 540
Yiddish 6,270 3,240 3,025 0 0 0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0 0 0 8,980 4,585 4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 895 465 430 0 0 0 138,655 67,815 70,840 0 0 0 3,175 1,580 1,590
Afrikaans 65 40 25 0 0 0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0 0 0 170 90 80
Dutch 740 390 345 0 0 0 80,315 39,000 41,310 0 0 0 2,590 1,305 1,285
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 5 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 625 0 0 0 5 0 0
Plautdietsch 5 0 5 0 0 0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0 0 0 10 5 10
Vlaams (Flemish) 85 35 50 0 0 0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0 0 0 400 185 220
Scandinavian languages 480 245 230 0 0 0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0 0 0 1,140 560 575
Danish 150 70 80 0 0 0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0 0 0 360 175 185
Icelandic 30 15 15 0 0 0 905 430 480 0 0 0 60 30 30
Norwegian 65 35 30 0 0 0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0 0 0 190 100 85
Swedish 230 120 110 0 0 0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0 0 0 530 260 275
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 45 15 30 0 0 0 1,330 670 660 0 0 0 105 50 55
Greek 14,410 6,805 7,605 0 0 0 93,335 45,860 47,470 0 0 0 34,080 16,735 17,345
Indo-Iranian languages 58,285 30,880 27,410 0 0 0 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 40 15 30 101,450 52,780 48,665
Indo-Aryan languages 42,700 23,120 19,580 0 0 0 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 40 15 25 63,025 33,465 29,555
Assamese 20 10 10 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0 30 20 15
Bengali 9,850 5,065 4,785 0 0 0 87,580 45,160 42,425 10 5 0 12,140 6,220 5,920
Gujarati 4,805 2,565 2,235 0 0 0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0 0 0 7,070 3,655 3,415
Hindi 3,655 2,135 1,520 0 0 0 152,825 79,585 73,240 0 0 0 5,445 3,080 2,360
Kacchi 90 40 45 0 0 0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0 0 0 170 80 90
Kashmiri 25 15 5 0 0 0 745 395 350 0 0 0 40 25 15
Konkani 55 35 20 0 0 0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0 0 0 80 40 35
Marathi 345 200 145 0 0 0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0 0 0 520 285 235
Nepali 330 170 160 0 0 0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0 0 0 1,105 560 545
Oriya languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 1,775 940 835 0 0 0 65 35 30
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 1,125 615 510 0 0 0 40 25 20
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0 0 0 645 325 320 0 0 0 25 10 15
Punjabi (Panjabi) 16,345 9,050 7,290 0 0 0 666,585 341,515 325,065 30 5 20 23,825 12,975 10,855
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0 115 45 70
Sindhi 45 30 20 0 0 0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0 0 0 100 60 45
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 390 205 190 0 0 0 18,000 8,895 9,110 5 0 5 725 375 350
Urdu 6,535 3,480 3,060 0 0 0 235,290 118,540 116,755 0 0 0 11,320 5,860 5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 170 95 75 0 0 0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0 0 0 265 150 115
Iranian languages 15,575 7,755 7,820 0 0 0 300,555 150,160 150,390 5 0 0 38,400 19,305 19,090
Baluchi 5 5 0 0 0 0 555 305 250 0 0 0 10 5 5
Kurdish 435 245 190 0 0 0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0 0 0 1,120 630 485
Parsi 25 20 10 0 0 0 555 310 240 0 0 0 35 25 15
Pashto 975 525 450 0 0 0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0 0 0 1,490 810 680
Persian languages 14,065 6,930 7,135 0 0 0 262,625 130,180 132,440 5 0 0 35,615 17,770 17,850
Dari 1,085 520 565 0 0 0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0 0 0 10,665 5,370 5,295
Iranian Persian 11,665 5,750 5,915 0 0 0 179,425 89,070 90,360 5 0 0 22,130 10,990 11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0 0 0 2,820 1,410 1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 70 30 35 0 0 0 815 425 390 0 0 0 125 65 65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 15 0 0 0 305 165 140 0 0 0 30 10 15
Italic (Romance) languages 167,975 79,875 88,100 35 20 20 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 40 20 25 346,000 167,870 178,130
Catalan 190 90 95 0 0 0 905 470 440 0 0 0 330 165 160
Italian 57,590 26,825 30,760 5 5 5 319,505 154,295 165,205 0 0 0 90,940 44,080 46,865
Portuguese 18,080 8,625 9,455 0 0 0 240,680 115,235 125,450 0 0 0 41,545 19,890 21,650
Romanian 12,300 5,780 6,525 0 0 0 93,160 44,185 48,975 5 5 5 35,810 17,115 18,695
Spanish 79,720 38,505 41,210 25 15 15 538,870 259,500 279,375 35 15 20 177,155 86,490 90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 0 0 0 1,165 610 550 0 0 0 225 125 105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 385 195 185 0 0 0 55 30 30
Japanese 1,590 475 1,115 0 0 0 43,850 14,205 29,650 0 0 0 2,760 795 1,965
Korean 3,810 1,650 2,160 0 0 0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0 0 0 6,670 2,860 3,815
Mongolian 100 35 65 0 0 0 1,850 800 1,050 0 0 0 225 90 135
Niger-Congo languages 13,245 6,595 6,650 0 0 0 108,295 52,850 55,440 10 5 10 33,495 16,630 16,865
Akan (Twi) 620 305 315 0 0 0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0 0 0 985 490 490
Bamanankan 665 360 310 0 0 0 1,855 1,000 860 0 0 0 1,490 795 700
Edo 60 25 35 0 0 0 1,685 745 940 0 0 0 90 40 50
Éwé 330 185 150 0 0 0 1,955 1,030 920 0 0 0 995 535 465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1,245 640 605 0 0 0 3,520 1,825 1,695 0 0 0 2,665 1,380 1,285
Ga 45 25 20 0 0 0 815 400 415 0 0 0 70 40 30
Ganda 25 10 15 0 0 0 1,890 885 1,010 0 0 0 50 20 30
Gikuyu 0 5 0 0 0 0 760 320 440 0 0 0 10 5 10
Igbo 90 55 35 0 0 0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0 0 0 145 85 60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,090 490 595 0 0 0 7,380 3,365 4,015 0 0 0 3,420 1,530 1,895
Lingala 1,680 750 930 0 0 0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0 0 0 2,975 1,340 1,635
Luba-Kasai 140 60 75 0 0 0 520 245 275 0 0 0 285 145 145
Mòoré 150 85 70 0 0 0 515 260 260 0 0 0 405 205 205
Mwani 20 10 10 0 0 0 695 365 325 0 0 0 40 20 15
Ndebele 30 15 20 0 0 0 920 420 500 0 0 0 60 20 35
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,320 595 720 0 0 0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0 0 0 4,585 2,165 2,415
Shona 80 40 40 0 0 0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0 0 0 125 60 60
Soninke 205 135 70 0 0 0 505 315 190 0 0 0 270 175 95
Sotho-Tswana languages 10 5 10 0 0 0 520 200 320 0 0 0 25 10 10
Swahili 795 385 400 0 0 0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0 0 0 3,975 1,935 2,035
Wojenaka 485 225 255 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 0 0 0 910 435 475
Wolof 1,495 800 690 0 0 0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0 0 0 3,940 2,100 1,840
Yoruba 625 325 295 0 0 0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0 0 0 875 470 410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,045 1,060 980 0 0 0 13,000 6,405 6,590 5 5 5 5,105 2,630 2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages 340 190 155 0 0 0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0 0 0 1,010 535 480
Dinka 5 5 5 0 0 0 1,865 1,000 865 0 0 0 10 0 5
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 275 150 120 0 0 0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0 0 0 845 450 400
African, n.o.s. 60 35 25 0 0 0 575 305 270 0 0 0 155 80 75
Sign languages 275 140 135 0 0 0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0 0 0 1,280 680 600
American Sign Language 35 20 15 0 0 0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0 0 0 120 60 55
Quebec Sign Language 185 90 95 0 0 0 990 520 465 0 0 0 930 485 445
Sign languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0 0 0 1,005 555 450 0 0 0 225 130 95
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,550 21,145 25,405 0 0 0 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 15 10 10 87,540 40,170 47,375
Chinese languages 46,390 21,080 25,315 0 0 0 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 15 10 10 87,155 39,990 47,160
Hakka 210 85 125 0 0 0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0 0 0 470 200 270
Mandarin 29,410 13,275 16,135 0 0 0 679,255 310,750 368,510 0 0 0 57,445 26,210 31,235
Min Dong 15 5 5 0 0 0 1,310 665 645 0 0 0 35 20 20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,730 760 970 0 0 0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0 0 0 2,670 1,180 1,485
Wu (Shanghainese) 440 195 240 0 0 0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0 0 0 790 365 430
Yue (Cantonese) 13,690 6,300 7,390 0 0 0 553,380 255,540 297,835 15 10 5 24,235 11,275 12,965
Chinese, n.o.s. 855 435 420 0 0 0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0 0 0 1,425 710 715
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 630 295 330 0 0 0 80 35 45
Tibeto-Burman languages 120 55 70 0 0 0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0 0 0 310 140 175
Burmese 45 15 30 0 0 0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0 0 0 80 25 55
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 475 0 0 0 10 0 5
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0 0 0 20 10 10
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0 0 0 15 10 10
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 305 315 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 65 30 35 0 0 0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0 0 0 130 65 65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0 0 0 890 445 440 0 0 0 75 40 35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 585 285 295 0 0 0 80 45 35
Tai-Kadai languages 1,705 735 965 0 0 0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0 0 0 4,855 2,040 2,820
Lao 1,280 615 665 0 0 0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0 0 0 3,815 1,805 2,010
Thai 405 115 295 0 0 0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0 0 0 1,015 220 795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0 0 0 410 165 240 0 0 0 25 10 15
Turkic languages 5,370 2,745 2,625 0 0 0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0 0 0 9,230 4,775 4,455
Azerbaijani 250 155 95 0 0 0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0 0 0 410 250 160
Kazakh 25 15 15 0 0 0 540 230 305 0 0 0 50 25 20
Turkish 4,825 2,455 2,370 0 0 0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0 0 0 8,220 4,240 3,975
Uyghur 140 65 75 0 0 0 1,355 660 690 0 0 0 235 110 125
Uzbek 40 25 20 0 0 0 1,805 890 920 0 0 0 170 80 90
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 90 30 55 0 0 0 1,150 530 620 0 0 0 140 60 80
Uralic languages 2,190 965 1,225 0 0 0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0 0 0 5,335 2,465 2,865
Estonian 70 30 40 0 0 0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0 0 0 160 60 95
Finnish 140 55 85 0 0 0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0 0 0 305 120 190
Hungarian 1,985 880 1,105 0 0 0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0 0 0 4,865 2,290 2,575
Other languages, n.i.e. 80 40 35 0 0 0 1,060 540 520 0 0 0 170 95 75
Multiple responses 125,490 63,125 62,360 15 10 5 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 40 25 15 308,550 155,455 153,095
English and French 35,195 17,970 17,225 5 5 5 291,325 142,420 148,905 15 5 5 126,405 64,585 61,820
English and non-official language(s) 26,945 13,375 13,565 0 0 0 921,480 450,685 470,800 0 0 0 49,485 24,660 24,825
French and non-official language(s) 44,880 22,480 22,400 10 5 5 117,910 57,875 60,040 25 15 10 94,205 46,880 47,320
English, French and non-official language(s) 13,590 7,010 6,580 5 5 0 52,880 25,900 26,975 0 0 0 28,685 14,700 13,985
Multiple non-official languages 4,880 2,290 2,590 0 0 0 92,095 42,330 49,765 5 0 5 9,765 4,625 5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 405 200 210 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 710 380 335 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
English 236,770 119,975 116,790 5 5 5 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 20 15 10 623,305 313,780 309,520
French 743,335 365,685 377,655 290 145 145 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 460 255 210 6,032,885 2,983,330 3,049,555
Non-official language 182,560 86,255 96,305 20 5 15 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 55 20 35 366,730 177,410 189,315
Indigenous39 70 30 40 0 0 0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0 0 0 23,080 11,585 11,495
Non-Indigenous 182,495 86,230 96,265 20 5 15 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 55 20 35 343,650 165,830 177,825
English and French 146,050 75,850 70,210 20 10 15 953,760 465,560 488,205 25 15 15 497,380 256,735 240,645
English and non-official language(s) 111,510 55,685 55,830 0 0 0 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 25 10 15 205,755 102,290 103,470
French and non-official language(s) 174,715 83,145 91,570 50 25 25 395,320 188,195 207,125 80 40 45 375,795 179,585 196,210
English, French and non-official language(s) 135,525 67,480 68,045 15 5 5 455,760 217,995 237,770 35 25 10 284,940 141,275 143,665
Multiple non-official languages 10,780 5,055 5,720 0 0 0 200,320 93,165 107,155 10 5 0 20,125 9,545 10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 405 200 210 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 710 380 335 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
Single responses 1,586,665 782,610 804,055 385 190 195 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 660 345 310 8,049,665 3,987,880 4,061,785
Official languages 1,255,565 623,405 632,155 345 175 170 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 555 305 250 7,387,055 3,665,020 3,722,030
English 347,110 175,135 171,970 15 10 10 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 30 20 10 874,185 438,570 435,615
French 908,455 448,270 460,180 335 170 165 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 520 285 240 6,512,870 3,226,445 3,286,420
Non-official languages 331,100 159,200 171,905 40 15 25 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 105 40 65 662,615 322,860 339,750
Indigenous languages39 125 50 75 0 0 0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0 0 0 34,245 17,040 17,200
Algonquian languages 80 35 45 0 0 0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0 0 0 22,430 11,165 11,265
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 70 25 45 0 0 0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0 0 0 22,115 11,025 11,090
Atikamekw 10 0 5 0 0 0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0 4,330 2,275 2,055
Cree languages 40 20 25 0 0 0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0 0 0 11,895 5,960 5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 0 0 0 20 10 10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0 560 295 265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 20 10 10 0 0 0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0 0 0 2,495 1,205 1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 360 0 0 0 35 20 20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 0 0 0 65 40 25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 430 405 0 0 0 45 25 20
Cree, n.o.s. 20 5 15 0 0 0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0 0 0 8,680 4,370 4,310
Innu (Montagnais) 20 10 10 0 0 0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0 5,400 2,540 2,860
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 0 0 0 490 255 240
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0 0 0 80 30 50
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0 0 0 75 30 45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 0 0 0 5 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0 0 0 230 110 120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 0 0 0 215 100 120
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0 0 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0 0 0 5 5 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0 0 0 5 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 70 0 0 0 5 5 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0 0 0 5 5 5
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0 0 0 5 5 5
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 705 390 315 0 0 0 5 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 395 220 175 0 0 0 5 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0 0 0 11,755 5,840 5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 30 5 25 0 0 0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0 0 0 11,750 5,840 5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0 5 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 0 0 0 5 5 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0 5 0 5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0 35 20 15
Non-Indigenous languages 330,975 159,150 171,830 40 15 25 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 105 40 65 628,365 305,820 322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages 61,235 31,705 29,525 5 5 5 395,840 197,010 198,830 15 5 5 116,685 59,645 57,040
Berber languages 6,795 3,645 3,145 5 5 5 11,295 5,940 5,355 5 5 0 10,635 5,585 5,045
Kabyle 6,320 3,390 2,930 5 5 5 10,180 5,325 4,850 5 5 0 9,765 5,115 4,655
Tamazight 360 195 165 0 0 0 840 455 380 0 0 0 670 365 305
Berber languages, n.i.e. 110 55 50 0 0 0 280 155 130 0 0 0 195 110 90
Chadic languages 125 60 65 0 0 0 835 425 410 0 0 0 335 165 170
Hausa 80 45 45 0 0 0 635 330 305 0 0 0 180 85 90
Mina 40 15 25 0 0 0 200 95 105 0 0 0 155 75 80
Coptic 120 65 60 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0 225 115 115
Cushitic languages 365 170 195 0 0 0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0 0 0 605 280 325
Bilen 10 5 10 0 0 0 1,645 890 760 0 0 0 10 5 10
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0 0 0 5 0 0
Somali 345 160 185 0 0 0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0 0 0 580 265 315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 425 215 205 0 0 0 10 10 0
Semitic languages 53,825 27,770 26,060 0 0 0 352,790 176,270 176,520 10 0 10 104,890 53,505 51,380
Amharic 240 115 125 0 0 0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0 0 0 330 155 175
Arabic 52,330 27,000 25,325 0 0 0 285,915 143,650 142,260 10 0 10 102,120 52,125 49,990
Aramaic languages 75 30 45 0 0 0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0 0 0 380 185 190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 35 5 25 0 0 0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0 0 0 130 60 75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5 5 5 0 0 0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0 0 0 50 25 25
Aramaic, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0 0 0 1,220 605 615 0 0 0 200 105 100
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 305 380 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 715 375 335 0 0 0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0 0 0 1,515 760 755
Maltese 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 360 435 0 0 0 5 0 5
Tigrigna 445 230 215 0 0 0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0 0 0 490 250 240
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 250 135 115 0 0 0 40 15 25
Austro-Asiatic languages 16,465 7,600 8,865 0 0 0 127,730 58,660 69,070 10 5 10 24,500 11,410 13,090
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,860 1,295 1,560 0 0 0 10,650 4,765 5,880 5 0 5 4,875 2,200 2,670
Vietnamese 13,590 6,300 7,290 0 0 0 116,785 53,735 63,055 10 5 5 19,595 9,185 10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 15 5 10 0 0 0 300 160 135 0 0 0 30 15 15
Austronesian languages 9,325 3,930 5,395 0 0 0 326,245 149,550 176,700 0 0 0 13,845 6,335 7,515
Bikol 35 15 15 0 0 0 760 370 395 0 0 0 45 15 25
Bisaya, n.o.s. 170 75 100 0 0 0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0 0 0 225 100 125
Cebuano 425 180 250 0 0 0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0 0 0 560 240 320
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 235 90 145 0 0 0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0 0 0 320 135 185
Ilocano 960 415 545 0 0 0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0 0 0 1,175 510 665
Indonesian 170 85 90 0 0 0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0 0 0 255 115 135
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0 0 0 585 265 320 0 0 0 10 5 5
Kinaray-a 20 10 5 0 0 0 320 150 170 0 0 0 20 10 10
Malagasy languages 115 55 60 0 0 0 725 370 355 0 0 0 610 325 285
Merina 65 30 35 0 0 0 330 165 170 0 0 0 305 165 145
Malagasy, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0 0 0 390 205 190 0 0 0 300 160 145
Malay 10 5 5 0 0 0 280 145 140 0 0 0 20 10 10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 85 45 45 0 0 0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0 0 0 125 60 65
Pangasinan 25 10 15 0 0 0 680 310 375 0 0 0 35 15 20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,960 2,890 4,070 0 0 0 275,045 125,870 149,170 0 0 0 10,260 4,690 5,570
Waray-Waray 10 5 5 0 0 0 680 325 360 0 0 0 20 10 10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 95 45 50 0 0 0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0 0 0 185 90 90
Creole languages 17,395 7,710 9,685 5 0 5 35,195 15,455 19,740 10 5 10 26,985 11,815 15,170
Haitian Creole 12,640 5,455 7,185 0 0 0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0 0 0 19,535 8,310 11,230
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0 0 0 300 125 175 0 0 0 10 5 5
Krio 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 150 210 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 475 225 250 0 0 0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0 0 0 1,590 765 825
Sango 10 10 5 0 0 0 295 135 160 0 0 0 230 110 125
Creole, n.o.s. 4,185 1,980 2,210 0 0 0 7,120 3,275 3,845 10 5 5 5,390 2,520 2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e. 75 40 40 0 0 0 870 395 475 0 0 0 220 110 120
Dravidian languages 9,345 4,775 4,570 0 0 0 169,705 85,265 84,440 0 0 0 13,800 6,935 6,865
Kannada 115 65 50 0 0 0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0 0 0 190 105 90
Malayalam 970 520 445 0 0 0 35,390 19,010 16,380 0 0 0 1,225 645 580
Tamil 7,425 3,635 3,790 0 0 0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0 0 0 11,215 5,465 5,755
Telugu 820 550 275 0 0 0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0 0 0 1,140 700 435
Tulu 10 5 5 0 0 0 240 120 120 0 0 0 15 5 5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 205 105 105 0 0 0 20 10 5
Georgian 45 20 25 0 0 0 1,335 730 610 0 0 0 60 25 35
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 168,495 80,690 87,800 20 10 10 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 50 20 30 336,635 164,100 172,535
Albanian 1,050 505 540 0 0 0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0 0 0 1,910 945 970
Armenian 3,895 1,770 2,120 0 0 0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0 0 0 12,325 5,870 6,455
Balto-Slavic languages 17,140 7,850 9,295 0 0 0 303,480 143,495 159,985 0 0 0 39,725 18,855 20,870
Baltic languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0 0 0 150 60 90
Latvian 35 20 15 0 0 0 880 395 485 0 0 0 60 30 30
Lithuanian 50 25 30 0 0 0 1,615 720 895 0 0 0 95 35 60
Slavic languages 17,055 7,810 9,250 0 0 0 300,985 142,375 158,610 0 0 0 39,575 18,795 20,775
Belarusian 5 5 5 0 0 0 215 100 115 0 0 0 30 15 15
Bulgarian 2,020 960 1,060 0 0 0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0 0 0 4,535 2,230 2,305
Czech 165 75 90 0 0 0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0 0 0 375 180 200
Macedonian 60 25 30 0 0 0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0 0 0 125 65 60
Polish 2,505 1,085 1,420 0 0 0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0 0 0 4,795 2,110 2,685
Russian 9,755 4,475 5,285 0 0 0 125,780 59,290 66,490 0 0 0 22,770 10,815 11,960
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,200 575 630 0 0 0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0 0 0 4,205 2,085 2,125
Bosnian 170 80 90 0 0 0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0 0 0 1,075 530 545
Croatian 365 165 200 0 0 0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0 0 0 945 445 505
Serbian 645 320 325 0 0 0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0 0 0 2,090 1,060 1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 5 15 0 0 0 640 315 325 0 0 0 100 50 45
Slovak 70 30 40 0 0 0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0 0 0 200 85 115
Slovene (Slovenian) 85 40 45 0 0 0 1,375 595 785 0 0 0 150 70 85
Ukrainian 1,185 545 640 0 0 0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0 0 0 2,375 1,135 1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 0 0 0 5 5 5
Celtic languages 5 10 0 0 0 0 555 295 265 0 0 0 45 35 10
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 310 165 145 0 0 0 10 10 5
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 55 0 0 0 15 10 0
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 0 0 0 5 5 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 0 0 0 10 5 5
Germanic languages 6,300 3,280 3,020 0 0 0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0 0 0 10,320 5,250 5,075
Frisian 5 0 5 0 0 0 270 110 155 0 0 0 110 30 75
High German languages 6,055 3,160 2,895 0 0 0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0 0 0 9,600 4,930 4,675
German 510 245 270 0 0 0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0 0 0 1,685 805 880
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 1,750 870 875 0 0 0 235 125 115
Yiddish 5,525 2,905 2,615 0 0 0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0 0 0 7,680 4,000 3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 145 70 75 0 0 0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0 0 0 420 200 215
Afrikaans 30 15 15 0 0 0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0 0 0 65 30 35
Dutch 105 55 50 0 0 0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0 0 0 300 145 155
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 5 0 0 0 220 100 120 0 0 0 40 20 20
Scandinavian languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 1,940 920 1,020 0 0 0 175 85 95
Danish 15 10 10 0 0 0 615 280 340 0 0 0 35 15 20
Icelandic 15 5 10 0 0 0 175 75 95 0 0 0 25 10 15
Norwegian 5 0 5 0 0 0 260 125 135 0 0 0 15 10 10
Swedish 45 20 25 0 0 0 890 435 450 0 0 0 100 50 50
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 740 355 390 0 0 0 20 5 10
Greek 7,530 3,370 4,165 0 0 0 38,300 17,490 20,810 0 0 0 15,235 7,015 8,220
Indo-Iranian languages 43,235 22,475 20,760 0 0 0 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 20 5 15 74,455 38,045 36,410
Indo-Aryan languages 32,115 17,085 15,025 0 0 0 962,820 490,815 472,000 20 5 15 46,420 24,225 22,195
Assamese 5 5 0 0 0 0 215 110 110 0 0 0 5 5 0
Bengali 7,290 3,630 3,660 0 0 0 56,750 28,435 28,315 0 0 0 8,760 4,360 4,405
Gujarati 3,250 1,705 1,545 0 0 0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0 0 0 4,630 2,360 2,270
Hindi 2,460 1,380 1,075 0 0 0 91,930 47,555 44,375 0 0 0 3,525 1,915 1,615
Kacchi 60 30 35 0 0 0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0 0 0 95 45 55
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 0 0 0 10 5 5
Konkani 15 5 5 0 0 0 880 415 470 0 0 0 20 10 5
Marathi 160 90 70 0 0 0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0 0 0 255 135 120
Nepali 225 115 105 0 0 0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0 0 0 880 445 430
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 795 420 375 0 0 0 10 5 5
Odia 5 5 0 0 0 0 525 275 250 0 0 0 5 5 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 13,485 7,465 6,020 0 0 0 520,390 266,775 253,610 15 5 15 19,290 10,435 8,855
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 215 0 0 0 80 30 45
Sindhi 10 10 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0 0 0 35 15 20
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 245 130 115 0 0 0 9,665 4,775 4,890 5 0 5 425 225 205
Urdu 4,795 2,465 2,335 0 0 0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0 0 0 8,250 4,160 4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 2,015 1,040 975 0 0 0 150 80 70
Iranian languages 11,115 5,390 5,730 0 0 0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0 0 0 28,020 13,810 14,210
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 155 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurdish 220 120 105 0 0 0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0 0 0 625 325 300
Parsi 15 5 5 0 0 0 280 130 150 0 0 0 15 10 5
Pashto 750 405 350 0 0 0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0 0 0 1,110 590 520
Persian languages 10,090 4,835 5,250 0 0 0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0 0 0 26,205 12,850 13,355
Dari 675 320 355 0 0 0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0 0 0 7,595 3,780 3,815
Iranian Persian 8,570 4,115 4,460 0 0 0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0 0 0 16,660 8,135 8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 845 400 440 0 0 0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0 0 0 1,950 940 1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 475 250 225 0 0 0 65 35 35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 125 70 55 0 0 0 20 15 5
Italic (Romance) languages 89,325 41,435 47,885 20 10 10 577,735 273,965 303,770 30 15 15 182,585 88,060 94,525
Catalan 75 30 40 0 0 0 370 185 190 0 0 0 135 70 65
Italian 21,255 8,905 12,350 0 0 0 92,755 38,750 54,005 0 0 0 26,290 11,205 15,085
Portuguese 9,715 4,550 5,165 0 0 0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0 0 0 20,885 9,965 10,920
Romanian 7,290 3,495 3,800 0 0 0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0 0 0 22,255 10,895 11,355
Spanish 50,960 24,440 26,520 15 10 10 317,365 155,005 162,360 20 10 15 112,915 55,870 57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 425 210 220 0 0 0 105 55 45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0 190 95 95 0 0 0 35 15 20
Japanese 705 285 425 0 0 0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0 0 0 1,155 455 700
Korean 2,705 1,205 1,495 0 0 0 125,525 58,250 67,275 0 0 0 4,760 2,135 2,630
Mongolian 55 25 30 0 0 0 1,050 505 545 0 0 0 145 70 80
Niger-Congo languages 4,240 2,060 2,180 0 0 0 38,600 18,055 20,545 5 0 5 10,160 4,895 5,265
Akan (Twi) 340 160 180 0 0 0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0 0 0 485 235 245
Bamanankan 205 100 105 0 0 0 560 280 280 0 0 0 385 195 195
Edo 20 10 10 0 0 0 365 150 215 0 0 0 25 10 10
Éwé 85 45 40 0 0 0 470 225 245 0 0 0 225 115 110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 455 235 220 0 0 0 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 850 445 410
Ga 20 10 10 0 0 0 260 115 150 0 0 0 30 15 15
Ganda 5 0 5 0 0 0 555 260 295 0 0 0 5 0 5
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 20 10 10 0 0 0 1,530 770 765 0 0 0 20 10 10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 335 145 190 0 0 0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0 0 0 965 415 545
Lingala 570 255 320 0 0 0 1,520 655 860 5 0 5 930 410 525
Luba-Kasai 10 5 5 0 0 0 90 35 60 0 0 0 20 5 20
Mòoré 25 10 10 0 0 0 70 30 35 0 0 0 35 15 15
Mwani 10 5 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 0 0 0 10 5 5
Ndebele 5 0 5 0 0 0 295 130 160 0 0 0 10 0 5
Rundi (Kirundi) 465 215 250 0 0 0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0 0 0 1,655 775 875
Shona 35 15 20 0 0 0 1,035 480 555 0 0 0 45 20 25
Soninke 95 65 30 0 0 0 235 145 85 0 0 0 105 75 35
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 45 85 0 0 0 5 0 5
Swahili 290 155 135 0 0 0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0 0 0 1,665 810 855
Wojenaka 130 50 80 0 0 0 290 130 160 0 0 0 245 100 145
Wolof 600 325 275 0 0 0 1,945 1,040 910 0 0 0 1,470 795 675
Yoruba 180 85 90 0 0 0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0 0 0 240 115 130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 330 150 185 0 0 0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0 0 0 720 320 400
Nilo-Saharan languages 105 60 45 0 0 0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0 0 0 395 195 200
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 485 420 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuer 5 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 355 0 0 0 5 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0 0 0 1,465 705 760 0 0 0 365 180 185
African, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 140 75 70 0 0 0 25 15 10
Sign languages 515 300 220 0 0 0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0 0 0 2,235 1,285 945
American Sign Language 90 45 40 0 0 0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0 0 0 300 165 135
Quebec Sign Language 305 165 140 0 0 0 1,475 830 645 0 0 0 1,385 775 615
Sign languages, n.i.e. 125 85 40 0 0 0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0 0 0 550 345 205
Sino-Tibetan languages 35,185 16,285 18,900 0 0 0 967,965 450,210 517,755 15 10 10 67,120 31,725 35,390
Chinese languages 35,100 16,245 18,855 0 0 0 955,685 444,115 511,565 15 10 10 66,880 31,610 35,275
Hakka 75 35 35 0 0 0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0 0 0 150 65 80
Mandarin 23,585 10,965 12,620 0 0 0 530,945 249,675 281,270 0 0 0 46,925 22,275 24,650
Min Dong 5 0 5 0 0 0 775 370 405 0 0 0 15 5 5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,050 460 590 0 0 0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0 0 0 1,510 680 835
Wu (Shanghainese) 285 135 145 0 0 0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0 0 0 535 260 275
Yue (Cantonese) 9,590 4,395 5,195 0 0 0 393,430 180,000 213,435 15 5 10 16,860 7,870 8,985
Chinese, n.o.s. 505 250 255 0 0 0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0 0 0 870 445 430
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 225 110 115 0 0 0 20 10 10
Tibeto-Burman languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0 0 0 190 90 100
Burmese 30 10 20 0 0 0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0 0 0 40 15 25
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 0 0 0 0 5 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0 0 0 10 5 5
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0 0 0 10 5 5
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 210 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 35 20 15 0 0 0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0 0 0 75 40 40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 225 240 0 0 0 60 30 35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 290 135 155 0 0 0 40 25 20
Tai-Kadai languages 870 405 465 0 0 0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0 0 0 2,325 1,095 1,230
Lao 715 350 370 0 0 0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0 0 0 2,060 995 1,065
Thai 150 60 90 0 0 0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0 0 0 255 95 160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 85 125 0 0 0 10 0 5
Turkic languages 3,575 1,790 1,780 0 0 0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0 0 0 6,005 3,005 3,000
Azerbaijani 100 60 40 0 0 0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0 0 0 175 95 75
Kazakh 5 0 5 0 0 0 105 55 50 0 0 0 10 5 5
Turkish 3,325 1,665 1,660 0 0 0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0 0 0 5,540 2,780 2,765
Uyghur 100 45 60 0 0 0 850 420 435 0 0 0 145 65 85
Uzbek 15 10 10 0 0 0 950 470 480 0 0 0 95 45 50
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 410 195 210 0 0 0 35 20 15
Uralic languages 695 285 415 0 0 0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0 0 0 1,505 670 830
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 245 370 0 0 0 15 10 5
Finnish 20 10 15 0 0 0 1,880 825 1,050 0 0 0 45 20 25
Hungarian 675 275 400 0 0 0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0 0 0 1,445 645 805
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 390 195 195 0 0 0 55 25 25
Multiple responses 154,590 76,515 78,075 20 10 10 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 50 30 25 357,245 176,070 181,175
English and French 45,705 23,415 22,290 10 5 5 230,955 112,070 118,880 15 5 5 137,120 69,025 68,095
English and non-official language(s) 32,655 15,945 16,710 0 0 0 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 15 0 5 60,495 29,540 30,950
French and non-official language(s) 55,175 26,790 28,385 15 5 5 125,525 60,405 65,125 25 20 10 116,595 56,445 60,150
English, French and non-official language(s) 19,445 9,630 9,820 0 0 0 56,805 27,370 29,430 0 0 0 39,875 19,575 20,300
Multiple non-official languages 1,605 740 865 0 0 0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0 0 0 3,160 1,485 1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 405 200 205 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 710 375 335 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
None 1,279,175 629,625 649,555 345 170 170 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 575 310 270 7,302,915 3,612,760 3,690,155
English 115,715 59,690 56,025 15 5 5 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 25 15 10 353,690 183,470 170,225
French 109,450 53,550 55,895 20 5 10 571,040 268,530 302,510 30 10 20 259,425 127,380 132,040
Non-official language 129,625 62,430 67,195 25 10 10 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 50 20 25 269,715 129,830 139,890
Indigenous39 145 55 90 0 0 0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0 0 0 5,315 2,495 2,820
Non-Indigenous 129,480 62,370 67,105 25 10 10 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 50 20 25 264,405 127,330 137,070
English and French 29,960 15,165 14,790 0 0 0 86,185 42,600 43,585 5 0 5 61,955 31,425 30,525
English and non-official language(s) 35,695 18,170 17,525 5 5 5 323,845 161,995 161,850 20 10 5 76,755 38,765 37,990
French and non-official language(s) 27,860 13,495 14,370 0 0 0 134,565 61,575 72,995 5 5 5 55,860 26,915 28,945
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,580 1,835 1,740 0 0 0 11,870 5,975 5,895 0 0 0 7,295 3,700 3,595
Multiple non-official languages 10,200 5,165 5,035 5 0 5 234,905 115,470 119,430 0 0 0 19,290 9,695 9,595
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 430 205 225 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 765 380 385 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625
Official languages 1,681,610 834,860 846,755 425 205 220 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 755 375 380 8,227,220 4,091,995 4,135,230
English 1,216,575 623,125 593,455 200 105 95 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 405 200 200 4,317,180 2,253,720 2,063,465
French 1,475,945 727,525 748,420 425 205 220 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 675 370 310 7,786,735 3,864,990 3,921,750
Non-official languages 862,365 420,005 442,360 135 65 65 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 390 180 210 1,853,710 899,285 954,430
Indigenous languages39 800 315 485 0 0 0 243,155 116,360 126,795 0 0 0 50,165 24,530 25,640
Algonquian languages 365 150 210 0 0 0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0 0 0 35,985 17,600 18,380
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 260 100 160 0 0 0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0 0 0 33,860 16,570 17,290
Atikamekw 20 0 15 0 0 0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0 0 0 6,770 3,435 3,330
Cree languages 150 60 90 0 0 0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0 0 0 17,930 8,910 9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 0 0 0 50 20 40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 0 0 0 855 425 430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 65 30 40 0 0 0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0 0 0 4,230 2,040 2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0 0 0 75 35 40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0 0 0 265 120 145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0 0 0 90 45 45
Cree, n.o.s. 70 25 45 0 0 0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0 0 0 12,650 6,365 6,285
Innu (Montagnais) 80 25 60 0 0 0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0 0 0 8,710 3,990 4,720
Naskapi 20 10 10 0 0 0 1,035 515 525 0 0 0 1,000 495 505
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0 0 0 370 210 160
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0 0 0 370 205 160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 90 50 45 0 0 0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0 0 0 1,945 900 1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 30 20 15 0 0 0 1,950 895 1,060 0 0 0 1,750 800 955
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0 0 0 25 15 10
Ojibway languages 55 30 30 0 0 0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0 0 0 210 110 100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 35 15 25 0 0 0 2,035 875 1,165 0 0 0 155 75 70
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 80 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0 0 0 10 10 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0 0 0 60 30 30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 0 0 0 55 25 20
Athabaskan languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0 0 0 95 50 45
Northern Athabaskan languages 30 20 10 0 0 0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0 0 0 90 50 40
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 0 0 0 10 10 0
Slavey-Hare languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0 0 0 65 40 25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 0 0 0 20 20 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 15 10 0 0 0 0 1,210 620 590 0 0 0 35 15 15
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 0 0 0 10 0 10
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 0 0 0 10 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 315 75 235 0 0 0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0 0 0 13,900 6,750 7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 0 0 0 15 0 10
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 0 0 0 15 0 10
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 310 75 235 0 0 0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0 0 0 13,880 6,740 7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 0 0 0 10 0 10
Iroquoian languages 65 50 20 0 0 0 2,055 880 1,175 0 0 0 240 125 110
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 60 45 20 0 0 0 1,605 655 950 0 0 0 215 110 100
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 0 0 0 20 20 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 0 0 0 35 15 15
Salish languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0 0 0 30 30 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 0 0 0 20 20 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 0 0 0 10 10 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0 0 0 10 0 10
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0 0 0 10 0 10
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0 0 0 10 10 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 0 0 0 65 45 15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 405 450 0 0 0 95 50 45
Non-Indigenous languages 861,690 419,765 441,925 135 65 65 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 390 180 210 1,804,195 875,095 929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages 193,965 101,880 92,090 30 15 15 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 70 45 25 385,210 201,105 184,100
Berber languages 23,765 12,670 11,095 15 10 10 42,835 22,775 20,060 0 0 0 39,965 21,145 18,820
Kabyle 21,490 11,425 10,070 15 10 10 37,415 19,660 17,755 0 0 0 35,660 18,725 16,930
Tamazight 2,020 1,120 900 0 0 0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0 0 0 3,840 2,160 1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e. 560 290 270 0 0 0 1,330 750 575 0 0 0 1,000 545 455
Chadic languages 1,205 655 545 0 0 0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0 0 0 2,900 1,550 1,350
Hausa 575 370 210 0 0 0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0 0 0 1,250 725 525
Mina 625 290 340 0 0 0 2,010 1,040 965 0 0 0 1,650 825 825
Coptic 745 385 360 0 0 0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0 0 0 1,150 580 575
Cushitic languages 1,160 540 615 0 0 0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0 0 0 2,145 990 1,160
Bilen 15 10 0 0 0 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0 0 0 25 15 10
Oromo 10 0 0 0 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0 0 0 55 20 35
Somali 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0 0 0 2,025 925 1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 15 40 0 0 0 1,400 760 645 0 0 0 100 45 50
Semitic languages 182,025 95,605 86,420 30 15 15 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 70 45 25 363,875 190,005 173,870
Amharic 780 375 405 0 0 0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0 0 0 1,225 605 620
Arabic 173,385 91,115 82,270 30 15 15 838,045 436,510 401,540 70 45 25 343,675 179,750 163,930
Aramaic languages 215 95 125 0 0 0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0 0 0 935 460 480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 45 20 25 0 0 0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0 0 0 205 110 100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 10 0 0 0 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0 0 0 80 45 35
Aramaic, n.o.s. 155 70 95 0 0 0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0 0 0 660 310 345
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 0 0 0 15 10 0
Hebrew 7,665 4,080 3,580 0 0 0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0 0 0 19,210 9,935 9,275
Maltese 20 10 10 0 0 0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0 0 0 40 20 25
Tigrigna 820 400 420 0 0 0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0 0 0 1,010 490 520
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 75 50 25 0 0 0 1,760 1,065 695 0 0 0 165 90 70
Austro-Asiatic languages 30,875 14,470 16,405 0 0 0 260,030 120,035 139,995 50 25 20 49,720 23,320 26,405
Khmer (Cambodian) 6,850 3,180 3,675 0 0 0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0 0 0 12,785 5,930 6,855
Vietnamese 24,550 11,565 12,985 0 0 0 232,800 107,435 125,355 40 25 20 37,655 17,735 19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 50 25 30 0 0 0 910 455 455 0 0 0 105 60 45
Austronesian languages 24,510 9,720 14,785 0 0 0 793,275 336,445 456,840 0 0 0 40,880 16,660 24,225
Bikol 175 65 110 0 0 0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0 0 0 340 150 190
Bisaya, n.o.s. 450 200 255 0 0 0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0 0 0 655 285 370
Cebuano 1,155 395 755 0 0 0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0 0 0 1,940 625 1,315
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 0 0 0 10 10 0
Hiligaynon 765 265 500 0 0 0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0 0 0 1,215 470 745
Ilocano 2,925 1,225 1,700 0 0 0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0 0 0 3,845 1,565 2,280
Indonesian 805 365 440 0 0 0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0 0 0 1,510 625 885
Kankanaey 45 25 20 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,175 0 0 0 85 45 45
Kinaray-a 85 25 60 0 0 0 860 345 510 0 0 0 85 25 60
Malagasy languages 835 405 425 0 0 0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0 0 0 3,265 1,670 1,595
Merina 655 320 335 0 0 0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 2,215 1,140 1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s. 185 90 90 0 0 0 1,565 785 780 0 0 0 1,085 570 515
Malay 355 190 165 0 0 0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0 0 0 595 275 320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 355 165 200 0 0 0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0 0 0 460 195 265
Pangasinan 120 55 65 0 0 0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0 0 0 200 90 105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 21,575 8,340 13,235 0 0 0 737,565 310,735 426,830 0 0 0 33,810 13,330 20,480
Waray-Waray 120 55 65 0 0 0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0 0 0 215 100 115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 905 390 515 0 0 0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0 0 0 1,645 655 990
Creole languages 74,245 33,880 40,365 10 0 10 184,840 85,045 99,790 40 10 30 135,275 62,040 73,235
Haitian Creole 66,445 30,045 36,400 10 0 10 134,895 61,215 73,680 40 10 30 118,010 53,530 64,480
Jamaican English Creole 215 115 105 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0 0 0 340 165 175
Krio 60 25 40 0 0 0 1,955 870 1,090 0 0 0 75 25 50
Morisyen 2,365 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0 0 0 6,810 3,480 3,330
Sango 185 100 80 0 0 0 1,535 785 750 0 0 0 1,070 570 500
Creole, n.o.s. 11,950 5,630 6,320 0 0 0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0 0 0 17,995 8,440 9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e. 1,520 685 835 0 0 0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0 0 0 3,010 1,380 1,630
Dravidian languages 16,725 8,745 7,975 0 0 0 359,485 185,160 174,325 0 0 0 25,390 13,070 12,320
Kannada 540 325 215 0 0 0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0 0 0 925 530 395
Malayalam 1,760 935 825 0 0 0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0 0 0 2,530 1,325 1,200
Tamil 12,940 6,480 6,465 0 0 0 237,890 119,570 118,320 0 0 0 20,050 9,955 10,100
Telugu 2,415 1,600 815 0 0 0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0 0 0 3,260 2,055 1,205
Tulu 30 10 10 0 0 0 1,765 935 835 0 0 0 80 30 50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 970 450 520 0 0 0 95 55 40
Georgian 150 75 70 0 0 0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0 0 0 245 110 135
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 365 360 0 0 0 10 0 0
Indo-European languages 450,480 219,660 230,825 70 35 35 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 150 50 100 1,014,365 490,155 524,215
Albanian 2,425 1,220 1,205 0 0 0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0 0 0 4,545 2,315 2,230
Armenian 7,185 3,350 3,835 0 0 0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0 0 0 22,100 10,785 11,310
Balto-Slavic languages 40,980 19,110 21,870 0 0 0 820,305 384,390 435,915 15 0 15 95,385 45,060 50,330
Baltic languages 530 215 315 0 0 0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0 0 0 1,105 465 635
Latvian 190 85 105 0 0 0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0 0 0 440 180 260
Lithuanian 340 135 210 0 0 0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0 0 0 660 290 375
Slavic languages 40,615 18,955 21,660 0 0 0 809,985 380,025 429,960 15 0 15 94,580 44,695 49,885
Belarusian 160 55 105 0 0 0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0 0 0 410 185 230
Bulgarian 3,765 1,820 1,945 0 0 0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0 0 0 8,110 3,950 4,165
Czech 990 455 535 0 0 0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0 0 0 2,165 1,040 1,120
Macedonian 215 80 135 0 0 0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0 0 0 455 205 250
Polish 7,925 3,535 4,390 0 0 0 204,460 94,135 110,325 0 0 0 16,790 7,555 9,235
Russian 23,995 11,285 12,705 0 0 0 309,235 145,375 163,860 0 0 0 55,485 26,345 29,135
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 345 330 0 0 0 15 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 3,390 1,700 1,695 0 0 0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0 0 0 11,145 5,505 5,635
Bosnian 675 315 365 0 0 0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0 0 0 3,060 1,520 1,540
Croatian 1,515 775 740 0 0 0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0 0 0 4,710 2,300 2,405
Serbian 1,725 840 885 0 0 0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0 0 0 5,285 2,560 2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 95 60 40 0 0 0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0 0 0 315 175 140
Slovak 590 250 340 0 0 0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0 0 0 1,380 630 750
Slovene (Slovenian) 345 145 200 0 0 0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0 0 0 810 340 465
Ukrainian 4,905 2,155 2,745 0 0 0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0 0 0 10,185 4,575 5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 10 30 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0 110 60 55
Celtic languages 275 150 125 0 0 0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0 0 0 665 375 295
Irish 120 65 55 0 0 0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0 0 0 300 180 120
Scottish Gaelic 35 20 15 0 0 0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0 0 0 135 85 45
Welsh 35 20 15 0 0 0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0 0 0 85 45 45
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 85 45 45 0 0 0 910 495 415 0 0 0 165 90 80
Germanic languages 28,325 14,670 13,655 0 0 0 658,705 319,800 338,905 0 0 0 65,625 33,305 32,320
Frisian 40 20 25 0 0 0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0 0 0 65 20 45
High German languages 25,545 13,365 12,180 0 0 0 453,995 222,215 231,780 0 0 0 57,640 29,540 28,105
German 17,050 8,935 8,110 0 0 0 419,195 204,840 214,355 0 0 0 44,170 22,715 21,450
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 300 120 175 0 0 0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0 0 0 1,615 785 830
Yiddish 8,490 4,455 4,030 0 0 0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0 0 0 12,825 6,540 6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,020 1,005 1,025 0 0 0 191,840 93,435 98,405 0 0 0 6,410 3,140 3,265
Afrikaans 205 95 105 0 0 0 29,670 15,335 14,335 0 0 0 580 295 285
Dutch 1,645 825 820 0 0 0 107,985 51,330 56,650 0 0 0 5,170 2,565 2,600
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0 0 0 10 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 20 0 20 0 0 0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0 0 0 40 0 30
Vlaams (Flemish) 175 85 90 0 0 0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0 0 0 735 340 400
Scandinavian languages 1,440 725 710 0 0 0 37,500 17,205 20,300 0 0 0 3,335 1,630 1,705
Danish 425 190 230 0 0 0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0 0 0 860 395 460
Icelandic 45 20 20 0 0 0 1,475 685 790 0 0 0 90 35 55
Norwegian 285 155 130 0 0 0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0 0 0 735 375 360
Swedish 820 445 370 0 0 0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0 0 0 1,905 980 920
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 80 30 50 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 0 0 0 215 115 100
Greek 20,685 9,850 10,830 0 0 0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0 0 0 50,375 24,835 25,540
Indo-Iranian languages 77,115 41,190 35,920 0 0 0 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 60 0 50 136,020 71,180 64,840
Indo-Aryan languages 58,875 31,985 26,890 0 0 0 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 50 0 50 90,745 48,355 42,395
Assamese 35 25 15 0 0 0 1,155 590 565 0 0 0 75 40 30
Bengali 12,945 6,685 6,255 0 0 0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0 0 0 16,170 8,320 7,850
Gujarati 6,930 3,785 3,140 0 0 0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0 0 0 10,640 5,590 5,050
Hindi 24,370 13,400 10,970 0 0 0 761,425 395,410 366,015 35 0 35 35,765 19,145 16,620
Kacchi 195 95 95 0 0 0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0 0 0 375 155 220
Kashmiri 40 25 15 0 0 0 1,830 965 865 0 0 0 115 65 50
Konkani 155 95 60 0 0 0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0 0 0 235 130 105
Marathi 780 440 340 0 0 0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0 0 0 1,160 620 545
Nepali 485 270 220 0 0 0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0 0 0 1,375 740 635
Oriya languages 45 20 35 0 0 0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0 0 0 105 50 60
Odia 30 15 15 0 0 0 1,710 925 785 0 0 0 45 25 20
Oriya, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 1,550 755 795 0 0 0 60 25 40
Punjabi (Panjabi) 22,580 12,435 10,150 0 0 0 942,170 488,075 454,090 50 0 50 34,290 18,580 15,710
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 345 420 0 0 0 250 110 145
Sindhi 100 50 50 0 0 0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0 0 0 230 115 115
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 845 470 370 0 0 0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0 0 0 1,610 860 755
Urdu 11,425 6,220 5,200 0 0 0 414,870 211,895 202,975 0 0 0 21,180 11,325 9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 500 325 180 0 0 0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0 0 0 770 445 320
Iranian languages 18,895 9,560 9,335 0 0 0 370,520 186,750 183,770 0 0 0 48,105 24,410 23,695
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 565 420 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurdish 780 465 315 0 0 0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0 0 0 1,805 1,045 755
Parsi 80 35 40 0 0 0 1,000 535 470 0 0 0 135 80 55
Pashto 1,225 645 580 0 0 0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0 0 0 2,210 1,235 975
Persian languages 17,095 8,600 8,495 0 0 0 326,285 163,665 162,620 0 0 0 44,745 22,585 22,160
Dari 1,280 645 640 0 0 0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0 0 0 13,235 6,845 6,390
Iranian Persian 14,160 7,125 7,040 0 0 0 222,160 111,750 110,415 0 0 0 27,430 13,785 13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,790 920 865 0 0 0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0 0 0 4,595 2,255 2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 1,830 970 855 0 0 0 290 180 115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0 0 0 2,135 1,245 895 0 0 0 170 100 65
Italic (Romance) languages 293,340 139,795 153,545 70 35 35 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 85 45 40 684,830 324,095 360,735
Catalan 715 400 315 0 0 0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0 0 0 1,250 725 530
Italian 95,535 45,630 49,905 10 10 0 547,655 263,950 283,705 0 0 0 168,040 82,400 85,645
Portuguese 28,840 14,425 14,410 0 0 0 336,865 164,985 171,880 0 0 0 65,605 33,005 32,600
Romanian 15,245 7,225 8,020 0 0 0 116,520 55,570 60,950 10 0 10 44,510 21,425 23,090
Spanish 177,230 83,945 93,280 60 30 30 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 75 40 30 453,905 210,400 243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 405 240 165 0 0 0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0 0 0 1,105 670 435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0 0 0 1,965 1,025 940 0 0 0 285 150 135
Japanese 4,585 2,190 2,400 0 0 0 98,070 43,380 54,690 0 0 0 9,305 4,485 4,820
Korean 5,035 2,200 2,835 0 0 0 203,885 92,275 111,605 0 0 0 9,265 3,920 5,350
Mongolian 180 55 120 0 0 0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0 0 0 320 125 195
Niger-Congo languages 31,565 16,015 15,555 0 0 0 267,520 131,495 136,025 65 45 15 75,835 37,990 37,845
Akan (Twi) 1,340 755 585 0 0 0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0 0 0 2,385 1,270 1,115
Bamanankan 1,540 790 745 0 0 0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0 0 0 3,525 1,810 1,720
Edo 245 115 125 0 0 0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0 0 0 365 190 175
Éwé 865 505 360 0 0 0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0 0 0 2,365 1,285 1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,730 1,485 1,245 0 0 0 7,840 4,100 3,740 0 0 0 5,820 2,995 2,825
Ga 220 145 75 0 0 0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0 0 0 375 225 150
Ganda 75 40 30 0 0 0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0 0 0 280 135 150
Gikuyu 45 0 40 0 0 0 1,850 750 1,100 0 0 0 80 25 55
Igbo 485 280 205 0 0 0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0 0 0 745 435 315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,825 855 970 0 0 0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0 0 0 5,740 2,675 3,065
Lingala 7,315 3,405 3,910 0 0 0 25,720 12,260 13,460 25 15 10 14,985 7,255 7,730
Luba-Kasai 520 225 295 0 0 0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0 0 0 1,205 600 605
Mòoré 620 340 280 0 0 0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0 0 0 1,615 810 805
Mwani 20 15 10 0 0 0 1,080 585 490 0 0 0 80 45 35
Ndebele 115 70 40 0 0 0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0 0 0 180 85 95
Rundi (Kirundi) 2,045 1,010 1,035 0 0 0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0 0 0 7,310 3,490 3,825
Shona 245 150 95 0 0 0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0 0 0 345 190 155
Soninke 465 310 155 0 0 0 1,010 650 360 0 0 0 570 375 195
Sotho-Tswana languages 45 15 30 0 0 0 1,305 580 725 0 0 0 85 40 45
Swahili 3,405 1,710 1,695 0 0 0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0 0 0 12,270 6,225 6,040
Wojenaka 1,005 510 495 0 0 0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0 0 0 2,195 1,100 1,095
Wolof 4,030 2,185 1,840 0 0 0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0 0 0 9,930 5,325 4,595
Yoruba 2,040 1,025 1,015 0 0 0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0 0 0 3,100 1,610 1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 7,005 3,630 3,375 0 0 0 43,625 21,935 21,685 35 20 10 17,915 9,215 8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages 705 390 315 0 0 0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0 0 0 1,865 905 960
Dinka 10 0 0 0 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0 0 0 10 0 0
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 0 0 0 10 0 10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 690 385 310 0 0 0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0 0 0 1,845 895 950
African, n.o.s. 425 225 200 0 0 0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 995 555 440
Sign languages 1,985 795 1,185 0 0 0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0 0 0 8,070 3,485 4,580
American Sign Language 495 160 330 0 0 0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0 0 0 1,310 575 735
Quebec Sign Language 1,345 510 830 0 0 0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0 0 0 5,740 2,340 3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e. 340 210 130 0 0 0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0 0 0 1,555 830 725
Sino-Tibetan languages 56,545 26,095 30,455 0 0 0 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 25 10 15 107,415 49,840 57,575
Chinese languages 56,370 26,025 30,340 0 0 0 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 25 10 15 106,915 49,630 57,285
Hakka 335 170 160 0 0 0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0 0 0 810 370 445
Mandarin 41,405 18,880 22,525 0 0 0 987,300 452,995 534,305 0 0 0 80,520 37,100 43,420
Min Dong 35 20 20 0 0 0 1,825 840 980 0 0 0 70 35 35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,725 1,170 1,560 0 0 0 51,755 22,840 28,920 0 0 0 4,310 1,855 2,455
Wu (Shanghainese) 695 310 390 0 0 0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0 0 0 1,255 565 685
Yue (Cantonese) 19,045 8,640 10,405 0 0 0 724,925 335,185 389,740 25 10 15 34,030 15,430 18,600
Chinese, n.o.s. 860 455 410 0 0 0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0 0 0 1,500 785 715
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0 0 0 1,185 560 625 0 0 0 245 125 120
Tibeto-Burman languages 180 60 115 0 0 0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0 0 0 465 190 275
Burmese 65 10 60 0 0 0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0 0 0 135 30 110
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0 0 0 35 10 25
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0 0 0 20 0 15
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 395 450 0 0 0 15 0 10
Tibetan 95 50 50 0 0 0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0 0 0 190 100 95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 1,940 890 1,050 0 0 0 130 60 70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0 0 0 1,220 540 680 0 0 0 100 60 45
Tai-Kadai languages 2,755 1,240 1,520 0 0 0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0 0 0 7,330 3,170 4,160
Lao 1,985 965 1,020 0 0 0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0 0 0 5,485 2,595 2,885
Thai 1,085 390 695 0 0 0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0 0 0 2,720 920 1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 30 15 20 0 0 0 800 330 465 0 0 0 40 15 25
Turkic languages 9,265 4,570 4,695 0 0 0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0 0 0 17,795 8,940 8,850
Azerbaijani 520 325 200 0 0 0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0 0 0 995 570 425
Kazakh 60 35 25 0 0 0 1,415 600 815 0 0 0 125 60 65
Turkish 8,445 4,105 4,340 0 0 0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0 0 0 16,195 8,135 8,065
Uyghur 205 95 110 0 0 0 1,660 790 875 0 0 0 350 155 200
Uzbek 140 85 55 0 0 0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0 0 0 320 155 170
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 205 90 115 0 0 0 2,150 980 1,165 0 0 0 350 165 185
Uralic languages 3,265 1,435 1,835 0 0 0 85,055 39,290 45,765 0 0 0 7,595 3,485 4,115
Estonian 85 35 50 0 0 0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0 0 0 230 90 140
Finnish 245 120 125 0 0 0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0 0 0 525 250 270
Hungarian 2,945 1,280 1,660 0 0 0 64,625 30,320 34,300 0 0 0 6,850 3,145 3,705
Other languages, n.i.e. 425 215 205 0 0 0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0 0 0 835 430 405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 430 205 220 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 770 380 380 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625
Indigenous identity45 15,315 7,080 8,235 0 0 0 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 10 10 0 205,010 101,150 103,865
Single Indigenous responses46 14,315 6,630 7,685 0 0 0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 10 10 0 193,365 95,320 98,045
First Nations (North American Indian) 8,065 3,655 4,415 0 0 0 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 0 0 0 116,550 56,080 60,475
Métis 5,705 2,835 2,870 0 0 0 624,220 306,220 318,000 0 0 0 61,010 31,620 29,390
Inuk (Inuit) 545 135 405 0 0 0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0 0 0 15,800 7,620 8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses47 305 150 155 0 0 0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0 0 0 3,135 1,575 1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 695 305 385 0 0 0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0 0 0 8,515 4,245 4,265
Non-Indigenous identity 1,707,915 844,530 863,385 430 205 220 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 755 375 380 8,103,470 4,025,710 4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 430 205 220 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 770 380 380 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,465 1,570 1,890 0 0 0 831,720 402,310 429,405 0 0 0 76,775 37,825 38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,719,765 850,040 869,730 430 205 220 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 760 380 380 8,231,705 4,089,030 4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Owner 297,340 ... ... 150 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 90 ... ... 2,245,605 ... ...
Renter 519,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 240 ... ... 1,497,010 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0 ... ... 6,425 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Condominium 178,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 70 ... ... 515,590 ... ...
Not condominium 637,660 ... ... 150 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,233,445 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
No bedrooms 19,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0 ... ... 32,020 ... ...
1 bedroom 254,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 60 ... ... 623,295 ... ...
2 bedrooms 284,300 ... ... 10 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 185 ... ... 1,173,600 ... ...
3 bedrooms 194,410 ... ... 95 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 85 ... ... 1,189,790 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 64,550 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 10 ... ... 730,330 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 473,475 ... ... 0 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 220 ... ... 1,378,765 ... ...
5 rooms 155,105 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 55 ... ... 645,635 ... ...
6 rooms 69,335 ... ... 25 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 35 ... ... 435,225 ... ...
7 rooms 48,130 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 20 ... ... 403,225 ... ...
8 or more rooms 70,315 ... ... 65 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 0 ... ... 886,180 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.5 ... ... 7.3 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 4.3 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 789,745 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 315 ... ... 3,700,720 ... ...
More than one person per room 26,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 25 ... ... 48,315 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Suitable 745,905 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,606,260 ... ...
Not suitable 70,450 ... ... 0 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 60 ... ... 142,775 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
1960 or before 293,880 ... ... 10 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 80 ... ... 879,375 ... ...
1961 to 1980 248,030 ... ... 135 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 130 ... ... 1,114,690 ... ...
1981 to 1990 89,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 30 ... ... 509,120 ... ...
1991 to 2000 57,865 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 20 ... ... 385,315 ... ...
2001 to 2005 28,770 ... ... 0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 15 ... ... 198,595 ... ...
2006 to 2010 30,795 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 45 ... ... 231,930 ... ...
2011 to 2015 33,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 0 ... ... 212,290 ... ...
2016 to 202157 34,235 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 20 ... ... 217,715 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 746,280 ... ... 140 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 305 ... ... 3,512,925 ... ...
Major repairs needed 70,075 ... ... 15 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 30 ... ... 236,110 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
One-maintainer household 494,140 ... ... 45 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 185 ... ... 2,097,670 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 291,245 ... ... 95 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 135 ... ... 1,561,495 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,970 ... ... 10 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 15 ... ... 89,875 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
15 to 24 years 39,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 20 ... ... 117,525 ... ...
25 to 34 years 154,835 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 65 ... ... 525,540 ... ...
35 to 44 years 156,945 ... ... 50 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 80 ... ... 647,165 ... ...
45 to 54 years 137,925 ... ... 20 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 70 ... ... 628,630 ... ...
55 to 64 years 137,110 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 40 ... ... 760,395 ... ...
65 to 74 years 105,800 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 40 ... ... 629,965 ... ...
75 to 84 years 59,160 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 15 ... ... 336,170 ... ...
85 years and over 24,920 ... ... 10 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 10 ... ... 103,640 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 808,950 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 340 ... ... 3,706,605 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 612,990 ... ... 145 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 275 ... ... 3,110,920 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 195,960 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 60 ... ... 595,690 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 171,990 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 60 ... ... 542,060 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 816,355 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 301,530 ... ... 20 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 130 ... ... 901,440 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 168,425 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 45 ... ... 537,090 ... ...
Not suitable only 52,965 ... ... 0 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 40 ... ... 112,775 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 46,120 ... ... 15 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 25 ... ... 179,840 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 10,065 ... ... 0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 15 ... ... 15,470 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 16,530 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 0 ... ... 41,740 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 6,480 ... ... 0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0 ... ... 13,135 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 940 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,395 ... ...
Acceptable housing 514,825 ... ... 135 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 205 ... ... 2,847,590 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 784,980 ... ... 150 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 335 ... ... 3,652,985 ... ...
In core need 82,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 30 ... ... 218,275 ... ...
Not in core need 702,815 ... ... 150 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 310 ... ... 3,434,710 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 297,340 ... ... 145 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 95 ... ... 2,227,470 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.5 ... ... 79.3 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 68.4 ... ... 62.2 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 18.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 21.1 ... ... 10.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,360 ... ... 1,580 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,390 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,532 ... ... 1,420 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,300 ... ... 1,195 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 500,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 348,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 584,500 ... ... 410,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 395,000 ... ... 376,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 519,015 ... ... 0 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 245 ... ... 1,493,510 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.6 ... ... ... ... ... 11.7 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 27.8 ... ... ... ... ... 33.2 ... ... 16.3 ... ... 25.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.6 ... ... ... ... ... 20.0 ... ... 12.2 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 870 ... ... ... ... ... 1,070 ... ... 850 ... ... 810 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 969 ... ... ... ... ... 1,209 ... ... 900 ... ... 886 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0 ... ... 6,425 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... ... ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... ... ... ... 440 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... ... ... ... 449 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,723,230 851,615 871,620 425 205 220 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 765 385 385 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 8,560 3,785 4,780 0 0 0 985,200 480,950 504,245 0 0 0 177,300 86,310 90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 8,395 3,715 4,680 0 0 0 963,705 470,850 492,855 0 0 0 174,610 85,025 89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 7,165 3,225 3,935 0 0 0 763,230 371,400 391,825 0 0 0 140,690 68,395 72,300
Métis single ancestry 880 380 500 0 0 0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0 0 0 20,510 10,205 10,310
Inuit single ancestry 350 110 240 0 0 0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0 0 0 13,410 6,425 6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 170 70 100 0 0 0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0 0 0 2,685 1,280 1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 90 45 45 0 0 0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0 0 0 1,830 865 965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 70 20 55 0 0 0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0 0 0 760 365 400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,070 530 535 0 0 0 55 40 20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 0 0 0 45 20 20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 28,175 12,775 15,400 10 0 0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 15 10 10 203,425 96,595 106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 27,945 12,705 15,240 10 0 0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 15 10 10 200,985 95,520 105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25,185 11,485 13,695 0 0 0 801,630 384,550 417,075 10 0 10 177,925 84,210 93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,455 1,140 1,310 0 0 0 362,130 174,975 187,150 0 0 0 19,935 9,910 10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 310 80 235 0 0 0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0 0 0 3,120 1,405 1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 225 70 160 0 0 0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0 0 0 2,435 1,070 1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 195 60 130 0 0 0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0 0 0 1,800 775 1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0 0 0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0 0 0 535 240 295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 0 0 0 45 25 20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 15 0 0 0 330 125 210 0 0 0 60 25 30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,686,490 835,050 851,435 420 205 220 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 745 370 375 7,927,760 3,943,960 3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 430 210 225 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 765 380 385 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Canadian citizens77 1,434,570 703,030 731,545 420 205 220 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 535 280 260 7,790,215 3,862,365 3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18 279,730 142,810 136,925 120 55 70 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 95 40 60 1,570,720 805,100 765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 1,154,835 560,215 594,620 295 145 150 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 445 240 205 6,219,495 3,057,265 3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens78 288,660 148,585 140,075 0 0 0 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 230 105 120 518,265 264,490 253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 430 210 225 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 765 380 385 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Non-immigrants80 1,017,325 502,500 514,820 330 150 180 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 385 210 175 6,892,110 3,424,400 3,467,705
Immigrants81 576,120 278,025 298,100 100 55 45 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 270 120 145 1,210,600 588,960 621,640
Before 1980 87,415 40,730 46,685 10 10 0 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 0 0 0 187,200 91,895 95,300
1980 to 1990 59,835 29,275 30,555 10 10 0 924,320 443,805 480,520 50 25 30 124,610 61,850 62,755
1991 to 2000 95,220 45,340 49,880 0 0 0 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 15 0 15 190,495 91,635 98,860
2001 to 2010 139,575 67,480 72,090 50 30 25 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 85 40 45 312,210 150,825 161,390
2011 to 202182 194,080 95,195 98,885 20 10 10 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 115 55 60 396,090 192,745 203,340
2011 to 2015 90,040 43,785 46,255 20 10 10 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 40 15 25 193,345 93,485 99,855
2016 to 2021 104,040 51,410 52,630 0 0 0 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 75 45 30 202,740 99,260 103,480
Non-permanent residents83 129,780 71,085 58,695 0 0 0 924,850 499,490 425,365 115 45 70 205,770 113,500 92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 576,125 278,025 298,100 100 55 40 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 265 125 145 1,210,600 588,955 621,645
Under 5 years 45,920 23,340 22,575 15 0 15 748,265 377,795 370,470 25 15 15 112,295 56,755 55,540
5 to 14 years 90,130 45,385 44,740 10 10 0 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 70 35 30 201,385 101,555 99,835
15 to 24 years 104,655 46,955 57,705 25 15 15 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 50 20 30 213,035 96,175 116,860
25 to 44 years 290,245 141,865 148,380 40 25 15 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 110 50 65 594,845 292,975 301,875
45 years and over 45,170 20,475 24,700 0 0 0 797,180 364,260 432,920 15 10 10 89,045 41,505 47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 576,125 278,025 298,100 100 55 40 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 265 125 145 1,210,600 588,955 621,645
Americas 127,690 58,995 68,690 30 20 15 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 70 20 50 264,885 121,740 143,145
Brazil 3,760 1,770 1,990 0 0 0 48,450 22,405 26,050 0 0 0 9,705 4,520 5,180
Colombia 8,195 3,835 4,360 0 0 0 80,570 36,675 43,900 0 0 0 29,670 13,540 16,125
El Salvador 6,400 3,265 3,130 0 0 0 49,450 24,430 25,015 10 0 10 11,515 5,780 5,730
Guyana 1,350 660 690 0 0 0 85,530 37,870 47,660 0 0 0 2,350 1,090 1,260
Haiti 47,555 21,110 26,445 0 0 0 99,945 44,585 55,360 30 0 25 86,105 38,285 47,820
Jamaica 2,670 1,090 1,585 0 0 0 145,360 63,430 81,925 0 0 0 4,485 1,900 2,590
Mexico 8,225 4,005 4,220 0 0 0 90,585 42,215 48,370 0 0 0 17,390 7,935 9,455
Peru 6,715 3,060 3,660 0 0 0 31,420 13,925 17,490 15 10 0 13,885 6,295 7,595
Trinidad and Tobago 2,120 970 1,155 0 0 0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0 0 0 3,820 1,660 2,160
United States of America 10,180 5,260 4,920 0 0 0 256,090 115,380 140,705 10 0 10 24,945 12,195 12,745
Other places of birth in Americas 30,520 13,985 16,535 10 0 0 250,760 116,305 134,460 10 0 0 61,020 28,545 32,480
Europe 137,155 66,390 70,765 15 15 0 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 20 0 20 309,015 154,110 154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina 780 390 385 0 0 0 35,925 17,705 18,220 0 0 0 4,015 1,995 2,025
Croatia 760 390 375 0 0 0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0 0 0 2,015 1,050 960
France 39,280 20,790 18,485 10 10 0 121,525 63,845 57,685 0 0 0 93,160 49,870 43,290
Germany 2,480 1,285 1,200 0 0 0 126,470 60,560 65,915 0 0 0 8,385 4,095 4,295
Greece 7,730 3,445 4,285 0 0 0 54,715 27,050 27,665 0 0 0 16,130 7,790 8,340
Hungary 1,365 650 720 0 0 0 31,050 14,595 16,450 0 0 0 2,930 1,455 1,475
Italy 30,215 14,095 16,120 0 0 0 204,065 101,445 102,625 0 0 0 43,975 21,940 22,040
Netherlands 500 310 190 0 0 0 75,830 39,020 36,810 0 0 0 1,655 870 785
Poland 4,685 1,965 2,720 0 0 0 135,030 60,660 74,370 0 0 0 9,670 4,120 5,555
Portugal 7,715 3,520 4,195 0 0 0 128,795 62,880 65,910 0 0 0 17,000 8,190 8,805
Romania 9,655 4,440 5,215 0 0 0 86,770 40,820 45,955 15 0 10 27,515 12,990 14,530
Russian Federation 5,520 2,235 3,290 0 0 0 81,840 35,185 46,650 0 0 0 11,690 4,865 6,825
Serbia86 675 320 350 0 0 0 31,925 15,480 16,450 0 0 0 1,610 760 850
Ukraine 4,385 1,940 2,445 0 0 0 81,135 36,840 44,295 0 0 0 9,660 4,310 5,350
United Kingdom87 4,005 2,245 1,755 0 0 0 464,135 229,710 234,430 0 0 0 12,290 6,575 5,715
Other places of birth in Europe 17,395 8,365 9,030 0 0 0 271,725 131,935 139,790 0 0 0 47,310 23,240 24,075
Africa 140,555 71,665 68,890 45 20 20 821,735 412,365 409,375 125 75 55 302,010 153,655 148,355
Algeria 43,840 22,680 21,165 20 10 10 79,660 41,065 38,600 0 0 0 72,835 37,535 35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,025 2,765 3,265 0 0 0 33,110 15,775 17,340 20 10 10 15,595 7,460 8,140
Egypt 9,400 4,720 4,685 0 0 0 73,710 38,730 34,980 0 0 0 20,325 10,520 9,805
Eritrea 495 250 250 0 0 0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0 0 0 600 305 300
Ethiopia 660 305 355 0 0 0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0 0 0 1,045 485 565
Morocco 33,005 16,490 16,515 0 0 0 81,775 41,085 40,685 20 10 15 68,865 34,810 34,060
Nigeria 1,200 630 565 0 0 0 81,290 41,665 39,620 0 0 0 2,210 1,185 1,025
Somalia 400 200 200 0 0 0 32,500 14,600 17,900 0 0 0 675 330 350
South Africa, Republic of 415 275 140 0 0 0 51,590 25,740 25,855 0 0 0 1,025 575 450
Other places of birth in Africa 45,115 23,355 21,760 0 0 0 314,995 157,170 157,825 80 45 35 118,820 60,455 58,360
Asia 169,860 80,480 89,375 0 0 0 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 50 25 20 332,925 158,445 174,475
Afghanistan 1,100 570 535 0 0 0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0 0 0 9,545 4,825 4,725
Iran88 9,815 4,825 4,990 0 0 0 182,940 92,300 90,645 0 0 0 20,235 10,020 10,215
Iraq 1,610 890 725 0 0 0 84,130 42,660 41,465 0 0 0 4,085 2,110 1,980
Lebanon 17,455 9,230 8,220 0 0 0 95,725 50,675 45,055 0 0 0 42,280 22,610 19,670
Syria89 12,040 6,095 5,940 0 0 0 97,590 49,855 47,735 0 0 0 26,845 13,675 13,170
Turkey 4,010 2,020 1,995 0 0 0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0 0 0 7,450 3,850 3,605
China90 26,330 11,650 14,680 0 0 0 715,835 317,970 397,860 0 0 0 52,500 23,010 29,490
Hong Kong91 2,375 1,130 1,245 0 0 0 213,855 100,480 113,375 0 0 0 4,900 2,385 2,520
Korea, South92 2,680 1,185 1,495 0 0 0 138,355 63,025 75,325 0 0 0 5,180 2,275 2,905
Taiwan 1,265 540 725 0 0 0 65,365 28,725 36,635 0 0 0 2,500 1,015 1,485
Philippines 20,475 7,940 12,535 0 0 0 719,580 305,115 414,460 0 0 0 31,350 11,835 19,515
Viet Nam 16,395 7,460 8,935 0 0 0 182,095 82,670 99,425 25 20 10 25,485 11,580 13,900
Bangladesh 7,035 3,560 3,475 0 0 0 70,090 35,675 34,415 0 0 0 8,965 4,510 4,455
India 13,570 7,040 6,525 0 0 0 898,050 451,120 446,930 0 0 0 24,990 12,770 12,225
Pakistan 5,730 3,040 2,690 0 0 0 234,105 118,390 115,715 0 0 0 11,250 5,970 5,285
Sri Lanka 6,965 3,425 3,540 0 0 0 136,240 66,215 70,030 0 0 0 10,910 5,350 5,560
Other places of birth in Asia 21,010 9,890 11,120 0 0 0 375,340 175,930 199,410 0 0 0 44,455 20,665 23,790
Oceania and other places of birth93 860 485 375 0 0 0 61,965 31,055 30,910 0 0 0 1,765 1,010 750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 104,040 51,410 52,625 0 0 0 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 70 45 30 202,740 99,265 103,480
Americas 15,850 7,650 8,205 0 0 0 154,490 74,275 80,215 0 0 0 30,910 14,985 15,920
Brazil 1,105 455 645 0 0 0 19,895 9,340 10,560 0 0 0 2,575 1,170 1,410
Colombia 1,260 575 685 0 0 0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0 0 0 4,295 1,985 2,315
Haiti 5,495 2,700 2,795 0 0 0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0 0 0 8,600 4,210 4,395
Jamaica 135 70 60 0 0 0 15,155 7,740 7,420 0 0 0 215 130 90
Mexico 1,320 690 625 0 0 0 17,150 8,405 8,745 0 0 0 2,520 1,240 1,280
United States of America 2,255 1,165 1,090 0 0 0 39,875 19,790 20,085 0 0 0 4,140 2,170 1,975
Venezuela95 915 355 555 0 0 0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0 0 0 1,690 670 1,020
Other places of birth in Americas 3,375 1,630 1,740 0 0 0 33,350 15,785 17,570 0 0 0 6,860 3,420 3,440
Europe 17,760 9,335 8,425 0 0 0 134,425 69,310 65,120 0 0 0 33,705 17,520 16,185
France 11,735 6,290 5,445 0 0 0 27,175 14,560 12,610 0 0 0 20,980 11,325 9,655
Germany 235 130 105 0 0 0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0 0 0 530 295 240
Ireland96 55 45 10 0 0 0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0 0 0 100 85 15
Italy 420 260 160 0 0 0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0 0 0 700 420 285
Russian Federation 625 235 390 0 0 0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0 0 0 1,365 515 850
Ukraine 750 355 395 0 0 0 14,515 6,570 7,945 0 0 0 1,660 720 940
United Kingdom87 480 290 185 0 0 0 22,755 13,550 9,200 0 0 0 975 615 360
Other places of birth in Europe 3,465 1,725 1,740 0 0 0 43,120 21,160 21,960 0 0 0 7,395 3,550 3,845
Africa 34,835 17,255 17,575 0 0 0 206,965 102,875 104,090 55 30 25 70,310 34,215 36,095
Algeria 10,085 4,925 5,160 0 0 0 15,745 7,530 8,220 0 0 0 13,975 6,730 7,245
Burundi 715 385 335 0 0 0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0 0 0 2,290 1,170 1,120
Cameroon 3,555 1,730 1,825 0 0 0 11,795 5,545 6,250 35 20 15 8,830 4,180 4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,490 645 845 0 0 0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0 0 0 4,055 1,875 2,180
Côte d'Ivoire 1,625 785 835 0 0 0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0 0 0 6,305 3,055 3,255
Egypt 1,470 795 675 0 0 0 12,120 6,285 5,835 0 0 0 2,385 1,255 1,135
Eritrea 275 145 125 0 0 0 16,330 8,755 7,575 0 0 0 300 160 135
Ethiopia 90 40 45 0 0 0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0 0 0 155 75 75
Morocco 5,375 2,535 2,835 0 0 0 12,835 6,025 6,810 0 0 0 9,515 4,435 5,080
Nigeria 550 310 240 0 0 0 40,360 20,575 19,780 0 0 0 995 525 470
Somalia 40 25 20 0 0 0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0 0 0 75 40 30
South Africa, Republic of 105 55 50 0 0 0 8,510 4,290 4,220 0 0 0 190 100 85
Sudan97 70 40 35 0 0 0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0 0 0 100 55 45
Tunisia 3,360 1,755 1,610 0 0 0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0 0 0 6,640 3,375 3,260
Other places of birth in Africa 6,015 3,075 2,945 0 0 0 38,960 19,250 19,715 0 0 0 14,505 7,175 7,330
Asia 35,290 16,975 18,315 0 0 0 823,205 393,110 430,090 0 0 0 67,305 32,185 35,120
Afghanistan 180 95 85 0 0 0 12,730 6,290 6,440 0 0 0 2,515 1,250 1,265
Bangladesh 960 465 495 0 0 0 13,185 6,670 6,515 0 0 0 1,190 565 625
China90 4,960 2,085 2,875 0 0 0 118,035 50,365 67,665 0 0 0 10,735 4,680 6,055
Hong Kong91 55 10 40 0 0 0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0 0 0 150 70 75
India 5,690 3,035 2,655 0 0 0 246,995 128,205 118,790 0 0 0 8,460 4,430 4,030
Iran88 2,275 1,025 1,250 0 0 0 25,650 12,310 13,340 0 0 0 4,135 1,895 2,235
Iraq 245 145 100 0 0 0 17,715 8,835 8,875 0 0 0 715 385 325
Israel 145 90 60 0 0 0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0 0 0 395 205 185
Japan 185 55 130 0 0 0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0 0 0 325 75 250
Jordan 355 160 195 0 0 0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0 0 0 565 285 275
Korea, South92 750 320 435 0 0 0 20,985 8,790 12,200 0 0 0 1,355 585 775
Lebanon 1,710 930 775 0 0 0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0 0 0 3,620 1,925 1,700
Nepal 180 110 75 0 0 0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0 0 0 245 140 100
Pakistan 1,030 520 505 0 0 0 36,255 18,070 18,190 0 0 0 2,160 1,135 1,025
Philippines 5,730 2,455 3,280 0 0 0 151,490 66,720 84,765 0 0 0 8,480 3,560 4,920
Saudi Arabia 860 540 325 0 0 0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0 0 0 1,390 790 600
Sri Lanka 500 205 295 0 0 0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0 0 0 710 320 385
Syria89 5,895 3,065 2,835 0 0 0 63,130 32,725 30,410 0 0 0 13,390 6,960 6,425
Turkey 520 295 225 0 0 0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0 0 0 800 450 355
United Arab Emirates 580 290 290 0 0 0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0 0 0 975 510 470
Viet Nam 910 395 515 0 0 0 14,725 5,605 9,125 0 0 0 1,620 605 1,010
Other places of birth in Asia 1,565 680 880 0 0 0 30,410 13,035 17,375 0 0 0 3,390 1,355 2,035
Oceania and other93 305 195 110 0 0 0 9,160 5,335 3,825 0 0 0 510 355 160
Australia 195 125 65 0 0 0 6,535 3,845 2,685 0 0 0 295 195 95
Other places of birth98 110 70 45 0 0 0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0 0 0 220 160 60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 430 205 220 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 765 380 385 8,308,480 4,126,860 4,181,625
First generation100 725,270 358,390 366,885 95 55 40 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 385 175 210 1,471,845 728,125 743,715
Second generation101 361,130 181,485 179,645 100 50 50 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 85 45 40 883,485 446,000 437,490
Third generation or more102 636,825 311,740 325,090 235 105 130 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 295 165 130 5,953,145 2,952,730 3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 488,705 237,295 251,410 85 45 40 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 265 120 145 1,023,400 497,055 526,340
Economic immigrants104 267,215 137,555 129,660 55 35 20 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 115 60 55 559,935 290,040 269,895
Principal applicants105 135,610 78,460 57,150 20 20 0 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 40 25 15 267,870 161,125 106,740
Secondary applicants106 131,610 59,100 72,515 35 15 20 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 75 30 40 292,070 128,915 163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family107 133,215 54,390 78,825 25 10 15 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 100 30 70 272,255 109,735 162,515
Refugees108 79,320 41,035 38,285 0 0 0 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 30 20 10 175,740 89,995 85,740
Other immigrants109 8,955 4,310 4,645 0 0 0 91,900 42,145 49,755 15 10 0 15,470 7,290 8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 488,705 237,295 251,410 85 45 40 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 265 120 145 1,023,400 497,055 526,340
Asylum claim before admission111 50,275 26,560 23,710 0 0 0 416,105 222,895 193,205 25 20 10 89,850 47,360 42,495
Work permits only before admission112 50,365 23,725 26,640 10 0 0 705,405 324,370 381,035 15 0 15 94,185 46,445 47,740
Study permits only before admission113 11,765 6,105 5,655 0 0 0 183,250 92,135 91,110 0 0 0 25,505 13,385 12,115
Work and study permits before admission114 25,200 14,095 11,105 0 0 0 377,130 188,535 188,590 0 0 0 48,805 27,680 21,130
Other permits before admission115 4,400 1,875 2,525 0 0 0 39,540 15,685 23,855 0 0 0 8,935 3,495 5,440
No pre-admission experience116 346,705 164,930 181,775 70 40 35 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 215 95 120 756,120 358,700 397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 430 205 220 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 765 380 380 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625
Total visible minority population118 668,975 330,800 338,175 125 60 60 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 420 195 230 1,340,735 662,065 678,670
South Asian 79,670 42,620 37,050 0 0 0 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 50 0 50 127,990 67,140 60,850
Chinese 56,935 26,075 30,860 0 0 0 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 30 10 20 115,240 51,375 63,865
Black 198,610 96,350 102,255 55 30 25 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 175 95 85 422,405 206,335 216,070
Filipino 27,355 11,555 15,805 0 0 0 957,355 427,755 529,600 0 0 0 44,885 19,300 25,580
Arab 141,935 74,355 67,585 0 0 0 694,015 362,845 331,170 70 45 30 280,075 146,990 133,085
Latin American 78,150 38,450 39,705 40 25 15 580,235 281,030 299,200 50 30 25 172,925 85,035 87,880
Southeast Asian 37,905 17,950 19,955 0 0 0 390,340 184,120 206,220 40 20 15 70,455 33,510 36,945
West Asian 17,500 8,735 8,765 0 0 0 360,495 181,795 178,695 0 0 0 43,985 22,250 21,735
Korean 5,245 2,365 2,880 0 0 0 218,140 101,855 116,285 0 0 0 10,360 4,825 5,535
Japanese 2,645 1,045 1,600 0 0 0 98,890 42,315 56,575 0 0 0 5,305 2,190 3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,470 2,675 2,795 0 0 0 172,885 83,310 89,580 0 0 0 12,150 6,020 6,125
Multiple visible minorities 17,540 8,615 8,920 0 0 0 331,805 160,790 171,010 0 0 0 34,960 17,080 17,875
Not a visible minority120 1,054,255 520,810 533,445 305 145 160 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 345 190 160 6,967,745 3,464,790 3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 430 210 225 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 765 380 385 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625
Canadian 216,645 104,085 112,565 100 45 50 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 90 60 30 2,412,040 1,186,160 1,225,880
English 43,185 22,080 21,110 0 0 0 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 0 0 0 177,710 88,910 88,800
Irish 80,635 38,520 42,120 40 20 20 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 20 0 15 404,190 193,440 210,745
Scottish 44,880 21,650 23,230 0 0 0 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 0 0 0 192,685 93,120 99,565
French, n.o.s.122 307,670 155,535 152,135 105 60 50 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 140 80 60 1,778,900 897,890 881,010
German 31,730 15,215 16,510 0 0 0 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 10 0 10 124,305 60,295 64,010
Chinese 61,715 28,350 33,365 0 0 0 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 30 0 20 123,985 55,730 68,255
Italian 135,430 66,225 69,205 30 20 10 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 10 0 0 316,315 157,600 158,720
Indian (India) 36,920 19,740 17,180 0 0 0 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 35 0 35 65,790 34,390 31,405
Ukrainian 14,865 7,080 7,785 0 0 0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 0 0 0 38,685 18,590 20,095
Dutch 6,520 3,225 3,295 0 0 0 988,585 489,045 499,545 0 0 0 22,385 11,085 11,305
Polish 23,515 11,460 12,060 10 0 0 982,820 472,290 510,525 15 0 10 63,505 31,010 32,495
Québécois 103,145 51,885 51,265 80 30 45 981,635 490,130 491,510 65 30 35 931,940 465,630 466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.123 11,665 6,000 5,670 0 0 0 938,950 462,420 476,530 0 0 0 38,655 19,380 19,275
Filipino 26,105 11,050 15,045 0 0 0 925,490 414,915 510,570 0 0 0 43,580 18,815 24,760
French Canadian 59,380 28,470 30,910 15 10 10 906,315 441,610 464,705 10 10 0 588,805 290,630 298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 19,910 10,385 9,530 0 0 0 691,260 347,080 344,175 0 0 0 149,955 75,935 74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15,970 7,210 8,760 0 0 0 632,340 304,220 328,120 10 0 10 138,030 64,935 73,095
Métis 3,645 1,645 2,000 0 0 0 560,335 271,985 288,350 0 0 0 44,275 21,865 22,410
European, n.o.s.126 22,450 11,380 11,070 0 0 0 551,910 278,060 273,850 0 0 0 99,420 50,795 48,625
Russian 20,180 9,420 10,760 0 0 0 548,140 260,075 288,065 0 0 0 47,195 21,990 25,200
Norwegian 2,370 1,150 1,220 0 0 0 466,500 224,290 242,210 0 0 0 8,215 4,055 4,160
Welsh 3,345 1,715 1,630 0 0 0 455,720 216,490 239,230 0 0 0 11,260 5,450 5,810
Portuguese 23,120 11,280 11,840 0 0 0 448,305 222,770 225,535 0 0 0 64,385 32,135 32,255
American 11,970 5,910 6,055 0 0 0 353,495 172,240 181,255 0 0 0 46,600 22,380 24,230
Spanish 31,535 15,600 15,940 0 0 0 342,040 160,475 181,570 0 0 0 77,735 37,960 39,775
Swedish 2,500 1,180 1,320 0 0 0 334,505 156,840 177,665 0 0 0 6,965 3,270 3,700
Hungarian 9,065 4,385 4,680 0 0 0 320,150 155,755 164,395 0 0 0 23,360 11,410 11,950
Acadian 11,725 5,325 6,400 0 0 0 305,170 145,500 159,675 0 0 0 83,945 39,450 44,495
Pakistani 9,080 4,870 4,210 0 0 0 303,260 154,435 148,825 0 0 0 16,645 8,825 7,815
African, n.o.s.127 33,155 16,460 16,695 0 0 0 301,955 148,335 153,625 0 0 0 73,930 36,725 37,205
Jewish 26,680 13,550 13,135 0 0 0 282,015 141,530 140,490 0 0 0 57,320 29,015 28,305
Punjabi 5,655 3,385 2,270 0 0 0 279,950 145,620 134,330 0 0 0 8,765 5,040 3,725
Vietnamese 26,955 12,890 14,070 0 0 0 275,530 131,075 144,445 30 15 15 45,570 21,910 23,665
Arab, n.o.s.128 52,935 28,050 24,885 0 0 0 263,710 138,210 125,500 50 30 20 104,735 55,130 49,610
Greek 26,980 13,250 13,725 0 0 0 262,140 132,975 129,160 0 0 0 69,705 35,085 34,620
Jamaican 5,905 2,760 3,140 0 0 0 249,070 119,265 129,805 0 0 0 11,395 5,490 5,905
Asian, n.o.s.129 8,475 3,860 4,610 0 0 0 226,220 107,785 118,435 0 0 0 15,820 7,190 8,630
Cree, n.o.s.130 780 355 430 0 0 0 219,855 105,825 114,030 0 0 0 21,540 10,530 11,005
Korean 5,445 2,485 2,960 0 0 0 217,650 101,805 115,845 0 0 0 10,655 4,940 5,720
Romanian 16,255 7,785 8,470 0 0 0 215,885 103,720 112,165 15 0 10 46,765 22,775 23,995
Lebanese 30,115 15,635 14,475 0 0 0 210,605 107,990 102,615 0 0 0 78,210 40,740 37,470
Iranian 12,890 6,310 6,575 0 0 0 200,465 100,790 99,675 0 0 0 25,825 12,855 12,975
Christian, n.i.e.131 11,615 5,780 5,835 0 0 0 200,340 99,800 100,540 0 0 0 81,820 41,395 40,425
Danish 1,820 845 970 0 0 0 196,945 96,220 100,725 0 0 0 5,260 2,670 2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 3,710 1,705 2,005 0 0 0 194,840 94,035 100,810 0 0 0 35,315 17,125 18,190
Sikh 3,335 1,775 1,560 0 0 0 194,640 101,255 93,385 35 0 35 5,175 2,765 2,415
Austrian 3,485 1,725 1,755 0 0 0 189,535 92,740 96,800 0 0 0 11,030 5,425 5,610
Belgian 10,940 5,520 5,420 0 0 0 182,175 90,150 92,030 10 0 10 48,380 24,065 24,315
Haitian 80,485 37,710 42,775 25 20 0 178,990 84,510 94,490 45 10 35 156,065 73,495 82,570
Hindu 5,610 3,195 2,420 0 0 0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0 0 0 8,930 4,805 4,125
Mexican 15,365 7,685 7,680 15 10 10 155,495 77,435 78,055 0 0 0 34,305 16,985 17,320
Mennonite 385 195 195 0 0 0 155,095 77,735 77,360 0 0 0 695 325 365
Swiss 5,470 2,695 2,775 0 0 0 145,570 72,015 73,555 0 0 0 22,980 11,870 11,110
Finnish 1,000 425 580 0 0 0 144,055 69,270 74,785 0 0 0 3,120 1,375 1,740
Sri Lankan 7,720 3,820 3,905 0 0 0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0 0 0 12,400 6,165 6,240
Croatian 2,230 1,080 1,155 0 0 0 130,820 64,915 65,905 0 0 0 6,790 3,425 3,370
Japanese 3,565 1,490 2,075 0 0 0 129,425 56,850 72,580 0 0 0 7,460 3,215 4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.133 1,770 970 800 0 0 0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0 0 0 3,020 1,565 1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 2,310 1,015 1,300 0 0 0 111,605 53,700 57,905 0 0 0 20,235 9,695 10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.135 1,300 685 615 0 0 0 110,735 54,730 56,005 0 0 0 4,075 2,125 1,955
Muslim 8,530 4,530 3,995 0 0 0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0 0 0 16,665 8,705 7,965
Egyptian 13,040 6,810 6,230 0 0 0 105,245 55,230 50,020 0 0 0 30,240 15,745 14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 12,215 6,250 5,965 0 0 0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0 0 0 27,170 13,580 13,585
Tamil 4,835 2,245 2,585 0 0 0 102,170 51,165 51,005 0 0 0 7,615 3,645 3,970
Icelandic 345 205 145 0 0 0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0 0 0 1,135 660 470
Colombian 11,580 5,525 6,055 0 0 0 100,555 47,995 52,560 0 0 0 39,485 18,805 20,680
Moroccan 37,360 19,125 18,235 0 0 0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0 0 0 81,230 41,590 39,635
Czech 2,395 1,080 1,315 0 0 0 98,925 47,495 51,430 0 0 0 5,705 2,720 2,985
Syrian 13,935 6,830 7,105 0 0 0 98,250 49,385 48,865 0 0 0 31,590 15,820 15,770
Guyanese 1,650 815 835 0 0 0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0 0 0 3,410 1,585 1,825
Afghan 1,885 1,005 885 0 0 0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0 0 0 13,095 6,825 6,275
Black, n.o.s.137 7,275 3,530 3,740 0 0 0 94,585 44,335 50,250 0 0 0 14,505 7,040 7,465
Serbian 1,755 835 920 0 0 0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0 0 0 5,355 2,655 2,700
Ojibway 250 130 125 0 0 0 92,220 44,610 47,600 0 0 0 1,120 540 585
Newfoundlander 390 230 160 0 0 0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0 0 0 1,830 935 895
Hong Konger 1,000 460 540 0 0 0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0 0 0 1,920 840 1,080
Ontarian 795 370 430 0 0 0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0 0 0 5,890 2,755 3,140
Persian 4,285 2,325 1,955 0 0 0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0 0 0 8,185 4,345 3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,925 1,500 1,425 0 0 0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0 0 0 5,670 2,880 2,790
Turkish 8,160 4,055 4,105 0 0 0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0 0 0 15,620 7,850 7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.138 775 220 555 0 0 0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0 0 0 17,970 8,515 9,455
Bangladeshi 8,790 4,475 4,310 0 0 0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0 0 0 11,075 5,635 5,445
Algerian 40,570 21,135 19,435 0 0 0 73,770 38,035 35,740 20 15 0 65,860 33,955 31,905
Brazilian 6,440 3,085 3,355 0 0 0 71,755 34,670 37,085 0 0 0 15,775 7,620 8,155
Nigerian 1,780 820 955 0 0 0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0 0 0 3,200 1,570 1,630
Armenian 10,715 5,120 5,595 0 0 0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0 0 0 30,720 15,190 15,530
Slovak 1,375 640 735 0 0 0 68,210 33,475 34,740 0 0 0 4,070 1,995 2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,990 1,430 1,555 0 0 0 66,780 31,525 35,255 0 0 0 7,205 3,415 3,790
Somali 1,155 550 610 0 0 0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0 0 0 2,090 975 1,110
Taiwanese 1,860 860 1,000 0 0 0 64,020 29,280 34,740 0 0 0 3,605 1,655 1,950
Iraqi 1,770 975 800 0 0 0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0 0 0 4,385 2,290 2,095
Salvadorean 9,125 4,430 4,700 0 0 0 59,280 29,150 30,130 15 0 15 17,265 8,595 8,670
African Caribbean 5,045 2,265 2,780 0 0 0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0 0 0 9,305 4,260 5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 1,775 775 995 0 0 0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0 0 0 3,425 1,520 1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 3,005 1,655 1,355 0 0 0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0 0 0 5,955 3,180 2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 4,900 2,065 2,835 0 0 0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0 0 0 9,190 4,020 5,170
Algonquin 1,725 860 865 0 0 0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0 0 0 29,880 14,520 15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,900 775 1,120 0 0 0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0 0 0 3,140 1,390 1,750
Lithuanian 2,110 930 1,180 0 0 0 52,040 24,510 27,530 0 0 0 5,455 2,460 2,995
South African 465 220 245 0 0 0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0 0 0 1,045 545 500
Australian 830 405 425 0 0 0 46,765 24,165 22,595 0 0 0 1,820 885 935
Palestinian 3,525 1,890 1,640 0 0 0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0 0 0 6,500 3,445 3,055
Chilean 6,025 2,985 3,040 0 0 0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0 0 0 14,420 7,150 7,265
Congolese 9,965 4,820 5,140 0 0 0 45,260 22,000 23,260 50 25 25 24,070 11,855 12,220
Nova Scotian 505 225 280 0 0 0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0 0 0 1,430 640 790
Ethiopian 965 495 475 0 0 0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0 0 0 1,440 740 705
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 3,165 1,615 1,550 0 0 0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0 0 0 6,335 3,155 3,185
Peruvian 8,415 3,870 4,545 0 0 0 42,295 19,925 22,370 15 10 10 19,055 8,900 10,155
Yoruba 1,710 940 770 0 0 0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0 0 0 2,820 1,545 1,270
Cambodian (Khmer) 8,775 4,125 4,650 0 0 0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0 0 0 17,600 8,335 9,265
Berber 19,835 10,545 9,290 0 0 0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0 0 0 36,540 19,550 16,990
Albanian 2,560 1,300 1,260 0 0 0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0 0 0 4,650 2,390 2,265
Maltese 360 200 160 0 0 0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0 0 0 1,095 585 510
Macedonian 325 165 160 0 0 0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0 0 0 680 325 355
Slovenian 825 365 455 0 0 0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0 0 0 2,395 1,115 1,280
Western European, n.o.s.145 2,185 1,225 960 0 0 0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0 0 0 7,000 3,690 3,310
New Brunswicker 850 430 425 0 0 0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0 0 0 4,900 2,340 2,560
Gujarati 880 475 405 0 0 0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0 0 0 1,340 710 630
Eritrean 615 305 310 0 0 0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0 0 0 800 400 400
African Canadian 1,290 680 610 0 0 0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0 0 0 3,715 1,835 1,880
Israeli 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0 0 0 6,750 3,465 3,285
Mohawk 1,345 600 740 0 0 0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0 0 0 6,635 3,230 3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 550 235 315 0 0 0 33,135 15,355 17,775 0 0 0 1,620 790 830
Bulgarian 4,040 1,955 2,085 0 0 0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0 0 0 9,500 4,690 4,815
Albertan 100 35 65 0 0 0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0 0 0 410 175 240
Ghanaian 1,735 925 810 0 0 0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0 0 0 3,385 1,795 1,590
Barbadian 2,410 1,195 1,215 0 0 0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0 0 0 4,840 2,455 2,390
African American 1,600 790 810 0 0 0 31,430 15,700 15,730 0 0 0 3,255 1,640 1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 825 450 375 0 0 0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0 0 0 2,310 1,205 1,110
Tunisian 11,510 6,360 5,150 0 0 0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0 0 0 26,015 14,280 11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,350 615 725 0 0 0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0 0 0 2,885 1,425 1,455
Cuban 3,770 1,915 1,850 0 0 0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0 0 0 10,280 5,255 5,030
Bosnian 510 245 270 0 0 0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0 0 0 2,415 1,265 1,150
Venezuelan 3,895 1,730 2,160 0 0 0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0 0 0 8,690 4,045 4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 1,610 705 905 0 0 0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0 0 0 23,940 11,480 12,455
Latvian 625 330 295 0 0 0 28,140 13,515 14,620 0 0 0 1,640 760 875
Bengali 3,570 1,775 1,800 0 0 0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0 0 0 4,560 2,275 2,285
Cameroonian 6,740 3,360 3,380 0 0 0 26,535 12,960 13,580 40 25 15 18,610 9,100 9,510
Guatemalan 4,875 2,545 2,330 0 0 0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0 0 0 10,375 5,800 4,570
Indonesian 1,000 455 540 0 0 0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0 0 0 1,970 835 1,135
Laotian 2,510 1,280 1,235 0 0 0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0 0 0 7,485 3,675 3,810
Ilocano 1,085 525 565 0 0 0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0 0 0 1,445 705 745
Northern Irish 310 160 150 0 0 0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0 0 0 1,200 595 600
Celtic, n.o.s.150 585 295 290 0 0 0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0 0 0 1,695 890 800
British Columbian 90 40 50 0 0 0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0 0 0 280 110 170
Ecuadorian 1,190 565 630 0 0 0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0 0 0 2,550 1,205 1,345
Franco Ontarian 675 355 315 0 0 0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0 0 0 4,245 2,080 2,165
Argentinian 2,545 1,310 1,230 0 0 0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0 0 0 5,890 2,965 2,925
Estonian 365 215 150 0 0 0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0 0 0 885 450 435
Kurdish 1,470 840 635 0 0 0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0 0 0 2,805 1,615 1,190
Fijian 15 0 10 0 0 0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0 0 0 50 15 35
Jatt 390 185 205 0 0 0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0 0 0 605 290 315
North American, n.o.s.151 715 370 345 0 0 0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0 0 0 6,565 3,400 3,160
Coptic 2,240 1,170 1,070 0 0 0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0 0 0 4,750 2,465 2,290
Thai 1,150 395 755 0 0 0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0 0 0 3,230 1,185 2,040
Dominican 5,245 2,460 2,790 0 0 0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0 0 0 10,875 5,075 5,800
Nepali 430 240 185 0 0 0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0 0 0 980 505 475
Kabyle 10,940 5,660 5,275 30 15 20 20,565 10,595 9,975 0 0 0 19,520 10,085 9,440
Assyrian 345 150 200 0 0 0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0 0 0 835 395 440
Igbo 565 325 240 0 0 0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0 0 0 880 535 340
Byelorussian 1,090 555 535 0 0 0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0 0 0 2,825 1,360 1,465
Dene, n.o.s.152 25 10 15 0 0 0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0 0 0 70 40 30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 100 45 50 0 0 0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0 0 0 430 210 220
Abenaki 1,685 750 935 0 0 0 18,420 8,545 9,870 10 10 0 16,400 7,610 8,790
Moldovan 3,295 1,630 1,665 0 0 0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0 0 0 9,595 4,655 4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 1,120 500 615 0 0 0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0 0 0 8,890 4,275 4,615
New Zealander 265 150 115 0 0 0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0 0 0 625 360 265
Sudanese 300 155 145 0 0 0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0 0 0 500 245 255
Breton 3,775 1,765 2,010 0 0 0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0 0 0 15,500 7,725 7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch 45 20 25 0 0 0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0 0 0 140 50 90
Malaysian 375 205 165 0 0 0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0 0 0 840 405 440
Plains Cree 35 15 20 0 0 0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0 0 0 180 95 90
North African, n.o.s.155 5,440 2,890 2,545 0 0 0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0 0 0 10,290 5,465 4,825
Huron (Wendat) 1,425 655 770 0 0 0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0 0 0 12,745 6,210 6,530
Saskatchewanian 70 25 45 0 0 0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0 0 0 245 110 130
Buddhist 690 295 400 0 0 0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0 0 0 1,365 635 730
Gaspesian 1,565 705 860 0 0 0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0 0 0 14,470 6,695 7,780
Norman 1,850 905 940 0 0 0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0 0 0 11,125 5,595 5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 260 105 155 0 0 0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0 0 0 475 225 250
Ivorian 3,370 1,610 1,760 0 0 0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0 0 0 11,565 5,660 5,905
Saulteaux 35 10 15 0 0 0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0 0 0 155 80 80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 140 60 85 0 0 0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0 0 0 1,485 750 735
Burundian 2,120 1,025 1,090 0 0 0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0 0 0 7,640 3,675 3,970
Tigrinya 370 210 160 0 0 0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0 0 0 410 230 185
Nicaraguan 1,255 630 625 0 0 0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0 0 0 2,845 1,480 1,365
Mauritian 1,955 1,080 870 0 0 0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0 0 0 5,770 3,070 2,700
Kenyan 210 95 115 0 0 0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0 0 0 525 245 280
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0 0 0 65 25 40
Vincentian 2,215 885 1,330 0 0 0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0 0 0 3,135 1,295 1,840
Jordanian 770 430 340 0 0 0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0 0 0 1,455 815 635
Manitoban 110 45 60 0 0 0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0 0 0 480 225 255
Cape Bretoner 50 15 35 0 0 0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0 0 0 205 95 110
Rwandan 2,125 975 1,155 0 0 0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0 0 0 6,315 2,940 3,380
Grenadian 910 350 560 0 0 0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0 0 0 1,445 590 850
Malayali 335 185 150 0 0 0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0 0 0 450 235 215
Chaldean 110 40 75 0 0 0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0 0 0 265 115 155
Sinhalese 310 150 165 0 0 0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0 0 0 520 255 265
Mayan 1,695 900 795 0 0 0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0 0 0 3,420 1,790 1,630
Honduran 2,260 1,015 1,240 0 0 0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0 0 0 4,025 1,940 2,080
Cherokee 195 90 100 0 0 0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0 0 0 640 320 315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 15 10 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0 0 0 55 15 40
Indo-Caribbean 280 135 140 0 0 0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0 0 0 500 220 280
Flemish 520 265 255 0 0 0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0 0 0 1,595 830 765
United Empire Loyalist 90 45 50 0 0 0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0 0 0 340 180 160
Senegalese 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0 0 0 8,040 4,115 3,925
Azerbaijani 510 260 245 0 0 0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0 0 0 990 500 490
Sicilian 970 495 470 0 0 0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0 0 0 2,155 1,105 1,050
Pashtun 475 245 220 0 0 0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0 0 0 750 410 335
Malay 300 135 165 0 0 0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0 0 0 495 215 280
Goan 115 55 60 0 0 0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0 0 0 300 140 165
Bantu, n.o.s.158 1,635 815 815 0 0 0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0 0 0 4,405 2,215 2,195
Tibetan 135 65 70 0 0 0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0 0 0 260 125 135
Zimbabwean 180 105 75 0 0 0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0 0 0 425 225 200
Burmese 225 105 120 0 0 0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0 0 0 580 265 320
Mongolian 480 210 270 0 0 0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0 0 0 1,165 550 620
Azorean 730 310 415 0 0 0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0 0 0 2,010 910 1,095
Atikamekw 325 145 180 0 0 0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0 0 0 8,265 4,200 4,065
Bamileke 2,160 1,115 1,040 0 0 0 8,315 4,220 4,090 0 0 0 6,515 3,295 3,225
Indo-Guyanese 125 60 65 0 0 0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0 0 0 180 90 90
Ugandan 100 55 50 0 0 0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0 0 0 240 100 145
Oromo 50 25 25 0 0 0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0 0 0 90 50 45
Tanzanian 175 85 90 0 0 0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0 0 0 485 250 240
Yemeni 515 275 240 0 0 0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0 0 0 795 435 365
Central African 1,415 675 740 0 0 0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0 0 0 5,620 2,670 2,950
Libyan 590 320 270 0 0 0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0 0 0 980 485 495
Basque 980 515 465 0 0 0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0 0 0 3,800 1,950 1,850
Uruguayan 785 450 335 0 0 0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0 0 0 1,995 1,055 945
Akan, n.o.s.159 545 270 270 0 0 0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0 0 0 1,870 925 945
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 870 500 370 0 0 0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0 0 0 1,975 1,045 930
Igorot 290 105 185 0 0 0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0 0 0 340 130 210
Fulani 2,380 1,260 1,120 0 0 0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0 0 0 5,445 2,800 2,645
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0 0 0 50 25 20
Guinean 2,670 1,375 1,290 0 0 0 7,390 3,700 3,695 0 0 0 5,530 2,805 2,725
St. Lucian 255 100 155 0 0 0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0 0 0 520 240 280
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0 0 0 115 45 65
Maliseet 200 70 135 0 0 0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0 0 0 3,070 1,470 1,605
Beninese 2,000 1,140 865 0 0 0 6,810 3,630 3,180 10 10 0 4,790 2,620 2,170
Telugu 180 125 55 0 0 0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0 0 0 320 205 115
Roma 235 110 125 0 0 0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0 0 0 525 270 250
Costa Rican 720 425 295 0 0 0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0 0 0 1,815 1,005 815
African Nova Scotian 215 105 115 0 0 0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0 0 0 365 180 180
Malagasy 1,625 755 865 0 0 0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0 0 0 5,215 2,580 2,630
Kashmiri 75 40 30 0 0 0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0 0 0 280 160 125
Singaporean 75 55 15 0 0 0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0 0 0 160 100 65
Karen 10 0 0 0 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0 0 0 55 30 30
Edo 290 130 155 0 0 0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0 0 0 425 195 230
Tajik 100 45 55 0 0 0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0 0 0 635 300 335
Amhara 95 45 45 0 0 0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0 0 0 160 85 75
Paraguayan 90 35 60 0 0 0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0 0 0 315 145 175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,723,230 851,610 871,620 430 205 220 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 770 380 380 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Buddhist 26,395 11,650 14,745 0 0 0 356,975 157,435 199,540 30 15 15 48,365 21,395 26,980
Christian 853,205 397,365 455,840 235 105 130 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 425 240 185 5,385,240 2,596,385 2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.162 105,435 50,405 55,035 20 10 15 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 60 30 30 464,020 229,155 234,860
Anabaptist 195 80 120 0 0 0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0 0 0 800 365 435
Anglican 9,480 4,260 5,220 0 0 0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 0 0 0 55,290 26,065 29,230
Baptist 11,620 5,335 6,290 0 0 0 436,940 200,325 236,615 0 0 0 33,755 15,875 17,885
Catholic 602,630 280,655 321,975 205 100 110 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 315 185 130 4,472,555 2,156,595 2,315,960
Christian Orthodox 55,730 26,490 29,235 0 0 0 623,010 301,055 321,955 15 0 10 145,805 70,840 74,965
Jehovah's Witness 6,790 2,720 4,070 0 0 0 137,255 59,505 77,750 0 0 0 27,970 12,060 15,910
Latter Day Saints 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 87,725 41,365 46,360 0 0 0 4,600 2,190 2,405
Lutheran 1,510 685 825 0 0 0 328,045 150,115 177,925 0 0 0 4,875 2,260 2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 840 400 440 0 0 0 100,655 46,640 54,020 0 0 0 2,255 1,070 1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,860 6,485 8,380 0 0 0 399,025 180,870 218,155 0 0 0 39,700 17,955 21,735
Presbyterian 2,615 1,230 1,380 0 0 0 301,400 136,440 164,960 0 0 0 8,010 3,830 4,180
Reformed 310 150 165 0 0 0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0 0 0 1,220 620 600
United Church 3,950 1,655 2,295 0 0 0 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 0 0 0 19,595 8,645 10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 36,100 16,305 19,790 0 0 0 745,650 345,540 400,110 15 0 10 104,790 48,840 55,950
Hindu 30,430 16,600 13,835 0 0 0 828,195 430,135 398,060 0 0 0 47,390 25,045 22,345
Jewish 35,930 17,990 17,940 0 0 0 335,295 164,220 171,070 0 0 0 84,530 41,470 43,065
Muslim 218,395 113,570 104,820 65 25 40 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 90 50 35 421,710 218,255 203,455
Sikh 15,630 8,360 7,265 0 0 0 771,790 394,345 377,445 50 0 50 23,345 12,385 10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 205 80 130 0 0 0 80,685 38,460 42,230 0 0 0 3,790 1,900 1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions 8,860 4,145 4,710 0 0 0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0 0 0 26,385 12,370 14,010
No religion and secular perspectives 534,180 281,845 252,340 130 75 50 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 170 80 95 2,267,720 1,197,655 1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,706,230 842,970 863,255 425 210 220 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 755 380 375 8,228,540 4,085,665 4,142,870
Non-movers 1,471,775 723,745 748,030 390 190 200 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 620 300 320 7,283,250 3,618,915 3,664,330
Movers 234,450 119,225 115,230 35 20 15 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 135 75 60 945,290 466,750 478,540
Non-migrants 174,665 88,775 85,895 30 15 15 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 105 60 40 543,670 268,740 274,925
Migrants 59,790 30,455 29,335 0 0 0 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 30 20 15 401,625 198,010 203,615
Internal migrants 31,510 15,825 15,685 0 0 0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 20 10 10 349,095 170,740 178,355
Intraprovincial migrants 22,730 11,190 11,535 0 0 0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 0 0 0 321,005 156,550 164,455
Interprovincial migrants 8,780 4,635 4,145 0 0 0 268,965 135,215 133,750 10 0 0 28,085 14,185 13,895
External migrants 28,280 14,630 13,650 0 0 0 293,955 147,585 146,370 15 0 0 52,530 27,270 25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,634,705 806,720 827,980 395 190 205 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 735 370 365 7,886,185 3,909,425 3,976,760
Non-movers 890,430 431,050 459,385 265 135 130 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 355 180 175 4,810,540 2,390,480 2,420,060
Movers 744,270 375,675 368,595 130 55 80 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 380 190 190 3,075,650 1,518,950 1,556,700
Non-migrants 416,555 207,830 208,725 120 50 70 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 155 95 60 1,312,590 644,860 667,730
Migrants 327,720 167,840 159,875 15 0 10 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 225 95 135 1,763,060 874,090 888,970
Internal migrants 145,860 72,315 73,545 10 0 10 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 60 25 35 1,442,970 707,975 734,995
Intraprovincial migrants 118,675 58,715 59,960 10 0 10 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 55 25 30 1,359,165 666,050 693,115
Interprovincial migrants 27,185 13,600 13,580 0 0 0 921,345 459,695 461,650 0 0 0 83,805 41,925 41,880
External migrants 181,860 95,525 86,335 0 0 0 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 170 70 100 320,090 166,115 153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 315 160 160 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 655 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 253,885 125,810 128,075 45 20 25 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 125 55 65 1,426,055 773,160 652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 1,199,415 587,940 611,470 275 140 135 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 530 265 265 5,492,670 2,641,355 2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,205 492,180 489,025 220 105 110 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 455 245 210 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 115,240 62,335 52,905 10 0 0 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 70 35 40 642,800 382,415 260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 865,970 429,855 436,115 205 100 105 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 385 215 170 3,791,730 1,826,340 1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 320 160 155 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 650 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree 228,310 111,220 117,090 35 15 25 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 100 40 60 1,256,550 656,495 600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 281,440 143,785 137,655 75 40 40 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 170 90 80 1,482,020 719,250 762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 943,545 458,740 484,805 205 110 95 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 385 195 190 4,180,150 2,038,775 2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 420,630 208,325 212,310 110 70 45 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 245 125 115 2,551,215 1,297,600 1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 135,320 75,570 59,755 30 25 10 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 110 55 55 1,096,360 666,925 429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 98,575 50,165 48,415 30 25 10 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 75 35 50 793,030 427,220 365,815
Apprenticeship certificate169 36,750 25,405 11,335 0 0 0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 30 20 10 303,330 239,705 63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 226,630 107,020 119,610 55 30 25 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 115 60 55 1,202,040 528,525 673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 58,675 25,735 32,945 25 15 20 896,755 372,560 524,195 20 10 10 252,815 102,150 150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher 522,915 250,415 272,500 90 40 50 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 140 65 75 1,628,940 741,170 887,765
Bachelor's degree 294,530 137,550 156,980 55 30 30 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 90 55 35 1,011,695 443,295 568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 51,000 23,685 27,315 15 10 10 556,510 243,200 313,310 0 0 0 149,425 66,595 82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 13,135 6,300 6,830 0 0 0 214,105 108,000 106,105 0 0 0 43,755 20,810 22,940
Master's degree 138,940 68,590 70,355 25 0 15 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 40 10 30 360,795 174,150 186,645
Earned doctorate171 25,315 14,295 11,025 0 0 0 279,660 165,795 113,870 0 0 0 63,270 36,320 26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,210 492,185 489,025 215 105 110 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 455 250 210 4,434,525 2,208,760 2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree 97,670 52,760 44,910 10 0 0 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 55 25 30 525,155 303,815 221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 146,020 79,740 66,280 55 25 25 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 80 50 30 752,855 388,160 364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 737,515 359,680 377,835 160 75 85 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 315 165 145 3,156,515 1,516,785 1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 302,205 152,275 149,925 70 35 40 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 180 100 80 1,849,290 942,950 906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 103,365 56,740 46,625 15 10 0 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 80 45 35 836,455 498,385 338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 76,115 38,060 38,055 15 10 0 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 60 25 30 609,895 319,470 290,425
Apprenticeship certificate169 27,250 18,680 8,565 0 0 0 836,220 693,830 142,395 20 15 0 226,565 178,915 47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 155,015 75,780 79,230 25 15 15 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 80 45 35 838,140 372,455 465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 43,825 19,755 24,070 25 0 15 623,090 261,035 362,050 20 15 10 174,695 72,115 102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher 435,315 207,405 227,905 90 45 45 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 135 70 70 1,307,225 573,835 733,395
Bachelor's degree 239,785 112,440 127,345 50 25 20 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 80 55 30 802,755 343,100 459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 42,855 19,650 23,205 15 0 0 430,875 179,230 251,645 10 0 10 119,460 50,155 69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10,470 4,595 5,875 0 0 0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0 0 0 33,445 13,520 19,920
Master's degree 121,575 59,570 62,010 25 0 20 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 40 10 30 302,065 140,530 161,530
Earned doctorate171 20,630 11,160 9,475 0 0 0 209,445 115,530 93,915 0 0 0 49,500 26,520 22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 320 160 155 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 650 320 325 6,918,725 3,414,515 3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 509,755 255,010 254,740 115 50 60 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 270 130 135 2,738,575 1,375,740 1,362,830
Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 25 0 20 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 10 0 0 292,470 65,830 226,640
13. Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 25 0 20 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 10 0 0 292,470 65,830 226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 63,605 30,650 32,955 0 0 0 631,255 274,065 357,190 30 10 20 166,900 75,420 91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 7,690 5,340 2,350 0 0 0 74,785 53,390 21,395 0 0 0 23,530 16,540 6,990
50. Visual and performing arts 55,915 25,310 30,600 0 0 0 556,470 220,680 335,790 25 10 15 143,365 58,875 84,490
Humanities 69,055 27,655 41,405 10 0 10 926,560 354,120 572,440 25 10 10 228,770 90,810 137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 13,280 3,420 9,860 0 0 0 106,345 23,460 82,885 0 0 0 35,440 8,360 27,080
23. English language and literature/letters 7,005 2,310 4,695 0 0 0 184,600 53,020 131,580 0 0 0 14,855 4,790 10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 24,785 10,755 14,030 0 0 0 316,050 119,215 196,830 15 10 10 107,105 44,755 62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 750 270 485 0 0 0 18,935 6,835 12,095 0 0 0 2,195 825 1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies 4,470 2,710 1,765 10 0 10 57,745 33,040 24,700 0 0 0 11,135 6,895 4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,895 1,240 655 0 0 0 77,510 46,140 31,365 0 0 0 9,385 5,650 3,735
54. History 5,890 3,170 2,720 0 0 0 108,935 58,310 50,620 0 0 0 17,420 9,975 7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 10,980 3,785 7,195 0 0 0 56,440 14,090 42,345 0 0 0 31,240 9,565 21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law 135,105 49,230 85,875 20 15 0 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 40 20 30 430,845 142,280 288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,930 580 1,345 0 0 0 29,430 7,065 22,365 0 0 0 4,980 1,515 3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 21,825 7,570 14,260 0 0 0 233,400 88,205 145,200 10 0 0 57,080 19,060 38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 16,140 1,820 14,315 0 0 0 344,150 27,905 316,240 0 0 0 79,155 6,625 72,535
22. Legal professions and studies 24,300 9,690 14,610 0 0 0 325,785 115,335 210,445 0 0 0 77,880 29,725 48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,725 1,115 2,610 0 0 0 49,855 16,000 33,850 0 0 0 12,015 3,185 8,825
42. Psychology 18,040 4,375 13,670 0 0 0 327,965 79,295 248,665 10 0 10 65,230 15,095 50,135
45. Social sciences 49,145 24,080 25,070 20 15 0 705,540 336,960 368,580 10 10 0 134,510 67,065 67,440
Business, management and public administration 212,570 93,910 118,660 60 25 35 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 95 45 45 950,820 357,290 593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science 195 110 85 0 0 0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0 0 0 780 305 475
44. Public administration and social service professions 10,270 2,590 7,675 0 0 0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0 0 0 55,355 12,215 43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 202,105 91,205 110,895 60 25 35 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 95 45 45 894,690 344,770 549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies 48,295 25,025 23,270 20 15 0 719,715 353,540 366,175 15 10 10 158,655 83,605 75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 19,755 8,140 11,615 0 0 0 297,055 121,615 175,435 10 0 10 57,680 23,925 33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,970 4,260 3,710 0 0 0 155,955 72,245 83,705 0 0 0 25,605 14,230 11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 4,885 2,495 2,400 0 0 0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0 0 0 24,115 11,710 12,400
40. Physical sciences 14,030 9,170 4,855 0 0 0 196,620 130,745 65,875 0 0 0 42,530 29,180 13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,650 965 690 0 0 0 34,710 13,985 20,730 0 0 0 8,730 4,560 4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 58,555 41,475 17,080 20 10 10 804,230 531,435 272,795 20 10 10 177,780 124,955 52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 47,925 35,890 12,030 10 0 0 643,145 454,370 188,775 20 10 10 147,845 110,915 36,930
25. Library science 3,205 810 2,400 0 0 0 43,085 7,100 35,985 0 0 0 11,610 2,255 9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics 6,060 3,785 2,280 0 0 0 99,360 57,560 41,800 0 0 0 15,160 9,515 5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,365 995 375 0 0 0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0 0 0 3,170 2,270 900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 153,375 127,040 26,335 30 30 0 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 75 65 10 866,885 778,835 88,060
04. Architecture and related services 11,945 6,400 5,550 0 0 0 135,020 81,930 53,090 0 0 0 33,975 19,075 14,895
14. Engineering 67,700 52,785 14,915 10 10 0 900,475 723,080 177,395 20 10 0 181,290 147,120 34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,350 20,890 3,460 10 10 0 726,155 638,355 87,800 20 20 0 161,440 141,185 20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 580 190 390 0 0 0 180 65 115
46. Construction trades 19,805 18,840 970 0 0 0 703,905 683,060 20,845 10 10 0 189,550 182,910 6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 18,350 17,680 675 0 0 0 659,480 640,895 18,590 10 10 0 179,610 173,605 6,010
48. Precision production 11,150 10,425 725 0 0 0 380,505 363,710 16,795 0 0 0 120,835 114,865 5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,155 5,040 5,115 0 0 0 407,545 234,360 173,175 0 0 0 99,230 60,010 39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,670 3,340 3,330 0 0 0 262,580 140,520 122,070 0 0 0 64,510 34,415 30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,490 1,700 1,785 0 0 0 144,960 93,845 51,115 0 0 0 34,715 25,595 9,125
Health and related fields 106,500 26,315 80,185 10 0 10 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 30 0 30 515,215 101,455 413,760
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 6,050 3,110 2,945 0 0 0 180,785 89,005 91,780 0 0 0 29,140 14,930 14,215
51. Health professions and related programs178 95,775 20,920 74,855 10 0 10 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 30 0 30 470,150 78,875 391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 170 75 100 0 0 0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0 0 0 845 270 575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 4,505 2,215 2,290 0 0 0 64,030 34,630 29,400 0 0 0 15,080 7,385 7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services 38,585 20,835 17,750 0 0 0 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 25 10 10 291,295 157,925 133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 24,500 9,050 15,445 0 0 0 548,520 151,115 397,410 10 0 10 154,335 42,710 111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 3,965 3,520 445 0 0 0 355 320 35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 160 160 0 0 0 0 6,900 6,210 690 0 0 0 1,450 1,300 145
43. Security and protective services 6,385 4,920 1,465 0 0 0 227,835 160,930 66,905 0 0 0 57,625 43,715 13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving 7,525 6,685 840 0 0 0 219,205 199,190 20,010 10 10 0 77,545 69,880 7,660
Other179 165 45 120 0 0 0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0 0 0 1,280 370 905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 981,205 492,180 489,025 215 105 110 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 455 245 205 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 243,690 132,500 111,190 55 30 25 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 140 80 60 1,278,015 691,975 586,035
Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 20 0 20 742,175 158,185 583,990 10 0 10 195,595 39,630 155,965
13. Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 20 0 20 742,175 158,185 583,990 10 0 10 195,595 39,630 155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 50,935 25,035 25,900 0 0 0 490,455 210,500 279,955 25 10 15 129,065 58,170 70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 6,360 4,440 1,920 0 0 0 54,645 38,170 16,475 0 0 0 18,205 12,610 5,590
50. Visual and performing arts 44,575 20,595 23,980 0 0 0 435,815 172,330 263,480 20 10 10 110,860 45,555 65,305
Humanities 46,970 18,990 27,980 10 0 10 649,695 241,235 408,465 15 0 10 144,140 56,410 87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 10,150 2,655 7,500 0 0 0 79,235 16,400 62,835 0 0 0 26,015 5,955 20,065
23. English language and literature/letters 5,430 1,810 3,620 0 0 0 134,815 37,610 97,210 0 0 0 10,825 3,320 7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 14,680 6,710 7,965 0 0 0 216,725 80,505 136,220 10 0 0 61,125 26,395 34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 530 180 345 0 0 0 12,910 4,540 8,370 0 0 0 1,415 485 930
38. Philosophy and religious studies 3,255 1,965 1,290 10 0 10 41,640 23,645 17,990 0 0 0 7,300 4,485 2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,090 765 325 0 0 0 48,920 29,245 19,675 0 0 0 4,765 3,040 1,725
54. History 4,355 2,340 2,015 0 0 0 78,415 40,800 37,615 0 0 0 12,190 6,880 5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 7,470 2,560 4,910 0 0 0 37,045 8,490 28,555 0 0 0 20,500 5,850 14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law 106,455 38,085 68,370 20 15 0 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 35 15 20 334,475 103,635 230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,550 480 1,065 0 0 0 23,895 5,520 18,370 0 0 0 3,905 1,180 2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 18,665 6,420 12,245 0 0 0 196,475 72,125 124,350 0 0 0 47,510 15,360 32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 12,815 1,340 11,475 0 0 0 270,970 20,095 250,875 0 0 0 64,690 4,665 60,025
22. Legal professions and studies 19,485 7,385 12,100 0 0 0 261,265 82,850 178,420 0 0 0 59,965 20,645 39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 2,760 840 1,925 0 0 0 37,830 12,160 25,670 0 0 0 8,380 2,320 6,060
42. Psychology 13,520 3,205 10,310 0 0 0 249,205 55,840 193,365 0 0 0 48,920 10,080 38,835
45. Social sciences 37,670 18,415 19,255 20 15 0 549,090 254,250 294,840 10 0 0 101,105 49,385 51,720
Business, management and public administration 173,115 76,040 97,075 45 10 35 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 85 45 40 741,390 268,705 472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science 165 90 65 0 0 0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0 0 0 545 245 300
44. Public administration and social service professions 8,055 2,070 5,980 0 0 0 213,140 40,230 172,910 0 0 0 43,070 8,735 34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 164,900 73,875 91,030 40 10 30 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 80 45 35 697,775 259,725 438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies 32,990 16,980 16,010 10 0 0 513,555 241,780 271,785 15 10 0 102,055 53,195 48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 16,185 6,735 9,450 0 0 0 227,460 90,390 137,075 0 0 0 46,430 18,895 27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 3,955 2,115 1,840 0 0 0 108,350 48,075 60,280 0 0 0 13,010 7,225 5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,310 725 585 0 0 0 14,270 5,690 8,580 0 0 0 5,205 3,155 2,050
40. Physical sciences 10,390 6,710 3,680 0 0 0 140,510 88,540 51,970 0 0 0 31,410 20,760 10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,150 700 450 0 0 0 22,960 9,090 13,870 0 0 0 6,010 3,155 2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 48,495 34,620 13,875 20 10 10 667,305 445,970 221,330 15 10 0 147,350 104,880 42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 40,770 30,640 10,130 15 0 0 554,185 392,835 161,350 15 10 0 126,845 95,720 31,120
25. Library science 2,310 595 1,715 0 0 0 27,610 4,720 22,885 0 0 0 7,990 1,480 6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics 4,525 2,760 1,765 0 0 0 70,940 39,000 31,940 0 0 0 10,365 6,250 4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 890 625 265 0 0 0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0 0 0 2,145 1,435 710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 123,175 100,630 22,545 20 20 0 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 65 60 10 665,365 588,950 76,415
04. Architecture and related services 10,010 5,255 4,750 0 0 0 105,845 61,230 44,605 0 0 0 27,250 14,670 12,580
14. Engineering 57,935 44,795 13,135 10 10 0 724,235 568,385 155,850 15 10 0 152,450 121,715 30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 18,540 15,920 2,620 10 10 0 536,600 464,510 72,090 20 20 0 121,270 104,235 17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 510 160 350 0 0 0 170 65 105
46. Construction trades 15,040 14,235 805 0 0 0 510,105 493,000 17,100 10 10 0 142,000 136,435 5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 13,695 13,120 575 0 0 0 467,225 452,385 14,840 10 10 0 133,660 128,555 5,100
48. Precision production 7,890 7,285 605 0 0 0 266,690 253,110 13,585 0 0 0 88,560 83,270 5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,675 4,150 4,525 0 0 0 314,120 170,440 143,680 0 0 0 79,190 45,870 33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,650 2,705 2,950 0 0 0 199,335 99,700 99,635 0 0 0 51,620 26,290 25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,020 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0 0 0 27,565 19,580 7,985
Health and related fields 82,510 20,560 61,950 10 0 0 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 20 0 20 387,725 74,730 312,995
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 4,900 2,500 2,395 0 0 0 139,280 67,885 71,385 0 0 0 22,615 11,045 11,565
51. Health professions and related programs178 73,950 16,430 57,525 10 0 0 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 20 0 20 352,905 58,735 294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 145 50 95 0 0 0 4,430 945 3,485 0 0 0 730 180 550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 3,510 1,570 1,940 0 0 0 48,115 23,255 24,860 0 0 0 11,475 4,765 6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services 30,275 16,455 13,825 0 0 0 772,450 399,835 372,615 25 10 10 229,120 122,320 106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 19,020 6,985 12,035 0 0 0 414,520 112,935 301,590 10 0 10 120,395 31,320 89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 2,955 2,575 375 0 0 0 280 250 30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 95 95 0 0 0 0 3,850 3,415 435 0 0 0 900 770 125
43. Security and protective services 5,050 3,915 1,135 0 0 0 183,025 128,295 54,725 0 0 0 45,820 34,595 11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving 6,095 5,435 655 0 0 0 168,105 152,620 15,485 10 10 0 61,730 55,385 6,340
Other179 135 30 105 0 0 0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0 0 0 1,040 290 750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 981,205 492,180 489,025 215 105 110 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 455 245 205 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 243,690 132,500 111,190 55 30 25 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 140 80 60 1,278,015 691,975 586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 737,515 359,685 377,835 160 75 80 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 320 170 150 3,156,515 1,516,785 1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada 529,195 254,400 274,795 120 50 65 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 205 120 90 2,742,030 1,307,625 1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence 503,230 241,010 262,225 120 50 65 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 195 115 80 2,625,165 1,249,755 1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence 25,965 13,390 12,570 0 0 0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 10 0 10 116,855 57,870 58,990
Location of study outside Canada182 208,320 105,280 103,040 45 20 20 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 115 50 60 414,490 209,160 205,330
Americas 36,730 18,600 18,130 20 10 10 483,810 238,040 245,775 0 0 0 81,780 40,955 40,820
United States of America 10,760 6,075 4,690 0 0 0 279,005 143,575 135,435 0 0 0 22,720 12,785 9,930
Mexico 4,800 2,245 2,555 0 0 0 36,400 16,175 20,230 0 0 0 9,685 4,330 5,350
Cuba 1,340 685 660 0 0 0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0 0 0 3,325 1,770 1,555
Haiti 5,065 2,775 2,295 0 0 0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0 0 0 9,100 4,860 4,245
Jamaica 110 70 45 0 0 0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0 0 0 215 125 95
Brazil 3,765 1,800 1,960 0 0 0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0 0 0 8,640 4,105 4,540
Colombia 3,560 1,695 1,870 0 0 0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0 0 0 11,880 5,550 6,340
Peru 1,375 580 795 0 0 0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0 0 0 3,210 1,335 1,875
Venezuela95 1,680 680 995 0 0 0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0 0 0 3,615 1,525 2,090
Other locations of study in Americas 4,265 1,995 2,270 0 0 0 45,000 21,575 23,425 0 0 0 9,395 4,580 4,815
Europe 68,060 36,130 31,930 0 0 0 543,725 281,205 262,520 15 0 10 138,260 74,045 64,210
Belgium 1,775 910 865 0 0 0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0 0 0 4,415 2,385 2,030
France 41,640 22,775 18,860 0 0 0 97,770 53,930 43,840 0 0 0 77,225 43,085 34,135
Germany 1,035 560 475 0 0 0 22,450 12,070 10,380 0 0 0 2,410 1,335 1,070
Netherlands 465 260 205 0 0 0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0 0 0 935 530 415
Switzerland 965 570 400 0 0 0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0 0 0 2,520 1,425 1,090
Hungary 195 105 95 0 0 0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0 0 0 370 190 180
Moldova183 1,825 870 955 0 0 0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0 0 0 5,245 2,500 2,750
Poland 815 285 530 0 0 0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0 0 0 1,700 620 1,080
Romania 3,250 1,665 1,585 0 0 0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0 0 0 10,370 5,330 5,040
Russian Federation 2,410 1,105 1,305 0 0 0 36,095 16,250 19,845 0 0 0 5,330 2,420 2,905
Ukraine 2,045 895 1,150 0 0 0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0 0 0 4,615 2,105 2,510
Ireland96 285 190 95 0 0 0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0 0 0 465 290 175
United Kingdom87 4,680 2,520 2,160 0 0 0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0 0 0 8,955 4,885 4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 75 55 0 0 0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0 0 0 715 360 360
Italy 1,325 760 565 0 0 0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0 0 0 2,330 1,345 985
Serbia86 115 40 75 0 0 0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0 0 0 345 155 180
Other locations of study in Europe 5,105 2,535 2,570 0 0 0 60,615 30,055 30,560 0 0 0 10,325 5,080 5,245
Africa 48,445 25,700 22,745 10 10 0 216,815 111,010 105,805 70 45 25 95,260 49,800 45,460
Nigeria 1,230 655 575 0 0 0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0 0 0 1,835 955 880
Algeria 19,210 9,980 9,230 0 0 0 33,230 17,020 16,210 0 0 0 30,560 15,715 14,850
Morocco 9,515 4,945 4,575 0 0 0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0 0 0 19,240 9,910 9,330
Tunisia 4,555 2,570 1,990 0 0 0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0 0 0 10,865 6,135 4,730
Egypt 3,025 1,615 1,410 0 0 0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0 0 0 6,245 3,170 3,075
South Africa, Republic of 250 110 145 0 0 0 19,060 9,900 9,160 0 0 0 585 290 295
Other locations of study in Africa 10,660 5,840 4,825 0 0 0 64,700 33,325 31,385 55 35 20 25,925 13,620 12,310
Asia 53,780 24,120 29,655 0 0 0 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 25 0 20 96,865 43,055 53,805
Iran88 5,230 2,440 2,790 0 0 0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0 0 0 9,440 4,365 5,075
Iraq 330 180 150 0 0 0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0 0 0 795 380 415
Israel 520 285 235 0 0 0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0 0 0 1,315 650 665
Lebanon 4,185 2,105 2,075 0 0 0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0 0 0 9,840 4,795 5,050
Syria89 3,120 1,480 1,640 0 0 0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0 0 0 5,960 2,795 3,165
Turkey 695 400 295 0 0 0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0 0 0 1,210 685 525
China90 9,950 4,420 5,540 0 0 0 201,100 87,370 113,720 0 0 0 20,740 9,165 11,570
Taiwan 365 150 220 0 0 0 14,520 4,750 9,770 0 0 0 665 235 430
Hong Kong91 230 110 120 0 0 0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0 0 0 405 170 235
Japan 800 300 500 0 0 0 18,605 5,280 13,325 0 0 0 1,395 435 955
Korea, South92 1,265 435 825 0 0 0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0 0 0 2,275 820 1,450
Philippines 8,890 2,860 6,030 0 0 0 305,795 115,370 190,420 0 0 0 14,170 4,975 9,195
Viet Nam 1,125 415 710 0 0 0 12,500 4,490 8,005 10 0 10 1,730 590 1,135
Bangladesh 2,020 1,065 955 0 0 0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0 0 0 2,530 1,315 1,215
Sri Lanka 645 240 410 0 0 0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0 0 0 970 410 565
India 9,500 4,925 4,575 0 0 0 405,850 199,380 206,475 0 0 0 13,730 6,885 6,845
Pakistan 1,165 575 590 0 0 0 75,155 35,055 40,100 0 0 0 2,210 1,080 1,125
Other locations of study in Asia 3,745 1,750 1,995 0 0 0 64,385 28,650 35,735 0 0 0 7,490 3,285 4,205
Oceania 1,305 730 575 0 0 0 47,960 24,495 23,460 0 0 0 2,325 1,300 1,025
Australia 1,095 610 490 0 0 0 38,525 19,270 19,250 0 0 0 1,795 1,010 785
New Zealand 165 100 70 0 0 0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0 0 0 400 215 185
Other locations of study in Oceania 50 25 20 0 0 0 1,655 930 730 0 0 0 130 75 55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 315 160 155 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 650 325 330 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
In the labour force 959,135 498,125 461,010 200 110 95 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 460 225 230 4,435,465 2,302,595 2,132,870
Employed 859,920 445,255 414,665 195 105 90 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 420 200 220 4,100,450 2,126,350 1,974,095
Unemployed 99,210 52,870 46,345 0 0 0 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 40 25 15 335,015 176,245 158,775
Not in the labour force 494,165 215,620 278,540 115 50 65 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 190 95 95 2,483,265 1,111,920 1,371,340
Participation rate 66.0 69.8 62.3 63.5 68.8 61.3 63.7 67.7 59.8 70.8 69.2 69.7 64.1 67.4 60.9
Employment rate 59.2 62.4 56.1 61.9 65.6 58.1 57.1 60.9 53.4 64.6 61.5 66.7 59.3 62.3 56.3
Unemployment rate 10.3 10.6 10.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.3 9.9 10.7 8.7 11.1 6.5 7.6 7.7 7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 320 160 155 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 650 320 325 6,918,725 3,414,515 3,504,215
Did not work186 508,670 222,700 285,970 115 60 60 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 210 105 105 2,442,685 1,085,560 1,357,125
Worked 944,630 491,050 453,580 205 105 100 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 445 225 220 4,476,045 2,328,960 2,147,085
Worked full year full time187 464,805 252,405 212,400 155 85 70 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 200 115 85 2,360,025 1,281,245 1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time188 479,820 238,645 241,180 50 20 25 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 245 105 135 2,116,020 1,047,710 1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.7 40.1 39.2 48.8 50.4 46.8 41.0 41.7 40.3 38.5 39.2 37.8 41.3 41.7 40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 959,130 498,125 461,010 205 110 95 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 460 230 230 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 15 0 10 90,550 43,585 46,970
All classes of workers191 930,570 484,150 446,425 195 105 90 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 445 225 225 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905
Employee 811,850 411,090 400,750 190 100 90 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 415 200 215 3,814,195 1,934,455 1,879,740
Permanent position 661,995 340,865 321,135 175 95 75 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 330 165 170 3,190,685 1,637,795 1,552,885
Temporary position 149,850 70,230 79,620 15 0 15 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 85 40 50 623,510 296,655 326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more) 63,645 28,710 34,935 15 0 15 867,740 386,965 480,775 45 10 35 217,905 94,210 123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 86,205 41,520 44,685 0 0 0 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 45 30 15 405,605 202,450 203,155
Self-employed192 118,725 73,050 45,670 0 0 0 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 30 20 10 530,720 324,555 206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 959,130 498,125 461,010 205 110 95 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 460 230 230 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 15 0 10 90,550 43,585 46,970
All occupations191 930,570 484,150 446,425 195 105 90 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 445 225 225 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 14,540 10,000 4,545 0 0 0 254,760 177,450 77,315 0 0 0 79,745 57,370 22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 180,355 69,570 110,785 40 15 20 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 65 35 35 778,905 256,150 522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 101,555 76,005 25,555 30 20 10 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 30 25 0 360,495 272,510 87,985
3 Health occupations 75,605 18,730 56,870 20 0 10 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 35 0 30 359,665 70,075 289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 124,755 41,025 83,730 40 0 35 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 35 15 20 558,725 166,020 392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 56,870 29,555 27,310 10 0 0 596,785 275,420 321,360 10 0 10 146,560 72,400 74,165
6 Sales and service occupations 234,485 120,480 114,005 25 20 10 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 180 70 110 1,064,155 499,825 564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 98,535 89,140 9,395 25 25 0 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 55 55 0 702,290 645,355 56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,025 3,855 1,170 0 0 0 541,235 416,960 124,270 0 0 0 86,625 68,885 17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 38,850 25,795 13,060 10 0 0 857,540 612,415 245,120 30 20 10 207,740 150,405 57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 959,130 498,125 461,010 205 110 95 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 460 230 230 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870
Industry - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 0 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 15 0 10 90,550 43,585 46,970
All industries191 930,570 484,150 446,425 195 105 90 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 445 225 225 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,920 1,730 1,185 0 0 0 434,800 295,160 139,640 0 0 0 79,050 55,055 23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 1,195 805 390 0 0 0 239,030 195,605 43,425 0 0 0 24,890 21,200 3,695
22 Utilities 5,150 3,245 1,905 0 0 0 147,750 109,475 38,270 0 0 0 31,005 22,680 8,330
23 Construction 33,445 28,300 5,150 0 0 0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 15 15 0 296,035 254,795 41,240
31-33 Manufacturing 76,115 51,395 24,725 20 15 0 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 40 35 0 449,115 320,715 128,405
41 Wholesale trade 33,845 20,380 13,470 0 0 0 610,295 406,960 203,335 25 15 10 147,340 96,670 50,670
44-45 Retail trade 98,705 49,745 48,960 20 10 10 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 35 10 25 514,090 248,905 265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 49,075 38,320 10,755 10 10 0 981,030 742,515 238,515 40 30 10 209,445 161,115 48,330
51 Information and cultural industries 40,020 24,295 15,730 0 0 0 400,460 237,940 162,520 15 10 0 94,130 57,495 36,630
52 Finance and insurance 47,065 23,830 23,235 15 15 0 815,225 358,145 457,080 15 0 15 169,985 74,020 95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 16,780 9,730 7,045 15 10 0 343,940 186,230 157,710 10 0 10 63,030 35,450 27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 113,755 65,950 47,800 10 10 0 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 35 15 15 345,345 193,365 151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises 1,720 850 875 0 0 0 45,455 21,495 23,955 0 0 0 5,605 2,675 2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 45,325 27,460 17,860 0 0 0 792,600 457,880 334,725 40 20 15 171,345 104,695 66,645
61 Educational services 84,380 31,030 53,350 50 10 40 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 25 15 15 340,885 104,300 236,590
62 Health care and social assistance 128,175 32,195 95,980 25 0 15 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 55 10 50 617,200 122,675 494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20,970 10,860 10,105 0 0 0 350,710 180,205 170,500 0 0 0 72,700 38,810 33,890
72 Accommodation and food services 53,745 29,185 24,555 0 0 0 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 65 20 40 232,480 109,950 122,530
81 Other services (except public administration) 39,595 16,105 23,490 0 0 0 797,935 373,775 424,165 20 0 15 190,470 89,730 100,735
91 Public administration 38,595 18,740 19,850 10 0 0 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 15 10 0 290,765 144,705 146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 205 105 100 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 480 245 240 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785
English 161,015 89,010 72,005 0 0 0 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 95 20 70 350,525 195,385 155,145
French 399,340 197,680 201,660 145 60 85 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 250 155 100 3,032,290 1,536,735 1,495,555
Non-official language 7,340 3,600 3,735 0 0 0 169,205 89,515 79,685 0 0 0 18,820 10,150 8,670
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0 0 0 4,175 2,195 1,975
Non-Indigenous 7,330 3,600 3,725 0 0 0 162,265 85,925 76,345 0 0 0 14,650 7,955 6,690
English and French 405,305 214,915 190,385 60 45 15 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 135 65 65 1,245,535 671,300 574,230
English and non-official language(s) 10,790 6,090 4,695 0 0 0 570,220 291,000 279,220 0 0 0 25,875 13,895 11,980
French and non-official language(s) 7,145 3,405 3,745 0 0 0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0 0 0 20,370 9,725 10,645
English, French and non-official language(s) 25,465 12,730 12,735 0 0 0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0 0 0 52,970 26,700 26,265
Multiple non-official languages 420 260 160 0 0 0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0 0 0 725 435 290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 205 105 100 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 480 245 240 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785
Single responses 908,980 471,095 437,880 200 100 100 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 460 225 235 4,477,745 2,321,955 2,155,790
Official languages 895,835 464,520 431,315 200 100 100 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 460 225 235 4,441,500 2,302,830 2,138,665
English 286,010 155,790 130,215 15 0 15 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 120 25 90 668,485 365,785 302,695
French 609,825 308,725 301,095 180 100 85 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 335 195 145 3,773,015 1,937,050 1,835,965
Non-official languages 13,145 6,580 6,565 0 0 0 310,455 161,825 148,635 0 0 0 36,245 19,120 17,125
Indigenous languages39 20 0 20 0 0 0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0 0 0 10,220 5,140 5,080
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0 0 0 6,520 3,320 3,195
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0 0 0 6,480 3,310 3,170
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0 1,015 585 430
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0 0 0 3,730 1,925 1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0 110 65 40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0 760 375 385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 0 0 0 10 10 10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 0 0 0 20 15 10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0 0 0 2,830 1,465 1,370
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0 1,570 720 855
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0 155 80 80
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 0 0 0 20 10 10
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 0 0 0 20 10 10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 0 0 0 20 0 20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 20 0 20
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 340 355 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0 0 0 3,690 1,815 1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 15 0 15 0 0 0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0 0 0 3,690 1,815 1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 13,120 6,580 6,545 0 0 0 291,025 152,095 138,925 0 0 0 26,030 13,980 12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,295 720 575 0 0 0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0 0 0 2,465 1,385 1,075
Berber languages 20 15 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0 35 25 10
Kabyle 20 15 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0 30 20 10
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 185 235 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 155 210 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 1,275 710 570 0 0 0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0 0 0 2,425 1,365 1,060
Amharic 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 95 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arabic 1,190 670 520 0 0 0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0 0 0 2,235 1,290 945
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 325 130 0 0 0 10 0 10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 240 90 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 70 30 40 0 0 0 585 240 340 0 0 0 160 70 95
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,220 535 685 0 0 0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0 0 0 1,640 720 920
Khmer (Cambodian) 175 70 100 0 0 0 495 215 285 0 0 0 315 140 175
Vietnamese 1,045 460 585 0 0 0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0 0 0 1,325 585 745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0 0 0 150 70 75
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ilocano 10 10 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 0 0 0 10 10 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 90 50 45 0 0 0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0 0 0 120 55 65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 50 30 20 0 0 0 15 0 10
Creole languages 210 95 110 0 0 0 390 185 210 0 0 0 330 150 175
Haitian Creole 210 95 110 0 0 0 375 170 205 0 0 0 325 145 175
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 80 25 55 0 0 0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0 0 0 160 65 95
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 10 0 0 0 250 140 110 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tamil 75 25 45 0 0 0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0 0 0 150 65 85
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 6,260 3,210 3,055 0 0 0 112,395 64,055 48,335 0 0 0 13,485 7,750 5,735
Albanian 10 0 0 0 0 0 315 170 140 0 0 0 15 0 10
Armenian 80 60 25 0 0 0 530 295 235 0 0 0 310 200 115
Balto-Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0 0 0 1,025 395 625
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 15 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0 0 0 1,025 395 625
Bulgarian 15 0 15 0 0 0 145 55 90 0 0 0 55 20 30
Czech 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0 15 10 10
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 60 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polish 90 30 65 0 0 0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0 0 0 135 45 90
Russian 385 130 250 0 0 0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0 0 0 735 280 450
Serbo-Croatian 10 0 0 0 0 0 835 485 355 0 0 0 30 20 10
Bosnian 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 0 0 0 10 10 0
Serbian 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 245 0 0 0 20 10 10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 35 10 25 0 0 0 1,265 620 650 0 0 0 55 25 35
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 825 405 425 0 0 0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0 0 0 1,420 725 695
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
High German languages 790 385 405 0 0 0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0 0 0 1,345 680 665
German 95 65 35 0 0 0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0 0 0 300 175 125
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 0 0 0 35 20 20
Yiddish 695 325 375 0 0 0 1,050 520 530 0 0 0 1,000 485 520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0 0 0 35 25 10
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dutch 10 0 10 0 0 0 965 515 440 0 0 0 35 20 10
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 190 100 85 0 0 0 40 20 15
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 10 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0 15 0 10
Swedish 15 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0 15 10 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Greek 175 55 120 0 0 0 875 445 430 0 0 0 420 180 240
Indo-Iranian languages 1,695 935 755 0 0 0 55,455 32,965 22,490 0 0 0 2,550 1,410 1,135
Indo-Aryan languages 1,405 760 650 0 0 0 48,020 28,910 19,100 0 0 0 1,950 1,065 885
Bengali 85 25 55 0 0 0 645 290 355 0 0 0 115 40 70
Gujarati 20 0 20 0 0 0 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 35 10 20
Hindi 120 55 60 0 0 0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0 0 0 145 70 75
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nepali 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,080 615 465 0 0 0 40,840 25,480 15,365 0 0 0 1,480 855 625
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urdu 100 55 45 0 0 0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0 0 0 160 80 85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 10 0 0
Iranian languages 285 175 110 0 0 0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0 0 0 600 345 255
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 25 20 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 0 0 0 25 20 0
Persian languages 255 150 105 0 0 0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0 0 0 570 320 250
Dari 20 10 10 0 0 0 800 445 360 0 0 0 185 115 75
Iranian Persian 225 130 95 0 0 0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0 0 0 365 200 165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 10 0 0 0 0 595 400 195 0 0 0 25 15 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,925 1,575 1,355 0 0 0 30,795 17,685 13,105 0 0 0 7,725 4,830 2,890
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Italian 310 160 150 0 0 0 1,625 730 900 0 0 0 445 220 225
Portuguese 245 90 155 0 0 0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0 0 0 485 185 300
Romanian 80 50 30 0 0 0 680 375 310 0 0 0 230 135 95
Spanish 2,290 1,265 1,025 0 0 0 21,455 12,465 8,990 0 0 0 6,530 4,250 2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0 35 30 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 125 25 105 0 0 0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0 0 0 220 40 185
Korean 240 100 145 0 0 0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0 0 0 370 165 215
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 45 25 15 0 0 0 410 210 200 0 0 0 90 55 40
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0 15 10 0
Lingala 15 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0 15 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 10 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 10 10 0 0 0 0 150 95 55 0 0 0 35 30 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 10 0 10
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 10 0 10
Sign languages 85 30 55 0 0 0 2,010 795 1,210 0 0 0 325 125 195
American Sign Language 15 10 10 0 0 0 1,590 620 970 0 0 0 30 15 20
Quebec Sign Language 60 20 40 0 0 0 285 110 180 0 0 0 265 100 170
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 0 0 0 20 10 10
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 128,375 64,180 64,190 0 0 0 6,580 3,370 3,210
Chinese languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 128,045 63,990 64,055 0 0 0 6,580 3,370 3,210
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandarin 2,100 1,110 995 0 0 0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0 0 0 4,285 2,190 2,095
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 25 40 0 0 0 485 210 270 0 0 0 75 30 40
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,140 550 590 0 0 0 50,950 25,725 25,225 0 0 0 2,195 1,130 1,060
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 460 240 220 0 0 0 25 15 10
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 175 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
Burmese 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 765 310 450 0 0 0 50 15 35
Lao 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0 10 0 0
Thai 15 0 10 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0 40 10 30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 85 45 30 0 0 0 1,345 695 650 0 0 0 140 65 70
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkish 80 50 30 0 0 0 1,270 660 615 0 0 0 135 65 70
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 485 215 270 0 0 0 20 0 15
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 65 0 0 0 10 0 10
Hungarian 15 0 10 0 0 0 330 170 160 0 0 0 15 0 10
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple responses 107,830 56,590 51,240 10 10 0 453,880 231,205 222,675 25 20 0 269,365 142,370 126,995
English and French 99,075 52,050 47,030 10 10 0 321,975 163,305 158,675 25 20 0 249,945 132,640 117,300
English and non-official language(s) 3,105 1,760 1,350 0 0 0 115,955 60,210 55,745 0 0 0 7,150 3,800 3,355
French and non-official language(s) 2,345 1,085 1,255 0 0 0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0 0 0 6,010 2,675 3,335
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,255 1,680 1,575 0 0 0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0 0 0 6,165 3,215 2,950
Multiple non-official languages 45 10 35 0 0 0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0 0 0 90 30 60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 205 105 100 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 480 245 240 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785
None 667,690 342,985 324,705 150 65 85 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 370 190 175 3,655,520 1,876,935 1,778,585
English 201,200 106,725 94,480 40 40 0 902,625 474,755 427,875 90 45 45 720,960 391,075 329,885
French 115,950 61,585 54,365 15 0 15 589,755 288,955 300,800 25 0 20 302,145 161,340 140,805
Non-official language 14,925 7,790 7,135 0 0 0 331,375 168,035 163,335 0 0 0 32,245 16,505 15,745
Indigenous39 65 20 45 0 0 0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0 0 0 3,025 1,350 1,675
Non-Indigenous 14,860 7,770 7,095 0 0 0 313,185 160,295 152,885 0 0 0 29,220 15,155 14,065
English and French 1,155 540 610 0 0 0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0 0 0 2,520 1,270 1,250
English and non-official language(s) 8,605 4,110 4,490 0 0 0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0 0 0 19,400 9,340 10,060
French and non-official language(s) 5,480 2,970 2,510 0 0 0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0 0 0 11,070 6,110 4,970
English, French and non-official language(s) 165 85 80 0 0 0 360 210 150 0 0 0 280 160 125
Multiple non-official languages 1,645 895 745 0 0 0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0 0 0 2,965 1,605 1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 859,920 445,255 414,665 195 105 90 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 420 200 220 4,100,450 2,126,350 1,974,095
Worked at home 260,415 132,065 128,355 45 35 15 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 75 35 40 897,770 435,285 462,480
Worked outside Canada 2,775 1,725 1,045 0 0 0 58,335 40,295 18,035 0 0 0 8,355 5,980 2,380
No fixed workplace address 81,290 57,160 24,130 10 10 0 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 60 35 20 442,035 333,730 108,305
Usual place of work 515,440 254,310 261,130 135 55 75 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 285 125 155 2,752,285 1,351,360 1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 515,440 254,310 261,135 135 55 75 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 285 130 155 2,752,285 1,351,360 1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 413,515 195,935 217,580 120 50 70 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 260 115 145 1,475,055 685,340 789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 46,495 24,705 21,790 0 0 0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 15 15 0 419,210 203,335 215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 53,810 32,610 21,200 10 0 0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 20 0 10 823,150 442,385 380,765
Commute to a different province or territory 1,620 1,060 565 0 0 0 98,060 60,210 37,850 0 0 0 34,875 20,300 14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 596,730 311,465 285,265 145 65 80 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 345 165 180 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235
Car, truck or van 338,295 197,990 140,305 90 45 50 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 135 95 40 2,633,265 1,430,735 1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver 313,045 188,685 124,360 90 45 45 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 135 95 40 2,482,735 1,367,240 1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 25,245 9,300 15,940 0 0 0 844,155 343,100 501,050 0 0 0 150,535 63,495 87,040
Public transit 169,380 71,050 98,330 35 15 20 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 160 55 105 287,345 120,460 166,885
Walked 57,390 24,650 32,735 0 0 0 672,815 296,610 376,205 30 10 20 178,645 78,570 100,075
Bicycle 20,425 11,990 8,430 10 10 0 138,615 92,195 46,415 0 0 0 40,420 26,585 13,835
Other method 11,255 5,785 5,470 0 0 0 285,820 144,225 141,595 15 10 10 54,645 28,740 25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 596,730 311,465 285,265 145 65 80 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 345 165 180 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes 106,580 52,520 54,070 15 10 10 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 50 20 30 1,005,850 482,465 523,385
15 to 29 minutes 211,950 113,835 98,115 50 20 25 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 65 40 25 1,110,975 578,835 532,140
30 to 44 minutes 161,385 87,950 73,435 45 15 30 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 105 60 40 635,870 363,430 272,445
45 to 59 minutes 62,880 30,620 32,255 25 15 15 910,610 542,485 368,125 60 30 30 235,140 133,720 101,425
60 minutes and over 53,935 26,540 27,400 15 10 0 926,120 599,115 327,005 60 15 45 206,480 126,635 79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 596,730 311,465 285,265 145 65 80 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 345 165 180 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 35,870 26,330 9,540 25 25 0 938,820 701,960 236,865 15 15 0 241,420 189,270 52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 86,515 50,895 35,625 10 10 0 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 60 30 30 569,745 368,480 201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 147,765 69,890 77,880 50 10 40 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 80 45 40 935,640 441,465 494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 130,185 59,500 70,680 15 0 10 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 30 15 20 626,895 259,220 367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 93,190 44,255 48,935 20 0 20 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 50 10 40 330,930 142,495 188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 103,205 60,595 42,610 25 25 0 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 100 45 55 489,685 284,160 205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 321,810 164,440 157,375 75 40 35 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 105 55 50 1,677,585 859,745 817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 80,715 41,690 39,030 5 5 0 897,205 456,120 441,085 10 5 5 303,835 156,030 147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 241,095 122,750 118,345 70 35 35 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 95 50 45 1,373,745 703,720 670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 226,825 115,930 110,890 60 30 30 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 70 40 35 1,222,970 626,390 596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 60,615 31,295 29,320 5 5 0 682,190 346,420 335,770 5 0 5 230,080 118,075 112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 48,760 25,220 23,545 5 5 0 467,685 234,475 233,215 5 0 5 175,305 90,000 85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 11,855 6,080 5,775 0 0 0 214,500 111,950 102,550 0 0 0 54,775 28,070 26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 166,210 84,635 81,575 55 30 25 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 65 40 30 992,895 508,315 484,580

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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