Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
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Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
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Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
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Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
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Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
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Language spoken most often at home
Mother tongue
Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
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All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Montréal, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 24662899More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 24663140More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information:
Quebec
[Census division]
 Remove		 QuebecMore information:

[Province]
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Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,762,949 ... ... 524 ... ... 871 ... ... 2,004,265 ... ... 8,501,833 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,704,694 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1,942,044 ... ... 8,164,361 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 3.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3.2 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 878,542 ... ... 160 ... ... 337 ... ... 976,966 ... ... 4,050,164 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 816,338 ... ... 158 ... ... 319 ... ... 910,359 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,833.5 ... ... 2,187.9 ... ... 2,357.9 ... ... 4,022.3 ... ... 6.5 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 364.74 ... ... 0.24 ... ... 0.37 ... ... 498.29 ... ... 1,298,599.75 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,762,950 867,975 894,980 525 275 250 870 415 455 2,004,265 983,805 1,020,465 8,501,835 4,201,960 4,299,870
0 to 14 years 270,430 138,255 132,170 105 65 40 140 75 70 309,765 158,545 151,225 1,391,360 713,290 678,070
0 to 4 years 88,670 45,335 43,335 25 10 10 30 10 15 99,195 50,760 48,435 422,980 217,145 205,840
5 to 9 years 93,325 47,700 45,620 45 30 10 45 25 20 106,985 54,660 52,320 478,955 245,295 233,665
10 to 14 years 88,435 45,220 43,215 35 15 15 70 35 30 103,590 53,120 50,470 489,425 250,855 238,570
15 to 64 years 1,197,045 603,075 593,965 355 180 175 550 265 280 1,343,170 674,055 669,120 5,356,945 2,686,745 2,670,195
15 to 19 years 82,475 41,675 40,805 35 20 15 50 20 30 97,525 49,340 48,180 429,400 219,400 209,995
20 to 24 years 125,235 63,220 62,015 40 20 20 55 25 30 140,025 70,895 69,125 460,660 235,250 225,405
25 to 29 years 153,995 77,680 76,315 40 25 15 45 30 15 165,525 83,630 81,895 527,150 266,455 260,700
30 to 34 years 146,855 73,810 73,040 25 5 15 35 20 15 157,725 78,995 78,730 536,040 267,770 268,270
35 to 39 years 135,880 67,835 68,040 30 15 15 35 20 15 149,265 74,115 75,155 550,425 274,350 276,075
40 to 44 years 127,165 63,885 63,285 30 15 15 60 25 35 142,365 70,920 71,445 572,565 286,405 286,160
45 to 49 years 110,130 55,495 54,630 30 15 15 60 25 35 125,505 62,690 62,815 516,465 259,565 256,905
50 to 54 years 105,545 54,115 51,435 40 20 20 65 30 35 121,710 61,735 59,975 522,935 262,610 260,325
55 to 59 years 108,040 55,305 52,730 50 25 25 65 30 35 125,465 63,810 61,655 615,690 307,230 308,465
60 to 64 years 101,725 50,055 51,670 40 20 20 70 35 40 118,065 57,920 60,140 625,610 307,710 317,900
65 years and over 295,475 126,635 168,845 70 30 35 180 80 100 351,325 151,210 200,120 1,753,530 801,925 951,605
65 to 69 years 85,025 40,115 44,915 30 15 15 60 30 30 99,325 46,730 52,595 541,970 264,020 277,950
70 to 74 years 72,300 32,855 39,445 20 10 5 50 25 25 86,030 39,185 46,845 455,900 217,985 237,910
75 to 79 years 52,720 22,645 30,075 10 5 5 30 10 20 63,215 27,320 35,895 330,840 153,790 177,050
80 to 84 years 39,395 15,780 23,610 5 5 0 25 15 10 46,875 18,960 27,915 210,405 90,825 119,580
85 years and over 46,035 15,250 30,790 5 0 0 15 5 10 55,885 19,015 36,870 214,415 75,305 139,115
85 to 89 years 27,835 10,185 17,655 5 0 0 10 5 5 33,210 12,200 21,010 131,755 50,610 81,150
90 to 94 years 14,360 4,155 10,205 0 0 0 10 0 5 17,780 5,610 12,170 65,020 20,490 44,535
95 to 99 years 3,375 825 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,290 1,075 3,210 15,665 3,875 11,790
100 years and over 465 90 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 125 480 1,975 330 1,640
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.3 15.9 14.8 20.0 23.6 16.0 16.1 18.1 15.4 15.5 16.1 14.8 16.4 17.0 15.8
15 to 64 years 67.9 69.5 66.4 67.6 65.5 70.0 63.2 63.9 61.5 67.0 68.5 65.6 63.0 63.9 62.1
65 years and over 16.8 14.6 18.9 13.3 10.9 14.0 20.7 19.3 22.0 17.5 15.4 19.6 20.6 19.1 22.1
85 years and over 2.6 1.8 3.4 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 1.2 2.2 2.8 1.9 3.6 2.5 1.8 3.2
Average age of the population 40.6 39.5 41.7 38.7 37.2 40.4 43.6 42.4 44.6 41.0 39.8 42.1 42.8 41.8 43.7
Median age of the population 38.8 38.0 39.6 38.4 36.8 41.2 45.6 44.4 46.8 39.6 38.4 40.4 43.2 42.0 44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 816,340 ... ... 160 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Single-detached house 58,065 ... ... 95 ... ... 295 ... ... 100,615 ... ... 1,671,920 ... ...
Semi-detached house 25,740 ... ... 25 ... ... 10 ... ... 32,530 ... ... 199,080 ... ...
Row house 26,175 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,075 ... ... 98,625 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 107,565 ... ... 25 ... ... 5 ... ... 110,440 ... ... 271,245 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 464,420 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 479,885 ... ... 1,242,910 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 130,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 148,935 ... ... 225,745 ... ...
Other single-attached house 3,350 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 3,450 ... ... 15,745 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 415 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 430 ... ... 23,760 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 160 ... ... 315 ... ... 910,355 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
1 person 341,345 ... ... 30 ... ... 55 ... ... 367,400 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ...
2 persons 242,175 ... ... 35 ... ... 110 ... ... 271,730 ... ... 1,295,730 ... ...
3 persons 103,550 ... ... 25 ... ... 60 ... ... 118,205 ... ... 480,135 ... ...
4 persons 82,715 ... ... 40 ... ... 70 ... ... 98,205 ... ... 427,605 ... ...
5 or more persons 46,560 ... ... 30 ... ... 25 ... ... 54,820 ... ... 228,060 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,723,210 851,575 871,635 525 275 250 870 415 450 1,959,355 965,630 993,730 8,308,480 4,126,815 4,181,665
Average household size 2.1 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,492,520 729,715 762,810 420 215 210 730 345 385 1,694,500 825,260 869,235 7,110,470 3,488,670 3,621,805
Married or living common-law 705,905 356,290 349,615 225 110 115 465 230 230 822,440 414,330 408,115 3,967,915 1,986,770 1,981,145
Married 475,835 239,100 236,735 170 85 85 380 190 190 577,060 289,455 287,600 2,310,860 1,157,085 1,153,775
Living common-law 230,070 117,190 112,880 50 25 25 85 45 45 245,385 124,870 120,510 1,657,050 829,680 827,375
Living common law - Never married 196,170 99,370 96,795 35 15 20 60 30 30 207,040 104,785 102,250 1,345,765 671,000 674,765
Living common law - Separated 2,885 1,655 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,190 1,835 1,355 17,505 9,090 8,410
Living common law - Divorced 28,550 15,015 13,530 15 10 5 25 10 15 32,295 16,915 15,380 261,885 135,520 126,370
Living common law - Widowed 2,465 1,140 1,320 5 0 5 5 0 5 2,855 1,335 1,520 31,900 14,070 17,830
Not married and not living common-law 786,615 373,420 413,195 195 100 95 265 110 150 872,060 410,935 461,125 3,142,560 1,501,895 1,640,660
Not married and not living common law - Never married 572,045 304,055 267,990 145 80 65 195 100 95 627,845 333,150 294,700 2,161,975 1,166,840 995,135
Not married and not living common law - Separated 31,535 13,590 17,945 10 0 10 10 0 5 34,795 14,820 19,975 106,275 48,095 58,175
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 113,315 41,760 71,560 35 15 20 30 10 20 126,605 46,380 80,225 494,210 197,455 296,755
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 69,720 14,020 55,700 10 0 5 35 5 30 82,815 16,590 66,225 380,100 89,515 290,580
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 428,615 ... ... 135 ... ... 265 ... ... 495,445 ... ... 2,323,410 ... ...
2 persons 221,015 ... ... 50 ... ... 115 ... ... 251,075 ... ... 1,267,980 ... ...
3 persons 92,715 ... ... 30 ... ... 60 ... ... 107,265 ... ... 454,980 ... ...
4 persons 77,780 ... ... 30 ... ... 65 ... ... 93,300 ... ... 412,850 ... ...
5 or more persons 37,105 ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... 43,810 ... ... 187,600 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 2.8 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 428,610 ... ... 140 ... ... 265 ... ... 495,445 ... ... 2,323,410 ... ...
Total couple families 338,830 ... ... 110 ... ... 230 ... ... 395,645 ... ... 1,939,635 ... ...
Married couples 223,910 ... ... 85 ... ... 185 ... ... 273,070 ... ... 1,111,625 ... ...
With children6 133,435 ... ... 55 ... ... 115 ... ... 162,745 ... ... 502,020 ... ...
Without children 90,475 ... ... 25 ... ... 75 ... ... 110,325 ... ... 609,605 ... ...
Common-law couples 114,915 ... ... 25 ... ... 40 ... ... 122,570 ... ... 828,005 ... ...
With children6 41,490 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 44,875 ... ... 401,885 ... ...
Without children 73,430 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 77,700 ... ... 426,120 ... ...
Total one-parent families 89,785 ... ... 30 ... ... 30 ... ... 99,805 ... ... 383,775 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 72,595 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 80,530 ... ... 284,025 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 17,190 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 19,275 ... ... 99,755 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 525 275 250 870 415 450 1,959,355 965,630 993,730 8,308,480 4,126,815 4,181,665
Total - Persons in census families 1,231,380 602,840 628,545 455 235 225 785 385 400 1,432,990 702,710 730,275 6,557,095 3,256,260 3,300,835
Married spouses or common-law partners 677,655 341,670 335,985 215 110 110 460 230 230 791,280 398,495 392,785 3,879,265 1,941,175 1,938,090
Parents in one-parent families 89,785 17,190 72,595 30 5 25 35 5 25 99,805 19,275 80,525 383,780 99,755 284,020
Children6 463,940 243,975 219,965 210 120 90 290 150 145 541,905 284,935 256,965 2,294,055 1,215,335 1,078,720
In a two-parent family 329,670 172,390 157,285 155 85 75 240 130 115 392,250 205,155 187,095 1,708,235 897,930 810,305
In a one-parent family 134,270 71,585 62,680 50 35 15 55 25 30 149,655 79,785 69,865 585,820 317,400 268,415
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 491,830 248,740 243,090 70 40 30 85 30 55 526,370 262,915 263,450 1,751,380 870,550 880,825
Living alone 341,350 165,410 175,935 25 20 10 60 20 35 367,395 175,660 191,740 1,317,505 638,170 679,335
Living with other relatives7 45,070 20,400 24,670 40 20 15 15 5 10 49,280 22,020 27,255 165,070 74,060 91,005
Living with non-relatives only 105,415 62,925 42,485 5 0 0 10 10 5 109,690 65,235 44,455 268,810 158,325 110,485
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 155 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 394,155 ... ... 105 ... ... 240 ... ... 455,970 ... ... 2,165,490 ... ...
Couple-family households 317,105 ... ... 90 ... ... 220 ... ... 370,250 ... ... 1,834,095 ... ...
With children6 163,645 ... ... 60 ... ... 130 ... ... 194,165 ... ... 851,835 ... ...
Without children 153,460 ... ... 35 ... ... 90 ... ... 176,085 ... ... 982,260 ... ...
One-parent-family households 77,045 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 85,720 ... ... 331,395 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 11,240 ... ... 15 ... ... 5 ... ... 13,270 ... ... 50,790 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,730 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,960 ... ... 9,225 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 14,975 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 16,550 ... ... 66,750 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 52,900 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 55,210 ... ... 139,280 ... ...
One-person households 341,345 ... ... 25 ... ... 55 ... ... 367,395 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 420 210 210 730 345 385 1,650,115 807,375 842,735 6,918,720 3,414,440 3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,100 685,155 710,950 405 200 205 695 335 360 1,585,095 775,175 809,920 6,738,760 3,326,795 3,411,965
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 38,800 35,600 34,400 33,200 36,800 46,000 48,000 46,000 37,600 39,600 36,000 40,800 44,800 37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,475 685,330 711,145 405 200 205 695 335 360 1,585,510 775,375 810,135 6,740,755 3,327,835 3,412,920
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 33,200 34,400 32,400 32,000 30,800 32,800 39,600 40,800 39,600 34,000 35,200 32,800 36,400 39,200 33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,227,255 612,060 615,200 350 175 175 645 315 330 1,400,285 695,300 704,985 6,054,780 3,047,745 3,007,040
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,200 34,000 26,600 27,400 28,600 27,000 40,000 43,200 37,600 31,000 35,200 27,000 33,600 39,600 28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,021,705 527,390 494,315 310 155 160 505 255 250 1,155,055 594,975 560,080 4,874,570 2,537,900 2,336,665
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,400 35,200 29,400 30,200 32,000 29,800 40,400 45,600 36,800 32,800 36,000 29,600 36,000 40,400 31,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,175,325 551,265 624,060 350 165 185 550 235 310 1,324,675 616,720 707,960 5,596,585 2,627,215 2,969,370
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,700 9,500 11,900 12,000 11,300 12,100 11,700 11,000 12,100 10,800 9,600 12,000 11,500 10,200 12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 157,000 78,185 78,815 50 25 30 50 15 35 171,705 84,570 87,145 837,635 441,080 396,550
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,520 5,480 5,640 4,120 4,000 4,520 6,000 x 6,850 5,520 5,480 5,680 5,520 5,520 5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 472,820 247,320 225,500 155 85 70 200 95 105 529,640 276,110 253,530 1,971,440 1,039,220 932,220
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 8,200 10,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,000 6,500 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 450 220 230 735 350 380 1,650,130 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,365 685,790 710,575 430 205 225 700 345 350 1,585,295 775,790 809,505 6,738,410 3,326,975 3,411,440
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,120 55,450 45,000 42,800 45,200 40,400 60,100 71,600 48,800 53,250 60,050 46,760 51,160 57,550 44,960
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,760 685,970 710,790 430 205 225 700 345 350 1,585,735 776,005 809,740 6,740,360 3,328,000 3,412,360
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,680 43,560 37,880 36,800 38,400 35,200 43,900 48,000 39,800 42,520 46,280 38,960 41,840 45,760 38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,226,320 612,170 614,155 365 175 190 630 335 295 1,399,405 695,445 703,960 6,053,525 3,047,850 3,005,675
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,350 38,800 37,800 42,400 33,600 56,000 66,400 44,400 48,960 57,350 40,640 45,480 52,900 38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,021,715 527,765 493,950 330 155 175 520 280 235 1,155,055 595,500 559,555 4,874,615 2,538,865 2,335,755
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,120 51,700 40,200 38,600 42,000 35,600 50,200 62,000 36,000 48,760 55,650 41,480 46,240 51,950 40,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,174,640 550,810 623,830 385 170 215 545 245 295 1,323,550 616,015 707,535 5,593,790 2,625,895 2,967,900
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,020 10,830 13,080 11,440 10,600 12,100 12,720 11,300 13,800 12,040 10,900 13,040 12,410 11,500 13,220
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 156,980 78,065 78,920 40 20 20 50 20 30 171,360 84,435 86,925 837,180 441,665 395,515
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,800 6,070 7,510 4,800 5,200 4,500 10,400 4,500 14,000 6,840 6,065 7,590 7,040 6,380 7,780
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 471,875 247,465 224,410 155 75 80 240 120 120 528,305 276,300 252,005 1,966,120 1,039,080 927,040
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,130 9,180 9,080 8,400 9,200 7,800 10,000 10,000 10,000 9,110 9,140 9,070 8,130 7,910 8,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 445 220 230 730 350 380 1,650,135 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 452,020 244,470 207,545 175 90 85 245 150 100 514,340 278,505 235,830 2,305,655 1,246,645 1,059,005
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 61,600 55,200 52,000 58,800 46,000 54,400 68,000 48,400 60,000 63,600 56,000 58,400 62,800 53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,000 81,500 65,100 54,400 54,000 54,000 82,000 100,000 57,000 78,700 88,300 67,400 69,700 76,600 61,550
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 450,610 222,280 228,330 95 25 70 220 115 100 504,455 247,565 256,895 2,014,360 990,380 1,023,980
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,400 17,400 15,600 14,800 x 9,500 13,500 9,100 22,000 16,400 17,400 15,500 18,600 21,400 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,120 28,320 24,020 23,200 38,000 18,500 22,200 19,600 25,600 26,920 29,400 24,520 28,160 32,120 24,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 79.8 84.4 74.4 76.0 80.0 71.0 84.0 89.0 76.0 81.2 85.6 75.6 79.8 84.2 74.4
Employment income (%)19 67.4 71.8 62.1 70.0 72.0 68.0 62.0 71.0 49.0 66.8 71.0 61.3 65.4 68.8 61.0
Government transfers (%)20 20.2 15.7 25.5 24.0 19.6 28.4 16.4 11.2 24.0 18.9 14.4 24.4 20.1 15.8 25.6
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.3 0.3 2.4 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.9 6.5 7.4 8.1 8.0 8.4 6.2 5.1 7.6 6.4 5.9 7.0 5.4 4.8 6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 6.2 6.0 6.4 7.0 7.2 6.8 5.7 4.8 7.0 5.7 5.4 6.0 4.6 4.3 5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 420 215 210 730 345 385 1,650,115 807,380 842,740 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275
Without total income 57,180 28,440 28,735 15 5 10 40 10 25 65,020 32,205 32,820 179,955 87,650 92,310
With total income 1,396,100 685,155 710,945 405 205 200 695 330 360 1,585,095 775,175 809,915 6,738,765 3,326,800 3,411,970
Under $10,000 (including loss) 120,165 57,640 62,520 35 25 10 55 25 30 138,250 65,670 72,580 462,400 204,245 258,155
$10,000 to $19,999 179,185 83,775 95,410 60 25 40 60 30 35 200,450 93,060 107,390 809,375 334,315 475,065
$20,000 to $29,999 259,695 119,565 140,135 80 45 35 110 50 55 286,825 131,235 155,595 1,124,265 499,780 624,485
$30,000 to $39,999 194,585 93,585 101,000 50 25 30 80 35 45 215,455 102,705 112,755 896,520 414,070 482,445
$40,000 to $49,999 163,390 78,450 84,940 55 25 30 70 35 35 181,505 86,460 95,040 849,005 411,680 437,325
$50,000 to $59,999 123,115 58,355 64,755 40 15 25 60 25 35 138,185 64,805 73,380 687,020 345,720 341,305
$60,000 to $69,999 88,460 43,350 45,110 30 20 10 40 20 20 100,060 48,510 51,550 503,110 271,695 231,415
$70,000 to $79,999 64,815 33,230 31,590 20 10 5 45 20 25 74,165 37,625 36,540 367,455 208,475 158,980
$80,000 to $89,999 50,645 26,325 24,320 10 5 10 35 10 25 58,400 30,060 28,335 284,690 158,760 125,930
$90,000 to $99,999 36,060 19,280 16,785 10 0 5 20 10 10 42,240 22,360 19,875 198,140 112,355 85,780
$100,000 and over 115,980 71,595 44,385 20 15 5 125 80 50 149,555 92,680 56,875 556,780 365,700 191,080
$100,000 to $149,999 74,835 44,155 30,680 15 10 0 70 40 30 90,980 53,275 37,705 385,890 245,635 140,260
$150,000 and over 41,145 27,440 13,705 10 0 0 60 40 25 58,575 39,405 19,170 170,890 120,065 50,820
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 420 215 210 730 345 385 1,650,115 807,380 842,740 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275
Without after-tax income 56,805 28,265 28,535 15 5 10 40 10 25 64,605 32,005 32,605 177,960 86,610 91,355
With after-tax income 1,396,475 685,335 711,140 405 205 200 695 330 360 1,585,510 775,375 810,135 6,740,760 3,327,835 3,412,915
Under $10,000 (including loss) 124,825 59,490 65,335 35 25 15 65 30 30 144,275 67,955 76,320 495,035 214,000 281,030
$10,000 to $19,999 188,395 88,605 99,785 65 25 40 60 30 30 210,975 98,495 112,480 853,250 356,480 496,765
$20,000 to $29,999 303,115 142,120 161,000 85 50 30 120 60 65 334,395 155,845 178,545 1,316,685 592,685 723,995
$30,000 to $39,999 231,960 113,680 118,280 75 35 40 100 50 55 257,145 124,835 132,315 1,127,905 544,940 582,965
$40,000 to $49,999 183,475 88,390 95,090 55 20 35 80 35 45 204,980 97,805 107,175 994,235 505,970 488,265
$50,000 to $59,999 123,490 59,975 63,515 35 20 20 75 35 40 139,760 67,315 72,450 691,015 372,870 318,145
$60,000 to $69,999 81,775 41,055 40,725 25 5 15 45 15 25 93,705 46,700 47,005 459,665 251,490 208,170
$70,000 to $79,999 52,690 27,360 25,330 10 5 0 30 10 15 61,765 31,815 29,945 292,135 160,985 131,150
$80,000 to $89,999 32,505 18,175 14,325 10 0 10 20 15 10 38,975 21,640 17,335 174,905 104,610 70,295
$90,000 to $99,999 21,155 12,260 8,890 5 0 0 25 15 5 25,855 14,955 10,900 106,165 67,055 39,105
$100,000 and over 53,090 34,210 18,885 10 0 0 75 45 35 73,695 48,025 25,665 229,765 156,750 73,020
$100,000 to $124,999 25,835 15,730 10,105 10 0 0 40 20 25 33,165 20,265 12,905 119,125 78,615 40,515
$125,000 and over 27,260 18,485 8,775 0 0 0 40 25 15 40,530 27,765 12,760 110,635 78,130 32,505
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 420 215 210 730 345 385 1,650,115 807,380 842,740 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275
Without employment income 431,575 186,210 245,365 115 60 50 225 90 135 495,060 212,405 282,660 2,044,155 876,545 1,167,610
With employment income 1,021,705 527,385 494,320 310 150 155 505 255 250 1,155,055 594,980 560,080 4,874,565 2,537,900 2,336,665
Under $5,000 (including loss) 145,910 71,820 74,090 40 25 20 80 40 40 167,560 82,405 85,155 644,075 331,770 312,300
$5,000 to $9,999 99,605 47,595 52,010 35 15 15 45 20 20 111,575 52,975 58,595 401,185 180,585 220,595
$10,000 to $19,999 136,545 66,030 70,515 40 20 20 60 30 35 151,350 72,815 78,530 603,350 273,725 329,620
$20,000 to $29,999 105,255 51,415 53,840 35 15 20 30 10 25 116,030 56,295 59,730 495,105 228,670 266,435
$30,000 to $39,999 98,425 50,780 47,640 35 15 20 40 20 15 108,120 55,225 52,890 488,000 239,620 248,380
$40,000 to $49,999 94,645 47,585 47,065 35 15 25 45 15 25 104,250 51,950 52,300 485,845 242,230 243,610
$50,000 to $59,999 76,170 39,085 37,085 30 10 15 35 15 20 84,485 42,940 41,540 403,980 217,425 186,560
$60,000 to $69,999 59,460 31,825 27,635 15 15 5 20 10 5 66,190 35,045 31,145 320,700 184,770 135,935
$70,000 to $79,999 46,765 25,580 21,185 10 10 0 25 15 15 52,585 28,500 24,080 250,635 147,020 103,615
$80,000 to $89,999 40,295 21,350 18,945 15 5 10 25 5 15 46,000 24,150 21,850 218,100 120,085 98,020
$90,000 to $99,999 27,160 15,825 11,340 0 0 0 10 10 0 31,345 18,120 13,230 141,540 86,090 55,450
$100,000 and over 91,480 58,500 32,980 10 10 5 90 60 30 115,575 74,545 41,030 422,055 285,910 136,145
$100,000 to $124,999 40,345 24,630 15,710 5 5 0 25 15 10 47,525 28,870 18,655 205,085 133,500 71,585
$125,000 and over 51,135 33,870 17,270 10 0 0 65 40 25 68,050 45,675 22,375 216,965 152,410 64,555
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 420 210 210 730 345 385 1,650,115 807,375 842,735 6,918,720 3,414,440 3,504,275
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,225 663,385 691,840 390 190 195 680 320 355 1,538,580 750,495 788,085 6,612,685 3,260,635 3,352,050
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 35,600 31,200 32,000 32,000 32,000 47,200 50,400 43,600 34,000 36,400 31,800 38,400 43,200 34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,570 663,490 692,080 390 190 195 680 320 355 1,539,035 750,625 788,405 6,615,985 3,261,090 3,354,900
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,800 29,400 28,800 29,800 40,400 42,400 38,400 31,000 32,800 29,400 34,000 37,600 30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,196,380 596,375 600,005 345 175 175 645 310 335 1,366,580 678,230 688,350 5,956,320 3,000,865 2,955,455
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,400 35,200 27,800 29,400 32,400 28,200 39,600 47,600 36,800 32,000 36,000 28,200 34,800 40,400 29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,000,475 515,695 484,790 310 155 160 510 255 255 1,133,505 583,045 550,460 4,872,155 2,530,660 2,341,495
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 36,000 30,200 30,400 37,200 28,800 40,800 52,000 35,600 33,600 36,800 30,400 36,400 41,200 31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,066,120 490,855 575,265 315 140 165 490 205 280 1,199,280 547,540 651,735 5,078,320 2,330,945 2,747,375
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,280 2,660 7,150 5,320 4,320 7,600 5,520 3,920 7,250 4,440 2,760 7,300 7,800 5,640 9,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 104,820 51,840 52,980 40 20 20 40 20 20 114,940 56,080 58,855 727,165 390,255 336,910
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,080 4,640 5,640 5,440 x x 4,640 x x 5,120 4,600 5,760 5,000 4,760 5,280
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 450 220 230 735 350 380 1,650,130 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,285 663,595 691,695 415 195 220 680 330 355 1,538,450 750,620 787,830 6,612,430 3,260,240 3,352,190
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,600 52,150 41,320 39,600 44,000 36,000 61,700 81,600 43,000 50,000 57,050 43,280 48,600 55,500 41,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,700 663,725 691,975 415 195 220 680 330 355 1,538,920 750,780 788,145 6,615,755 3,260,690 3,355,065
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,760 40,880 34,720 33,600 36,400 31,200 46,100 59,000 34,000 39,800 43,800 35,920 39,600 44,000 35,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,195,295 596,055 599,245 365 170 190 630 320 315 1,365,190 677,795 687,395 5,954,375 3,000,415 2,953,960
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,600 38,600 37,400 43,600 31,800 61,000 79,500 42,000 49,080 57,750 40,560 45,920 53,800 37,920
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 999,875 515,515 484,355 320 150 170 520 265 255 1,132,415 582,685 549,730 4,871,600 2,530,795 2,340,805
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,040 51,800 39,920 39,000 45,000 33,600 54,600 70,500 37,600 48,720 55,750 41,240 46,240 52,450 39,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,066,040 490,710 575,335 325 150 180 465 200 260 1,198,940 547,060 651,880 5,076,255 2,328,310 2,747,945
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,160 6,610 9,490 8,640 7,000 10,000 7,800 7,700 7,900 8,250 6,740 9,510 9,450 8,430 10,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 104,790 51,525 53,260 45 30 0 15 15 0 114,595 55,675 58,915 727,815 390,880 336,935
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,380 5,970 8,740 6,000 5,200 ... 12,000 9,000 ... 7,510 5,990 8,940 7,020 5,975 8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 445 220 230 730 350 380 1,650,135 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 446,040 241,000 205,040 175 90 80 240 140 95 507,645 274,575 233,070 2,290,755 1,238,260 1,052,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 52,800 56,400 49,600 46,400 51,200 44,400 57,600 67,000 42,000 54,400 58,400 50,400 54,800 60,000 49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,700 75,300 58,700 52,800 54,000 51,000 85,000 108,000 51,000 72,500 82,100 61,050 65,400 72,900 56,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 411,950 203,780 208,170 100 25 70 200 105 100 462,020 227,495 234,530 1,894,930 934,230 960,695
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 21,600 23,200 20,400 14,100 x 11,800 19,000 21,200 19,000 21,800 23,200 20,400 23,600 27,200 21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 31,400 34,200 28,640 26,400 40,000 21,000 33,600 31,200 36,500 32,320 35,520 29,240 33,000 37,800 28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 86.2 90.6 80.8 83.0 88.0 77.0 91.0 94.0 86.0 87.2 91.4 81.8 85.0 89.2 79.8
Employment income (%) 72.8 77.2 67.6 76.5 80.0 73.0 67.5 71.0 62.0 71.8 75.8 66.6 70.0 73.4 66.0
Government transfers (%) 13.8 9.4 19.1 17.2 12.4 22.8 8.6 5.8 13.6 12.8 8.6 18.2 14.9 10.8 20.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.5 2.0 x 0.5 0.6 x 1.1 0.8 1.6 1.6 1.3 2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 816,335 ... ... 160 ... ... 315 ... ... 910,355 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 63,600 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 111,000 ... ... 66,000 ... ... 72,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 56,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 58,000 ... ... 63,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 341,345 ... ... 25 ... ... 55 ... ... 367,395 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,600 ... ... 46,400 ... ... 58,400 ... ... 38,000 ... ... 38,800 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 33,600 ... ... 42,000 ... ... 46,400 ... ... 34,000 ... ... 34,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 474,990 ... ... 135 ... ... 265 ... ... 542,960 ... ... 2,431,530 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 122,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 325 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,700 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 131,000 ... ... 92,700 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 69,600 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 95,600 ... ... 74,100 ... ... 75,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 341,250 ... ... 30 ... ... 45 ... ... 367,255 ... ... 1,317,070 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,400 ... ... 52,000 ... ... 62,000 ... ... 49,760 ... ... 47,680 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,760 ... ... 44,000 ... ... 48,000 ... ... 40,640 ... ... 39,640 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 475,105 ... ... 135 ... ... 275 ... ... 543,100 ... ... 2,431,965 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,600 ... ... 126,000 ... ... 143,000 ... ... 121,800 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 96,700 ... ... 94,500 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 816,335 ... ... 160 ... ... 315 ... ... 910,355 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Under $5,000 17,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 18,165 ... ... 35,920 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 9,785 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,335 ... ... 23,880 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 16,775 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 17,665 ... ... 52,080 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 24,425 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 25,730 ... ... 82,470 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 54,215 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 57,720 ... ... 218,185 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 38,420 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 41,160 ... ... 144,420 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 37,880 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 40,595 ... ... 143,285 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 38,590 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 41,545 ... ... 172,005 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 39,530 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 42,630 ... ... 174,790 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 37,970 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 40,980 ... ... 166,990 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 69,550 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 75,485 ... ... 310,880 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 62,125 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 67,695 ... ... 280,505 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 55,220 ... ... 5 ... ... 20 ... ... 60,495 ... ... 255,770 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,040 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 54,055 ... ... 235,235 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 41,220 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 45,830 ... ... 208,320 ... ...
$100,000 and over 224,580 ... ... 85 ... ... 180 ... ... 270,265 ... ... 1,244,285 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 76,005 ... ... 25 ... ... 50 ... ... 85,635 ... ... 414,805 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 48,680 ... ... 20 ... ... 35 ... ... 56,205 ... ... 282,590 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 51,900 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 62,095 ... ... 307,835 ... ...
$200,000 and over 47,995 ... ... 10 ... ... 65 ... ... 66,335 ... ... 239,060 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 816,335 ... ... 160 ... ... 315 ... ... 910,355 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Under $5,000 18,250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 19,710 ... ... 40,590 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,575 ... ... 24,960 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 17,050 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 17,965 ... ... 53,600 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 26,035 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 27,485 ... ... 87,695 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 59,285 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 63,030 ... ... 234,875 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 46,355 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 49,660 ... ... 177,135 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 45,485 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 48,815 ... ... 180,150 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 47,370 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 51,055 ... ... 213,760 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 46,995 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 50,890 ... ... 210,280 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 43,530 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 47,120 ... ... 193,530 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 78,470 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 85,490 ... ... 356,325 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 68,975 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 75,625 ... ... 322,530 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 59,285 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 65,530 ... ... 289,580 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,000 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 54,850 ... ... 254,885 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 39,955 ... ... 20 ... ... 25 ... ... 45,065 ... ... 216,370 ... ...
$100,000 and over 160,295 ... ... 65 ... ... 140 ... ... 197,490 ... ... 892,775 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 68,460 ... ... 25 ... ... 40 ... ... 78,870 ... ... 387,835 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 38,400 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 45,905 ... ... 225,830 ... ...
$150,000 and over 53,430 ... ... 15 ... ... 70 ... ... 72,715 ... ... 279,105 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 435,310 ... ... 130 ... ... 260 ... ... 501,830 ... ... 2,331,170 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.9 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 156,425 ... ... 35 ... ... 90 ... ... 179,195 ... ... 991,710 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 57,600 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 57,200 ... ... 81,000 ... ... 75,000 ... ... 72,500 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 175,465 ... ... 70 ... ... 135 ... ... 208,260 ... ... 907,765 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ... 130,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 128,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 86,340 ... ... 20 ... ... 30 ... ... 95,875 ... ... 368,845 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... 106,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 65,500 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,800 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ... 59,600 ... ... 61,600 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 446,765 228,335 218,420 30 20 10 70 25 40 477,085 240,895 236,195 1,586,315 796,490 789,825
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,400 33,600 42,000 42,800 x 47,600 41,600 54,000 34,400 34,800 34,000 36,800 39,200 34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 30,800 31,000 30,800 40,800 42,000 x 40,400 34,800 45,600 31,200 31,200 31,200 33,200 34,800 31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 435,360 ... ... 135 ... ... 275 ... ... 501,905 ... ... 2,330,645 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,400 ... ... 126,000 ... ... 142,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 92,800 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 103,000 ... ... 98,700 ... ... 95,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 156,545 ... ... 30 ... ... 100 ... ... 179,455 ... ... 992,110 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 109,200 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 116,700 ... ... 101,100 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,500 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 82,200 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 175,580 ... ... 80 ... ... 125 ... ... 208,375 ... ... 909,160 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 144,000 ... ... 132,000 ... ... 146,000 ... ... 157,200 ... ... 151,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,400 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 122,300 ... ... 121,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 86,035 ... ... 15 ... ... 40 ... ... 95,455 ... ... 367,155 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,300 ... ... 160,000 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 78,200 ... ... 78,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,100 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 67,100 ... ... 67,500 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 446,290 227,645 218,645 30 15 0 55 15 45 476,520 240,280 236,245 1,585,705 796,290 789,415
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,280 45,400 43,080 52,000 60,000 x 54,000 80,000 46,000 45,520 46,520 44,560 45,480 48,000 42,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,760 37,240 36,240 44,000 45,000 x 44,000 60,000 37,000 37,600 37,920 37,280 38,040 39,400 36,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,723,215 851,580 871,635 525 275 250 870 415 455 1,959,355 965,630 993,725 8,308,480 4,126,810 4,181,665
0 to 17 years 316,605 161,795 154,815 125 75 45 175 85 90 365,020 186,710 178,315 1,648,330 844,730 803,600
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,865 52,630 35 20 15 35 15 20 120,615 61,615 58,995 515,725 264,785 250,935
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,585 567,820 330 165 170 515 250 265 1,276,910 638,650 638,260 5,060,160 2,529,275 2,530,885
65 years and over 266,200 117,200 149,000 70 30 35 180 80 100 317,425 140,270 177,155 1,599,990 752,815 847,180
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 299,080 143,995 155,085 40 20 20 30 15 15 321,885 154,370 167,510 992,235 463,295 528,940
0 to 17 years 49,430 25,350 24,085 10 5 5 0 0 0 54,265 27,870 26,395 159,530 82,000 77,530
0 to 5 years 17,500 8,905 8,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,760 9,545 9,215 53,105 27,240 25,870
18 to 64 years 184,970 93,610 91,360 25 15 10 10 10 5 197,020 99,310 97,710 515,470 256,435 259,035
65 years and over 64,675 25,040 39,635 15 10 10 15 5 10 70,600 27,185 43,415 317,235 124,865 192,370
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 17.4 16.9 17.8 8.4 8.5 8.0 3.4 3.6 3.2 16.4 16.0 16.9 11.9 11.2 12.7
0 to 17 years (%) 15.6 15.7 15.6 6.0 x x 2.5 x x 14.9 14.9 14.8 9.7 9.7 9.7
0 to 5 years (%) 16.3 16.2 16.3 x x x x x x 15.6 15.5 15.6 10.3 10.3 10.3
18 to 64 years (%) 16.2 16.3 16.1 6.4 7.0 6.0 2.4 2.5 2.5 15.4 15.6 15.3 10.2 10.1 10.2
65 years and over (%) 24.3 21.4 26.6 24.0 20.0 25.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 22.2 19.4 24.5 19.8 16.6 22.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 525 275 250 870 420 450 1,959,355 965,625 993,730 8,268,130 4,106,780 4,161,350
0 to 17 years 316,610 161,790 154,815 120 75 45 180 90 85 365,025 186,705 178,315 1,634,715 837,715 797,005
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,870 52,635 40 25 10 30 15 20 120,610 61,615 58,995 511,400 262,535 248,860
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,580 567,825 335 170 170 510 250 265 1,276,910 638,655 638,260 5,037,010 2,517,975 2,519,035
65 years and over 266,195 117,200 148,995 65 35 35 180 80 105 317,425 140,265 177,155 1,596,400 751,095 845,310
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 199,665 102,220 97,440 30 15 10 25 10 10 213,720 108,905 104,815 439,850 223,055 216,795
0 to 17 years 26,605 13,610 12,995 10 5 5 5 5 0 29,585 15,165 14,425 61,665 31,610 30,060
0 to 5 years 9,255 4,715 4,540 5 5 0 0 0 0 9,970 5,080 4,890 19,815 10,190 9,630
18 to 64 years 144,765 77,525 67,235 15 10 5 15 10 5 153,385 81,765 71,620 313,970 167,015 146,955
65 years and over 28,295 11,090 17,205 0 0 0 5 0 5 30,745 11,975 18,775 64,210 24,430 39,780
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 11.6 12.0 11.2 4.8 5.0 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.8 10.9 11.3 10.6 5.3 5.4 5.2
0 to 17 years (%) 8.4 8.4 8.4 6.0 x x x x x 8.1 8.1 8.1 3.8 3.8 3.8
0 to 5 years (%) 8.6 8.6 8.6 x x x x x x 8.3 8.3 8.3 3.9 3.9 3.9
18 to 64 years (%) 12.7 13.5 11.8 5.0 5.0 5.0 2.8 4.0 2.5 12.0 12.8 11.2 6.2 6.6 5.8
65 years and over (%) 10.6 9.5 11.6 x x x 4.0 x 6.0 9.7 8.5 10.6 4.0 3.3 4.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,723,215 851,575 871,635 525 275 250 870 415 455 1,959,355 965,630 993,730 8,308,480 4,126,810 4,181,665
In bottom half of the distribution 1,097,735 535,190 562,545 280 145 130 325 160 170 1,196,770 581,490 615,280 4,667,030 2,270,130 2,396,895
In bottom decile 278,660 138,645 140,020 35 20 15 30 10 15 298,540 147,890 150,655 851,840 407,705 444,140
In second decile 226,095 107,680 118,415 30 15 15 65 30 30 244,435 115,985 128,450 920,490 434,730 485,760
In third decile 221,215 107,370 113,845 50 20 25 75 40 35 240,895 116,550 124,345 969,255 471,650 497,600
In fourth decile 197,520 96,110 101,415 75 40 35 65 25 35 218,125 105,885 112,240 978,345 482,760 495,590
In fifth decile 174,245 85,395 88,855 90 55 40 105 55 50 194,765 95,185 99,580 947,090 473,285 473,810
In top half of the distribution 625,475 316,385 309,090 250 130 120 545 255 285 762,590 384,140 378,450 3,641,455 1,856,685 1,784,765
In sixth decile 150,945 74,795 76,155 70 35 30 90 40 50 172,200 85,100 87,095 899,660 454,970 444,690
In seventh decile 134,455 67,455 67,000 60 30 35 105 45 55 156,540 78,290 78,250 837,225 425,400 411,830
In eighth decile 121,350 61,450 59,900 65 35 35 105 50 50 144,120 72,600 71,525 752,410 383,450 368,955
In ninth decile 108,785 55,650 53,130 30 20 10 95 40 55 134,265 68,285 65,980 634,425 325,700 308,730
In top decile 109,935 57,030 52,905 20 10 10 160 80 80 155,465 79,870 75,595 517,725 267,160 250,565
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,723,210 ... ... 525 ... ... 870 ... ... 1,959,355 ... ... 8,308,480 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.374 ... ... 0.237 ... ... 0.418 ... ... 0.398 ... ... 0.328 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.516 ... ... 0.364 ... ... 0.506 ... ... 0.531 ... ... 0.456 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.318 ... ... 0.209 ... ... 0.356 ... ... 0.335 ... ... 0.280 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.0 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 3.6 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.4 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 525 275 250 870 420 455 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
English only 207,690 107,915 99,775 10 5 5 95 45 45 262,290 133,690 128,600 445,575 228,840 216,735
French only 473,490 215,190 258,295 255 130 130 80 30 55 486,845 221,005 265,840 3,980,275 1,864,675 2,115,605
English and French 1,018,100 519,275 498,830 250 140 110 690 340 345 1,185,020 600,985 584,040 3,898,980 2,035,230 1,863,750
Neither English nor French 41,975 16,745 25,230 5 0 0 10 5 5 45,860 18,340 27,520 82,075 35,200 46,875
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 525 275 250 870 420 455 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
English 457,725 231,930 225,795 60 35 30 300 155 145 605,220 303,380 301,835 1,088,820 548,595 540,225
French 1,091,480 533,590 557,890 415 215 200 455 210 245 1,156,585 564,525 592,065 6,909,570 3,412,705 3,496,860
English and French 151,345 77,485 73,865 40 25 15 110 55 55 173,785 88,480 85,300 329,515 169,050 160,465
Neither English nor French 40,705 16,120 24,585 5 0 0 10 0 5 44,430 17,640 26,790 79,000 33,590 45,410
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 525 275 250 870 420 455 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
Single responses 1,615,770 796,000 819,775 500 265 235 815 385 430 1,836,570 902,045 934,520 8,098,360 4,008,495 4,089,865
Official languages 1,044,150 518,340 525,805 320 175 150 530 245 285 1,193,295 590,520 602,775 6,930,810 3,438,050 3,492,755
English 225,920 115,155 110,765 35 20 15 165 80 85 322,315 162,085 160,230 639,365 323,170 316,195
French 818,225 403,185 415,040 290 150 135 365 165 195 870,975 428,435 442,540 6,291,440 3,114,885 3,176,565
Non-official languages 571,625 277,655 293,970 180 90 90 285 135 145 643,275 311,525 331,750 1,167,550 570,440 597,110
Indigenous languages39 355 125 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 155 305 41,820 20,480 21,345
Algonquian languages 190 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 80 140 28,925 14,200 14,730
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 165 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 70 125 27,870 13,715 14,160
Atikamekw 25 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 20 5,490 2,825 2,665
Cree languages 95 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 75 14,905 7,410 7,495
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 565 290 275
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 30 3,235 1,565 1,670
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 35
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 40
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 60 25 35
Cree, n.o.s. 50 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 10,870 5,435 5,435
Innu (Montagnais) 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 6,870 3,180 3,695
Naskapi 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 610 300 310
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 190 75 115
Mi'kmaq 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 190 75 110
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 860 410 450
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 820 385 435
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
Ojibway languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 30 15 10
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 20 10 10
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 10 5 5
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 15 10 10
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 15 10 10
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 45 145 12,775 6,220 6,550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 45 140 12,770 6,220 6,550
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 65 30 40
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 60 30 35
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5
Non-Indigenous languages 571,270 277,530 293,740 180 90 90 285 135 145 642,820 311,370 331,445 1,125,730 549,960 575,770
Afro-Asiatic languages 119,100 63,230 55,865 10 10 5 55 25 25 129,195 68,395 60,805 233,220 122,895 110,320
Berber languages 15,445 8,305 7,140 5 5 5 0 0 0 15,675 8,420 7,250 25,990 13,860 12,130
Kabyle 14,315 7,650 6,660 5 5 5 0 0 0 14,510 7,750 6,760 23,735 12,570 11,165
Tamazight 985 570 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 580 425 1,975 1,130 840
Berber languages, n.i.e. 150 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 90 70 285 160 125
Chadic languages 335 180 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 170 980 510 470
Hausa 175 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 105 75 425 235 190
Mina 165 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 85 95 555 280 280
Coptic 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 320 170 150
Cushitic languages 765 360 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 780 365 410 1,330 620 705
Bilen 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5
Somali 735 345 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 350 400 1,275 595 680
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 25 15 15
Semitic languages 102,380 54,295 48,085 5 0 0 50 25 25 112,200 59,320 52,880 204,600 107,735 96,865
Amharic 495 235 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 300 735 345 385
Arabic 99,450 52,790 46,660 5 0 0 50 25 25 107,605 56,960 50,645 198,785 104,765 94,020
Aramaic languages 120 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 60 75 525 250 270
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 170 85 90
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 45 20 25
Aramaic, n.o.s. 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40 300 150 155
Harari 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 10 5 5
Hebrew 1,580 845 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,145 1,650 1,495 3,680 1,930 1,750
Maltese 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 20 5 20
Tigrigna 705 360 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 710 360 345 810 415 395
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 40 20 20
Austro-Asiatic languages 23,210 10,690 12,525 0 0 0 10 0 5 24,640 11,340 13,300 37,425 17,185 20,240
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,580 2,090 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,135 2,560 8,730 3,975 4,755
Vietnamese 18,595 8,585 10,005 0 0 0 10 0 5 19,905 9,185 10,725 28,630 13,180 15,450
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 60 30 30
Austronesian languages 15,495 6,045 9,455 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,505 7,175 11,330 25,580 10,200 15,375
Bikol 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 50 70 140 55 80
Bisaya, n.o.s. 305 120 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 140 210 465 175 290
Cebuano 680 250 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 295 470 1,050 370 685
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Hiligaynon 390 130 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 170 305 590 205 385
Ilocano 1,650 670 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,890 765 1,130 2,125 855 1,275
Indonesian 405 165 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 185 265 730 255 475
Kankanaey 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Kinaray-a 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 25 10 20
Malagasy languages 410 185 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 195 235 1,810 870 940
Merina 285 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 125 165 1,180 545 630
Malagasy, n.o.s. 130 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 75 630 325 310
Malay 45 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 75 30 50
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 160 75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 85 110 225 95 130
Pangasinan 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 120 55 70
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,970 4,220 6,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,350 5,085 8,265 17,710 7,005 10,705
Waray-Waray 40 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 30 65 20 45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 215 100 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 115 130 410 185 230
Creole languages 36,965 16,655 20,310 65 35 35 5 5 5 37,690 16,985 20,705 62,640 28,375 34,265
Haitian Creole 27,145 12,010 15,135 45 20 25 10 5 5 27,565 12,185 15,375 46,475 20,690 25,785
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 20 5 10
Krio 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 10 5 5
Morisyen 910 440 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 525 545 3,115 1,555 1,555
Sango 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 490 240 250
Creole, n.o.s. 8,605 4,065 4,535 20 15 10 0 0 0 8,705 4,110 4,595 11,980 5,620 6,360
Creole languages, n.i.e. 230 100 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 150 555 255 300
Dravidian languages 12,090 6,330 5,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,620 7,090 6,525 18,350 9,425 8,925
Kannada 225 140 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 170 115 375 215 160
Malayalam 1,315 700 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,470 780 685 1,800 945 850
Tamil 9,175 4,555 4,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,370 5,155 5,215 14,235 7,030 7,205
Telugu 1,350 915 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,465 975 485 1,895 1,215 680
Tulu 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 25 10 15
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 20 10 10
Georgian 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 70 150 70 80
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5
Indo-European languages 289,040 139,810 149,235 85 45 40 200 95 105 329,415 158,980 170,435 595,790 290,670 305,115
Albanian 1,795 885 910 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,935 955 975 3,310 1,660 1,650
Armenian 5,565 2,645 2,920 0 0 0 40 20 25 6,520 3,105 3,420 16,890 8,225 8,670
Balto-Slavic languages 29,665 13,025 16,635 0 0 0 65 30 35 37,235 16,405 20,835 68,295 30,855 37,435
Baltic languages 315 125 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 430 160 275 725 285 440
Latvian 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 60 85 235 100 135
Lithuanian 205 70 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 95 185 490 185 300
Slavic languages 29,350 12,905 16,445 0 0 0 60 30 35 36,800 16,245 20,555 67,565 30,570 36,995
Belarusian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 75 35 40
Bulgarian 3,100 1,440 1,660 0 0 0 20 5 10 3,670 1,715 1,950 6,735 3,240 3,495
Czech 555 255 300 0 0 0 5 0 5 750 340 415 1,345 625 725
Macedonian 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 50 60 220 110 115
Polish 5,875 2,530 3,345 0 0 0 5 5 5 7,520 3,215 4,300 12,495 5,380 7,120
Russian 14,020 6,080 7,940 0 0 0 25 10 15 17,695 7,755 9,935 31,700 14,115 17,590
Rusyn 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 5 0
Serbo-Croatian 2,580 1,265 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,130 1,515 1,615 8,415 4,180 4,235
Bosnian 340 170 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 185 200 2,065 1,040 1,030
Croatian 865 415 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 2,380 1,155 1,225
Serbian 1,300 645 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 765 800 3,720 1,865 1,855
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 45 250 120 125
Slovak 345 130 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 190 305 855 380 475
Slovene (Slovenian) 240 100 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 130 180 600 265 335
Ukrainian 2,490 1,045 1,440 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,045 1,290 1,755 5,065 2,220 2,845
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 50 25 30
Celtic languages 40 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 40 20 130 80 55
Irish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 25 20 5
Scottish Gaelic 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 20 10 5
Welsh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 40 25 20
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 55 30 20
Germanic languages 11,285 5,660 5,630 0 0 0 15 5 5 14,215 6,910 7,305 25,580 12,440 13,140
Frisian 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 15 10 10
High German languages 9,860 4,925 4,935 0 0 0 10 5 5 12,245 5,930 6,315 21,145 10,240 10,910
German 3,360 1,560 1,795 0 0 0 10 5 5 4,995 2,220 2,770 11,055 5,090 5,970
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 235 125 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 160 145 1,110 565 540
Yiddish 6,270 3,240 3,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,945 3,545 3,395 8,980 4,585 4,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 895 465 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 635 635 3,175 1,580 1,590
Afrikaans 65 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 45 170 90 80
Dutch 740 390 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,065 545 520 2,590 1,305 1,285
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Plautdietsch 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 10 5 10
Vlaams (Flemish) 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 40 65 400 185 220
Scandinavian languages 480 245 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 655 320 330 1,140 560 575
Danish 150 70 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 85 105 360 175 185
Icelandic 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 60 30 30
Norwegian 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 60 55 190 100 85
Swedish 230 120 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 155 150 530 260 275
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 30 105 50 55
Greek 14,410 6,805 7,605 0 0 0 15 10 5 17,080 8,125 8,955 34,080 16,735 17,345
Indo-Iranian languages 58,285 30,880 27,410 0 0 0 15 10 10 68,600 36,145 32,455 101,450 52,780 48,665
Indo-Aryan languages 42,700 23,120 19,580 0 0 0 10 10 5 48,035 25,870 22,165 63,025 33,465 29,555
Assamese 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 30 20 15
Bengali 9,850 5,065 4,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,220 5,260 4,960 12,140 6,220 5,920
Gujarati 4,805 2,565 2,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,940 3,100 2,840 7,070 3,655 3,415
Hindi 3,655 2,135 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,270 2,465 1,800 5,445 3,080 2,360
Kacchi 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 65 170 80 90
Kashmiri 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 40 25 15
Konkani 55 35 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 30 80 40 35
Marathi 345 200 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 225 175 520 285 235
Nepali 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 190 175 1,105 560 545
Oriya languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 65 35 30
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 40 25 20
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 5 25 10 15
Punjabi (Panjabi) 16,345 9,050 7,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,260 10,100 8,160 23,825 12,975 10,855
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 45 70
Sindhi 45 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 30 100 60 45
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 390 205 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 245 230 725 375 350
Urdu 6,535 3,480 3,060 0 0 0 10 10 5 7,550 3,975 3,575 11,320 5,860 5,465
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 170 95 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 110 85 265 150 115
Iranian languages 15,575 7,755 7,820 0 0 0 10 0 5 20,550 10,275 10,275 38,400 19,305 19,090
Baluchi 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 10 5 5
Kurdish 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 265 205 1,120 630 485
Parsi 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 25 15 35 25 15
Pashto 975 525 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,020 545 470 1,490 810 680
Persian languages 14,065 6,930 7,135 0 0 0 10 0 5 18,950 9,395 9,555 35,615 17,770 17,850
Dari 1,085 520 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 605 640 10,665 5,370 5,295
Iranian Persian 11,665 5,750 5,915 0 0 0 5 0 5 16,025 7,945 8,080 22,130 10,990 11,140
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,680 845 830 2,820 1,410 1,410
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 70 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 35 35 125 65 65
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 15 30 10 15
Italic (Romance) languages 167,975 79,875 88,100 80 40 40 55 30 25 183,755 87,295 96,460 346,000 167,870 178,130
Catalan 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 100 105 330 165 160
Italian 57,590 26,825 30,760 20 15 10 15 5 5 63,560 29,680 33,880 90,940 44,080 46,865
Portuguese 18,080 8,625 9,455 0 0 0 5 5 0 19,465 9,245 10,215 41,545 19,890 21,650
Romanian 12,300 5,780 6,525 10 5 5 25 10 10 15,020 7,070 7,945 35,810 17,115 18,695
Spanish 79,720 38,505 41,210 55 20 30 10 5 10 85,395 41,150 44,250 177,155 86,490 90,660
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 50 55 225 125 105
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 55 30 30
Japanese 1,590 475 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,855 570 1,290 2,760 795 1,965
Korean 3,810 1,650 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,180 2,845 6,670 2,860 3,815
Mongolian 100 35 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 110 225 90 135
Niger-Congo languages 13,245 6,595 6,650 10 5 10 0 0 0 13,775 6,870 6,905 33,495 16,630 16,865
Akan (Twi) 620 305 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 690 340 350 985 490 490
Bamanankan 665 360 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 690 365 320 1,490 795 700
Edo 60 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 90 40 50
Éwé 330 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 195 155 995 535 465
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1,245 640 605 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 620 2,665 1,380 1,285
Ga 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 35 25 70 40 30
Ganda 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 50 20 30
Gikuyu 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 10 5 10
Igbo 90 55 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 65 40 145 85 60
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,090 490 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 515 630 3,420 1,530 1,895
Lingala 1,680 750 930 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,715 770 945 2,975 1,340 1,635
Luba-Kasai 140 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 65 80 285 145 145
Mòoré 150 85 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 405 205 205
Mwani 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 40 20 15
Ndebele 30 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 60 20 35
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,320 595 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 615 740 4,585 2,165 2,415
Shona 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 45 45 125 60 60
Soninke 205 135 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 135 70 270 175 95
Sotho-Tswana languages 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 25 10 10
Swahili 795 385 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 395 415 3,975 1,935 2,035
Wojenaka 485 225 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 225 255 910 435 475
Wolof 1,495 800 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,545 830 720 3,940 2,100 1,840
Yoruba 625 325 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 350 315 875 470 410
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,045 1,060 980 5 0 5 0 0 0 2,125 1,105 1,020 5,105 2,630 2,475
Nilo-Saharan languages 340 190 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 200 165 1,010 535 480
Dinka 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 10 0 5
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 275 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 160 130 845 450 400
African, n.o.s. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 30 155 80 75
Sign languages 275 140 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 160 150 1,280 680 600
American Sign Language 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 30 120 60 55
Quebec Sign Language 185 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 90 95 930 485 445
Sign languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 30 225 130 95
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,550 21,145 25,405 0 0 0 5 5 5 57,075 26,030 31,035 87,540 40,170 47,375
Chinese languages 46,390 21,080 25,315 0 0 0 5 5 5 56,890 25,955 30,935 87,155 39,990 47,160
Hakka 210 85 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 105 155 470 200 270
Mandarin 29,410 13,275 16,135 0 0 0 5 5 5 37,985 17,270 20,715 57,445 26,210 31,235
Min Dong 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 35 20 20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,730 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,895 830 1,065 2,670 1,180 1,485
Wu (Shanghainese) 440 195 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 250 295 790 365 430
Yue (Cantonese) 13,690 6,300 7,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,185 6,995 8,195 24,235 11,275 12,965
Chinese, n.o.s. 855 435 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 940 470 470 1,425 710 715
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 80 35 45
Tibeto-Burman languages 120 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 55 80 310 140 175
Burmese 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 15 45 80 25 55
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 35 130 65 65
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 75 40 35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 80 45 35
Tai-Kadai languages 1,705 735 965 0 0 0 5 5 0 1,770 755 1,010 4,855 2,040 2,820
Lao 1,280 615 665 0 0 0 5 5 0 1,320 635 690 3,815 1,805 2,010
Thai 405 115 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 430 115 315 1,015 220 795
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 10 25 10 15
Turkic languages 5,370 2,745 2,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,945 3,030 2,910 9,230 4,775 4,455
Azerbaijani 250 155 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 175 105 410 250 160
Kazakh 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 50 25 20
Turkish 4,825 2,455 2,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,300 2,685 2,615 8,220 4,240 3,975
Uyghur 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 75 235 110 125
Uzbek 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 170 80 90
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 90 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 40 65 140 60 80
Uralic languages 2,190 965 1,225 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,230 1,420 1,810 5,335 2,465 2,865
Estonian 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 40 65 160 60 95
Finnish 140 55 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 65 110 305 120 190
Hungarian 1,985 880 1,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 1,310 1,625 4,865 2,290 2,575
Other languages, n.i.e. 80 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 45 170 95 75
Multiple responses 125,490 63,125 62,360 25 10 15 60 35 25 143,450 71,980 71,470 308,550 155,455 153,095
English and French 35,195 17,970 17,225 0 0 0 25 15 5 42,695 21,750 20,940 126,405 64,585 61,820
English and non-official language(s) 26,945 13,375 13,565 10 5 5 10 5 0 32,265 15,955 16,310 49,485 24,660 24,825
French and non-official language(s) 44,880 22,480 22,400 10 5 5 10 5 5 47,185 23,615 23,570 94,205 46,880 47,320
English, French and non-official language(s) 13,590 7,010 6,580 0 0 0 10 5 5 15,685 8,025 7,655 28,685 14,700 13,985
Multiple non-official languages 4,880 2,290 2,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,625 2,630 3,000 9,765 4,625 5,140
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 525 275 250 870 420 455 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
English 236,770 119,975 116,790 50 25 25 175 90 90 340,470 170,050 170,425 623,305 313,780 309,520
French 743,335 365,685 377,655 230 120 105 300 140 160 779,125 383,000 396,125 6,032,885 2,983,330 3,049,555
Non-official language 182,560 86,255 96,305 40 20 20 75 30 35 204,395 96,705 107,690 366,730 177,410 189,315
Indigenous39 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 23,080 11,585 11,495
Non-Indigenous 182,495 86,230 96,265 40 20 20 75 30 35 204,315 96,670 107,645 343,650 165,830 177,825
English and French 146,050 75,850 70,210 10 10 5 80 35 45 173,135 89,205 83,935 497,380 256,735 240,645
English and non-official language(s) 111,510 55,685 55,830 15 5 5 45 25 20 135,390 66,995 68,400 205,755 102,290 103,470
French and non-official language(s) 174,715 83,145 91,570 135 70 65 50 20 30 180,900 85,935 94,965 375,795 179,585 196,210
English, French and non-official language(s) 135,525 67,480 68,045 45 20 25 150 70 75 154,470 76,450 78,020 284,940 141,275 143,665
Multiple non-official languages 10,780 5,055 5,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,130 5,690 6,435 20,125 9,545 10,585
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 525 275 250 870 420 455 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
Single responses 1,586,665 782,610 804,055 455 240 220 800 390 420 1,806,270 888,385 917,885 8,049,665 3,987,880 4,061,785
Official languages 1,255,565 623,405 632,155 375 195 180 645 310 335 1,435,980 710,425 725,555 7,387,055 3,665,020 3,722,030
English 347,110 175,135 171,970 60 35 30 270 135 135 479,850 239,270 240,580 874,185 438,570 435,615
French 908,455 448,270 460,180 315 165 150 375 180 200 956,130 471,155 484,975 6,512,870 3,226,445 3,286,420
Non-official languages 331,100 159,200 171,905 85 45 40 160 75 80 370,290 177,955 192,335 662,615 322,860 339,750
Indigenous languages39 125 50 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 65 100 34,245 17,040 17,200
Algonquian languages 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 22,430 11,165 11,265
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 35 50 22,115 11,025 11,090
Atikamekw 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 4,330 2,275 2,055
Cree languages 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 30 11,895 5,960 5,935
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 295 265
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 2,495 1,205 1,290
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20
Cree, n.o.s. 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 8,680 4,370 4,310
Innu (Montagnais) 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 5,400 2,540 2,860
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 255 240
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 30 45
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 230 110 120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 120
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 5 5
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 5 5
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 10 45 11,755 5,840 5,910
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 30 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 45 11,750 5,840 5,910
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15
Non-Indigenous languages 330,975 159,150 171,830 85 45 40 160 75 80 370,125 177,895 192,235 628,365 305,820 322,555
Afro-Asiatic languages 61,235 31,705 29,525 0 0 0 35 15 10 66,095 34,080 32,015 116,685 59,645 57,040
Berber languages 6,795 3,645 3,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,870 3,680 3,190 10,635 5,585 5,045
Kabyle 6,320 3,390 2,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,385 3,420 2,965 9,765 5,115 4,655
Tamazight 360 195 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 205 170 670 365 305
Berber languages, n.i.e. 110 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 195 110 90
Chadic languages 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 335 165 170
Hausa 80 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 45 40 180 85 90
Mina 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 155 75 80
Coptic 120 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 65 70 225 115 115
Cushitic languages 365 170 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 175 195 605 280 325
Bilen 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 10 5 10
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0
Somali 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 580 265 315
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 10 10 0
Semitic languages 53,825 27,770 26,060 0 0 0 25 15 15 58,585 30,100 28,490 104,890 53,505 51,380
Amharic 240 115 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 145 330 155 175
Arabic 52,330 27,000 25,325 0 0 0 25 15 15 56,520 29,075 27,445 102,120 52,125 49,990
Aramaic languages 75 30 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 50 380 185 190
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 35 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 25 130 60 75
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 50 25 25
Aramaic, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 200 105 100
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 715 375 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,230 615 610 1,515 760 755
Maltese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Tigrigna 445 230 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 230 220 490 250 240
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 40 15 25
Austro-Asiatic languages 16,465 7,600 8,865 0 0 0 5 0 5 17,355 8,030 9,325 24,500 11,410 13,090
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,860 1,295 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,915 1,315 1,595 4,875 2,200 2,670
Vietnamese 13,590 6,300 7,290 0 0 0 5 0 5 14,425 6,710 7,720 19,595 9,185 10,405
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 30 15 15
Austronesian languages 9,325 3,930 5,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,910 4,620 6,295 13,845 6,335 7,515
Bikol 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 45 15 25
Bisaya, n.o.s. 170 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 85 105 225 100 125
Cebuano 425 180 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 200 270 560 240 320
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 235 90 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 115 165 320 135 185
Ilocano 960 415 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,075 465 610 1,175 510 665
Indonesian 170 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 90 105 255 115 135
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 10 5 5
Kinaray-a 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Malagasy languages 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 610 325 285
Merina 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 35 305 165 145
Malagasy, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 300 160 145
Malay 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 20 10 10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 60 125 60 65
Pangasinan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 35 15 20
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,960 2,890 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,240 3,435 4,805 10,260 4,690 5,570
Waray-Waray 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 20 10 10
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 95 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 185 90 90
Creole languages 17,395 7,710 9,685 35 15 15 5 5 5 17,685 7,840 9,845 26,985 11,815 15,170
Haitian Creole 12,640 5,455 7,185 20 10 10 5 0 0 12,780 5,515 7,265 19,535 8,310 11,230
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 5 5
Krio 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 475 225 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 280 300 1,590 765 825
Sango 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 230 110 125
Creole, n.o.s. 4,185 1,980 2,210 10 5 5 0 0 0 4,210 1,990 2,220 5,390 2,520 2,865
Creole languages, n.i.e. 75 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 45 220 110 120
Dravidian languages 9,345 4,775 4,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,460 5,315 5,145 13,800 6,935 6,865
Kannada 115 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 190 105 90
Malayalam 970 520 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 550 485 1,225 645 580
Tamil 7,425 3,635 3,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,370 4,095 4,270 11,215 5,465 5,755
Telugu 820 550 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 580 315 1,140 700 435
Tulu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 15 5 5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 20 10 5
Georgian 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 30 60 25 35
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 168,495 80,690 87,800 40 20 15 110 55 60 188,550 90,370 98,185 336,635 164,100 172,535
Albanian 1,050 505 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,115 545 575 1,910 945 970
Armenian 3,895 1,770 2,120 0 0 0 25 5 15 4,370 1,985 2,390 12,325 5,870 6,455
Balto-Slavic languages 17,140 7,850 9,295 0 0 0 45 25 25 21,410 9,870 11,540 39,725 18,855 20,870
Baltic languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 45 65 150 60 90
Latvian 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 60 30 30
Lithuanian 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 95 35 60
Slavic languages 17,055 7,810 9,250 0 0 0 45 25 25 21,300 9,830 11,475 39,575 18,795 20,775
Belarusian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 30 15 15
Bulgarian 2,020 960 1,060 0 0 0 20 10 10 2,425 1,165 1,265 4,535 2,230 2,305
Czech 165 75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 100 115 375 180 200
Macedonian 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 125 65 60
Polish 2,505 1,085 1,420 0 0 0 5 5 5 3,090 1,355 1,740 4,795 2,110 2,685
Russian 9,755 4,475 5,285 0 0 0 20 5 10 12,475 5,775 6,700 22,770 10,815 11,960
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,200 575 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,445 685 760 4,205 2,085 2,125
Bosnian 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 90 105 1,075 530 545
Croatian 365 165 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 195 240 945 445 505
Serbian 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 395 400 2,090 1,060 1,030
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 100 50 45
Slovak 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 70 200 85 115
Slovene (Slovenian) 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 50 150 70 85
Ukrainian 1,185 545 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,365 625 735 2,375 1,135 1,240
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5
Celtic languages 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 45 35 10
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 10 5
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 15 10 0
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
Germanic languages 6,300 3,280 3,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,845 3,535 3,320 10,320 5,250 5,075
Frisian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 110 30 75
High German languages 6,055 3,160 2,895 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,500 3,370 3,130 9,600 4,930 4,675
German 510 245 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 360 410 1,685 805 880
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 235 125 115
Yiddish 5,525 2,905 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,700 2,995 2,700 7,680 4,000 3,675
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 145 70 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 105 115 420 200 215
Afrikaans 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 65 30 35
Dutch 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 75 300 145 155
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 40 20 20
Scandinavian languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 175 85 95
Danish 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 35 15 20
Icelandic 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 25 10 15
Norwegian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 15 10 10
Swedish 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 35 100 50 50
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 20 5 10
Greek 7,530 3,370 4,165 0 0 0 5 0 0 8,270 3,715 4,555 15,235 7,015 8,220
Indo-Iranian languages 43,235 22,475 20,760 0 0 0 10 5 10 50,680 26,200 24,485 74,455 38,045 36,410
Indo-Aryan languages 32,115 17,085 15,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,595 18,850 16,750 46,420 24,225 22,195
Assamese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Bengali 7,290 3,630 3,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,495 3,730 3,765 8,760 4,360 4,405
Gujarati 3,250 1,705 1,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,960 2,040 1,920 4,630 2,360 2,270
Hindi 2,460 1,380 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,560 1,260 3,525 1,915 1,615
Kacchi 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40 95 45 55
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
Konkani 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 5 20 10 5
Marathi 160 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 255 135 120
Nepali 225 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 125 115 880 445 430
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 10 5 5
Odia 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 13,485 7,465 6,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,920 8,220 6,695 19,290 10,435 8,855
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 45
Sindhi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 35 15 20
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 245 130 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 125 425 225 205
Urdu 4,795 2,465 2,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,470 2,800 2,670 8,250 4,160 4,090
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 55 150 80 70
Iranian languages 11,115 5,390 5,730 0 0 0 10 0 5 15,075 7,345 7,730 28,020 13,810 14,210
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurdish 220 120 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 135 120 625 325 300
Parsi 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 15 10 5
Pashto 750 405 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 410 360 1,110 590 520
Persian languages 10,090 4,835 5,250 0 0 0 10 0 5 13,990 6,770 7,220 26,205 12,850 13,355
Dari 675 320 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 390 415 7,595 3,780 3,815
Iranian Persian 8,570 4,115 4,460 0 0 0 5 0 5 12,080 5,855 6,225 16,660 8,135 8,530
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 845 400 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 530 585 1,950 940 1,005
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 65 35 35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 20 15 5
Italic (Romance) languages 89,325 41,435 47,885 40 20 15 20 10 10 95,835 44,515 51,315 182,585 88,060 94,525
Catalan 75 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 135 70 65
Italian 21,255 8,905 12,350 10 0 0 0 0 0 22,105 9,270 12,835 26,290 11,205 15,085
Portuguese 9,715 4,550 5,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,365 4,860 5,500 20,885 9,965 10,920
Romanian 7,290 3,495 3,800 0 0 0 15 10 5 8,915 4,290 4,620 22,255 10,895 11,355
Spanish 50,960 24,440 26,520 30 15 10 5 5 0 54,335 26,035 28,300 112,915 55,870 57,050
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 105 55 45
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 35 15 20
Japanese 705 285 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 340 500 1,155 455 700
Korean 2,705 1,205 1,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,655 1,635 2,015 4,760 2,135 2,630
Mongolian 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 55 70 145 70 80
Niger-Congo languages 4,240 2,060 2,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,365 2,125 2,240 10,160 4,895 5,265
Akan (Twi) 340 160 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 175 190 485 235 245
Bamanankan 205 100 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 100 105 385 195 195
Edo 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 25 10 10
Éwé 85 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 225 115 110
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 240 215 850 445 410
Ga 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 30 15 15
Ganda 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 335 145 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 200 965 415 545
Lingala 570 255 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 255 325 930 410 525
Luba-Kasai 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 20 5 20
Mòoré 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 35 15 15
Mwani 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 10 5 5
Ndebele 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 10 0 5
Rundi (Kirundi) 465 215 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 220 255 1,655 775 875
Shona 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 45 20 25
Soninke 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 65 30 105 75 35
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5
Swahili 290 155 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 135 1,665 810 855
Wojenaka 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 50 80 245 100 145
Wolof 600 325 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 620 335 285 1,470 795 675
Yoruba 180 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 90 100 240 115 130
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 330 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 155 185 720 320 400
Nilo-Saharan languages 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 60 55 395 195 200
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuer 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 60 45 365 180 185
African, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 25 15 10
Sign languages 515 300 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 350 250 2,235 1,285 945
American Sign Language 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 75 65 300 165 135
Quebec Sign Language 305 165 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 175 145 1,385 775 615
Sign languages, n.i.e. 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 95 40 550 345 205
Sino-Tibetan languages 35,185 16,285 18,900 0 0 0 5 0 0 43,570 20,275 23,295 67,120 31,725 35,390
Chinese languages 35,100 16,245 18,855 0 0 0 5 0 0 43,475 20,230 23,240 66,880 31,610 35,275
Hakka 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 45 150 65 80
Mandarin 23,585 10,965 12,620 0 0 0 5 0 0 30,855 14,425 16,430 46,925 22,275 24,650
Min Dong 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 15 5 5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,050 460 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 505 635 1,510 680 835
Wu (Shanghainese) 285 135 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 170 185 535 260 275
Yue (Cantonese) 9,590 4,395 5,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,470 4,815 5,655 16,860 7,870 8,985
Chinese, n.o.s. 505 250 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 270 285 870 445 430
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 20 10 10
Tibeto-Burman languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 35 190 90 100
Burmese 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 40 15 25
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15 75 40 40
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 35
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 40 25 20
Tai-Kadai languages 870 405 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 420 480 2,325 1,095 1,230
Lao 715 350 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 360 385 2,060 995 1,065
Thai 150 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 60 95 255 95 160
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5
Turkic languages 3,575 1,790 1,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,885 1,945 1,945 6,005 3,005 3,000
Azerbaijani 100 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 65 50 175 95 75
Kazakh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 10 5 5
Turkish 3,325 1,665 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,595 1,795 1,805 5,540 2,780 2,765
Uyghur 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 60 145 65 85
Uzbek 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 95 45 50
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 35 20 15
Uralic languages 695 285 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 935 395 535 1,505 670 830
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 15 10 5
Finnish 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 45 20 25
Hungarian 675 275 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 380 520 1,445 645 805
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 55 25 25
Multiple responses 154,590 76,515 78,075 65 35 30 70 30 40 173,745 85,640 88,110 357,245 176,070 181,175
English and French 45,705 23,415 22,290 5 5 5 15 10 10 53,305 27,065 26,240 137,120 69,025 68,095
English and non-official language(s) 32,655 15,945 16,710 0 0 5 20 10 10 39,365 19,140 20,225 60,495 29,540 30,950
French and non-official language(s) 55,175 26,790 28,385 45 25 20 20 10 10 57,355 27,790 29,565 116,595 56,445 60,150
English, French and non-official language(s) 19,445 9,630 9,820 10 0 5 10 0 5 21,910 10,810 11,100 39,875 19,575 20,300
Multiple non-official languages 1,605 740 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,815 840 980 3,160 1,485 1,675
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 525 275 250 870 415 450 1,980,015 974,025 1,005,995 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960
None 1,279,175 629,625 649,555 375 200 180 585 280 305 1,454,735 714,280 740,455 7,302,915 3,612,760 3,690,155
English 115,715 59,690 56,025 10 10 5 55 30 30 131,630 67,290 64,340 353,690 183,470 170,225
French 109,450 53,550 55,895 35 20 15 75 35 35 126,780 62,180 64,600 259,425 127,380 132,040
Non-official language 129,625 62,430 67,195 70 35 40 50 20 25 144,335 69,210 75,130 269,715 129,830 139,890
Indigenous39 145 55 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 75 110 5,315 2,495 2,820
Non-Indigenous 129,480 62,370 67,105 70 35 40 50 20 25 144,155 69,135 75,015 264,405 127,330 137,070
English and French 29,960 15,165 14,790 10 5 5 40 15 20 34,410 17,320 17,090 61,955 31,425 30,525
English and non-official language(s) 35,695 18,170 17,525 15 10 5 30 20 15 38,875 19,700 19,180 76,755 38,765 37,990
French and non-official language(s) 27,860 13,495 14,370 5 5 0 30 20 15 33,620 16,170 17,450 55,860 26,915 28,945
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,580 1,835 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 5 4,120 2,100 2,025 7,295 3,700 3,595
Multiple non-official languages 10,200 5,165 5,035 5 0 0 0 0 0 11,505 5,770 5,735 19,290 9,695 9,595
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 530 265 265 850 420 435 1,959,355 965,670 993,685 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625
Official languages 1,681,610 834,860 846,755 530 265 265 835 410 425 1,913,970 947,390 966,575 8,227,220 4,091,995 4,135,230
English 1,216,575 623,125 593,455 310 160 150 775 400 375 1,435,560 729,670 705,890 4,317,180 2,253,720 2,063,465
French 1,475,945 727,525 748,420 500 255 255 720 350 370 1,655,330 814,660 840,670 7,786,735 3,864,990 3,921,750
Non-official languages 862,365 420,005 442,360 325 155 170 435 205 225 971,455 471,755 499,700 1,853,710 899,285 954,430
Indigenous languages39 800 315 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 350 540 50,165 24,530 25,640
Algonquian languages 365 150 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 170 225 35,985 17,600 18,380
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 260 100 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 110 175 33,860 16,570 17,290
Atikamekw 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 6,770 3,435 3,330
Cree languages 150 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 110 17,930 8,910 9,020
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 40
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 425 430
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 40 4,230 2,040 2,195
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 265 120 145
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45
Cree, n.o.s. 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 30 45 12,650 6,365 6,285
Innu (Montagnais) 80 25 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 25 60 8,710 3,990 4,720
Naskapi 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 1,000 495 505
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 370 210 160
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 370 205 160
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 90 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 45 1,945 900 1,045
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 1,750 800 955
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10
Ojibway languages 55 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 35 210 110 100
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 155 75 70
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 60 30 30
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 20
Athabaskan languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15 95 50 45
Northern Athabaskan languages 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 90 50 40
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Slavey-Hare languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 65 40 25
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 35 15 15
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 315 75 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 85 275 13,900 6,750 7,150
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 310 75 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 85 275 13,880 6,740 7,140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Iroquoian languages 65 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 55 20 240 125 110
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 60 45 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 50 20 215 110 100
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15
Salish languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 30 30 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 65 45 15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 45
Non-Indigenous languages 861,690 419,765 441,925 325 155 170 435 205 225 970,710 471,495 499,220 1,804,195 875,095 929,095
Afro-Asiatic languages 193,965 101,880 92,090 0 0 0 135 60 75 217,295 113,605 103,690 385,210 201,105 184,100
Berber languages 23,765 12,670 11,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,100 12,860 11,245 39,965 21,145 18,820
Kabyle 21,490 11,425 10,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,780 11,590 10,195 35,660 18,725 16,930
Tamazight 2,020 1,120 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,055 1,140 915 3,840 2,160 1,680
Berber languages, n.i.e. 560 290 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 290 270 1,000 545 455
Chadic languages 1,205 655 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,245 675 565 2,900 1,550 1,350
Hausa 575 370 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 380 215 1,250 725 525
Mina 625 290 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 350 1,650 825 825
Coptic 745 385 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 415 385 1,150 580 575
Cushitic languages 1,160 540 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,185 555 625 2,145 990 1,160
Bilen 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 25 15 10
Oromo 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 55 20 35
Somali 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 530 610 2,025 925 1,100
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 15 40 100 45 50
Semitic languages 182,025 95,605 86,420 0 0 0 135 60 75 205,120 107,210 97,905 363,875 190,005 173,870
Amharic 780 375 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 435 445 1,225 605 620
Arabic 173,385 91,115 82,270 0 0 0 135 60 75 188,115 98,545 89,565 343,675 179,750 163,930
Aramaic languages 215 95 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 100 135 935 460 480
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 35 205 110 100
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 80 45 35
Aramaic, n.o.s. 155 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 75 100 660 310 345
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0
Hebrew 7,665 4,080 3,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,440 8,520 7,920 19,210 9,935 9,275
Maltese 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 40 20 25
Tigrigna 820 400 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 400 420 1,010 490 520
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 75 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 50 25 165 90 70
Austro-Asiatic languages 30,875 14,470 16,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,680 15,395 17,290 49,720 23,320 26,405
Khmer (Cambodian) 6,850 3,180 3,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,045 3,265 3,785 12,785 5,930 6,855
Vietnamese 24,550 11,565 12,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,160 12,400 13,760 37,655 17,735 19,920
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 30 105 60 45
Austronesian languages 24,510 9,720 14,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,140 11,470 17,675 40,880 16,660 24,225
Bikol 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 95 150 340 150 190
Bisaya, n.o.s. 450 200 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 230 290 655 285 370
Cebuano 1,155 395 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,385 480 905 1,940 625 1,315
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Hiligaynon 765 265 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 340 565 1,215 470 745
Ilocano 2,925 1,225 1,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,350 1,395 1,950 3,845 1,565 2,280
Indonesian 805 365 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 395 505 1,510 625 885
Kankanaey 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 35 85 45 45
Kinaray-a 85 25 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 25 60 85 25 60
Malagasy languages 835 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 420 435 3,265 1,670 1,595
Merina 655 320 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 330 345 2,215 1,140 1,075
Malagasy, n.o.s. 185 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 90 1,085 570 515
Malay 355 190 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 195 595 275 320
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 355 165 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 180 215 460 195 265
Pangasinan 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 200 90 105
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 21,575 8,340 13,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,940 9,975 15,965 33,810 13,330 20,480
Waray-Waray 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 75 215 100 115
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 905 390 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 445 595 1,645 655 990
Creole languages 74,245 33,880 40,365 160 80 80 30 20 10 76,295 34,775 41,520 135,275 62,040 73,235
Haitian Creole 66,445 30,045 36,400 160 80 80 10 0 0 67,895 30,695 37,205 118,010 53,530 64,480
Jamaican English Creole 215 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 340 165 175
Krio 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 40 75 25 50
Morisyen 2,365 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 15 10 10 2,710 1,370 1,340 6,810 3,480 3,330
Sango 185 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 80 1,070 570 500
Creole, n.o.s. 11,950 5,630 6,320 75 40 35 0 0 0 12,280 5,760 6,520 17,995 8,440 9,560
Creole languages, n.i.e. 1,520 685 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,600 705 895 3,010 1,380 1,630
Dravidian languages 16,725 8,745 7,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,785 9,760 9,020 25,390 13,070 12,320
Kannada 540 325 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 415 310 925 530 395
Malayalam 1,760 935 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,025 1,060 965 2,530 1,325 1,200
Tamil 12,940 6,480 6,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,560 7,265 7,300 20,050 9,955 10,100
Telugu 2,415 1,600 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,570 1,670 905 3,260 2,055 1,205
Tulu 30 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 10 80 30 50
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 95 55 40
Georgian 150 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 80 95 245 110 135
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0
Indo-European languages 450,480 219,660 230,825 165 75 85 260 120 140 514,485 250,190 264,295 1,014,365 490,155 524,215
Albanian 2,425 1,220 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,600 1,315 1,285 4,545 2,315 2,230
Armenian 7,185 3,350 3,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,650 4,080 4,575 22,100 10,785 11,310
Balto-Slavic languages 40,980 19,110 21,870 0 0 0 115 55 65 50,700 23,530 27,165 95,385 45,060 50,330
Baltic languages 530 215 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 280 425 1,105 465 635
Latvian 190 85 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 110 160 440 180 260
Lithuanian 340 135 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 170 260 660 290 375
Slavic languages 40,615 18,955 21,660 0 0 0 115 55 65 50,190 23,320 26,870 94,580 44,695 49,885
Belarusian 160 55 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 75 125 410 185 230
Bulgarian 3,765 1,820 1,945 0 0 0 10 0 10 4,515 2,155 2,360 8,110 3,950 4,165
Czech 990 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,265 590 675 2,165 1,040 1,120
Macedonian 215 80 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 100 160 455 205 250
Polish 7,925 3,535 4,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,130 4,475 5,650 16,790 7,555 9,235
Russian 23,995 11,285 12,705 0 0 0 85 45 35 29,515 13,855 15,655 55,485 26,345 29,135
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 3,390 1,700 1,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,100 2,025 2,075 11,145 5,505 5,635
Bosnian 675 315 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 715 335 380 3,060 1,520 1,540
Croatian 1,515 775 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 935 950 4,710 2,300 2,405
Serbian 1,725 840 885 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,105 1,025 1,080 5,285 2,560 2,725
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 95 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 60 50 315 175 140
Slovak 590 250 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 340 455 1,380 630 750
Slovene (Slovenian) 345 145 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 185 255 810 340 465
Ukrainian 4,905 2,155 2,745 0 0 0 20 10 15 5,945 2,635 3,310 10,185 4,575 5,605
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 110 60 55
Celtic languages 275 150 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 180 135 665 375 295
Irish 120 65 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 85 55 300 180 120
Scottish Gaelic 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 20 135 85 45
Welsh 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 85 45 45
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 45 165 90 80
Germanic languages 28,325 14,670 13,655 0 0 0 20 0 15 35,095 17,750 17,345 65,625 33,305 32,320
Frisian 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 25 65 20 45
High German languages 25,545 13,365 12,180 0 0 0 20 0 15 31,565 16,090 15,470 57,640 29,540 28,105
German 17,050 8,935 8,110 0 0 0 20 0 15 21,270 10,840 10,435 44,170 22,715 21,450
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 300 120 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 155 230 1,615 785 830
Yiddish 8,490 4,455 4,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,330 5,310 5,020 12,825 6,540 6,290
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,020 1,005 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,655 1,335 1,325 6,410 3,140 3,265
Afrikaans 205 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 160 580 295 285
Dutch 1,645 825 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,130 1,075 1,055 5,170 2,565 2,600
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 40 0 30
Vlaams (Flemish) 175 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 120 735 340 400
Scandinavian languages 1,440 725 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 920 945 3,335 1,630 1,705
Danish 425 190 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 250 295 860 395 460
Icelandic 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 90 35 55
Norwegian 285 155 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 220 180 735 375 360
Swedish 820 445 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,030 530 500 1,905 980 920
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 215 115 100
Greek 20,685 9,850 10,830 0 0 0 15 10 0 25,065 12,045 13,015 50,375 24,835 25,540
Indo-Iranian languages 77,115 41,190 35,920 0 0 0 25 15 10 91,140 48,390 42,750 136,020 71,180 64,840
Indo-Aryan languages 58,875 31,985 26,890 0 0 0 25 15 10 66,760 36,130 30,625 90,745 48,355 42,395
Assamese 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 20 75 40 30
Bengali 12,945 6,685 6,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,405 6,905 6,495 16,170 8,320 7,850
Gujarati 6,930 3,785 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,845 4,710 4,130 10,640 5,590 5,050
Hindi 24,370 13,400 10,970 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,090 15,325 12,765 35,765 19,145 16,620
Kacchi 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 115 140 375 155 220
Kashmiri 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 35 20 115 65 50
Konkani 155 95 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 115 85 235 130 105
Marathi 780 440 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 500 420 1,160 620 545
Nepali 485 270 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 305 255 1,375 740 635
Oriya languages 45 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 35 105 50 60
Odia 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 45 25 20
Oriya, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 60 25 40
Punjabi (Panjabi) 22,580 12,435 10,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,595 14,160 11,445 34,290 18,580 15,710
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 110 145
Sindhi 100 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 85 85 230 115 115
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 845 470 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,060 585 475 1,610 860 755
Urdu 11,425 6,220 5,200 0 0 0 20 15 0 12,905 7,015 5,890 21,180 11,325 9,850
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 500 325 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 350 215 770 445 320
Iranian languages 18,895 9,560 9,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,080 12,635 12,445 48,105 24,410 23,695
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurdish 780 465 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 505 345 1,805 1,045 755
Parsi 80 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 40 135 80 55
Pashto 1,225 645 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,300 690 600 2,210 1,235 975
Persian languages 17,095 8,600 8,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,195 11,620 11,575 44,745 22,585 22,160
Dari 1,280 645 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,515 770 740 13,235 6,845 6,390
Iranian Persian 14,160 7,125 7,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,455 9,730 9,725 27,430 13,785 13,645
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,790 920 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,395 1,220 1,180 4,595 2,255 2,340
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 50 290 180 115
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 50 40 170 100 65
Italic (Romance) languages 293,340 139,795 153,545 165 75 85 95 45 50 324,695 154,360 170,340 684,830 324,095 360,735
Catalan 715 400 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 780 445 335 1,250 725 530
Italian 95,535 45,630 49,905 95 45 50 30 20 10 107,285 51,300 55,985 168,040 82,400 85,645
Portuguese 28,840 14,425 14,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,125 15,545 15,585 65,605 33,005 32,600
Romanian 15,245 7,225 8,020 0 0 0 20 15 0 18,785 8,935 9,850 44,510 21,425 23,090
Spanish 177,230 83,945 93,280 80 40 40 40 10 20 193,835 91,345 102,490 453,905 210,400 243,505
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 405 240 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 265 210 1,105 670 435
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 80 60 285 150 135
Japanese 4,585 2,190 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,275 2,525 2,755 9,305 4,485 4,820
Korean 5,035 2,200 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,420 2,780 3,645 9,265 3,920 5,350
Mongolian 180 55 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 85 155 320 125 195
Niger-Congo languages 31,565 16,015 15,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,295 16,860 16,435 75,835 37,990 37,845
Akan (Twi) 1,340 755 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,650 895 750 2,385 1,270 1,115
Bamanankan 1,540 790 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 805 785 3,525 1,810 1,720
Edo 245 115 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 125 135 365 190 175
Éwé 865 505 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 960 560 400 2,365 1,285 1,080
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,730 1,485 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,810 1,525 1,285 5,820 2,995 2,825
Ga 220 145 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 165 90 375 225 150
Ganda 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 30 280 135 150
Gikuyu 45 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 40 80 25 55
Igbo 485 280 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 310 225 745 435 315
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,825 855 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,925 910 1,020 5,740 2,675 3,065
Lingala 7,315 3,405 3,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,490 3,495 3,995 14,985 7,255 7,730
Luba-Kasai 520 225 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 540 235 300 1,205 600 605
Mòoré 620 340 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 345 285 1,615 810 805
Mwani 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 80 45 35
Ndebele 115 70 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 75 45 180 85 95
Rundi (Kirundi) 2,045 1,010 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,130 1,030 1,100 7,310 3,490 3,825
Shona 245 150 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 170 100 345 190 155
Soninke 465 310 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 310 155 570 375 195
Sotho-Tswana languages 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 35 85 40 45
Swahili 3,405 1,710 1,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,575 1,800 1,780 12,270 6,225 6,040
Wojenaka 1,005 510 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 510 495 2,195 1,100 1,095
Wolof 4,030 2,185 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,145 2,255 1,890 9,930 5,325 4,595
Yoruba 2,040 1,025 1,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,295 1,145 1,150 3,100 1,610 1,490
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 7,005 3,630 3,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,345 3,800 3,545 17,915 9,215 8,695
Nilo-Saharan languages 705 390 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 400 320 1,865 905 960
Dinka 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 690 385 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 710 400 315 1,845 895 950
African, n.o.s. 425 225 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 435 230 205 995 555 440
Sign languages 1,985 795 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,170 895 1,280 8,070 3,485 4,580
American Sign Language 495 160 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 230 405 1,310 575 735
Quebec Sign Language 1,345 510 830 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,370 530 845 5,740 2,340 3,400
Sign languages, n.i.e. 340 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 230 135 1,555 830 725
Sino-Tibetan languages 56,545 26,095 30,455 0 0 0 15 10 10 68,485 31,760 36,720 107,415 49,840 57,575
Chinese languages 56,370 26,025 30,340 0 0 0 15 10 10 68,285 31,685 36,595 106,915 49,630 57,285
Hakka 335 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 220 225 810 370 445
Mandarin 41,405 18,880 22,525 0 0 0 15 10 10 51,885 23,845 28,040 80,520 37,100 43,420
Min Dong 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 70 35 35
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,725 1,170 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,270 1,690 4,310 1,855 2,455
Wu (Shanghainese) 695 310 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 385 465 1,255 565 685
Yue (Cantonese) 19,045 8,640 10,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,115 9,630 11,485 34,030 15,430 18,600
Chinese, n.o.s. 860 455 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 955 505 450 1,500 785 715
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 60 60 245 125 120
Tibeto-Burman languages 180 60 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 65 125 465 190 275
Burmese 65 10 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 10 65 135 30 110
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 25
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10
Tibetan 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 50 190 100 95
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 130 60 70
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 30 100 60 45
Tai-Kadai languages 2,755 1,240 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,870 1,280 1,585 7,330 3,170 4,160
Lao 1,985 965 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,040 990 1,055 5,485 2,595 2,885
Thai 1,085 390 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 415 725 2,720 920 1,800
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 30 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 40 15 25
Turkic languages 9,265 4,570 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,550 5,185 5,370 17,795 8,940 8,850
Azerbaijani 520 325 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 655 390 260 995 570 425
Kazakh 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 30 125 60 65
Turkish 8,445 4,105 4,340 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,540 4,630 4,905 16,195 8,135 8,065
Uyghur 205 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 105 125 350 155 200
Uzbek 140 85 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 105 85 320 155 170
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 205 90 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 110 135 350 165 185
Uralic languages 3,265 1,435 1,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,620 2,020 2,600 7,595 3,485 4,115
Estonian 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 110 230 90 140
Finnish 245 120 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 145 170 525 250 270
Hungarian 2,945 1,280 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,130 1,805 2,325 6,850 3,145 3,705
Other languages, n.i.e. 425 215 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 230 220 835 430 405
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 530 265 270 850 415 430 1,959,355 965,675 993,685 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625
Indigenous identity45 15,315 7,080 8,235 0 0 0 15 0 15 16,675 7,720 8,955 205,010 101,150 103,865
Single Indigenous responses46 14,315 6,630 7,685 0 0 0 10 0 10 15,520 7,185 8,335 193,365 95,320 98,045
First Nations (North American Indian) 8,065 3,655 4,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,745 3,955 4,795 116,550 56,080 60,475
Métis 5,705 2,835 2,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,085 3,020 3,065 61,010 31,620 29,390
Inuk (Inuit) 545 135 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 685 210 475 15,800 7,620 8,175
Multiple Indigenous responses47 305 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 165 185 3,135 1,575 1,560
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 695 305 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 365 435 8,515 4,245 4,265
Non-Indigenous identity 1,707,915 844,530 863,385 530 260 270 830 415 415 1,942,680 957,955 984,730 8,103,470 4,025,710 4,077,760
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 530 265 270 850 415 430 1,959,355 965,675 993,685 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,465 1,570 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,805 1,730 2,070 76,775 37,825 38,945
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,719,765 850,040 869,730 530 265 270 840 415 420 1,955,555 963,940 991,615 8,231,705 4,089,030 4,142,680
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Owner 297,340 ... ... 130 ... ... 315 ... ... 360,125 ... ... 2,245,605 ... ...
Renter 519,020 ... ... 30 ... ... 0 ... ... 550,240 ... ... 1,497,010 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 6,425 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Condominium 178,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 192,985 ... ... 515,590 ... ...
Not condominium 637,660 ... ... 155 ... ... 320 ... ... 717,375 ... ... 3,233,445 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
No bedrooms 19,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 19,730 ... ... 32,020 ... ...
1 bedroom 254,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 267,715 ... ... 623,295 ... ...
2 bedrooms 284,300 ... ... 20 ... ... 30 ... ... 303,875 ... ... 1,173,600 ... ...
3 bedrooms 194,410 ... ... 70 ... ... 120 ... ... 220,945 ... ... 1,189,790 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 64,550 ... ... 65 ... ... 165 ... ... 98,090 ... ... 730,330 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 473,475 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 501,570 ... ... 1,378,765 ... ...
5 rooms 155,105 ... ... 45 ... ... 25 ... ... 166,230 ... ... 645,635 ... ...
6 rooms 69,335 ... ... 25 ... ... 55 ... ... 78,495 ... ... 435,225 ... ...
7 rooms 48,130 ... ... 30 ... ... 70 ... ... 58,850 ... ... 403,225 ... ...
8 or more rooms 70,315 ... ... 35 ... ... 165 ... ... 105,210 ... ... 886,180 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.5 ... ... 6.4 ... ... 7.7 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 5.8 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 789,745 ... ... 155 ... ... 320 ... ... 881,730 ... ... 3,700,720 ... ...
More than one person per room 26,615 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 28,630 ... ... 48,315 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Suitable 745,905 ... ... 140 ... ... 310 ... ... 834,885 ... ... 3,606,260 ... ...
Not suitable 70,450 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 75,475 ... ... 142,775 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
1960 or before 293,880 ... ... 25 ... ... 90 ... ... 325,005 ... ... 879,375 ... ...
1961 to 1980 248,030 ... ... 55 ... ... 160 ... ... 282,605 ... ... 1,114,690 ... ...
1981 to 1990 89,700 ... ... 40 ... ... 50 ... ... 101,185 ... ... 509,120 ... ...
1991 to 2000 57,865 ... ... 25 ... ... 0 ... ... 63,765 ... ... 385,315 ... ...
2001 to 2005 28,770 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 32,020 ... ... 198,595 ... ...
2006 to 2010 30,795 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 32,875 ... ... 231,930 ... ...
2011 to 2015 33,075 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 35,320 ... ... 212,290 ... ...
2016 to 202157 34,235 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 37,590 ... ... 217,715 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 746,280 ... ... 145 ... ... 300 ... ... 833,540 ... ... 3,512,925 ... ...
Major repairs needed 70,075 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 76,815 ... ... 236,110 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
One-maintainer household 494,140 ... ... 65 ... ... 140 ... ... 543,605 ... ... 2,097,670 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 291,245 ... ... 80 ... ... 150 ... ... 333,140 ... ... 1,561,495 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,970 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 33,620 ... ... 89,875 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 816,355 ... ... 165 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
15 to 24 years 39,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 40,960 ... ... 117,525 ... ...
25 to 34 years 154,835 ... ... 0 ... ... 25 ... ... 162,375 ... ... 525,540 ... ...
35 to 44 years 156,945 ... ... 30 ... ... 45 ... ... 171,535 ... ... 647,165 ... ...
45 to 54 years 137,925 ... ... 45 ... ... 50 ... ... 155,520 ... ... 628,630 ... ...
55 to 64 years 137,110 ... ... 40 ... ... 100 ... ... 156,865 ... ... 760,395 ... ...
65 to 74 years 105,800 ... ... 30 ... ... 55 ... ... 122,825 ... ... 629,965 ... ...
75 to 84 years 59,160 ... ... 10 ... ... 35 ... ... 70,345 ... ... 336,170 ... ...
85 years and over 24,920 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 29,930 ... ... 103,640 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 808,950 ... ... 160 ... ... 320 ... ... 902,485 ... ... 3,706,605 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 612,990 ... ... 145 ... ... 255 ... ... 686,075 ... ... 3,110,920 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 195,960 ... ... 20 ... ... 65 ... ... 216,410 ... ... 595,690 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 171,990 ... ... 15 ... ... 55 ... ... 189,795 ... ... 542,060 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 816,355 ... ... 160 ... ... 320 ... ... 910,360 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 301,530 ... ... 45 ... ... 80 ... ... 330,635 ... ... 901,440 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 168,425 ... ... 20 ... ... 55 ... ... 186,350 ... ... 537,090 ... ...
Not suitable only 52,965 ... ... 20 ... ... 0 ... ... 56,480 ... ... 112,775 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 46,120 ... ... 10 ... ... 0 ... ... 50,745 ... ... 179,840 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 10,065 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,995 ... ... 15,470 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 16,530 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 18,075 ... ... 41,740 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 6,480 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 7,005 ... ... 13,135 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 940 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 995 ... ... 1,395 ... ...
Acceptable housing 514,825 ... ... 115 ... ... 240 ... ... 579,720 ... ... 2,847,590 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 784,980 ... ... 155 ... ... 310 ... ... 875,865 ... ... 3,652,985 ... ...
In core need 82,165 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 87,945 ... ... 218,275 ... ...
Not in core need 702,815 ... ... 150 ... ... 300 ... ... 787,925 ... ... 3,434,710 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 297,340 ... ... 130 ... ... 310 ... ... 360,120 ... ... 2,227,470 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.5 ... ... 76.9 ... ... 59.7 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 62.2 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 18.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 19.4 ... ... 17.4 ... ... 10.0 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 3.3 ... ... 2.1 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,360 ... ... 1,440 ... ... 1,380 ... ... 1,370 ... ... 1,070 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,532 ... ... 1,460 ... ... 1,480 ... ... 1,572 ... ... 1,195 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 500,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 500,000 ... ... 544,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 584,500 ... ... 420,000 ... ... 576,000 ... ... 638,000 ... ... 376,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 519,015 ... ... 30 ... ... 0 ... ... 550,235 ... ... 1,493,510 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 8.4 ... ... 8.6 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 27.8 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 28.4 ... ... 25.2 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... ... ... ... 14.6 ... ... 11.9 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 870 ... ... x ... ... x ... ... 890 ... ... 810 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 969 ... ... 900 ... ... x ... ... 987 ... ... 886 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 6,425 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 440 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 449 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,723,230 851,615 871,620 530 260 265 850 415 430 1,959,360 965,670 993,685 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 8,560 3,785 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,035 3,985 5,050 177,300 86,310 90,990
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 8,395 3,715 4,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,845 3,910 4,935 174,610 85,025 89,585
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 7,165 3,225 3,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,485 3,365 4,125 140,690 68,395 72,300
Métis single ancestry 880 380 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 930 400 530 20,510 10,205 10,310
Inuit single ancestry 350 110 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 430 145 280 13,410 6,425 6,980
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 75 115 2,685 1,280 1,400
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 1,830 865 965
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 70 20 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 25 70 760 365 400
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 55 40 20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 28,175 12,775 15,400 0 0 0 15 10 0 30,345 13,805 16,540 203,425 96,595 106,830
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 27,945 12,705 15,240 0 0 0 15 10 0 30,095 13,720 16,370 200,985 95,520 105,460
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25,185 11,485 13,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,000 12,340 14,660 177,925 84,210 93,720
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,455 1,140 1,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,710 1,265 1,450 19,935 9,910 10,020
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 310 80 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 380 115 260 3,120 1,405 1,720
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 225 70 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 80 175 2,435 1,070 1,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 195 60 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 70 145 1,800 775 1,025
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 535 240 295
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 60 25 30
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,686,490 835,050 851,435 525 260 265 820 405 415 1,919,975 947,880 972,095 7,927,760 3,943,960 3,983,805
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 530 265 265 845 420 430 1,959,355 965,670 993,690 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Canadian citizens77 1,434,570 703,030 731,545 520 260 260 805 390 415 1,645,945 805,140 840,805 7,790,215 3,862,365 3,927,855
Canadian citizens aged under 18 279,730 142,810 136,925 105 65 50 135 70 65 322,965 164,980 157,985 1,570,720 805,100 765,625
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 1,154,835 560,215 594,620 415 195 220 670 320 350 1,322,980 640,160 682,820 6,219,495 3,057,265 3,162,230
Not Canadian citizens78 288,660 148,585 140,075 0 0 0 45 25 15 313,410 160,530 152,885 518,265 264,490 253,775
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 530 265 265 845 420 430 1,959,355 965,670 993,690 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Non-immigrants80 1,017,325 502,500 514,820 360 170 190 520 250 265 1,168,390 576,340 592,055 6,892,110 3,424,400 3,467,705
Immigrants81 576,120 278,025 298,100 170 90 80 330 165 165 652,730 313,955 338,770 1,210,600 588,960 621,640
Before 1980 87,415 40,730 46,685 45 25 20 55 20 35 108,265 50,530 57,735 187,200 91,895 95,300
1980 to 1990 59,835 29,275 30,555 30 10 15 65 30 40 69,695 34,150 35,545 124,610 61,850 62,755
1991 to 2000 95,220 45,340 49,880 60 25 35 35 15 15 106,810 50,520 56,290 190,495 91,635 98,860
2001 to 2010 139,575 67,480 72,090 25 15 15 105 60 45 154,780 74,520 80,255 312,210 150,825 161,390
2011 to 202182 194,080 95,195 98,885 15 15 0 65 40 30 213,175 104,225 108,950 396,090 192,745 203,340
2011 to 2015 90,040 43,785 46,255 10 10 0 30 10 20 99,070 48,005 51,065 193,345 93,485 99,855
2016 to 2021 104,040 51,410 52,630 0 0 0 40 25 15 114,110 56,220 57,885 202,740 99,260 103,480
Non-permanent residents83 129,780 71,085 58,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,240 75,380 62,860 205,770 113,500 92,275
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 576,125 278,025 298,100 170 95 80 330 165 165 652,725 313,955 338,770 1,210,600 588,955 621,645
Under 5 years 45,920 23,340 22,575 0 0 0 25 15 10 52,990 26,810 26,180 112,295 56,755 55,540
5 to 14 years 90,130 45,385 44,740 65 50 20 65 30 30 103,285 51,965 51,320 201,385 101,555 99,835
15 to 24 years 104,655 46,955 57,705 45 10 40 75 45 25 118,475 53,035 65,440 213,035 96,175 116,860
25 to 44 years 290,245 141,865 148,380 55 30 25 145 65 85 326,320 158,620 167,700 594,845 292,975 301,875
45 years and over 45,170 20,475 24,700 0 0 0 25 10 15 51,660 23,520 28,140 89,045 41,505 47,540
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 576,125 278,025 298,100 170 95 80 330 165 165 652,725 313,955 338,770 1,210,600 588,955 621,645
Americas 127,690 58,995 68,690 125 70 55 35 25 15 137,955 63,465 74,485 264,885 121,740 143,145
Brazil 3,760 1,770 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,275 1,995 2,280 9,705 4,520 5,180
Colombia 8,195 3,835 4,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,885 4,105 4,780 29,670 13,540 16,125
El Salvador 6,400 3,265 3,130 10 0 0 0 0 0 6,600 3,365 3,235 11,515 5,780 5,730
Guyana 1,350 660 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,675 780 895 2,350 1,090 1,260
Haiti 47,555 21,110 26,445 90 55 40 15 15 0 48,570 21,555 27,015 86,105 38,285 47,820
Jamaica 2,670 1,090 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,280 1,315 1,965 4,485 1,900 2,590
Mexico 8,225 4,005 4,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,940 4,350 4,585 17,390 7,935 9,455
Peru 6,715 3,060 3,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,165 3,245 3,925 13,885 6,295 7,595
Trinidad and Tobago 2,120 970 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,640 1,160 1,475 3,820 1,660 2,160
United States of America 10,180 5,260 4,920 0 0 0 10 0 10 12,515 6,350 6,170 24,945 12,195 12,745
Other places of birth in Americas 30,520 13,985 16,535 0 0 0 10 0 0 33,410 15,245 18,160 61,020 28,545 32,480
Europe 137,155 66,390 70,765 35 25 10 115 55 60 158,795 76,610 82,190 309,015 154,110 154,910
Bosnia and Herzegovina 780 390 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 430 420 4,015 1,995 2,025
Croatia 760 390 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 915 475 440 2,015 1,050 960
France 39,280 20,790 18,485 0 0 0 10 0 0 42,245 22,305 19,935 93,160 49,870 43,290
Germany 2,480 1,285 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,715 1,740 1,975 8,385 4,095 4,295
Greece 7,730 3,445 4,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,650 3,920 4,725 16,130 7,790 8,340
Hungary 1,365 650 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,990 935 1,060 2,930 1,455 1,475
Italy 30,215 14,095 16,120 35 25 10 0 0 0 32,485 15,325 17,165 43,975 21,940 22,040
Netherlands 500 310 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 420 285 1,655 870 785
Poland 4,685 1,965 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,030 2,545 3,485 9,670 4,120 5,555
Portugal 7,715 3,520 4,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,140 3,720 4,425 17,000 8,190 8,805
Romania 9,655 4,440 5,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,970 5,495 6,470 27,515 12,990 14,530
Russian Federation 5,520 2,235 3,290 0 0 0 20 0 15 7,050 2,865 4,180 11,690 4,865 6,825
Serbia86 675 320 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 410 435 1,610 760 850
Ukraine 4,385 1,940 2,445 0 0 0 20 10 10 5,385 2,345 3,035 9,660 4,310 5,350
United Kingdom87 4,005 2,245 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,620 3,570 3,050 12,290 6,575 5,715
Other places of birth in Europe 17,395 8,365 9,030 0 0 0 40 30 15 21,205 10,115 11,095 47,310 23,240 24,075
Africa 140,555 71,665 68,890 0 0 0 30 15 20 152,205 77,515 74,690 302,010 153,655 148,355
Algeria 43,840 22,680 21,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,925 23,280 21,640 72,835 37,535 35,295
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,025 2,765 3,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,190 2,855 3,335 15,595 7,460 8,140
Egypt 9,400 4,720 4,685 0 0 0 10 10 0 12,245 6,195 6,045 20,325 10,520 9,805
Eritrea 495 250 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 250 250 600 305 300
Ethiopia 660 305 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 345 400 1,045 485 565
Morocco 33,005 16,490 16,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,215 18,545 18,670 68,865 34,810 34,060
Nigeria 1,200 630 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,435 770 660 2,210 1,185 1,025
Somalia 400 200 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 405 205 205 675 330 350
South Africa, Republic of 415 275 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 360 225 1,025 575 450
Other places of birth in Africa 45,115 23,355 21,760 0 0 0 15 10 10 47,960 24,705 23,260 118,820 60,455 58,360
Asia 169,860 80,480 89,375 0 0 0 140 75 70 202,715 95,775 106,935 332,925 158,445 174,475
Afghanistan 1,100 570 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 630 625 9,545 4,825 4,725
Iran88 9,815 4,825 4,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,990 6,835 7,160 20,235 10,020 10,215
Iraq 1,610 890 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,125 1,020 4,085 2,110 1,980
Lebanon 17,455 9,230 8,220 0 0 0 50 30 25 20,215 10,625 9,585 42,280 22,610 19,670
Syria89 12,040 6,095 5,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,495 6,815 6,680 26,845 13,675 13,170
Turkey 4,010 2,020 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,490 2,240 2,250 7,450 3,850 3,605
China90 26,330 11,650 14,680 0 0 0 20 10 10 32,815 14,710 18,100 52,500 23,010 29,490
Hong Kong91 2,375 1,130 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,400 1,525 4,900 2,385 2,520
Korea, South92 2,680 1,185 1,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,485 1,915 5,180 2,275 2,905
Taiwan 1,265 540 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,600 660 935 2,500 1,015 1,485
Philippines 20,475 7,940 12,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,690 9,580 15,105 31,350 11,835 19,515
Viet Nam 16,395 7,460 8,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,570 7,995 9,575 25,485 11,580 13,900
Bangladesh 7,035 3,560 3,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,255 3,655 3,605 8,965 4,510 4,455
India 13,570 7,040 6,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,345 8,895 8,455 24,990 12,770 12,225
Pakistan 5,730 3,040 2,690 0 0 0 20 10 0 6,560 3,485 3,075 11,250 5,970 5,285
Sri Lanka 6,965 3,425 3,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,850 3,865 3,990 10,910 5,350 5,560
Other places of birth in Asia 21,010 9,890 11,120 0 0 0 35 10 20 25,115 11,780 13,335 44,455 20,665 23,790
Oceania and other places of birth93 860 485 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,055 585 470 1,765 1,010 750
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 104,040 51,410 52,625 0 0 0 40 20 15 114,110 56,220 57,885 202,740 99,265 103,480
Americas 15,850 7,650 8,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,945 8,160 8,785 30,910 14,985 15,920
Brazil 1,105 455 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,235 515 715 2,575 1,170 1,410
Colombia 1,260 575 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 615 775 4,295 1,985 2,315
Haiti 5,495 2,700 2,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,550 2,740 2,815 8,600 4,210 4,395
Jamaica 135 70 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 80 65 215 130 90
Mexico 1,320 690 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,410 745 665 2,520 1,240 1,280
United States of America 2,255 1,165 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,625 1,380 1,245 4,140 2,170 1,975
Venezuela95 915 355 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 960 355 600 1,690 670 1,020
Other places of birth in Americas 3,375 1,630 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,620 1,715 1,905 6,860 3,420 3,440
Europe 17,760 9,335 8,425 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,140 9,995 9,145 33,705 17,520 16,185
France 11,735 6,290 5,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,165 6,530 5,635 20,980 11,325 9,655
Germany 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 150 130 530 295 240
Ireland96 55 45 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 45 10 100 85 15
Italy 420 260 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 270 180 700 420 285
Russian Federation 625 235 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 790 295 490 1,365 515 850
Ukraine 750 355 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 390 455 1,660 720 940
United Kingdom87 480 290 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 570 355 220 975 615 360
Other places of birth in Europe 3,465 1,725 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,985 1,955 2,030 7,395 3,550 3,845
Africa 34,835 17,255 17,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 36,195 17,970 18,225 70,310 34,215 36,095
Algeria 10,085 4,925 5,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,255 5,020 5,235 13,975 6,730 7,245
Burundi 715 385 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 740 395 340 2,290 1,170 1,120
Cameroon 3,555 1,730 1,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,675 1,795 1,880 8,830 4,180 4,650
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,490 645 845 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,515 665 850 4,055 1,875 2,180
Côte d'Ivoire 1,625 785 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,720 855 865 6,305 3,055 3,255
Egypt 1,470 795 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 850 750 2,385 1,255 1,135
Eritrea 275 145 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 145 125 300 160 135
Ethiopia 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 45 155 75 75
Morocco 5,375 2,535 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,600 2,640 2,965 9,515 4,435 5,080
Nigeria 550 310 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 400 310 995 525 470
Somalia 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 75 40 30
South Africa, Republic of 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 70 55 190 100 85
Sudan97 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 50 35 100 55 45
Tunisia 3,360 1,755 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,510 1,820 1,695 6,640 3,375 3,260
Other places of birth in Africa 6,015 3,075 2,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,265 3,205 3,060 14,505 7,175 7,330
Asia 35,290 16,975 18,315 0 0 0 35 20 15 41,495 19,890 21,600 67,305 32,185 35,120
Afghanistan 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 100 2,515 1,250 1,265
Bangladesh 960 465 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 470 515 1,190 565 625
China90 4,960 2,085 2,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,885 3,020 3,860 10,735 4,680 6,055
Hong Kong91 55 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 55 150 70 75
India 5,690 3,035 2,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,325 3,365 2,960 8,460 4,430 4,030
Iran88 2,275 1,025 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,085 1,395 1,685 4,135 1,895 2,235
Iraq 245 145 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 180 130 715 385 325
Israel 145 90 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 130 125 395 205 185
Japan 185 55 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 55 140 325 75 250
Jordan 355 160 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 405 195 215 565 285 275
Korea, South92 750 320 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 920 380 535 1,355 585 775
Lebanon 1,710 930 775 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,820 990 825 3,620 1,925 1,700
Nepal 180 110 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 110 75 245 140 100
Pakistan 1,030 520 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,145 590 555 2,160 1,135 1,025
Philippines 5,730 2,455 3,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,655 2,840 3,815 8,480 3,560 4,920
Saudi Arabia 860 540 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 595 370 1,390 790 600
Sri Lanka 500 205 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 220 305 710 320 385
Syria89 5,895 3,065 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,485 3,375 3,115 13,390 6,960 6,425
Turkey 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 575 310 265 800 450 355
United Arab Emirates 580 290 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 690 340 350 975 510 470
Viet Nam 910 395 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,075 460 620 1,620 605 1,010
Other places of birth in Asia 1,565 680 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,715 725 995 3,390 1,355 2,035
Oceania and other93 305 195 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 205 130 510 355 160
Australia 195 125 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 140 85 295 195 95
Other places of birth98 110 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 70 45 220 160 60
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 530 265 265 850 415 435 1,959,355 965,670 993,685 8,308,480 4,126,860 4,181,625
First generation100 725,270 358,390 366,885 170 90 75 335 160 170 813,905 400,325 413,580 1,471,845 728,125 743,715
Second generation101 361,130 181,485 179,645 205 90 115 205 100 110 424,225 212,755 211,475 883,485 446,000 437,490
Third generation or more102 636,825 311,740 325,090 155 85 70 305 155 150 721,230 352,590 368,630 5,953,145 2,952,730 3,000,415
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 488,705 237,295 251,410 125 70 60 280 140 135 544,455 263,425 281,040 1,023,400 497,055 526,340
Economic immigrants104 267,215 137,555 129,660 50 30 25 155 80 80 303,105 155,090 148,020 559,935 290,040 269,895
Principal applicants105 135,610 78,460 57,150 20 15 0 60 45 20 151,015 87,200 63,815 267,870 161,125 106,740
Secondary applicants106 131,610 59,100 72,515 30 15 20 95 35 55 152,090 67,890 84,205 292,070 128,915 163,155
Immigrants sponsored by family107 133,215 54,390 78,825 55 25 30 50 30 20 146,645 59,645 87,000 272,255 109,735 162,515
Refugees108 79,320 41,035 38,285 15 10 0 65 35 35 85,165 44,145 41,025 175,740 89,995 85,740
Other immigrants109 8,955 4,310 4,645 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,540 4,545 4,995 15,470 7,290 8,185
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 488,705 237,295 251,410 125 70 60 280 140 135 544,455 263,425 281,040 1,023,400 497,055 526,340
Asylum claim before admission111 50,275 26,560 23,710 10 10 0 30 15 15 53,655 28,340 25,310 89,850 47,360 42,495
Work permits only before admission112 50,365 23,725 26,640 15 10 10 20 10 0 56,685 26,490 30,195 94,185 46,445 47,740
Study permits only before admission113 11,765 6,105 5,655 0 0 0 10 0 0 13,690 7,070 6,620 25,505 13,385 12,115
Work and study permits before admission114 25,200 14,095 11,105 0 0 0 10 0 0 27,800 15,470 12,330 48,805 27,680 21,130
Other permits before admission115 4,400 1,875 2,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,820 2,035 2,785 8,935 3,495 5,440
No pre-admission experience116 346,705 164,930 181,775 95 50 40 200 100 100 387,815 184,015 203,795 756,120 358,700 397,420
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 530 265 270 850 415 430 1,959,355 965,675 993,685 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625
Total visible minority population118 668,975 330,800 338,175 285 140 145 185 90 95 737,510 363,785 373,725 1,340,735 662,065 678,670
South Asian 79,670 42,620 37,050 0 0 0 15 15 0 91,370 48,660 42,710 127,990 67,140 60,850
Chinese 56,935 26,075 30,860 0 0 0 20 10 10 69,985 32,190 37,795 115,240 51,375 63,865
Black 198,610 96,350 102,255 215 110 105 60 25 35 208,805 101,125 107,680 422,405 206,335 216,070
Filipino 27,355 11,555 15,805 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,365 14,085 19,275 44,885 19,300 25,580
Arab 141,935 74,355 67,585 0 0 0 85 35 45 151,890 79,375 72,515 280,075 146,990 133,085
Latin American 78,150 38,450 39,705 70 25 40 0 0 0 82,550 40,580 41,970 172,925 85,035 87,880
Southeast Asian 37,905 17,950 19,955 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,535 19,270 21,265 70,455 33,510 36,945
West Asian 17,500 8,735 8,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,800 11,365 11,435 43,985 22,250 21,735
Korean 5,245 2,365 2,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,755 3,025 3,730 10,360 4,825 5,535
Japanese 2,645 1,045 1,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,165 1,265 1,900 5,305 2,190 3,120
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,470 2,675 2,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,515 3,185 3,325 12,150 6,020 6,125
Multiple visible minorities 17,540 8,615 8,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,790 9,660 10,125 34,960 17,080 17,875
Not a visible minority120 1,054,255 520,810 533,445 240 120 120 665 330 335 1,221,845 601,890 619,960 6,967,745 3,464,790 3,502,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 530 265 265 845 420 435 1,959,355 965,670 993,685 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625
Canadian 216,645 104,085 112,565 55 25 30 65 35 30 241,015 115,880 125,135 2,412,040 1,186,160 1,225,880
English 43,185 22,080 21,110 10 10 0 40 30 10 59,710 30,025 29,685 177,710 88,910 88,800
Irish 80,635 38,520 42,120 0 0 0 20 15 0 102,325 48,885 53,440 404,190 193,440 210,745
Scottish 44,880 21,650 23,230 0 0 0 40 35 0 61,620 29,560 32,065 192,685 93,120 99,565
French, n.o.s.122 307,670 155,535 152,135 55 35 15 185 90 90 336,880 169,710 167,170 1,778,900 897,890 881,010
German 31,730 15,215 16,510 0 0 0 60 30 30 40,360 19,305 21,050 124,305 60,295 64,010
Chinese 61,715 28,350 33,365 0 0 0 15 10 0 74,630 34,410 40,220 123,985 55,730 68,255
Italian 135,430 66,225 69,205 120 65 60 75 35 40 156,025 76,485 79,535 316,315 157,600 158,720
Indian (India) 36,920 19,740 17,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,170 23,435 20,735 65,790 34,390 31,405
Ukrainian 14,865 7,080 7,785 0 0 0 25 10 10 19,025 9,095 9,930 38,685 18,590 20,095
Dutch 6,520 3,225 3,295 0 0 0 25 20 10 8,425 4,145 4,285 22,385 11,085 11,305
Polish 23,515 11,460 12,060 0 0 0 15 0 15 33,540 16,340 17,200 63,505 31,010 32,495
Québécois 103,145 51,885 51,265 0 0 0 65 40 25 108,910 54,650 54,260 931,940 465,630 466,305
British Isles, n.o.s.123 11,665 6,000 5,670 0 0 0 35 20 15 17,025 8,610 8,415 38,655 19,380 19,275
Filipino 26,105 11,050 15,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 32,035 13,555 18,475 43,580 18,815 24,760
French Canadian 59,380 28,470 30,910 0 0 0 25 10 15 66,400 31,740 34,655 588,805 290,630 298,180
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 19,910 10,385 9,530 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,690 11,705 10,980 149,955 75,935 74,020
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15,970 7,210 8,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,815 7,630 9,185 138,030 64,935 73,095
Métis 3,645 1,645 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,975 1,795 2,180 44,275 21,865 22,410
European, n.o.s.126 22,450 11,380 11,070 0 0 0 15 0 15 26,895 13,510 13,380 99,420 50,795 48,625
Russian 20,180 9,420 10,760 0 0 0 55 20 35 28,610 13,415 15,195 47,195 21,990 25,200
Norwegian 2,370 1,150 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,940 1,405 1,525 8,215 4,055 4,160
Welsh 3,345 1,715 1,630 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,170 2,590 2,580 11,260 5,450 5,810
Portuguese 23,120 11,280 11,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,490 12,445 13,045 64,385 32,135 32,255
American 11,970 5,910 6,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,530 7,235 7,300 46,600 22,380 24,230
Spanish 31,535 15,600 15,940 25 15 10 20 10 10 35,975 17,775 18,200 77,735 37,960 39,775
Swedish 2,500 1,180 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,195 1,480 1,715 6,965 3,270 3,700
Hungarian 9,065 4,385 4,680 0 0 0 15 0 10 12,160 5,830 6,335 23,360 11,410 11,950
Acadian 11,725 5,325 6,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,695 5,780 6,915 83,945 39,450 44,495
Pakistani 9,080 4,870 4,210 0 0 0 20 15 10 10,350 5,580 4,770 16,645 8,825 7,815
African, n.o.s.127 33,155 16,460 16,695 0 0 0 10 10 0 35,410 17,485 17,930 73,930 36,725 37,205
Jewish 26,680 13,550 13,135 0 0 0 10 0 10 47,415 23,905 23,515 57,320 29,015 28,305
Punjabi 5,655 3,385 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,510 3,905 2,605 8,765 5,040 3,725
Vietnamese 26,955 12,890 14,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,910 13,890 15,015 45,570 21,910 23,665
Arab, n.o.s.128 52,935 28,050 24,885 0 0 0 40 15 20 56,950 30,125 26,830 104,735 55,130 49,610
Greek 26,980 13,250 13,725 15 0 0 15 15 0 33,345 16,475 16,865 69,705 35,085 34,620
Jamaican 5,905 2,760 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,870 3,170 3,695 11,395 5,490 5,905
Asian, n.o.s.129 8,475 3,860 4,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,015 4,560 5,450 15,820 7,190 8,630
Cree, n.o.s.130 780 355 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 375 480 21,540 10,530 11,005
Korean 5,445 2,485 2,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,970 3,145 3,820 10,655 4,940 5,720
Romanian 16,255 7,785 8,470 0 0 0 25 10 10 21,785 10,470 11,320 46,765 22,775 23,995
Lebanese 30,115 15,635 14,475 0 0 0 75 25 50 36,445 18,790 17,650 78,210 40,740 37,470
Iranian 12,890 6,310 6,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,805 8,760 9,045 25,825 12,855 12,975
Christian, n.i.e.131 11,615 5,780 5,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,200 6,500 6,700 81,820 41,395 40,425
Danish 1,820 845 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,385 1,090 1,295 5,260 2,670 2,590
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 3,710 1,705 2,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,940 1,830 2,105 35,315 17,125 18,190
Sikh 3,335 1,775 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,940 2,095 1,835 5,175 2,765 2,415
Austrian 3,485 1,725 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,105 2,440 2,670 11,030 5,425 5,610
Belgian 10,940 5,520 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,360 6,180 6,180 48,380 24,065 24,315
Haitian 80,485 37,710 42,775 205 105 95 0 0 0 82,590 38,735 43,855 156,065 73,495 82,570
Hindu 5,610 3,195 2,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,600 3,690 2,910 8,930 4,805 4,125
Mexican 15,365 7,685 7,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,720 8,350 8,370 34,305 16,985 17,320
Mennonite 385 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 215 695 325 365
Swiss 5,470 2,695 2,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,515 3,235 3,285 22,980 11,870 11,110
Finnish 1,000 425 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,335 555 780 3,120 1,375 1,740
Sri Lankan 7,720 3,820 3,905 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,775 4,360 4,420 12,400 6,165 6,240
Croatian 2,230 1,080 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,910 1,425 1,485 6,790 3,425 3,370
Japanese 3,565 1,490 2,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,325 1,805 2,525 7,460 3,215 4,245
South Asian, n.o.s.133 1,770 970 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,085 1,100 975 3,020 1,565 1,455
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 2,310 1,015 1,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,570 1,125 1,445 20,235 9,695 10,545
Northern European, n.o.s.135 1,300 685 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,545 785 760 4,075 2,125 1,955
Muslim 8,530 4,530 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,200 4,885 4,320 16,665 8,705 7,965
Egyptian 13,040 6,810 6,230 0 0 0 35 25 10 16,840 8,750 8,090 30,240 15,745 14,500
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 12,215 6,250 5,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,270 6,770 6,500 27,170 13,580 13,585
Tamil 4,835 2,245 2,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,565 2,610 2,955 7,615 3,645 3,970
Icelandic 345 205 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 260 205 1,135 660 470
Colombian 11,580 5,525 6,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,570 5,960 6,615 39,485 18,805 20,680
Moroccan 37,360 19,125 18,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,795 22,825 21,970 81,230 41,590 39,635
Czech 2,395 1,080 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,180 1,480 1,700 5,705 2,720 2,985
Syrian 13,935 6,830 7,105 0 0 0 20 10 0 16,220 7,940 8,280 31,590 15,820 15,770
Guyanese 1,650 815 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,945 930 1,015 3,410 1,585 1,825
Afghan 1,885 1,005 885 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,125 980 13,095 6,825 6,275
Black, n.o.s.137 7,275 3,530 3,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,980 3,835 4,140 14,505 7,040 7,465
Serbian 1,755 835 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,255 1,105 1,150 5,355 2,655 2,700
Ojibway 250 130 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 145 135 1,120 540 585
Newfoundlander 390 230 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 265 225 1,830 935 895
Hong Konger 1,000 460 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 520 630 1,920 840 1,080
Ontarian 795 370 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 940 430 500 5,890 2,755 3,140
Persian 4,285 2,325 1,955 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,920 3,175 2,740 8,185 4,345 3,845
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,925 1,500 1,425 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,510 1,835 1,675 5,670 2,880 2,790
Turkish 8,160 4,055 4,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,430 4,670 4,755 15,620 7,850 7,770
Inuit, n.o.s.138 775 220 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 940 305 635 17,970 8,515 9,455
Bangladeshi 8,790 4,475 4,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,090 4,620 4,465 11,075 5,635 5,445
Algerian 40,570 21,135 19,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,695 21,670 20,025 65,860 33,955 31,905
Brazilian 6,440 3,085 3,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,115 3,415 3,695 15,775 7,620 8,155
Nigerian 1,780 820 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,105 970 1,125 3,200 1,570 1,630
Armenian 10,715 5,120 5,595 0 0 0 25 15 15 13,180 6,320 6,860 30,720 15,190 15,530
Slovak 1,375 640 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,985 950 1,040 4,070 1,995 2,075
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,990 1,430 1,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,850 2,330 2,520 7,205 3,415 3,790
Somali 1,155 550 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,170 550 620 2,090 975 1,110
Taiwanese 1,860 860 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,250 1,035 1,220 3,605 1,655 1,950
Iraqi 1,770 975 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,605 1,355 1,250 4,385 2,290 2,095
Salvadorean 9,125 4,430 4,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,285 4,495 4,790 17,265 8,595 8,670
African Caribbean 5,045 2,265 2,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,650 2,535 3,115 9,305 4,260 5,040
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 1,775 775 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,030 905 1,130 3,425 1,520 1,905
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 3,005 1,655 1,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,005 2,135 1,870 5,955 3,180 2,780
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 4,900 2,065 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,325 2,255 3,075 9,190 4,020 5,170
Algonquin 1,725 860 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 925 965 29,880 14,520 15,365
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,900 775 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,160 900 1,255 3,140 1,390 1,750
Lithuanian 2,110 930 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,120 1,410 1,705 5,455 2,460 2,995
South African 465 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 280 315 1,045 545 500
Australian 830 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 1,820 885 935
Palestinian 3,525 1,890 1,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,225 2,220 2,005 6,500 3,445 3,055
Chilean 6,025 2,985 3,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,405 3,155 3,250 14,420 7,150 7,265
Congolese 9,965 4,820 5,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,140 4,915 5,225 24,070 11,855 12,220
Nova Scotian 505 225 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 575 255 315 1,430 640 790
Ethiopian 965 495 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 535 500 1,440 740 705
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 3,165 1,615 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,465 1,775 1,690 6,335 3,155 3,185
Peruvian 8,415 3,870 4,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,000 4,155 4,845 19,055 8,900 10,155
Yoruba 1,710 940 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,970 1,055 910 2,820 1,545 1,270
Cambodian (Khmer) 8,775 4,125 4,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,015 4,250 4,765 17,600 8,335 9,265
Berber 19,835 10,545 9,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,455 10,885 9,570 36,540 19,550 16,990
Albanian 2,560 1,300 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,770 1,415 1,355 4,650 2,390 2,265
Maltese 360 200 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 240 180 1,095 585 510
Macedonian 325 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 380 185 200 680 325 355
Slovenian 825 365 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,145 520 630 2,395 1,115 1,280
Western European, n.o.s.145 2,185 1,225 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,465 1,380 1,085 7,000 3,690 3,310
New Brunswicker 850 430 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 475 485 4,900 2,340 2,560
Gujarati 880 475 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,145 620 525 1,340 710 630
Eritrean 615 305 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 305 320 800 400 400
African Canadian 1,290 680 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,440 745 700 3,715 1,835 1,880
Israeli 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,435 2,850 2,585 6,750 3,465 3,285
Mohawk 1,345 600 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,560 700 860 6,635 3,230 3,405
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 550 235 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 325 410 1,620 790 830
Bulgarian 4,040 1,955 2,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,915 2,350 2,565 9,500 4,690 4,815
Albertan 100 35 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 40 70 410 175 240
Ghanaian 1,735 925 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,070 1,105 960 3,385 1,795 1,590
Barbadian 2,410 1,195 1,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,935 1,440 1,500 4,840 2,455 2,390
African American 1,600 790 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,775 875 900 3,255 1,640 1,610
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 825 450 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 510 445 2,310 1,205 1,110
Tunisian 11,510 6,360 5,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,345 6,770 5,580 26,015 14,280 11,735
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,350 615 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 740 875 2,885 1,425 1,455
Cuban 3,770 1,915 1,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,040 2,055 1,990 10,280 5,255 5,030
Bosnian 510 245 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 285 300 2,415 1,265 1,150
Venezuelan 3,895 1,730 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,235 1,900 2,335 8,690 4,045 4,640
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 1,610 705 905 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,680 725 955 23,940 11,480 12,455
Latvian 625 330 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 505 560 1,640 760 875
Bengali 3,570 1,775 1,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,725 1,840 1,890 4,560 2,275 2,285
Cameroonian 6,740 3,360 3,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,890 3,435 3,455 18,610 9,100 9,510
Guatemalan 4,875 2,545 2,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,005 2,605 2,400 10,375 5,800 4,570
Indonesian 1,000 455 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,170 530 645 1,970 835 1,135
Laotian 2,510 1,280 1,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,605 1,320 1,290 7,485 3,675 3,810
Ilocano 1,085 525 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,285 625 660 1,445 705 745
Northern Irish 310 160 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 210 205 1,200 595 600
Celtic, n.o.s.150 585 295 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 355 365 1,695 890 800
British Columbian 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 280 110 170
Ecuadorian 1,190 565 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,295 595 705 2,550 1,205 1,345
Franco Ontarian 675 355 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 785 405 380 4,245 2,080 2,165
Argentinian 2,545 1,310 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,065 1,550 1,520 5,890 2,965 2,925
Estonian 365 215 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 285 245 885 450 435
Kurdish 1,470 840 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 895 675 2,805 1,615 1,190
Fijian 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 50 15 35
Jatt 390 185 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 230 230 605 290 315
North American, n.o.s.151 715 370 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 790 405 380 6,565 3,400 3,160
Coptic 2,240 1,170 1,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,740 1,445 1,295 4,750 2,465 2,290
Thai 1,150 395 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,255 440 815 3,230 1,185 2,040
Dominican 5,245 2,460 2,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,545 2,590 2,950 10,875 5,075 5,800
Nepali 430 240 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 275 210 980 505 475
Kabyle 10,940 5,660 5,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,165 5,780 5,380 19,520 10,085 9,440
Assyrian 345 150 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 195 280 835 395 440
Igbo 565 325 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 375 260 880 535 340
Byelorussian 1,090 555 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,360 690 670 2,825 1,360 1,465
Dene, n.o.s.152 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 70 40 30
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 100 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 50 60 430 210 220
Abenaki 1,685 750 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,795 795 1,000 16,400 7,610 8,790
Moldovan 3,295 1,630 1,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,845 1,880 1,965 9,595 4,655 4,945
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 1,120 500 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,200 540 660 8,890 4,275 4,615
New Zealander 265 150 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 190 125 625 360 265
Sudanese 300 155 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 180 180 500 245 255
Breton 3,775 1,765 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,980 1,885 2,095 15,500 7,725 7,775
Pennsylvania Dutch 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 140 50 90
Malaysian 375 205 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 220 195 840 405 440
Plains Cree 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 180 95 90
North African, n.o.s.155 5,440 2,890 2,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,070 3,225 2,845 10,290 5,465 4,825
Huron (Wendat) 1,425 655 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,480 675 805 12,745 6,210 6,530
Saskatchewanian 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 25 45 245 110 130
Buddhist 690 295 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 790 345 450 1,365 635 730
Gaspesian 1,565 705 860 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,640 740 900 14,470 6,695 7,780
Norman 1,850 905 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,915 950 970 11,125 5,595 5,530
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 260 105 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 140 175 475 225 250
Ivorian 3,370 1,610 1,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,465 1,650 1,820 11,565 5,660 5,905
Saulteaux 35 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 15 155 80 80
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 140 60 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 60 85 1,485 750 735
Burundian 2,120 1,025 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,185 1,045 1,140 7,640 3,675 3,970
Tigrinya 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 215 160 410 230 185
Nicaraguan 1,255 630 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,320 650 670 2,845 1,480 1,365
Mauritian 1,955 1,080 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,165 1,185 990 5,770 3,070 2,700
Kenyan 210 95 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 105 135 525 245 280
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 20 65 25 40
Vincentian 2,215 885 1,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,385 945 1,440 3,135 1,295 1,840
Jordanian 770 430 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 510 400 1,455 815 635
Manitoban 110 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 55 65 480 225 255
Cape Bretoner 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 50 205 95 110
Rwandan 2,125 975 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,250 1,025 1,225 6,315 2,940 3,380
Grenadian 910 350 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 410 630 1,445 590 850
Malayali 335 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 210 180 450 235 215
Chaldean 110 40 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 80 265 115 155
Sinhalese 310 150 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 185 210 520 255 265
Mayan 1,695 900 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,770 915 850 3,420 1,790 1,630
Honduran 2,260 1,015 1,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,345 1,075 1,265 4,025 1,940 2,080
Cherokee 195 90 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 125 640 320 315
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 55 15 40
Indo-Caribbean 280 135 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 155 180 500 220 280
Flemish 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 280 280 1,595 830 765
United Empire Loyalist 90 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 65 75 340 180 160
Senegalese 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,210 1,610 1,600 8,040 4,115 3,925
Azerbaijani 510 260 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 330 345 990 500 490
Sicilian 970 495 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,080 555 530 2,155 1,105 1,050
Pashtun 475 245 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 275 230 750 410 335
Malay 300 135 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 160 185 495 215 280
Goan 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 90 105 300 140 165
Bantu, n.o.s.158 1,635 815 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,755 865 890 4,405 2,215 2,195
Tibetan 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 75 260 125 135
Zimbabwean 180 105 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 120 95 425 225 200
Burmese 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 110 135 580 265 320
Mongolian 480 210 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 650 295 355 1,165 550 620
Azorean 730 310 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 315 415 2,010 910 1,095
Atikamekw 325 145 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 145 180 8,265 4,200 4,065
Bamileke 2,160 1,115 1,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,250 1,155 1,095 6,515 3,295 3,225
Indo-Guyanese 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 70 70 180 90 90
Ugandan 100 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 65 60 240 100 145
Oromo 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 90 50 45
Tanzanian 175 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 100 100 485 250 240
Yemeni 515 275 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 620 340 280 795 435 365
Central African 1,415 675 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,450 685 765 5,620 2,670 2,950
Libyan 590 320 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 345 315 980 485 495
Basque 980 515 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 570 525 3,800 1,950 1,850
Uruguayan 785 450 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 510 365 1,995 1,055 945
Akan, n.o.s.159 545 270 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 290 295 1,870 925 945
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 870 500 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 520 380 1,975 1,045 930
Igorot 290 105 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 125 210 340 130 210
Fulani 2,380 1,260 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,470 1,305 1,165 5,445 2,800 2,645
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 20
Guinean 2,670 1,375 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,760 1,420 1,335 5,530 2,805 2,725
St. Lucian 255 100 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 120 185 520 240 280
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 45 65
Maliseet 200 70 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 75 140 3,070 1,470 1,605
Beninese 2,000 1,140 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,100 1,200 900 4,790 2,620 2,170
Telugu 180 125 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 130 55 320 205 115
Roma 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 135 525 270 250
Costa Rican 720 425 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 450 350 1,815 1,005 815
African Nova Scotian 215 105 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 110 120 365 180 180
Malagasy 1,625 755 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,680 795 890 5,215 2,580 2,630
Kashmiri 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 70 45 280 160 125
Singaporean 75 55 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 70 30 160 100 65
Karen 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 55 30 30
Edo 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 155 185 425 195 230
Tajik 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 80 635 300 335
Amhara 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 50 160 85 75
Paraguayan 90 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 40 60 315 145 175
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,723,230 851,610 871,620 530 265 270 850 415 430 1,959,360 965,675 993,685 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620
Buddhist 26,395 11,650 14,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,350 12,580 15,775 48,365 21,395 26,980
Christian 853,205 397,365 455,840 465 230 240 585 275 310 969,945 451,410 518,540 5,385,240 2,596,385 2,788,855
Christian, n.o.s.162 105,435 50,405 55,035 50 20 35 110 55 55 116,635 55,545 61,090 464,020 229,155 234,860
Anabaptist 195 80 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 120 160 800 365 435
Anglican 9,480 4,260 5,220 0 0 0 10 10 0 14,835 6,640 8,190 55,290 26,065 29,230
Baptist 11,620 5,335 6,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,890 5,955 6,940 33,755 15,875 17,885
Catholic 602,630 280,655 321,975 240 120 120 335 155 180 675,695 314,690 361,010 4,472,555 2,156,595 2,315,960
Christian Orthodox 55,730 26,490 29,235 0 0 0 75 35 40 68,635 32,680 35,950 145,805 70,840 74,965
Jehovah's Witness 6,790 2,720 4,070 0 0 0 30 10 15 7,225 2,890 4,335 27,970 12,060 15,910
Latter Day Saints 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 555 665 4,600 2,190 2,405
Lutheran 1,510 685 825 0 0 0 15 0 15 2,255 1,000 1,255 4,875 2,260 2,615
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 840 400 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,055 495 560 2,255 1,070 1,185
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,860 6,485 8,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,130 6,980 9,150 39,700 17,955 21,735
Presbyterian 2,615 1,230 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,910 1,850 2,065 8,010 3,830 4,180
Reformed 310 150 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 180 230 1,220 620 600
United Church 3,950 1,655 2,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 2,800 4,005 19,595 8,645 10,945
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 36,100 16,305 19,790 105 60 50 0 0 0 41,965 19,030 22,935 104,790 48,840 55,950
Hindu 30,430 16,600 13,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,615 19,215 16,405 47,390 25,045 22,345
Jewish 35,930 17,990 17,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 73,900 36,055 37,840 84,530 41,470 43,065
Muslim 218,395 113,570 104,820 0 0 0 55 25 25 233,440 121,145 112,290 421,710 218,255 203,455
Sikh 15,630 8,360 7,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,820 9,590 8,225 23,345 12,385 10,960
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 205 80 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 80 135 3,790 1,900 1,895
Other religions and spiritual traditions 8,860 4,145 4,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,925 4,610 5,315 26,385 12,370 14,010
No religion and secular perspectives 534,180 281,845 252,340 55 35 25 185 105 85 590,140 310,985 279,165 2,267,720 1,197,655 1,070,065
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,706,230 842,970 863,255 525 260 260 830 415 420 1,940,495 956,130 984,365 8,228,540 4,085,665 4,142,870
Non-movers 1,471,775 723,745 748,030 515 260 250 750 370 380 1,685,130 826,630 858,500 7,283,250 3,618,915 3,664,330
Movers 234,450 119,225 115,230 10 0 10 80 40 40 255,365 129,500 125,865 945,290 466,750 478,540
Non-migrants 174,665 88,775 85,895 10 0 0 75 40 35 186,805 94,745 92,055 543,670 268,740 274,925
Migrants 59,790 30,455 29,335 0 0 0 10 0 10 68,560 34,750 33,810 401,625 198,010 203,615
Internal migrants 31,510 15,825 15,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,680 18,795 18,885 349,095 170,740 178,355
Intraprovincial migrants 22,730 11,190 11,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,865 13,660 14,205 321,005 156,550 164,455
Interprovincial migrants 8,780 4,635 4,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,810 5,130 4,680 28,085 14,185 13,895
External migrants 28,280 14,630 13,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,885 15,960 14,925 52,530 27,270 25,265
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,634,705 806,720 827,980 510 260 250 815 400 415 1,860,375 915,410 944,970 7,886,185 3,909,425 3,976,760
Non-movers 890,430 431,050 459,385 350 180 170 530 260 270 1,038,900 502,160 536,740 4,810,540 2,390,480 2,420,060
Movers 744,270 375,675 368,595 160 80 80 280 140 145 821,475 413,250 408,230 3,075,650 1,518,950 1,556,700
Non-migrants 416,555 207,830 208,725 120 60 60 160 75 85 433,700 216,030 217,670 1,312,590 644,860 667,730
Migrants 327,720 167,840 159,875 40 25 20 130 65 60 387,770 197,215 190,560 1,763,060 874,090 888,970
Internal migrants 145,860 72,315 73,545 35 20 20 80 45 35 190,035 93,955 96,075 1,442,970 707,975 734,995
Intraprovincial migrants 118,675 58,715 59,960 35 20 20 80 45 35 159,710 78,770 80,940 1,359,165 666,050 693,115
Interprovincial migrants 27,185 13,600 13,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,325 15,190 15,135 83,805 41,925 41,880
External migrants 181,860 95,525 86,335 0 0 0 45 20 25 197,735 103,260 94,485 320,090 166,115 153,975
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 445 215 230 730 350 380 1,650,135 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 253,885 125,810 128,075 105 55 50 60 25 40 274,820 136,500 138,320 1,426,055 773,160 652,895
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 1,199,415 587,940 611,470 340 165 175 675 330 345 1,375,315 671,055 704,255 5,492,670 2,641,355 2,851,320
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,205 492,180 489,025 280 145 130 480 250 230 1,097,000 547,645 549,355 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 115,240 62,335 52,905 55 30 30 20 10 10 121,295 65,950 55,345 642,800 382,415 260,380
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 865,970 429,855 436,115 220 120 105 465 235 225 975,700 481,690 494,005 3,791,730 1,826,340 1,965,390
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 450 220 225 735 355 380 1,650,135 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
No certificate, diploma or degree 228,310 111,220 117,090 75 40 40 40 0 35 247,460 120,840 126,625 1,256,550 656,495 600,060
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 281,440 143,785 137,655 145 65 80 155 80 75 319,755 162,520 157,240 1,482,020 719,250 762,770
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 943,545 458,740 484,805 230 120 110 540 265 275 1,082,915 524,200 558,715 4,180,150 2,038,775 2,141,380
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 420,630 208,325 212,310 180 100 80 240 110 130 473,060 232,855 240,210 2,551,215 1,297,600 1,253,615
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 135,320 75,570 59,755 85 60 25 55 45 15 146,170 81,740 64,425 1,096,360 666,925 429,435
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 98,575 50,165 48,415 70 40 25 40 35 10 106,110 54,025 52,085 793,030 427,220 365,815
Apprenticeship certificate169 36,750 25,405 11,335 15 15 0 20 15 0 40,055 27,715 12,340 303,330 239,705 63,620
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 226,630 107,020 119,610 80 35 45 165 60 110 260,845 122,345 138,495 1,202,040 528,525 673,515
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 58,675 25,735 32,945 15 10 10 20 10 10 66,045 28,760 37,285 252,815 102,150 150,665
Bachelor's degree or higher 522,915 250,415 272,500 45 20 30 295 155 140 609,855 291,355 318,505 1,628,940 741,170 887,765
Bachelor's degree 294,530 137,550 156,980 35 10 25 195 100 90 344,605 160,320 184,285 1,011,695 443,295 568,405
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 51,000 23,685 27,315 0 0 0 30 15 15 58,945 27,280 31,665 149,425 66,595 82,825
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 13,135 6,300 6,830 0 0 0 15 0 15 16,885 8,385 8,500 43,755 20,810 22,940
Master's degree 138,940 68,590 70,355 0 0 0 40 25 15 159,510 78,325 81,190 360,795 174,150 186,645
Earned doctorate171 25,315 14,295 11,025 0 0 0 25 15 0 29,905 17,040 12,865 63,270 36,320 26,955
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,210 492,185 489,025 275 145 135 480 250 235 1,097,000 547,645 549,355 4,434,525 2,208,760 2,225,765
No certificate, diploma or degree 97,670 52,760 44,910 40 20 20 0 0 0 102,815 55,805 47,015 525,155 303,815 221,345
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 146,020 79,740 66,280 65 30 30 70 45 25 162,205 88,420 73,785 752,855 388,160 364,700
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 737,515 359,680 377,835 180 95 80 410 205 200 831,975 403,420 428,555 3,156,515 1,516,785 1,639,730
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 302,205 152,275 149,925 135 80 55 165 75 90 333,160 167,260 165,895 1,849,290 942,950 906,335
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 103,365 56,740 46,625 70 50 20 45 30 10 110,390 60,690 49,700 836,455 498,385 338,075
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 76,115 38,060 38,055 55 35 20 30 25 10 81,090 40,585 40,505 609,895 319,470 290,425
Apprenticeship certificate169 27,250 18,680 8,565 15 15 0 10 10 0 29,300 20,105 9,195 226,565 178,915 47,650
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 155,015 75,780 79,230 50 25 30 110 40 75 174,185 84,745 89,445 838,140 372,455 465,685
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 43,825 19,755 24,070 15 0 0 15 0 0 48,580 21,830 26,755 174,695 72,115 102,580
Bachelor's degree or higher 435,315 207,405 227,905 40 15 20 240 130 115 498,815 236,155 262,665 1,307,225 573,835 733,395
Bachelor's degree 239,785 112,440 127,345 40 15 20 160 85 80 276,640 128,890 147,745 802,755 343,100 459,650
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 42,855 19,650 23,205 0 0 0 15 10 0 48,390 21,995 26,395 119,460 50,155 69,310
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10,470 4,595 5,875 0 0 0 15 0 10 12,900 5,750 7,150 33,445 13,520 19,920
Master's degree 121,575 59,570 62,010 0 0 0 35 25 15 137,150 66,720 70,430 302,065 140,530 161,530
Earned doctorate171 20,630 11,160 9,475 0 0 0 15 10 0 23,735 12,795 10,935 49,500 26,520 22,985
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 445 220 225 735 355 380 1,650,135 807,555 842,580 6,918,725 3,414,515 3,504,215
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 509,755 255,010 254,740 220 100 120 195 85 110 567,220 283,355 283,860 2,738,575 1,375,740 1,362,830
Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 0 0 0 30 10 25 56,030 12,985 43,045 292,470 65,830 226,640
13. Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 0 0 0 30 10 25 56,030 12,985 43,045 292,470 65,830 226,640
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 63,605 30,650 32,955 15 0 10 25 10 20 69,210 32,705 36,505 166,900 75,420 91,480
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 7,690 5,340 2,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,075 5,620 2,455 23,530 16,540 6,990
50. Visual and performing arts 55,915 25,310 30,600 15 0 10 25 10 20 61,135 27,085 34,045 143,365 58,875 84,490
Humanities 69,055 27,655 41,405 0 0 0 20 10 10 78,920 30,815 48,110 228,770 90,810 137,960
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 13,280 3,420 9,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,135 3,710 11,430 35,440 8,360 27,080
23. English language and literature/letters 7,005 2,310 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,800 2,825 5,970 14,855 4,790 10,065
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 24,785 10,755 14,030 0 0 0 10 0 0 28,165 11,870 16,295 107,105 44,755 62,345
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 750 270 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 935 325 605 2,195 825 1,365
38. Philosophy and religious studies 4,470 2,710 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,015 2,980 2,035 11,135 6,895 4,240
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,895 1,240 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,225 1,440 780 9,385 5,650 3,735
54. History 5,890 3,170 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,815 3,655 3,160 17,420 9,975 7,445
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 10,980 3,785 7,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,835 4,005 7,835 31,240 9,565 21,680
Social and behavioural sciences and law 135,105 49,230 85,875 30 0 25 75 25 50 157,220 58,185 99,040 430,845 142,280 288,570
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,930 580 1,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,145 640 1,510 4,980 1,515 3,460
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 21,825 7,570 14,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,760 8,265 15,495 57,080 19,060 38,020
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 16,140 1,820 14,315 10 0 10 10 0 10 18,245 2,110 16,130 79,155 6,625 72,535
22. Legal professions and studies 24,300 9,690 14,610 0 0 0 20 0 15 28,365 11,670 16,690 77,880 29,725 48,160
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,725 1,115 2,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,005 1,235 2,770 12,015 3,185 8,825
42. Psychology 18,040 4,375 13,670 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,400 5,075 16,330 65,230 15,095 50,135
45. Social sciences 49,145 24,080 25,070 10 0 0 35 15 20 59,300 29,185 30,110 134,510 67,065 67,440
Business, management and public administration 212,570 93,910 118,660 45 15 25 125 60 60 248,895 110,950 137,945 950,820 357,290 593,535
30.16 Accounting and computer science 195 110 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 125 105 780 305 475
44. Public administration and social service professions 10,270 2,590 7,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,535 2,785 8,745 55,355 12,215 43,145
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 202,105 91,205 110,895 45 15 25 120 55 60 237,125 108,040 129,090 894,690 344,770 549,925
Physical and life sciences and technologies 48,295 25,025 23,270 0 0 0 30 20 15 57,445 29,770 27,670 158,655 83,605 75,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 19,755 8,140 11,615 0 0 0 10 10 0 23,060 9,475 13,585 57,680 23,925 33,755
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,970 4,260 3,710 0 0 0 10 0 10 10,555 5,610 4,945 25,605 14,230 11,375
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 4,885 2,495 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,355 2,735 2,620 24,115 11,710 12,400
40. Physical sciences 14,030 9,170 4,855 0 0 0 15 10 10 16,655 10,925 5,725 42,530 29,180 13,350
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,650 965 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,825 1,025 800 8,730 4,560 4,165
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 58,555 41,475 17,080 15 10 0 20 10 15 65,435 46,010 19,420 177,780 124,955 52,825
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 47,925 35,890 12,030 10 10 0 15 10 10 53,075 39,595 13,480 147,845 110,915 36,930
25. Library science 3,205 810 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,720 895 2,825 11,610 2,255 9,355
27. Mathematics and statistics 6,060 3,785 2,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,120 4,425 2,695 15,160 9,515 5,645
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,365 995 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,515 1,095 425 3,170 2,270 900
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 153,375 127,040 26,335 65 65 0 145 115 30 173,380 143,615 29,765 866,885 778,835 88,060
04. Architecture and related services 11,945 6,400 5,550 0 0 0 15 0 15 13,085 7,045 6,040 33,975 19,075 14,895
14. Engineering 67,700 52,785 14,915 10 10 0 60 50 0 78,800 61,515 17,290 181,290 147,120 34,170
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,350 20,890 3,460 10 10 0 40 25 15 27,365 23,480 3,885 161,440 141,185 20,255
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 45 180 65 115
46. Construction trades 19,805 18,840 970 20 20 0 0 0 0 21,310 20,295 1,010 189,550 182,910 6,635
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 18,350 17,680 675 25 25 0 15 15 0 20,645 19,920 730 179,610 173,605 6,010
48. Precision production 11,150 10,425 725 0 0 0 15 10 0 12,110 11,340 775 120,835 114,865 5,975
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,155 5,040 5,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,685 5,720 5,960 99,230 60,010 39,225
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,670 3,340 3,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,725 3,820 3,900 64,510 34,415 30,100
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,490 1,700 1,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,960 1,895 2,060 34,715 25,595 9,125
Health and related fields 106,500 26,315 80,185 35 0 30 45 0 40 122,295 30,795 91,495 515,215 101,455 413,760
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 6,050 3,110 2,945 0 0 0 10 0 10 6,950 3,490 3,460 29,140 14,930 14,215
51. Health professions and related programs178 95,775 20,920 74,855 35 0 30 35 0 30 109,185 24,140 85,045 470,150 78,875 391,275
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 170 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 110 125 845 270 575
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 4,505 2,215 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,925 3,060 2,865 15,080 7,385 7,700
Personal, protective and transportation services 38,585 20,835 17,750 15 15 0 20 10 10 42,230 22,590 19,640 291,295 157,925 133,365
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 24,500 9,050 15,445 0 0 0 10 0 0 26,800 9,745 17,060 154,335 42,710 111,625
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 40 0 355 320 35
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 160 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 170 0 1,450 1,300 145
43. Security and protective services 6,385 4,920 1,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,855 5,225 1,630 57,625 43,715 13,905
49. Transportation and materials moving 7,525 6,685 840 0 0 0 10 0 0 8,355 7,410 945 77,545 69,880 7,660
Other179 165 45 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 55 125 1,280 370 905
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 981,205 492,180 489,025 280 150 135 480 250 230 1,097,000 547,645 549,355 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 243,690 132,500 111,190 105 50 55 75 45 30 265,025 144,230 120,800 1,278,015 691,975 586,035
Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 0 0 0 10 0 10 38,405 8,860 29,545 195,595 39,630 155,965
13. Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 0 0 0 10 0 10 38,405 8,860 29,545 195,595 39,630 155,965
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 50,935 25,035 25,900 0 0 0 20 0 20 54,840 26,500 28,340 129,065 58,170 70,895
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 6,360 4,440 1,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,635 4,630 2,005 18,205 12,610 5,590
50. Visual and performing arts 44,575 20,595 23,980 0 0 0 20 0 20 48,205 21,870 26,335 110,860 45,555 65,305
Humanities 46,970 18,990 27,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,565 20,765 31,805 144,140 56,410 87,730
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 10,150 2,655 7,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,310 2,805 8,510 26,015 5,955 20,065
23. English language and literature/letters 5,430 1,810 3,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,465 2,100 4,365 10,825 3,320 7,510
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 14,680 6,710 7,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,385 7,290 9,100 61,125 26,395 34,730
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 530 180 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 205 415 1,415 485 930
38. Philosophy and religious studies 3,255 1,965 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,605 2,150 1,455 7,300 4,485 2,815
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,090 765 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,295 890 405 4,765 3,040 1,725
54. History 4,355 2,340 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,670 2,300 12,190 6,880 5,305
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 7,470 2,560 4,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,920 2,660 5,255 20,500 5,850 14,650
Social and behavioural sciences and law 106,455 38,085 68,370 25 0 20 60 20 40 121,985 44,105 77,880 334,475 103,635 230,840
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,550 480 1,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,715 520 1,190 3,905 1,180 2,725
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 18,665 6,420 12,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,165 6,920 13,245 47,510 15,360 32,155
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 12,815 1,340 11,475 10 0 10 10 0 10 14,380 1,525 12,850 64,690 4,665 60,025
22. Legal professions and studies 19,485 7,385 12,100 0 0 0 15 0 15 22,425 8,630 13,785 59,965 20,645 39,325
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 2,760 840 1,925 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,935 915 2,020 8,380 2,320 6,060
42. Psychology 13,520 3,205 10,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,795 3,645 12,150 48,920 10,080 38,835
45. Social sciences 37,670 18,415 19,255 10 0 0 25 10 15 44,580 21,945 22,635 101,105 49,385 51,720
Business, management and public administration 173,115 76,040 97,075 35 10 25 100 50 50 199,525 87,920 111,600 741,390 268,705 472,685
30.16 Accounting and computer science 165 90 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 105 90 545 245 300
44. Public administration and social service professions 8,055 2,070 5,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,920 2,215 6,705 43,070 8,735 34,335
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 164,900 73,875 91,030 35 10 25 95 45 50 190,410 85,600 104,810 697,775 259,725 438,045
Physical and life sciences and technologies 32,990 16,980 16,010 0 0 0 20 20 0 37,905 19,350 18,560 102,055 53,195 48,865
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 16,185 6,735 9,450 0 0 0 10 10 0 18,535 7,670 10,860 46,430 18,895 27,530
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 3,955 2,115 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,885 2,570 2,310 13,010 7,225 5,780
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,310 725 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,385 765 625 5,205 3,155 2,050
40. Physical sciences 10,390 6,710 3,680 0 0 0 10 10 0 11,860 7,610 4,250 31,410 20,760 10,650
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,150 700 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,240 735 510 6,010 3,155 2,855
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 48,495 34,620 13,875 15 10 0 25 10 15 53,860 38,275 15,590 147,350 104,880 42,465
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 40,770 30,640 10,130 0 0 0 15 10 10 45,135 33,805 11,335 126,845 95,720 31,120
25. Library science 2,310 595 1,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,550 635 1,915 7,990 1,480 6,510
27. Mathematics and statistics 4,525 2,760 1,765 10 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 3,140 2,040 10,365 6,250 4,115
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 890 625 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 690 305 2,145 1,435 710
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 123,175 100,630 22,545 45 45 0 105 80 30 137,395 112,025 25,370 665,365 588,950 76,415
04. Architecture and related services 10,010 5,255 4,750 0 0 0 15 0 15 10,855 5,700 5,155 27,250 14,670 12,580
14. Engineering 57,935 44,795 13,135 10 10 0 40 40 0 66,210 51,090 15,115 152,450 121,715 30,735
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 18,540 15,920 2,620 0 0 0 35 25 10 20,510 17,545 2,955 121,270 104,235 17,035
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 45 170 65 105
46. Construction trades 15,040 14,235 805 20 20 0 0 0 0 16,030 15,195 835 142,000 136,435 5,570
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 13,695 13,120 575 15 15 0 10 10 0 15,275 14,660 615 133,660 128,555 5,100
48. Precision production 7,890 7,285 605 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,455 7,805 650 88,560 83,270 5,290
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,675 4,150 4,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,845 4,635 5,210 79,190 45,870 33,320
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,650 2,705 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,465 3,045 3,415 51,620 26,290 25,335
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,020 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,380 1,585 1,795 27,565 19,580 7,985
Health and related fields 82,510 20,560 61,950 35 0 30 35 0 30 92,595 23,265 69,330 387,725 74,730 312,995
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 4,900 2,500 2,395 0 0 0 10 0 10 5,570 2,765 2,805 22,615 11,045 11,565
51. Health professions and related programs178 73,950 16,430 57,525 35 0 30 25 0 20 82,410 18,370 64,045 352,905 58,735 294,170
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 145 50 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 75 115 730 180 550
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 3,510 1,570 1,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,425 2,055 2,370 11,475 4,765 6,710
Personal, protective and transportation services 30,275 16,455 13,825 10 10 0 15 10 10 32,910 17,695 15,220 229,120 122,320 106,800
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 19,020 6,985 12,035 0 0 0 10 0 0 20,670 7,455 13,220 120,395 31,320 89,075
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 35 0 280 250 30
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 95 0 900 770 125
43. Security and protective services 5,050 3,915 1,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,410 4,150 1,260 45,820 34,595 11,230
49. Transportation and materials moving 6,095 5,435 655 0 0 0 10 0 0 6,695 5,960 735 61,730 55,385 6,340
Other179 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 30 110 1,040 290 750
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 981,205 492,180 489,025 280 150 135 480 250 230 1,097,000 547,645 549,355 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 243,690 132,500 111,190 105 50 55 75 45 30 265,025 144,230 120,800 1,278,015 691,975 586,035
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 737,515 359,685 377,835 175 100 80 405 200 205 831,975 403,415 428,560 3,156,515 1,516,785 1,639,730
Location of study inside Canada 529,195 254,400 274,795 160 85 80 300 155 145 598,455 286,340 312,115 2,742,030 1,307,625 1,434,400
Same as province or territory of residence 503,230 241,010 262,225 155 75 80 290 145 140 566,540 270,160 296,380 2,625,165 1,249,755 1,375,410
Different than province or territory of residence 25,965 13,390 12,570 0 0 0 10 10 0 31,915 16,180 15,735 116,855 57,870 58,990
Location of study outside Canada182 208,320 105,280 103,040 20 15 0 100 45 55 233,520 117,075 116,445 414,490 209,160 205,330
Americas 36,730 18,600 18,130 20 15 0 10 0 0 41,560 21,015 20,550 81,780 40,955 40,820
United States of America 10,760 6,075 4,690 0 0 0 10 0 0 13,525 7,585 5,945 22,720 12,785 9,930
Mexico 4,800 2,245 2,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,165 2,400 2,770 9,685 4,330 5,350
Cuba 1,340 685 660 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,440 735 705 3,325 1,770 1,555
Haiti 5,065 2,775 2,295 10 10 0 0 0 0 5,155 2,830 2,325 9,100 4,860 4,245
Jamaica 110 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 215 125 95
Brazil 3,765 1,800 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,100 1,950 2,150 8,640 4,105 4,540
Colombia 3,560 1,695 1,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,860 1,790 2,065 11,880 5,550 6,340
Peru 1,375 580 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 625 845 3,210 1,335 1,875
Venezuela95 1,680 680 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,870 775 1,090 3,615 1,525 2,090
Other locations of study in Americas 4,265 1,995 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,850 2,255 2,595 9,395 4,580 4,815
Europe 68,060 36,130 31,930 0 0 0 30 15 25 74,705 39,515 35,190 138,260 74,045 64,210
Belgium 1,775 910 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 950 920 4,415 2,385 2,030
France 41,640 22,775 18,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,480 23,805 19,675 77,225 43,085 34,135
Germany 1,035 560 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,240 665 575 2,410 1,335 1,070
Netherlands 465 260 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 300 225 935 530 415
Switzerland 965 570 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,085 610 475 2,520 1,425 1,090
Hungary 195 105 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 125 105 370 190 180
Moldova183 1,825 870 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,155 1,030 1,125 5,245 2,500 2,750
Poland 815 285 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 345 620 1,700 620 1,080
Romania 3,250 1,665 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,030 2,045 1,975 10,370 5,330 5,040
Russian Federation 2,410 1,105 1,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,350 1,615 5,330 2,420 2,905
Ukraine 2,045 895 1,150 0 0 0 10 0 0 2,410 1,075 1,340 4,615 2,105 2,510
Ireland96 285 190 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 225 110 465 290 175
United Kingdom87 4,680 2,520 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,815 3,140 2,680 8,955 4,885 4,070
Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 75 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 715 360 360
Italy 1,325 760 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,460 820 640 2,330 1,345 985
Serbia86 115 40 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 50 95 345 155 180
Other locations of study in Europe 5,105 2,535 2,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,870 2,905 2,965 10,325 5,080 5,245
Africa 48,445 25,700 22,745 0 0 0 10 0 0 50,645 26,790 23,860 95,260 49,800 45,460
Nigeria 1,230 655 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,430 740 690 1,835 955 880
Algeria 19,210 9,980 9,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,530 10,160 9,370 30,560 15,715 14,850
Morocco 9,515 4,945 4,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,845 5,080 4,765 19,240 9,910 9,330
Tunisia 4,555 2,570 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,725 2,660 2,060 10,865 6,135 4,730
Egypt 3,025 1,615 1,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,655 1,900 1,760 6,245 3,170 3,075
South Africa, Republic of 250 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 165 180 585 290 295
Other locations of study in Africa 10,660 5,840 4,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,115 6,080 5,030 25,925 13,620 12,310
Asia 53,780 24,120 29,655 0 0 0 45 20 25 65,125 28,945 36,180 96,865 43,055 53,805
Iran88 5,230 2,440 2,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,025 3,280 3,745 9,440 4,365 5,075
Iraq 330 180 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 215 210 795 380 415
Israel 520 285 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 950 480 465 1,315 650 665
Lebanon 4,185 2,105 2,075 0 0 0 20 15 0 4,800 2,370 2,430 9,840 4,795 5,050
Syria89 3,120 1,480 1,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,465 1,630 1,830 5,960 2,795 3,165
Turkey 695 400 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 475 350 1,210 685 525
China90 9,950 4,420 5,540 0 0 0 10 0 0 13,220 5,865 7,360 20,740 9,165 11,570
Taiwan 365 150 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 180 260 665 235 430
Hong Kong91 230 110 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 130 150 405 170 235
Japan 800 300 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 905 330 575 1,395 435 955
Korea, South92 1,265 435 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,625 560 1,065 2,275 820 1,450
Philippines 8,890 2,860 6,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,585 3,395 7,190 14,170 4,975 9,195
Viet Nam 1,125 415 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,225 445 780 1,730 590 1,135
Bangladesh 2,020 1,065 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,070 1,095 980 2,530 1,315 1,215
Sri Lanka 645 240 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 715 275 445 970 410 565
India 9,500 4,925 4,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,915 5,585 5,330 13,730 6,885 6,845
Pakistan 1,165 575 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,410 705 705 2,210 1,080 1,125
Other locations of study in Asia 3,745 1,750 1,995 0 0 0 10 0 10 4,240 1,925 2,310 7,490 3,285 4,205
Oceania 1,305 730 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,475 820 660 2,325 1,300 1,025
Australia 1,095 610 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,210 665 545 1,795 1,010 785
New Zealand 165 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 130 95 400 215 185
Other locations of study in Oceania 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 20 130 75 55
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 450 220 225 735 355 380 1,650,135 807,560 842,575 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210
In the labour force 959,135 498,125 461,010 280 135 140 490 275 220 1,081,640 561,340 520,295 4,435,465 2,302,595 2,132,870
Employed 859,920 445,255 414,665 270 130 140 445 260 185 971,245 502,885 468,360 4,100,450 2,126,350 1,974,095
Unemployed 99,210 52,870 46,345 10 10 0 45 15 35 110,395 58,460 51,935 335,015 176,245 158,775
Not in the labour force 494,165 215,620 278,540 170 85 85 245 80 160 568,495 246,215 322,280 2,483,265 1,111,920 1,371,340
Participation rate 66.0 69.8 62.3 62.2 61.4 62.2 66.7 77.5 57.9 65.5 69.5 61.8 64.1 67.4 60.9
Employment rate 59.2 62.4 56.1 60.0 59.1 62.2 60.5 73.2 48.7 58.9 62.3 55.6 59.3 62.3 56.3
Unemployment rate 10.3 10.6 10.1 3.6 7.4 0.0 9.2 5.5 15.9 10.2 10.4 10.0 7.6 7.7 7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 445 220 225 735 355 380 1,650,135 807,555 842,580 6,918,725 3,414,515 3,504,215
Did not work186 508,670 222,700 285,970 165 95 70 250 75 170 582,470 253,075 329,400 2,442,685 1,085,560 1,357,125
Worked 944,630 491,050 453,580 285 125 155 485 275 205 1,067,665 554,490 513,175 4,476,045 2,328,960 2,147,085
Worked full year full time187 464,805 252,405 212,400 175 90 85 250 155 105 529,400 287,950 241,450 2,360,025 1,281,245 1,078,775
Worked part year and/or part time188 479,820 238,645 241,180 110 35 75 230 130 105 538,265 266,540 271,725 2,116,020 1,047,710 1,068,310
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.7 40.1 39.2 44.8 47.6 42.8 40.8 40.4 41.4 39.7 40.2 39.3 41.3 41.7 40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 959,130 498,125 461,010 275 135 140 490 275 215 1,081,635 561,345 520,295 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870
Class of worker - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 0 0 0 15 0 15 31,515 15,365 16,150 90,550 43,585 46,970
All classes of workers191 930,570 484,150 446,425 275 135 140 475 275 205 1,050,120 545,980 504,150 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905
Employee 811,850 411,090 400,750 265 125 140 400 225 180 907,745 457,830 449,915 3,814,195 1,934,455 1,879,740
Permanent position 661,995 340,865 321,135 230 105 125 335 185 150 741,830 380,445 361,385 3,190,685 1,637,795 1,552,885
Temporary position 149,850 70,230 79,620 30 20 15 65 40 25 165,915 77,385 88,530 623,510 296,655 326,850
Fixed term (1 year or more) 63,645 28,710 34,935 0 0 0 45 35 10 69,690 31,285 38,405 217,905 94,210 123,700
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 86,205 41,520 44,685 20 10 15 20 10 15 96,225 46,100 50,120 405,605 202,450 203,155
Self-employed192 118,725 73,050 45,670 20 10 0 75 50 30 142,380 88,145 54,230 530,720 324,555 206,165
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 959,130 498,125 461,010 275 135 140 490 275 215 1,081,635 561,345 520,295 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870
Occupation - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 0 0 0 15 0 15 31,515 15,365 16,150 90,550 43,585 46,970
All occupations191 930,570 484,150 446,425 275 135 140 475 275 205 1,050,120 545,980 504,150 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 14,540 10,000 4,545 0 0 0 10 10 0 19,090 13,485 5,600 79,745 57,370 22,370
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 180,355 69,570 110,785 35 25 10 100 55 40 207,660 79,975 127,685 778,905 256,150 522,760
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 101,555 76,005 25,555 15 10 10 75 55 25 114,775 85,780 28,990 360,495 272,510 87,985
3 Health occupations 75,605 18,730 56,870 40 0 35 35 10 30 85,545 21,700 63,845 359,665 70,075 289,590
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 124,755 41,025 83,730 30 10 15 40 15 20 140,500 46,385 94,115 558,725 166,020 392,700
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 56,870 29,555 27,310 0 0 0 10 0 10 61,790 31,615 30,175 146,560 72,400 74,165
6 Sales and service occupations 234,485 120,480 114,005 110 50 60 125 75 55 263,055 135,300 127,750 1,064,155 499,825 564,335
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 98,535 89,140 9,395 25 25 0 60 40 15 109,555 99,115 10,440 702,290 645,355 56,935
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,025 3,855 1,170 0 0 0 10 10 0 5,775 4,415 1,355 86,625 68,885 17,735
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 38,850 25,795 13,060 15 10 0 20 10 10 42,380 28,195 14,185 207,740 150,405 57,335
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 959,130 498,125 461,010 275 135 140 490 275 215 1,081,635 561,345 520,295 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870
Industry - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 0 0 0 15 0 15 31,515 15,365 16,150 90,550 43,585 46,970
All industries191 930,570 484,150 446,425 275 135 140 475 275 205 1,050,120 545,980 504,150 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,920 1,730 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,250 1,910 1,340 79,050 55,055 23,990
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 1,195 805 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 910 440 24,890 21,200 3,695
22 Utilities 5,150 3,245 1,905 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,585 3,470 2,110 31,005 22,680 8,330
23 Construction 33,445 28,300 5,150 10 10 0 25 10 15 37,460 31,570 5,890 296,035 254,795 41,240
31-33 Manufacturing 76,115 51,395 24,725 30 20 0 30 20 10 86,535 58,295 28,235 449,115 320,715 128,405
41 Wholesale trade 33,845 20,380 13,470 10 0 0 35 15 20 42,365 25,230 17,140 147,340 96,670 50,670
44-45 Retail trade 98,705 49,745 48,960 45 15 30 80 45 30 111,555 56,180 55,375 514,090 248,905 265,185
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 49,075 38,320 10,755 15 15 0 40 30 0 56,160 43,355 12,805 209,445 161,115 48,330
51 Information and cultural industries 40,020 24,295 15,730 0 0 0 10 0 0 43,110 26,250 16,865 94,130 57,495 36,630
52 Finance and insurance 47,065 23,830 23,235 15 0 15 45 30 20 53,430 27,205 26,225 169,985 74,020 95,960
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 16,780 9,730 7,045 0 0 0 10 0 0 20,440 11,820 8,615 63,030 35,450 27,575
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 113,755 65,950 47,800 10 0 0 60 40 20 130,405 75,750 54,655 345,345 193,365 151,985
55 Management of companies and enterprises 1,720 850 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,130 1,045 1,080 5,605 2,675 2,935
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 45,325 27,460 17,860 25 15 10 10 10 0 49,530 29,800 19,735 171,345 104,695 66,645
61 Educational services 84,380 31,030 53,350 10 0 10 20 10 10 95,290 34,510 60,780 340,885 104,300 236,590
62 Health care and social assistance 128,175 32,195 95,980 50 10 35 45 15 30 142,545 36,095 106,450 617,200 122,675 494,525
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20,970 10,860 10,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,355 12,045 11,315 72,700 38,810 33,890
72 Accommodation and food services 53,745 29,185 24,555 15 0 10 25 10 15 59,510 32,125 27,380 232,480 109,950 122,530
81 Other services (except public administration) 39,595 16,105 23,490 10 0 0 20 10 10 43,990 17,935 26,050 190,470 89,730 100,735
91 Public administration 38,595 18,740 19,850 20 15 10 25 15 15 42,120 20,455 21,665 290,765 144,705 146,055
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 300 135 165 520 290 230 1,148,440 595,375 553,060 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785
English 161,015 89,010 72,005 40 15 20 105 75 30 201,310 110,165 91,150 350,525 195,385 155,145
French 399,340 197,680 201,660 115 45 70 100 60 45 416,430 206,170 210,265 3,032,290 1,536,735 1,495,555
Non-official language 7,340 3,600 3,735 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,105 4,035 4,075 18,820 10,150 8,670
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 4,175 2,195 1,975
Non-Indigenous 7,330 3,600 3,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,100 4,035 4,065 14,650 7,955 6,690
English and French 405,305 214,915 190,385 115 75 45 285 145 140 473,485 249,700 223,785 1,245,535 671,300 574,230
English and non-official language(s) 10,790 6,090 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,600 7,050 5,545 25,875 13,895 11,980
French and non-official language(s) 7,145 3,405 3,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,410 3,530 3,880 20,370 9,725 10,645
English, French and non-official language(s) 25,465 12,730 12,735 35 0 30 15 10 10 28,645 14,450 14,195 52,970 26,700 26,265
Multiple non-official languages 420 260 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 280 170 725 435 290
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 300 135 165 520 290 230 1,148,440 595,375 553,060 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785
Single responses 908,980 471,095 437,880 260 120 140 445 255 190 1,022,255 529,440 492,820 4,477,745 2,321,955 2,155,790
Official languages 895,835 464,520 431,315 260 120 140 445 255 190 1,007,600 522,060 485,540 4,441,500 2,302,830 2,138,665
English 286,010 155,790 130,215 90 45 40 205 140 65 361,715 194,885 166,835 668,485 365,785 302,695
French 609,825 308,725 301,095 170 65 105 240 115 125 645,885 327,180 318,705 3,773,015 1,937,050 1,835,965
Non-official languages 13,145 6,580 6,565 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,660 7,380 7,285 36,245 19,120 17,125
Indigenous languages39 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 10,220 5,140 5,080
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,520 3,320 3,195
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 3,310 3,170
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,730 1,925 1,810
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 375 385
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,830 1,465 1,370
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 720 855
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 3,690 1,815 1,875
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 3,690 1,815 1,875
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 13,120 6,580 6,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,625 7,380 7,250 26,030 13,980 12,050
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,295 720 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,450 790 655 2,465 1,385 1,075
Berber languages 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 35 25 10
Kabyle 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 30 20 10
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 1,275 710 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,425 780 650 2,425 1,365 1,060
Amharic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arabic 1,190 670 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 2,235 1,290 945
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 160 70 95
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,220 535 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 550 700 1,640 720 920
Khmer (Cambodian) 175 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 100 315 140 175
Vietnamese 1,045 460 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,075 475 600 1,325 585 745
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 150 70 75
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ilocano 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 90 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 50 120 55 65
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 15 0 10
Creole languages 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 100 110 330 150 175
Haitian Creole 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 100 110 325 145 175
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 80 25 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 30 60 160 65 95
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Tamil 75 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 30 50 150 65 85
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 6,260 3,210 3,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,880 3,515 3,370 13,485 7,750 5,735
Albanian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 10
Armenian 80 60 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 60 30 310 200 115
Balto-Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 220 455 1,025 395 625
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 220 455 1,025 395 625
Bulgarian 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 25 55 20 30
Czech 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polish 90 30 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 30 75 135 45 90
Russian 385 130 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 165 320 735 280 450
Serbo-Croatian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 30 20 10
Bosnian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Serbian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 20 10 10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 55 25 35
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 825 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 405 450 1,420 725 695
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
High German languages 790 385 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 815 385 430 1,345 680 665
German 95 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 65 55 300 175 125
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20
Yiddish 695 325 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 325 375 1,000 485 520
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 35 25 10
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dutch 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 35 20 10
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 15 40 20 15
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 15 0 10
Swedish 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 15 10 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Greek 175 55 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 65 135 420 180 240
Indo-Iranian languages 1,695 935 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 1,070 835 2,550 1,410 1,135
Indo-Aryan languages 1,405 760 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 860 690 1,950 1,065 885
Bengali 85 25 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 25 55 115 40 70
Gujarati 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 35 10 20
Hindi 120 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 145 70 75
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nepali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,080 615 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,200 705 495 1,480 855 625
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urdu 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 160 80 85
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0
Iranian languages 285 175 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 210 145 600 345 255
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 25 20 0
Persian languages 255 150 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 185 140 570 320 250
Dari 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 185 115 75
Iranian Persian 225 130 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 165 135 365 200 165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 25 15 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,925 1,575 1,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,155 1,690 1,465 7,725 4,830 2,890
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Italian 310 160 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 165 160 445 220 225
Portuguese 245 90 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 105 170 485 185 300
Romanian 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 70 45 230 135 95
Spanish 2,290 1,265 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,335 1,090 6,530 4,250 2,275
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 35 30 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 125 25 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 25 110 220 40 185
Korean 240 100 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 115 165 370 165 215
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 45 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 35 15 90 55 40
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0
Lingala 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 35 30 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Sign languages 85 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 60 325 125 195
American Sign Language 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 30 15 20
Quebec Sign Language 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 20 40 265 100 170
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 20 10 10
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,935 2,055 1,875 6,580 3,370 3,210
Chinese languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,935 2,055 1,875 6,580 3,370 3,210
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandarin 2,100 1,110 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,645 1,430 1,215 4,285 2,190 2,095
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 40 75 30 40
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,140 550 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,215 595 620 2,195 1,130 1,060
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 25 15 10
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Burmese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 50 15 35
Lao 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0
Thai 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 40 10 30
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 85 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 55 40 140 65 70
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkish 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 40 135 65 70
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 20 0 15
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10
Hungarian 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 15 0 10
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple responses 107,830 56,590 51,240 40 20 25 75 35 40 126,180 65,940 60,240 269,365 142,370 126,995
English and French 99,075 52,050 47,030 40 20 20 70 35 35 116,535 60,925 55,605 249,945 132,640 117,300
English and non-official language(s) 3,105 1,760 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,595 2,065 1,530 7,150 3,800 3,355
French and non-official language(s) 2,345 1,085 1,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,450 1,125 1,320 6,010 2,675 3,335
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,255 1,680 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,555 1,810 1,750 6,165 3,215 2,950
Multiple non-official languages 45 10 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 35 90 30 60
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 300 135 165 520 290 230 1,148,440 595,375 553,060 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785
None 667,690 342,985 324,705 190 80 115 280 165 110 743,180 381,875 361,305 3,655,520 1,876,935 1,778,585
English 201,200 106,725 94,480 25 20 10 135 50 85 219,885 116,455 103,430 720,960 391,075 329,885
French 115,950 61,585 54,365 50 35 20 85 60 25 149,470 78,495 70,975 302,145 161,340 140,805
Non-official language 14,925 7,790 7,135 0 0 0 10 0 10 16,645 8,685 7,960 32,245 16,505 15,745
Indigenous39 65 20 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 30 60 3,025 1,350 1,675
Non-Indigenous 14,860 7,770 7,095 0 0 0 10 0 10 16,555 8,655 7,900 29,220 15,155 14,065
English and French 1,155 540 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 595 675 2,520 1,270 1,250
English and non-official language(s) 8,605 4,110 4,490 30 0 25 0 0 0 9,295 4,530 4,765 19,400 9,340 10,060
French and non-official language(s) 5,480 2,970 2,510 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,620 3,610 3,005 11,070 6,110 4,970
English, French and non-official language(s) 165 85 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 280 160 125
Multiple non-official languages 1,645 895 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,895 1,035 865 2,965 1,605 1,365
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 859,920 445,255 414,665 270 130 140 445 260 185 971,245 502,885 468,360 4,100,450 2,126,350 1,974,095
Worked at home 260,415 132,065 128,355 30 10 20 150 90 60 298,820 151,335 147,485 897,770 435,285 462,480
Worked outside Canada 2,775 1,725 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,270 2,060 1,205 8,355 5,980 2,380
No fixed workplace address 81,290 57,160 24,130 35 20 15 25 25 0 89,120 62,795 26,325 442,035 333,730 108,305
Usual place of work 515,440 254,310 261,130 200 95 105 260 140 120 580,035 286,695 293,340 2,752,285 1,351,360 1,400,930
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 515,440 254,310 261,135 205 95 105 260 140 120 580,035 286,695 293,340 2,752,285 1,351,360 1,400,930
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 413,515 195,935 217,580 165 65 100 155 90 65 427,475 202,010 225,465 1,475,055 685,340 789,710
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 46,495 24,705 21,790 15 15 0 75 35 40 91,735 47,670 44,070 419,210 203,335 215,875
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 53,810 32,610 21,200 15 10 0 30 15 15 58,865 35,690 23,175 823,150 442,385 380,765
Commute to a different province or territory 1,620 1,060 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 1,320 635 34,875 20,300 14,575
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 596,730 311,465 285,265 240 115 120 285 165 120 669,150 349,485 319,665 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235
Car, truck or van 338,295 197,990 140,305 175 80 95 250 145 105 395,615 229,315 166,300 2,633,265 1,430,735 1,202,535
Car, truck or van - as a driver 313,045 188,685 124,360 165 80 80 235 125 105 365,770 218,475 147,295 2,482,735 1,367,240 1,115,495
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 25,245 9,300 15,940 15 0 15 15 15 0 29,845 10,845 19,005 150,535 63,495 87,040
Public transit 169,380 71,050 98,330 55 25 30 15 0 10 177,860 74,605 103,260 287,345 120,460 166,885
Walked 57,390 24,650 32,735 0 0 0 10 10 0 61,160 26,300 34,860 178,645 78,570 100,075
Bicycle 20,425 11,990 8,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,435 12,640 8,795 40,420 26,585 13,835
Other method 11,255 5,785 5,470 0 0 0 10 0 0 13,090 6,635 6,455 54,645 28,740 25,895
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 596,730 311,465 285,265 240 115 120 285 165 120 669,150 349,485 319,665 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235
Less than 15 minutes 106,580 52,520 54,070 60 30 25 60 35 30 125,240 61,185 64,055 1,005,850 482,465 523,385
15 to 29 minutes 211,950 113,835 98,115 55 25 30 130 70 60 241,005 129,590 111,420 1,110,975 578,835 532,140
30 to 44 minutes 161,385 87,950 73,435 50 20 35 80 55 25 176,925 96,710 80,215 635,870 363,430 272,445
45 to 59 minutes 62,880 30,620 32,255 30 10 20 0 0 0 67,635 33,110 34,530 235,140 133,720 101,425
60 minutes and over 53,935 26,540 27,400 45 35 15 10 0 0 58,350 28,905 29,445 206,480 126,635 79,840
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 596,730 311,465 285,265 240 115 120 285 165 120 669,150 349,485 319,665 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 35,870 26,330 9,540 20 10 0 10 10 0 38,800 28,480 10,315 241,420 189,270 52,155
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 86,515 50,895 35,625 25 10 10 70 50 15 95,270 56,280 38,990 569,745 368,480 201,265
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 147,765 69,890 77,880 60 35 25 55 30 25 166,695 79,410 87,280 935,640 441,465 494,170
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 130,185 59,500 70,680 55 20 35 55 25 30 149,185 68,865 80,320 626,895 259,220 367,675
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 93,190 44,255 48,935 40 15 25 50 20 30 106,855 50,615 56,240 330,930 142,495 188,435
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 103,205 60,595 42,610 40 25 15 45 30 15 112,350 65,830 46,520 489,685 284,160 205,530
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 321,810 164,440 157,375 125 80 45 180 90 95 371,310 189,920 181,390 1,677,585 859,745 817,835
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 80,715 41,690 39,030 25 15 15 50 20 30 109,065 56,315 52,750 303,835 156,030 147,805
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 241,095 122,750 118,345 100 65 40 135 65 65 262,245 133,605 128,640 1,373,745 703,720 670,030
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 226,825 115,930 110,890 95 65 35 155 75 80 264,905 135,505 129,395 1,222,970 626,390 596,585
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 60,615 31,295 29,320 20 15 10 35 10 25 82,880 42,755 40,130 230,080 118,075 112,005
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 48,760 25,220 23,545 20 10 5 30 10 15 67,535 34,945 32,590 175,305 90,000 85,305
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 11,855 6,080 5,775 5 0 5 10 0 5 15,350 7,810 7,540 54,775 28,070 26,700
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 166,210 84,635 81,575 75 50 25 120 60 55 182,020 92,755 89,270 992,895 508,315 484,580

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 5, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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