Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24662604More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information: Quebec [Census division] Remove			24660621More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	422	...	...	2,004,265	...	...	353	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...	1,942,044	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	...	...	...	3.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	214	...	...	976,966	...	...	162	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	199	...	...	910,359	...	...	147	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	4,414.2	...	...	4,022.3	...	...	21,925.5	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	0.10	...	...	498.29	...	...	0.02	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	420	225	195	2,004,265	983,805	1,020,465	350	155	195
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	50	30	25	309,765	158,545	151,225	45	20	25
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	15	10	5	99,195	50,760	48,435	15	10	5
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	15	5	10	106,985	54,660	52,320	20	5	10
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	15	10	5	103,590	53,120	50,470	10	5	10
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	320	180	140	1,343,170	674,055	669,120	265	125	145
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	30	15	15	97,525	49,340	48,180	15	5	10
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	35	25	15	140,025	70,895	69,125	30	5	20
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	50	30	15	165,525	83,630	81,895	35	25	15
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	45	20	20	157,725	78,995	78,730	25	10	15
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	30	15	10	149,265	74,115	75,155	40	25	20
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	35	20	15	142,365	70,920	71,445	30	15	15
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	25	10	15	125,505	62,690	62,815	20	10	10
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	30	15	15	121,710	61,735	59,975	20	10	10
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	25	10	15	125,465	63,810	61,655	25	10	15
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	15	10	10	118,065	57,920	60,140	25	5	15
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	50	15	35	351,325	151,210	200,120	40	15	25
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	15	5	10	99,325	46,730	52,595	10	10	5
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	10	5	5	86,030	39,185	46,845	5	0	5
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	15	5	5	63,215	27,320	35,895	5	0	5
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	0	0	0	46,875	18,960	27,915	10	5	5
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	5	0	5	55,885	19,015	36,870	10	0	10
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	5	0	5	33,210	12,200	21,010	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	0	0	0	17,780	5,610	12,170	5	0	5
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0	4,290	1,075	3,210	0	0	0
100 years and over	465	90	375	0	0	0	610	125	480	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	11.9	13.3	12.8	15.5	16.1	14.8	12.9	12.9	12.8
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	76.2	80.0	71.8	67.0	68.5	65.6	75.7	80.6	74.4
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	11.9	6.7	17.9	17.5	15.4	19.6	11.4	9.7	12.8
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	1.2	0.0	2.6	2.8	1.9	3.6	2.9	0.0	5.1
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	38.2	36.0	40.6	41.0	39.8	42.1	39.6	38.4	40.4
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	34.8	32.8	38.8	39.6	38.4	40.4	37.6	37.2	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	200	...	...	910,360	...	...	150	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	10	...	...	100,615	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	5	...	...	32,530	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	0	...	...	34,075	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	5	...	...	110,440	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	170	...	...	479,885	...	...	145	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	0	...	...	148,935	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	10	...	...	3,450	...	...	0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	0	...	...	430	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	150	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	70	...	...	367,400	...	...	40	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	75	...	...	271,730	...	...	50	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	35	...	...	118,205	...	...	30	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	15	...	...	98,205	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	10	...	...	54,820	...	...	5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	420	225	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	345	155	190
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.2	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	375	195	175	1,694,500	825,260	869,235	305	140	170
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	180	90	85	822,440	414,330	408,115	150	75	80
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	80	40	40	577,060	289,455	287,600	125	60	70
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	95	50	50	245,385	124,870	120,510	25	10	10
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	90	45	45	207,040	104,785	102,250	20	10	10
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	0	0	0	3,190	1,835	1,355	5	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	5	5	0	32,295	16,915	15,380	0	0	0
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0	2,855	1,335	1,520	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	190	105	90	872,060	410,935	461,125	155	70	90
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	150	90	60	627,845	333,150	294,700	115	60	60
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	5	5	5	34,795	14,820	19,975	5	0	0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	20	10	15	126,605	46,380	80,225	15	5	10
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	10	5	10	82,815	16,590	66,225	25	5	15
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	115	...	...	495,445	...	...	85	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	70	...	...	251,075	...	...	35	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	30	...	...	107,265	...	...	20	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	10	...	...	93,300	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	5	...	...	43,810	...	...	5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.5	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	120	...	...	495,445	...	...	85	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	85	...	...	395,645	...	...	65	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	40	...	...	273,070	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	20	...	...	162,745	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	20	...	...	110,325	...	...	20	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	50	...	...	122,570	...	...	15	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	20	...	...	44,875	...	...	5	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	30	...	...	77,700	...	...	5	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	35	...	...	99,805	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	25	...	...	80,530	...	...	15	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	10	...	...	19,275	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	420	225	200	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	340	155	190
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	315	160	155	1,432,990	702,710	730,275	245	115	135
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	175	85	85	791,280	398,495	392,785	140	70	70
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	30	5	25	99,805	19,275	80,525	15	0	15
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	110	65	40	541,905	284,935	256,965	95	45	50
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	70	40	30	392,250	205,155	187,095	70	35	40
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	40	25	15	149,655	79,785	69,865	20	10	10
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	110	65	40	526,370	262,915	263,450	100	40	50
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	70	35	35	367,395	175,660	191,740	45	20	20
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	10	5	5	49,280	22,020	27,255	15	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	30	25	5	109,690	65,235	44,455	35	15	20
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	200	...	...	910,360	...	...	145	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	110	...	...	455,970	...	...	80	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	80	...	...	370,250	...	...	65	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	40	...	...	194,165	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	45	...	...	176,085	...	...	25	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	30	...	...	85,720	...	...	10	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	0	...	...	13,270	...	...	0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	0	...	...	1,960	...	...	5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	5	...	...	16,550	...	...	5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	15	...	...	55,210	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	70	...	...	367,395	...	...	45	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	370	195	175	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	300	135	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	360	190	170	1,585,095	775,175	809,920	285	135	155
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	41,200	41,600	40,800	37,600	39,600	36,000	27,800	32,000	26,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	360	190	170	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	285	135	155
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	36,400	36,800	36,000	34,000	35,200	32,800	26,200	28,200	25,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	340	175	160	1,400,285	695,300	704,985	250	115	140
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	34,400	36,800	28,600	31,000	35,200	27,000	17,400	23,400	13,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	305	165	135	1,155,055	594,975	560,080	230	110	120
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	34,000	37,200	27,200	32,800	36,000	29,600	17,800	21,800	13,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	300	155	140	1,324,675	616,720	707,960	265	120	145
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	8,300	7,700	10,900	10,800	9,600	12,000	9,600	9,000	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	50	30	25	171,705	84,570	87,145	45	25	25
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	4,880	4,680	5,840	5,520	5,480	5,680	5,000	5,480	4,840
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	125	80	45	529,640	276,110	253,530	130	65	75
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	7,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	10,000	10,500	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	385	215	175	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	385	210	175	1,585,295	775,790	809,505	325	165	160
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	54,800	50,400	59,600	53,250	60,050	46,760	34,200	40,400	27,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	385	210	175	1,585,735	776,005	809,740	325	165	160
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	44,200	42,000	46,800	42,520	46,280	38,960	29,200	32,800	25,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	375	200	170	1,399,405	695,445	703,960	275	130	145
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	47,400	44,800	50,400	48,960	57,350	40,640	27,000	37,500	16,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	315	175	140	1,155,055	595,500	559,555	275	130	135
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	44,800	47,600	41,000	48,760	55,650	41,480	26,000	37,000	15,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	335	185	150	1,323,550	616,015	707,535	300	145	155
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	9,960	8,200	12,000	12,040	10,900	13,040	12,100	11,000	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	70	35	35	171,360	84,435	86,925	80	45	35
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	5,400	5,600	5,200	6,840	6,065	7,590	4,600	5,000	4,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	105	60	45	528,305	276,300	252,005	195	95	100
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	9,000	9,200	8,800	9,110	9,140	9,070	10,300	10,000	10,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	390	215	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	345	175	170
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	155	95	60	514,340	278,505	235,830	85	55	30
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	64,500	66,000	64,500	60,000	63,600	56,000	35,600	41,600	x
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	69,000	66,000	72,000	78,700	88,300	67,400	47,000	58,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	145	80	65	504,455	247,565	256,895	155	70	80
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	15,600	19,600	12,200	16,400	17,400	15,500	11,000	17,800	9,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	23,200	25,600	20,000	26,920	29,400	24,520	16,400	23,000	10,200
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	84.0	86.0	82.0	81.2	85.6	75.6	67.0	76.0	54.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	67.0	77.0	56.0	66.8	71.0	61.3	64.0	74.0	48.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	16.0	14.4	17.5	18.9	14.4	24.4	33.0	25.0	46.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.4	1.1	1.7	3.2	3.2	3.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	5.1	6.0	4.2	6.4	5.9	7.0	19.2	15.2	25.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	4.6	5.6	3.6	5.7	5.4	6.0	18.4	14.8	24.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	375	195	175	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	295	140	160
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	15	5	5	65,020	32,205	32,820	10	5	5
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	360	185	170	1,585,095	775,175	809,915	290	135	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	25	10	15	138,250	65,670	72,580	30	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	40	25	10	200,450	93,060	107,390	45	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	55	25	30	286,825	131,235	155,595	85	30	50
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	60	25	30	215,455	102,705	112,755	65	30	35
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	40	20	20	181,505	86,460	95,040	30	20	10
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	30	15	15	138,185	64,805	73,380	15	10	5
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	35	25	10	100,060	48,510	51,550	10	5	10
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	30	15	15	74,165	37,625	36,540	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	10	0	5	58,400	30,060	28,335	5	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	15	10	5	42,240	22,360	19,875	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	30	15	10	149,555	92,680	56,875	5	0	0
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	25	15	10	90,980	53,275	37,705	0	0	0
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	5	5	0	58,575	39,405	19,170	5	0	0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	375	195	175	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	295	140	160
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	15	5	5	64,605	32,005	32,605	10	5	5
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	360	185	170	1,585,510	775,375	810,135	290	135	155
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	35	15	15	144,275	67,955	76,320	30	10	20
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	35	25	15	210,975	98,495	112,480	50	25	25
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	65	30	35	334,395	155,845	178,545	100	40	55
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	70	35	30	257,145	124,835	132,315	60	35	30
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	45	20	20	204,980	97,805	107,175	25	15	10
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	40	30	15	139,760	67,315	72,450	10	0	10
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	25	10	15	93,705	46,700	47,005	10	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	15	10	10	61,765	31,815	29,945	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	10	10	5	38,975	21,640	17,335	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	5	0	0	25,855	14,955	10,900	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	15	5	5	73,695	48,025	25,665	5	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	10	5	0	33,165	20,265	12,905	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	0	0	0	40,530	27,765	12,760	5	0	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	375	195	175	1,650,115	807,380	842,740	295	140	160
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	70	30	35	495,060	212,405	282,660	65	30	35
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	300	165	140	1,155,055	594,980	560,080	235	105	125
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	40	20	15	167,560	82,405	85,155	35	10	25
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	30	20	15	111,575	52,975	58,595	40	20	25
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	35	20	15	151,350	72,815	78,530	45	20	20
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	35	10	25	116,030	56,295	59,730	40	15	30
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	35	25	10	108,120	55,225	52,890	25	15	15
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	30	20	10	104,250	51,950	52,300	15	15	5
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	20	10	10	84,485	42,940	41,540	5	5	0
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	25	15	5	66,190	35,045	31,145	5	5	0
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	20	10	5	52,585	28,500	24,080	0	0	0
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	10	5	5	46,000	24,150	21,850	0	0	0
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	5	5	0	31,345	18,120	13,230	0	0	0
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	30	15	10	115,575	74,545	41,030	0	0	0
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	20	10	10	47,525	28,870	18,655	0	0	0
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	15	10	5	68,050	45,675	22,375	0	0	0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	370	195	175	1,650,115	807,375	842,735	300	135	160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	350	180	160	1,538,580	750,495	788,085	270	125	145
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	39,200	36,400	43,600	34,000	36,400	31,800	24,400	25,000	23,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	350	180	160	1,539,035	750,625	788,405	270	125	145
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	34,400	32,800	36,400	31,000	32,800	29,400	22,800	24,200	22,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	325	170	155	1,366,580	678,230	688,350	240	110	130
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	37,600	36,400	38,800	32,000	36,000	28,200	22,600	27,600	19,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	290	155	130	1,133,505	583,045	550,460	220	100	110
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	38,400	39,200	37,600	33,600	36,800	30,400	22,200	25,800	20,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	250	120	125	1,199,280	547,540	651,735	230	100	130
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	2,640	1,660	4,320	4,440	2,760	7,300	2,600	1,900	3,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	25	15	5	114,940	56,080	58,855	15	5	10
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	5,160	x	x	5,120	4,600	5,760	x	x	x
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	385	215	175	1,650,130	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	370	200	165	1,538,450	750,620	787,830	310	165	150
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	51,600	46,800	57,600	50,000	57,050	43,280	29,200	33,600	24,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	370	200	165	1,538,920	750,780	788,145	310	165	150
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	41,400	39,200	44,400	39,800	43,800	35,920	25,600	27,800	22,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	360	200	160	1,365,190	677,795	687,395	265	130	135
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	47,000	44,000	50,800	49,080	57,750	40,560	28,200	37,500	19,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	310	170	140	1,132,415	582,685	549,730	255	130	120
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	42,400	45,600	38,500	48,720	55,750	41,240	27,800	36,500	18,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	300	160	145	1,198,940	547,060	651,880	280	140	145
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	7,000	5,100	9,000	8,250	6,740	9,510	5,480	3,950	7,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	30	20	0	114,595	55,675	58,915	30	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	10,000	4,500	...	7,510	5,990	8,940	7,200	...	7,600
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	390	215	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	345	175	170
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	155	95	60	507,645	274,575	233,070	75	50	25
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	62,000	63,200	59,200	54,400	58,400	50,400	27,800	28,000	x
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	63,000	60,000	68,000	72,500	82,100	61,050	48,000	58,000	28,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	135	75	60	462,020	227,495	234,530	150	70	75
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	16,000	23,200	12,500	21,800	23,200	20,400	13,500	17,200	11,900
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	24,400	28,000	20,000	32,320	35,520	29,240	18,800	23,000	14,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	89.0	92.0	86.0	87.2	91.4	81.8	84.0	92.0	72.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	70.0	82.0	58.0	71.8	75.8	66.6	78.0	88.0	64.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	11.2	8.4	13.6	12.8	8.6	18.2	16.8	10.0	28.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	1.8	1.0	x	1.1	0.8	1.6	2.4	x	4.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	150	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	73,500	...	...	66,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	63,600	...	...	58,000	...	...	48,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	70	...	...	367,395	...	...	45	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	45,600	...	...	38,000	...	...	25,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	38,400	...	...	34,000	...	...	23,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	130	...	...	542,960	...	...	105	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	103,000	...	...	92,700	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	83,000	...	...	74,100	...	...	61,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	60	...	...	367,255	...	...	35	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	68,000	...	...	49,760	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	52,000	...	...	40,640	...	...	40,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	150	...	...	543,100	...	...	125	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	116,000	...	...	121,800	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	96,700	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	150	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	0	...	...	18,165	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	0	...	...	10,335	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	0	...	...	17,665	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	0	...	...	25,730	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	5	...	...	57,720	...	...	10	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	5	...	...	41,160	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	5	...	...	40,595	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	10	...	...	41,545	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	15	...	...	42,630	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	15	...	...	40,980	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	20	...	...	75,485	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	20	...	...	67,695	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	25	...	...	60,495	...	...	10	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	10	...	...	54,055	...	...	5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	15	...	...	45,830	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	60	...	...	270,265	...	...	30	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	15	...	...	85,635	...	...	15	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	10	...	...	56,205	...	...	0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	25	...	...	62,095	...	...	5	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	10	...	...	66,335	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	200	...	...	910,355	...	...	150	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	0	...	...	19,710	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	0	...	...	10,575	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	0	...	...	17,965	...	...	5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	0	...	...	27,485	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	5	...	...	63,030	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	10	...	...	49,660	...	...	15	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	5	...	...	48,815	...	...	0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	15	...	...	51,055	...	...	5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	15	...	...	50,890	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	10	...	...	47,120	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	25	...	...	85,490	...	...	20	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	20	...	...	75,625	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	15	...	...	65,530	...	...	5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	15	...	...	54,850	...	...	0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	5	...	...	45,065	...	...	5	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	55	...	...	197,490	...	...	20	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	30	...	...	78,870	...	...	10	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	15	...	...	45,905	...	...	5	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	10	...	...	72,715	...	...	5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	120	...	...	501,830	...	...	90	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	94,000	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	81,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	62,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	45	...	...	179,195	...	...	25	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	78,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	53,200	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	40	...	...	208,260	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	139,000	...	...	119,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	114,000	...	...	102,000	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	35	...	...	95,875	...	...	10	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	65,500	...	...	x	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	63,600	...	...	59,600	...	...	x	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	100	60	40	477,085	240,895	236,195	75	35	40
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	40,800	41,200	40,400	34,400	34,800	34,000	23,400	22,600	25,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	35,200	34,800	35,600	31,200	31,200	31,200	23,000	21,600	24,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	135	...	...	501,905	...	...	115	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	122,000	...	...	125,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	98,000	...	...	98,700	...	...	65,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	35	...	...	179,455	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	85,000	...	...	116,700	...	...	50,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	76,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	50	...	...	208,375	...	...	60	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	185,000	...	...	157,200	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	140,000	...	...	122,300	...	...	80,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	40	...	...	95,455	...	...	0	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	85,000	...	...	78,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	72,000	...	...	67,100	...	...	...	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	95	65	35	476,520	240,280	236,245	45	25	25
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	49,000	42,000	68,000	45,520	46,520	44,560	50,000	72,000	26,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	39,500	36,000	48,000	37,600	37,920	37,280	37,000	48,000	22,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	425	225	195	1,959,355	965,630	993,725	345	155	185
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	60	35	30	365,020	186,710	178,315	55	25	30
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	25	15	15	120,615	61,615	58,995	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	310	170	135	1,276,910	638,650	638,260	260	120	135
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	50	15	35	317,425	140,270	177,155	30	15	20
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	35	15	20	321,885	154,370	167,510	95	45	50
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	10	5	0	54,265	27,870	26,395	15	5	10
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	0	0	0	18,760	9,545	9,215	5	0	5
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	25	15	15	197,020	99,310	97,710	65	35	30
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	5	0	0	70,600	27,185	43,415	15	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	8.5	8.0	10.0	16.4	16.0	16.9	27.2	28.0	27.0
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	10.0	x	x	14.9	14.9	14.8	28.0	20.0	36.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	x	x	x	15.6	15.5	15.6	30.0	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	8.0	7.0	9.0	15.4	15.6	15.3	25.0	28.0	22.0
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	8.0	x	x	22.2	19.4	24.5	40.0	40.0	40.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	420	225	200	1,959,355	965,625	993,730	340	155	190
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	65	35	30	365,025	186,705	178,315	55	25	30
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	30	15	10	120,610	61,615	58,995	20	10	10
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	310	170	140	1,276,910	638,655	638,260	255	115	140
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	50	20	30	317,425	140,265	177,155	35	15	20
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	20	15	10	213,720	108,905	104,815	45	25	25
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	0	0	0	29,585	15,165	14,425	0	0	0
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	0	0	0	9,970	5,080	4,890	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	20	15	10	153,385	81,765	71,620	40	20	20
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	0	0	0	30,745	11,975	18,775	10	0	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	5.6	8.0	3.0	10.9	11.3	10.6	14.0	15.0	13.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	x	x	x	8.1	8.1	8.1	x	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	x	x	x	8.3	8.3	8.3	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	6.8	9.0	4.0	12.0	12.8	11.2	15.0	17.0	14.0
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	x	x	x	9.7	8.5	10.6	20.0	x	20.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	420	225	195	1,959,355	965,630	993,730	345	155	185
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	230	125	105	1,196,770	581,490	615,280	280	125	155
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	30	20	5	298,540	147,890	150,655	75	35	40
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	60	35	30	244,435	115,985	128,450	70	25	45
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	55	25	25	240,895	116,550	124,345	75	35	40
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	35	15	20	218,125	105,885	112,240	25	15	10
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	50	25	20	194,765	95,185	99,580	35	15	20
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	195	105	90	762,590	384,140	378,450	60	35	35
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	60	35	25	172,200	85,100	87,095	25	15	15
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	40	15	15	156,540	78,290	78,250	15	0	0
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	40	25	15	144,120	72,600	71,525	0	0	0
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	30	10	15	134,265	68,285	65,980	0	0	0
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	30	15	15	155,465	79,870	75,595	10	5	0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	420	...	...	1,959,355	...	...	340	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.295	...	...	0.398	...	...	0.310	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.390	...	...	0.531	...	...	0.492	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.256	...	...	0.335	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	3.2	...	...	4.1	...	...	2.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	340	155	190
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	10	5	5	262,290	133,690	128,600	210	90	115
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	100	45	50	486,845	221,005	265,840	20	5	15
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	305	170	135	1,185,020	600,985	584,040	115	55	65
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	5	0	5	45,860	18,340	27,520	5	5	0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	340	155	190
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	35	20	15	605,220	303,380	301,835	255	115	140
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	350	190	165	1,156,585	564,525	592,065	40	20	25
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	30	20	15	173,785	88,480	85,300	40	15	20
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	5	0	5	44,430	17,640	26,790	5	5	0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	340	155	190
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	395	210	185	1,836,570	902,045	934,520	295	135	165
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	305	165	140	1,193,295	590,520	602,775	95	40	55
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	20	15	5	322,315	162,085	160,230	70	30	35
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	295	155	140	870,975	428,435	442,540	25	5	15
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	85	45	40	643,275	311,525	331,750	200	95	105
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	0	0	0	455	155	305	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	225	80	140	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	0	0	0	190	70	125	0	0	0
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0	25	5	20	0	0	0
Cree languages	95	35	60	0	0	0	125	50	75	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	0	0	0	185	45	145	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	0	0	0	185	45	140	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	85	45	40	642,820	311,370	331,445	200	95	105
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	20	10	5	129,195	68,395	60,805	5	5	0
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	0	0	0	15,675	8,420	7,250	0	0	0
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	0	0	0	14,510	7,750	6,760	0	0	0
Tamazight	985	570	415	0	0	0	1,005	580	425	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	0	0	0	155	90	70	0	0	0
Chadic languages	335	180	160	0	0	0	360	190	170	0	0	0
Hausa	175	100	70	0	0	0	185	105	75	0	0	0
Mina	165	80	90	0	0	0	175	85	95	0	0	0
Coptic	165	90	75	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	0	0	0	780	365	410	0	0	0
Bilen	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	735	345	390	0	0	0	750	350	400	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	15	10	5	112,200	59,320	52,880	5	5	0
Amharic	495	235	255	0	0	0	565	265	300	5	5	0
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	15	10	5	107,605	56,960	50,645	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	0	0	0	135	60	75	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	0	0	0	3,145	1,650	1,495	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tigrigna	705	360	340	0	0	0	710	360	345	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	15	10	5	24,640	11,340	13,300	5	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	0	0	0	4,695	2,135	2,560	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	10	10	5	19,905	9,185	10,725	5	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	0	0	0	18,505	7,175	11,330	105	40	65
Bikol	85	40	50	0	0	0	115	50	70	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	0	0	0	350	140	210	5	0	5
Cebuano	680	250	430	0	0	0	765	295	470	15	5	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	0	0	0	475	170	305	5	0	5
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	0	0	0	1,890	765	1,130	5	0	5
Indonesian	405	165	240	0	0	0	450	185	265	0	0	0
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	0	0	0	435	195	235	0	0	0
Merina	285	120	160	0	0	0	290	125	165	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	150	70	75	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	30	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0	0	0	195	85	110	0	0	0
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	0	0	0	13,350	5,085	8,265	70	25	45
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	0	0	0	240	115	130	0	0	0
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	5	5	0	37,690	16,985	20,705	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	0	0	0	27,565	12,185	15,375	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Krio	10	10	5	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Morisyen	910	440	470	0	0	0	1,070	525	545	0	0	0
Sango	50	25	20	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	0	0	0	8,705	4,110	4,595	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	0	0	0	275	125	150	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	0	0	0	13,620	7,090	6,525	15	10	10
Kannada	225	140	90	0	0	0	285	170	115	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	0	0	0	1,470	780	685	10	0	5
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	0	0	0	10,370	5,155	5,215	10	5	0
Telugu	1,350	915	430	0	0	0	1,465	975	485	0	0	0
Tulu	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Georgian	105	45	55	0	0	0	125	60	70	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	50	25	25	329,415	158,980	170,435	55	30	25
Albanian	1,795	885	910	0	0	0	1,935	955	975	0	0	0
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	5	0	6,520	3,105	3,420	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	0	0	0	37,235	16,405	20,835	5	5	0
Baltic languages	315	125	195	0	0	0	430	160	275	0	0	0
Latvian	115	55	60	0	0	0	150	60	85	0	0	0
Lithuanian	205	70	140	0	0	0	285	95	185	0	0	0
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	0	0	0	36,800	16,245	20,555	5	5	0
Belarusian	30	15	15	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	0	0	0	3,670	1,715	1,950	5	0	0
Czech	555	255	300	0	0	0	750	340	415	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	40	55	0	0	0	115	50	60	0	0	0
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	0	0	0	7,520	3,215	4,300	0	0	0
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	0	0	0	17,695	7,755	9,935	0	5	0
Rusyn	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0	3,130	1,515	1,615	0	0	0
Bosnian	340	170	175	0	0	0	385	185	200	0	0	0
Croatian	865	415	450	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Serbian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0	1,570	765	800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0	85	35	45	0	0	0
Slovak	345	130	220	0	0	0	495	190	305	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	0	0	0	315	130	180	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	0	0	0	3,045	1,290	1,755	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	50	40	20	0	0	0
Irish	10	5	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	5	5	0	14,215	6,910	7,305	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	5	5	0	12,245	5,930	6,315	0	0	0
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	0	0	0	4,995	2,220	2,770	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	235	125	110	0	0	0	310	160	145	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0	6,945	3,545	3,395	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	0	0	0	1,265	635	635	0	0	0
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Dutch	740	390	345	0	0	0	1,065	545	520	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	0	0	0	100	40	65	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	0	0	0	655	320	330	0	0	0
Danish	150	70	80	0	0	0	190	85	105	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	35	30	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Swedish	230	120	110	0	0	0	305	155	150	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0	45	20	30	0	0	0
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	0	0	0	17,080	8,125	8,955	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	0	0	0	68,600	36,145	32,455	25	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	0	0	0	48,035	25,870	22,165	25	10	15
Assamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	0	0	0	10,220	5,260	4,960	15	5	10
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	0	0	0	5,940	3,100	2,840	5	0	0
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	0	0	0	4,270	2,465	1,800	0	0	0
Kacchi	90	40	45	0	0	0	120	55	65	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	15	5	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Konkani	55	35	20	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Marathi	345	200	145	0	0	0	400	225	175	0	0	0
Nepali	330	170	160	0	0	0	370	190	175	0	0	0
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0	18,260	10,100	8,160	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	30	20	0	0	0	75	40	30	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	0	0	0	475	245	230	0	0	0
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	0	0	0	7,550	3,975	3,575	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0	195	110	85	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	0	0	0	20,550	10,275	10,275	0	0	0
Baluchi	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	435	245	190	0	0	0	475	265	205	0	0	0
Parsi	25	20	10	0	0	0	35	25	15	0	0	0
Pashto	975	525	450	0	0	0	1,020	545	470	0	0	0
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	0	0	0	18,950	9,395	9,555	0	0	0
Dari	1,085	520	565	0	0	0	1,245	605	640	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	0	0	0	16,025	7,945	8,080	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	1,680	845	830	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0	70	35	35	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0	0	0	15	5	15	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	45	20	20	183,755	87,295	96,460	20	10	10
Catalan	190	90	95	0	0	0	210	100	105	0	0	0
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	10	5	10	63,560	29,680	33,880	0	0	0
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	10	5	5	19,465	9,245	10,215	0	0	0
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	0	0	0	15,020	7,070	7,945	0	0	0
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	25	10	15	85,395	41,150	44,250	15	10	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0	110	50	55	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0	1,855	570	1,290	0	0	0
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	0	0	0	5,025	2,180	2,845	0	0	0
Mongolian	100	35	65	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	0	0	0	13,775	6,870	6,905	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Bamanankan	665	360	310	0	0	0	690	365	320	0	0	0
Edo	60	25	35	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Éwé	330	185	150	0	0	0	345	195	155	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	0	0	0	1,270	650	620	0	0	0
Ga	45	25	20	0	0	0	55	35	25	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Igbo	90	55	35	0	0	0	105	65	40	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	0	0	0	1,150	515	630	0	0	0
Lingala	1,680	750	930	0	0	0	1,715	770	945	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	0	0	0	140	65	80	0	0	0
Mòoré	150	85	70	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	30	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	0	0	0	1,355	615	740	0	0	0
Shona	80	40	40	0	0	0	85	45	45	0	0	0
Soninke	205	135	70	0	0	0	205	135	70	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Swahili	795	385	400	0	0	0	815	395	415	0	0	0
Wojenaka	485	225	255	0	0	0	485	225	255	0	0	0
Wolof	1,495	800	690	0	0	0	1,545	830	720	0	0	0
Yoruba	625	325	295	0	0	0	660	350	315	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0	2,125	1,105	1,020	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	0	0	0	360	200	165	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	0	0	0	285	160	130	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0	65	40	30	0	0	0
Sign languages	275	140	135	0	0	0	310	160	150	0	0	0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0	0	0	60	35	30	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0	0	0	190	90	95	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0	65	35	30	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	0	0	0	57,075	26,030	31,035	10	5	5
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	0	0	0	56,890	25,955	30,935	10	5	5
Hakka	210	85	125	0	0	0	265	105	155	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	0	0	0	37,985	17,270	20,715	5	5	5
Min Dong	15	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	0	0	0	1,895	830	1,065	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	0	0	0	15,185	6,995	8,195	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	0	0	0	940	470	470	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	0	0	0	140	55	80	0	0	0
Burmese	45	15	30	0	0	0	60	15	45	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	30	35	0	0	0	65	35	35	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	0	0	0	1,770	755	1,010	0	0	0
Lao	1,280	615	665	0	0	0	1,320	635	690	0	0	0
Thai	405	115	295	0	0	0	430	115	315	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	20	5	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	0	0	0	5,945	3,030	2,910	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	0	0	0	285	175	105	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	15	15	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	0	0	0	5,300	2,685	2,615	0	0	0
Uyghur	140	65	75	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	0	0	0	105	40	65	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	0	0	0	3,230	1,420	1,810	0	0	0
Estonian	70	30	40	0	0	0	110	40	65	0	0	0
Finnish	140	55	85	0	0	0	175	65	110	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	0	0	0	2,940	1,310	1,625	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0	0	0	95	45	45	0	0	0
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	25	15	10	143,450	71,980	71,470	50	25	25
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	10	0	5	42,695	21,750	20,940	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	5	0	0	32,265	15,955	16,310	30	15	20
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	10	5	5	47,185	23,615	23,570	5	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	0	5	0	15,685	8,025	7,655	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	0	0	0	5,625	2,630	3,000	10	5	5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	340	155	190
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	15	5	5	340,470	170,050	170,425	65	40	30
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	280	155	125	779,125	383,000	396,125	25	10	10
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	20	15	10	204,395	96,705	107,690	45	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	20	15	10	204,315	96,670	107,645	45	20	20
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	30	10	15	173,135	89,205	83,935	10	5	5
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	5	0	0	135,390	66,995	68,400	125	55	75
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	40	15	20	180,900	85,935	94,965	15	5	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	30	15	15	154,470	76,450	78,020	35	15	20
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	0	0	0	12,130	5,690	6,435	25	15	15
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,020	1,005,995	340	155	190
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	395	215	185	1,806,270	888,385	917,885	290	135	155
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	355	190	165	1,435,980	710,425	725,555	130	65	65
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	30	15	15	479,850	239,270	240,580	100	50	50
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	325	175	150	956,130	471,155	484,975	30	15	15
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	40	20	20	370,290	177,955	192,335	155	65	90
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0	0	0	160	65	100	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	80	35	50	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	20	25	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	55	10	45	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	0	0	0	50	10	45	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	40	20	20	370,125	177,895	192,235	155	65	90
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	10	5	5	66,095	34,080	32,015	5	5	0
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	0	0	0	6,870	3,680	3,190	0	0	0
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	0	0	0	6,385	3,420	2,965	0	0	0
Tamazight	360	195	165	0	0	0	375	205	170	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Chadic languages	125	60	65	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Hausa	80	45	45	0	0	0	85	45	40	0	0	0
Mina	40	15	25	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Coptic	120	65	60	0	0	0	140	65	70	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	0	0	0	370	175	195	0	0	0
Bilen	10	5	10	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	345	160	185	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	10	5	5	58,585	30,100	28,490	5	5	0
Amharic	240	115	125	0	0	0	270	130	145	5	5	0
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	10	5	5	56,520	29,075	27,445	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0	85	35	50	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	715	375	335	0	0	0	1,230	615	610	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tigrigna	445	230	215	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	10	5	5	17,355	8,030	9,325	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	0	0	0	2,915	1,315	1,595	0	0	0
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	10	5	5	14,425	6,710	7,720	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	0	0	0	10,910	4,620	6,295	95	40	55
Bikol	35	15	15	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0	0	0	190	85	105	5	0	5
Cebuano	425	180	250	0	0	0	475	200	270	15	5	5
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	0	0	0	280	115	165	5	0	5
Ilocano	960	415	545	0	0	0	1,075	465	610	10	5	10
Indonesian	170	85	90	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Merina	65	30	35	0	0	0	65	30	35	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	0	0	0	110	55	60	0	0	0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	0	0	0	8,240	3,435	4,805	55	25	30
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	0	0	0	17,685	7,840	9,845	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	0	0	0	12,780	5,515	7,265	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	475	225	250	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0	4,210	1,990	2,220	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0	95	50	45	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	0	0	0	10,460	5,315	5,145	15	5	10
Kannada	115	65	50	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Malayalam	970	520	445	0	0	0	1,035	550	485	10	0	5
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0	8,370	4,095	4,270	5	5	0
Telugu	820	550	275	0	0	0	895	580	315	0	0	0
Tulu	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Georgian	45	20	25	0	0	0	50	25	30	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	20	10	10	188,550	90,370	98,185	45	20	20
Albanian	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	1,115	545	575	0	0	0
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0	4,370	1,985	2,390	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	0	0	0	21,410	9,870	11,540	5	5	0
Baltic languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	105	45	65	0	0	0
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	0	0	0	21,300	9,830	11,475	5	5	0
Belarusian	5	5	5	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	0	0	0	2,425	1,165	1,265	0	0	0
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	0	210	100	115	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0	3,090	1,355	1,740	0	0	0
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	0	0	0	12,475	5,775	6,700	5	5	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	0	0	0	1,445	685	760	0	0	0
Bosnian	170	80	90	0	0	0	195	90	105	0	0	0
Croatian	365	165	200	0	0	0	435	195	240	0	0	0
Serbian	645	320	325	0	0	0	795	395	400	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Slovak	70	30	40	0	0	0	120	50	70	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	0	0	0	90	45	50	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	0	0	0	1,365	625	735	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	5	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0	6,845	3,535	3,320	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0	6,500	3,370	3,130	0	0	0
German	510	245	270	0	0	0	770	360	410	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0	5,700	2,995	2,700	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0	220	105	115	0	0	0
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Dutch	105	55	50	0	0	0	155	80	75	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	5	10	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	0	0	0	8,270	3,715	4,555	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	0	0	0	50,680	26,200	24,485	25	10	15
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	0	0	0	35,595	18,850	16,750	25	10	15
Assamese	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	0	0	0	7,495	3,730	3,765	10	5	10
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	0	0	0	3,960	2,040	1,920	5	0	0
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0	2,820	1,560	1,260	0	0	0
Kacchi	60	30	35	0	0	0	75	35	40	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Konkani	15	5	5	0	0	0	20	10	5	0	0	0
Marathi	160	90	70	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Nepali	225	115	105	0	0	0	240	125	115	0	0	0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0	14,920	8,220	6,695	5	0	5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	0	0	0	270	145	125	0	0	0
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	0	0	0	5,470	2,800	2,670	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	120	60	55	0	0	0
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	0	0	0	15,075	7,345	7,730	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	220	120	105	0	0	0	250	135	120	0	0	0
Parsi	15	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Pashto	750	405	350	0	0	0	775	410	360	0	0	0
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	0	0	0	13,990	6,770	7,220	0	0	0
Dari	675	320	355	0	0	0	800	390	415	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	0	0	0	12,080	5,855	6,225	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	0	0	0	1,110	530	585	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	20	10	10	95,835	44,515	51,315	15	5	5
Catalan	75	30	40	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	0	0	0	22,105	9,270	12,835	0	0	0
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	5	0	5	10,365	4,860	5,500	0	0	0
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	0	0	0	8,915	4,290	4,620	0	0	0
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	15	5	10	54,335	26,035	28,300	10	5	10
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Japanese	705	285	425	0	0	0	840	340	500	0	0	0
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	0	0	0	3,655	1,635	2,015	0	0	0
Mongolian	55	25	30	0	0	0	130	55	70	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	0	0	0	4,365	2,125	2,240	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	0	0	0	370	175	190	0	0	0
Bamanankan	205	100	105	0	0	0	205	100	105	0	0	0
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Éwé	85	45	40	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	0	455	240	215	0	0	0
Ga	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	0	0	0	350	145	200	0	0	0
Lingala	570	255	320	0	0	0	585	255	325	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Mòoré	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	0	0	0	480	220	255	0	0	0
Shona	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Soninke	95	65	30	0	0	0	95	65	30	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	290	155	135	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Wojenaka	130	50	80	0	0	0	130	50	80	0	0	0
Wolof	600	325	275	0	0	0	620	335	285	0	0	0
Yoruba	180	85	90	0	0	0	190	90	100	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0	0	0	345	155	185	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	0	0	0	110	60	55	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0	105	60	45	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Sign languages	515	300	220	0	0	0	595	350	250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	90	45	40	0	0	0	140	75	65	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	0	0	0	325	175	145	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	0	0	0	135	95	40	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	0	0	0	43,570	20,275	23,295	0	0	0
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	0	0	0	43,475	20,230	23,240	0	0	0
Hakka	75	35	35	0	0	0	80	40	45	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	0	0	0	30,855	14,425	16,430	0	0	0
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	0	0	0	1,135	505	635	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	0	0	0	355	170	185	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	0	0	0	10,470	4,815	5,655	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	0	0	0	560	270	285	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	0	0	0	895	420	480	0	0	0
Lao	715	350	370	0	0	0	740	360	385	0	0	0
Thai	150	60	90	0	0	0	155	60	95	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	0	0	0	3,885	1,945	1,945	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0	0	0	115	65	50	0	0	0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	0	0	0	3,595	1,795	1,805	0	0	0
Uyghur	100	45	60	0	0	0	100	45	60	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0	40	25	20	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Uralic languages	695	285	415	0	0	0	935	395	535	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Hungarian	675	275	400	0	0	0	895	380	520	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	25	10	15	173,745	85,640	88,110	60	25	30
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	10	5	5	53,305	27,065	26,240	5	0	5
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	0	0	0	39,365	19,140	20,225	40	15	25
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	10	5	10	57,355	27,790	29,565	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	0	0	0	21,910	10,810	11,100	5	5	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	0	0	0	1,815	840	980	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	420	225	200	1,980,015	974,025	1,005,995	345	155	190
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	335	180	150	1,454,735	714,280	740,455	175	85	90
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	20	10	15	131,630	67,290	64,340	55	25	25
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	15	10	5	126,780	62,180	64,600	15	5	10
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	25	10	15	144,335	69,210	75,130	55	25	25
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	0	0	0	185	75	110	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	25	10	15	144,155	69,135	75,015	55	25	25
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	5	5	5	34,410	17,320	17,090	15	0	10
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	5	5	5	38,875	19,700	19,180	20	10	15
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	10	5	5	33,620	16,170	17,450	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	0	0	0	4,120	2,100	2,025	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	0	0	0	11,505	5,770	5,735	5	0	5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	460	260	195	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	400	205	195
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	460	260	195	1,913,970	947,390	966,575	395	200	195
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	335	195	140	1,435,560	729,670	705,890	395	195	195
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	460	260	195	1,655,330	814,660	840,670	160	85	75
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	145	75	70	971,455	471,755	499,700	335	165	165
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	0	0	0	890	350	540	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	0	0	0	400	170	225	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	0	0	0	290	110	175	0	0	0
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Cree languages	150	60	90	0	0	0	180	75	110	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	0	0	0	75	40	40	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0	0	0	75	30	45	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	0	0	0	80	25	60	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	0	0	0	105	55	45	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	0	0	0	65	40	35	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	35	20	15	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	0	0	0	365	85	275	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	0	0	0	360	85	275	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	0	0	0	65	55	20	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	45	20	0	0	0	65	50	20	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	145	75	70	970,710	471,495	499,220	335	165	165
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	15	0	10	217,295	113,605	103,690	0	0	0
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	0	0	0	24,100	12,860	11,245	0	0	0
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	0	0	0	21,780	11,590	10,195	0	0	0
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0	2,055	1,140	915	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	0	0	0	560	290	270	0	0	0
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	0	0	0	1,245	675	565	0	0	0
Hausa	575	370	210	0	0	0	600	380	215	0	0	0
Mina	625	290	340	0	0	0	645	295	350	0	0	0
Coptic	745	385	360	0	0	0	795	415	385	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	0	0	0	1,185	555	625	0	0	0
Bilen	15	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Somali	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	1,140	530	610	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0	0	0	50	15	40	0	0	0
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	15	0	10	205,120	107,210	97,905	0	0	0
Amharic	780	375	405	0	0	0	880	435	445	0	0	0
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	15	0	10	188,115	98,545	89,565	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	0	0	0	230	100	135	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	0	0	0	170	75	100	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	0	0	0	16,440	8,520	7,920	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tigrigna	820	400	420	0	0	0	820	400	420	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	0	0	0	75	50	25	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	0	0	0	32,680	15,395	17,290	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	0	0	0	7,045	3,265	3,785	0	0	0
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	0	0	0	26,160	12,400	13,760	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0	60	25	30	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	0	0	0	29,140	11,470	17,675	225	105	125
Bikol	175	65	110	0	0	0	250	95	150	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	0	0	0	525	230	290	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	0	0	0	1,385	480	905	20	10	10
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	0	0	0	910	340	565	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	0	0	0	3,350	1,395	1,950	15	10	0
Indonesian	805	365	440	0	0	0	900	395	505	0	0	0
Kankanaey	45	25	20	0	0	0	60	30	35	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	0	0	0	85	25	60	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	0	0	0	855	420	435	0	0	0
Merina	655	320	335	0	0	0	670	330	345	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	0	0	0	185	90	90	0	0	0
Malay	355	190	165	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	0	0	0	395	180	215	0	0	0
Pangasinan	120	55	65	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	0	0	0	25,940	9,975	15,965	210	90	110
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	0	0	0	1,040	445	595	0	0	0
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	0	0	0	76,295	34,775	41,520	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	0	0	0	67,895	30,695	37,205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Krio	60	25	40	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	2,710	1,370	1,340	0	0	0
Sango	185	100	80	0	0	0	190	110	80	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	0	0	0	12,280	5,760	6,520	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	0	0	0	1,600	705	895	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	0	0	0	18,785	9,760	9,020	25	15	15
Kannada	540	325	215	0	0	0	725	415	310	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	0	0	0	2,025	1,060	965	0	0	0
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	0	0	0	14,560	7,265	7,300	0	0	0
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	0	0	0	2,570	1,670	905	0	0	0
Tulu	30	10	10	0	0	0	40	20	10	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Georgian	150	75	70	0	0	0	175	80	95	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	125	70	55	514,485	250,190	264,295	65	35	30
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0	2,600	1,315	1,285	0	0	0
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0	8,650	4,080	4,575	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	0	0	0	50,700	23,530	27,165	0	0	0
Baltic languages	530	215	315	0	0	0	705	280	425	0	0	0
Latvian	190	85	105	0	0	0	270	110	160	0	0	0
Lithuanian	340	135	210	0	0	0	435	170	260	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	0	0	0	50,190	23,320	26,870	0	0	0
Belarusian	160	55	105	0	0	0	205	75	125	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0	4,515	2,155	2,360	0	0	0
Czech	990	455	535	0	0	0	1,265	590	675	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	80	135	0	0	0	255	100	160	0	0	0
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0	10,130	4,475	5,650	0	0	0
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	0	0	0	29,515	13,855	15,655	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0	4,100	2,025	2,075	0	0	0
Bosnian	675	315	365	0	0	0	715	335	380	0	0	0
Croatian	1,515	775	740	0	0	0	1,880	935	950	0	0	0
Serbian	1,725	840	885	0	0	0	2,105	1,025	1,080	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0	110	60	50	0	0	0
Slovak	590	250	340	0	0	0	795	340	455	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	0	0	0	440	185	255	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	0	0	0	5,945	2,635	3,310	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages	275	150	125	0	0	0	315	180	135	0	0	0
Irish	120	65	55	0	0	0	140	85	55	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Welsh	35	20	15	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0	90	50	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	10	10	0	35,095	17,750	17,345	0	0	0
Frisian	40	20	25	0	0	0	40	20	25	0	0	0
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	10	10	0	31,565	16,090	15,470	0	0	0
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	10	10	0	21,270	10,840	10,435	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	300	120	175	0	0	0	385	155	230	0	0	0
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	0	0	0	10,330	5,310	5,020	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	2,655	1,335	1,325	0	0	0
Afrikaans	205	95	105	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Dutch	1,645	825	820	0	0	0	2,130	1,075	1,055	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	0	0	0	1,865	920	945	0	0	0
Danish	425	190	230	0	0	0	545	250	295	0	0	0
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Norwegian	285	155	130	0	0	0	400	220	180	0	0	0
Swedish	820	445	370	0	0	0	1,030	530	500	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	0	0	0	25,065	12,045	13,015	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	0	0	0	91,140	48,390	42,750	40	15	15
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	0	0	0	66,760	36,130	30,625	40	15	15
Assamese	35	25	15	0	0	0	55	25	20	0	0	0
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0	13,405	6,905	6,495	15	10	0
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	0	0	0	8,845	4,710	4,130	0	0	0
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	0	0	0	28,090	15,325	12,765	25	15	10
Kacchi	195	95	95	0	0	0	250	115	140	0	0	0
Kashmiri	40	25	15	0	0	0	50	35	20	0	0	0
Konkani	155	95	60	0	0	0	205	115	85	0	0	0
Marathi	780	440	340	0	0	0	920	500	420	0	0	0
Nepali	485	270	220	0	0	0	560	305	255	0	0	0
Oriya languages	45	20	35	0	0	0	55	20	35	0	0	0
Odia	30	15	15	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0	25,595	14,160	11,445	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sindhi	100	50	50	0	0	0	175	85	85	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	0	0	0	1,060	585	475	0	0	0
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0	12,905	7,015	5,890	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	0	0	0	565	350	215	0	0	0
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	0	0	0	25,080	12,635	12,445	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kurdish	780	465	315	0	0	0	855	505	345	0	0	0
Parsi	80	35	40	0	0	0	95	50	40	0	0	0
Pashto	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	1,300	690	600	0	0	0
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	0	0	0	23,195	11,620	11,575	0	0	0
Dari	1,280	645	640	0	0	0	1,515	770	740	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	0	0	0	19,455	9,730	9,725	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	0	0	0	2,395	1,220	1,180	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0	85	50	40	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	125	70	55	324,695	154,360	170,340	25	10	15
Catalan	715	400	315	0	0	0	780	445	335	0	0	0
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	35	15	20	107,285	51,300	55,985	0	0	0
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	20	20	0	31,125	15,545	15,585	0	0	0
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0	18,785	8,935	9,850	0	0	0
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	80	45	35	193,835	91,345	102,490	25	10	15
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	0	0	0	475	265	210	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0	135	80	60	0	0	0
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0	5,275	2,525	2,755	0	0	0
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0	6,420	2,780	3,645	0	0	0
Mongolian	180	55	120	0	0	0	240	85	155	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	0	0	0	33,295	16,860	16,435	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	0	0	0	1,650	895	750	0	0	0
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	0	0	0	1,595	805	785	0	0	0
Edo	245	115	125	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Éwé	865	505	360	0	0	0	960	560	400	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0	2,810	1,525	1,285	0	0	0
Ga	220	145	75	0	0	0	255	165	90	0	0	0
Ganda	75	40	30	0	0	0	80	45	30	0	0	0
Gikuyu	45	0	40	0	0	0	50	0	40	0	0	0
Igbo	485	280	205	0	0	0	535	310	225	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	0	0	0	1,925	910	1,020	0	0	0
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0	7,490	3,495	3,995	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	0	0	0	540	235	300	0	0	0
Mòoré	620	340	280	0	0	0	635	345	285	0	0	0
Mwani	20	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ndebele	115	70	40	0	0	0	125	75	45	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0	2,130	1,030	1,100	0	0	0
Shona	245	150	95	0	0	0	270	170	100	0	0	0
Soninke	465	310	155	0	0	0	465	310	155	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	50	25	35	0	0	0
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0	3,575	1,800	1,780	0	0	0
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	1,005	510	495	0	0	0
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	0	0	0	4,145	2,255	1,890	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0	2,295	1,145	1,150	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0	7,345	3,800	3,545	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	0	0	0	725	400	320	0	0	0
Dinka	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	0	0	0	710	400	315	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	0	0	0	435	230	205	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0	2,170	895	1,280	0	0	0
American Sign Language	495	160	330	0	0	0	635	230	405	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	0	0	0	1,370	530	845	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	0	0	0	360	230	135	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	0	0	0	68,485	31,760	36,720	0	0	0
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	0	0	0	68,285	31,685	36,595	0	0	0
Hakka	335	170	160	0	0	0	445	220	225	0	0	0
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	0	0	0	51,885	23,845	28,040	0	0	0
Min Dong	35	20	20	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0	2,965	1,270	1,690	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	0	0	0	850	385	465	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	0	0	0	21,115	9,630	11,485	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	0	0	0	955	505	450	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0	130	60	60	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	0	0	0	195	65	125	0	0	0
Burmese	65	10	60	0	0	0	75	10	65	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	95	50	50	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0	2,870	1,280	1,585	0	0	0
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0	2,040	990	1,055	0	0	0
Thai	1,085	390	695	0	0	0	1,140	415	725	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0	40	15	25	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	0	0	0	10,550	5,185	5,370	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	0	0	0	655	390	260	0	0	0
Kazakh	60	35	25	0	0	0	70	40	30	0	0	0
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	0	0	0	9,540	4,630	4,905	0	0	0
Uyghur	205	95	110	0	0	0	225	105	125	0	0	0
Uzbek	140	85	55	0	0	0	190	105	85	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0	4,620	2,020	2,600	0	0	0
Estonian	85	35	50	0	0	0	175	70	110	0	0	0
Finnish	245	120	125	0	0	0	320	145	170	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0	4,130	1,805	2,325	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	0	0	0	450	230	220	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	400	205	190
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	0	0	0	16,675	7,720	8,955	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	0	0	0	15,520	7,185	8,335	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0	8,745	3,955	4,795	0	0	0
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	0	0	0	6,085	3,020	3,065	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	0	0	0	685	210	475	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0	0	0	355	165	185	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	0	0	0	800	365	435	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	460	260	200	1,942,680	957,955	984,730	400	205	190
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	400	205	190
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0	3,805	1,730	2,070	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	460	260	200	1,955,555	963,940	991,615	400	205	190
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	80	...	...	360,125	...	...	10	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	125	...	...	550,240	...	...	150	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	15	...	...	192,985	...	...	0	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	185	...	...	717,375	...	...	150	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	0	...	...	19,730	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	35	...	...	267,715	...	...	100	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	95	...	...	303,875	...	...	25	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	60	...	...	220,945	...	...	20	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	20	...	...	98,090	...	...	10	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	100	...	...	501,570	...	...	135	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	45	...	...	166,230	...	...	10	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	30	...	...	78,495	...	...	0	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	10	...	...	58,850	...	...	0	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	20	...	...	105,210	...	...	0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	5.1	...	...	4.7	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	205	...	...	881,730	...	...	120	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	0	...	...	28,630	...	...	35	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	205	...	...	834,885	...	...	95	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	0	...	...	75,475	...	...	60	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	130	...	...	325,005	...	...	60	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	55	...	...	282,605	...	...	60	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	0	...	...	101,185	...	...	10	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	0	...	...	63,765	...	...	20	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	10	...	...	32,020	...	...	0	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	0	...	...	32,875	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	0	...	...	35,320	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	0	...	...	37,590	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	180	...	...	833,540	...	...	130	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	30	...	...	76,815	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	105	...	...	543,605	...	...	60	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	90	...	...	333,140	...	...	80	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	15	...	...	33,620	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	25	...	...	40,960	...	...	0	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	40	...	...	162,375	...	...	35	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	35	...	...	171,535	...	...	45	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	40	...	...	155,520	...	...	25	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	25	...	...	156,865	...	...	35	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	25	...	...	122,825	...	...	10	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	0	...	...	70,345	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	10	...	...	29,930	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	200	...	...	902,485	...	...	155	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	190	...	...	686,075	...	...	125	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	15	...	...	216,410	...	...	30	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	15	...	...	189,795	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	205	...	...	910,360	...	...	155	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	45	...	...	330,635	...	...	105	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	15	...	...	186,350	...	...	25	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	0	...	...	56,480	...	...	50	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	20	...	...	50,745	...	...	15	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	0	...	...	10,995	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	0	...	...	18,075	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	0	...	...	7,005	...	...	10	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	0	...	...	995	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	160	...	...	579,720	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	205	...	...	875,865	...	...	155	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	0	...	...	87,945	...	...	25	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	205	...	...	787,925	...	...	130	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	80	...	...	360,120	...	...	0	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	62.5	...	...	60.0	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	17.4	...	...	...	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	3.3	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,820	...	...	1,370	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,900	...	...	1,572	...	...	x	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	600,000	...	...	544,000	...	...	x	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	720,000	...	...	638,000	...	...	x	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	120	...	...	550,235	...	...	145	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	8.4	...	...	0.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	0.0	...	...	28.4	...	...	17.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.6	...	...	17.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	940	...	...	890	...	...	750	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	1,000	...	...	987	...	...	760	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	455	260	200	1,959,360	965,670	993,685	400	205	195
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0	9,035	3,985	5,050	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0	8,845	3,910	4,935	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0	7,485	3,365	4,125	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	0	0	0	930	400	530	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	0	0	0	430	145	280	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	0	0	0	195	75	115	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	0	0	0	95	25	70	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	15	10	10	30,345	13,805	16,540	0	0	0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	15	10	10	30,095	13,720	16,370	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	15	10	10	27,000	12,340	14,660	0	0	0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0	2,710	1,265	1,450	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	0	0	0	380	115	260	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	0	0	0	250	80	175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	0	0	0	215	70	145	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	445	255	195	1,919,975	947,880	972,095	400	205	195
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	395	205	195
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	435	245	190	1,645,945	805,140	840,805	195	110	85
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	80	55	30	322,965	164,980	157,985	40	25	20
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	350	190	160	1,322,980	640,160	682,820	155	90	70
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	25	15	10	313,410	160,530	152,885	205	95	110
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,670	993,690	395	205	195
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	350	195	155	1,168,390	576,340	592,055	55	35	25
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	85	55	30	652,730	313,955	338,770	295	150	145
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	25	15	10	108,265	50,530	57,735	0	0	0
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	0	0	0	69,695	34,150	35,545	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	15	10	10	106,810	50,520	56,290	20	0	10
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	25	20	0	154,780	74,520	80,255	105	55	45
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	10	10	0	213,175	104,225	108,950	165	75	80
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	0	0	0	99,070	48,005	51,065	60	35	25
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	105	45	60
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	15	10	10	138,240	75,380	62,860	50	20	25
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	90	55	35	652,725	313,955	338,770	295	150	150
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	15	0	0	52,990	26,810	26,180	10	10	0
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	0	0	0	103,285	51,965	51,320	40	30	15
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	30	10	20	118,475	53,035	65,440	50	15	30
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	40	35	0	326,320	158,620	167,700	165	85	75
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	0	0	0	51,660	23,520	28,140	35	10	25
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	90	55	35	652,725	313,955	338,770	295	150	150
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	35	20	10	137,955	63,465	74,485	15	10	10
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0	4,275	1,995	2,280	0	0	0
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0	8,885	4,105	4,780	0	0	0
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	0	0	0	6,600	3,365	3,235	0	0	0
Guyana	1,350	660	690	0	0	0	1,675	780	895	0	0	0
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	0	0	0	48,570	21,555	27,015	0	0	0
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0	3,280	1,315	1,965	0	0	0
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	15	15	0	8,940	4,350	4,585	0	0	0
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0	7,165	3,245	3,925	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0	2,640	1,160	1,475	0	0	0
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	0	0	0	12,515	6,350	6,170	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	0	0	0	33,410	15,245	18,160	10	0	10
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	40	25	15	158,795	76,610	82,190	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	0	0	0	850	430	420	0	0	0
Croatia	760	390	375	0	0	0	915	475	440	0	0	0
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	15	10	0	42,245	22,305	19,935	0	0	0
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0	3,715	1,740	1,975	0	0	0
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0	8,650	3,920	4,725	0	0	0
Hungary	1,365	650	720	0	0	0	1,990	935	1,060	0	0	0
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	0	0	0	32,485	15,325	17,165	0	0	0
Netherlands	500	310	190	0	0	0	700	420	285	0	0	0
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0	6,030	2,545	3,485	0	0	0
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	15	10	0	8,140	3,720	4,425	0	0	0
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0	11,970	5,495	6,470	0	0	0
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0	7,050	2,865	4,180	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	0	0	0	845	410	435	0	0	0
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	0	0	0	5,385	2,345	3,035	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	0	0	0	6,620	3,570	3,050	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	0	0	0	21,205	10,115	11,095	0	0	0
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	15	10	10	152,205	77,515	74,690	0	0	0
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	0	0	0	44,925	23,280	21,640	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0	6,190	2,855	3,335	0	0	0
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0	12,245	6,195	6,045	0	0	0
Eritrea	495	250	250	0	0	0	500	250	250	0	0	0
Ethiopia	660	305	355	0	0	0	750	345	400	0	0	0
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	0	0	0	37,215	18,545	18,670	0	0	0
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	0	0	0	1,435	770	660	0	0	0
Somalia	400	200	200	0	0	0	405	205	205	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	0	0	0	585	360	225	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	10	0	0	47,960	24,705	23,260	0	0	0
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	0	0	0	202,715	95,775	106,935	265	125	135
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	0	0	0	1,250	630	625	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	0	0	0	13,990	6,835	7,160	0	0	0
Iraq	1,610	890	725	0	0	0	2,140	1,125	1,020	0	0	0
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0	20,215	10,625	9,585	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0	13,495	6,815	6,680	0	0	0
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	0	0	0	4,490	2,240	2,250	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	0	0	0	32,815	14,710	18,100	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0	2,925	1,400	1,525	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0	3,400	1,485	1,915	0	0	0
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	0	0	0	1,600	660	935	0	0	0
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	0	0	0	24,690	9,580	15,105	205	95	110
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	0	0	0	17,570	7,995	9,575	0	0	0
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0	7,255	3,655	3,605	0	0	0
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	0	0	0	17,345	8,895	8,455	30	15	15
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0	6,560	3,485	3,075	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0	7,850	3,865	3,990	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	0	0	0	25,115	11,780	13,335	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	0	0	0	1,055	585	470	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	0	0	0	114,110	56,220	57,885	100	40	60
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	0	0	0	16,945	8,160	8,785	0	0	0
Brazil	1,105	455	645	0	0	0	1,235	515	715	0	0	0
Colombia	1,260	575	685	0	0	0	1,390	615	775	0	0	0
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0	5,550	2,740	2,815	0	0	0
Jamaica	135	70	60	0	0	0	145	80	65	0	0	0
Mexico	1,320	690	625	0	0	0	1,410	745	665	0	0	0
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0	2,625	1,380	1,245	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	0	0	0	960	355	600	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0	3,620	1,715	1,905	0	0	0
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	0	0	0	19,140	9,995	9,145	0	0	0
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	0	0	0	12,165	6,530	5,635	0	0	0
Germany	235	130	105	0	0	0	280	150	130	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	0	0	0	55	45	10	0	0	0
Italy	420	260	160	0	0	0	450	270	180	0	0	0
Russian Federation	625	235	390	0	0	0	790	295	490	0	0	0
Ukraine	750	355	395	0	0	0	850	390	455	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	0	0	0	570	355	220	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0	3,985	1,955	2,030	0	0	0
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	0	0	0	36,195	17,970	18,225	0	0	0
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	0	0	0	10,255	5,020	5,235	0	0	0
Burundi	715	385	335	0	0	0	740	395	340	0	0	0
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0	3,675	1,795	1,880	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	0	0	0	1,515	665	850	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	0	0	0	1,720	855	865	0	0	0
Egypt	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	1,595	850	750	0	0	0
Eritrea	275	145	125	0	0	0	275	145	125	0	0	0
Ethiopia	90	40	45	0	0	0	90	40	45	0	0	0
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0	5,600	2,640	2,965	0	0	0
Nigeria	550	310	240	0	0	0	705	400	310	0	0	0
Somalia	40	25	20	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0	85	50	35	0	0	0
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	0	0	0	3,510	1,820	1,695	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	0	0	0	6,265	3,205	3,060	0	0	0
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	0	0	0	41,495	19,890	21,600	95	40	55
Afghanistan	180	95	85	0	0	0	210	105	100	0	0	0
Bangladesh	960	465	495	0	0	0	985	470	515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0	6,885	3,020	3,860	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	0	0	0	80	30	55	0	0	0
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0	6,325	3,365	2,960	20	15	10
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0	3,085	1,395	1,685	0	0	0
Iraq	245	145	100	0	0	0	315	180	130	0	0	0
Israel	145	90	60	0	0	0	255	130	125	0	0	0
Japan	185	55	130	0	0	0	190	55	140	0	0	0
Jordan	355	160	195	0	0	0	405	195	215	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	0	0	0	920	380	535	0	0	0
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	0	0	0	1,820	990	825	0	0	0
Nepal	180	110	75	0	0	0	180	110	75	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	0	0	0	1,145	590	555	0	0	0
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0	6,655	2,840	3,815	75	30	45
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	0	0	0	970	595	370	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	0	0	0	530	220	305	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0	6,485	3,375	3,115	0	0	0
Turkey	520	295	225	0	0	0	575	310	265	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	0	0	0	690	340	350	0	0	0
Viet Nam	910	395	515	0	0	0	1,075	460	620	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	0	0	0	1,715	725	995	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	0	0	0	330	205	130	0	0	0
Australia	195	125	65	0	0	0	220	140	85	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	400	205	195
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	105	60	45	813,905	400,325	413,580	345	175	170
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	85	40	40	424,225	212,755	211,475	55	35	20
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	270	155	115	721,230	352,590	368,630	0	0	0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	60	40	20	544,455	263,425	281,040	290	145	140
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	35	25	10	303,105	155,090	148,020	215	105	110
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	25	25	0	151,015	87,200	63,815	90	30	60
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	10	0	10	152,090	67,890	84,205	125	75	50
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	10	0	10	146,645	59,645	87,000	55	25	30
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	15	10	0	85,165	44,145	41,025	20	20	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	0	0	0	9,540	4,545	4,995	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	60	40	20	544,455	263,425	281,040	290	145	140
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	10	0	0	53,655	28,340	25,310	10	10	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	0	0	0	56,685	26,490	30,195	60	15	45
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	10	0	0	13,690	7,070	6,620	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	15	15	0	27,800	15,470	12,330	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	0	0	0	4,820	2,035	2,785	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	20	15	15	387,815	184,015	203,795	215	130	95
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	460	260	200	1,959,355	965,675	993,685	400	205	190
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	65	35	25	737,510	363,785	373,725	375	185	190
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	0	0	0	91,370	48,660	42,710	50	25	20
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	0	0	0	69,985	32,190	37,795	0	0	0
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	20	10	10	208,805	101,125	107,680	10	0	10
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	0	0	0	33,365	14,085	19,275	260	125	135
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	0	0	0	151,890	79,375	72,515	0	0	0
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	40	25	15	82,550	40,580	41,970	20	10	10
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	0	0	0	40,535	19,270	21,265	0	0	0
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	0	0	0	22,800	11,365	11,435	0	0	0
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	0	0	0	6,755	3,025	3,730	0	0	0
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0	3,165	1,265	1,900	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0	6,515	3,185	3,325	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	0	0	0	19,790	9,660	10,125	10	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	395	220	175	1,221,845	601,890	619,960	25	25	0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	460	260	195	1,959,355	965,670	993,685	400	205	195
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	120	65	60	241,015	115,880	125,135	0	0	0
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	15	0	0	59,710	30,025	29,685	0	0	0
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	10	10	0	102,325	48,885	53,440	0	0	0
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	25	15	15	61,620	29,560	32,065	0	0	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	110	65	45	336,880	169,710	167,170	0	0	0
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	10	10	0	40,360	19,305	21,050	0	0	0
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	0	0	0	74,630	34,410	40,220	0	0	0
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	45	30	15	156,025	76,485	79,535	0	0	0
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	0	0	0	44,170	23,435	20,735	25	15	10
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	0	0	0	19,025	9,095	9,930	0	0	0
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0	8,425	4,145	4,285	0	0	0
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	30	15	15	33,540	16,340	17,200	0	0	0
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	60	30	30	108,910	54,650	54,260	0	0	0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	0	0	0	17,025	8,610	8,415	0	0	0
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	0	0	0	32,035	13,555	18,475	235	115	115
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	35	20	10	66,400	31,740	34,655	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	0	0	0	22,690	11,705	10,980	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	15	0	0	16,815	7,630	9,185	0	0	0
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0	3,975	1,795	2,180	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	0	0	0	26,895	13,510	13,380	0	0	0
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	0	0	0	28,610	13,415	15,195	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0	2,940	1,405	1,525	0	0	0
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0	5,170	2,590	2,580	0	0	0
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	15	10	0	25,490	12,445	13,045	0	0	0
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	0	0	0	14,530	7,235	7,300	0	0	0
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	0	0	0	35,975	17,775	18,200	0	0	0
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0	3,195	1,480	1,715	0	0	0
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0	12,160	5,830	6,335	0	0	0
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0	12,695	5,780	6,915	0	0	0
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0	10,350	5,580	4,770	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	0	0	0	35,410	17,485	17,930	0	0	0
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	0	0	0	47,415	23,905	23,515	0	0	0
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0	6,510	3,905	2,605	0	0	0
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	0	0	0	28,910	13,890	15,015	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	0	0	0	56,950	30,125	26,830	0	0	0
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	0	0	0	33,345	16,475	16,865	0	0	0
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0	6,870	3,170	3,695	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0	10,015	4,560	5,450	30	10	20
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	0	0	0	855	375	480	0	0	0
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	0	0	0	6,970	3,145	3,820	0	0	0
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	0	0	0	21,785	10,470	11,320	0	0	0
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	0	0	0	36,445	18,790	17,650	0	0	0
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0	17,805	8,760	9,045	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0	13,200	6,500	6,700	0	0	0
Danish	1,820	845	970	0	0	0	2,385	1,090	1,295	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0	3,940	1,830	2,105	0	0	0
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0	3,940	2,095	1,835	0	0	0
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0	5,105	2,440	2,670	0	0	0
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	10	0	10	12,360	6,180	6,180	0	0	0
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	0	0	0	82,590	38,735	43,855	0	0	0
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0	6,600	3,690	2,910	0	0	0
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	15	10	0	16,720	8,350	8,370	0	0	0
Mennonite	385	195	195	0	0	0	440	225	215	0	0	0
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	0	0	0	6,515	3,235	3,285	0	0	0
Finnish	1,000	425	580	0	0	0	1,335	555	780	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0	8,775	4,360	4,420	0	0	0
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0	2,910	1,425	1,485	0	0	0
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0	4,325	1,805	2,525	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	0	0	0	2,085	1,100	975	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0	2,570	1,125	1,445	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	0	0	0	1,545	785	760	0	0	0
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0	9,200	4,885	4,320	0	0	0
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0	16,840	8,750	8,090	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	0	0	0	13,270	6,770	6,500	0	0	0
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0	5,565	2,610	2,955	0	0	0
Icelandic	345	205	145	0	0	0	470	260	205	0	0	0
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	0	0	0	12,570	5,960	6,615	0	0	0
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	0	0	0	44,795	22,825	21,970	0	0	0
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0	3,180	1,480	1,700	0	0	0
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	0	0	0	16,220	7,940	8,280	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	0	0	0	1,945	930	1,015	0	0	0
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0	2,110	1,125	980	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	0	0	0	7,980	3,835	4,140	0	0	0
Serbian	1,755	835	920	0	0	0	2,255	1,105	1,150	0	0	0
Ojibway	250	130	125	0	0	0	280	145	135	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	0	0	0	490	265	225	0	0	0
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	0	0	0	1,150	520	630	0	0	0
Ontarian	795	370	430	0	0	0	940	430	500	0	0	0
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0	5,920	3,175	2,740	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0	3,510	1,835	1,675	0	0	0
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	0	0	0	9,430	4,670	4,755	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	0	0	0	940	305	635	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0	9,090	4,620	4,465	0	0	0
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	0	0	0	41,695	21,670	20,025	0	0	0
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0	7,115	3,415	3,695	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	0	0	0	2,105	970	1,125	0	0	0
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0	13,180	6,320	6,860	0	0	0
Slovak	1,375	640	735	0	0	0	1,985	950	1,040	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0	4,850	2,330	2,520	0	0	0
Somali	1,155	550	610	0	0	0	1,170	550	620	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0	2,250	1,035	1,220	0	0	0
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	0	0	0	2,605	1,355	1,250	0	0	0
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	0	0	0	9,285	4,495	4,790	0	0	0
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0	5,650	2,535	3,115	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	0	0	0	2,030	905	1,130	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0	4,005	2,135	1,870	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0	5,325	2,255	3,075	0	0	0
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	0	0	0	1,880	925	965	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0	2,160	900	1,255	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0	3,120	1,410	1,705	0	0	0
South African	465	220	245	0	0	0	600	280	315	0	0	0
Australian	830	405	425	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0	4,225	2,220	2,005	0	0	0
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	0	0	0	6,405	3,155	3,250	0	0	0
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0	10,140	4,915	5,225	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	0	0	0	575	255	315	0	0	0
Ethiopian	965	495	475	0	0	0	1,035	535	500	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0	3,465	1,775	1,690	0	0	0
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0	9,000	4,155	4,845	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	0	0	0	1,970	1,055	910	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	0	0	0	9,015	4,250	4,765	0	0	0
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	0	0	0	20,455	10,885	9,570	0	0	0
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0	2,770	1,415	1,355	0	0	0
Maltese	360	200	160	0	0	0	425	240	180	0	0	0
Macedonian	325	165	160	0	0	0	380	185	200	0	0	0
Slovenian	825	365	455	0	0	0	1,145	520	630	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0	2,465	1,380	1,085	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	0	0	0	965	475	485	0	0	0
Gujarati	880	475	405	0	0	0	1,145	620	525	0	0	0
Eritrean	615	305	310	0	0	0	625	305	320	0	0	0
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	0	0	0	1,440	745	700	0	0	0
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	5,435	2,850	2,585	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	0	0	0	1,560	700	860	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	0	0	0	735	325	410	0	0	0
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0	4,915	2,350	2,565	0	0	0
Albertan	100	35	65	0	0	0	110	40	70	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	0	0	0	2,070	1,105	960	0	0	0
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0	2,935	1,440	1,500	0	0	0
African American	1,600	790	810	0	0	0	1,775	875	900	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	0	0	0	950	510	445	0	0	0
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0	12,345	6,770	5,580	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	0	0	0	1,615	740	875	0	0	0
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0	4,040	2,055	1,990	0	0	0
Bosnian	510	245	270	0	0	0	585	285	300	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0	4,235	1,900	2,335	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	0	0	0	1,680	725	955	0	0	0
Latvian	625	330	295	0	0	0	1,070	505	560	0	0	0
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0	3,725	1,840	1,890	0	0	0
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0	6,890	3,435	3,455	0	0	0
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	0	0	0	5,005	2,605	2,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	0	0	0	1,170	530	645	0	0	0
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0	2,605	1,320	1,290	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	0	0	0	1,285	625	660	0	0	0
Northern Irish	310	160	150	0	0	0	420	210	205	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	0	0	0	720	355	365	0	0	0
British Columbian	90	40	50	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	0	0	0	1,295	595	705	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	0	0	0	785	405	380	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0	3,065	1,550	1,520	0	0	0
Estonian	365	215	150	0	0	0	530	285	245	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	0	0	0	1,570	895	675	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Jatt	390	185	205	0	0	0	465	230	230	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	0	0	0	790	405	380	0	0	0
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0	2,740	1,445	1,295	0	0	0
Thai	1,150	395	755	0	0	0	1,255	440	815	0	0	0
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	0	0	0	5,545	2,590	2,950	0	0	0
Nepali	430	240	185	0	0	0	485	275	210	0	0	0
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0	11,165	5,780	5,380	0	0	0
Assyrian	345	150	200	0	0	0	470	195	280	0	0	0
Igbo	565	325	240	0	0	0	635	375	260	0	0	0
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	0	0	0	1,360	690	670	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	0	0	0	110	50	60	0	0	0
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	0	0	0	1,795	795	1,000	0	0	0
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0	3,845	1,880	1,965	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	0	0	0	1,200	540	660	0	0	0
New Zealander	265	150	115	0	0	0	315	190	125	0	0	0
Sudanese	300	155	145	0	0	0	360	180	180	0	0	0
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0	3,980	1,885	2,095	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Malaysian	375	205	165	0	0	0	415	220	195	0	0	0
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0	6,070	3,225	2,845	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	0	0	0	1,480	675	805	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0	0	0	75	25	45	0	0	0
Buddhist	690	295	400	0	0	0	790	345	450	0	0	0
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	0	0	0	1,640	740	900	0	0	0
Norman	1,850	905	940	0	0	0	1,915	950	970	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	0	0	0	315	140	175	0	0	0
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0	3,465	1,650	1,820	0	0	0
Saulteaux	35	10	15	0	0	0	35	10	15	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	0	0	0	145	60	85	0	0	0
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0	2,185	1,045	1,140	0	0	0
Tigrinya	370	210	160	0	0	0	375	215	160	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	0	0	0	1,320	650	670	0	0	0
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0	2,165	1,185	990	0	0	0
Kenyan	210	95	115	0	0	0	240	105	135	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	20	0	0	0
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0	2,385	945	1,440	0	0	0
Jordanian	770	430	340	0	0	0	910	510	400	0	0	0
Manitoban	110	45	60	0	0	0	115	55	65	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	0	0	0	70	30	50	0	0	0
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0	2,250	1,025	1,225	0	0	0
Grenadian	910	350	560	0	0	0	1,040	410	630	0	0	0
Malayali	335	185	150	0	0	0	385	210	180	0	0	0
Chaldean	110	40	75	0	0	0	120	40	80	0	0	0
Sinhalese	310	150	165	0	0	0	395	185	210	0	0	0
Mayan	1,695	900	795	0	0	0	1,770	915	850	0	0	0
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0	2,345	1,075	1,265	0	0	0
Cherokee	195	90	100	0	0	0	230	105	125	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	0	0	0	340	155	180	0	0	0
Flemish	520	265	255	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	0	0	0	140	65	75	0	0	0
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	3,210	1,610	1,600	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	0	0	0	675	330	345	0	0	0
Sicilian	970	495	470	0	0	0	1,080	555	530	0	0	0
Pashtun	475	245	220	0	0	0	505	275	230	0	0	0
Malay	300	135	165	0	0	0	345	160	185	0	0	0
Goan	115	55	60	0	0	0	200	90	105	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	0	0	0	1,755	865	890	0	0	0
Tibetan	135	65	70	0	0	0	145	70	75	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	0	0	0	205	120	95	0	0	0
Burmese	225	105	120	0	0	0	245	110	135	0	0	0
Mongolian	480	210	270	0	0	0	650	295	355	0	0	0
Azorean	730	310	415	0	0	0	735	315	415	0	0	0
Atikamekw	325	145	180	0	0	0	330	145	180	0	0	0
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0	2,250	1,155	1,095	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	0	0	0	140	70	70	0	0	0
Ugandan	100	55	50	0	0	0	115	65	60	0	0	0
Oromo	50	25	25	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Tanzanian	175	85	90	0	0	0	195	100	100	0	0	0
Yemeni	515	275	240	0	0	0	620	340	280	0	0	0
Central African	1,415	675	740	0	0	0	1,450	685	765	0	0	0
Libyan	590	320	270	0	0	0	660	345	315	0	0	0
Basque	980	515	465	0	0	0	1,090	570	525	0	0	0
Uruguayan	785	450	335	0	0	0	875	510	365	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	0	0	0	585	290	295	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	0	0	0	900	520	380	0	0	0
Igorot	290	105	185	0	0	0	335	125	210	0	0	0
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0	2,470	1,305	1,165	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0	2,760	1,420	1,335	0	0	0
St. Lucian	255	100	155	0	0	0	310	120	185	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maliseet	200	70	135	0	0	0	215	75	140	0	0	0
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0	2,100	1,200	900	0	0	0
Telugu	180	125	55	0	0	0	185	130	55	0	0	0
Roma	235	110	125	0	0	0	260	130	135	0	0	0
Costa Rican	720	425	295	0	0	0	800	450	350	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	0	0	0	235	110	120	0	0	0
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	0	0	0	1,680	795	890	0	0	0
Kashmiri	75	40	30	0	0	0	115	70	45	0	0	0
Singaporean	75	55	15	0	0	0	100	70	30	0	0	0
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	290	130	155	0	0	0	335	155	185	0	0	0
Tajik	100	45	55	0	0	0	145	70	80	0	0	0
Amhara	95	45	45	0	0	0	115	60	50	0	0	0
Paraguayan	90	35	60	0	0	0	100	40	60	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	460	260	200	1,959,360	965,675	993,685	400	205	190
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	0	0	0	28,350	12,580	15,775	0	0	0
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	195	105	90	969,945	451,410	518,540	310	145	165
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	30	20	10	116,635	55,545	61,090	15	10	10
Anabaptist	195	80	120	0	0	0	280	120	160	0	0	0
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	0	0	0	14,835	6,640	8,190	0	0	0
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	0	0	0	12,890	5,955	6,940	0	0	0
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	140	75	65	675,695	314,690	361,010	245	120	120
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	0	0	0	68,635	32,680	35,950	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0	7,225	2,890	4,335	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	1,220	555	665	0	0	0
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	0	0	0	2,255	1,000	1,255	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	0	0	0	1,055	495	560	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0	16,130	6,980	9,150	0	0	0
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0	3,910	1,850	2,065	0	0	0
Reformed	310	150	165	0	0	0	410	180	230	0	0	0
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0	6,810	2,800	4,005	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	0	0	0	41,965	19,030	22,935	15	0	10
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	0	0	0	35,615	19,215	16,405	25	15	10
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	0	0	0	73,900	36,055	37,840	20	15	0
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	0	0	0	233,440	121,145	112,290	15	15	0
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0	17,820	9,590	8,225	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0	0	0	220	80	135	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0	9,925	4,610	5,315	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	265	155	110	590,140	310,985	279,165	15	15	0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	455	260	195	1,940,495	956,130	984,365	395	205	190
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	420	235	190	1,685,130	826,630	858,500	385	195	185
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	35	25	10	255,365	129,500	125,865	15	0	0
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	30	20	10	186,805	94,745	92,055	0	0	0
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	0	0	0	68,560	34,750	33,810	0	0	0
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	0	0	0	37,680	18,795	18,885	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	0	0	0	27,865	13,660	14,205	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	0	0	0	9,810	5,130	4,680	0	0	0
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	0	0	0	30,885	15,960	14,925	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	435	240	185	1,860,375	915,410	944,970	385	200	185
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	265	140	125	1,038,900	502,160	536,740	230	120	115
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	160	105	60	821,475	413,250	408,230	150	75	75
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	100	55	35	433,700	216,030	217,670	70	30	35
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	65	40	25	387,770	197,215	190,560	85	45	40
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	55	40	10	190,035	93,955	96,075	0	0	0
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	55	40	10	159,710	78,770	80,940	0	0	0
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	0	0	0	30,325	15,190	15,135	0	0	0
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	10	0	10	197,735	103,260	94,485	80	45	35
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	385	215	170	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	345	175	170
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	60	50	15	274,820	136,500	138,320	40	25	15
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	325	165	155	1,375,315	671,055	704,255	305	145	155
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	235	135	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	285	150	140
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	20	10	0	121,295	65,950	55,345	25	20	0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	220	120	100	975,700	481,690	494,005	260	130	130
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	385	215	175	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	55	40	15	247,460	120,840	126,625	35	25	10
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	65	25	40	319,755	162,520	157,240	55	40	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	270	150	115	1,082,915	524,200	558,715	255	105	145
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	130	70	60	473,060	232,855	240,210	95	40	60
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	35	25	15	146,170	81,740	64,425	25	10	10
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	25	0	15	106,110	54,025	52,085	25	10	10
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	15	15	0	40,055	27,715	12,340	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	75	40	40	260,845	122,345	138,495	35	10	25
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	15	15	0	66,045	28,760	37,285	35	25	20
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	145	80	60	609,855	291,355	318,505	155	65	90
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	70	50	20	344,605	160,320	184,285	125	45	80
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	10	0	10	58,945	27,280	31,665	0	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	10	0	10	16,885	8,385	8,500	0	0	0
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	45	25	25	159,510	78,325	81,190	20	20	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	10	0	0	29,905	17,040	12,865	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	240	130	105	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	290	150	135
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	10	10	0	102,815	55,805	47,015	25	20	0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	25	10	20	162,205	88,420	73,785	35	30	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	195	115	85	831,975	403,420	428,555	230	100	125
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	90	50	35	333,160	167,260	165,895	70	35	35
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	30	15	15	110,390	60,690	49,700	10	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	15	0	15	81,090	40,585	40,505	10	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	15	15	0	29,300	20,105	9,195	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	45	30	15	174,185	84,745	89,445	20	0	10
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	15	10	0	48,580	21,830	26,755	40	20	15
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	110	60	45	498,815	236,155	262,665	160	70	90
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	55	40	15	276,640	128,890	147,745	120	40	75
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	0	0	0	48,390	21,995	26,395	10	0	0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	10	0	10	12,900	5,750	7,150	0	0	0
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	40	20	20	137,150	66,720	70,430	25	20	0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	0	0	0	23,735	12,795	10,935	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	390	215	175	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	340	170	165
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	115	65	55	567,220	283,355	283,860	85	65	20
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	20	15	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	25
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	20	15	15	56,030	12,985	43,045	25	0	25
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	25	25	0	69,210	32,705	36,505	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	0	0	0	8,075	5,620	2,455	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	25	25	0	61,135	27,085	34,045	0	0	0
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	20	15	0	78,920	30,815	48,110	10	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	0	0	0	15,135	3,710	11,430	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	0	0	0	8,800	2,825	5,970	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	10	0	0	28,165	11,870	16,295	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	0	0	0	935	325	605	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0	5,015	2,980	2,035	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0	2,225	1,440	780	0	0	0
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0	6,815	3,655	3,160	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	0	0	0	11,835	4,005	7,835	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	35	15	25	157,220	58,185	99,040	20	10	10
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0	2,145	640	1,510	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	15	10	10	23,760	8,265	15,495	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	0	0	0	18,245	2,110	16,130	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	0	0	0	28,365	11,670	16,690	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0	4,005	1,235	2,770	0	0	0
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	0	0	0	21,400	5,075	16,330	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	10	0	10	59,300	29,185	30,110	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	50	25	25	248,895	110,950	137,945	25	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0	11,535	2,785	8,745	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	45	25	25	237,125	108,040	129,090	25	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	15	15	0	57,445	29,770	27,670	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	0	0	0	23,060	9,475	13,585	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0	10,555	5,610	4,945	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0	5,355	2,735	2,620	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0	16,655	10,925	5,725	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	0	0	0	1,825	1,025	800	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	0	0	0	65,435	46,010	19,420	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	0	0	0	53,075	39,595	13,480	20	10	10
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0	3,720	895	2,825	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	0	0	0	7,120	4,425	2,695	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	0	0	0	1,515	1,095	425	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	40	40	0	173,380	143,615	29,765	55	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	0	0	0	13,085	7,045	6,040	0	0	0
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	10	10	0	78,800	61,515	17,290	40	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	0	0	0	27,365	23,480	3,885	10	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	20	20	0	21,310	20,295	1,010	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	0	0	0	20,645	19,920	730	0	0	0
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	0	0	0	12,110	11,340	775	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	0	0	0	11,685	5,720	5,960	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	0	0	0	7,725	3,820	3,900	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0	3,960	1,895	2,060	0	0	0
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	45	0	40	122,295	30,795	91,495	90	25	60
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0	6,950	3,490	3,460	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	40	0	35	109,185	24,140	85,045	80	25	55
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	0	0	0	235	110	125	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0	5,925	3,060	2,865	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	10	0	10	42,230	22,590	19,640	10	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	10	0	10	26,800	9,745	17,060	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	45	40	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	0	0	0	170	170	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0	6,855	5,225	1,630	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0	8,355	7,410	945	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	0	0	0	180	55	125	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	235	135	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	285	150	140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	45	15	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	60	50	10
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	0	20
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	15	0	15	38,405	8,860	29,545	20	0	20
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	25	15	0	54,840	26,500	28,340	0	0	0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0	6,635	4,630	2,005	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	25	15	0	48,205	21,870	26,335	0	0	0
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	10	10	0	52,565	20,765	31,805	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	0	0	0	11,310	2,805	8,510	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	0	0	0	6,465	2,100	4,365	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0	16,385	7,290	9,100	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	0	0	0	625	205	415	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0	3,605	2,150	1,455	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	0	0	0	1,295	890	405	0	0	0
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0	4,965	2,670	2,300	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	0	0	0	7,920	2,660	5,255	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	25	15	15	121,985	44,105	77,880	20	10	15
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0	1,715	520	1,190	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	15	10	10	20,165	6,920	13,245	0	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	0	0	0	14,380	1,525	12,850	10	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	0	0	0	22,425	8,630	13,785	0	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0	2,935	915	2,020	0	0	0
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	0	0	0	15,795	3,645	12,150	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	0	0	0	44,580	21,945	22,635	0	0	0
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	35	20	20	199,525	87,920	111,600	25	0	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	0	0	0	190	105	90	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0	8,920	2,215	6,705	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	35	20	20	190,410	85,600	104,810	25	0	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	10	10	0	37,905	19,350	18,560	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	0	0	0	18,535	7,670	10,860	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0	4,885	2,570	2,310	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	0	0	0	1,385	765	625	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0	11,860	7,610	4,250	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	0	0	0	1,240	735	510	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	0	0	0	53,860	38,275	15,590	20	10	10
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	0	0	0	45,135	33,805	11,335	15	10	10
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0	2,550	635	1,915	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	0	0	0	5,175	3,140	2,040	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	0	0	0	1,000	690	305	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	30	30	0	137,395	112,025	25,370	55	45	10
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	0	0	0	10,855	5,700	5,155	0	0	0
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	0	0	0	66,210	51,090	15,115	45	35	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	0	0	0	20,510	17,545	2,955	15	10	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	65	25	45	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	20	20	0	16,030	15,195	835	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	0	0	0	15,275	14,660	615	0	0	0
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0	8,455	7,805	650	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	0	0	0	9,845	4,635	5,210	0	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	0	0	0	6,465	3,045	3,415	0	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	3,380	1,585	1,795	0	0	0
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	35	0	30	92,595	23,265	69,330	80	25	50
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0	5,570	2,765	2,805	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	25	0	20	82,410	18,370	64,045	75	25	50
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	0	0	0	185	75	115	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0	4,425	2,055	2,370	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	10	0	10	32,910	17,695	15,220	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	10	0	10	20,670	7,455	13,220	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	40	35	0	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0	0	0	95	95	0	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0	5,410	4,150	1,260	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0	6,695	5,960	735	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	0	0	0	140	30	110	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	235	135	100	1,097,000	547,645	549,355	285	150	140
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	45	15	20	265,025	144,230	120,800	60	50	10
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	195	115	80	831,975	403,415	428,560	225	105	125
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	175	100	75	598,455	286,340	312,115	35	15	15
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	175	100	75	566,540	270,160	296,380	35	15	15
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	0	0	0	31,915	16,180	15,735	0	0	0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	20	15	0	233,520	117,075	116,445	195	80	105
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	10	10	0	41,560	21,015	20,550	10	0	0
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	0	0	0	13,525	7,585	5,945	0	0	0
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	10	10	0	5,165	2,400	2,770	0	0	0
Cuba	1,340	685	660	0	0	0	1,440	735	705	0	0	0
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0	5,155	2,830	2,325	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	70	45	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0	4,100	1,950	2,150	0	0	0
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0	3,860	1,790	2,065	0	0	0
Peru	1,375	580	795	0	0	0	1,475	625	845	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	0	0	0	1,870	775	1,090	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	0	0	0	4,850	2,255	2,595	0	0	0
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	0	0	0	74,705	39,515	35,190	0	0	0
Belgium	1,775	910	865	0	0	0	1,865	950	920	0	0	0
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	0	0	0	43,480	23,805	19,675	0	0	0
Germany	1,035	560	475	0	0	0	1,240	665	575	0	0	0
Netherlands	465	260	205	0	0	0	525	300	225	0	0	0
Switzerland	965	570	400	0	0	0	1,085	610	475	0	0	0
Hungary	195	105	95	0	0	0	230	125	105	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	0	0	0	2,155	1,030	1,125	0	0	0
Poland	815	285	530	0	0	0	965	345	620	0	0	0
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0	4,030	2,045	1,975	0	0	0
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0	2,965	1,350	1,615	0	0	0
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0	2,410	1,075	1,340	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	0	0	0	330	225	110	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	0	0	0	5,815	3,140	2,680	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Italy	1,325	760	565	0	0	0	1,460	820	640	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	145	50	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0	5,870	2,905	2,965	0	0	0
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	0	0	0	50,645	26,790	23,860	10	0	0
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	0	0	0	1,430	740	690	0	0	0
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	0	0	0	19,530	10,160	9,370	0	0	0
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	0	0	0	9,845	5,080	4,765	0	0	0
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	0	0	0	4,725	2,660	2,060	10	0	0
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0	3,655	1,900	1,760	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	0	0	0	345	165	180	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	0	0	0	11,115	6,080	5,030	0	0	0
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	0	0	0	65,125	28,945	36,180	170	70	100
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0	7,025	3,280	3,745	0	0	0
Iraq	330	180	150	0	0	0	425	215	210	0	0	0
Israel	520	285	235	0	0	0	950	480	465	0	0	0
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0	4,800	2,370	2,430	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0	3,465	1,630	1,830	0	0	0
Turkey	695	400	295	0	0	0	825	475	350	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	0	0	0	13,220	5,865	7,360	0	0	0
Taiwan	365	150	220	0	0	0	440	180	260	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	0	0	0	275	130	150	0	0	0
Japan	800	300	500	0	0	0	905	330	575	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	0	0	0	1,625	560	1,065	0	0	0
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	0	0	0	10,585	3,395	7,190	140	55	85
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	0	0	0	1,225	445	780	0	0	0
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0	2,070	1,095	980	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	0	0	0	715	275	445	0	0	0
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	0	0	0	10,915	5,585	5,330	20	10	10
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	1,410	705	705	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0	4,240	1,925	2,310	0	0	0
Oceania	1,305	730	575	0	0	0	1,475	820	660	0	0	0
Australia	1,095	610	490	0	0	0	1,210	665	545	0	0	0
New Zealand	165	100	70	0	0	0	225	130	95	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	0	0	0	50	25	20	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	385	215	175	1,650,135	807,560	842,575	340	175	170
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	295	165	125	1,081,640	561,340	520,295	240	140	95
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	280	165	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	185	100	85
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	20	0	10	110,395	58,460	51,935	50	40	10
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	95	50	45	568,495	246,215	322,280	105	30	75
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	76.6	76.7	71.4	65.5	69.5	61.8	70.6	80.0	55.9
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	72.7	76.7	65.7	58.9	62.3	55.6	54.4	57.1	50.0
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	6.8	0.0	8.0	10.2	10.4	10.0	20.8	28.6	10.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	390	215	175	1,650,135	807,555	842,580	340	170	165
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	80	40	40	582,470	253,075	329,400	90	40	50
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	310	175	135	1,067,665	554,490	513,175	250	130	115
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	160	95	65	529,400	287,950	241,450	90	60	30
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	150	80	65	538,265	266,540	271,725	160	75	90
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	42.6	42.8	42.0	39.7	40.2	39.3	34.0	39.2	28.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	295	165	130	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	235	145	100
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	295	165	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	225	135	100
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	265	145	120	907,745	457,830	449,915	200	120	75
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	200	110	90	741,830	380,445	361,385	160	95	65
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	65	40	30	165,915	77,385	88,530	40	25	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	25	20	0	69,690	31,285	38,405	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	40	15	25	96,225	46,100	50,120	20	20	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	30	15	10	142,380	88,145	54,230	30	10	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	295	165	130	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	235	145	100
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	295	165	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	225	135	100
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	0	0	0	19,090	13,485	5,600	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	50	10	35	207,660	79,975	127,685	15	0	15
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	30	25	10	114,775	85,780	28,990	10	10	0
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	25	0	25	85,545	21,700	63,845	30	0	25
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	45	25	15	140,500	46,385	94,115	15	0	10
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	15	10	0	61,790	31,615	30,175	10	0	0
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	70	35	30	263,055	135,300	127,750	55	30	25
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	45	45	0	109,555	99,115	10,440	40	40	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0	5,775	4,415	1,355	0	0	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	10	10	0	42,380	28,195	14,185	50	30	15
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	295	165	130	1,081,635	561,345	520,295	235	145	100
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	0	0	0	31,515	15,365	16,150	0	0	0
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	295	165	130	1,050,120	545,980	504,150	225	135	100
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0	3,250	1,910	1,340	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	0	0	0	1,355	910	440	0	0	0
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0	5,585	3,470	2,110	0	0	0
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	15	15	0	37,460	31,570	5,890	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	15	15	0	86,535	58,295	28,235	50	35	15
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	0	0	0	42,365	25,230	17,140	10	0	0
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	30	15	10	111,555	56,180	55,375	25	10	15
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	25	25	0	56,160	43,355	12,805	20	15	0
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	20	15	10	43,110	26,250	16,865	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	25	10	10	53,430	27,205	26,225	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	0	0	0	20,440	11,820	8,615	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	20	15	10	130,405	75,750	54,655	0	0	0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	0	0	0	2,130	1,045	1,080	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	0	0	0	49,530	29,800	19,735	25	10	10
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	50	25	25	95,290	34,510	60,780	0	0	0
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	30	0	30	142,545	36,095	106,450	35	10	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	10	0	0	23,355	12,045	11,315	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	10	0	0	59,510	32,125	27,380	25	20	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	0	0	0	43,990	17,935	26,050	25	10	10
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	30	15	15	42,120	20,455	21,665	0	0	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	320	175	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	275	145	125
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	15	10	0	201,310	110,165	91,150	190	110	80
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	185	95	90	416,430	206,170	210,265	10	0	10
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0	8,105	4,035	4,075	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0	8,100	4,035	4,065	0	0	0
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	110	65	50	473,485	249,700	223,785	60	30	30
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	0	0	0	12,600	7,050	5,545	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	0	0	0	7,410	3,530	3,880	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	0	0	0	28,645	14,450	14,195	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	0	0	0	455	280	170	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	320	175	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	275	145	125
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	305	170	130	1,022,255	529,440	492,820	260	140	120
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	305	170	130	1,007,600	522,060	485,540	250	140	115
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	50	40	10	361,715	194,885	166,835	225	125	100
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	250	130	125	645,885	327,180	318,705	25	10	15
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	0	0	0	14,660	7,380	7,285	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	0	0	0	14,625	7,380	7,250	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	0	0	0	1,450	790	655	0	0	0
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	0	0	0	1,425	780	650	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Arabic	1,190	670	520	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	0	0	0	1,250	550	700	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	0	0	0	175	70	100	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	0	0	0	1,075	475	600	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	0	0	0	95	50	50	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	0	0	0	210	100	110	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	0	0	0	95	30	60	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tamil	75	25	45	0	0	0	85	30	50	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	0	0	0	6,880	3,515	3,370	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Armenian	80	60	25	0	0	0	85	60	30	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	675	220	455	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0	35	10	25	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Polish	90	30	65	0	0	0	95	30	75	0	0	0
Russian	385	130	250	0	0	0	485	165	320	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	0	0	0	850	405	450	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	0	0	0	815	385	430	0	0	0
German	95	65	35	0	0	0	115	65	55	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yiddish	695	325	375	0	0	0	700	325	375	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	25	15	15	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	0	0	0	205	65	135	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	0	0	0	1,905	1,070	835	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	0	0	0	1,550	860	690	0	0	0
Bengali	85	25	55	0	0	0	85	25	55	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0	125	60	65	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	0	0	0	1,200	705	495	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages	285	175	110	0	0	0	355	210	145	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pashto	25	20	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Persian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0	325	185	140	0	0	0
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	0	0	0	295	165	135	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0	3,155	1,690	1,465	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	160	150	0	0	0	330	165	160	0	0	0
Portuguese	245	90	155	0	0	0	275	105	170	0	0	0
Romanian	80	50	30	0	0	0	110	70	45	0	0	0
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0	2,425	1,335	1,090	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	0	0	0	130	25	110	0	0	0
Korean	240	100	145	0	0	0	280	115	165	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0	0	0	50	35	15	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Lingala	15	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	30	55	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	0	0	0	60	20	40	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	3,935	2,055	1,875	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0	2,645	1,430	1,215	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0	0	0	60	25	40	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	0	0	0	1,215	595	620	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	0	0	0	90	55	40	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkish	80	50	30	0	0	0	90	50	40	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	10	0	10	126,180	65,940	60,240	10	10	0
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	10	0	10	116,535	60,925	55,605	10	10	0
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0	3,595	2,065	1,530	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0	2,450	1,125	1,320	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0	3,555	1,810	1,750	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0	0	0	45	10	35	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	320	175	140	1,148,440	595,375	553,060	275	145	125
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	210	110	100	743,180	381,875	361,305	225	125	95
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	70	35	40	219,885	116,455	103,430	15	10	10
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	30	25	0	149,470	78,495	70,975	30	10	20
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	0	0	0	16,645	8,685	7,960	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0	0	0	90	30	60	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	0	0	0	16,555	8,655	7,900	0	0	0
English and French	1,155	540	610	0	0	0	1,270	595	675	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0	9,295	4,530	4,765	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0	6,620	3,610	3,005	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	0	0	0	1,895	1,035	865	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	275	165	115	971,245	502,885	468,360	185	100	85
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	85	50	40	298,820	151,335	147,485	35	20	10
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0	3,270	2,060	1,205	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	25	15	10	89,120	62,795	26,325	15	0	10
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	165	95	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	140	70	70
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	165	95	70	580,035	286,695	293,340	140	70	70
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	125	65	50	427,475	202,010	225,465	75	20	60
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	15	10	10	91,735	47,670	44,070	45	35	10
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	30	15	10	58,865	35,690	23,175	15	15	0
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0	1,955	1,320	635	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	190	115	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	80	80
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	100	65	35	395,615	229,315	166,300	80	45	40
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	95	65	30	365,770	218,475	147,295	55	35	20
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	10	0	0	29,845	10,845	19,005	25	10	15
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	65	30	35	177,860	74,605	103,260	55	25	30
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	15	10	0	61,160	26,300	34,860	15	0	10
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	0	0	0	21,435	12,640	8,795	0	0	0
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0	13,090	6,635	6,455	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	190	115	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	80	80
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	35	15	20	125,240	61,185	64,055	35	15	25
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	95	65	30	241,005	129,590	111,420	65	30	35
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	40	20	20	176,925	96,710	80,215	30	20	10
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	15	10	0	67,635	33,110	34,530	15	0	10
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	0	0	0	58,350	28,905	29,445	10	0	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	190	115	75	669,150	349,485	319,665	160	80	80
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	15	10	0	38,800	28,480	10,315	10	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	40	30	10	95,270	56,280	38,990	20	20	0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	40	20	25	166,695	79,410	87,280	25	0	20
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	60	30	30	149,185	68,865	80,320	20	0	20
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	20	10	10	106,855	50,615	56,240	25	15	0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	15	10	10	112,350	65,830	46,520	60	30	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	65	35	30	371,310	189,920	181,390	55	25	35
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	10	0	5	109,065	56,315	52,750	20	10	10
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	55	30	25	262,245	133,605	128,640	35	15	20
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	40	25	20	264,905	135,505	129,395	40	15	25
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	10	0	5	82,880	42,755	40,130	15	5	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	0	0	0	67,535	34,945	32,590	10	5	5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	5	0	5	15,350	7,810	7,540	5	0	5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	35	20	20	182,020	92,755	89,270	25	10	15

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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