Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Feedback   Note: Gender   Download
Add a geography

Add a geography

You have selected the maximum number of geographies for this table. For comparison of more than five geographies, please refer to the comprehensive download files.

Add or remove data

Add or remove data

Topic:
Select all topics
Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
Select all: Commuting
Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
Select all: Ethnocultural and religious diversity
Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
Select all: Families, households, and marital status
Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Select all: Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
Select all: Income
Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
Select all: Indigenous peoples
Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
Select all: Labour
Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
Select all: Language
All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
Knowledge of official languages
Language spoken most often at home
Mother tongue
Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
Select all: Language of work
All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
Select all: Mobility and migration
Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Montréal, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 24662538More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 24660637More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 QuebecMore information:

[Province]
 Remove		 Montréal, Territoire équivalent (TÉ)More information:
Quebec
[Census division]
 Remove
Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,762,949 ... ... 449 ... ... 573 ... ... 8,501,833 ... ... 2,004,265 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,704,694 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8,164,361 ... ... 1,942,044 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 3.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.2 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 878,542 ... ... 225 ... ... 282 ... ... 4,050,164 ... ... 976,966 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 816,338 ... ... 217 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,359 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,833.5 ... ... 8,284.1 ... ... 13,142.2 ... ... 6.5 ... ... 4,022.3 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 364.74 ... ... 0.05 ... ... 0.04 ... ... 1,298,599.75 ... ... 498.29 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,762,950 867,975 894,980 450 215 230 570 275 295 8,501,835 4,201,960 4,299,870 2,004,265 983,805 1,020,465
0 to 14 years 270,430 138,255 132,170 85 35 50 120 65 60 1,391,360 713,290 678,070 309,765 158,545 151,225
0 to 4 years 88,670 45,335 43,335 35 10 20 35 20 15 422,980 217,145 205,840 99,195 50,760 48,435
5 to 9 years 93,325 47,700 45,620 40 20 20 45 15 25 478,955 245,295 233,665 106,985 54,660 52,320
10 to 14 years 88,435 45,220 43,215 15 5 10 40 30 15 489,425 250,855 238,570 103,590 53,120 50,470
15 to 64 years 1,197,045 603,075 593,965 285 145 135 390 190 200 5,356,945 2,686,745 2,670,195 1,343,170 674,055 669,120
15 to 19 years 82,475 41,675 40,805 10 10 5 25 10 10 429,400 219,400 209,995 97,525 49,340 48,180
20 to 24 years 125,235 63,220 62,015 15 10 5 30 20 15 460,660 235,250 225,405 140,025 70,895 69,125
25 to 29 years 153,995 77,680 76,315 25 10 20 40 20 20 527,150 266,455 260,700 165,525 83,630 81,895
30 to 34 years 146,855 73,810 73,040 40 25 20 45 15 25 536,040 267,770 268,270 157,725 78,995 78,730
35 to 39 years 135,880 67,835 68,040 35 15 20 55 30 25 550,425 274,350 276,075 149,265 74,115 75,155
40 to 44 years 127,165 63,885 63,285 50 30 25 55 25 25 572,565 286,405 286,160 142,365 70,920 71,445
45 to 49 years 110,130 55,495 54,630 30 20 10 50 30 20 516,465 259,565 256,905 125,505 62,690 62,815
50 to 54 years 105,545 54,115 51,435 20 10 10 35 15 25 522,935 262,610 260,325 121,710 61,735 59,975
55 to 59 years 108,040 55,305 52,730 30 10 20 25 10 10 615,690 307,230 308,465 125,465 63,810 61,655
60 to 64 years 101,725 50,055 51,670 20 10 10 40 15 25 625,610 307,710 317,900 118,065 57,920 60,140
65 years and over 295,475 126,635 168,845 80 30 50 65 25 45 1,753,530 801,925 951,605 351,325 151,210 200,120
65 to 69 years 85,025 40,115 44,915 30 10 20 25 10 15 541,970 264,020 277,950 99,325 46,730 52,595
70 to 74 years 72,300 32,855 39,445 30 15 15 20 10 15 455,900 217,985 237,910 86,030 39,185 46,845
75 to 79 years 52,720 22,645 30,075 10 5 5 10 0 5 330,840 153,790 177,050 63,215 27,320 35,895
80 to 84 years 39,395 15,780 23,610 5 0 5 10 0 5 210,405 90,825 119,580 46,875 18,960 27,915
85 years and over 46,035 15,250 30,790 10 5 10 0 0 0 214,415 75,305 139,115 55,885 19,015 36,870
85 to 89 years 27,835 10,185 17,655 10 5 5 0 0 0 131,755 50,610 81,150 33,210 12,200 21,010
90 to 94 years 14,360 4,155 10,205 5 0 0 0 0 0 65,020 20,490 44,535 17,780 5,610 12,170
95 to 99 years 3,375 825 2,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,665 3,875 11,790 4,290 1,075 3,210
100 years and over 465 90 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,975 330 1,640 610 125 480
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.3 15.9 14.8 18.9 16.3 21.7 21.1 23.6 20.3 16.4 17.0 15.8 15.5 16.1 14.8
15 to 64 years 67.9 69.5 66.4 63.3 67.4 58.7 68.4 69.1 67.8 63.0 63.9 62.1 67.0 68.5 65.6
65 years and over 16.8 14.6 18.9 17.8 14.0 21.7 11.4 9.1 15.3 20.6 19.1 22.1 17.5 15.4 19.6
85 years and over 2.6 1.8 3.4 2.2 2.3 4.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.8 3.2 2.8 1.9 3.6
Average age of the population 40.6 39.5 41.7 40.5 39.4 41.4 37.1 34.6 39.4 42.8 41.8 43.7 41.0 39.8 42.1
Median age of the population 38.8 38.0 39.6 40.8 40.4 41.6 38.0 35.6 39.6 43.2 42.0 44.0 39.6 38.4 40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 816,340 ... ... 215 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Single-detached house 58,065 ... ... 25 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,671,920 ... ... 100,615 ... ...
Semi-detached house 25,740 ... ... 30 ... ... 20 ... ... 199,080 ... ... 32,530 ... ...
Row house 26,175 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 98,625 ... ... 34,075 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 107,565 ... ... 30 ... ... 85 ... ... 271,245 ... ... 110,440 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 464,420 ... ... 130 ... ... 165 ... ... 1,242,910 ... ... 479,885 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 130,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 225,745 ... ... 148,935 ... ...
Other single-attached house 3,350 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 15,745 ... ... 3,450 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 415 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 23,760 ... ... 430 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 220 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,355 ... ...
1 person 341,345 ... ... 90 ... ... 120 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ... 367,400 ... ...
2 persons 242,175 ... ... 60 ... ... 65 ... ... 1,295,730 ... ... 271,730 ... ...
3 persons 103,550 ... ... 30 ... ... 40 ... ... 480,135 ... ... 118,205 ... ...
4 persons 82,715 ... ... 20 ... ... 40 ... ... 427,605 ... ... 98,205 ... ...
5 or more persons 46,560 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 228,060 ... ... 54,820 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,723,210 851,575 871,635 450 215 230 570 280 295 8,308,480 4,126,815 4,181,665 1,959,355 965,630 993,730
Average household size 2.1 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.2 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,492,520 729,715 762,810 360 175 185 450 215 240 7,110,470 3,488,670 3,621,805 1,694,500 825,260 869,235
Married or living common-law 705,905 356,290 349,615 205 100 105 235 115 120 3,967,915 1,986,770 1,981,145 822,440 414,330 408,115
Married 475,835 239,100 236,735 120 55 60 180 90 90 2,310,860 1,157,085 1,153,775 577,060 289,455 287,600
Living common-law 230,070 117,190 112,880 90 40 45 55 25 25 1,657,050 829,680 827,375 245,385 124,870 120,510
Living common law - Never married 196,170 99,370 96,795 75 40 35 45 20 20 1,345,765 671,000 674,765 207,040 104,785 102,250
Living common law - Separated 2,885 1,655 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,505 9,090 8,410 3,190 1,835 1,355
Living common law - Divorced 28,550 15,015 13,530 10 5 5 5 0 0 261,885 135,520 126,370 32,295 16,915 15,380
Living common law - Widowed 2,465 1,140 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,900 14,070 17,830 2,855 1,335 1,520
Not married and not living common-law 786,615 373,420 413,195 155 80 80 220 100 125 3,142,560 1,501,895 1,640,660 872,060 410,935 461,125
Not married and not living common law - Never married 572,045 304,055 267,990 115 65 55 160 80 80 2,161,975 1,166,840 995,135 627,845 333,150 294,700
Not married and not living common law - Separated 31,535 13,590 17,945 10 5 5 15 5 10 106,275 48,095 58,175 34,795 14,820 19,975
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 113,315 41,760 71,560 25 5 20 40 10 25 494,210 197,455 296,755 126,605 46,380 80,225
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 69,720 14,020 55,700 10 5 5 5 0 5 380,100 89,515 290,580 82,815 16,590 66,225
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 428,615 ... ... 120 ... ... 140 ... ... 2,323,410 ... ... 495,445 ... ...
2 persons 221,015 ... ... 60 ... ... 60 ... ... 1,267,980 ... ... 251,075 ... ...
3 persons 92,715 ... ... 30 ... ... 35 ... ... 454,980 ... ... 107,265 ... ...
4 persons 77,780 ... ... 20 ... ... 40 ... ... 412,850 ... ... 93,300 ... ...
5 or more persons 37,105 ... ... 10 ... ... 5 ... ... 187,600 ... ... 43,810 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.6 ... ... 1.7 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 428,610 ... ... 120 ... ... 140 ... ... 2,323,410 ... ... 495,445 ... ...
Total couple families 338,830 ... ... 105 ... ... 115 ... ... 1,939,635 ... ... 395,645 ... ...
Married couples 223,910 ... ... 55 ... ... 90 ... ... 1,111,625 ... ... 273,070 ... ...
With children6 133,435 ... ... 30 ... ... 65 ... ... 502,020 ... ... 162,745 ... ...
Without children 90,475 ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... 609,605 ... ... 110,325 ... ...
Common-law couples 114,915 ... ... 40 ... ... 25 ... ... 828,005 ... ... 122,570 ... ...
With children6 41,490 ... ... 20 ... ... 10 ... ... 401,885 ... ... 44,875 ... ...
Without children 73,430 ... ... 20 ... ... 15 ... ... 426,120 ... ... 77,700 ... ...
Total one-parent families 89,785 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 383,775 ... ... 99,805 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 72,595 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 284,025 ... ... 80,530 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 17,190 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 99,755 ... ... 19,275 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 450 215 235 575 280 295 8,308,480 4,126,815 4,181,665 1,959,355 965,630 993,730
Total - Persons in census families 1,231,380 602,840 628,545 340 165 175 420 210 210 6,557,095 3,256,260 3,300,835 1,432,990 702,710 730,275
Married spouses or common-law partners 677,655 341,670 335,985 200 100 105 225 110 115 3,879,265 1,941,175 1,938,090 791,280 398,495 392,785
Parents in one-parent families 89,785 17,190 72,595 20 5 15 25 0 25 383,780 99,755 284,020 99,805 19,275 80,525
Children6 463,940 243,975 219,965 115 65 55 165 95 70 2,294,055 1,215,335 1,078,720 541,905 284,935 256,965
In a two-parent family 329,670 172,390 157,285 95 50 50 125 65 60 1,708,235 897,930 810,305 392,250 205,155 187,095
In a one-parent family 134,270 71,585 62,680 25 10 10 45 25 15 585,820 317,400 268,415 149,655 79,785 69,865
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 491,830 248,740 243,090 110 50 65 155 65 85 1,751,380 870,550 880,825 526,370 262,915 263,450
Living alone 341,350 165,410 175,935 95 35 55 115 45 70 1,317,505 638,170 679,335 367,395 175,660 191,740
Living with other relatives7 45,070 20,400 24,670 5 0 0 15 5 5 165,070 74,060 91,005 49,280 22,020 27,255
Living with non-relatives only 105,415 62,925 42,485 10 5 5 20 10 5 268,810 158,325 110,485 109,690 65,235 44,455
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 220 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 394,155 ... ... 115 ... ... 135 ... ... 2,165,490 ... ... 455,970 ... ...
Couple-family households 317,105 ... ... 95 ... ... 110 ... ... 1,834,095 ... ... 370,250 ... ...
With children6 163,645 ... ... 55 ... ... 70 ... ... 851,835 ... ... 194,165 ... ...
Without children 153,460 ... ... 45 ... ... 40 ... ... 982,260 ... ... 176,085 ... ...
One-parent-family households 77,045 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 331,395 ... ... 85,720 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 11,240 ... ... 5 ... ... 0 ... ... 50,790 ... ... 13,270 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,730 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 9,225 ... ... 1,960 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 14,975 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 66,750 ... ... 16,550 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 52,900 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 139,280 ... ... 55,210 ... ...
One-person households 341,345 ... ... 90 ... ... 115 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ... 367,395 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 365 175 185 455 215 235 6,918,720 3,414,440 3,504,275 1,650,115 807,375 842,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,100 685,155 710,950 355 170 180 445 205 235 6,738,760 3,326,795 3,411,965 1,585,095 775,175 809,920
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 38,800 35,600 47,200 51,200 43,200 41,600 39,200 43,200 40,800 44,800 37,200 37,600 39,600 36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,475 685,330 711,145 355 170 180 445 205 235 6,740,755 3,327,835 3,412,920 1,585,510 775,375 810,135
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 33,200 34,400 32,400 40,800 43,600 38,000 36,800 35,600 38,800 36,400 39,200 33,600 34,000 35,200 32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,227,255 612,060 615,200 325 160 165 415 195 215 6,054,780 3,047,745 3,007,040 1,400,285 695,300 704,985
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,200 34,000 26,600 42,000 46,800 34,800 36,400 36,800 36,000 33,600 39,600 28,000 31,000 35,200 27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,021,705 527,390 494,315 265 135 125 360 175 185 4,874,570 2,537,900 2,336,665 1,155,055 594,975 560,080
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,400 35,200 29,400 44,800 46,400 43,200 36,400 36,000 36,800 36,000 40,400 31,600 32,800 36,000 29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,175,325 551,265 624,060 295 130 170 355 150 205 5,596,585 2,627,215 2,969,370 1,324,675 616,720 707,960
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,700 9,500 11,900 10,000 9,200 11,100 7,650 6,160 8,100 11,500 10,200 12,300 10,800 9,600 12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 157,000 78,185 78,815 45 25 20 45 25 20 837,635 441,080 396,550 171,705 84,570 87,145
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,520 5,480 5,640 6,000 5,480 x 6,000 6,240 x 5,520 5,520 5,600 5,520 5,480 5,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 472,820 247,320 225,500 90 50 40 135 75 70 1,971,440 1,039,220 932,220 529,640 276,110 253,530
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 7,750 8,000 6,500 6,000 7,000 7,000 6,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 325 135 185 445 200 245 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,130 807,560 842,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,365 685,790 710,575 320 135 180 440 195 245 6,738,410 3,326,975 3,411,440 1,585,295 775,790 809,505
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,120 55,450 45,000 58,800 73,000 47,600 49,200 51,200 47,600 51,160 57,550 44,960 53,250 60,050 46,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,760 685,970 710,790 320 135 180 440 195 245 6,740,360 3,328,000 3,412,360 1,585,735 776,005 809,740
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,680 43,560 37,880 46,400 55,000 40,000 41,000 41,600 40,400 41,840 45,760 38,000 42,520 46,280 38,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,226,320 612,170 614,155 305 125 180 420 185 240 6,053,525 3,047,850 3,005,675 1,399,405 695,445 703,960
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,350 38,800 50,400 71,000 36,400 41,600 47,200 37,200 45,480 52,900 38,000 48,960 57,350 40,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,021,715 527,765 493,950 230 95 135 350 160 195 4,874,615 2,538,865 2,335,755 1,155,055 595,500 559,555
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,120 51,700 40,200 55,200 79,000 38,500 41,400 49,000 35,200 46,240 51,950 40,040 48,760 55,650 41,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,174,640 550,810 623,830 265 95 165 365 160 210 5,593,790 2,625,895 2,967,900 1,323,550 616,015 707,535
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,020 10,830 13,080 12,300 12,400 12,200 11,320 9,600 12,600 12,410 11,500 13,220 12,040 10,900 13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 156,980 78,065 78,920 55 35 15 50 20 30 837,180 441,665 395,515 171,360 84,435 86,925
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,800 6,070 7,510 6,200 6,400 5,000 5,800 4,400 6,800 7,040 6,380 7,780 6,840 6,065 7,590
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 471,875 247,465 224,410 90 30 50 140 80 65 1,966,120 1,039,080 927,040 528,305 276,300 252,005
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,130 9,180 9,080 9,800 9,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 8,130 7,910 8,390 9,110 9,140 9,070
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 320 135 185 445 200 240 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,135 807,560 842,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 452,020 244,470 207,545 105 45 55 150 65 85 2,305,655 1,246,645 1,059,005 514,340 278,505 235,830
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 61,600 55,200 90,000 132,000 76,000 56,400 65,500 54,000 58,400 62,800 53,600 60,000 63,600 56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,000 81,500 65,100 92,000 116,000 70,000 67,000 76,000 59,000 69,700 76,600 61,550 78,700 88,300 67,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 450,610 222,280 228,330 105 40 70 175 75 100 2,014,360 990,380 1,023,980 504,455 247,565 256,895
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,400 17,400 15,600 19,400 x 13,300 18,200 25,400 11,600 18,600 21,400 16,600 16,400 17,400 15,500
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,120 28,320 24,020 28,400 44,000 19,000 26,200 36,000 18,800 28,160 32,120 24,360 26,920 29,400 24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 79.8 84.4 74.4 82.0 88.0 76.0 81.0 86.0 77.0 79.8 84.2 74.4 81.2 85.6 75.6
Employment income (%)19 67.4 71.8 62.1 68.0 76.0 60.0 67.0 76.0 59.0 65.4 68.8 61.0 66.8 71.0 61.3
Government transfers (%)20 20.2 15.7 25.5 17.6 12.0 23.6 19.0 14.8 22.8 20.1 15.8 25.6 18.9 14.4 24.4
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.3 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.9 6.5 7.4 5.1 3.4 7.2 7.1 8.0 6.3 5.4 4.8 6.1 6.4 5.9 7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 6.2 6.0 6.4 4.4 2.8 6.4 6.6 7.6 5.6 4.6 4.3 5.1 5.7 5.4 6.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 360 175 185 450 215 240 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275 1,650,115 807,380 842,740
Without total income 57,180 28,440 28,735 10 5 0 10 5 0 179,955 87,650 92,310 65,020 32,205 32,820
With total income 1,396,100 685,155 710,945 355 170 185 445 210 240 6,738,765 3,326,800 3,411,970 1,585,095 775,175 809,915
Under $10,000 (including loss) 120,165 57,640 62,520 20 10 10 45 15 25 462,400 204,245 258,155 138,250 65,670 72,580
$10,000 to $19,999 179,185 83,775 95,410 45 20 20 55 25 25 809,375 334,315 475,065 200,450 93,060 107,390
$20,000 to $29,999 259,695 119,565 140,135 45 20 30 60 30 30 1,124,265 499,780 624,485 286,825 131,235 155,595
$30,000 to $39,999 194,585 93,585 101,000 40 15 20 60 35 30 896,520 414,070 482,445 215,455 102,705 112,755
$40,000 to $49,999 163,390 78,450 84,940 50 20 25 45 20 30 849,005 411,680 437,325 181,505 86,460 95,040
$50,000 to $59,999 123,115 58,355 64,755 45 15 25 35 10 25 687,020 345,720 341,305 138,185 64,805 73,380
$60,000 to $69,999 88,460 43,350 45,110 25 15 10 35 10 20 503,110 271,695 231,415 100,060 48,510 51,550
$70,000 to $79,999 64,815 33,230 31,590 25 10 10 15 10 10 367,455 208,475 158,980 74,165 37,625 36,540
$80,000 to $89,999 50,645 26,325 24,320 20 15 5 25 10 10 284,690 158,760 125,930 58,400 30,060 28,335
$90,000 to $99,999 36,060 19,280 16,785 15 5 5 25 10 10 198,140 112,355 85,780 42,240 22,360 19,875
$100,000 and over 115,980 71,595 44,385 45 30 15 55 30 20 556,780 365,700 191,080 149,555 92,680 56,875
$100,000 to $149,999 74,835 44,155 30,680 20 10 10 25 15 15 385,890 245,635 140,260 90,980 53,275 37,705
$150,000 and over 41,145 27,440 13,705 25 20 0 25 15 10 170,890 120,065 50,820 58,575 39,405 19,170
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 360 175 185 450 215 240 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275 1,650,115 807,380 842,740
Without after-tax income 56,805 28,265 28,535 10 5 0 10 5 0 177,960 86,610 91,355 64,605 32,005 32,605
With after-tax income 1,396,475 685,335 711,140 355 170 185 445 210 240 6,740,760 3,327,835 3,412,915 1,585,510 775,375 810,135
Under $10,000 (including loss) 124,825 59,490 65,335 20 10 10 45 20 25 495,035 214,000 281,030 144,275 67,955 76,320
$10,000 to $19,999 188,395 88,605 99,785 40 20 25 55 25 30 853,250 356,480 496,765 210,975 98,495 112,480
$20,000 to $29,999 303,115 142,120 161,000 50 20 30 75 40 35 1,316,685 592,685 723,995 334,395 155,845 178,545
$30,000 to $39,999 231,960 113,680 118,280 60 25 30 75 35 35 1,127,905 544,940 582,965 257,145 124,835 132,315
$40,000 to $49,999 183,475 88,390 95,090 60 25 35 50 15 35 994,235 505,970 488,265 204,980 97,805 107,175
$50,000 to $59,999 123,490 59,975 63,515 40 20 15 40 15 25 691,015 372,870 318,145 139,760 67,315 72,450
$60,000 to $69,999 81,775 41,055 40,725 25 15 10 40 15 20 459,665 251,490 208,170 93,705 46,700 47,005
$70,000 to $79,999 52,690 27,360 25,330 20 10 10 25 15 10 292,135 160,985 131,150 61,765 31,815 29,945
$80,000 to $89,999 32,505 18,175 14,325 5 0 5 10 0 5 174,905 104,610 70,295 38,975 21,640 17,335
$90,000 to $99,999 21,155 12,260 8,890 5 0 5 15 10 5 106,165 67,055 39,105 25,855 14,955 10,900
$100,000 and over 53,090 34,210 18,885 30 25 5 25 20 10 229,765 156,750 73,020 73,695 48,025 25,665
$100,000 to $124,999 25,835 15,730 10,105 20 15 0 15 5 5 119,125 78,615 40,515 33,165 20,265 12,905
$125,000 and over 27,260 18,485 8,775 10 5 0 15 10 0 110,635 78,130 32,505 40,530 27,765 12,760
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 360 175 185 450 215 240 6,918,715 3,414,445 3,504,275 1,650,115 807,380 842,740
Without employment income 431,575 186,210 245,365 105 40 60 100 45 55 2,044,155 876,545 1,167,610 495,060 212,405 282,660
With employment income 1,021,705 527,385 494,320 260 140 125 355 170 185 4,874,565 2,537,900 2,336,665 1,155,055 594,980 560,080
Under $5,000 (including loss) 145,910 71,820 74,090 30 15 10 50 25 30 644,075 331,770 312,300 167,560 82,405 85,155
$5,000 to $9,999 99,605 47,595 52,010 20 5 15 25 5 15 401,185 180,585 220,595 111,575 52,975 58,595
$10,000 to $19,999 136,545 66,030 70,515 25 15 10 45 25 20 603,350 273,725 329,620 151,350 72,815 78,530
$20,000 to $29,999 105,255 51,415 53,840 15 10 5 35 20 20 495,105 228,670 266,435 116,030 56,295 59,730
$30,000 to $39,999 98,425 50,780 47,640 15 10 5 30 15 10 488,000 239,620 248,380 108,120 55,225 52,890
$40,000 to $49,999 94,645 47,585 47,065 45 20 20 30 10 15 485,845 242,230 243,610 104,250 51,950 52,300
$50,000 to $59,999 76,170 39,085 37,085 15 5 10 20 10 15 403,980 217,425 186,560 84,485 42,940 41,540
$60,000 to $69,999 59,460 31,825 27,635 15 10 10 20 5 10 320,700 184,770 135,935 66,190 35,045 31,145
$70,000 to $79,999 46,765 25,580 21,185 15 5 5 20 10 5 250,635 147,020 103,615 52,585 28,500 24,080
$80,000 to $89,999 40,295 21,350 18,945 15 10 5 20 5 10 218,100 120,085 98,020 46,000 24,150 21,850
$90,000 to $99,999 27,160 15,825 11,340 10 5 5 20 15 5 141,540 86,090 55,450 31,345 18,120 13,230
$100,000 and over 91,480 58,500 32,980 40 25 10 40 30 15 422,055 285,910 136,145 115,575 74,545 41,030
$100,000 to $124,999 40,345 24,630 15,710 10 5 10 10 5 5 205,085 133,500 71,585 47,525 28,870 18,655
$125,000 and over 51,135 33,870 17,270 30 20 5 30 20 15 216,965 152,410 64,555 68,050 45,675 22,375
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 365 175 185 455 215 235 6,918,720 3,414,440 3,504,275 1,650,115 807,375 842,735
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,225 663,385 691,840 350 165 185 430 200 230 6,612,685 3,260,635 3,352,050 1,538,580 750,495 788,085
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 35,600 31,200 42,000 50,000 37,600 38,400 38,400 40,400 38,400 43,200 34,000 34,000 36,400 31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,570 663,490 692,080 350 165 185 430 200 230 6,615,985 3,261,090 3,354,900 1,539,035 750,625 788,405
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,800 36,400 41,200 34,400 35,200 34,000 36,400 34,000 37,600 30,600 31,000 32,800 29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,196,380 596,375 600,005 325 155 170 395 185 205 5,956,320 3,000,865 2,955,455 1,366,580 678,230 688,350
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,400 35,200 27,800 39,600 48,400 31,600 37,600 38,400 37,200 34,800 40,400 29,200 32,000 36,000 28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,000,475 515,695 484,790 260 130 130 340 170 170 4,872,155 2,530,660 2,341,495 1,133,505 583,045 550,460
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 36,000 30,200 42,400 49,600 37,600 41,200 38,400 42,400 36,400 41,200 31,800 33,600 36,800 30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,066,120 490,855 575,265 265 115 150 320 140 180 5,078,320 2,330,945 2,747,375 1,199,280 547,540 651,735
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,280 2,660 7,150 5,200 2,000 9,300 2,960 1,560 4,240 7,800 5,640 9,100 4,440 2,760 7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 104,820 51,840 52,980 35 20 15 20 10 5 727,165 390,255 336,910 114,940 56,080 58,855
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,080 4,640 5,640 4,800 x x x x x 5,000 4,760 5,280 5,120 4,600 5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 325 135 185 445 200 245 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,130 807,560 842,575
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,285 663,595 691,695 320 135 180 430 185 240 6,612,430 3,260,240 3,352,190 1,538,450 750,620 787,830
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,600 52,150 41,320 56,000 70,000 45,200 45,000 45,600 44,400 48,600 55,500 41,880 50,000 57,050 43,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,700 663,725 691,975 320 135 180 430 185 240 6,615,755 3,260,690 3,355,065 1,538,920 750,780 788,145
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,760 40,880 34,720 44,800 54,000 38,000 37,200 36,400 37,600 39,600 44,000 35,320 39,800 43,800 35,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,195,295 596,055 599,245 305 130 175 410 175 230 5,954,375 3,000,415 2,953,960 1,365,190 677,795 687,395
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,600 38,600 51,600 69,000 38,800 41,800 45,200 39,200 45,920 53,800 37,920 49,080 57,750 40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 999,875 515,515 484,355 230 100 135 345 155 195 4,871,600 2,530,795 2,340,805 1,132,415 582,685 549,730
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,040 51,800 39,920 55,200 77,000 39,000 42,200 47,000 38,400 46,240 52,450 39,520 48,720 55,750 41,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,066,040 490,710 575,335 250 105 150 320 135 185 5,076,255 2,328,310 2,747,945 1,198,940 547,060 651,880
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,160 6,610 9,490 8,600 7,000 9,600 6,960 4,900 8,500 9,450 8,430 10,320 8,250 6,740 9,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 104,790 51,525 53,260 40 15 20 0 0 0 727,815 390,880 336,935 114,595 55,675 58,915
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,380 5,970 8,740 6,000 4,500 7,000 ... ... ... 7,020 5,975 8,230 7,510 5,990 8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 320 135 185 445 200 240 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,135 807,560 842,575
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 446,040 241,000 205,040 105 45 55 145 65 85 2,290,755 1,238,260 1,052,495 507,645 274,575 233,070
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 52,800 56,400 49,600 85,000 122,000 74,500 54,400 54,800 48,400 54,800 60,000 49,200 54,400 58,400 50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,700 75,300 58,700 86,000 112,000 64,000 62,000 68,000 58,000 65,400 72,900 56,600 72,500 82,100 61,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 411,950 203,780 208,170 100 40 65 165 75 90 1,894,930 934,230 960,695 462,020 227,495 234,530
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 21,600 23,200 20,400 29,800 60,800 20,400 22,000 25,400 20,400 23,600 27,200 21,000 21,800 23,200 20,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 31,400 34,200 28,640 35,000 52,000 25,000 31,000 38,000 25,600 33,000 37,800 28,360 32,320 35,520 29,240
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 86.2 90.6 80.8 88.0 92.0 82.0 88.0 92.0 86.0 85.0 89.2 79.8 87.2 91.4 81.8
Employment income (%) 72.8 77.2 67.6 72.0 80.0 64.0 76.0 84.0 70.0 70.0 73.4 66.0 71.8 75.8 66.6
Government transfers (%) 13.8 9.4 19.1 12.2 7.4 17.5 11.6 7.6 14.8 14.9 10.8 20.2 12.8 8.6 18.2
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 0.9 1.6 1.2 0.8 1.6 x x x 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.1 0.8 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 816,335 ... ... 220 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,355 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 63,600 ... ... 71,000 ... ... 68,500 ... ... 72,500 ... ... 66,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 56,000 ... ... 61,600 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 63,200 ... ... 58,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 341,345 ... ... 90 ... ... 115 ... ... 1,317,505 ... ... 367,395 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,600 ... ... 43,200 ... ... 47,600 ... ... 38,800 ... ... 38,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 33,600 ... ... 38,000 ... ... 42,800 ... ... 34,400 ... ... 34,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 474,990 ... ... 125 ... ... 155 ... ... 2,431,530 ... ... 542,960 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 112,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 97,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 80,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 275 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,700 ... ... 89,000 ... ... 77,500 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 92,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 69,600 ... ... 70,500 ... ... 64,500 ... ... 75,200 ... ... 74,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 341,250 ... ... 115 ... ... 135 ... ... 1,317,070 ... ... 367,255 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,400 ... ... 43,000 ... ... 48,000 ... ... 47,680 ... ... 49,760 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,760 ... ... 36,000 ... ... 41,000 ... ... 39,640 ... ... 40,640 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 475,105 ... ... 90 ... ... 145 ... ... 2,431,965 ... ... 543,100 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,600 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 121,800 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 86,000 ... ... 94,500 ... ... 96,700 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 816,335 ... ... 220 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,355 ... ...
Under $5,000 17,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 35,920 ... ... 18,165 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 9,785 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 23,880 ... ... 10,335 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 16,775 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 52,080 ... ... 17,665 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 24,425 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 82,470 ... ... 25,730 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 54,215 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 218,185 ... ... 57,720 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 38,420 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 144,420 ... ... 41,160 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 37,880 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 143,285 ... ... 40,595 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 38,590 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 172,005 ... ... 41,545 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 39,530 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 174,790 ... ... 42,630 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 37,970 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 166,990 ... ... 40,980 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 69,550 ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... 310,880 ... ... 75,485 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 62,125 ... ... 20 ... ... 30 ... ... 280,505 ... ... 67,695 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 55,220 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 255,770 ... ... 60,495 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,040 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 235,235 ... ... 54,055 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 41,220 ... ... 5 ... ... 20 ... ... 208,320 ... ... 45,830 ... ...
$100,000 and over 224,580 ... ... 75 ... ... 80 ... ... 1,244,285 ... ... 270,265 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 76,005 ... ... 25 ... ... 20 ... ... 414,805 ... ... 85,635 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 48,680 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 282,590 ... ... 56,205 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 51,900 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 307,835 ... ... 62,095 ... ...
$200,000 and over 47,995 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 239,060 ... ... 66,335 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 816,335 ... ... 220 ... ... 270 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,355 ... ...
Under $5,000 18,250 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 40,590 ... ... 19,710 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 5 ... ... 24,960 ... ... 10,575 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 17,050 ... ... 5 ... ... 5 ... ... 53,600 ... ... 17,965 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 26,035 ... ... 5 ... ... 10 ... ... 87,695 ... ... 27,485 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 59,285 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 234,875 ... ... 63,030 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 46,355 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 177,135 ... ... 49,660 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 45,485 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 180,150 ... ... 48,815 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 47,370 ... ... 10 ... ... 10 ... ... 213,760 ... ... 51,055 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 46,995 ... ... 15 ... ... 20 ... ... 210,280 ... ... 50,890 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 43,530 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 193,530 ... ... 47,120 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 78,470 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 356,325 ... ... 85,490 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 68,975 ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... 322,530 ... ... 75,625 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 59,285 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 289,580 ... ... 65,530 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,000 ... ... 5 ... ... 15 ... ... 254,885 ... ... 54,850 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 39,955 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 216,370 ... ... 45,065 ... ...
$100,000 and over 160,295 ... ... 55 ... ... 55 ... ... 892,775 ... ... 197,490 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 68,460 ... ... 25 ... ... 15 ... ... 387,835 ... ... 78,870 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 38,400 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 225,830 ... ... 45,905 ... ...
$150,000 and over 53,430 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 279,105 ... ... 72,715 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 435,310 ... ... 120 ... ... 145 ... ... 2,331,170 ... ... 501,830 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 115,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 94,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,000 ... ... 98,000 ... ... 83,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 82,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.9 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 156,425 ... ... 45 ... ... 45 ... ... 991,710 ... ... 179,195 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 109,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 88,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 95,000 ... ... 75,500 ... ... 72,500 ... ... 75,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 175,465 ... ... 55 ... ... 75 ... ... 907,765 ... ... 208,260 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 121,000 ... ... 139,000 ... ... 130,000 ... ... 119,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 113,000 ... ... 110,000 ... ... 102,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 4.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 86,340 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 368,845 ... ... 95,875 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... x ... ... 58,800 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 65,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,800 ... ... x ... ... 54,000 ... ... 61,600 ... ... 59,600 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 446,765 228,335 218,420 105 40 60 135 60 80 1,586,315 796,490 789,825 477,085 240,895 236,195
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,400 33,600 43,200 49,200 40,400 44,000 41,600 47,200 36,800 39,200 34,800 34,400 34,800 34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 30,800 31,000 30,800 37,200 40,000 36,000 38,800 37,200 42,800 33,200 34,800 31,600 31,200 31,200 31,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 435,360 ... ... 90 ... ... 135 ... ... 2,330,645 ... ... 501,905 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,400 ... ... 148,000 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 117,000 ... ... 125,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 92,800 ... ... 114,000 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 95,100 ... ... 98,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 156,545 ... ... 35 ... ... 50 ... ... 992,110 ... ... 179,455 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 109,200 ... ... 150,000 ... ... 100,000 ... ... 101,100 ... ... 116,700 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,500 ... ... 120,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 82,200 ... ... 91,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 175,580 ... ... 35 ... ... 55 ... ... 909,160 ... ... 208,375 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 144,000 ... ... 180,000 ... ... 144,000 ... ... 151,200 ... ... 157,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,400 ... ... 140,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 121,300 ... ... 122,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 86,035 ... ... 15 ... ... 25 ... ... 367,155 ... ... 95,455 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,300 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 78,700 ... ... 78,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,100 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 60,000 ... ... 67,500 ... ... 67,100 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 446,290 227,645 218,645 115 45 75 155 60 95 1,585,705 796,290 789,415 476,520 240,280 236,245
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,280 45,400 43,080 43,000 38,000 46,000 45,000 44,000 45,000 45,480 48,000 42,920 45,520 46,520 44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,760 37,240 36,240 36,000 32,000 38,000 38,000 38,000 38,000 38,040 39,400 36,640 37,600 37,920 37,280
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,723,215 851,580 871,635 450 215 235 570 275 295 8,308,480 4,126,810 4,181,665 1,959,355 965,630 993,725
0 to 17 years 316,605 161,795 154,815 90 45 50 135 75 65 1,648,330 844,730 803,600 365,020 186,710 178,315
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,865 52,630 40 20 20 40 20 20 515,725 264,785 250,935 120,615 61,615 58,995
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,585 567,820 275 140 135 380 185 190 5,060,160 2,529,275 2,530,885 1,276,910 638,650 638,260
65 years and over 266,200 117,200 149,000 80 30 50 65 20 40 1,599,990 752,815 847,180 317,425 140,270 177,155
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 299,080 143,995 155,085 40 20 25 75 30 45 992,235 463,295 528,940 321,885 154,370 167,510
0 to 17 years 49,430 25,350 24,085 0 0 0 10 5 5 159,530 82,000 77,530 54,265 27,870 26,395
0 to 5 years 17,500 8,905 8,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 53,105 27,240 25,870 18,760 9,545 9,215
18 to 64 years 184,970 93,610 91,360 30 15 10 50 25 30 515,470 256,435 259,035 197,020 99,310 97,710
65 years and over 64,675 25,040 39,635 10 5 10 10 0 5 317,235 124,865 192,370 70,600 27,185 43,415
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 17.4 16.9 17.8 9.2 9.5 9.0 12.8 11.0 14.4 11.9 11.2 12.7 16.4 16.0 16.9
0 to 17 years (%) 15.6 15.7 15.6 x x x 9.0 8.0 10.0 9.7 9.7 9.7 14.9 14.9 14.8
0 to 5 years (%) 16.3 16.2 16.3 x x x x x x 10.3 10.3 10.3 15.6 15.5 15.6
18 to 64 years (%) 16.2 16.3 16.1 10.0 10.0 9.0 14.0 11.0 17.0 10.2 10.1 10.2 15.4 15.6 15.3
65 years and over (%) 24.3 21.4 26.6 14.0 12.0 16.0 16.0 20.0 12.0 19.8 16.6 22.7 22.2 19.4 24.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 450 215 235 575 280 295 8,268,130 4,106,780 4,161,350 1,959,355 965,625 993,730
0 to 17 years 316,610 161,790 154,815 95 45 45 130 70 60 1,634,715 837,715 797,005 365,025 186,705 178,315
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,870 52,635 45 20 25 40 20 20 511,400 262,535 248,860 120,610 61,615 58,995
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,580 567,825 275 140 135 375 185 195 5,037,010 2,517,975 2,519,035 1,276,910 638,655 638,260
65 years and over 266,195 117,200 148,995 80 35 50 60 20 40 1,596,400 751,095 845,310 317,425 140,265 177,155
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 199,665 102,220 97,440 25 10 15 45 20 20 439,850 223,055 216,795 213,720 108,905 104,815
0 to 17 years 26,605 13,610 12,995 0 0 0 5 5 5 61,665 31,610 30,060 29,585 15,165 14,425
0 to 5 years 9,255 4,715 4,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,815 10,190 9,630 9,970 5,080 4,890
18 to 64 years 144,765 77,525 67,235 20 5 15 35 15 20 313,970 167,015 146,955 153,385 81,765 71,620
65 years and over 28,295 11,090 17,205 5 0 0 5 5 0 64,210 24,430 39,780 30,745 11,975 18,775
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 11.6 12.0 11.2 5.6 5.0 6.0 7.6 7.2 8.0 5.3 5.4 5.2 10.9 11.3 10.6
0 to 17 years (%) 8.4 8.4 8.4 x x x x x x 3.8 3.8 3.8 8.1 8.1 8.1
0 to 5 years (%) 8.6 8.6 8.6 x x x x x x 3.9 3.9 3.9 8.3 8.3 8.3
18 to 64 years (%) 12.7 13.5 11.8 7.6 6.0 9.0 9.5 9.0 10.0 6.2 6.6 5.8 12.0 12.8 11.2
65 years and over (%) 10.6 9.5 11.6 x x x 8.0 x x 4.0 3.3 4.7 9.7 8.5 10.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,723,215 851,575 871,635 450 215 230 570 275 295 8,308,480 4,126,810 4,181,665 1,959,355 965,630 993,730
In bottom half of the distribution 1,097,735 535,190 562,545 240 105 130 325 155 170 4,667,030 2,270,130 2,396,895 1,196,770 581,490 615,280
In bottom decile 278,660 138,645 140,020 35 20 20 75 35 40 851,840 407,705 444,140 298,540 147,890 150,655
In second decile 226,095 107,680 118,415 35 15 20 70 35 40 920,490 434,730 485,760 244,435 115,985 128,450
In third decile 221,215 107,370 113,845 40 15 25 55 25 35 969,255 471,650 497,600 240,895 116,550 124,345
In fourth decile 197,520 96,110 101,415 90 40 45 70 35 30 978,345 482,760 495,590 218,125 105,885 112,240
In fifth decile 174,245 85,395 88,855 35 15 20 55 30 25 947,090 473,285 473,810 194,765 95,185 99,580
In top half of the distribution 625,475 316,385 309,090 210 105 105 250 125 125 3,641,455 1,856,685 1,784,765 762,590 384,140 378,450
In sixth decile 150,945 74,795 76,155 25 15 10 30 15 20 899,660 454,970 444,690 172,200 85,100 87,095
In seventh decile 134,455 67,455 67,000 35 15 20 55 25 30 837,225 425,400 411,830 156,540 78,290 78,250
In eighth decile 121,350 61,450 59,900 60 25 35 55 25 30 752,410 383,450 368,955 144,120 72,600 71,525
In ninth decile 108,785 55,650 53,130 45 25 15 50 25 25 634,425 325,700 308,730 134,265 68,285 65,980
In top decile 109,935 57,030 52,905 40 25 20 55 30 25 517,725 267,160 250,565 155,465 79,870 75,595
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,723,210 ... ... 450 ... ... 575 ... ... 8,308,480 ... ... 1,959,355 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.374 ... ... 0.334 ... ... 0.374 ... ... 0.328 ... ... 0.398 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.516 ... ... 0.428 ... ... 0.474 ... ... 0.456 ... ... 0.531 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.318 ... ... 0.280 ... ... 0.310 ... ... 0.280 ... ... 0.335 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.0 ... ... 3.5 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 3.4 ... ... 4.1 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 445 215 235 575 280 295 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995
English only 207,690 107,915 99,775 10 5 0 90 45 50 445,575 228,840 216,735 262,290 133,690 128,600
French only 473,490 215,190 258,295 165 70 95 50 25 30 3,980,275 1,864,675 2,115,605 486,845 221,005 265,840
English and French 1,018,100 519,275 498,830 275 140 135 415 200 215 3,898,980 2,035,230 1,863,750 1,185,020 600,985 584,040
Neither English nor French 41,975 16,745 25,230 0 0 0 10 5 5 82,075 35,200 46,875 45,860 18,340 27,520
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 445 215 235 575 280 295 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995
English 457,725 231,930 225,795 45 20 20 285 140 145 1,088,820 548,595 540,225 605,220 303,380 301,835
French 1,091,480 533,590 557,890 385 175 205 210 110 100 6,909,570 3,412,705 3,496,860 1,156,585 564,525 592,065
English and French 151,345 77,485 73,865 20 15 10 70 30 40 329,515 169,050 160,465 173,785 88,480 85,300
Neither English nor French 40,705 16,120 24,585 0 0 0 10 5 5 79,000 33,590 45,410 44,430 17,640 26,790
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 445 215 235 575 280 295 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995
Single responses 1,615,770 796,000 819,775 435 205 225 525 255 275 8,098,360 4,008,495 4,089,865 1,836,570 902,045 934,520
Official languages 1,044,150 518,340 525,805 335 160 180 350 175 175 6,930,810 3,438,050 3,492,755 1,193,295 590,520 602,775
English 225,920 115,155 110,765 20 10 10 200 95 105 639,365 323,170 316,195 322,315 162,085 160,230
French 818,225 403,185 415,040 315 145 165 150 75 75 6,291,440 3,114,885 3,176,565 870,975 428,435 442,540
Non-official languages 571,625 277,655 293,970 100 50 45 180 85 95 1,167,550 570,440 597,110 643,275 311,525 331,750
Indigenous languages39 355 125 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 41,820 20,480 21,345 455 155 305
Algonquian languages 190 70 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,925 14,200 14,730 225 80 140
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 165 60 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,870 13,715 14,160 190 70 125
Atikamekw 25 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,490 2,825 2,665 25 5 20
Cree languages 95 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,905 7,410 7,495 125 50 75
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 290 275 5 0 5
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,235 1,565 1,670 50 25 30
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 35 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 40 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 5 0 5
Cree, n.o.s. 50 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,870 5,435 5,435 65 20 40
Innu (Montagnais) 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,870 3,180 3,695 35 10 20
Naskapi 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 300 310 5 0 5
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 75 115 10 0 5
Mi'kmaq 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 75 110 10 0 10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 410 450 25 10 10
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 385 435 15 10 10
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 5 5 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 5 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 5 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 5 5 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 5 5 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,775 6,220 6,550 185 45 145
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,770 6,220 6,550 185 45 140
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 35 20 20
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 35 35 20 20
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 15 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 571,270 277,530 293,740 100 50 45 180 85 95 1,125,730 549,960 575,770 642,820 311,370 331,445
Afro-Asiatic languages 119,100 63,230 55,865 45 30 20 10 5 5 233,220 122,895 110,320 129,195 68,395 60,805
Berber languages 15,445 8,305 7,140 5 0 0 5 5 0 25,990 13,860 12,130 15,675 8,420 7,250
Kabyle 14,315 7,650 6,660 5 0 0 5 5 0 23,735 12,570 11,165 14,510 7,750 6,760
Tamazight 985 570 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,975 1,130 840 1,005 580 425
Berber languages, n.i.e. 150 85 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 160 125 155 90 70
Chadic languages 335 180 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 510 470 360 190 170
Hausa 175 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 235 190 185 105 75
Mina 165 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 280 280 175 85 95
Coptic 165 90 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 170 150 190 100 85
Cushitic languages 765 360 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,330 620 705 780 365 410
Bilen 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0
Somali 735 345 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,275 595 680 750 350 400
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 15 15 5 5
Semitic languages 102,380 54,295 48,085 40 25 15 10 5 0 204,600 107,735 96,865 112,200 59,320 52,880
Amharic 495 235 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 345 385 565 265 300
Arabic 99,450 52,790 46,660 40 25 15 10 5 0 198,785 104,765 94,020 107,605 56,960 50,645
Aramaic languages 120 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 250 270 135 60 75
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 85 90 50 20 30
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 10 5 5
Aramaic, n.o.s. 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 150 155 75 35 40
Harari 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Hebrew 1,580 845 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,680 1,930 1,750 3,145 1,650 1,495
Maltese 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 20 5 0 5
Tigrigna 705 360 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 810 415 395 710 360 345
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 25 10 15
Austro-Asiatic languages 23,210 10,690 12,525 5 5 0 5 0 0 37,425 17,185 20,240 24,640 11,340 13,300
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,580 2,090 2,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,730 3,975 4,755 4,695 2,135 2,560
Vietnamese 18,595 8,585 10,005 5 5 0 0 0 0 28,630 13,180 15,450 19,905 9,185 10,725
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 40 20 20
Austronesian languages 15,495 6,045 9,455 0 0 0 5 5 0 25,580 10,200 15,375 18,505 7,175 11,330
Bikol 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 55 80 115 50 70
Bisaya, n.o.s. 305 120 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 175 290 350 140 210
Cebuano 680 250 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,050 370 685 765 295 470
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 390 130 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 205 385 475 170 305
Ilocano 1,650 670 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,125 855 1,275 1,890 765 1,130
Indonesian 405 165 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 730 255 475 450 185 265
Kankanaey 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Kinaray-a 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 25 10 15
Malagasy languages 410 185 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,810 870 940 435 195 235
Merina 285 120 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,180 545 630 290 125 165
Malagasy, n.o.s. 130 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 630 325 310 150 70 75
Malay 45 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 30 50 50 20 30
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 160 75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 95 130 195 85 110
Pangasinan 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 70 100 45 55
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,970 4,220 6,755 0 0 0 5 5 0 17,710 7,005 10,705 13,350 5,085 8,265
Waray-Waray 40 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 45 20 30
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 215 100 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 185 230 240 115 130
Creole languages 36,965 16,655 20,310 10 5 5 0 0 0 62,640 28,375 34,265 37,690 16,985 20,705
Haitian Creole 27,145 12,010 15,135 5 0 0 0 0 0 46,475 20,690 25,785 27,565 12,185 15,375
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 10 15 10 10
Krio 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 10 5
Morisyen 910 440 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,115 1,555 1,555 1,070 525 545
Sango 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 250 50 30 20
Creole, n.o.s. 8,605 4,065 4,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,980 5,620 6,360 8,705 4,110 4,595
Creole languages, n.i.e. 230 100 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 255 300 275 125 150
Dravidian languages 12,090 6,330 5,765 0 0 0 5 5 5 18,350 9,425 8,925 13,620 7,090 6,525
Kannada 225 140 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 215 160 285 170 115
Malayalam 1,315 700 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,800 945 850 1,470 780 685
Tamil 9,175 4,555 4,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,235 7,030 7,205 10,370 5,155 5,215
Telugu 1,350 915 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,895 1,215 680 1,465 975 485
Tulu 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 20 10 10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 10 5 10
Georgian 105 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 125 60 70
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5
Indo-European languages 289,040 139,810 149,235 35 15 20 120 60 60 595,790 290,670 305,115 329,415 158,980 170,435
Albanian 1,795 885 910 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,310 1,660 1,650 1,935 955 975
Armenian 5,565 2,645 2,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,890 8,225 8,670 6,520 3,105 3,420
Balto-Slavic languages 29,665 13,025 16,635 0 0 0 35 20 20 68,295 30,855 37,435 37,235 16,405 20,835
Baltic languages 315 125 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 285 440 430 160 275
Latvian 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 100 135 150 60 85
Lithuanian 205 70 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 185 300 285 95 185
Slavic languages 29,350 12,905 16,445 0 0 0 35 20 20 67,565 30,570 36,995 36,800 16,245 20,555
Belarusian 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40 40 20 20
Bulgarian 3,100 1,440 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,735 3,240 3,495 3,670 1,715 1,950
Czech 555 255 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 625 725 750 340 415
Macedonian 95 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 110 115 115 50 60
Polish 5,875 2,530 3,345 0 0 0 5 5 0 12,495 5,380 7,120 7,520 3,215 4,300
Russian 14,020 6,080 7,940 0 0 0 20 10 10 31,700 14,115 17,590 17,695 7,755 9,935
Rusyn 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0
Serbo-Croatian 2,580 1,265 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 5 8,415 4,180 4,235 3,130 1,515 1,615
Bosnian 340 170 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,065 1,040 1,030 385 185 200
Croatian 865 415 450 0 0 0 0 0 5 2,380 1,155 1,225 1,095 520 575
Serbian 1,300 645 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,720 1,865 1,855 1,570 765 800
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 120 125 85 35 45
Slovak 345 130 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 380 475 495 190 305
Slovene (Slovenian) 240 100 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 265 335 315 130 180
Ukrainian 2,490 1,045 1,440 0 0 0 5 5 5 5,065 2,220 2,845 3,045 1,290 1,755
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 30 25 10 15
Celtic languages 40 25 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 80 55 50 40 20
Irish 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 5 15 10 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 5 10 5 0
Welsh 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 20 10 10
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 20 15 10 5
Germanic languages 11,285 5,660 5,630 0 0 0 5 0 0 25,580 12,440 13,140 14,215 6,910 7,305
Frisian 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 5 5 0
High German languages 9,860 4,925 4,935 0 0 0 5 0 0 21,145 10,240 10,910 12,245 5,930 6,315
German 3,360 1,560 1,795 0 0 0 5 0 0 11,055 5,090 5,970 4,995 2,220 2,770
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 235 125 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 565 540 310 160 145
Yiddish 6,270 3,240 3,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,980 4,585 4,395 6,945 3,545 3,395
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 895 465 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,175 1,580 1,590 1,265 635 635
Afrikaans 65 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 90 50 45
Dutch 740 390 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,590 1,305 1,285 1,065 545 520
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Plautdietsch 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 5 0 5
Vlaams (Flemish) 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 185 220 100 40 65
Scandinavian languages 480 245 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 560 575 655 320 330
Danish 150 70 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 175 185 190 85 105
Icelandic 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 45 20 20
Norwegian 65 35 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 110 60 55
Swedish 230 120 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 260 275 305 155 150
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 45 20 30
Greek 14,410 6,805 7,605 5 5 0 5 0 0 34,080 16,735 17,345 17,080 8,125 8,955
Indo-Iranian languages 58,285 30,880 27,410 0 0 0 15 5 10 101,450 52,780 48,665 68,600 36,145 32,455
Indo-Aryan languages 42,700 23,120 19,580 0 0 0 10 5 5 63,025 33,465 29,555 48,035 25,870 22,165
Assamese 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 20 10 10
Bengali 9,850 5,065 4,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,140 6,220 5,920 10,220 5,260 4,960
Gujarati 4,805 2,565 2,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,070 3,655 3,415 5,940 3,100 2,840
Hindi 3,655 2,135 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,445 3,080 2,360 4,270 2,465 1,800
Kacchi 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 80 90 120 55 65
Kashmiri 25 15 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 30 20 10
Konkani 55 35 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 35 65 35 30
Marathi 345 200 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 285 235 400 225 175
Nepali 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,105 560 545 370 190 175
Oriya languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 30 45 25 25
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 25 15 10
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 20 10 5
Punjabi (Panjabi) 16,345 9,050 7,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,825 12,975 10,855 18,260 10,100 8,160
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 45 70 0 0 0
Sindhi 45 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 60 45 75 40 30
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 390 205 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 375 350 475 245 230
Urdu 6,535 3,480 3,060 0 0 0 5 0 5 11,320 5,860 5,465 7,550 3,975 3,575
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 170 95 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 150 115 195 110 85
Iranian languages 15,575 7,755 7,820 0 0 0 10 5 5 38,400 19,305 19,090 20,550 10,275 10,275
Baluchi 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Kurdish 435 245 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,120 630 485 475 265 205
Parsi 25 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 25 15 35 25 15
Pashto 975 525 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 810 680 1,020 545 470
Persian languages 14,065 6,930 7,135 0 0 0 5 0 5 35,615 17,770 17,850 18,950 9,395 9,555
Dari 1,085 520 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,665 5,370 5,295 1,245 605 640
Iranian Persian 11,665 5,750 5,915 0 0 0 5 0 5 22,130 10,990 11,140 16,025 7,945 8,080
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,410 1,410 1,680 845 830
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 70 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 65 65 70 35 35
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 15 5 15
Italic (Romance) languages 167,975 79,875 88,100 25 15 20 60 30 30 346,000 167,870 178,130 183,755 87,295 96,460
Catalan 190 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 165 160 210 100 105
Italian 57,590 26,825 30,760 5 0 5 10 5 5 90,940 44,080 46,865 63,560 29,680 33,880
Portuguese 18,080 8,625 9,455 0 0 0 5 5 0 41,545 19,890 21,650 19,465 9,245 10,215
Romanian 12,300 5,780 6,525 0 0 0 15 5 10 35,810 17,115 18,695 15,020 7,070 7,945
Spanish 79,720 38,505 41,210 15 5 5 35 20 15 177,155 86,490 90,660 85,395 41,150 44,250
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 125 105 110 50 55
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 30 20 10 10
Japanese 1,590 475 1,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,760 795 1,965 1,855 570 1,290
Korean 3,810 1,650 2,160 0 0 0 5 0 5 6,670 2,860 3,815 5,025 2,180 2,845
Mongolian 100 35 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 90 135 180 75 110
Niger-Congo languages 13,245 6,595 6,650 5 0 5 0 0 0 33,495 16,630 16,865 13,775 6,870 6,905
Akan (Twi) 620 305 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 490 490 690 340 350
Bamanankan 665 360 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 795 700 690 365 320
Edo 60 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 50 65 25 40
Éwé 330 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 995 535 465 345 195 155
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1,245 640 605 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,380 1,285 1,270 650 620
Ga 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 30 55 35 25
Ganda 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 25 10 15
Gikuyu 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 5 5 5
Igbo 90 55 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 85 60 105 65 40
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,090 490 595 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,420 1,530 1,895 1,150 515 630
Lingala 1,680 750 930 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,975 1,340 1,635 1,715 770 945
Luba-Kasai 140 60 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 145 145 140 65 80
Mòoré 150 85 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 405 205 205 160 85 75
Mwani 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 25 10 10
Ndebele 30 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 20 35 35 15 15
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,320 595 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,585 2,165 2,415 1,355 615 740
Shona 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 60 85 45 45
Soninke 205 135 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 175 95 205 135 70
Sotho-Tswana languages 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 10 5 10
Swahili 795 385 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,975 1,935 2,035 815 395 415
Wojenaka 485 225 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 910 435 475 485 225 255
Wolof 1,495 800 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,940 2,100 1,840 1,545 830 720
Yoruba 625 325 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 470 410 660 350 315
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,045 1,060 980 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,105 2,630 2,475 2,125 1,105 1,020
Nilo-Saharan languages 340 190 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 535 480 360 200 165
Dinka 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 10 0 5
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 275 150 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 450 400 285 160 130
African, n.o.s. 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 75 65 40 30
Sign languages 275 140 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 680 600 310 160 150
American Sign Language 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 55 60 35 30
Quebec Sign Language 185 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 930 485 445 190 90 95
Sign languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 130 95 65 35 30
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,550 21,145 25,405 0 0 0 20 10 15 87,540 40,170 47,375 57,075 26,030 31,035
Chinese languages 46,390 21,080 25,315 0 0 0 20 10 15 87,155 39,990 47,160 56,890 25,955 30,935
Hakka 210 85 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 470 200 270 265 105 155
Mandarin 29,410 13,275 16,135 0 0 0 20 10 10 57,445 26,210 31,235 37,985 17,270 20,715
Min Dong 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 20 10 10
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,730 760 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,670 1,180 1,485 1,895 830 1,065
Wu (Shanghainese) 440 195 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 790 365 430 545 250 295
Yue (Cantonese) 13,690 6,300 7,390 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,235 11,275 12,965 15,185 6,995 8,195
Chinese, n.o.s. 855 435 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,425 710 715 940 470 470
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 35 45 50 25 25
Tibeto-Burman languages 120 55 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 140 175 140 55 80
Burmese 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 25 55 60 15 45
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 65 65 65 35 35
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 35 10 10 5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 45 20 25
Tai-Kadai languages 1,705 735 965 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,855 2,040 2,820 1,770 755 1,010
Lao 1,280 615 665 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,815 1,805 2,010 1,320 635 690
Thai 405 115 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 220 795 430 115 315
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 20 5 10
Turkic languages 5,370 2,745 2,625 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,230 4,775 4,455 5,945 3,030 2,910
Azerbaijani 250 155 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 250 160 285 175 105
Kazakh 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 20 30 15 15
Turkish 4,825 2,455 2,370 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,220 4,240 3,975 5,300 2,685 2,615
Uyghur 140 65 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 110 125 145 70 75
Uzbek 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 80 90 80 40 40
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 90 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 60 80 105 40 65
Uralic languages 2,190 965 1,225 0 0 0 5 0 5 5,335 2,465 2,865 3,230 1,420 1,810
Estonian 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 60 95 110 40 65
Finnish 140 55 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 120 190 175 65 110
Hungarian 1,985 880 1,105 0 0 0 5 0 5 4,865 2,290 2,575 2,940 1,310 1,625
Other languages, n.i.e. 80 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 95 75 95 45 45
Multiple responses 125,490 63,125 62,360 15 10 10 45 20 25 308,550 155,455 153,095 143,450 71,980 71,470
English and French 35,195 17,970 17,225 5 10 5 25 10 15 126,405 64,585 61,820 42,695 21,750 20,940
English and non-official language(s) 26,945 13,375 13,565 0 0 0 10 5 5 49,485 24,660 24,825 32,265 15,955 16,310
French and non-official language(s) 44,880 22,480 22,400 10 0 5 10 5 0 94,205 46,880 47,320 47,185 23,615 23,570
English, French and non-official language(s) 13,590 7,010 6,580 0 0 0 5 5 0 28,685 14,700 13,985 15,685 8,025 7,655
Multiple non-official languages 4,880 2,290 2,590 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 4,625 5,140 5,625 2,630 3,000
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 445 215 235 575 280 295 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995
English 236,770 119,975 116,790 30 15 15 215 110 110 623,305 313,780 309,520 340,470 170,050 170,425
French 743,335 365,685 377,655 310 140 170 110 60 50 6,032,885 2,983,330 3,049,555 779,125 383,000 396,125
Non-official language 182,560 86,255 96,305 20 10 10 70 30 35 366,730 177,410 189,315 204,395 96,705 107,690
Indigenous39 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,080 11,585 11,495 80 30 50
Non-Indigenous 182,495 86,230 96,265 20 10 10 70 30 35 343,650 165,830 177,825 204,315 96,670 107,645
English and French 146,050 75,850 70,210 30 20 15 80 35 45 497,380 256,735 240,645 173,135 89,205 83,935
English and non-official language(s) 111,510 55,685 55,830 5 0 0 30 15 20 205,755 102,290 103,470 135,390 66,995 68,400
French and non-official language(s) 174,715 83,145 91,570 45 20 20 30 15 10 375,795 179,585 196,210 180,900 85,935 94,965
English, French and non-official language(s) 135,525 67,480 68,045 10 5 5 30 10 20 284,940 141,275 143,665 154,470 76,450 78,020
Multiple non-official languages 10,780 5,055 5,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,125 9,545 10,585 12,130 5,690 6,435
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 445 215 235 575 280 295 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 1,980,015 974,020 1,005,995
Single responses 1,586,665 782,610 804,055 425 205 220 520 255 265 8,049,665 3,987,880 4,061,785 1,806,270 888,385 917,885
Official languages 1,255,565 623,405 632,155 395 190 205 425 210 215 7,387,055 3,665,020 3,722,030 1,435,980 710,425 725,555
English 347,110 175,135 171,970 45 20 20 280 135 150 874,185 438,570 435,615 479,850 239,270 240,580
French 908,455 448,270 460,180 355 165 185 145 80 70 6,512,870 3,226,445 3,286,420 956,130 471,155 484,975
Non-official languages 331,100 159,200 171,905 30 15 20 95 40 55 662,615 322,860 339,750 370,290 177,955 192,335
Indigenous languages39 125 50 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,245 17,040 17,200 160 65 100
Algonquian languages 80 35 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,430 11,165 11,265 95 45 50
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,115 11,025 11,090 80 35 50
Atikamekw 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,330 2,275 2,055 10 0 5
Cree languages 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,895 5,960 5,935 60 25 30
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 295 265 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,495 1,205 1,290 30 15 10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,680 4,370 4,310 25 10 15
Innu (Montagnais) 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,400 2,540 2,860 20 10 10
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 255 240 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 30 45 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 110 120 10 10 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 120 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,755 5,840 5,910 55 10 45
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 30 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,750 5,840 5,910 50 10 45
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 330,975 159,150 171,830 30 15 20 95 40 55 628,365 305,820 322,555 370,125 177,895 192,235
Afro-Asiatic languages 61,235 31,705 29,525 20 10 10 0 0 0 116,685 59,645 57,040 66,095 34,080 32,015
Berber languages 6,795 3,645 3,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,635 5,585 5,045 6,870 3,680 3,190
Kabyle 6,320 3,390 2,930 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,765 5,115 4,655 6,385 3,420 2,965
Tamazight 360 195 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 670 365 305 375 205 170
Berber languages, n.i.e. 110 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 195 110 90 115 60 55
Chadic languages 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 165 170 125 60 65
Hausa 80 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 85 90 85 45 40
Mina 40 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 75 80 40 15 25
Coptic 120 65 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 115 115 140 65 70
Cushitic languages 365 170 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 280 325 370 175 195
Bilen 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 10 5 10
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 345 160 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 265 315 350 165 185
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 5 5 0
Semitic languages 53,825 27,770 26,060 20 10 10 0 0 0 104,890 53,505 51,380 58,585 30,100 28,490
Amharic 240 115 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 155 175 270 130 145
Arabic 52,330 27,000 25,325 20 10 10 0 0 0 102,120 52,125 49,990 56,520 29,075 27,445
Aramaic languages 75 30 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 380 185 190 85 35 50
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 35 5 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 60 75 35 10 25
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 5 5 5
Aramaic, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 105 100 40 20 20
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 715 375 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,515 760 755 1,230 615 610
Maltese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Tigrigna 445 230 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 250 240 450 230 220
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 30 10 15
Austro-Asiatic languages 16,465 7,600 8,865 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,500 11,410 13,090 17,355 8,030 9,325
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,860 1,295 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,670 2,915 1,315 1,595
Vietnamese 13,590 6,300 7,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,595 9,185 10,405 14,425 6,710 7,720
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 15 5 10
Austronesian languages 9,325 3,930 5,395 0 0 0 5 5 5 13,845 6,335 7,515 10,910 4,620 6,295
Bikol 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 40 15 25
Bisaya, n.o.s. 170 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 100 125 190 85 105
Cebuano 425 180 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 240 320 475 200 270
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 235 90 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 135 185 280 115 165
Ilocano 960 415 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,175 510 665 1,075 465 610
Indonesian 170 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 195 90 105
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 0
Kinaray-a 20 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Malagasy languages 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 325 285 125 60 65
Merina 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 305 165 145 65 30 35
Malagasy, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 145 55 25 30
Malay 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 10 10 5
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 110 55 60
Pangasinan 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 25 10 15
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,960 2,890 4,070 0 0 0 5 5 5 10,260 4,690 5,570 8,240 3,435 4,805
Waray-Waray 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 15 5 5
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 95 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 90 110 55 55
Creole languages 17,395 7,710 9,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,985 11,815 15,170 17,685 7,840 9,845
Haitian Creole 12,640 5,455 7,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,535 8,310 11,230 12,780 5,515 7,265
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 5 5
Krio 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 475 225 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,590 765 825 580 280 300
Sango 10 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 110 125 10 10 5
Creole, n.o.s. 4,185 1,980 2,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,390 2,520 2,865 4,210 1,990 2,220
Creole languages, n.i.e. 75 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 110 120 95 50 45
Dravidian languages 9,345 4,775 4,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,800 6,935 6,865 10,460 5,315 5,145
Kannada 115 65 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 105 90 150 80 65
Malayalam 970 520 445 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,225 645 580 1,035 550 485
Tamil 7,425 3,635 3,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,215 5,465 5,755 8,370 4,095 4,270
Telugu 820 550 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 700 435 895 580 315
Tulu 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 10 5 5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 5 10 5 5
Georgian 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 50 25 30
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 168,495 80,690 87,800 10 0 5 65 30 35 336,635 164,100 172,535 188,550 90,370 98,185
Albanian 1,050 505 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,910 945 970 1,115 545 575
Armenian 3,895 1,770 2,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,325 5,870 6,455 4,370 1,985 2,390
Balto-Slavic languages 17,140 7,850 9,295 0 0 0 20 10 10 39,725 18,855 20,870 21,410 9,870 11,540
Baltic languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 60 90 105 45 65
Latvian 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 40 20 20
Lithuanian 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 35 60 70 25 40
Slavic languages 17,055 7,810 9,250 0 0 0 20 10 10 39,575 18,795 20,775 21,300 9,830 11,475
Belarusian 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 5 5 5
Bulgarian 2,020 960 1,060 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,535 2,230 2,305 2,425 1,165 1,265
Czech 165 75 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 180 200 210 100 115
Macedonian 60 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 65 60 70 30 35
Polish 2,505 1,085 1,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,795 2,110 2,685 3,090 1,355 1,740
Russian 9,755 4,475 5,285 0 0 0 15 10 5 22,770 10,815 11,960 12,475 5,775 6,700
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,200 575 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,205 2,085 2,125 1,445 685 760
Bosnian 170 80 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,075 530 545 195 90 105
Croatian 365 165 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 945 445 505 435 195 240
Serbian 645 320 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,090 1,060 1,030 795 395 400
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50 45 25 5 15
Slovak 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 85 115 120 50 70
Slovene (Slovenian) 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 85 90 45 50
Ukrainian 1,185 545 640 0 0 0 5 5 5 2,375 1,135 1,240 1,365 625 735
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 5 5
Celtic languages 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 10 10 5
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 5 10 5 5
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 5 5 0
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Germanic languages 6,300 3,280 3,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,320 5,250 5,075 6,845 3,535 3,320
Frisian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 30 75 5 0 5
High German languages 6,055 3,160 2,895 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,600 4,930 4,675 6,500 3,370 3,130
German 510 245 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,685 805 880 770 360 410
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 125 115 30 15 10
Yiddish 5,525 2,905 2,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,680 4,000 3,675 5,700 2,995 2,700
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 145 70 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 200 215 220 105 115
Afrikaans 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 35 45 20 25
Dutch 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 145 155 155 80 75
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 15 0 10
Scandinavian languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 85 95 120 50 65
Danish 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 25 10 15
Icelandic 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 25 5 15
Norwegian 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 10 5 5
Swedish 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 50 50 60 30 35
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 10 10 0 5
Greek 7,530 3,370 4,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,235 7,015 8,220 8,270 3,715 4,555
Indo-Iranian languages 43,235 22,475 20,760 0 0 0 10 5 5 74,455 38,045 36,410 50,680 26,200 24,485
Indo-Aryan languages 32,115 17,085 15,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,420 24,225 22,195 35,595 18,850 16,750
Assamese 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Bengali 7,290 3,630 3,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,760 4,360 4,405 7,495 3,730 3,765
Gujarati 3,250 1,705 1,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,630 2,360 2,270 3,960 2,040 1,920
Hindi 2,460 1,380 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,525 1,915 1,615 2,820 1,560 1,260
Kacchi 60 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 75 35 40
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Konkani 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 5 20 10 5
Marathi 160 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 135 120 180 100 80
Nepali 225 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 445 430 240 125 115
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 5 0
Odia 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 5 5 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 13,485 7,465 6,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,290 10,435 8,855 14,920 8,220 6,695
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 45 0 0 0
Sindhi 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 20 10 10
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 245 130 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 225 205 270 145 125
Urdu 4,795 2,465 2,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,160 4,090 5,470 2,800 2,670
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 120 60 55
Iranian languages 11,115 5,390 5,730 0 0 0 10 5 5 28,020 13,810 14,210 15,075 7,345 7,730
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurdish 220 120 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 325 300 250 135 120
Parsi 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 15 5 5
Pashto 750 405 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 590 520 775 410 360
Persian languages 10,090 4,835 5,250 0 0 0 5 0 5 26,205 12,850 13,355 13,990 6,770 7,220
Dari 675 320 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,595 3,780 3,815 800 390 415
Iranian Persian 8,570 4,115 4,460 0 0 0 5 0 5 16,660 8,135 8,530 12,080 5,855 6,225
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 845 400 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 940 1,005 1,110 530 585
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 35 35 15 20
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 5 10 0 5
Italic (Romance) languages 89,325 41,435 47,885 10 0 5 35 15 20 182,585 88,060 94,525 95,835 44,515 51,315
Catalan 75 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 70 65 80 40 40
Italian 21,255 8,905 12,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,290 11,205 15,085 22,105 9,270 12,835
Portuguese 9,715 4,550 5,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,885 9,965 10,920 10,365 4,860 5,500
Romanian 7,290 3,495 3,800 0 0 0 5 0 5 22,255 10,895 11,355 8,915 4,290 4,620
Spanish 50,960 24,440 26,520 0 0 0 25 10 10 112,915 55,870 57,050 54,335 26,035 28,300
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 45 40 25 20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 10 5 5
Japanese 705 285 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,155 455 700 840 340 500
Korean 2,705 1,205 1,495 0 0 0 5 0 5 4,760 2,135 2,630 3,655 1,635 2,015
Mongolian 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 80 130 55 70
Niger-Congo languages 4,240 2,060 2,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,160 4,895 5,265 4,365 2,125 2,240
Akan (Twi) 340 160 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 235 245 370 175 190
Bamanankan 205 100 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 385 195 195 205 100 105
Edo 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 20 10 10
Éwé 85 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 115 110 90 45 45
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 455 235 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 850 445 410 455 240 215
Ga 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 25 10 15
Ganda 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 5 0 5
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 20 10 10
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 335 145 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 965 415 545 350 145 200
Lingala 570 255 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 930 410 525 585 255 325
Luba-Kasai 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 20 10 5 5
Mòoré 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 25 10 10
Mwani 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 10 5 0
Ndebele 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 5 0 5
Rundi (Kirundi) 465 215 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,655 775 875 480 220 255
Shona 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 35 15 20
Soninke 95 65 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 75 35 95 65 30
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0
Swahili 290 155 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,665 810 855 300 160 135
Wojenaka 130 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 100 145 130 50 80
Wolof 600 325 275 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,470 795 675 620 335 285
Yoruba 180 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 115 130 190 90 100
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 330 150 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 320 400 345 155 185
Nilo-Saharan languages 105 60 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 195 200 110 60 55
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuer 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 185 105 60 45
African, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 10 5 5
Sign languages 515 300 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,235 1,285 945 595 350 250
American Sign Language 90 45 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 165 135 140 75 65
Quebec Sign Language 305 165 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,385 775 615 325 175 145
Sign languages, n.i.e. 125 85 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 550 345 205 135 95 40
Sino-Tibetan languages 35,185 16,285 18,900 0 0 0 15 5 5 67,120 31,725 35,390 43,570 20,275 23,295
Chinese languages 35,100 16,245 18,855 0 0 0 15 5 5 66,880 31,610 35,275 43,475 20,230 23,240
Hakka 75 35 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 65 80 80 40 45
Mandarin 23,585 10,965 12,620 0 0 0 15 5 5 46,925 22,275 24,650 30,855 14,425 16,430
Min Dong 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 5 0 5
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,050 460 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,510 680 835 1,135 505 635
Wu (Shanghainese) 285 135 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 260 275 355 170 185
Yue (Cantonese) 9,590 4,395 5,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,860 7,870 8,985 10,470 4,815 5,655
Chinese, n.o.s. 505 250 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 445 430 560 270 285
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 15 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 90 100 70 30 35
Burmese 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 35 15 20
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 40 35 20 15
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 35 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 20 30 10 15
Tai-Kadai languages 870 405 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,325 1,095 1,230 895 420 480
Lao 715 350 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,060 995 1,065 740 360 385
Thai 150 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 95 160 155 60 95
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0
Turkic languages 3,575 1,790 1,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,005 3,005 3,000 3,885 1,945 1,945
Azerbaijani 100 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 95 75 115 65 50
Kazakh 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 5 0 5
Turkish 3,325 1,665 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,540 2,780 2,765 3,595 1,795 1,805
Uyghur 100 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 85 100 45 60
Uzbek 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 40 25 20
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 15 30 15 10
Uralic languages 695 285 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 670 830 935 395 535
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 5 5 5
Finnish 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 25 10 15
Hungarian 675 275 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,445 645 805 895 380 520
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 30 15 15
Multiple responses 154,590 76,515 78,075 20 10 10 50 20 30 357,245 176,070 181,175 173,745 85,640 88,110
English and French 45,705 23,415 22,290 5 5 0 30 20 15 137,120 69,025 68,095 53,305 27,065 26,240
English and non-official language(s) 32,655 15,945 16,710 0 0 0 10 5 5 60,495 29,540 30,950 39,365 19,140 20,225
French and non-official language(s) 55,175 26,790 28,385 20 5 10 5 0 0 116,595 56,445 60,150 57,355 27,790 29,565
English, French and non-official language(s) 19,445 9,630 9,820 0 0 0 5 0 10 39,875 19,575 20,300 21,910 10,810 11,100
Multiple non-official languages 1,605 740 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,160 1,485 1,675 1,815 840 980
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 450 215 235 570 280 295 8,406,905 4,163,945 4,242,960 1,980,015 974,025 1,005,995
None 1,279,175 629,625 649,555 380 175 200 445 220 225 7,302,915 3,612,760 3,690,155 1,454,735 714,280 740,455
English 115,715 59,690 56,025 15 10 10 25 5 15 353,690 183,470 170,225 131,630 67,290 64,340
French 109,450 53,550 55,895 20 10 10 45 20 25 259,425 127,380 132,040 126,780 62,180 64,600
Non-official language 129,625 62,430 67,195 20 15 5 35 15 20 269,715 129,830 139,890 144,335 69,210 75,130
Indigenous39 145 55 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,315 2,495 2,820 185 75 110
Non-Indigenous 129,480 62,370 67,105 20 15 5 35 15 20 264,405 127,330 137,070 144,155 69,135 75,015
English and French 29,960 15,165 14,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,955 31,425 30,525 34,410 17,320 17,090
English and non-official language(s) 35,695 18,170 17,525 5 0 0 5 0 0 76,755 38,765 37,990 38,875 19,700 19,180
French and non-official language(s) 27,860 13,495 14,370 5 5 0 15 5 5 55,860 26,915 28,945 33,620 16,170 17,450
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,580 1,835 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,295 3,700 3,595 4,120 2,100 2,025
Multiple non-official languages 10,200 5,165 5,035 0 0 0 5 5 0 19,290 9,695 9,595 11,505 5,770 5,735
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 380 170 210 540 265 280 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625 1,959,355 965,670 993,685
Official languages 1,681,610 834,860 846,755 380 170 210 535 265 270 8,227,220 4,091,995 4,135,230 1,913,970 947,390 966,575
English 1,216,575 623,125 593,455 245 120 125 480 240 245 4,317,180 2,253,720 2,063,465 1,435,560 729,670 705,890
French 1,475,945 727,525 748,420 380 170 210 435 230 210 7,786,735 3,864,990 3,921,750 1,655,330 814,660 840,670
Non-official languages 862,365 420,005 442,360 160 70 85 250 125 130 1,853,710 899,285 954,430 971,455 471,755 499,700
Indigenous languages39 800 315 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,165 24,530 25,640 890 350 540
Algonquian languages 365 150 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,985 17,600 18,380 400 170 225
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 260 100 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,860 16,570 17,290 290 110 175
Atikamekw 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,770 3,435 3,330 20 0 15
Cree languages 150 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,930 8,910 9,020 180 75 110
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 40 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 425 430 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,230 2,040 2,195 75 40 40
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 35 40 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 120 145 15 0 15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,650 6,365 6,285 75 30 45
Innu (Montagnais) 80 25 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,710 3,990 4,720 80 25 60
Naskapi 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 495 505 20 10 10
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 210 160 25 10 10
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 205 160 25 10 10
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 90 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,945 900 1,045 105 55 45
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,750 800 955 30 20 15
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 55 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 110 100 65 40 35
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 75 70 50 20 25
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 20 15 10
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 20 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 45 35 20 15
Northern Athabaskan languages 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 40 30 20 10
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 25 15 10
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 15 10 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 315 75 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,900 6,750 7,150 365 85 275
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 310 75 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,880 6,740 7,140 360 85 275
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 65 50 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 125 110 65 55 20
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 60 45 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 110 100 65 50 20
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0
Salish languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 30 0 10 10 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 20 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 45 15 15 10 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 50 45 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 861,690 419,765 441,925 160 70 85 250 125 130 1,804,195 875,095 929,095 970,710 471,495 499,220
Afro-Asiatic languages 193,965 101,880 92,090 50 25 25 45 15 30 385,210 201,105 184,100 217,295 113,605 103,690
Berber languages 23,765 12,670 11,095 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,965 21,145 18,820 24,100 12,860 11,245
Kabyle 21,490 11,425 10,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,660 18,725 16,930 21,780 11,590 10,195
Tamazight 2,020 1,120 900 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,840 2,160 1,680 2,055 1,140 915
Berber languages, n.i.e. 560 290 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 545 455 560 290 270
Chadic languages 1,205 655 545 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,900 1,550 1,350 1,245 675 565
Hausa 575 370 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 725 525 600 380 215
Mina 625 290 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,650 825 825 645 295 350
Coptic 745 385 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,150 580 575 795 415 385
Cushitic languages 1,160 540 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,145 990 1,160 1,185 555 625
Bilen 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 15 10 0
Oromo 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 35 10 10 0
Somali 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,025 925 1,100 1,140 530 610
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 50 50 15 40
Semitic languages 182,025 95,605 86,420 50 25 25 45 15 30 363,875 190,005 173,870 205,120 107,210 97,905
Amharic 780 375 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,225 605 620 880 435 445
Arabic 173,385 91,115 82,270 50 25 25 35 15 25 343,675 179,750 163,930 188,115 98,545 89,565
Aramaic languages 215 95 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 935 460 480 230 100 135
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 110 100 55 20 35
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 10 10 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 155 70 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 310 345 170 75 100
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 7,665 4,080 3,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,210 9,935 9,275 16,440 8,520 7,920
Maltese 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 25 25 15 10
Tigrigna 820 400 420 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,010 490 520 820 400 420
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 75 50 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 75 50 25
Austro-Asiatic languages 30,875 14,470 16,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 49,720 23,320 26,405 32,680 15,395 17,290
Khmer (Cambodian) 6,850 3,180 3,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,785 5,930 6,855 7,045 3,265 3,785
Vietnamese 24,550 11,565 12,985 0 0 0 0 0 0 37,655 17,735 19,920 26,160 12,400 13,760
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 50 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 60 45 60 25 30
Austronesian languages 24,510 9,720 14,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,880 16,660 24,225 29,140 11,470 17,675
Bikol 175 65 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 150 190 250 95 150
Bisaya, n.o.s. 450 200 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 655 285 370 525 230 290
Cebuano 1,155 395 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 625 1,315 1,385 480 905
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 765 265 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,215 470 745 910 340 565
Ilocano 2,925 1,225 1,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,845 1,565 2,280 3,350 1,395 1,950
Indonesian 805 365 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,510 625 885 900 395 505
Kankanaey 45 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 45 45 60 30 35
Kinaray-a 85 25 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 25 60 85 25 60
Malagasy languages 835 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,265 1,670 1,595 855 420 435
Merina 655 320 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,215 1,140 1,075 670 330 345
Malagasy, n.o.s. 185 90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,085 570 515 185 90 90
Malay 355 190 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 595 275 320 390 195 195
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 355 165 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 195 265 395 180 215
Pangasinan 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 90 105 155 70 85
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 21,575 8,340 13,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,810 13,330 20,480 25,940 9,975 15,965
Waray-Waray 120 55 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 100 115 145 70 75
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 905 390 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,645 655 990 1,040 445 595
Creole languages 74,245 33,880 40,365 10 10 0 0 0 0 135,275 62,040 73,235 76,295 34,775 41,520
Haitian Creole 66,445 30,045 36,400 10 10 0 0 0 0 118,010 53,530 64,480 67,895 30,695 37,205
Jamaican English Creole 215 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 165 175 245 130 115
Krio 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 25 50 60 25 40
Morisyen 2,365 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,810 3,480 3,330 2,710 1,370 1,340
Sango 185 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,070 570 500 190 110 80
Creole, n.o.s. 11,950 5,630 6,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,995 8,440 9,560 12,280 5,760 6,520
Creole languages, n.i.e. 1,520 685 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,010 1,380 1,630 1,600 705 895
Dravidian languages 16,725 8,745 7,975 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,390 13,070 12,320 18,785 9,760 9,020
Kannada 540 325 215 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 530 395 725 415 310
Malayalam 1,760 935 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,530 1,325 1,200 2,025 1,060 965
Tamil 12,940 6,480 6,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,050 9,955 10,100 14,560 7,265 7,300
Telugu 2,415 1,600 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,260 2,055 1,205 2,570 1,670 905
Tulu 30 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 40 20 10
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 25 10 15
Georgian 150 75 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 110 135 175 80 95
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 450,480 219,660 230,825 80 40 45 195 115 80 1,014,365 490,155 524,215 514,485 250,190 264,295
Albanian 2,425 1,220 1,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,545 2,315 2,230 2,600 1,315 1,285
Armenian 7,185 3,350 3,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,100 10,785 11,310 8,650 4,080 4,575
Balto-Slavic languages 40,980 19,110 21,870 0 0 0 65 35 30 95,385 45,060 50,330 50,700 23,530 27,165
Baltic languages 530 215 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,105 465 635 705 280 425
Latvian 190 85 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 180 260 270 110 160
Lithuanian 340 135 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 290 375 435 170 260
Slavic languages 40,615 18,955 21,660 0 0 0 65 35 30 94,580 44,695 49,885 50,190 23,320 26,870
Belarusian 160 55 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 185 230 205 75 125
Bulgarian 3,765 1,820 1,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,110 3,950 4,165 4,515 2,155 2,360
Czech 990 455 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,165 1,040 1,120 1,265 590 675
Macedonian 215 80 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 455 205 250 255 100 160
Polish 7,925 3,535 4,390 0 0 0 20 15 10 16,790 7,555 9,235 10,130 4,475 5,650
Russian 23,995 11,285 12,705 0 0 0 45 25 20 55,485 26,345 29,135 29,515 13,855 15,655
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 3,390 1,700 1,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,145 5,505 5,635 4,100 2,025 2,075
Bosnian 675 315 365 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,060 1,520 1,540 715 335 380
Croatian 1,515 775 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,710 2,300 2,405 1,880 935 950
Serbian 1,725 840 885 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,285 2,560 2,725 2,105 1,025 1,080
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 95 60 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 175 140 110 60 50
Slovak 590 250 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,380 630 750 795 340 455
Slovene (Slovenian) 345 145 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 810 340 465 440 185 255
Ukrainian 4,905 2,155 2,745 0 0 0 10 0 10 10,185 4,575 5,605 5,945 2,635 3,310
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 60 55 40 15 30
Celtic languages 275 150 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 375 295 315 180 135
Irish 120 65 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 140 85 55
Scottish Gaelic 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 45 50 30 20
Welsh 35 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 45 45 40 20 15
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 85 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 90 80 90 50 45
Germanic languages 28,325 14,670 13,655 0 0 0 20 10 10 65,625 33,305 32,320 35,095 17,750 17,345
Frisian 40 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 40 20 25
High German languages 25,545 13,365 12,180 0 0 0 10 0 10 57,640 29,540 28,105 31,565 16,090 15,470
German 17,050 8,935 8,110 0 0 0 10 0 10 44,170 22,715 21,450 21,270 10,840 10,435
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 300 120 175 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 785 830 385 155 230
Yiddish 8,490 4,455 4,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,825 6,540 6,290 10,330 5,310 5,020
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,020 1,005 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,410 3,140 3,265 2,655 1,335 1,325
Afrikaans 205 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 295 285 330 170 160
Dutch 1,645 825 820 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,170 2,565 2,600 2,130 1,075 1,055
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 30 20 0 20
Vlaams (Flemish) 175 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 340 400 220 100 120
Scandinavian languages 1,440 725 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,335 1,630 1,705 1,865 920 945
Danish 425 190 230 0 0 0 0 0 0 860 395 460 545 250 295
Icelandic 45 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 35 55 50 25 25
Norwegian 285 155 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 735 375 360 400 220 180
Swedish 820 445 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 980 920 1,030 530 500
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 115 100 80 30 50
Greek 20,685 9,850 10,830 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,375 24,835 25,540 25,065 12,045 13,015
Indo-Iranian languages 77,115 41,190 35,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 136,020 71,180 64,840 91,140 48,390 42,750
Indo-Aryan languages 58,875 31,985 26,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 90,745 48,355 42,395 66,760 36,130 30,625
Assamese 35 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 30 55 25 20
Bengali 12,945 6,685 6,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,170 8,320 7,850 13,405 6,905 6,495
Gujarati 6,930 3,785 3,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,640 5,590 5,050 8,845 4,710 4,130
Hindi 24,370 13,400 10,970 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,765 19,145 16,620 28,090 15,325 12,765
Kacchi 195 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 155 220 250 115 140
Kashmiri 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 65 50 50 35 20
Konkani 155 95 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 130 105 205 115 85
Marathi 780 440 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,160 620 545 920 500 420
Nepali 485 270 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,375 740 635 560 305 255
Oriya languages 45 20 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 60 55 20 35
Odia 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20 35 15 20
Oriya, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 40 20 0 15
Punjabi (Panjabi) 22,580 12,435 10,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,290 18,580 15,710 25,595 14,160 11,445
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 110 145 0 0 0
Sindhi 100 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 115 115 175 85 85
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 845 470 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,610 860 755 1,060 585 475
Urdu 11,425 6,220 5,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,180 11,325 9,850 12,905 7,015 5,890
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 500 325 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 445 320 565 350 215
Iranian languages 18,895 9,560 9,335 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,105 24,410 23,695 25,080 12,635 12,445
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kurdish 780 465 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,805 1,045 755 855 505 345
Parsi 80 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 80 55 95 50 40
Pashto 1,225 645 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,210 1,235 975 1,300 690 600
Persian languages 17,095 8,600 8,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,745 22,585 22,160 23,195 11,620 11,575
Dari 1,280 645 640 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,235 6,845 6,390 1,515 770 740
Iranian Persian 14,160 7,125 7,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,430 13,785 13,645 19,455 9,730 9,725
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,790 920 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,595 2,255 2,340 2,395 1,220 1,180
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 180 115 115 60 50
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 100 65 85 50 40
Italic (Romance) languages 293,340 139,795 153,545 75 35 45 115 65 50 684,830 324,095 360,735 324,695 154,360 170,340
Catalan 715 400 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,250 725 530 780 445 335
Italian 95,535 45,630 49,905 40 25 10 30 15 10 168,040 82,400 85,645 107,285 51,300 55,985
Portuguese 28,840 14,425 14,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,605 33,005 32,600 31,125 15,545 15,585
Romanian 15,245 7,225 8,020 0 0 0 20 0 15 44,510 21,425 23,090 18,785 8,935 9,850
Spanish 177,230 83,945 93,280 30 0 30 80 45 40 453,905 210,400 243,505 193,835 91,345 102,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 405 240 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,105 670 435 475 265 210
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 285 150 135 135 80 60
Japanese 4,585 2,190 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,305 4,485 4,820 5,275 2,525 2,755
Korean 5,035 2,200 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,265 3,920 5,350 6,420 2,780 3,645
Mongolian 180 55 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 125 195 240 85 155
Niger-Congo languages 31,565 16,015 15,555 20 10 10 0 0 0 75,835 37,990 37,845 33,295 16,860 16,435
Akan (Twi) 1,340 755 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,385 1,270 1,115 1,650 895 750
Bamanankan 1,540 790 745 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,525 1,810 1,720 1,595 805 785
Edo 245 115 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 190 175 260 125 135
Éwé 865 505 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,365 1,285 1,080 960 560 400
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,730 1,485 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,820 2,995 2,825 2,810 1,525 1,285
Ga 220 145 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 375 225 150 255 165 90
Ganda 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 135 150 80 45 30
Gikuyu 45 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 25 55 50 0 40
Igbo 485 280 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 745 435 315 535 310 225
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,825 855 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,740 2,675 3,065 1,925 910 1,020
Lingala 7,315 3,405 3,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,985 7,255 7,730 7,490 3,495 3,995
Luba-Kasai 520 225 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,205 600 605 540 235 300
Mòoré 620 340 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,615 810 805 635 345 285
Mwani 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 25 15 10
Ndebele 115 70 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 85 95 125 75 45
Rundi (Kirundi) 2,045 1,010 1,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,310 3,490 3,825 2,130 1,030 1,100
Shona 245 150 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 190 155 270 170 100
Soninke 465 310 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 570 375 195 465 310 155
Sotho-Tswana languages 45 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 50 25 35
Swahili 3,405 1,710 1,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,270 6,225 6,040 3,575 1,800 1,780
Wojenaka 1,005 510 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,195 1,100 1,095 1,005 510 495
Wolof 4,030 2,185 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,930 5,325 4,595 4,145 2,255 1,890
Yoruba 2,040 1,025 1,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,100 1,610 1,490 2,295 1,145 1,150
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 7,005 3,630 3,375 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,915 9,215 8,695 7,345 3,800 3,545
Nilo-Saharan languages 705 390 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,865 905 960 725 400 320
Dinka 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 690 385 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,845 895 950 710 400 315
African, n.o.s. 425 225 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 995 555 440 435 230 205
Sign languages 1,985 795 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,070 3,485 4,580 2,170 895 1,280
American Sign Language 495 160 330 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 575 735 635 230 405
Quebec Sign Language 1,345 510 830 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,740 2,340 3,400 1,370 530 845
Sign languages, n.i.e. 340 210 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,555 830 725 360 230 135
Sino-Tibetan languages 56,545 26,095 30,455 0 0 0 15 10 10 107,415 49,840 57,575 68,485 31,760 36,720
Chinese languages 56,370 26,025 30,340 0 0 0 15 10 10 106,915 49,630 57,285 68,285 31,685 36,595
Hakka 335 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 810 370 445 445 220 225
Mandarin 41,405 18,880 22,525 0 0 0 15 10 0 80,520 37,100 43,420 51,885 23,845 28,040
Min Dong 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 35 35 45 20 20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,725 1,170 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,310 1,855 2,455 2,965 1,270 1,690
Wu (Shanghainese) 695 310 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,255 565 685 850 385 465
Yue (Cantonese) 19,045 8,640 10,405 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,030 15,430 18,600 21,115 9,630 11,485
Chinese, n.o.s. 860 455 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,500 785 715 955 505 450
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 130 60 60
Tibeto-Burman languages 180 60 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 190 275 195 65 125
Burmese 65 10 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 30 110 75 10 65
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 25 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0
Tibetan 95 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 95 95 50 50
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 60 70 15 0 10
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 60 45 70 40 30
Tai-Kadai languages 2,755 1,240 1,520 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,330 3,170 4,160 2,870 1,280 1,585
Lao 1,985 965 1,020 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,485 2,595 2,885 2,040 990 1,055
Thai 1,085 390 695 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,720 920 1,800 1,140 415 725
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 30 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 25 40 15 25
Turkic languages 9,265 4,570 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,795 8,940 8,850 10,550 5,185 5,370
Azerbaijani 520 325 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 995 570 425 655 390 260
Kazakh 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 60 65 70 40 30
Turkish 8,445 4,105 4,340 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,195 8,135 8,065 9,540 4,630 4,905
Uyghur 205 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 155 200 225 105 125
Uzbek 140 85 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 155 170 190 105 85
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 205 90 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 245 110 135
Uralic languages 3,265 1,435 1,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,595 3,485 4,115 4,620 2,020 2,600
Estonian 85 35 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 90 140 175 70 110
Finnish 245 120 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 250 270 320 145 170
Hungarian 2,945 1,280 1,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,850 3,145 3,705 4,130 1,805 2,325
Other languages, n.i.e. 425 215 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 430 405 450 230 220
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 380 170 210 540 260 275 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625 1,959,355 965,675 993,685
Indigenous identity45 15,315 7,080 8,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 205,010 101,150 103,865 16,675 7,720 8,955
Single Indigenous responses46 14,315 6,630 7,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 193,365 95,320 98,045 15,520 7,185 8,335
First Nations (North American Indian) 8,065 3,655 4,415 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,550 56,080 60,475 8,745 3,955 4,795
Métis 5,705 2,835 2,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,010 31,620 29,390 6,085 3,020 3,065
Inuk (Inuit) 545 135 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,800 7,620 8,175 685 210 475
Multiple Indigenous responses47 305 150 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,135 1,575 1,560 355 165 185
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 695 305 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,515 4,245 4,265 800 365 435
Non-Indigenous identity 1,707,915 844,530 863,385 375 170 210 535 260 275 8,103,470 4,025,710 4,077,760 1,942,680 957,955 984,730
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 380 170 210 540 260 275 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625 1,959,355 965,675 993,685
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,465 1,570 1,890 0 0 0 0 0 0 76,775 37,825 38,945 3,805 1,730 2,070
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,719,765 850,040 869,730 375 170 210 540 260 275 8,231,705 4,089,030 4,142,680 1,955,555 963,940 991,615
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Owner 297,340 ... ... 75 ... ... 85 ... ... 2,245,605 ... ... 360,125 ... ...
Renter 519,020 ... ... 135 ... ... 195 ... ... 1,497,010 ... ... 550,240 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 6,425 ... ... 0 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Condominium 178,700 ... ... 15 ... ... 30 ... ... 515,590 ... ... 192,985 ... ...
Not condominium 637,660 ... ... 195 ... ... 250 ... ... 3,233,445 ... ... 717,375 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
No bedrooms 19,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 32,020 ... ... 19,730 ... ...
1 bedroom 254,075 ... ... 95 ... ... 70 ... ... 623,295 ... ... 267,715 ... ...
2 bedrooms 284,300 ... ... 50 ... ... 130 ... ... 1,173,600 ... ... 303,875 ... ...
3 bedrooms 194,410 ... ... 40 ... ... 45 ... ... 1,189,790 ... ... 220,945 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 64,550 ... ... 25 ... ... 25 ... ... 730,330 ... ... 98,090 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 473,475 ... ... 115 ... ... 175 ... ... 1,378,765 ... ... 501,570 ... ...
5 rooms 155,105 ... ... 35 ... ... 45 ... ... 645,635 ... ... 166,230 ... ...
6 rooms 69,335 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 435,225 ... ... 78,495 ... ...
7 rooms 48,130 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 403,225 ... ... 58,850 ... ...
8 or more rooms 70,315 ... ... 40 ... ... 20 ... ... 886,180 ... ... 105,210 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.5 ... ... 5.0 ... ... 4.6 ... ... 5.8 ... ... 4.7 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 789,745 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,700,720 ... ... 881,730 ... ...
More than one person per room 26,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 48,315 ... ... 28,630 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Suitable 745,905 ... ... 200 ... ... 255 ... ... 3,606,260 ... ... 834,885 ... ...
Not suitable 70,450 ... ... 10 ... ... 25 ... ... 142,775 ... ... 75,475 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
1960 or before 293,880 ... ... 110 ... ... 190 ... ... 879,375 ... ... 325,005 ... ...
1961 to 1980 248,030 ... ... 85 ... ... 60 ... ... 1,114,690 ... ... 282,605 ... ...
1981 to 1990 89,700 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 509,120 ... ... 101,185 ... ...
1991 to 2000 57,865 ... ... 0 ... ... 15 ... ... 385,315 ... ... 63,765 ... ...
2001 to 2005 28,770 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 198,595 ... ... 32,020 ... ...
2006 to 2010 30,795 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 231,930 ... ... 32,875 ... ...
2011 to 2015 33,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 212,290 ... ... 35,320 ... ...
2016 to 202157 34,235 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 217,715 ... ... 37,590 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 746,280 ... ... 185 ... ... 250 ... ... 3,512,925 ... ... 833,540 ... ...
Major repairs needed 70,075 ... ... 25 ... ... 30 ... ... 236,110 ... ... 76,815 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
One-maintainer household 494,140 ... ... 125 ... ... 160 ... ... 2,097,670 ... ... 543,605 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 291,245 ... ... 85 ... ... 115 ... ... 1,561,495 ... ... 333,140 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,970 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 89,875 ... ... 33,620 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
15 to 24 years 39,665 ... ... 10 ... ... 20 ... ... 117,525 ... ... 40,960 ... ...
25 to 34 years 154,835 ... ... 25 ... ... 60 ... ... 525,540 ... ... 162,375 ... ...
35 to 44 years 156,945 ... ... 45 ... ... 70 ... ... 647,165 ... ... 171,535 ... ...
45 to 54 years 137,925 ... ... 25 ... ... 45 ... ... 628,630 ... ... 155,520 ... ...
55 to 64 years 137,110 ... ... 35 ... ... 30 ... ... 760,395 ... ... 156,865 ... ...
65 to 74 years 105,800 ... ... 40 ... ... 55 ... ... 629,965 ... ... 122,825 ... ...
75 to 84 years 59,160 ... ... 25 ... ... 10 ... ... 336,170 ... ... 70,345 ... ...
85 years and over 24,920 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 103,640 ... ... 29,930 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 808,950 ... ... 205 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,706,605 ... ... 902,485 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 612,990 ... ... 165 ... ... 195 ... ... 3,110,920 ... ... 686,075 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 195,960 ... ... 35 ... ... 85 ... ... 595,690 ... ... 216,410 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 171,990 ... ... 20 ... ... 70 ... ... 542,060 ... ... 189,795 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 816,355 ... ... 210 ... ... 280 ... ... 3,749,035 ... ... 910,360 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 301,530 ... ... 60 ... ... 120 ... ... 901,440 ... ... 330,635 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 168,425 ... ... 30 ... ... 80 ... ... 537,090 ... ... 186,350 ... ...
Not suitable only 52,965 ... ... 10 ... ... 15 ... ... 112,775 ... ... 56,480 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 46,120 ... ... 20 ... ... 20 ... ... 179,840 ... ... 50,745 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 10,065 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 15,470 ... ... 10,995 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 16,530 ... ... 0 ... ... 10 ... ... 41,740 ... ... 18,075 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 6,480 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 13,135 ... ... 7,005 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 940 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,395 ... ... 995 ... ...
Acceptable housing 514,825 ... ... 145 ... ... 155 ... ... 2,847,590 ... ... 579,720 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 784,980 ... ... 190 ... ... 265 ... ... 3,652,985 ... ... 875,865 ... ...
In core need 82,165 ... ... 15 ... ... 10 ... ... 218,275 ... ... 87,945 ... ...
Not in core need 702,815 ... ... 175 ... ... 255 ... ... 3,434,710 ... ... 787,925 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 297,340 ... ... 75 ... ... 85 ... ... 2,227,470 ... ... 360,120 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.5 ... ... 53.3 ... ... 64.7 ... ... 62.2 ... ... 60.0 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 18.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 23.5 ... ... 10.0 ... ... 17.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 2.1 ... ... 3.3 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,360 ... ... 870 ... ... 1,170 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 1,370 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,532 ... ... 1,360 ... ... 1,400 ... ... 1,195 ... ... 1,572 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 500,000 ... ... 636,000 ... ... 600,000 ... ... 300,000 ... ... 544,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 584,500 ... ... 620,000 ... ... 670,000 ... ... 376,800 ... ... 638,000 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 519,015 ... ... 130 ... ... 195 ... ... 1,493,510 ... ... 550,235 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 8.6 ... ... 8.4 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 27.8 ... ... 15.4 ... ... 30.8 ... ... 25.2 ... ... 28.4 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.4 ... ... 11.9 ... ... 14.6 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 870 ... ... 750 ... ... 960 ... ... 810 ... ... 890 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 969 ... ... 790 ... ... 1,050 ... ... 886 ... ... 987 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 6,425 ... ... 0 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 4.2 ... ... ... ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 440 ... ... ... ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 449 ... ... ... ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,723,230 851,615 871,620 385 175 210 540 260 275 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620 1,959,360 965,670 993,685
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 8,560 3,785 4,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 177,300 86,310 90,990 9,035 3,985 5,050
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 8,395 3,715 4,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 174,610 85,025 89,585 8,845 3,910 4,935
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 7,165 3,225 3,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 140,690 68,395 72,300 7,485 3,365 4,125
Métis single ancestry 880 380 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,510 10,205 10,310 930 400 530
Inuit single ancestry 350 110 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,410 6,425 6,980 430 145 280
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 170 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,685 1,280 1,400 195 75 115
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 865 965 90 45 45
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 70 20 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 365 400 95 25 70
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 40 20 10 10 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 0 0 0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 28,175 12,775 15,400 0 0 0 10 0 0 203,425 96,595 106,830 30,345 13,805 16,540
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 27,945 12,705 15,240 0 0 0 10 0 0 200,985 95,520 105,460 30,095 13,720 16,370
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25,185 11,485 13,695 0 0 0 10 0 0 177,925 84,210 93,720 27,000 12,340 14,660
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,455 1,140 1,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,935 9,910 10,020 2,710 1,265 1,450
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 310 80 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,120 1,405 1,720 380 115 260
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 225 70 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,435 1,070 1,370 250 80 175
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 195 60 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,800 775 1,025 215 70 145
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 240 295 15 0 15
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 20 0 0 0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 30 20 0 15
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,686,490 835,050 851,435 375 165 210 530 255 270 7,927,760 3,943,960 3,983,805 1,919,975 947,880 972,095
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 385 170 215 535 265 280 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620 1,959,355 965,670 993,690
Canadian citizens77 1,434,570 703,030 731,545 340 145 195 475 235 245 7,790,215 3,862,365 3,927,855 1,645,945 805,140 840,805
Canadian citizens aged under 18 279,730 142,810 136,925 55 25 25 95 60 35 1,570,720 805,100 765,625 322,965 164,980 157,985
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 1,154,835 560,215 594,620 285 120 165 385 180 210 6,219,495 3,057,265 3,162,230 1,322,980 640,160 682,820
Not Canadian citizens78 288,660 148,585 140,075 45 25 15 60 25 40 518,265 264,490 253,775 313,410 160,530 152,885
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 385 170 215 535 265 280 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620 1,959,355 965,670 993,690
Non-immigrants80 1,017,325 502,500 514,820 280 125 160 325 165 160 6,892,110 3,424,400 3,467,705 1,168,390 576,340 592,055
Immigrants81 576,120 278,025 298,100 95 45 50 190 85 105 1,210,600 588,960 621,640 652,730 313,955 338,770
Before 1980 87,415 40,730 46,685 25 0 15 40 15 25 187,200 91,895 95,300 108,265 50,530 57,735
1980 to 1990 59,835 29,275 30,555 0 0 0 30 20 10 124,610 61,850 62,755 69,695 34,150 35,545
1991 to 2000 95,220 45,340 49,880 15 10 0 40 10 30 190,495 91,635 98,860 106,810 50,520 56,290
2001 to 2010 139,575 67,480 72,090 30 20 15 50 30 20 312,210 150,825 161,390 154,780 74,520 80,255
2011 to 202182 194,080 95,195 98,885 25 10 15 35 15 25 396,090 192,745 203,340 213,175 104,225 108,950
2011 to 2015 90,040 43,785 46,255 20 0 15 15 0 10 193,345 93,485 99,855 99,070 48,005 51,065
2016 to 2021 104,040 51,410 52,630 10 10 0 20 10 10 202,740 99,260 103,480 114,110 56,220 57,885
Non-permanent residents83 129,780 71,085 58,695 0 0 0 20 10 10 205,770 113,500 92,275 138,240 75,380 62,860
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 576,125 278,025 298,100 95 40 50 190 85 105 1,210,600 588,955 621,645 652,725 313,955 338,770
Under 5 years 45,920 23,340 22,575 0 0 0 15 0 0 112,295 56,755 55,540 52,990 26,810 26,180
5 to 14 years 90,130 45,385 44,740 15 0 0 30 20 15 201,385 101,555 99,835 103,285 51,965 51,320
15 to 24 years 104,655 46,955 57,705 15 0 15 40 25 20 213,035 96,175 116,860 118,475 53,035 65,440
25 to 44 years 290,245 141,865 148,380 40 15 20 105 35 65 594,845 292,975 301,875 326,320 158,620 167,700
45 years and over 45,170 20,475 24,700 15 0 10 0 0 0 89,045 41,505 47,540 51,660 23,520 28,140
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 576,125 278,025 298,100 95 40 50 190 85 105 1,210,600 588,955 621,645 652,725 313,955 338,770
Americas 127,690 58,995 68,690 25 0 15 40 15 30 264,885 121,740 143,145 137,955 63,465 74,485
Brazil 3,760 1,770 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,705 4,520 5,180 4,275 1,995 2,280
Colombia 8,195 3,835 4,360 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,670 13,540 16,125 8,885 4,105 4,780
El Salvador 6,400 3,265 3,130 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,515 5,780 5,730 6,600 3,365 3,235
Guyana 1,350 660 690 0 0 0 10 10 0 2,350 1,090 1,260 1,675 780 895
Haiti 47,555 21,110 26,445 10 0 0 0 0 0 86,105 38,285 47,820 48,570 21,555 27,015
Jamaica 2,670 1,090 1,585 0 0 0 10 0 10 4,485 1,900 2,590 3,280 1,315 1,965
Mexico 8,225 4,005 4,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,390 7,935 9,455 8,940 4,350 4,585
Peru 6,715 3,060 3,660 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,885 6,295 7,595 7,165 3,245 3,925
Trinidad and Tobago 2,120 970 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,820 1,660 2,160 2,640 1,160 1,475
United States of America 10,180 5,260 4,920 0 0 0 10 0 0 24,945 12,195 12,745 12,515 6,350 6,170
Other places of birth in Americas 30,520 13,985 16,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,020 28,545 32,480 33,410 15,245 18,160
Europe 137,155 66,390 70,765 10 10 0 100 55 50 309,015 154,110 154,910 158,795 76,610 82,190
Bosnia and Herzegovina 780 390 385 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,015 1,995 2,025 850 430 420
Croatia 760 390 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,015 1,050 960 915 475 440
France 39,280 20,790 18,485 0 0 0 15 10 10 93,160 49,870 43,290 42,245 22,305 19,935
Germany 2,480 1,285 1,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,385 4,095 4,295 3,715 1,740 1,975
Greece 7,730 3,445 4,285 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,130 7,790 8,340 8,650 3,920 4,725
Hungary 1,365 650 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,930 1,455 1,475 1,990 935 1,060
Italy 30,215 14,095 16,120 10 10 0 0 0 0 43,975 21,940 22,040 32,485 15,325 17,165
Netherlands 500 310 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,655 870 785 700 420 285
Poland 4,685 1,965 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,670 4,120 5,555 6,030 2,545 3,485
Portugal 7,715 3,520 4,195 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,000 8,190 8,805 8,140 3,720 4,425
Romania 9,655 4,440 5,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,515 12,990 14,530 11,970 5,495 6,470
Russian Federation 5,520 2,235 3,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,690 4,865 6,825 7,050 2,865 4,180
Serbia86 675 320 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,610 760 850 845 410 435
Ukraine 4,385 1,940 2,445 0 0 0 10 0 10 9,660 4,310 5,350 5,385 2,345 3,035
United Kingdom87 4,005 2,245 1,755 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,290 6,575 5,715 6,620 3,570 3,050
Other places of birth in Europe 17,395 8,365 9,030 0 0 0 35 30 0 47,310 23,240 24,075 21,205 10,115 11,095
Africa 140,555 71,665 68,890 35 20 15 30 15 15 302,010 153,655 148,355 152,205 77,515 74,690
Algeria 43,840 22,680 21,165 0 0 0 0 0 0 72,835 37,535 35,295 44,925 23,280 21,640
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,025 2,765 3,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,595 7,460 8,140 6,190 2,855 3,335
Egypt 9,400 4,720 4,685 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,325 10,520 9,805 12,245 6,195 6,045
Eritrea 495 250 250 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 305 300 500 250 250
Ethiopia 660 305 355 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,045 485 565 750 345 400
Morocco 33,005 16,490 16,515 0 0 0 0 0 0 68,865 34,810 34,060 37,215 18,545 18,670
Nigeria 1,200 630 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,210 1,185 1,025 1,435 770 660
Somalia 400 200 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 675 330 350 405 205 205
South Africa, Republic of 415 275 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,025 575 450 585 360 225
Other places of birth in Africa 45,115 23,355 21,760 30 20 10 20 10 15 118,820 60,455 58,360 47,960 24,705 23,260
Asia 169,860 80,480 89,375 20 0 15 20 0 15 332,925 158,445 174,475 202,715 95,775 106,935
Afghanistan 1,100 570 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,545 4,825 4,725 1,250 630 625
Iran88 9,815 4,825 4,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,235 10,020 10,215 13,990 6,835 7,160
Iraq 1,610 890 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,085 2,110 1,980 2,140 1,125 1,020
Lebanon 17,455 9,230 8,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,280 22,610 19,670 20,215 10,625 9,585
Syria89 12,040 6,095 5,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,845 13,675 13,170 13,495 6,815 6,680
Turkey 4,010 2,020 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,450 3,850 3,605 4,490 2,240 2,250
China90 26,330 11,650 14,680 0 0 0 10 0 10 52,500 23,010 29,490 32,815 14,710 18,100
Hong Kong91 2,375 1,130 1,245 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,900 2,385 2,520 2,925 1,400 1,525
Korea, South92 2,680 1,185 1,495 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,180 2,275 2,905 3,400 1,485 1,915
Taiwan 1,265 540 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,500 1,015 1,485 1,600 660 935
Philippines 20,475 7,940 12,535 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,350 11,835 19,515 24,690 9,580 15,105
Viet Nam 16,395 7,460 8,935 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,485 11,580 13,900 17,570 7,995 9,575
Bangladesh 7,035 3,560 3,475 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,965 4,510 4,455 7,255 3,655 3,605
India 13,570 7,040 6,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,990 12,770 12,225 17,345 8,895 8,455
Pakistan 5,730 3,040 2,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,250 5,970 5,285 6,560 3,485 3,075
Sri Lanka 6,965 3,425 3,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,910 5,350 5,560 7,850 3,865 3,990
Other places of birth in Asia 21,010 9,890 11,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,455 20,665 23,790 25,115 11,780 13,335
Oceania and other places of birth93 860 485 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 1,010 750 1,055 585 470
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 104,040 51,410 52,625 10 10 0 20 10 10 202,740 99,265 103,480 114,110 56,220 57,885
Americas 15,850 7,650 8,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,910 14,985 15,920 16,945 8,160 8,785
Brazil 1,105 455 645 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,575 1,170 1,410 1,235 515 715
Colombia 1,260 575 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,295 1,985 2,315 1,390 615 775
Haiti 5,495 2,700 2,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,600 4,210 4,395 5,550 2,740 2,815
Jamaica 135 70 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 130 90 145 80 65
Mexico 1,320 690 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,240 1,280 1,410 745 665
United States of America 2,255 1,165 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,140 2,170 1,975 2,625 1,380 1,245
Venezuela95 915 355 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,690 670 1,020 960 355 600
Other places of birth in Americas 3,375 1,630 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,860 3,420 3,440 3,620 1,715 1,905
Europe 17,760 9,335 8,425 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,705 17,520 16,185 19,140 9,995 9,145
France 11,735 6,290 5,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,980 11,325 9,655 12,165 6,530 5,635
Germany 235 130 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 530 295 240 280 150 130
Ireland96 55 45 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 85 15 55 45 10
Italy 420 260 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 420 285 450 270 180
Russian Federation 625 235 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,365 515 850 790 295 490
Ukraine 750 355 395 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,660 720 940 850 390 455
United Kingdom87 480 290 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 975 615 360 570 355 220
Other places of birth in Europe 3,465 1,725 1,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,395 3,550 3,845 3,985 1,955 2,030
Africa 34,835 17,255 17,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,310 34,215 36,095 36,195 17,970 18,225
Algeria 10,085 4,925 5,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,975 6,730 7,245 10,255 5,020 5,235
Burundi 715 385 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,290 1,170 1,120 740 395 340
Cameroon 3,555 1,730 1,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,830 4,180 4,650 3,675 1,795 1,880
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,490 645 845 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,055 1,875 2,180 1,515 665 850
Côte d'Ivoire 1,625 785 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,305 3,055 3,255 1,720 855 865
Egypt 1,470 795 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,385 1,255 1,135 1,595 850 750
Eritrea 275 145 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 160 135 275 145 125
Ethiopia 90 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 75 75 90 40 45
Morocco 5,375 2,535 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,515 4,435 5,080 5,600 2,640 2,965
Nigeria 550 310 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 995 525 470 705 400 310
Somalia 40 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 40 30 50 25 25
South Africa, Republic of 105 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 100 85 125 70 55
Sudan97 70 40 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 85 50 35
Tunisia 3,360 1,755 1,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,640 3,375 3,260 3,510 1,820 1,695
Other places of birth in Africa 6,015 3,075 2,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,505 7,175 7,330 6,265 3,205 3,060
Asia 35,290 16,975 18,315 0 0 0 10 10 10 67,305 32,185 35,120 41,495 19,890 21,600
Afghanistan 180 95 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,515 1,250 1,265 210 105 100
Bangladesh 960 465 495 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,190 565 625 985 470 515
China90 4,960 2,085 2,875 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,735 4,680 6,055 6,885 3,020 3,860
Hong Kong91 55 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 75 80 30 55
India 5,690 3,035 2,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,460 4,430 4,030 6,325 3,365 2,960
Iran88 2,275 1,025 1,250 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,135 1,895 2,235 3,085 1,395 1,685
Iraq 245 145 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 715 385 325 315 180 130
Israel 145 90 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 395 205 185 255 130 125
Japan 185 55 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 75 250 190 55 140
Jordan 355 160 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 285 275 405 195 215
Korea, South92 750 320 435 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,355 585 775 920 380 535
Lebanon 1,710 930 775 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,620 1,925 1,700 1,820 990 825
Nepal 180 110 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 140 100 180 110 75
Pakistan 1,030 520 505 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,160 1,135 1,025 1,145 590 555
Philippines 5,730 2,455 3,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,480 3,560 4,920 6,655 2,840 3,815
Saudi Arabia 860 540 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 790 600 970 595 370
Sri Lanka 500 205 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 710 320 385 530 220 305
Syria89 5,895 3,065 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,390 6,960 6,425 6,485 3,375 3,115
Turkey 520 295 225 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 450 355 575 310 265
United Arab Emirates 580 290 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 975 510 470 690 340 350
Viet Nam 910 395 515 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,620 605 1,010 1,075 460 620
Other places of birth in Asia 1,565 680 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,390 1,355 2,035 1,715 725 995
Oceania and other93 305 195 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 355 160 330 205 130
Australia 195 125 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 195 95 220 140 85
Other places of birth98 110 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 160 60 110 70 45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 380 170 210 540 260 280 8,308,480 4,126,860 4,181,625 1,959,355 965,670 993,685
First generation100 725,270 358,390 366,885 110 50 60 225 110 120 1,471,845 728,125 743,715 813,905 400,325 413,580
Second generation101 361,130 181,485 179,645 70 40 30 155 70 80 883,485 446,000 437,490 424,225 212,755 211,475
Third generation or more102 636,825 311,740 325,090 205 80 120 155 80 75 5,953,145 2,952,730 3,000,415 721,230 352,590 368,630
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 488,705 237,295 251,410 70 40 35 150 75 80 1,023,400 497,055 526,340 544,455 263,425 281,040
Economic immigrants104 267,215 137,555 129,660 50 30 15 90 40 50 559,935 290,040 269,895 303,105 155,090 148,020
Principal applicants105 135,610 78,460 57,150 30 20 10 45 20 25 267,870 161,125 106,740 151,015 87,200 63,815
Secondary applicants106 131,610 59,100 72,515 20 10 10 50 20 30 292,070 128,915 163,155 152,090 67,890 84,205
Immigrants sponsored by family107 133,215 54,390 78,825 15 0 0 45 25 20 272,255 109,735 162,515 146,645 59,645 87,000
Refugees108 79,320 41,035 38,285 10 0 0 20 10 10 175,740 89,995 85,740 85,165 44,145 41,025
Other immigrants109 8,955 4,310 4,645 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,470 7,290 8,185 9,540 4,545 4,995
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 488,705 237,295 251,410 70 40 35 150 75 80 1,023,400 497,055 526,340 544,455 263,425 281,040
Asylum claim before admission111 50,275 26,560 23,710 0 0 0 10 0 10 89,850 47,360 42,495 53,655 28,340 25,310
Work permits only before admission112 50,365 23,725 26,640 0 0 0 15 0 10 94,185 46,445 47,740 56,685 26,490 30,195
Study permits only before admission113 11,765 6,105 5,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,505 13,385 12,115 13,690 7,070 6,620
Work and study permits before admission114 25,200 14,095 11,105 0 0 0 20 10 10 48,805 27,680 21,130 27,800 15,470 12,330
Other permits before admission115 4,400 1,875 2,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,935 3,495 5,440 4,820 2,035 2,785
No pre-admission experience116 346,705 164,930 181,775 55 35 25 95 45 50 756,120 358,700 397,420 387,815 184,015 203,795
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 380 170 210 540 260 280 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,625 1,959,355 965,675 993,685
Total visible minority population118 668,975 330,800 338,175 135 60 75 160 85 70 1,340,735 662,065 678,670 737,510 363,785 373,725
South Asian 79,670 42,620 37,050 0 0 0 0 0 0 127,990 67,140 60,850 91,370 48,660 42,710
Chinese 56,935 26,075 30,860 10 0 10 20 10 10 115,240 51,375 63,865 69,985 32,190 37,795
Black 198,610 96,350 102,255 55 25 25 65 35 35 422,405 206,335 216,070 208,805 101,125 107,680
Filipino 27,355 11,555 15,805 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,885 19,300 25,580 33,365 14,085 19,275
Arab 141,935 74,355 67,585 45 25 25 30 15 15 280,075 146,990 133,085 151,890 79,375 72,515
Latin American 78,150 38,450 39,705 10 0 10 20 15 10 172,925 85,035 87,880 82,550 40,580 41,970
Southeast Asian 37,905 17,950 19,955 0 0 0 0 0 0 70,455 33,510 36,945 40,535 19,270 21,265
West Asian 17,500 8,735 8,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,985 22,250 21,735 22,800 11,365 11,435
Korean 5,245 2,365 2,880 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,360 4,825 5,535 6,755 3,025 3,730
Japanese 2,645 1,045 1,600 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,190 3,120 3,165 1,265 1,900
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,470 2,675 2,795 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,150 6,020 6,125 6,515 3,185 3,325
Multiple visible minorities 17,540 8,615 8,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,960 17,080 17,875 19,790 9,660 10,125
Not a visible minority120 1,054,255 520,810 533,445 245 115 135 380 175 205 6,967,745 3,464,790 3,502,955 1,221,845 601,890 619,960
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 385 170 210 540 265 280 8,308,475 4,126,860 4,181,625 1,959,355 965,670 993,685
Canadian 216,645 104,085 112,565 25 10 15 65 40 25 2,412,040 1,186,160 1,225,880 241,015 115,880 125,135
English 43,185 22,080 21,110 0 0 0 40 10 30 177,710 88,910 88,800 59,710 30,025 29,685
Irish 80,635 38,520 42,120 30 10 20 65 30 30 404,190 193,440 210,745 102,325 48,885 53,440
Scottish 44,880 21,650 23,230 10 0 10 35 15 25 192,685 93,120 99,565 61,620 29,560 32,065
French, n.o.s.122 307,670 155,535 152,135 135 55 80 50 20 30 1,778,900 897,890 881,010 336,880 169,710 167,170
German 31,730 15,215 16,510 15 10 0 50 30 25 124,305 60,295 64,010 40,360 19,305 21,050
Chinese 61,715 28,350 33,365 0 0 0 25 15 10 123,985 55,730 68,255 74,630 34,410 40,220
Italian 135,430 66,225 69,205 40 25 20 35 25 15 316,315 157,600 158,720 156,025 76,485 79,535
Indian (India) 36,920 19,740 17,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,790 34,390 31,405 44,170 23,435 20,735
Ukrainian 14,865 7,080 7,785 0 0 0 10 0 10 38,685 18,590 20,095 19,025 9,095 9,930
Dutch 6,520 3,225 3,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,385 11,085 11,305 8,425 4,145 4,285
Polish 23,515 11,460 12,060 0 0 0 20 15 0 63,505 31,010 32,495 33,540 16,340 17,200
Québécois 103,145 51,885 51,265 35 10 25 25 0 15 931,940 465,630 466,305 108,910 54,650 54,260
British Isles, n.o.s.123 11,665 6,000 5,670 0 0 0 15 0 10 38,655 19,380 19,275 17,025 8,610 8,415
Filipino 26,105 11,050 15,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,580 18,815 24,760 32,035 13,555 18,475
French Canadian 59,380 28,470 30,910 10 0 10 0 0 0 588,805 290,630 298,180 66,400 31,740 34,655
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 19,910 10,385 9,530 0 0 0 0 0 0 149,955 75,935 74,020 22,690 11,705 10,980
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15,970 7,210 8,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,030 64,935 73,095 16,815 7,630 9,185
Métis 3,645 1,645 2,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 44,275 21,865 22,410 3,975 1,795 2,180
European, n.o.s.126 22,450 11,380 11,070 0 0 0 25 0 20 99,420 50,795 48,625 26,895 13,510 13,380
Russian 20,180 9,420 10,760 0 0 0 20 0 15 47,195 21,990 25,200 28,610 13,415 15,195
Norwegian 2,370 1,150 1,220 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,215 4,055 4,160 2,940 1,405 1,525
Welsh 3,345 1,715 1,630 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,260 5,450 5,810 5,170 2,590 2,580
Portuguese 23,120 11,280 11,840 0 0 0 10 0 10 64,385 32,135 32,255 25,490 12,445 13,045
American 11,970 5,910 6,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,600 22,380 24,230 14,530 7,235 7,300
Spanish 31,535 15,600 15,940 30 20 10 25 10 15 77,735 37,960 39,775 35,975 17,775 18,200
Swedish 2,500 1,180 1,320 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,965 3,270 3,700 3,195 1,480 1,715
Hungarian 9,065 4,385 4,680 0 0 0 10 10 0 23,360 11,410 11,950 12,160 5,830 6,335
Acadian 11,725 5,325 6,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 83,945 39,450 44,495 12,695 5,780 6,915
Pakistani 9,080 4,870 4,210 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,645 8,825 7,815 10,350 5,580 4,770
African, n.o.s.127 33,155 16,460 16,695 0 0 0 20 10 10 73,930 36,725 37,205 35,410 17,485 17,930
Jewish 26,680 13,550 13,135 0 0 0 20 10 0 57,320 29,015 28,305 47,415 23,905 23,515
Punjabi 5,655 3,385 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,765 5,040 3,725 6,510 3,905 2,605
Vietnamese 26,955 12,890 14,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,570 21,910 23,665 28,910 13,890 15,015
Arab, n.o.s.128 52,935 28,050 24,885 35 20 15 0 0 0 104,735 55,130 49,610 56,950 30,125 26,830
Greek 26,980 13,250 13,725 0 0 0 10 10 0 69,705 35,085 34,620 33,345 16,475 16,865
Jamaican 5,905 2,760 3,140 0 0 0 15 0 10 11,395 5,490 5,905 6,870 3,170 3,695
Asian, n.o.s.129 8,475 3,860 4,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,820 7,190 8,630 10,015 4,560 5,450
Cree, n.o.s.130 780 355 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 21,540 10,530 11,005 855 375 480
Korean 5,445 2,485 2,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,655 4,940 5,720 6,970 3,145 3,820
Romanian 16,255 7,785 8,470 0 0 0 25 10 15 46,765 22,775 23,995 21,785 10,470 11,320
Lebanese 30,115 15,635 14,475 10 0 0 0 0 0 78,210 40,740 37,470 36,445 18,790 17,650
Iranian 12,890 6,310 6,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,825 12,855 12,975 17,805 8,760 9,045
Christian, n.i.e.131 11,615 5,780 5,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 81,820 41,395 40,425 13,200 6,500 6,700
Danish 1,820 845 970 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,260 2,670 2,590 2,385 1,090 1,295
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 3,710 1,705 2,005 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,315 17,125 18,190 3,940 1,830 2,105
Sikh 3,335 1,775 1,560 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,175 2,765 2,415 3,940 2,095 1,835
Austrian 3,485 1,725 1,755 0 0 0 15 0 10 11,030 5,425 5,610 5,105 2,440 2,670
Belgian 10,940 5,520 5,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,380 24,065 24,315 12,360 6,180 6,180
Haitian 80,485 37,710 42,775 20 10 10 0 0 0 156,065 73,495 82,570 82,590 38,735 43,855
Hindu 5,610 3,195 2,420 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,930 4,805 4,125 6,600 3,690 2,910
Mexican 15,365 7,685 7,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,305 16,985 17,320 16,720 8,350 8,370
Mennonite 385 195 195 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 325 365 440 225 215
Swiss 5,470 2,695 2,775 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,980 11,870 11,110 6,515 3,235 3,285
Finnish 1,000 425 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,120 1,375 1,740 1,335 555 780
Sri Lankan 7,720 3,820 3,905 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,400 6,165 6,240 8,775 4,360 4,420
Croatian 2,230 1,080 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,790 3,425 3,370 2,910 1,425 1,485
Japanese 3,565 1,490 2,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,460 3,215 4,245 4,325 1,805 2,525
South Asian, n.o.s.133 1,770 970 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,020 1,565 1,455 2,085 1,100 975
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 2,310 1,015 1,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,235 9,695 10,545 2,570 1,125 1,445
Northern European, n.o.s.135 1,300 685 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,075 2,125 1,955 1,545 785 760
Muslim 8,530 4,530 3,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,665 8,705 7,965 9,200 4,885 4,320
Egyptian 13,040 6,810 6,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,240 15,745 14,500 16,840 8,750 8,090
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 12,215 6,250 5,965 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,170 13,580 13,585 13,270 6,770 6,500
Tamil 4,835 2,245 2,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,615 3,645 3,970 5,565 2,610 2,955
Icelandic 345 205 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 660 470 470 260 205
Colombian 11,580 5,525 6,055 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,485 18,805 20,680 12,570 5,960 6,615
Moroccan 37,360 19,125 18,235 0 0 0 15 0 15 81,230 41,590 39,635 44,795 22,825 21,970
Czech 2,395 1,080 1,315 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,720 2,985 3,180 1,480 1,700
Syrian 13,935 6,830 7,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,590 15,820 15,770 16,220 7,940 8,280
Guyanese 1,650 815 835 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,410 1,585 1,825 1,945 930 1,015
Afghan 1,885 1,005 885 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,095 6,825 6,275 2,110 1,125 980
Black, n.o.s.137 7,275 3,530 3,740 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,505 7,040 7,465 7,980 3,835 4,140
Serbian 1,755 835 920 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,355 2,655 2,700 2,255 1,105 1,150
Ojibway 250 130 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,120 540 585 280 145 135
Newfoundlander 390 230 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,830 935 895 490 265 225
Hong Konger 1,000 460 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,920 840 1,080 1,150 520 630
Ontarian 795 370 430 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,890 2,755 3,140 940 430 500
Persian 4,285 2,325 1,955 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,185 4,345 3,845 5,920 3,175 2,740
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,925 1,500 1,425 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,670 2,880 2,790 3,510 1,835 1,675
Turkish 8,160 4,055 4,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,620 7,850 7,770 9,430 4,670 4,755
Inuit, n.o.s.138 775 220 555 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,970 8,515 9,455 940 305 635
Bangladeshi 8,790 4,475 4,310 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,075 5,635 5,445 9,090 4,620 4,465
Algerian 40,570 21,135 19,435 0 0 0 0 0 0 65,860 33,955 31,905 41,695 21,670 20,025
Brazilian 6,440 3,085 3,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,775 7,620 8,155 7,115 3,415 3,695
Nigerian 1,780 820 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,200 1,570 1,630 2,105 970 1,125
Armenian 10,715 5,120 5,595 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,720 15,190 15,530 13,180 6,320 6,860
Slovak 1,375 640 735 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,070 1,995 2,075 1,985 950 1,040
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,990 1,430 1,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,205 3,415 3,790 4,850 2,330 2,520
Somali 1,155 550 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,090 975 1,110 1,170 550 620
Taiwanese 1,860 860 1,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,605 1,655 1,950 2,250 1,035 1,220
Iraqi 1,770 975 800 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,385 2,290 2,095 2,605 1,355 1,250
Salvadorean 9,125 4,430 4,700 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,265 8,595 8,670 9,285 4,495 4,790
African Caribbean 5,045 2,265 2,780 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,305 4,260 5,040 5,650 2,535 3,115
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 1,775 775 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,425 1,520 1,905 2,030 905 1,130
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 3,005 1,655 1,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,955 3,180 2,780 4,005 2,135 1,870
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 4,900 2,065 2,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,190 4,020 5,170 5,325 2,255 3,075
Algonquin 1,725 860 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,880 14,520 15,365 1,880 925 965
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,900 775 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,140 1,390 1,750 2,160 900 1,255
Lithuanian 2,110 930 1,180 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,455 2,460 2,995 3,120 1,410 1,705
South African 465 220 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,045 545 500 600 280 315
Australian 830 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,820 885 935 1,030 495 535
Palestinian 3,525 1,890 1,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,500 3,445 3,055 4,225 2,220 2,005
Chilean 6,025 2,985 3,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,420 7,150 7,265 6,405 3,155 3,250
Congolese 9,965 4,820 5,140 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,070 11,855 12,220 10,140 4,915 5,225
Nova Scotian 505 225 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,430 640 790 575 255 315
Ethiopian 965 495 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,440 740 705 1,035 535 500
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 3,165 1,615 1,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,335 3,155 3,185 3,465 1,775 1,690
Peruvian 8,415 3,870 4,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,055 8,900 10,155 9,000 4,155 4,845
Yoruba 1,710 940 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,820 1,545 1,270 1,970 1,055 910
Cambodian (Khmer) 8,775 4,125 4,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,600 8,335 9,265 9,015 4,250 4,765
Berber 19,835 10,545 9,290 0 0 0 20 0 15 36,540 19,550 16,990 20,455 10,885 9,570
Albanian 2,560 1,300 1,260 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,650 2,390 2,265 2,770 1,415 1,355
Maltese 360 200 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 585 510 425 240 180
Macedonian 325 165 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 325 355 380 185 200
Slovenian 825 365 455 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,395 1,115 1,280 1,145 520 630
Western European, n.o.s.145 2,185 1,225 960 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,000 3,690 3,310 2,465 1,380 1,085
New Brunswicker 850 430 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,900 2,340 2,560 965 475 485
Gujarati 880 475 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,340 710 630 1,145 620 525
Eritrean 615 305 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 400 400 625 305 320
African Canadian 1,290 680 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,715 1,835 1,880 1,440 745 700
Israeli 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,750 3,465 3,285 5,435 2,850 2,585
Mohawk 1,345 600 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,635 3,230 3,405 1,560 700 860
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 550 235 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,620 790 830 735 325 410
Bulgarian 4,040 1,955 2,085 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,500 4,690 4,815 4,915 2,350 2,565
Albertan 100 35 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 175 240 110 40 70
Ghanaian 1,735 925 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,385 1,795 1,590 2,070 1,105 960
Barbadian 2,410 1,195 1,215 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,840 2,455 2,390 2,935 1,440 1,500
African American 1,600 790 810 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,255 1,640 1,610 1,775 875 900
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 825 450 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,310 1,205 1,110 950 510 445
Tunisian 11,510 6,360 5,150 0 0 0 25 15 10 26,015 14,280 11,735 12,345 6,770 5,580
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,350 615 725 0 0 0 15 10 10 2,885 1,425 1,455 1,615 740 875
Cuban 3,770 1,915 1,850 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,280 5,255 5,030 4,040 2,055 1,990
Bosnian 510 245 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,415 1,265 1,150 585 285 300
Venezuelan 3,895 1,730 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,690 4,045 4,640 4,235 1,900 2,335
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 1,610 705 905 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,940 11,480 12,455 1,680 725 955
Latvian 625 330 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,640 760 875 1,070 505 560
Bengali 3,570 1,775 1,800 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,560 2,275 2,285 3,725 1,840 1,890
Cameroonian 6,740 3,360 3,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,610 9,100 9,510 6,890 3,435 3,455
Guatemalan 4,875 2,545 2,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,375 5,800 4,570 5,005 2,605 2,400
Indonesian 1,000 455 540 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,970 835 1,135 1,170 530 645
Laotian 2,510 1,280 1,235 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,485 3,675 3,810 2,605 1,320 1,290
Ilocano 1,085 525 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,445 705 745 1,285 625 660
Northern Irish 310 160 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,200 595 600 420 210 205
Celtic, n.o.s.150 585 295 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,695 890 800 720 355 365
British Columbian 90 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 110 170 100 45 55
Ecuadorian 1,190 565 630 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,550 1,205 1,345 1,295 595 705
Franco Ontarian 675 355 315 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,245 2,080 2,165 785 405 380
Argentinian 2,545 1,310 1,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,890 2,965 2,925 3,065 1,550 1,520
Estonian 365 215 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 885 450 435 530 285 245
Kurdish 1,470 840 635 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,805 1,615 1,190 1,570 895 675
Fijian 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 15 35 15 0 10
Jatt 390 185 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 290 315 465 230 230
North American, n.o.s.151 715 370 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,565 3,400 3,160 790 405 380
Coptic 2,240 1,170 1,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,750 2,465 2,290 2,740 1,445 1,295
Thai 1,150 395 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,230 1,185 2,040 1,255 440 815
Dominican 5,245 2,460 2,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,875 5,075 5,800 5,545 2,590 2,950
Nepali 430 240 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 505 475 485 275 210
Kabyle 10,940 5,660 5,275 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,520 10,085 9,440 11,165 5,780 5,380
Assyrian 345 150 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 395 440 470 195 280
Igbo 565 325 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 880 535 340 635 375 260
Byelorussian 1,090 555 535 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,825 1,360 1,465 1,360 690 670
Dene, n.o.s.152 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 30 25 10 15
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 100 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 430 210 220 110 50 60
Abenaki 1,685 750 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 16,400 7,610 8,790 1,795 795 1,000
Moldovan 3,295 1,630 1,665 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,595 4,655 4,945 3,845 1,880 1,965
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 1,120 500 615 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,890 4,275 4,615 1,200 540 660
New Zealander 265 150 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 360 265 315 190 125
Sudanese 300 155 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 245 255 360 180 180
Breton 3,775 1,765 2,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,500 7,725 7,775 3,980 1,885 2,095
Pennsylvania Dutch 45 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 90 50 20 30
Malaysian 375 205 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 405 440 415 220 195
Plains Cree 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 95 90 35 15 20
North African, n.o.s.155 5,440 2,890 2,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,290 5,465 4,825 6,070 3,225 2,845
Huron (Wendat) 1,425 655 770 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,745 6,210 6,530 1,480 675 805
Saskatchewanian 70 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 110 130 75 25 45
Buddhist 690 295 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,365 635 730 790 345 450
Gaspesian 1,565 705 860 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,470 6,695 7,780 1,640 740 900
Norman 1,850 905 940 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,125 5,595 5,530 1,915 950 970
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 260 105 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 225 250 315 140 175
Ivorian 3,370 1,610 1,760 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,565 5,660 5,905 3,465 1,650 1,820
Saulteaux 35 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 35 10 15
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 140 60 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,485 750 735 145 60 85
Burundian 2,120 1,025 1,090 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,640 3,675 3,970 2,185 1,045 1,140
Tigrinya 370 210 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 230 185 375 215 160
Nicaraguan 1,255 630 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,845 1,480 1,365 1,320 650 670
Mauritian 1,955 1,080 870 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,770 3,070 2,700 2,165 1,185 990
Kenyan 210 95 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 245 280 240 105 135
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 30 0 20
Vincentian 2,215 885 1,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,135 1,295 1,840 2,385 945 1,440
Jordanian 770 430 340 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 815 635 910 510 400
Manitoban 110 45 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 225 255 115 55 65
Cape Bretoner 50 15 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 95 110 70 30 50
Rwandan 2,125 975 1,155 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,315 2,940 3,380 2,250 1,025 1,225
Grenadian 910 350 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,445 590 850 1,040 410 630
Malayali 335 185 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 235 215 385 210 180
Chaldean 110 40 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 115 155 120 40 80
Sinhalese 310 150 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 255 265 395 185 210
Mayan 1,695 900 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,420 1,790 1,630 1,770 915 850
Honduran 2,260 1,015 1,240 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,025 1,940 2,080 2,345 1,075 1,265
Cherokee 195 90 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 640 320 315 230 105 125
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 15 40 20 15 0
Indo-Caribbean 280 135 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 220 280 340 155 180
Flemish 520 265 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,595 830 765 560 280 280
United Empire Loyalist 90 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 180 160 140 65 75
Senegalese 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,040 4,115 3,925 3,210 1,610 1,600
Azerbaijani 510 260 245 0 0 0 0 0 0 990 500 490 675 330 345
Sicilian 970 495 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,155 1,105 1,050 1,080 555 530
Pashtun 475 245 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 750 410 335 505 275 230
Malay 300 135 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 495 215 280 345 160 185
Goan 115 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 140 165 200 90 105
Bantu, n.o.s.158 1,635 815 815 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,405 2,215 2,195 1,755 865 890
Tibetan 135 65 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 125 135 145 70 75
Zimbabwean 180 105 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 225 200 205 120 95
Burmese 225 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 580 265 320 245 110 135
Mongolian 480 210 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,165 550 620 650 295 355
Azorean 730 310 415 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,010 910 1,095 735 315 415
Atikamekw 325 145 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,265 4,200 4,065 330 145 180
Bamileke 2,160 1,115 1,040 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,515 3,295 3,225 2,250 1,155 1,095
Indo-Guyanese 125 60 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 90 90 140 70 70
Ugandan 100 55 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 100 145 115 65 60
Oromo 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 50 45 50 25 25
Tanzanian 175 85 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 250 240 195 100 100
Yemeni 515 275 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 435 365 620 340 280
Central African 1,415 675 740 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,620 2,670 2,950 1,450 685 765
Libyan 590 320 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 485 495 660 345 315
Basque 980 515 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,800 1,950 1,850 1,090 570 525
Uruguayan 785 450 335 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,995 1,055 945 875 510 365
Akan, n.o.s.159 545 270 270 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,870 925 945 585 290 295
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 870 500 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,975 1,045 930 900 520 380
Igorot 290 105 185 0 0 0 0 0 0 340 130 210 335 125 210
Fulani 2,380 1,260 1,120 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,445 2,800 2,645 2,470 1,305 1,165
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 20 0 0 0
Guinean 2,670 1,375 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,530 2,805 2,725 2,760 1,420 1,335
St. Lucian 255 100 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 520 240 280 310 120 185
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 45 65 0 0 0
Maliseet 200 70 135 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,070 1,470 1,605 215 75 140
Beninese 2,000 1,140 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,790 2,620 2,170 2,100 1,200 900
Telugu 180 125 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 205 115 185 130 55
Roma 235 110 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 525 270 250 260 130 135
Costa Rican 720 425 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,815 1,005 815 800 450 350
African Nova Scotian 215 105 115 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 180 235 110 120
Malagasy 1,625 755 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,215 2,580 2,630 1,680 795 890
Kashmiri 75 40 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 160 125 115 70 45
Singaporean 75 55 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 100 65 100 70 30
Karen 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 30 10 0 0
Edo 290 130 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 425 195 230 335 155 185
Tajik 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 635 300 335 145 70 80
Amhara 95 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 115 60 50
Paraguayan 90 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 145 175 100 40 60
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,723,230 851,610 871,620 380 170 210 540 260 275 8,308,480 4,126,855 4,181,620 1,959,360 965,675 993,685
Buddhist 26,395 11,650 14,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 48,365 21,395 26,980 28,350 12,580 15,775
Christian 853,205 397,365 455,840 255 100 155 200 70 130 5,385,240 2,596,385 2,788,855 969,945 451,410 518,540
Christian, n.o.s.162 105,435 50,405 55,035 15 10 10 25 0 25 464,020 229,155 234,860 116,635 55,545 61,090
Anabaptist 195 80 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 800 365 435 280 120 160
Anglican 9,480 4,260 5,220 0 0 0 15 10 10 55,290 26,065 29,230 14,835 6,640 8,190
Baptist 11,620 5,335 6,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,755 15,875 17,885 12,890 5,955 6,940
Catholic 602,630 280,655 321,975 230 85 145 105 40 65 4,472,555 2,156,595 2,315,960 675,695 314,690 361,010
Christian Orthodox 55,730 26,490 29,235 0 0 0 25 0 20 145,805 70,840 74,965 68,635 32,680 35,950
Jehovah's Witness 6,790 2,720 4,070 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,970 12,060 15,910 7,225 2,890 4,335
Latter Day Saints 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,600 2,190 2,405 1,220 555 665
Lutheran 1,510 685 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,875 2,260 2,615 2,255 1,000 1,255
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 840 400 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,255 1,070 1,185 1,055 495 560
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,860 6,485 8,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 39,700 17,955 21,735 16,130 6,980 9,150
Presbyterian 2,615 1,230 1,380 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,010 3,830 4,180 3,910 1,850 2,065
Reformed 310 150 165 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,220 620 600 410 180 230
United Church 3,950 1,655 2,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,595 8,645 10,945 6,810 2,800 4,005
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 36,100 16,305 19,790 0 0 0 20 0 10 104,790 48,840 55,950 41,965 19,030 22,935
Hindu 30,430 16,600 13,835 0 0 0 0 0 0 47,390 25,045 22,345 35,615 19,215 16,405
Jewish 35,930 17,990 17,940 0 0 0 25 20 10 84,530 41,470 43,065 73,900 36,055 37,840
Muslim 218,395 113,570 104,820 40 20 20 35 10 20 421,710 218,255 203,455 233,440 121,145 112,290
Sikh 15,630 8,360 7,265 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,345 12,385 10,960 17,820 9,590 8,225
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 205 80 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,790 1,900 1,895 220 80 135
Other religions and spiritual traditions 8,860 4,145 4,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,385 12,370 14,010 9,925 4,610 5,315
No religion and secular perspectives 534,180 281,845 252,340 80 45 35 255 140 115 2,267,720 1,197,655 1,070,065 590,140 310,985 279,165
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,706,230 842,970 863,255 380 170 210 535 265 275 8,228,540 4,085,665 4,142,870 1,940,495 956,130 984,365
Non-movers 1,471,775 723,745 748,030 330 140 190 455 230 225 7,283,250 3,618,915 3,664,330 1,685,130 826,630 858,500
Movers 234,450 119,225 115,230 50 30 20 80 30 45 945,290 466,750 478,540 255,365 129,500 125,865
Non-migrants 174,665 88,775 85,895 25 10 15 70 30 40 543,670 268,740 274,925 186,805 94,745 92,055
Migrants 59,790 30,455 29,335 30 20 10 10 0 0 401,625 198,010 203,615 68,560 34,750 33,810
Internal migrants 31,510 15,825 15,685 30 20 10 10 0 0 349,095 170,740 178,355 37,680 18,795 18,885
Intraprovincial migrants 22,730 11,190 11,535 30 20 10 0 0 0 321,005 156,550 164,455 27,865 13,660 14,205
Interprovincial migrants 8,780 4,635 4,145 0 0 0 0 0 0 28,085 14,185 13,895 9,810 5,130 4,680
External migrants 28,280 14,630 13,650 0 0 0 0 0 0 52,530 27,270 25,265 30,885 15,960 14,925
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,634,705 806,720 827,980 350 160 190 525 255 270 7,886,185 3,909,425 3,976,760 1,860,375 915,410 944,970
Non-movers 890,430 431,050 459,385 155 65 90 240 120 125 4,810,540 2,390,480 2,420,060 1,038,900 502,160 536,740
Movers 744,270 375,675 368,595 190 100 95 280 130 145 3,075,650 1,518,950 1,556,700 821,475 413,250 408,230
Non-migrants 416,555 207,830 208,725 105 40 70 190 95 95 1,312,590 644,860 667,730 433,700 216,030 217,670
Migrants 327,720 167,840 159,875 85 55 25 90 45 50 1,763,060 874,090 888,970 387,770 197,215 190,560
Internal migrants 145,860 72,315 73,545 80 55 20 45 25 25 1,442,970 707,975 734,995 190,035 93,955 96,075
Intraprovincial migrants 118,675 58,715 59,960 75 55 20 35 15 20 1,359,165 666,050 693,115 159,710 78,770 80,940
Interprovincial migrants 27,185 13,600 13,580 0 0 0 15 0 0 83,805 41,925 41,880 30,325 15,190 15,135
External migrants 181,860 95,525 86,335 0 0 0 45 20 25 320,090 166,115 153,975 197,735 103,260 94,485
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 320 135 185 445 200 245 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,135 807,560 842,575
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 253,885 125,810 128,075 35 10 20 20 15 10 1,426,055 773,160 652,895 274,820 136,500 138,320
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 1,199,415 587,940 611,470 285 125 165 425 190 235 5,492,670 2,641,355 2,851,320 1,375,315 671,055 704,255
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,205 492,180 489,025 210 95 115 300 135 165 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770 1,097,000 547,645 549,355
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 115,240 62,335 52,905 25 10 20 0 0 0 642,800 382,415 260,380 121,295 65,950 55,345
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 865,970 429,855 436,115 185 85 95 295 135 165 3,791,730 1,826,340 1,965,390 975,700 481,690 494,005
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 320 140 185 445 200 245 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,135 807,560 842,575
No certificate, diploma or degree 228,310 111,220 117,090 30 10 20 10 0 0 1,256,550 656,495 600,060 247,460 120,840 126,625
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 281,440 143,785 137,655 60 35 25 50 20 20 1,482,020 719,250 762,770 319,755 162,520 157,240
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 943,545 458,740 484,805 225 85 145 385 170 215 4,180,150 2,038,775 2,141,380 1,082,915 524,200 558,715
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 420,630 208,325 212,310 90 30 60 135 70 70 2,551,215 1,297,600 1,253,615 473,060 232,855 240,210
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 135,320 75,570 59,755 45 15 30 55 25 30 1,096,360 666,925 429,435 146,170 81,740 64,425
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 98,575 50,165 48,415 35 0 30 45 15 30 793,030 427,220 365,815 106,110 54,025 52,085
Apprenticeship certificate169 36,750 25,405 11,335 10 10 0 0 0 0 303,330 239,705 63,620 40,055 27,715 12,340
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 226,630 107,020 119,610 30 0 25 70 40 30 1,202,040 528,525 673,515 260,845 122,345 138,495
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 58,675 25,735 32,945 15 10 10 10 0 10 252,815 102,150 150,665 66,045 28,760 37,285
Bachelor's degree or higher 522,915 250,415 272,500 140 60 80 250 105 145 1,628,940 741,170 887,765 609,855 291,355 318,505
Bachelor's degree 294,530 137,550 156,980 75 35 40 135 65 70 1,011,695 443,295 568,405 344,605 160,320 184,285
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 51,000 23,685 27,315 15 10 0 15 0 10 149,425 66,595 82,825 58,945 27,280 31,665
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 13,135 6,300 6,830 0 0 0 10 0 10 43,755 20,810 22,940 16,885 8,385 8,500
Master's degree 138,940 68,590 70,355 40 10 35 65 15 50 360,795 174,150 186,645 159,510 78,325 81,190
Earned doctorate171 25,315 14,295 11,025 10 0 0 25 15 0 63,270 36,320 26,955 29,905 17,040 12,865
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,210 492,185 489,025 210 100 110 300 135 165 4,434,525 2,208,760 2,225,765 1,097,000 547,645 549,355
No certificate, diploma or degree 97,670 52,760 44,910 25 0 15 0 0 0 525,155 303,815 221,345 102,815 55,805 47,015
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 146,020 79,740 66,280 30 15 10 35 20 15 752,855 388,160 364,700 162,205 88,420 73,785
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 737,515 359,680 377,835 160 70 85 260 115 150 3,156,515 1,516,785 1,639,730 831,975 403,420 428,555
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 302,205 152,275 149,925 65 30 40 90 45 50 1,849,290 942,950 906,335 333,160 167,260 165,895
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 103,365 56,740 46,625 35 20 20 40 25 20 836,455 498,385 338,075 110,390 60,690 49,700
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 76,115 38,060 38,055 20 0 20 30 15 20 609,895 319,470 290,425 81,090 40,585 40,505
Apprenticeship certificate169 27,250 18,680 8,565 15 15 0 0 0 0 226,565 178,915 47,650 29,300 20,105 9,195
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 155,015 75,780 79,230 15 0 15 40 25 20 838,140 372,455 465,685 174,185 84,745 89,445
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 43,825 19,755 24,070 20 10 0 10 0 10 174,695 72,115 102,580 48,580 21,830 26,755
Bachelor's degree or higher 435,315 207,405 227,905 90 40 50 175 65 105 1,307,225 573,835 733,395 498,815 236,155 262,665
Bachelor's degree 239,785 112,440 127,345 55 30 25 85 35 55 802,755 343,100 459,650 276,640 128,890 147,745
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 42,855 19,650 23,205 0 0 0 0 0 0 119,460 50,155 69,310 48,390 21,995 26,395
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10,470 4,595 5,875 0 0 0 10 0 10 33,445 13,520 19,920 12,900 5,750 7,150
Master's degree 121,575 59,570 62,010 25 0 25 55 15 35 302,065 140,530 161,530 137,150 66,720 70,430
Earned doctorate171 20,630 11,160 9,475 0 0 0 15 10 0 49,500 26,520 22,985 23,735 12,795 10,935
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 320 135 185 445 205 245 6,918,725 3,414,515 3,504,215 1,650,135 807,555 842,580
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 509,755 255,010 254,740 90 50 45 60 35 30 2,738,575 1,375,740 1,362,830 567,220 283,355 283,860
Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 0 0 0 30 10 20 292,470 65,830 226,640 56,030 12,985 43,045
13. Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 0 0 0 30 10 20 292,470 65,830 226,640 56,030 12,985 43,045
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 63,605 30,650 32,955 10 0 10 20 0 20 166,900 75,420 91,480 69,210 32,705 36,505
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 7,690 5,340 2,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 23,530 16,540 6,990 8,075 5,620 2,455
50. Visual and performing arts 55,915 25,310 30,600 10 0 10 20 0 20 143,365 58,875 84,490 61,135 27,085 34,045
Humanities 69,055 27,655 41,405 10 0 0 50 25 25 228,770 90,810 137,960 78,920 30,815 48,110
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 13,280 3,420 9,860 0 0 0 0 0 0 35,440 8,360 27,080 15,135 3,710 11,430
23. English language and literature/letters 7,005 2,310 4,695 0 0 0 10 0 10 14,855 4,790 10,065 8,800 2,825 5,970
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 24,785 10,755 14,030 0 0 0 10 0 10 107,105 44,755 62,345 28,165 11,870 16,295
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 750 270 485 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,195 825 1,365 935 325 605
38. Philosophy and religious studies 4,470 2,710 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,135 6,895 4,240 5,015 2,980 2,035
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,895 1,240 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,385 5,650 3,735 2,225 1,440 780
54. History 5,890 3,170 2,720 0 0 0 0 0 0 17,420 9,975 7,445 6,815 3,655 3,160
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 10,980 3,785 7,195 0 0 0 10 10 0 31,240 9,565 21,680 11,835 4,005 7,835
Social and behavioural sciences and law 135,105 49,230 85,875 45 15 30 65 25 40 430,845 142,280 288,570 157,220 58,185 99,040
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,930 580 1,345 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,980 1,515 3,460 2,145 640 1,510
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 21,825 7,570 14,260 15 0 10 10 0 0 57,080 19,060 38,020 23,760 8,265 15,495
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 16,140 1,820 14,315 0 0 0 20 0 20 79,155 6,625 72,535 18,245 2,110 16,130
22. Legal professions and studies 24,300 9,690 14,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,880 29,725 48,160 28,365 11,670 16,690
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,725 1,115 2,610 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,015 3,185 8,825 4,005 1,235 2,770
42. Psychology 18,040 4,375 13,670 10 0 10 15 10 0 65,230 15,095 50,135 21,400 5,075 16,330
45. Social sciences 49,145 24,080 25,070 20 10 15 20 10 10 134,510 67,065 67,440 59,300 29,185 30,110
Business, management and public administration 212,570 93,910 118,660 65 20 50 50 25 30 950,820 357,290 593,535 248,895 110,950 137,945
30.16 Accounting and computer science 195 110 85 0 0 0 0 0 0 780 305 475 230 125 105
44. Public administration and social service professions 10,270 2,590 7,675 0 0 0 0 0 0 55,355 12,215 43,145 11,535 2,785 8,745
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 202,105 91,205 110,895 60 20 45 50 25 25 894,690 344,770 549,925 237,125 108,040 129,090
Physical and life sciences and technologies 48,295 25,025 23,270 10 0 0 15 10 0 158,655 83,605 75,050 57,445 29,770 27,670
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 19,755 8,140 11,615 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,680 23,925 33,755 23,060 9,475 13,585
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,970 4,260 3,710 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,605 14,230 11,375 10,555 5,610 4,945
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 4,885 2,495 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,115 11,710 12,400 5,355 2,735 2,620
40. Physical sciences 14,030 9,170 4,855 0 0 0 0 0 0 42,530 29,180 13,350 16,655 10,925 5,725
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,650 965 690 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,730 4,560 4,165 1,825 1,025 800
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 58,555 41,475 17,080 10 10 0 35 20 15 177,780 124,955 52,825 65,435 46,010 19,420
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 47,925 35,890 12,030 10 10 0 20 15 10 147,845 110,915 36,930 53,075 39,595 13,480
25. Library science 3,205 810 2,400 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,610 2,255 9,355 3,720 895 2,825
27. Mathematics and statistics 6,060 3,785 2,280 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,160 9,515 5,645 7,120 4,425 2,695
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,365 995 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,170 2,270 900 1,515 1,095 425
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 153,375 127,040 26,335 35 30 0 60 40 20 866,885 778,835 88,060 173,380 143,615 29,765
04. Architecture and related services 11,945 6,400 5,550 0 0 0 0 0 0 33,975 19,075 14,895 13,085 7,045 6,040
14. Engineering 67,700 52,785 14,915 15 10 0 40 20 15 181,290 147,120 34,170 78,800 61,515 17,290
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,350 20,890 3,460 0 0 0 10 0 0 161,440 141,185 20,255 27,365 23,480 3,885
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 65 115 65 25 45
46. Construction trades 19,805 18,840 970 10 10 0 0 0 0 189,550 182,910 6,635 21,310 20,295 1,010
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 18,350 17,680 675 0 0 0 0 0 0 179,610 173,605 6,010 20,645 19,920 730
48. Precision production 11,150 10,425 725 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,835 114,865 5,975 12,110 11,340 775
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,155 5,040 5,115 0 0 0 0 0 0 99,230 60,010 39,225 11,685 5,720 5,960
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,670 3,340 3,330 0 0 0 0 0 0 64,510 34,415 30,100 7,725 3,820 3,900
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,490 1,700 1,785 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,715 25,595 9,125 3,960 1,895 2,060
Health and related fields 106,500 26,315 80,185 30 0 25 40 0 35 515,215 101,455 413,760 122,295 30,795 91,495
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 6,050 3,110 2,945 0 0 0 0 0 0 29,140 14,930 14,215 6,950 3,490 3,460
51. Health professions and related programs178 95,775 20,920 74,855 25 0 25 40 0 35 470,150 78,875 391,275 109,185 24,140 85,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 170 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 270 575 235 110 125
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 4,505 2,215 2,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,080 7,385 7,700 5,925 3,060 2,865
Personal, protective and transportation services 38,585 20,835 17,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 291,295 157,925 133,365 42,230 22,590 19,640
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 24,500 9,050 15,445 0 0 0 0 0 0 154,335 42,710 111,625 26,800 9,745 17,060
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 355 320 35 45 40 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 160 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,450 1,300 145 170 170 0
43. Security and protective services 6,385 4,920 1,465 0 0 0 0 0 0 57,625 43,715 13,905 6,855 5,225 1,630
49. Transportation and materials moving 7,525 6,685 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 77,545 69,880 7,660 8,355 7,410 945
Other179 165 45 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,280 370 905 180 55 125
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 981,205 492,180 489,025 210 100 115 305 135 170 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770 1,097,000 547,645 549,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 243,690 132,500 111,190 55 25 30 40 25 15 1,278,015 691,975 586,035 265,025 144,230 120,800
Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 0 0 0 25 10 15 195,595 39,630 155,965 38,405 8,860 29,545
13. Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 0 0 0 25 10 15 195,595 39,630 155,965 38,405 8,860 29,545
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 50,935 25,035 25,900 10 0 10 20 0 20 129,065 58,170 70,895 54,840 26,500 28,340
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 6,360 4,440 1,920 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,205 12,610 5,590 6,635 4,630 2,005
50. Visual and performing arts 44,575 20,595 23,980 10 0 10 20 0 20 110,860 45,555 65,305 48,205 21,870 26,335
Humanities 46,970 18,990 27,980 0 0 0 25 10 15 144,140 56,410 87,730 52,565 20,765 31,805
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 10,150 2,655 7,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 26,015 5,955 20,065 11,310 2,805 8,510
23. English language and literature/letters 5,430 1,810 3,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,825 3,320 7,510 6,465 2,100 4,365
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 14,680 6,710 7,965 0 0 0 10 0 10 61,125 26,395 34,730 16,385 7,290 9,100
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 530 180 345 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 485 930 625 205 415
38. Philosophy and religious studies 3,255 1,965 1,290 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,300 4,485 2,815 3,605 2,150 1,455
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,090 765 325 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,765 3,040 1,725 1,295 890 405
54. History 4,355 2,340 2,015 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,190 6,880 5,305 4,965 2,670 2,300
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 7,470 2,560 4,910 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,500 5,850 14,650 7,920 2,660 5,255
Social and behavioural sciences and law 106,455 38,085 68,370 25 10 15 50 25 30 334,475 103,635 230,840 121,985 44,105 77,880
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,550 480 1,065 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,905 1,180 2,725 1,715 520 1,190
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 18,665 6,420 12,245 0 0 0 10 0 0 47,510 15,360 32,155 20,165 6,920 13,245
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 12,815 1,340 11,475 0 0 0 10 0 10 64,690 4,665 60,025 14,380 1,525 12,850
22. Legal professions and studies 19,485 7,385 12,100 0 0 0 0 0 0 59,965 20,645 39,325 22,425 8,630 13,785
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 2,760 840 1,925 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,380 2,320 6,060 2,935 915 2,020
42. Psychology 13,520 3,205 10,310 0 0 0 15 10 0 48,920 10,080 38,835 15,795 3,645 12,150
45. Social sciences 37,670 18,415 19,255 15 10 10 15 10 10 101,105 49,385 51,720 44,580 21,945 22,635
Business, management and public administration 173,115 76,040 97,075 50 15 35 30 15 10 741,390 268,705 472,685 199,525 87,920 111,600
30.16 Accounting and computer science 165 90 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 245 300 190 105 90
44. Public administration and social service professions 8,055 2,070 5,980 0 0 0 0 0 0 43,070 8,735 34,335 8,920 2,215 6,705
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 164,900 73,875 91,030 50 15 35 30 15 10 697,775 259,725 438,045 190,410 85,600 104,810
Physical and life sciences and technologies 32,990 16,980 16,010 0 0 0 0 0 0 102,055 53,195 48,865 37,905 19,350 18,560
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 16,185 6,735 9,450 0 0 0 0 0 0 46,430 18,895 27,530 18,535 7,670 10,860
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 3,955 2,115 1,840 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,010 7,225 5,780 4,885 2,570 2,310
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,310 725 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,205 3,155 2,050 1,385 765 625
40. Physical sciences 10,390 6,710 3,680 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,410 20,760 10,650 11,860 7,610 4,250
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,150 700 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,010 3,155 2,855 1,240 735 510
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 48,495 34,620 13,875 10 10 0 30 20 15 147,350 104,880 42,465 53,860 38,275 15,590
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 40,770 30,640 10,130 10 10 0 20 20 10 126,845 95,720 31,120 45,135 33,805 11,335
25. Library science 2,310 595 1,715 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,990 1,480 6,510 2,550 635 1,915
27. Mathematics and statistics 4,525 2,760 1,765 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,365 6,250 4,115 5,175 3,140 2,040
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 890 625 265 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,145 1,435 710 1,000 690 305
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 123,175 100,630 22,545 30 25 0 45 35 10 665,365 588,950 76,415 137,395 112,025 25,370
04. Architecture and related services 10,010 5,255 4,750 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,250 14,670 12,580 10,855 5,700 5,155
14. Engineering 57,935 44,795 13,135 15 10 0 25 15 10 152,450 121,715 30,735 66,210 51,090 15,115
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 18,540 15,920 2,620 0 0 0 0 0 0 121,270 104,235 17,035 20,510 17,545 2,955
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 65 105 65 25 45
46. Construction trades 15,040 14,235 805 10 10 0 0 0 0 142,000 136,435 5,570 16,030 15,195 835
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 13,695 13,120 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 133,660 128,555 5,100 15,275 14,660 615
48. Precision production 7,890 7,285 605 0 0 0 0 0 0 88,560 83,270 5,290 8,455 7,805 650
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,675 4,150 4,525 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,190 45,870 33,320 9,845 4,635 5,210
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,650 2,705 2,950 0 0 0 0 0 0 51,620 26,290 25,335 6,465 3,045 3,415
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,020 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 27,565 19,580 7,985 3,380 1,585 1,795
Health and related fields 82,510 20,560 61,950 20 0 15 30 0 25 387,725 74,730 312,995 92,595 23,265 69,330
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 4,900 2,500 2,395 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,615 11,045 11,565 5,570 2,765 2,805
51. Health professions and related programs178 73,950 16,430 57,525 15 0 15 30 0 25 352,905 58,735 294,170 82,410 18,370 64,045
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 145 50 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 730 180 550 185 75 115
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 3,510 1,570 1,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,475 4,765 6,710 4,425 2,055 2,370
Personal, protective and transportation services 30,275 16,455 13,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 229,120 122,320 106,800 32,910 17,695 15,220
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 19,020 6,985 12,035 0 0 0 0 0 0 120,395 31,320 89,075 20,670 7,455 13,220
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 250 30 40 35 0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 95 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 770 125 95 95 0
43. Security and protective services 5,050 3,915 1,135 0 0 0 0 0 0 45,820 34,595 11,230 5,410 4,150 1,260
49. Transportation and materials moving 6,095 5,435 655 0 0 0 0 0 0 61,730 55,385 6,340 6,695 5,960 735
Other179 135 30 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 290 750 140 30 110
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 981,205 492,180 489,025 210 100 115 305 135 170 4,434,525 2,208,755 2,225,770 1,097,000 547,645 549,355
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 243,690 132,500 111,190 55 25 30 40 25 15 1,278,015 691,975 586,035 265,025 144,230 120,800
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 737,515 359,685 377,835 155 75 80 265 110 155 3,156,515 1,516,785 1,639,730 831,975 403,415 428,560
Location of study inside Canada 529,195 254,400 274,795 120 55 65 230 100 130 2,742,030 1,307,625 1,434,400 598,455 286,340 312,115
Same as province or territory of residence 503,230 241,010 262,225 120 55 65 205 90 115 2,625,165 1,249,755 1,375,410 566,540 270,160 296,380
Different than province or territory of residence 25,965 13,390 12,570 0 0 0 25 15 0 116,855 57,870 58,990 31,915 16,180 15,735
Location of study outside Canada182 208,320 105,280 103,040 35 20 15 40 10 25 414,490 209,160 205,330 233,520 117,075 116,445
Americas 36,730 18,600 18,130 10 0 0 0 0 0 81,780 40,955 40,820 41,560 21,015 20,550
United States of America 10,760 6,075 4,690 0 0 0 0 0 0 22,720 12,785 9,930 13,525 7,585 5,945
Mexico 4,800 2,245 2,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,685 4,330 5,350 5,165 2,400 2,770
Cuba 1,340 685 660 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,325 1,770 1,555 1,440 735 705
Haiti 5,065 2,775 2,295 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,100 4,860 4,245 5,155 2,830 2,325
Jamaica 110 70 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 125 95 130 70 60
Brazil 3,765 1,800 1,960 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,640 4,105 4,540 4,100 1,950 2,150
Colombia 3,560 1,695 1,870 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,880 5,550 6,340 3,860 1,790 2,065
Peru 1,375 580 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,210 1,335 1,875 1,475 625 845
Venezuela95 1,680 680 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,615 1,525 2,090 1,870 775 1,090
Other locations of study in Americas 4,265 1,995 2,270 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,395 4,580 4,815 4,850 2,255 2,595
Europe 68,060 36,130 31,930 10 0 0 25 10 15 138,260 74,045 64,210 74,705 39,515 35,190
Belgium 1,775 910 865 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,415 2,385 2,030 1,865 950 920
France 41,640 22,775 18,860 10 0 0 0 0 0 77,225 43,085 34,135 43,480 23,805 19,675
Germany 1,035 560 475 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,410 1,335 1,070 1,240 665 575
Netherlands 465 260 205 0 0 0 0 0 0 935 530 415 525 300 225
Switzerland 965 570 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,425 1,090 1,085 610 475
Hungary 195 105 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 190 180 230 125 105
Moldova183 1,825 870 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,245 2,500 2,750 2,155 1,030 1,125
Poland 815 285 530 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,700 620 1,080 965 345 620
Romania 3,250 1,665 1,585 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,370 5,330 5,040 4,030 2,045 1,975
Russian Federation 2,410 1,105 1,305 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,330 2,420 2,905 2,965 1,350 1,615
Ukraine 2,045 895 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,615 2,105 2,510 2,410 1,075 1,340
Ireland96 285 190 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 290 175 330 225 110
United Kingdom87 4,680 2,520 2,160 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,955 4,885 4,070 5,815 3,140 2,680
Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 75 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 715 360 360 130 75 55
Italy 1,325 760 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,330 1,345 985 1,460 820 640
Serbia86 115 40 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 345 155 180 145 50 95
Other locations of study in Europe 5,105 2,535 2,570 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,325 5,080 5,245 5,870 2,905 2,965
Africa 48,445 25,700 22,745 0 0 0 0 0 0 95,260 49,800 45,460 50,645 26,790 23,860
Nigeria 1,230 655 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,835 955 880 1,430 740 690
Algeria 19,210 9,980 9,230 0 0 0 0 0 0 30,560 15,715 14,850 19,530 10,160 9,370
Morocco 9,515 4,945 4,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,240 9,910 9,330 9,845 5,080 4,765
Tunisia 4,555 2,570 1,990 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,865 6,135 4,730 4,725 2,660 2,060
Egypt 3,025 1,615 1,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,245 3,170 3,075 3,655 1,900 1,760
South Africa, Republic of 250 110 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 585 290 295 345 165 180
Other locations of study in Africa 10,660 5,840 4,825 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,925 13,620 12,310 11,115 6,080 5,030
Asia 53,780 24,120 29,655 0 0 0 0 0 0 96,865 43,055 53,805 65,125 28,945 36,180
Iran88 5,230 2,440 2,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,440 4,365 5,075 7,025 3,280 3,745
Iraq 330 180 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 380 415 425 215 210
Israel 520 285 235 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,315 650 665 950 480 465
Lebanon 4,185 2,105 2,075 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,840 4,795 5,050 4,800 2,370 2,430
Syria89 3,120 1,480 1,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,960 2,795 3,165 3,465 1,630 1,830
Turkey 695 400 295 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,210 685 525 825 475 350
China90 9,950 4,420 5,540 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,740 9,165 11,570 13,220 5,865 7,360
Taiwan 365 150 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 235 430 440 180 260
Hong Kong91 230 110 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 405 170 235 275 130 150
Japan 800 300 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,395 435 955 905 330 575
Korea, South92 1,265 435 825 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,275 820 1,450 1,625 560 1,065
Philippines 8,890 2,860 6,030 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,170 4,975 9,195 10,585 3,395 7,190
Viet Nam 1,125 415 710 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,730 590 1,135 1,225 445 780
Bangladesh 2,020 1,065 955 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,530 1,315 1,215 2,070 1,095 980
Sri Lanka 645 240 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 970 410 565 715 275 445
India 9,500 4,925 4,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,730 6,885 6,845 10,915 5,585 5,330
Pakistan 1,165 575 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,210 1,080 1,125 1,410 705 705
Other locations of study in Asia 3,745 1,750 1,995 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,490 3,285 4,205 4,240 1,925 2,310
Oceania 1,305 730 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,325 1,300 1,025 1,475 820 660
Australia 1,095 610 490 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,795 1,010 785 1,210 665 545
New Zealand 165 100 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 215 185 225 130 95
Other locations of study in Oceania 50 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 50 25 20
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 320 140 185 445 200 245 6,918,730 3,414,515 3,504,210 1,650,135 807,560 842,575
In the labour force 959,135 498,125 461,010 210 95 120 315 150 170 4,435,465 2,302,595 2,132,870 1,081,640 561,340 520,295
Employed 859,920 445,255 414,665 175 70 105 300 145 155 4,100,450 2,126,350 1,974,095 971,245 502,885 468,360
Unemployed 99,210 52,870 46,345 35 25 10 15 0 10 335,015 176,245 158,775 110,395 58,460 51,935
Not in the labour force 494,165 215,620 278,540 110 40 65 130 55 75 2,483,265 1,111,920 1,371,340 568,495 246,215 322,280
Participation rate 66.0 69.8 62.3 65.6 67.9 64.9 70.8 75.0 69.4 64.1 67.4 60.9 65.5 69.5 61.8
Employment rate 59.2 62.4 56.1 54.7 50.0 56.8 67.4 72.5 63.3 59.3 62.3 56.3 58.9 62.3 55.6
Unemployment rate 10.3 10.6 10.1 16.7 26.3 8.3 4.8 0.0 5.9 7.6 7.7 7.4 10.2 10.4 10.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 320 135 185 445 205 245 6,918,725 3,414,515 3,504,215 1,650,135 807,555 842,580
Did not work186 508,670 222,700 285,970 110 50 65 110 60 50 2,442,685 1,085,560 1,357,125 582,470 253,075 329,400
Worked 944,630 491,050 453,580 210 95 125 335 145 190 4,476,045 2,328,960 2,147,085 1,067,665 554,490 513,175
Worked full year full time187 464,805 252,405 212,400 100 50 50 155 70 90 2,360,025 1,281,245 1,078,775 529,400 287,950 241,450
Worked part year and/or part time188 479,820 238,645 241,180 110 45 70 185 80 100 2,116,020 1,047,710 1,068,310 538,265 266,540 271,725
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.7 40.1 39.2 39.2 40.4 38.4 37.0 40.0 34.6 41.3 41.7 40.8 39.7 40.2 39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 959,130 498,125 461,010 210 95 115 315 145 165 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870 1,081,635 561,345 520,295
Class of worker - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 0 0 0 90,550 43,585 46,970 31,515 15,365 16,150
All classes of workers191 930,570 484,150 446,425 205 90 110 315 145 165 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905 1,050,120 545,980 504,150
Employee 811,850 411,090 400,750 200 90 105 250 120 130 3,814,195 1,934,455 1,879,740 907,745 457,830 449,915
Permanent position 661,995 340,865 321,135 175 85 95 220 105 110 3,190,685 1,637,795 1,552,885 741,830 380,445 361,385
Temporary position 149,850 70,230 79,620 20 0 15 30 10 15 623,510 296,655 326,850 165,915 77,385 88,530
Fixed term (1 year or more) 63,645 28,710 34,935 0 0 0 15 10 10 217,905 94,210 123,700 69,690 31,285 38,405
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 86,205 41,520 44,685 15 0 10 10 0 10 405,605 202,450 203,155 96,225 46,100 50,120
Self-employed192 118,725 73,050 45,670 0 0 0 65 30 40 530,720 324,555 206,165 142,380 88,145 54,230
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 959,130 498,125 461,010 210 95 115 315 145 165 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870 1,081,635 561,345 520,295
Occupation - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 0 0 0 90,550 43,585 46,970 31,515 15,365 16,150
All occupations191 930,570 484,150 446,425 205 90 110 315 145 165 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905 1,050,120 545,980 504,150
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 14,540 10,000 4,545 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,745 57,370 22,370 19,090 13,485 5,600
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 180,355 69,570 110,785 60 10 45 85 55 30 778,905 256,150 522,760 207,660 79,975 127,685
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 101,555 76,005 25,555 15 15 0 30 20 10 360,495 272,510 87,985 114,775 85,780 28,990
3 Health occupations 75,605 18,730 56,870 20 0 20 40 0 35 359,665 70,075 289,590 85,545 21,700 63,845
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 124,755 41,025 83,730 30 10 20 80 15 65 558,725 166,020 392,700 140,500 46,385 94,115
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 56,870 29,555 27,310 0 0 0 20 0 15 146,560 72,400 74,165 61,790 31,615 30,175
6 Sales and service occupations 234,485 120,480 114,005 30 10 15 45 30 15 1,064,155 499,825 564,335 263,055 135,300 127,750
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 98,535 89,140 9,395 30 30 0 10 0 0 702,290 645,355 56,935 109,555 99,115 10,440
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,025 3,855 1,170 0 0 0 0 0 0 86,625 68,885 17,735 5,775 4,415 1,355
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 38,850 25,795 13,060 15 15 0 0 0 0 207,740 150,405 57,335 42,380 28,195 14,185
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 959,130 498,125 461,010 210 95 115 315 145 165 4,435,460 2,302,590 2,132,870 1,081,635 561,345 520,295
Industry - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 0 0 0 90,550 43,585 46,970 31,515 15,365 16,150
All industries191 930,570 484,150 446,425 205 90 110 315 145 165 4,344,910 2,259,010 2,085,905 1,050,120 545,980 504,150
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,920 1,730 1,185 0 0 0 0 0 0 79,050 55,055 23,990 3,250 1,910 1,340
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 1,195 805 390 0 0 0 0 0 0 24,890 21,200 3,695 1,355 910 440
22 Utilities 5,150 3,245 1,905 0 0 0 0 0 0 31,005 22,680 8,330 5,585 3,470 2,110
23 Construction 33,445 28,300 5,150 0 0 0 0 0 0 296,035 254,795 41,240 37,460 31,570 5,890
31-33 Manufacturing 76,115 51,395 24,725 40 35 10 30 20 10 449,115 320,715 128,405 86,535 58,295 28,235
41 Wholesale trade 33,845 20,380 13,470 10 0 10 0 0 0 147,340 96,670 50,670 42,365 25,230 17,140
44-45 Retail trade 98,705 49,745 48,960 25 10 15 20 15 0 514,090 248,905 265,185 111,555 56,180 55,375
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 49,075 38,320 10,755 10 0 0 0 0 0 209,445 161,115 48,330 56,160 43,355 12,805
51 Information and cultural industries 40,020 24,295 15,730 0 0 0 25 15 10 94,130 57,495 36,630 43,110 26,250 16,865
52 Finance and insurance 47,065 23,830 23,235 15 10 0 10 0 10 169,985 74,020 95,960 53,430 27,205 26,225
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 16,780 9,730 7,045 10 0 0 15 10 10 63,030 35,450 27,575 20,440 11,820 8,615
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 113,755 65,950 47,800 15 0 15 55 30 25 345,345 193,365 151,985 130,405 75,750 54,655
55 Management of companies and enterprises 1,720 850 875 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,605 2,675 2,935 2,130 1,045 1,080
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 45,325 27,460 17,860 0 0 0 10 10 0 171,345 104,695 66,645 49,530 29,800 19,735
61 Educational services 84,380 31,030 53,350 20 10 0 60 25 35 340,885 104,300 236,590 95,290 34,510 60,780
62 Health care and social assistance 128,175 32,195 95,980 35 0 35 75 20 55 617,200 122,675 494,525 142,545 36,095 106,450
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20,970 10,860 10,105 0 0 0 0 0 0 72,700 38,810 33,890 23,355 12,045 11,315
72 Accommodation and food services 53,745 29,185 24,555 0 0 0 0 0 0 232,480 109,950 122,530 59,510 32,125 27,380
81 Other services (except public administration) 39,595 16,105 23,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 190,470 89,730 100,735 43,990 17,935 26,050
91 Public administration 38,595 18,740 19,850 10 0 0 0 0 0 290,765 144,705 146,055 42,120 20,455 21,665
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 220 95 125 350 155 200 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785 1,148,440 595,375 553,060
English 161,015 89,010 72,005 15 10 10 100 35 65 350,525 195,385 155,145 201,310 110,165 91,150
French 399,340 197,680 201,660 110 45 65 60 25 30 3,032,290 1,536,735 1,495,555 416,430 206,170 210,265
Non-official language 7,340 3,600 3,735 0 0 0 0 0 0 18,820 10,150 8,670 8,105 4,035 4,075
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,175 2,195 1,975 10 0 10
Non-Indigenous 7,330 3,600 3,725 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,650 7,955 6,690 8,100 4,035 4,065
English and French 405,305 214,915 190,385 75 35 40 160 80 85 1,245,535 671,300 574,230 473,485 249,700 223,785
English and non-official language(s) 10,790 6,090 4,695 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,875 13,895 11,980 12,600 7,050 5,545
French and non-official language(s) 7,145 3,405 3,745 10 0 10 10 10 0 20,370 9,725 10,645 7,410 3,530 3,880
English, French and non-official language(s) 25,465 12,730 12,735 10 10 0 20 0 20 52,970 26,700 26,265 28,645 14,450 14,195
Multiple non-official languages 420 260 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 725 435 290 455 280 170
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 220 95 125 350 155 200 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785 1,148,440 595,375 553,060
Single responses 908,980 471,095 437,880 195 85 110 295 125 170 4,477,745 2,321,955 2,155,790 1,022,255 529,440 492,820
Official languages 895,835 464,520 431,315 195 85 110 290 120 170 4,441,500 2,302,830 2,138,665 1,007,600 522,060 485,540
English 286,010 155,790 130,215 25 10 10 185 65 120 668,485 365,785 302,695 361,715 194,885 166,835
French 609,825 308,725 301,095 175 75 100 105 55 50 3,773,015 1,937,050 1,835,965 645,885 327,180 318,705
Non-official languages 13,145 6,580 6,565 0 0 0 10 0 0 36,245 19,120 17,125 14,660 7,380 7,285
Indigenous languages39 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,220 5,140 5,080 30 0 30
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,520 3,320 3,195 0 0 0
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,480 3,310 3,170 0 0 0
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,730 1,925 1,810 0 0 0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 760 375 385 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 10 0 0 0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,830 1,465 1,370 0 0 0
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,570 720 855 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,690 1,815 1,875 30 0 30
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,690 1,815 1,875 30 0 30
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 13,120 6,580 6,545 0 0 0 10 0 0 26,030 13,980 12,050 14,625 7,380 7,250
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,295 720 575 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,465 1,385 1,075 1,450 790 655
Berber languages 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 25 10 25 20 0
Kabyle 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 25 20 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 1,275 710 570 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,425 1,365 1,060 1,425 780 650
Amharic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arabic 1,190 670 520 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,235 1,290 945 1,275 720 555
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 70 95 125 50 80
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,220 535 685 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,640 720 920 1,250 550 700
Khmer (Cambodian) 175 70 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 315 140 175 175 70 100
Vietnamese 1,045 460 585 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,325 585 745 1,075 475 600
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 75 125 60 65
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ilocano 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 10 10 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 90 50 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 65 95 50 50
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 15 0 10
Creole languages 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 150 175 210 100 110
Haitian Creole 210 95 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 145 175 210 100 110
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 80 25 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 65 95 95 30 60
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10 0 10
Tamil 75 25 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 65 85 85 30 50
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 6,260 3,210 3,055 0 0 0 10 0 0 13,485 7,750 5,735 6,880 3,515 3,370
Albanian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 10 0 0
Armenian 80 60 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 310 200 115 85 60 30
Balto-Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 10 0 0 1,025 395 625 675 220 455
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 10 0 0 1,025 395 625 675 220 455
Bulgarian 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 20 30 35 10 25
Czech 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polish 90 30 65 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 45 90 95 30 75
Russian 385 130 250 0 0 0 10 0 0 735 280 450 485 165 320
Serbo-Croatian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 15 0 10
Bosnian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Serbian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 10 0 10
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 35 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 35 45 10 30
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 825 405 425 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,420 725 695 850 405 450
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
High German languages 790 385 405 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,345 680 665 815 385 430
German 95 65 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 175 125 115 65 55
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0
Yiddish 695 325 375 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,000 485 520 700 325 375
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 25 10 10 0 10
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dutch 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 10 0 10
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 25 15 15
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 10 0 0
Swedish 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 15 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Greek 175 55 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 180 240 205 65 135
Indo-Iranian languages 1,695 935 755 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,550 1,410 1,135 1,905 1,070 835
Indo-Aryan languages 1,405 760 650 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,950 1,065 885 1,550 860 690
Bengali 85 25 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 40 70 85 25 55
Gujarati 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 30 10 20
Hindi 120 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 75 125 60 65
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nepali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,080 615 465 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,480 855 625 1,200 705 495
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urdu 100 55 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 160 80 85 110 55 55
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Iranian languages 285 175 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 345 255 355 210 145
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 25 20 0
Persian languages 255 150 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 570 320 250 325 185 140
Dari 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 115 75 20 10 10
Iranian Persian 225 130 95 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 200 165 295 165 135
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 0 15 10 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,925 1,575 1,355 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,725 4,830 2,890 3,155 1,690 1,465
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0
Italian 310 160 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 445 220 225 330 165 160
Portuguese 245 90 155 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 185 300 275 105 170
Romanian 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 135 95 110 70 45
Spanish 2,290 1,265 1,025 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,530 4,250 2,275 2,425 1,335 1,090
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 30 0 10 10 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 125 25 105 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 40 185 130 25 110
Korean 240 100 145 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 165 215 280 115 165
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 45 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 55 40 50 35 15
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0
Lingala 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 15 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 30 0 15 15 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Sign languages 85 30 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 125 195 90 35 60
American Sign Language 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 20 25 10 15
Quebec Sign Language 60 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 100 170 60 20 40
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 10 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,580 3,370 3,210 3,935 2,055 1,875
Chinese languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,580 3,370 3,210 3,935 2,055 1,875
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandarin 2,100 1,110 995 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,285 2,190 2,095 2,645 1,430 1,215
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 30 40 60 25 40
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,140 550 590 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,195 1,130 1,060 1,215 595 620
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 25 15 10
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Burmese 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 15 35 15 0 10
Lao 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0
Thai 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 15 0 10
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 85 45 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 65 70 90 55 40
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkish 80 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 70 90 50 40
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 15 0 15
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0
Hungarian 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 15 0 10
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple responses 107,830 56,590 51,240 20 10 15 55 30 25 269,365 142,370 126,995 126,180 65,940 60,240
English and French 99,075 52,050 47,030 20 10 10 55 30 25 249,945 132,640 117,300 116,535 60,925 55,605
English and non-official language(s) 3,105 1,760 1,350 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,150 3,800 3,355 3,595 2,065 1,530
French and non-official language(s) 2,345 1,085 1,255 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,010 2,675 3,335 2,450 1,125 1,320
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,255 1,680 1,575 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,165 3,215 2,950 3,555 1,810 1,750
Multiple non-official languages 45 10 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 30 60 45 10 35
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 220 95 125 350 155 200 4,747,110 2,464,325 2,282,785 1,148,440 595,375 553,060
None 667,690 342,985 324,705 145 60 90 210 90 115 3,655,520 1,876,935 1,778,585 743,180 381,875 361,305
English 201,200 106,725 94,480 55 30 25 35 25 10 720,960 391,075 329,885 219,885 116,455 103,430
French 115,950 61,585 54,365 0 0 0 80 35 55 302,145 161,340 140,805 149,470 78,495 70,975
Non-official language 14,925 7,790 7,135 10 0 10 0 0 0 32,245 16,505 15,745 16,645 8,685 7,960
Indigenous39 65 20 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,025 1,350 1,675 90 30 60
Non-Indigenous 14,860 7,770 7,095 10 0 10 0 0 0 29,220 15,155 14,065 16,555 8,655 7,900
English and French 1,155 540 610 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,270 1,250 1,270 595 675
English and non-official language(s) 8,605 4,110 4,490 0 0 0 0 0 0 19,400 9,340 10,060 9,295 4,530 4,765
French and non-official language(s) 5,480 2,970 2,510 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,070 6,110 4,970 6,620 3,610 3,005
English, French and non-official language(s) 165 85 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 160 125 190 100 85
Multiple non-official languages 1,645 895 745 0 0 0 15 0 10 2,965 1,605 1,365 1,895 1,035 865
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 859,920 445,255 414,665 180 70 105 300 145 150 4,100,450 2,126,350 1,974,095 971,245 502,885 468,360
Worked at home 260,415 132,065 128,355 45 15 30 115 60 60 897,770 435,285 462,480 298,820 151,335 147,485
Worked outside Canada 2,775 1,725 1,045 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,355 5,980 2,380 3,270 2,060 1,205
No fixed workplace address 81,290 57,160 24,130 15 10 0 10 10 0 442,035 333,730 108,305 89,120 62,795 26,325
Usual place of work 515,440 254,310 261,130 115 45 70 165 70 95 2,752,285 1,351,360 1,400,930 580,035 286,695 293,340
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 515,440 254,310 261,135 120 45 70 165 70 95 2,752,285 1,351,360 1,400,930 580,035 286,695 293,340
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 413,515 195,935 217,580 80 30 50 145 65 75 1,475,055 685,340 789,710 427,475 202,010 225,465
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 46,495 24,705 21,790 0 0 0 0 0 0 419,210 203,335 215,875 91,735 47,670 44,070
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 53,810 32,610 21,200 35 15 20 20 0 15 823,150 442,385 380,765 58,865 35,690 23,175
Commute to a different province or territory 1,620 1,060 565 0 0 0 0 0 0 34,875 20,300 14,575 1,955 1,320 635
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 596,730 311,465 285,265 135 55 75 175 75 100 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235 669,150 349,485 319,665
Car, truck or van 338,295 197,990 140,305 80 40 35 85 50 30 2,633,265 1,430,735 1,202,535 395,615 229,315 166,300
Car, truck or van - as a driver 313,045 188,685 124,360 80 40 35 75 50 30 2,482,735 1,367,240 1,115,495 365,770 218,475 147,295
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 25,245 9,300 15,940 0 0 0 0 0 0 150,535 63,495 87,040 29,845 10,845 19,005
Public transit 169,380 71,050 98,330 50 15 35 75 25 50 287,345 120,460 166,885 177,860 74,605 103,260
Walked 57,390 24,650 32,735 0 0 0 15 0 10 178,645 78,570 100,075 61,160 26,300 34,860
Bicycle 20,425 11,990 8,430 0 0 0 0 0 0 40,420 26,585 13,835 21,435 12,640 8,795
Other method 11,255 5,785 5,470 0 0 0 0 0 0 54,645 28,740 25,895 13,090 6,635 6,455
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 596,730 311,465 285,265 135 55 75 175 75 100 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235 669,150 349,485 319,665
Less than 15 minutes 106,580 52,520 54,070 20 10 10 20 0 15 1,005,850 482,465 523,385 125,240 61,185 64,055
15 to 29 minutes 211,950 113,835 98,115 35 20 15 85 40 40 1,110,975 578,835 532,140 241,005 129,590 111,420
30 to 44 minutes 161,385 87,950 73,435 45 25 25 25 20 0 635,870 363,430 272,445 176,925 96,710 80,215
45 to 59 minutes 62,880 30,620 32,255 15 0 10 30 0 25 235,140 133,720 101,425 67,635 33,110 34,530
60 minutes and over 53,935 26,540 27,400 15 0 10 15 0 10 206,480 126,635 79,840 58,350 28,905 29,445
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 596,730 311,465 285,265 135 55 75 175 75 100 3,194,325 1,685,090 1,509,235 669,150 349,485 319,665
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 35,870 26,330 9,540 0 0 0 10 10 0 241,420 189,270 52,155 38,800 28,480 10,315
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 86,515 50,895 35,625 20 0 15 30 0 25 569,745 368,480 201,265 95,270 56,280 38,990
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 147,765 69,890 77,880 35 10 25 45 20 25 935,640 441,465 494,170 166,695 79,410 87,280
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 130,185 59,500 70,680 45 20 20 55 20 30 626,895 259,220 367,675 149,185 68,865 80,320
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 93,190 44,255 48,935 0 0 0 25 20 10 330,930 142,495 188,435 106,855 50,615 56,240
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 103,205 60,595 42,610 15 10 0 10 0 0 489,685 284,160 205,530 112,350 65,830 46,520
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 321,810 164,440 157,375 95 50 50 135 75 60 1,677,585 859,745 817,835 371,310 189,920 181,390
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 80,715 41,690 39,030 10 5 5 60 35 30 303,835 156,030 147,805 109,065 56,315 52,750
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 241,095 122,750 118,345 85 45 40 75 45 30 1,373,745 703,720 670,030 262,245 133,605 128,640
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 226,825 115,930 110,890 60 30 30 105 60 45 1,222,970 626,390 596,585 264,905 135,505 129,395
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 60,615 31,295 29,320 5 0 5 55 30 25 230,080 118,075 112,005 82,880 42,755 40,130
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 48,760 25,220 23,545 5 0 5 50 25 25 175,305 90,000 85,305 67,535 34,945 32,590
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 11,855 6,080 5,775 0 0 0 5 5 0 54,775 28,070 26,700 15,350 7,810 7,540
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 166,210 84,635 81,575 55 30 25 50 30 20 992,895 508,315 484,580 182,020 92,755 89,270

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Date modified: