Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24662211More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			OntarioMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	532	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	14,223,942	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	13,448,494	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	260	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	5,929,250	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	252	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	5,491,201	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	5,185.2	...	...	4.2	...	...	15.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	0.10	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	892,411.76	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	535	245	285	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	14,223,945	6,970,855	7,253,085
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	80	40	40	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	2,251,795	1,155,630	1,096,160
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	25	10	10	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	683,515	350,035	333,480
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	20	10	10	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	764,430	392,380	372,050
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	35	20	15	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	803,850	413,215	390,635
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	340	170	175	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	9,334,440	4,616,340	4,718,100
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	30	15	15	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	801,455	413,485	387,970
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	25	10	15	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	895,600	465,525	430,075
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	20	15	10	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	975,400	497,185	478,215
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	30	10	15	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	981,210	487,465	493,745
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	40	20	20	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	948,030	463,170	484,860
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	40	20	20	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	890,160	427,860	462,295
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	45	15	20	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	894,580	430,580	464,005
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	30	15	10	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	941,270	455,420	485,845
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	50	25	30	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	1,040,160	507,700	532,465
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	40	15	25	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	966,575	467,955	498,625
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	110	40	70	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	2,637,710	1,198,880	1,438,825
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	30	10	20	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	813,215	386,325	426,890
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	20	10	10	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	691,280	325,435	365,840
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	20	10	10	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	469,485	217,485	252,000
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	15	5	10	840,545	370,905	469,645	325,110	143,070	182,045
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	15	5	10	861,395	319,540	541,860	338,620	126,565	212,050
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	10	0	10	525,445	212,735	312,705	205,480	83,875	121,605
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	5	5	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	101,430	34,715	66,710
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	28,000	7,235	20,770
100 years and over	465	90	375	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	3,705	745	2,965
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	15.0	16.3	14.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	15.8	16.6	15.1
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	63.6	69.4	61.4	64.8	65.4	64.2	65.6	66.2	65.0
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	20.6	16.3	24.6	19.0	17.7	20.2	18.5	17.2	19.8
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	2.8	2.0	3.5	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.4	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	43.9	41.4	46.0	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.8	40.7	42.8
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	45.2	42.4	48.4	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.0	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	250	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	75	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	2,942,990	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	10	...	...	746,560	...	...	303,260	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	0	...	...	980,110	...	...	505,265	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	35	...	...	821,490	...	...	181,030	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	125	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	548,785	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	984,665	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	10,220	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	14,985	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	100	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	70	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	1,798,040	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	40	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	872,480	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	35	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	825,445	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	5	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	542,700	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	535	250	285	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	450	210	245	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	11,972,145	5,815,220	6,156,925
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	235	120	120	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	6,769,725	3,384,485	3,385,240
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	180	90	90	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	5,738,390	2,866,825	2,871,565
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	60	30	30	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	1,031,340	517,665	513,670
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	45	20	25	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	727,825	366,175	361,650
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	55,440	29,445	25,995
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	15	10	10	721,715	365,760	355,950	220,445	110,510	109,935
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	27,625	11,535	16,095
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	215	85	125	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	5,202,420	2,430,735	2,771,690
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	140	70	70	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	3,515,215	1,885,705	1,629,515
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	10	5	0	741,135	319,045	422,090	333,775	139,675	194,100
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	40	10	35	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	695,630	266,865	428,765
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	25	5	20	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	657,800	138,495	519,305
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	145	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	65	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	1,936,595	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	40	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	877,660	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	35	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	811,380	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	10	...	...	855,960	...	...	344,035	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	140	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	3,969,670	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	115	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	3,291,560	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	90	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	2,776,165	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	55	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	1,571,480	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	35	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	1,204,680	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	25	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	515,395	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	15	...	...	808,645	...	...	189,835	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	15	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	325,560	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	25	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	678,110	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	15	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	538,450	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	10	...	...	383,670	...	...	139,660	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	535	250	285	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	14,031,750	6,887,760	7,143,995
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	410	205	205	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	11,601,460	5,741,475	5,859,990
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	235	120	120	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	6,583,120	3,292,585	3,290,525
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	25	10	20	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	678,110	139,660	538,450
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	150	75	75	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	4,340,235	2,309,225	2,031,005
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	115	55	60	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	3,281,460	1,736,630	1,544,825
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	35	20	15	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	1,058,775	572,595	486,185
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	120	50	75	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	2,430,295	1,146,280	1,284,010
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	100	40	60	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	1,452,540	651,180	801,365
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	15	5	10	927,345	393,085	534,260	388,780	155,465	233,320
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	10	5	10	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	588,970	339,640	249,325
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	140	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	3,347,195	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	110	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	2,841,660	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	70	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	1,517,365	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	45	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	1,324,295	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	20	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	505,535	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...	221,120	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	45,215	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...	184,430	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	10	...	...	663,835	...	...	240,700	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	100	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	450	205	245	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	440	200	240	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	43,600	47,600	40,000	41,200	46,400	36,800	41,200	46,000	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	440	200	240	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,320
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	39,200	41,600	36,800	36,800	40,800	33,600	37,200	41,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	395	190	205	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	10,010,415	4,968,685	5,041,730
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	37,600	39,600	31,600	35,200	42,400	29,200	36,000	43,200	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	310	160	150	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	8,153,180	4,198,670	3,954,510
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	43,600	45,200	40,000	37,200	43,200	32,000	38,000	43,600	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	355	150	205	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	10,239,835	4,910,535	5,329,295
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	12,400	11,800	13,100	9,800	8,500	11,000	8,900	6,850	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	45	25	20	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	1,054,225	467,500	586,725
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	6,120	5,800	x	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,600	5,520	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	135	70	60	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	3,327,770	1,623,900	1,703,870
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,700	9,200	8,700	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	455	195	260	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	11,296,770	5,486,720	5,810,050
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	60,400	82,000	44,000	54,450	62,650	46,560	56,350	64,900	48,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	455	195	260	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	11,302,690	5,489,710	5,812,980
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	47,000	58,400	38,400	44,920	50,320	39,680	46,280	51,900	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	410	190	220	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	10,011,345	4,970,240	5,041,105
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	56,400	77,000	38,400	50,240	59,500	41,000	52,700	62,350	43,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	340	175	165	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	8,153,185	4,198,665	3,954,515
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	56,200	75,500	35,600	50,280	58,050	42,000	52,600	60,500	44,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	365	140	225	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	10,242,610	4,912,020	5,330,580
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	12,240	9,600	13,800	11,170	10,180	12,060	10,640	9,440	11,740
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	50	30	20	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	1,052,985	466,380	586,605
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	6,800	3,800	12,000	7,050	6,710	7,370	6,640	6,120	7,060
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	130	70	60	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	3,321,155	1,619,825	1,701,335
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	8,000	8,800	7,200	8,920	8,740	9,100	9,300	9,150	9,450
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	130	75	55	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	3,865,695	2,145,810	1,719,885
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	74,500	92,000	70,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	67,000	72,000	61,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	102,000	132,000	62,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	82,400	90,700	72,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	180	90	90	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	3,112,160	1,451,440	1,660,720
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	17,600	34,000	17,200	18,400	21,000	16,600	17,400	19,400	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	30,600	36,000	25,600	29,160	33,960	24,860	28,520	32,760	24,820
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	84.0	92.0	73.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.8	87.0	77.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	69.5	82.0	52.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	67.4	71.4	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	16.0	8.4	27.2	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.1	13.0	22.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.2	0.7	2.0	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	4.4	4.0	5.0	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.5	4.5	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	3.8	3.6	4.0	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.9	4.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	450	210	245	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	10	5	5	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	488,030	248,310	239,725
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	440	200	240	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	11,294,815	5,485,375	5,809,440
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	35	10	20	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	977,950	423,650	554,300
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	40	25	20	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	1,383,475	596,755	786,720
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	75	30	45	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	1,752,040	763,295	988,745
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	45	10	30	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	1,388,215	609,735	778,480
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	50	30	20	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	1,190,885	547,655	643,230
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	50	15	35	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	985,270	468,060	517,205
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	25	10	15	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	782,980	396,770	386,210
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	30	15	10	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	612,620	331,080	281,545
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	20	10	10	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	477,445	271,290	206,150
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	15	5	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	385,830	218,395	167,435
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	60	35	20	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	1,358,115	858,695	499,415
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	35	20	10	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	897,615	538,590	359,025
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	25	15	5	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	460,495	320,105	140,395
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	450	210	245	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	10	5	5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	482,035	245,195	236,845
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	440	200	240	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	11,300,805	5,488,490	5,812,315
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	35	10	25	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	1,025,995	440,280	585,715
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	40	25	15	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	1,442,850	625,100	817,750
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	85	30	55	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	1,967,040	859,195	1,107,840
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	60	25	40	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	1,621,120	733,430	887,690
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	75	35	40	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	1,384,490	655,400	729,090
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	40	15	20	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	1,068,365	535,895	532,470
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	25	15	15	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	782,135	422,645	359,495
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	25	10	10	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	572,210	325,895	246,315
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	15	5	5	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	457,650	249,665	207,980
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	10	10	5	643,700	402,325	241,380	280,640	169,480	111,160
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	25	15	5	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	698,310	471,495	226,815
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	10	5	5	792,455	530,970	261,490	344,450	223,970	120,480
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	10	10	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	353,860	247,525	106,335
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	450	210	245	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	11,782,845	5,733,685	6,049,165
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	140	50	90	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	3,629,670	1,535,015	2,094,650
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	310	160	155	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	8,153,175	4,198,665	3,954,510
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	35	20	15	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	1,218,885	604,555	614,330
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	25	10	20	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	688,670	304,845	383,825
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	40	15	20	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	928,840	424,990	503,850
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	20	10	10	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	696,570	325,510	371,065
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	25	15	10	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	677,110	320,720	356,390
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	25	15	15	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	672,005	320,925	351,080
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	25	10	15	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	611,665	307,370	304,290
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	15	10	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	519,955	278,350	241,605
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	15	10	5	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	419,875	237,375	182,500
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	20	5	10	929,490	539,395	390,095	352,235	207,090	145,150
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	10	5	5	760,035	439,505	320,530	316,750	176,135	140,615
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	45	35	15	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	1,050,620	690,800	359,820
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	20	10	10	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	489,720	295,720	194,005
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	25	25	5	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	560,895	395,080	165,810
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	450	205	245	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	11,782,845	5,733,680	6,049,160
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	430	200	230	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	11,051,405	5,357,685	5,693,725
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	41,600	46,400	39,200	39,200	45,200	34,000	39,200	44,800	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	430	200	230	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	11,055,345	5,358,275	5,697,070
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	36,000	39,200	34,400	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,600	40,000	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	390	185	205	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	9,877,245	4,895,500	4,981,740
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	39,600	43,200	37,600	36,800	44,000	30,800	37,600	44,400	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	310	155	150	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	8,159,090	4,190,670	3,968,420
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	46,400	49,200	44,400	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,800	44,400	34,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	320	130	190	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	9,643,335	4,616,005	5,027,335
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	5,960	4,560	8,500	4,240	1,960	6,450	2,200	1,010	4,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	35	15	15	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	723,990	308,550	415,450
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	3,960	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,640	5,360	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	440	185	255	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	11,053,285	5,358,015	5,695,270
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	61,200	85,000	44,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	53,800	62,850	45,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	440	185	255	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	11,057,080	5,358,540	5,698,545
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	46,400	58,800	37,200	42,920	49,000	37,160	44,080	50,120	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	380	175	205	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	9,878,270	4,896,015	4,982,255
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	63,000	87,000	42,800	51,040	60,800	41,320	53,250	63,150	43,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	310	155	155	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	8,160,870	4,191,675	3,969,185
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	66,000	92,000	40,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	52,700	60,850	44,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	320	105	220	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	9,644,415	4,616,310	5,028,100
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	9,120	5,100	11,100	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,150	5,990	8,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	55	15	35	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	725,250	308,485	416,760
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	4,600	2,800	5,200	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,340	6,410	8,030
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	11,782,825	5,733,365	6,049,460
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	130	75	55	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	3,830,200	2,124,710	1,705,495
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	74,000	88,000	68,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	62,800	68,500	56,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	108,000	140,000	62,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	77,800	86,600	66,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	155	75	80	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	2,925,680	1,365,355	1,560,325
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	28,600	33,200	28,600	24,200	28,000	21,800	23,600	26,200	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	38,000	48,000	29,600	35,200	41,280	29,720	34,640	39,840	30,040
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	89.0	96.0	78.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	88.4	91.8	84.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	76.0	92.0	56.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	72.4	75.8	67.8
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	10.9	3.4	21.6	12.3	8.9	16.9	11.6	8.2	16.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	0.9	0.3	1.8	1.2	1.0	1.6	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	71,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	62,800	...	...	73,000	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	100	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	1,452,540	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	40,400	...	...	41,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	36,400	...	...	37,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	150	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	4,038,660	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	107,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	83,000	...	...	87,700	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	100	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	1,451,915	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	48,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	41,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	47,320	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	160	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	4,039,285	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	142,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	137,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	112,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	0	...	...	165,175	...	...	61,515	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	30,860	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	63,360	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	0	...	...	274,140	...	...	96,980	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	20	...	...	637,695	...	...	186,250	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	10	...	...	505,875	...	...	168,345	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	15	...	...	488,735	...	...	158,810	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	15	...	...	560,950	...	...	175,890	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	15	...	...	572,650	...	...	182,900	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	15	...	...	559,155	...	...	182,945	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	20	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	370,350	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	15	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	364,585	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	20	...	...	986,460	...	...	350,520	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	15	...	...	921,205	...	...	332,395	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	5	...	...	844,835	...	...	310,400	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	90	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	2,455,095	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	20	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	662,625	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	500,495	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	30	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	630,420	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	30	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	661,550	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	0	...	...	186,735	...	...	69,645	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	32,100	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	65,025	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	101,865	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	30	...	...	681,900	...	...	197,995	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	10	...	...	589,110	...	...	190,225	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	10	...	...	582,275	...	...	183,505	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	15	...	...	666,675	...	...	204,300	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	20	...	...	676,995	...	...	215,785	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	15	...	...	655,100	...	...	217,105	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	15	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	440,280	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	15	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	430,860	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	15	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	409,865	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	15	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	385,295	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	5	...	...	911,515	...	...	343,595	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	70	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	2,003,770	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	15	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	685,485	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	20	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	472,130	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	35	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	846,155	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	145	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	3,875,790	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	89,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	45	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	1,361,615	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	70	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	1,770,030	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	131,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	30	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	610,815	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	77,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	68,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	110	40	70	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	2,041,505	990,815	1,050,690
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	39,600	46,400	34,000	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,800	40,000	38,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	35,600	40,000	31,200	34,800	36,000	33,600	35,600	36,000	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	165	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	3,873,665	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	142,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	137,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	108,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	45	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	1,359,275	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	92,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	119,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	80,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	90	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	1,773,005	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	168,000	...	...	160,600	...	...	168,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	128,000	...	...	130,600	...	...	136,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	15	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	607,780	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	200,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	87,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	120,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	100	20	75	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	2,039,230	985,390	1,053,840
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	48,000	52,000	46,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	51,800	54,250	49,480
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	41,000	44,000	40,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	43,440	44,880	42,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	535	245	285	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	14,031,755	6,887,755	7,143,995
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	100	50	50	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	2,726,265	1,400,695	1,325,570
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	30	15	15	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	831,185	425,620	405,560
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	330	160	165	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	8,795,220	4,328,780	4,466,440
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	110	40	70	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	2,510,270	1,158,280	1,351,985
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	75	30	40	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	1,420,525	664,975	755,550
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	10	10	5	854,565	439,490	415,075	314,150	161,695	152,455
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	5	5	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	102,930	52,570	50,360
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	35	15	20	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	803,215	385,100	418,120
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	25	10	15	985,745	391,695	594,050	303,160	118,180	184,980
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	13.6	12.0	14.8	11.1	10.5	11.6	10.1	9.7	10.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	12.0	16.0	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.5	11.5	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	x	x	x	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.4	12.4	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	11.0	9.0	13.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.1	8.9	9.4
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	24.0	20.0	28.0	15.0	12.7	16.9	12.1	10.2	13.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	535	250	285	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	13,977,120	6,860,325	7,116,790
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	100	50	50	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	2,709,120	1,391,825	1,317,290
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	35	15	20	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	825,865	422,885	402,980
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	325	160	170	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	8,763,785	4,313,030	4,450,755
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	105	35	65	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	2,504,220	1,155,470	1,348,745
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	40	15	20	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	738,795	379,035	359,760
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	5	5	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	126,035	64,885	61,150
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	39,415	20,100	19,315
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	25	10	15	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	541,410	283,705	257,710
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	10	0	5	199,155	83,010	116,145	71,350	30,450	40,900
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	7.2	7.0	7.2	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.3	5.5	5.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.7	4.7	4.6
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	x	x	x	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.8	4.8	4.8
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	7.2	6.0	8.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.2	6.6	5.8
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	8.0	x	8.0	3.1	2.7	3.3	2.9	2.6	3.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	535	245	285	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	14,031,755	6,887,760	7,143,995
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	265	115	150	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	6,516,085	3,131,205	3,384,880
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	65	30	35	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	1,318,120	643,165	674,955
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	60	20	35	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	1,283,940	594,495	689,440
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	45	25	20	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	1,292,030	618,405	673,625
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	40	20	15	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	1,296,710	628,155	668,555
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	60	25	35	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	1,325,280	646,975	678,300
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	270	135	135	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	7,515,670	3,756,555	3,759,115
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	25	10	15	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	1,365,960	672,380	693,580
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	70	35	35	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	1,415,070	700,525	714,550
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	65	35	25	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	1,482,300	739,210	743,095
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	60	30	35	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	1,581,535	794,505	787,030
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	50	25	25	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	1,670,800	849,940	820,865
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	535	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	14,031,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.364	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.357	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.478	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.470	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.304	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.308	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.2	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	530	250	285	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	60	25	40	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	12,196,575	6,083,990	6,112,590
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	90	40	50	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	39,310	17,190	22,125
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	375	185	195	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	1,519,365	678,385	840,975
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	5	0	0	689,725	284,170	405,555	344,545	138,355	206,185
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	530	250	285	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	195	80	105	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	13,179,535	6,510,015	6,669,520
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	285	135	150	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	484,425	227,550	256,875
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	50	30	25	476,175	237,635	238,535	98,270	45,480	52,790
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	5	5	0	673,100	275,685	397,420	337,560	134,870	202,685
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	530	250	285	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	495	235	260	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	13,430,605	6,594,620	6,835,990
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	375	175	195	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	9,642,770	4,785,140	4,857,635
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	140	65	75	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	9,179,655	4,566,580	4,613,080
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	235	115	120	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	463,120	218,560	244,550
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	120	55	70	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	3,787,835	1,809,480	1,978,355
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	14,475	6,735	7,740
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	13,545	6,360	7,185
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	5	5	5
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	2,815	1,365	1,455
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	10	0	5
Cree languages	95	35	60	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	2,800	1,360	1,440
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	125	55	70
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	60	20	35
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	550	240	315
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	35	20	15
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	50	25	15
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	1,975	985	990
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	5
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0	625	310	315	15	5	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	70	35	30
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	60	25	30
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	10	5	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	10,645	4,955	5,690
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0	0	0	865	400	460	35	15	25
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	4,240	2,015	2,225
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	6,365	2,920	3,445
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	280	130	145
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	65	25	40
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	25	15	10
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	6,000	2,745	3,250
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	5	5	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	30	20	15
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	30	15	15
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	15	5	5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	5	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	10	5	5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	5	5	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	5	0	5
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	510	200	310
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	10	5	5
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	5	0	5
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	5	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	505	195	305
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	5	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	355	150	205	270	100	165
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	35	15	15
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0	275	115	155	190	75	115
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	40	10	25
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	5	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	20	5	15
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	10	5	5
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	10	5	5
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	5	5	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	5	5	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	10	5	5
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	5	0	5
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	5
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	5	5	5
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	65	30	35
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	120	55	70	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	3,773,365	1,802,745	1,970,620
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	10	5	5	698,355	359,625	338,730	310,765	156,145	154,620
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	855	480	370
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	580	315	265
Tamazight	985	570	415	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	215	130	80
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	0	0	0	395	225	170	60	35	25
Chadic languages	335	180	160	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	635	350	280
Hausa	175	100	70	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	560	315	245
Mina	165	80	90	0	0	0	675	340	335	70	35	35
Coptic	165	90	75	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	535	265	275
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	27,575	12,405	15,170
Bilen	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	930	495	440
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	1,540	760	785
Somali	735	345	390	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	24,700	10,945	13,755
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	755	400	350	405	215	190
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	5	5	5	618,450	320,045	298,405	281,160	142,645	138,515
Amharic	495	235	255	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	12,490	5,745	6,740
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	5	5	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	214,230	109,870	104,360
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	24,105	11,685	12,420
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	15,665	7,535	8,125
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	7,480	3,655	3,820
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	960	485	475
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	970	430	540
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	11,630	6,255	5,375
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	4,120	1,950	2,175
Tigrigna	705	360	340	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	13,360	6,585	6,775
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	450	235	220	255	130	125
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	84,300	37,815	46,485
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	7,065	3,170	3,900
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	77,085	34,585	42,505
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0	460	230	225	140	60	80
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	0	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	208,395	83,860	124,535
Bikol	85	40	50	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	685	300	385
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	2,735	1,115	1,625
Cebuano	680	250	430	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	5,900	2,290	3,615
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	40	20	20
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	3,775	1,460	2,315
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	14,680	5,995	8,680
Indonesian	405	165	240	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	5,440	2,345	3,095
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	375	160	215
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0	0	0	670	275	395	275	115	160
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	125	55	70
Merina	285	120	160	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	30	10	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	835	415	425	95	40	50
Malay	45	20	30	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	540	220	325
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	1,910	875	1,040
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	750	320	430
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	168,845	67,675	101,175
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	590	240	355
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	1,710	690	1,020
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	11,690	5,335	6,355
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	5,160	2,260	2,905
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	600	315	290	435	220	210
Krio	10	10	5	0	0	0	795	365	435	290	115	170
Morisyen	910	440	470	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	1,990	955	1,035
Sango	50	25	20	0	0	0	580	280	300	45	25	25
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	2,690	1,255	1,435
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	1,080	500	580
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	185,145	93,855	91,285
Kannada	225	140	90	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	4,335	2,215	2,115
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	32,805	17,970	14,835
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	126,640	61,665	64,970
Telugu	1,350	915	430	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	20,715	11,690	9,030
Tulu	15	10	5	0	0	0	615	310	305	415	205	210
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	370	170	195	235	105	130
Georgian	105	45	55	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	1,650	890	760
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	480	225	255
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	100	40	55	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	2,119,610	1,032,375	1,087,230
Albanian	1,795	885	910	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	20,720	10,295	10,425
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	14,680	7,060	7,620
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	25	10	15	648,810	297,100	351,710	377,895	172,690	205,205
Baltic languages	315	125	195	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	7,425	3,050	4,370
Latvian	115	55	60	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	3,050	1,250	1,800
Lithuanian	205	70	140	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	4,370	1,800	2,570
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	25	10	15	638,250	292,670	345,580	370,475	169,640	200,840
Belarusian	30	15	15	0	0	0	720	325	395	440	200	240
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	5	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	8,565	4,050	4,520
Czech	555	255	300	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	9,060	4,035	5,025
Macedonian	95	40	55	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	13,620	6,490	7,130
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	5	5	5	160,170	72,120	88,050	106,275	47,780	58,495
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	5	0	5	197,905	89,100	108,800	104,310	46,870	57,440
Rusyn	5	5	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	225	105	115
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	77,145	37,410	39,740
Bosnian	340	170	175	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	7,140	3,495	3,650
Croatian	865	415	450	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	28,385	13,465	14,925
Serbian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	40,465	19,915	20,555
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	1,160	545	610
Slovak	345	130	220	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	8,675	3,910	4,765
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	5,520	2,350	3,175
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	5	0	5	84,705	38,005	46,695	36,340	16,285	20,055
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	440	235	205	285	150	135
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	795	390	405
Irish	10	5	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	225	120	105
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	170	85	85
Welsh	15	10	5	0	0	0	825	410	420	320	140	175
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	230	135	95	80	45	35
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	5	0	5	463,400	221,365	242,035	167,265	78,455	88,810
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	970	465	505
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	5	0	5	301,570	142,580	158,990	102,915	47,630	55,285
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	5	0	5	272,865	128,250	144,615	89,075	40,865	48,205
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	8,895	4,435	4,460
Swiss German	235	125	110	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	2,390	1,125	1,265
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	2,555	1,200	1,350
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	56,725	27,350	29,375
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	2,865	1,460	1,405
Dutch	740	390	345	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	41,240	19,735	21,505
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	1,930	965	970
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	440	210	230
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	8,610	4,275	4,340
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	1,630	700	930
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	6,440	2,905	3,530
Danish	150	70	80	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	3,370	1,545	1,830
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0	905	430	480	175	80	95
Norwegian	65	35	30	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	800	350	445
Swedish	230	120	110	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	2,090	930	1,160
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	225	105	115
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	47,970	23,270	24,700
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	10	5	5	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	884,995	452,190	432,805
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	715,085	367,815	347,270
Assamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	545	265	280	325	150	175
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	54,990	27,905	27,085
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	95,785	50,450	45,340
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	87,035	45,590	41,445
Kacchi	90	40	45	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	3,880	1,760	2,120
Kashmiri	25	15	5	0	0	0	745	395	350	460	230	230
Konkani	55	35	20	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	2,595	1,260	1,340
Marathi	345	200	145	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	9,460	4,875	4,585
Nepali	330	170	160	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	12,430	6,280	6,155
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	1,325	690	630
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	830	445	380
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0	645	325	320	490	245	245
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	260,075	135,000	125,075
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	290	145	145
Sindhi	45	30	20	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	2,670	1,375	1,300
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	11,040	5,400	5,645
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	170,955	85,745	85,210
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	1,760	955	805
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	10	5	10	300,555	150,160	150,390	169,765	84,295	85,470
Baluchi	5	5	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	335	185	150
Kurdish	435	245	190	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	9,120	4,850	4,275
Parsi	25	20	10	0	0	0	555	310	240	330	180	145
Pashto	975	525	450	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	12,780	6,585	6,195
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	10	5	10	262,625	130,180	132,440	146,700	72,240	74,460
Dari	1,085	520	565	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	34,340	16,650	17,685
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	10	5	10	179,425	89,070	90,360	97,135	47,970	49,165
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	15,230	7,615	7,615
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0	815	425	390	495	260	240
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0	0	0	305	165	140	145	85	65
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	50	20	30	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	605,070	287,915	317,155
Catalan	190	90	95	0	0	0	905	470	440	285	140	140
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	20	5	15	319,505	154,295	165,205	194,125	92,875	101,255
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	0	0	0	240,680	115,235	125,450	153,750	73,670	80,080
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	15	5	10	93,160	44,185	48,975	38,955	18,100	20,850
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	20	15	5	538,870	259,500	279,375	217,245	102,760	114,490
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	710	370	345
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	385	195	185	205	105	100
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	12,880	4,245	8,635
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	75,220	34,160	41,065
Mongolian	100	35	65	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	535	235	305
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	42,470	19,960	22,515
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	9,325	4,405	4,915
Bamanankan	665	360	310	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	185	100	85
Edo	60	25	35	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	1,165	475	685
Éwé	330	185	150	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	485	235	245
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	480	245	230
Ga	45	25	20	0	0	0	815	400	415	510	235	275
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	1,195	560	635
Gikuyu	0	5	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	460	180	280
Igbo	90	55	35	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	2,385	1,220	1,170
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	1,920	845	1,075
Lingala	1,680	750	930	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	825	350	475
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	0	0	0	520	245	275	135	55	80
Mòoré	150	85	70	0	0	0	515	260	260	60	30	30
Mwani	20	10	10	0	0	0	695	365	325	345	180	165
Ndebele	30	15	20	0	0	0	920	420	500	335	155	180
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	2,705	1,225	1,480
Shona	80	40	40	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	1,580	710	875
Soninke	205	135	70	0	0	0	505	315	190	195	115	75
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	520	200	320	230	85	150
Swahili	795	385	400	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	6,445	3,010	3,440
Wojenaka	485	225	255	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	60	35	30
Wolof	1,495	800	690	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	460	240	220
Yoruba	625	325	295	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	7,335	3,560	3,775
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	3,655	1,710	1,940
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	1,935	955	985
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	325	165	160
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	320	150	170
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	1,125	555	570
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0	575	305	270	165	80	80
Sign languages	275	140	135	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	2,775	1,480	1,300
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	2,360	1,235	1,125
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0	0	0	990	520	465	35	20	15
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	385	225	160
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	5	5	5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	632,250	291,600	340,655
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	5	5	5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	621,980	286,570	335,410
Hakka	210	85	125	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	6,215	2,860	3,350
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	5	0	5	679,255	310,750	368,510	327,470	150,700	176,770
Min Dong	15	5	5	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	1,015	525	495
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	10,290	4,630	5,660
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	4,190	1,890	2,300
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	267,425	123,440	143,990
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	5,080	2,385	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	630	295	330	300	140	160
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	10,000	4,905	5,095
Burmese	45	15	30	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	1,540	755	790
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	440	200	240
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	1,765	875	895
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	1,530	755	775
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	235	115	120
Tibetan	65	30	35	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	5,785	2,845	2,940
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0	890	445	440	460	230	230
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	585	285	295	275	130	145
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	8,265	3,360	4,905
Lao	1,280	615	665	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	4,570	2,175	2,390
Thai	405	115	295	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	3,535	1,120	2,420
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	410	165	240	165	65	100
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	32,270	17,020	15,250
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	2,870	1,545	1,325
Kazakh	25	15	15	0	0	0	540	230	305	255	115	135
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	26,740	14,190	12,550
Uyghur	140	65	75	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	720	360	360
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	1,080	520	565
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	610	290	320
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	42,270	19,005	23,265
Estonian	70	30	40	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	3,450	1,510	1,940
Finnish	140	55	85	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	7,650	3,210	4,445
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	31,170	14,290	16,875
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	460	220	240
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	40	15	25	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	669,185	323,300	345,885
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	25	10	15	291,325	142,420	148,905	96,260	45,030	51,235
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	5	0	5	921,480	450,685	470,800	494,610	242,470	252,140
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	5	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040	15,710	7,085	8,620
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	5	5	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	16,770	7,725	9,045
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	45,835	20,990	24,845
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	530	250	285	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	135	60	75	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	9,630,975	4,782,040	4,848,935
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	215	105	110	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	188,560	89,335	99,230
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	50	20	25	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	1,124,950	528,060	596,895
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	2,630	1,260	1,375
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	50	20	25	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	1,122,315	526,805	595,515
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	65	35	30	953,760	465,560	488,205	274,675	124,275	150,400
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	15	5	10	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	2,647,980	1,289,510	1,358,470
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	15	5	15	395,320	188,195	207,125	14,065	6,055	8,010
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	45	15	25	455,760	217,995	237,770	117,430	51,870	65,565
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	101,145	46,775	54,370
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	530	250	285	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	14,099,790	6,917,920	7,181,870
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	495	235	260	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	13,384,695	6,573,230	6,811,465
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	435	205	230	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	11,165,425	5,509,035	5,656,395
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	170	75	95	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	10,910,560	5,389,445	5,521,125
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	265	130	135	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	254,870	119,590	135,275
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	65	30	35	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	2,219,265	1,064,195	1,155,070
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	5,710	2,820	2,890
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	5,430	2,695	2,735
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	1,230	620	605
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	20	25	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	1,220	620	605
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	30	15	15
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	15	10	5
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	135	50	85
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	5	0	5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	15	10	5
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	1,015	530	485
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	5	0	5
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	20	10	5
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	20	10	5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	4,185	2,060	2,120
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	5	5	5
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	1,985	995	985
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	2,195	1,065	1,125
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	95	50	50
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	25	10	15
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	2,070	1,005	1,065
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	15	5	10
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	15	5	10
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	5	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	5	5	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	10	0	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	150	65	90
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	150	65	90
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	75	30	45
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	10	5	10
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	50	20	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	15	5	10
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	15	5	10
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	5	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	5	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	5	5	5
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	65	30	35	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	2,213,555	1,061,375	1,152,180
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	0	0	0	395,840	197,010	198,830	181,660	88,245	93,420
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	365	195	170
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	220	115	100
Tamazight	360	195	165	0	0	0	840	455	380	100	55	45
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0	0	0	280	155	130	45	25	20
Chadic languages	125	60	65	0	0	0	835	425	410	355	180	170
Hausa	80	45	45	0	0	0	635	330	305	325	165	155
Mina	40	15	25	0	0	0	200	95	105	30	10	15
Coptic	120	65	60	0	0	0	545	265	280	255	125	130
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	16,105	7,125	8,980
Bilen	10	5	10	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	800	440	355
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	840	385	455
Somali	345	160	185	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	14,230	6,180	8,050
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	230	115	115
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	0	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	164,590	80,620	83,970
Amharic	240	115	125	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	6,405	2,865	3,545
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	0	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	124,865	61,605	63,260
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	18,120	8,680	9,440
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	11,870	5,645	6,225
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	5,550	2,685	2,865
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	705	345	355
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	515	225	290
Hebrew	715	375	335	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	4,925	2,505	2,415
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	770	350	420
Tigrigna	445	230	215	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	8,870	4,335	4,535
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	250	135	115	120	60	60
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	55,990	25,430	30,560
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	3,855	1,705	2,150
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	52,080	23,700	28,380
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0	300	160	135	55	25	30
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	115,225	50,755	64,470
Bikol	35	15	15	0	0	0	760	370	395	255	115	140
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	1,355	600	760
Cebuano	425	180	250	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	3,140	1,380	1,760
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	20	15	5
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	1,960	860	1,100
Ilocano	960	415	545	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	8,105	3,635	4,465
Indonesian	170	85	90	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	1,990	930	1,055
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	210	100	110
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	0	0	0	320	150	170	110	55	60
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	0	0	0	725	370	355	45	15	35
Merina	65	30	35	0	0	0	330	165	170	15	0	15
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0	0	0	390	205	190	35	15	20
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0	280	145	140	130	65	65
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	990	455	535
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0	0	0	680	310	375	250	115	140
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	95,635	41,970	53,660
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0	680	325	360	230	90	140
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	785	355	435
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	6,165	2,705	3,460
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	2,640	1,115	1,525
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0	300	125	175	195	75	115
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	140	60	85
Morisyen	475	225	250	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	1,425	685	735
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0	295	135	160	30	15	15
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	1,325	565	760
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0	870	395	475	420	195	225
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	129,245	64,385	64,855
Kannada	115	65	50	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	2,165	1,110	1,055
Malayalam	970	520	445	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	20,855	11,325	9,535
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	93,165	44,735	48,425
Telugu	820	550	275	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	12,805	7,095	5,710
Tulu	10	5	5	0	0	0	240	120	120	145	65	75
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	205	105	105	110	55	60
Georgian	45	20	25	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	1,040	570	475
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	185	85	95
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	50	25	25	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	1,136,460	553,970	582,490
Albanian	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	9,880	4,875	5,005
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	8,590	4,035	4,545
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	15	5	5	303,480	143,495	159,985	181,290	84,870	96,420
Baltic languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	1,640	700	940
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0	880	395	485	535	225	310
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	1,105	470	630
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	15	5	5	300,985	142,375	158,610	179,650	84,175	95,475
Belarusian	5	5	5	0	0	0	215	100	115	145	70	75
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	5	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	4,100	1,955	2,140
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	2,555	1,180	1,375
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	5,535	2,590	2,945
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	45,800	21,280	24,515
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	5	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	66,045	30,625	35,420
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	120	70	50
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	35,980	17,375	18,610
Bosnian	170	80	90	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	3,450	1,670	1,780
Croatian	365	165	200	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	9,990	4,660	5,335
Serbian	645	320	325	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	22,145	10,850	11,295
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0	0	0	640	315	325	400	195	205
Slovak	70	30	40	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	3,070	1,470	1,600
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	1,000	420	580
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	15,235	7,100	8,135
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	65	40	30
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	140	75	65
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	65	35	25
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	25	10	15
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	45	15	25
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	15	10	5
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	40,600	19,895	20,700
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0	270	110	155	85	45	45
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	28,670	14,000	14,665
German	510	245	270	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	20,680	10,015	10,670
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	7,180	3,590	3,590
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	560	280	280
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	250	115	130
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	11,190	5,540	5,650
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	1,175	595	580
Dutch	105	55	50	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	4,055	2,000	2,050
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	1,265	630	640
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	185	85	100
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	4,415	2,185	2,235
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0	220	100	120	95	40	50
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	620	300	315
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0	615	280	340	210	90	115
Icelandic	15	5	10	0	0	0	175	75	95	30	15	20
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0	260	125	135	70	30	35
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0	890	435	450	310	160	145
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	740	355	390	40	15	20
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	19,065	8,615	10,455
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	10	5	5	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	601,605	304,195	297,410
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	487,535	248,975	238,560
Assamese	5	5	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	145	75	70
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	34,830	17,260	17,570
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	63,145	32,735	30,405
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	52,420	27,250	25,175
Kacchi	60	30	35	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	1,655	725	925
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	145	65	75
Konkani	15	5	5	0	0	0	880	415	470	640	295	345
Marathi	160	90	70	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	4,975	2,540	2,440
Nepali	225	115	105	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	8,910	4,555	4,355
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	655	345	310
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	420	220	200
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	230	125	110
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	198,670	103,170	95,495
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	220	105	110
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	1,390	700	690
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	5,795	2,870	2,925
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	113,020	55,810	57,215
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	930	470	455
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	10	0	10	204,420	99,545	104,875	114,005	55,190	58,815
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	195	105	90
Kurdish	220	120	105	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	5,560	2,815	2,740
Parsi	15	5	5	0	0	0	280	130	150	170	80	90
Pashto	750	405	350	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	8,670	4,315	4,360
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	10	0	10	179,745	87,075	92,670	99,095	47,705	51,395
Dari	675	320	355	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	21,150	10,030	11,120
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	10	0	10	125,840	61,060	64,780	67,320	32,510	34,810
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	10,625	5,160	5,465
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	475	250	225	310	170	135
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	125	70	55	65	35	30
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	20	10	10	577,735	273,965	303,770	275,210	127,365	147,850
Catalan	75	30	40	0	0	0	370	185	190	105	50	55
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	5	5	5	92,755	38,750	54,005	58,670	24,180	34,495
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	0	0	0	118,730	56,685	62,045	74,745	35,620	39,120
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	5	0	5	48,090	23,135	24,955	17,755	8,280	9,480
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	10	5	0	317,365	155,005	162,360	123,690	59,125	64,570
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	425	210	220	240	110	130
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	190	95	95	90	45	40
Japanese	705	285	425	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	5,875	2,485	3,390
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	53,585	24,865	28,720
Mongolian	55	25	30	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	290	145	145
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	16,065	7,275	8,785
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	4,370	1,945	2,425
Bamanankan	205	100	105	0	0	0	560	280	280	80	40	40
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	365	150	215	270	105	170
Éwé	85	45	40	0	0	0	470	225	245	120	50	65
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	220	110	115
Ga	20	10	10	0	0	0	260	115	150	170	70	100
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0	555	260	295	345	160	180
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	70	35	35
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	660	330	330
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	775	330	445
Lingala	570	255	320	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	330	135	190
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	0	0	0	90	35	60	35	10	25
Mòoré	25	10	10	0	0	0	70	30	35	10	5	5
Mwani	10	5	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	80	40	35
Ndebele	5	0	5	0	0	0	295	130	160	115	55	60
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	1,375	630	750
Shona	35	15	20	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	450	195	250
Soninke	95	65	30	0	0	0	235	145	85	105	60	40
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	55	20	35
Swahili	290	155	135	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	2,775	1,250	1,525
Wojenaka	130	50	80	0	0	0	290	130	160	35	25	15
Wolof	600	325	275	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	165	80	80
Yoruba	180	85	90	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	2,640	1,200	1,435
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	835	400	435
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	820	380	440
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	125	55	70
Nuer	5	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	185	80	110
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	460	220	240
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	140	75	70	45	25	20
Sign languages	515	300	220	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	5,010	2,900	2,115
American Sign Language	90	45	40	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	3,920	2,240	1,680
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	50	30	20
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	1,035	625	410
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	5	0	5	967,965	450,210	517,755	469,325	219,365	249,965
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	5	0	5	955,685	444,115	511,565	461,870	215,705	246,165
Hakka	75	35	35	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	2,540	1,170	1,370
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	5	0	5	530,945	249,675	281,270	253,860	120,260	133,600
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0	775	370	405	650	310	340
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	4,890	2,195	2,700
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	2,765	1,300	1,465
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	193,955	88,915	105,040
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	3,090	1,495	1,595
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	225	110	115	110	55	55
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	7,310	3,585	3,720
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	960	460	505
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	305	140	165
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	1,275	640	630
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	1,105	555	550
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	170	85	80
Tibetan	35	20	15	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	4,540	2,245	2,300
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	225	110	115
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	290	135	155	145	70	80
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	3,995	1,875	2,120
Lao	715	350	370	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	2,395	1,145	1,245
Thai	150	60	90	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	1,520	700	820
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	85	35	55
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	19,965	10,165	9,800
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	1,445	715	730
Kazakh	5	0	5	0	0	0	105	55	50	40	20	20
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	17,160	8,770	8,390
Uyghur	100	45	60	0	0	0	850	420	435	490	250	240
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0	950	470	480	580	285	300
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	410	195	210	250	125	130
Uralic languages	695	285	415	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	12,465	5,690	6,780
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	485	180	300
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	1,140	500	640
Hungarian	675	275	400	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	10,835	5,000	5,835
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	390	195	195	195	90	100
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	35	15	25	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	715,095	344,690	370,405
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	15	5	10	230,955	112,070	118,880	59,725	27,005	32,720
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	5	0	5	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	624,265	303,790	320,480
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	5	0	5	125,525	60,405	65,125	6,475	2,810	3,665
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	15	5	5	56,805	27,370	29,430	12,185	5,465	6,715
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	12,445	5,620	6,825
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	535	250	285	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	14,099,790	6,917,915	7,181,870
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	430	200	235	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	11,528,735	5,680,910	5,847,825
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	30	20	10	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	903,960	442,585	461,380
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	25	10	10	571,040	268,530	302,510	189,420	84,900	104,520
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	15	10	10	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	1,136,770	544,150	592,620
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	9,310	4,115	5,190
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	15	10	10	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	1,127,465	540,035	587,425
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	10	5	5	86,185	42,600	43,585	16,580	7,565	9,020
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	10	0	5	323,845	161,995	161,850	140,865	70,400	70,470
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	10	0	5	134,565	61,575	72,995	52,565	22,740	29,820
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	2,920	1,450	1,465
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	127,975	63,220	64,755
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	560	240	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	560	240	320	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	13,688,615	6,750,410	6,938,210
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	470	205	265	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	13,650,230	6,733,550	6,916,680
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	475	220	260	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	1,550,545	690,530	860,020
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	250	105	150	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	5,058,180	2,428,200	2,629,980
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	29,850	13,765	16,080
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	26,775	12,415	14,355
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	5,205	2,540	2,670
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	15	0	15
Cree languages	150	60	90	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	5,155	2,520	2,640
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	335	180	150
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	10	10	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	200	70	130
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	1,165	510	655
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	135	50	90
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	95	60	35
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	3,340	1,685	1,650
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	20	15	10
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	20	10	15
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	295	120	170
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	250	105	150
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	35	15	20
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	21,560	9,880	11,680
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	135	65	70
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	6,260	2,945	3,315
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	15,530	7,035	8,500
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	1,295	510	785
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	210	80	130
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	115	65	55
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	14,155	6,465	7,690
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	95	55	35
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	115	65	50
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	105	60	45
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	50	30	20
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	15	10	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	15	10	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	25	10	10
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	10	10	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	1,000	445	550
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	25	15	10
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	25	15	10
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	970	425	540
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	15	0	10
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	1,625	650	980
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	210	85	125
Mohawk	60	45	20	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	1,220	465	755
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	210	105	110
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	35	10	20
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	135	45	85
Salish languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	65	45	20
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	25	10	15
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	10	10	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	20	15	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	65	50	20
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	20	15	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	15	0	10
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	30	25	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	25	10	20
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	10	0	10
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	20	10	10
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	20	20	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	10	10	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	70	30	45
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	245	125	120
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	250	105	150	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	5,029,345	2,414,910	2,614,440
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	65	35	30	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	481,620	242,565	239,050
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	1,570	845	725
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	950	490	460
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	475	270	205
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	215	125	95
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	2,210	1,060	1,140
Hausa	575	370	210	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	2,005	955	1,045
Mina	625	290	340	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	200	105	95
Coptic	745	385	360	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	2,130	1,000	1,130
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	41,520	19,095	22,425
Bilen	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	1,335	750	585
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	2,950	1,400	1,550
Somali	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	36,825	16,695	20,135
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	815	445	370
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	65	35	30	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	443,215	225,035	218,175
Amharic	780	375	405	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	22,815	11,015	11,800
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	65	35	30	838,045	436,510	401,540	342,860	175,790	167,075
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	33,950	16,770	17,175
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	21,640	10,590	11,045
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	11,170	5,565	5,605
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	1,685	860	820
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	1,610	720	890
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	47,380	24,020	23,360
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	6,055	2,840	3,210
Tigrigna	820	400	420	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	19,755	9,645	10,105
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	685	410	270
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	115,355	52,805	62,550
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	10,085	4,540	5,535
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	105,800	48,475	57,325
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0	910	455	455	275	100	180
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	292,100	117,695	174,400
Bikol	175	65	110	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	1,345	565	785
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	3,410	1,370	2,040
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	11,100	4,270	6,835
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	210	110	100
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	6,435	2,535	3,900
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	26,205	10,300	15,905
Indonesian	805	365	440	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	8,175	3,680	4,495
Kankanaey	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	620	255	365
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	0	0	0	860	345	510	310	130	180
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	270	115	150
Merina	655	320	335	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	35	0	30
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	235	110	125
Malay	355	190	165	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	4,370	1,965	2,410
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	3,390	1,395	1,990
Pangasinan	120	55	65	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	1,610	650	960
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	271,450	108,415	163,035
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	1,810	705	1,105
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	6,850	2,845	4,005
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	36,585	16,590	19,990
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	14,220	6,345	7,875
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	3,385	1,515	1,870
Krio	60	25	40	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	650	240	410
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	5,645	2,735	2,910
Sango	185	100	80	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	270	105	165
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	10,235	4,450	5,785
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	4,065	1,960	2,105
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	272,060	139,105	132,950
Kannada	540	325	215	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	12,930	6,720	6,215
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	48,025	26,105	21,915
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	192,890	96,245	96,645
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	38,190	21,290	16,905
Tulu	30	10	10	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	1,225	655	570
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	970	450	520	685	285	395
Georgian	150	75	70	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	2,170	1,110	1,060
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	555	280	275
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	165	55	110	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	2,941,400	1,441,975	1,499,430
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	26,725	13,445	13,275
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	19,610	9,460	10,150
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	35	10	30	820,305	384,390	435,915	470,080	219,210	250,870
Baltic languages	530	215	315	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	9,715	4,055	5,665
Latvian	190	85	105	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	4,215	1,830	2,385
Lithuanian	340	135	210	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	5,520	2,240	3,280
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	35	10	30	809,985	380,025	429,960	462,520	216,100	246,420
Belarusian	160	55	105	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	1,630	685	950
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	11,310	5,545	5,765
Czech	990	455	535	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	13,130	6,040	7,090
Macedonian	215	80	135	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	21,070	10,020	11,045
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	134,980	61,800	73,180
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	30	10	20	309,235	145,375	163,860	155,340	72,230	83,115
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	295	155	140
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	102,885	50,515	52,365
Bosnian	675	315	365	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	13,895	6,925	6,970
Croatian	1,515	775	740	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	48,075	23,410	24,670
Serbian	1,725	840	885	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	58,045	28,685	29,355
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	1,850	950	905
Slovak	590	250	340	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	11,725	5,340	6,385
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	7,235	3,205	4,025
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	20	0	15	131,655	59,230	72,425	58,355	26,140	32,215
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0	770	385	385	500	255	250
Celtic languages	275	150	125	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	4,115	2,125	1,990
Irish	120	65	55	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	2,345	1,300	1,045
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	715	330	375
Welsh	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	810	360	450
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0	910	495	415	285	160	125
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	20	0	20	658,705	319,800	338,905	257,270	123,000	134,270
Frisian	40	20	25	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	1,750	895	855
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	20	0	20	453,995	222,215	231,780	175,485	84,625	90,855
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	20	0	20	419,195	204,840	214,355	158,120	75,990	82,125
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	10,370	5,150	5,220
Swiss German	300	120	175	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	3,485	1,670	1,815
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	6,100	2,995	3,105
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	78,435	37,515	40,920
Afrikaans	205	95	105	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	9,255	4,785	4,470
Dutch	1,645	825	820	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	55,040	25,820	29,215
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	2,185	1,095	1,095
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	595	275	310
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	10,245	5,150	5,095
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	2,040	910	1,135
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	12,565	5,670	6,895
Danish	425	190	230	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	5,175	2,265	2,905
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	390	165	220
Norwegian	285	155	130	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	2,385	1,175	1,210
Swedish	820	445	370	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	5,340	2,460	2,885
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	480	255	225
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	76,320	37,385	38,945
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	35	15	20	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	1,244,895	639,965	604,930
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	1,049,480	542,040	507,440
Assamese	35	25	15	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	725	355	370
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	76,980	39,455	37,525
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	143,240	75,090	68,150
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	436,125	227,165	208,965
Kacchi	195	95	95	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	8,140	3,695	4,450
Kashmiri	40	25	15	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	1,085	570	515
Konkani	155	95	60	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	6,745	3,165	3,585
Marathi	780	440	340	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	24,775	12,710	12,065
Nepali	485	270	220	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	17,110	8,645	8,465
Oriya languages	45	20	35	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	2,545	1,320	1,225
Odia	30	15	15	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	1,430	775	655
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	1,130	560	575
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	397,865	208,905	188,955
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	370	155	215
Sindhi	100	50	50	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	5,595	2,940	2,655
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	21,630	10,975	10,655
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	295,175	149,300	145,875
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	5,965	3,315	2,650
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	20	10	15	370,520	186,750	183,770	210,370	105,605	104,765
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	520	285	235
Kurdish	780	465	315	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	13,870	7,530	6,340
Parsi	80	35	40	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	525	310	215
Pashto	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	20,790	10,880	9,910
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	20	10	15	326,285	163,665	162,620	183,830	91,790	92,040
Dari	1,280	645	640	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	47,640	23,410	24,235
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	20	10	15	222,160	111,750	110,415	122,305	61,280	61,015
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	16,615	8,475	8,140
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	1,040	510	535
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	1,300	715	580
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	85	35	50	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	922,975	437,590	485,385
Catalan	715	400	315	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	770	415	355
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	30	15	15	547,655	263,950	283,705	312,800	149,440	163,360
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	0	0	0	336,865	164,985	171,880	208,575	101,175	107,390
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	48,315	22,450	25,865
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	55	20	40	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	401,205	187,785	213,425
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	2,355	1,325	1,030
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	910	510	405
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	30,705	13,895	16,810
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	90,475	41,165	49,310
Mongolian	180	55	120	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	745	315	430
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	106,850	50,070	56,780
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	17,570	8,065	9,510
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	760	395	365
Edo	245	115	125	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	3,210	1,370	1,835
Éwé	865	505	360	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	1,195	610	580
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	1,010	530	480
Ga	220	145	75	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	1,870	785	1,080
Ganda	75	40	30	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	2,760	1,145	1,615
Gikuyu	45	0	40	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	1,080	420	660
Igbo	485	280	205	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	8,115	3,985	4,130
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	4,020	1,705	2,315
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	7,315	3,255	4,065
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	1,050	480	570
Mòoré	620	340	280	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	235	135	100
Mwani	20	15	10	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	520	265	255
Ndebele	115	70	40	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	855	380	475
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	4,895	2,250	2,650
Shona	245	150	95	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	3,040	1,345	1,695
Soninke	465	310	155	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	290	185	105
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	630	265	365
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	24,360	11,850	12,510
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	260	130	130
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	1,495	740	755
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	24,375	11,775	12,600
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	12,825	6,130	6,695
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	3,210	1,560	1,645
Dinka	10	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	470	255	215
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	585	260	325
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	2,155	1,040	1,115
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	835	415	415
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	18,990	7,515	11,475
American Sign Language	495	160	330	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	16,685	6,460	10,225
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	380	155	225
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	2,600	1,185	1,420
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	15	0	10	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	747,160	348,570	398,590
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	15	0	10	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	734,190	342,245	391,950
Hakka	335	170	160	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	8,760	4,120	4,640
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	15	0	10	987,300	452,995	534,305	467,415	214,895	252,520
Min Dong	35	20	20	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	1,450	690	765
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	18,020	8,040	9,985
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	6,720	3,010	3,710
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	352,135	163,575	188,560
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	5,200	2,505	2,690
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	515	245	275
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	13,135	6,410	6,735
Burmese	65	10	60	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	2,570	1,255	1,315
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	600	265	330
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	2,255	1,120	1,135
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	1,970	1,005	965
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	385	170	215
Tibetan	95	50	50	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	7,475	3,675	3,800
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	980	445	540
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	565	250	315
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	12,655	5,555	7,105
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	7,370	3,450	3,915
Thai	1,085	390	695	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	6,200	2,485	3,720
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0	800	330	465	335	135	195
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	52,195	27,335	24,860
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	5,910	3,215	2,695
Kazakh	60	35	25	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	710	320	395
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	44,815	23,570	21,245
Uyghur	205	95	110	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	825	430	400
Uzbek	140	85	55	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	2,095	1,040	1,055
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	1,075	465	610
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	52,025	23,840	28,185
Estonian	85	35	50	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	4,010	1,745	2,260
Finnish	245	120	125	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	9,455	4,035	5,420
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	38,690	18,095	20,600
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	2,145	990	1,155
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	555	245	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	406,585	195,100	211,495
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	389,955	187,485	202,470
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	251,030	120,545	130,485
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	134,615	64,850	69,765
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	4,310	2,090	2,220
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	7,115	3,225	3,890
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	9,515	4,385	5,130
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	550	235	315	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	13,625,165	6,692,470	6,932,695
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	555	245	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	172,535	82,960	89,580
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	555	245	315	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	13,859,215	6,804,610	7,054,605
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	125	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	3,755,720	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	130	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	1,724,970	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,510	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	0	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	822,780	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	255	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	4,668,425	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	48,740	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	50	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	769,570	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	70	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	1,205,540	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	90	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	1,918,935	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	45	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	1,548,420	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	105	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	1,579,320	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	55	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	775,580	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	35	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	791,100	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	25	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	708,205	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	40	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	1,636,990	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	5.4	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	255	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	5,328,575	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	162,625	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	255	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	5,122,185	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	0	...	...	805,650	...	...	369,015	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	150	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	1,247,430	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	90	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	1,456,110	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	15	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	711,940	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	10	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	644,080	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	385,045	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	348,760	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	328,735	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	0	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	369,095	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	235	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	5,177,155	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	25	...	...	919,545	...	...	314,050	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	160	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	2,677,880	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	100	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	2,506,110	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	0	...	...	687,485	...	...	307,210	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	255	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,200	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	126,385	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	25	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	727,305	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	65	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	930,410	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	25	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	1,013,210	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	50	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	1,149,345	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	40	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	876,960	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	35	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	481,250	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	25	...	...	457,900	...	...	186,330	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	260	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	5,415,420	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	195	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	4,103,320	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	65	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	1,312,095	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	65	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	1,169,040	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	260	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	5,491,205	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	85	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	1,802,285	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	60	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	1,150,405	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	0	...	...	595,110	...	...	262,900	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	15	...	...	645,465	...	...	201,870	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	74,930	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	0	...	...	199,355	...	...	80,990	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	25,420	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	5,765	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	175	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	3,688,915	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	260	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	5,272,360	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	25	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	639,805	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	235	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	4,632,550	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	125	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	3,718,255	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	40.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	59.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	24.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	17.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	6.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,110	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	1,380	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,700	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	650,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	660,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	807,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	135	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	1,722,000	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	25.9	...	...	33.2	...	...	38.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	24.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	860	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	900	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,408	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	10,510	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	324	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	380	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	560	245	315	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	169,090	81,790	87,305
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	166,095	80,470	85,625
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	136,445	65,890	70,555
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	27,835	13,715	14,120
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	1,810	860	955
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	3,000	1,320	1,675
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	2,660	1,165	1,495
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	175	75	100
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	115	55	60
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	50	30	20
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	20	10	10	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	351,395	168,170	183,220
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	20	10	10	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	342,985	164,410	178,575
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	20	10	10	801,630	384,550	417,075	246,415	118,170	128,245
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	93,245	44,675	48,575
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	3,325	1,570	1,755
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	8,405	3,760	4,640
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	7,595	3,465	4,125
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	535	205	335
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	215	80	135
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0	0	0	330	125	210	60	10	45
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	540	235	305	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	13,511,270	6,637,605	6,873,660
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	560	240	315	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	460	200	260	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	12,633,260	6,196,980	6,436,280
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	80	35	45	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	2,554,125	1,312,480	1,241,645
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	375	165	210	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	10,079,140	4,884,505	5,194,635
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	100	40	55	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	1,398,490	690,590	707,905
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	560	240	315	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,565	7,144,185
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	350	160	190	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	9,437,320	4,691,825	4,745,495
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	180	70	110	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,605
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	15	0	15	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	860,305	403,270	457,030
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	0	0	0	924,320	443,805	480,520	506,195	241,800	264,390
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	10	0	10	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	852,765	399,470	453,295
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	30	15	15	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	941,630	439,390	502,240
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	115	50	65	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	1,045,695	501,050	544,645
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	60	30	35	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	461,010	216,545	244,470
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	55	25	30	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	584,680	284,505	300,175
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	30	20	15	924,850	499,490	425,365	387,850	210,765	177,085
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	175	70	110	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	0	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	375,395	188,360	187,030
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	40	10	30	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	734,680	369,755	364,925
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	15	0	15	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	840,165	375,990	464,175
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	115	55	60	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	1,851,675	869,160	982,515
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	0	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	404,670	181,710	222,955
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	175	70	110	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	4,206,585	1,984,980	2,221,610
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	0	0	0	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	629,550	280,635	348,910
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	23,125	10,700	12,420
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	32,520	14,630	17,890
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	21,780	10,575	11,200
Guyana	1,350	660	690	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	77,635	34,275	43,360
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	11,375	5,000	6,380
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	122,770	52,770	70,000
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	33,380	15,340	18,040
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	11,455	5,025	6,435
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	52,750	23,490	29,260
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	111,390	49,035	62,355
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	0	0	0	250,760	116,305	134,460	131,370	59,810	71,560
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	95	20	70	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	1,049,725	500,520	549,205
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	21,150	10,365	10,780
Croatia	760	390	375	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	24,270	11,860	12,405
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	30	15	20	121,525	63,845	57,685	15,240	7,305	7,930
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	54,275	25,665	28,610
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	31,650	15,385	16,265
Hungary	1,365	650	720	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	18,530	8,555	9,975
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	10	0	10	204,065	101,445	102,625	135,640	66,885	68,750
Netherlands	500	310	190	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	39,490	20,295	19,195
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	88,785	39,620	49,160
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	95,490	46,635	48,855
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	40,475	18,690	21,780
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	44,165	19,010	25,155
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	22,295	10,790	11,505
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	43,070	19,255	23,820
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	239,485	115,580	123,910
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	25	0	20	271,725	131,935	139,790	135,725	64,620	71,100
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	45	25	20	821,735	412,365	409,375	287,920	140,080	147,840
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	30	20	15	79,660	41,065	38,600	4,355	2,160	2,195
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	10,220	4,585	5,640
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	39,345	20,480	18,865
Eritrea	495	250	250	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	14,200	7,255	6,950
Ethiopia	660	305	355	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	19,415	9,050	10,365
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	8,105	3,805	4,300
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	37,420	18,840	18,580
Somalia	400	200	200	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	20,335	8,590	11,745
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	21,540	10,620	10,915
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	10	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	112,985	54,690	58,290
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	40	15	20	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	2,225,590	1,056,605	1,168,985
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	38,580	19,100	19,480
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	20	0	10	182,940	92,300	90,645	103,795	52,260	51,535
Iraq	1,610	890	725	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	63,255	31,725	31,525
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	38,170	19,650	18,515
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	45,685	22,995	22,695
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	20,795	11,105	9,690
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	15	10	10	715,835	317,970	397,860	355,955	159,035	196,925
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	108,480	50,730	57,750
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	62,750	28,690	34,060
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	18,105	7,825	10,275
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	268,580	109,035	159,545
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	86,315	39,175	47,140
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	46,260	23,520	22,740
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	495,750	249,975	245,780
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	165,530	83,050	82,475
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	112,730	54,625	58,100
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	194,855	94,100	100,750
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	13,810	7,140	6,670
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	50	20	30	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	584,680	284,500	300,180
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	68,450	32,815	35,635
Brazil	1,105	455	645	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	8,725	4,095	4,625
Colombia	1,260	575	685	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	4,260	1,825	2,440
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	1,550	705	845
Jamaica	135	70	60	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	9,970	5,205	4,770
Mexico	1,320	690	625	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	5,810	2,740	3,065
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	17,945	8,895	9,045
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	3,400	1,500	1,900
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	16,795	7,840	8,955
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	35	10	25	134,425	69,310	65,120	47,295	23,945	23,345
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	20	0	10	27,175	14,560	12,610	3,225	1,665	1,560
Germany	235	130	105	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	1,685	885	795
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	2,225	1,465	760
Italy	420	260	160	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	1,770	1,040	730
Russian Federation	625	235	390	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	5,150	2,010	3,135
Ukraine	750	355	395	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	6,035	2,675	3,360
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	8,000	4,820	3,180
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	19,200	9,375	9,830
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	20	10	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	64,910	32,295	32,615
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	20	10	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	1,130	545	585
Burundi	715	385	335	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	1,790	815	970
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	1,585	750	830
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	2,275	1,020	1,260
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	1,085	495	595
Egypt	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	6,370	3,230	3,145
Eritrea	275	145	125	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	7,145	3,795	3,350
Ethiopia	90	40	45	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	3,480	1,595	1,880
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	1,890	910	980
Nigeria	550	310	240	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	16,570	8,335	8,230
Somalia	40	25	20	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	3,345	1,775	1,570
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	2,915	1,455	1,460
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	2,095	1,075	1,015
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	820	390	430
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	12,405	6,105	6,305
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	401,940	194,220	207,725
Afghanistan	180	95	85	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	7,225	3,550	3,675
Bangladesh	960	465	495	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	7,710	3,970	3,735
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	54,645	22,895	31,750
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	2,620	1,095	1,525
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	139,660	73,185	66,470
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	13,215	6,335	6,880
Iraq	245	145	100	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	12,940	6,415	6,525
Israel	145	90	60	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	2,270	1,175	1,100
Japan	185	55	130	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	1,460	345	1,115
Jordan	355	160	195	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	2,610	1,340	1,270
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	6,935	2,855	4,075
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	4,365	2,185	2,175
Nepal	180	110	75	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	2,445	1,240	1,200
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	23,970	11,805	12,170
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	45,235	19,170	26,070
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	6,110	3,300	2,805
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	5,895	2,770	3,120
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	30,180	15,370	14,805
Turkey	520	295	225	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	7,060	3,835	3,225
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	5,310	2,785	2,520
Viet Nam	910	395	515	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	6,020	2,205	3,815
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	14,075	6,380	7,700
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	2,090	1,230	855
Australia	195	125	65	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	1,620	985	640
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	470	250	220
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	560	240	320	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	215	90	125	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	4,725,795	2,259,845	2,465,955
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	140	70	75	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	3,180,170	1,594,980	1,585,195
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	205	85	115	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	6,125,785	3,032,745	3,093,040
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	160	65	90	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	130	55	75	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	1,669,195	831,060	838,135
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	60	35	25	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	697,905	424,975	272,930
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	75	20	55	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	971,295	406,090	565,205
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	25	10	15	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	1,037,680	420,725	616,955
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	0	0	0	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	587,735	306,430	281,310
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	51,675	23,490	28,180
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	160	65	90	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	3,346,285	1,581,710	1,764,575
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	0	0	0	416,105	222,895	193,205	262,835	139,045	123,790
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	20	0	15	705,405	324,370	381,035	289,330	131,810	157,520
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	79,320	39,275	40,050
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	20	15	10	377,130	188,535	188,590	179,715	85,115	94,595
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	19,030	7,670	11,360
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	125	50	75	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	2,516,055	1,178,800	1,337,255
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	555	245	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	120	55	65	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	4,817,360	2,350,135	2,467,230
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	0	0	0	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	1,515,295	779,270	736,020
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	20	10	10	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	820,245	388,310	431,935
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	10	0	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	768,740	365,800	402,940
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	363,650	157,580	206,070
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	45	25	25	694,015	362,845	331,170	284,215	146,815	137,395
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	0	0	0	580,235	281,030	299,200	249,190	119,360	129,830
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	167,845	79,270	88,580
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	20	10	10	360,495	181,795	178,695	212,185	106,670	105,520
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	99,425	46,800	52,625
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	31,420	13,690	17,730
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	124,120	59,280	64,835
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	181,025	87,280	93,750
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	435	185	250	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	9,214,395	4,537,435	4,676,955
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	560	240	320	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	14,031,755	6,887,570	7,144,185
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	40	15	25	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	1,621,655	815,240	806,415
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	15	0	10	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	2,347,685	1,145,055	1,202,630
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	90	35	55	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	1,999,985	952,395	1,047,595
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	35	20	20	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	1,937,010	938,335	998,680
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	70	35	35	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	1,039,385	500,570	538,815
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	20	0	15	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	1,058,075	517,665	540,410
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	30	15	10	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	821,835	388,045	433,795
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	30	15	20	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	905,105	453,765	451,335
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	0	0	0	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	764,435	392,845	371,585
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	35	15	20	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	342,260	164,565	177,690
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	478,860	236,645	242,210
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	15	10	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	461,090	221,095	240,000
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	25	10	20	981,635	490,130	491,510	28,035	13,475	14,555
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	15	10	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	462,995	225,610	237,385
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	355,680	154,820	200,860
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	110	55	55	906,315	441,610	464,705	199,845	94,210	105,630
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	221,315	110,260	111,055
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	10	10	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	160,660	76,990	83,670
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	131,780	63,205	68,580
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	0	0	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	182,785	90,865	91,920
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	10	0	10	548,140	260,075	288,065	187,460	87,560	99,900
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	62,840	30,300	32,535
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	188,980	89,555	99,425
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	300,600	149,460	151,145
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	129,750	62,895	66,855
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	25	15	15	342,040	160,475	181,570	143,840	66,950	76,890
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	68,260	31,655	36,600
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	149,040	72,070	76,970
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	34,125	16,055	18,070
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	212,650	107,640	105,015
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	149,265	72,095	77,175
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	155,180	77,755	77,425
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	119,085	62,110	56,985
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	122,735	58,135	64,590
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	35	15	25	263,710	138,210	125,500	110,250	56,985	53,270
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	143,065	72,455	70,605
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	201,945	95,525	106,420
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	110,750	53,190	57,565
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	20,025	9,580	10,445
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	100,025	47,215	52,810
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	86,435	41,425	45,005
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	15	15	10	210,605	107,990	102,615	80,345	40,555	39,790
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	109,410	55,025	54,385
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	73,665	35,960	37,705
Danish	1,820	845	970	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	52,170	25,415	26,755
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	61,790	29,610	32,175
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	77,805	40,720	37,085
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	63,920	31,280	32,640
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	56,860	28,120	28,745
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	17,930	8,440	9,495
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	106,970	56,425	50,545
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	54,725	27,070	27,655
Mennonite	385	195	195	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	38,095	19,075	19,025
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	0	0	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	56,510	27,790	28,720
Finnish	1,000	425	580	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	76,275	36,805	39,465
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	105,765	51,825	53,940
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	79,240	39,340	39,900
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	42,250	18,715	23,530
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	83,435	42,105	41,335
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	21,650	10,225	11,420
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	31,395	15,385	16,005
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	62,780	31,910	30,865
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	54,210	28,345	25,855
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	48,595	23,670	24,920
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	86,580	43,270	43,310
Icelandic	345	205	145	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	13,915	6,875	7,045
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	39,420	18,730	20,690
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	10	10	0	99,980	50,835	49,150	12,300	5,935	6,365
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	39,400	18,745	20,655
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	42,525	21,170	21,365
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	85,455	40,520	44,935
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	61,255	30,315	30,940
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	59,655	27,150	32,505
Serbian	1,755	835	920	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	64,415	32,230	32,175
Ojibway	250	130	125	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	52,770	25,660	27,110
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	29,950	14,735	15,215
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	41,120	19,885	21,235
Ontarian	795	370	430	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	64,245	31,915	32,335
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	46,445	23,795	22,650
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	59,110	28,445	30,670
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	43,555	22,580	20,970
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	6,160	2,810	3,350
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	47,195	24,190	23,000
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	4,970	2,450	2,510
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	33,905	16,455	17,450
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	36,750	17,890	18,865
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	30,860	15,245	15,610
Slovak	1,375	640	735	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	37,165	18,390	18,780
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	32,880	15,745	17,135
Somali	1,155	550	610	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	41,640	19,575	22,070
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	17,960	8,150	9,810
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	42,980	21,520	21,460
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	0	0	0	59,280	29,150	30,130	24,740	11,925	12,815
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	43,475	19,070	24,405
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	32,785	15,515	17,265
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	38,000	19,570	18,430
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	39,165	17,615	21,555
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	20,910	9,815	11,090
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	42,575	19,380	23,200
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	29,870	14,165	15,705
South African	465	220	245	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	21,965	11,055	10,910
Australian	830	405	425	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	14,775	7,780	6,995
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	30,365	15,605	14,755
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	15	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	14,370	6,800	7,570
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	12,815	5,870	6,945
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	10,195	5,000	5,190
Ethiopian	965	495	475	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	20,625	9,970	10,665
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	22,825	10,645	12,180
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	15,260	7,295	7,965
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	19,350	9,870	9,475
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	15,155	7,065	8,095
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	15	10	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	3,055	1,585	1,470
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	29,575	14,865	14,715
Maltese	360	200	160	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	33,825	16,710	17,110
Macedonian	325	165	160	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	35,925	17,810	18,115
Slovenian	825	365	455	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	25,085	12,325	12,760
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	13,170	6,310	6,855
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	5,865	2,750	3,115
Gujarati	880	475	405	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	25,995	13,705	12,285
Eritrean	615	305	310	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	17,165	8,390	8,770
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	20,025	9,540	10,485
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	20,570	10,745	9,825
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	20,595	10,170	10,425
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	12,115	5,600	6,505
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	15,900	7,810	8,095
Albertan	100	35	65	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	1,185	580	600
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	20,935	10,015	10,915
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	21,205	10,175	11,035
African American	1,600	790	810	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	16,380	7,985	8,395
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	16,400	7,800	8,605
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	2,430	1,240	1,190
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	15,800	7,910	7,890
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	14,785	7,185	7,600
Bosnian	510	245	270	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	16,065	8,070	7,995
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	12,885	6,015	6,865
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	1,010	440	575
Latvian	625	330	295	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	16,070	7,545	8,525
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	16,665	8,635	8,030
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	4,295	2,060	2,230
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	10,175	5,045	5,130
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	10,645	4,835	5,820
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	10,870	5,165	5,695
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	10,560	4,790	5,775
Northern Irish	310	160	150	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	14,875	7,390	7,480
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	10,135	5,135	5,005
British Columbian	90	40	50	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	1,020	460	565
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	18,835	8,955	9,880
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	18,755	8,900	9,855
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	11,950	5,935	6,015
Estonian	365	215	150	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	14,025	6,585	7,440
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	13,495	7,445	6,050
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	2,345	1,080	1,265
Jatt	390	185	205	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	9,195	4,725	4,470
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	8,040	4,020	4,025
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	14,845	7,400	7,440
Thai	1,150	395	755	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	7,850	3,215	4,640
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	8,585	4,185	4,400
Nepali	430	240	185	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	11,585	5,890	5,690
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	570	255	320
Assyrian	345	150	200	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	17,080	8,360	8,720
Igbo	565	325	240	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	8,595	4,175	4,420
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	9,730	4,630	5,095
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	285	110	175
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	3,445	1,675	1,760
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	1,300	590	710
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	4,295	2,065	2,225
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	5,550	2,640	2,910
New Zealander	265	150	115	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	4,865	2,645	2,220
Sudanese	300	155	145	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	9,200	4,570	4,630
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	650	325	325
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	12,085	5,180	6,900
Malaysian	375	205	165	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	7,360	3,380	3,990
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	365	180	185
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	3,660	1,850	1,810
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	2,070	1,000	1,075
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	1,755	720	1,040
Buddhist	690	295	400	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	8,440	4,045	4,400
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	700	335	365
Norman	1,850	905	940	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	2,250	1,330	925
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	9,250	4,355	4,895
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	2,270	1,040	1,230
Saulteaux	35	10	15	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	735	340	390
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	6,980	3,250	3,735
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	4,105	1,940	2,165
Tigrinya	370	210	160	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	5,290	2,750	2,535
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	6,575	3,055	3,520
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	5,050	2,540	2,510
Kenyan	210	95	115	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	6,970	3,290	3,680
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	7,300	3,560	3,745
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	9,080	4,010	5,070
Jordanian	770	430	340	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	9,040	4,825	4,215
Manitoban	110	45	60	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	1,505	700	800
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	3,040	1,440	1,595
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	3,450	1,580	1,865
Grenadian	910	350	560	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	10,250	4,820	5,430
Malayali	335	185	150	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	8,100	4,245	3,860
Chaldean	110	40	75	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	10,280	5,185	5,090
Sinhalese	310	150	165	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	8,060	3,985	4,075
Mayan	1,695	900	795	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	4,085	2,065	2,025
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	3,735	1,870	1,865
Cherokee	195	90	100	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	3,555	1,630	1,920
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	1,350	585	765
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	8,830	3,915	4,920
Flemish	520	265	255	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	3,565	1,770	1,790
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	6,730	3,345	3,390
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	1,155	610	550
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	6,235	3,235	3,005
Sicilian	970	495	470	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	5,840	3,075	2,760
Pashtun	475	245	220	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	6,385	3,395	2,990
Malay	300	135	165	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	3,910	1,930	1,980
Goan	115	55	60	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	7,930	3,830	4,100
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	3,150	1,535	1,615
Tibetan	135	65	70	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	7,380	3,630	3,745
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	3,780	1,780	2,005
Burmese	225	105	120	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	4,290	1,980	2,310
Mongolian	480	210	270	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	3,585	1,635	1,950
Azorean	730	310	415	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	6,085	2,875	3,210
Atikamekw	325	145	180	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	85	35	45
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	1,100	570	530
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	7,605	3,425	4,180
Ugandan	100	55	50	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	4,685	2,225	2,460
Oromo	50	25	25	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	3,015	1,570	1,445
Tanzanian	175	85	90	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	4,865	2,285	2,580
Yemeni	515	275	240	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	5,300	2,585	2,715
Central African	1,415	675	740	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	1,630	770	860
Libyan	590	320	270	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	4,200	2,155	2,050
Basque	980	515	465	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	1,515	835	680
Uruguayan	785	450	335	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	4,720	2,335	2,390
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	4,055	2,045	2,010
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	3,605	1,650	1,955
Igorot	290	105	185	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	2,245	950	1,300
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	1,165	605	565
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	275	150	125
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	1,120	530	590
St. Lucian	255	100	155	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	5,850	2,660	3,190
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	1,900	890	1,010
Maliseet	200	70	135	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	615	285	335
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	1,325	630	695
Telugu	180	125	55	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	4,755	2,665	2,090
Roma	235	110	125	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	3,470	1,735	1,735
Costa Rican	720	425	295	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	2,735	1,390	1,345
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	1,650	725	925
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	555	265	290
Kashmiri	75	40	30	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	3,905	1,900	2,000
Singaporean	75	55	15	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	2,320	1,070	1,250
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	2,365	1,185	1,180
Edo	290	130	155	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	3,515	1,705	1,810
Tajik	100	45	55	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	4,150	2,065	2,080
Amhara	95	45	45	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	3,135	1,560	1,575
Paraguayan	90	35	60	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	855	365	490
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	555	245	315	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	14,031,750	6,887,570	7,144,185
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	164,215	73,715	90,500
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	330	145	185	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	7,315,810	3,410,290	3,905,520
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	0	0	0	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	1,070,190	503,135	567,055
Anabaptist	195	80	120	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	57,795	28,065	29,725
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	35	20	20	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	525,425	236,080	289,345
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	165,400	75,170	90,230
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	240	110	130	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	3,654,825	1,729,760	1,925,070
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	40	0	35	623,010	301,055	321,955	329,850	158,655	171,200
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	48,290	20,680	27,610
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	16,420	7,710	8,710
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	114,810	52,600	62,215
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	35,320	15,890	19,430
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	174,605	77,250	97,360
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	202,275	91,710	110,560
Reformed	310	150	165	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	47,400	23,275	24,120
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	570,830	251,315	319,520
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	302,375	138,995	163,385
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	0	0	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	573,700	295,980	277,720
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	196,100	96,075	100,020
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	50	25	25	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	942,990	474,965	468,025
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	300,435	155,390	145,040
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	15,985	7,400	8,580
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	88,845	37,840	51,000
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	155	60	90	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	4,433,675	2,335,900	2,097,770
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	560	240	315	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	13,904,805	6,823,190	7,081,615
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	500	210	285	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	12,295,685	6,023,840	6,271,855
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	60	30	30	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	1,609,120	799,355	809,765
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	0	0	0	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	914,170	454,180	459,990
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	55	30	25	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	694,950	345,175	349,775
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	0	0	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	570,275	282,115	288,165
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	0	0	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	516,425	255,130	261,300
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	53,850	26,985	26,865
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	40	25	20	293,955	147,585	146,370	124,670	63,060	61,610
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	525	220	300	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	13,349,180	6,539,010	6,810,170
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	300	125	170	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	8,361,770	4,077,100	4,284,665
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	225	95	130	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	4,987,410	2,461,910	2,525,505
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	100	35	65	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	2,087,055	1,023,085	1,063,965
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	125	60	65	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	2,900,355	1,438,815	1,461,540
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	45	25	20	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	2,167,365	1,064,190	1,103,170
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	20	10	10	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	1,938,720	949,475	989,250
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	25	15	10	921,345	459,695	461,650	228,640	114,715	113,925
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	80	40	45	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	732,990	374,630	358,365
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	11,782,825	5,733,360	6,049,460
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	30	15	20	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	1,969,920	1,007,805	962,115
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	445	195	250	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	9,812,905	4,725,555	5,087,350
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	305	140	165	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	10	10	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	757,455	418,970	338,485
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	300	135	165	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	6,827,190	3,281,570	3,545,615
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	35	10	20	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	1,799,890	904,590	895,300
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	95	35	60	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	3,204,170	1,608,155	1,596,015
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	350	160	190	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	6,778,765	3,220,615	3,558,155
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	160	70	85	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	3,250,175	1,592,945	1,657,230
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	35	15	25	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	592,485	426,550	165,935
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	20	10	10	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	287,155	178,555	108,605
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	15	0	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	305,330	248,000	57,325
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	110	50	60	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	2,389,205	1,046,345	1,342,855
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	15	10	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	268,480	120,040	148,440
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	190	85	105	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	3,528,600	1,627,675	1,900,925
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	100	40	60	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	2,307,685	1,034,000	1,273,685
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	35	25	10	556,510	243,200	313,310	224,820	99,320	125,500
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	90,530	45,085	45,445
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	50	20	20	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	786,440	377,795	408,640
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	0	0	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	119,125	71,465	47,655
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	310	145	160	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	7,584,645	3,700,540	3,884,105
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	10	10	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	667,665	367,715	299,945
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	35	10	25	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	1,770,810	938,035	832,775
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	260	125	140	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	5,146,170	2,394,785	2,751,385
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	110	55	50	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	2,356,375	1,142,180	1,214,195
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	25	10	15	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	384,770	276,165	108,600
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	15	0	10	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	184,665	114,510	70,155
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	10	0	10	836,220	693,830	142,395	200,110	161,655	38,450
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	65	35	35	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	1,787,580	784,340	1,003,235
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	15	15	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	184,030	81,665	102,360
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	155	70	85	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	2,789,795	1,252,610	1,537,190
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	90	30	60	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	1,798,010	793,045	1,004,965
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	25	20	0	430,875	179,230	251,645	173,205	72,790	100,420
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	71,055	31,530	39,525
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	35	20	20	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	658,060	305,270	352,785
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	0	0	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	89,470	49,975	39,490
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	480	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	125	45	85	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	5,004,055	2,512,745	2,491,305
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	25	0	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	358,255	79,480	278,775
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	25	0	20	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	358,255	79,480	278,775
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	20	0	20	631,255	274,065	357,190	258,480	110,905	147,580
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	26,160	18,830	7,330
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	20	0	20	556,470	220,680	335,790	232,325	92,080	140,250
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	20	0	20	926,560	354,120	572,440	388,160	139,895	248,265
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	0	0	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	40,335	8,230	32,110
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	10	0	10	184,600	53,020	131,580	99,000	27,245	71,755
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	112,250	37,775	74,470
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	10,520	3,610	6,915
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	26,705	14,590	12,115
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	28,715	17,275	11,440
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	54,415	28,500	25,910
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	0	0	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	16,220	2,670	13,555
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	45	30	15	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	928,970	308,755	620,210
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	12,940	2,725	10,220
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	106,350	42,040	64,305
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	0	0	0	344,150	27,905	316,240	154,370	12,575	141,795
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	15	15	0	325,785	115,335	210,445	144,535	50,355	94,180
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	24,040	7,835	16,205
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	0	0	0	327,965	79,295	248,665	142,265	33,385	108,885
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	25	15	10	705,540	336,960	368,580	344,465	159,850	184,620
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	85	30	60	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	1,472,490	630,535	841,955
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	2,340	850	1,490
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	123,510	24,630	98,885
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	85	30	55	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	1,346,635	605,055	741,585
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	10	0	10	719,715	353,540	366,175	303,310	141,260	162,050
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	133,895	52,610	81,285
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	69,195	30,195	38,995
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	6,440	1,795	4,640
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	80,200	51,680	28,525
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	13,585	4,980	8,605
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	15	15	0	804,230	531,435	272,795	367,845	240,245	127,600
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	10	10	0	643,145	454,370	188,775	284,925	198,705	86,220
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	16,090	2,620	13,475
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	56,120	31,880	24,245
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	10,705	7,040	3,660
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	85	70	15	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	1,274,815	1,122,875	151,940
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	10	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	61,850	39,075	22,780
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	55	45	10	900,475	723,080	177,395	414,085	329,125	84,960
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	20	20	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	278,410	247,630	30,775
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	580	190	390	185	35	150
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	197,795	193,595	4,205
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	208,980	204,525	4,450
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	113,510	108,890	4,625
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	132,765	73,065	59,705
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	86,885	46,085	40,795
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	45,885	26,975	18,910
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	35	0	35	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	939,610	194,715	744,900
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	25	0	25
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	84,485	41,350	43,135
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	35	0	35	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	828,240	139,360	688,880
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	2,335	585	1,750
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	24,520	13,410	11,110
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	0	0	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	351,505	178,155	173,350
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	181,985	49,755	132,230
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	2,135	1,895	240
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	2,200	2,010	195
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	110,890	75,460	35,430
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	54,295	49,040	5,255
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	2,555	725	1,830
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	310	145	165	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	45	20	25	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	242,725	50,715	192,005
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	0	0	0	742,175	158,185	583,990	242,725	50,715	192,005
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	15	0	15	490,455	210,500	279,955	199,945	84,310	115,635
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	18,425	12,920	5,505
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	15	0	15	435,815	172,330	263,480	181,520	71,390	110,130
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	15	0	15	649,695	241,235	408,465	279,505	97,835	181,670
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	0	0	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	29,620	5,455	24,165
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	10	0	10	134,815	37,610	97,210	71,745	19,350	52,390
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	83,455	27,595	55,860
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	7,195	2,395	4,805
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	19,380	10,610	8,765
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	18,420	11,085	7,335
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	39,275	19,895	19,380
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	0	0	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	10,415	1,445	8,970
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	25	10	15	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	729,685	232,410	497,275
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	10,515	2,085	8,430
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	88,895	34,255	54,645
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	0	0	0	270,970	20,095	250,875	119,090	8,825	110,265
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	0	0	0	261,265	82,850	178,420	117,900	37,130	80,775
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	18,585	6,035	12,555
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	0	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	107,035	23,715	83,320
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	15	0	10	549,090	254,250	294,840	267,660	120,375	147,285
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	70	25	45	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	1,161,875	487,235	674,650
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	1,785	655	1,130
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	98,675	18,325	80,355
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	65	25	40	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	1,061,420	468,255	593,165
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	220,805	97,905	122,895
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	100,550	38,595	61,955
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	50,505	21,085	29,425
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	5,100	1,410	3,690
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	55,565	33,765	21,800
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	9,090	3,055	6,035
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	10	10	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	304,045	200,360	103,685
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	10	10	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	244,700	170,900	73,800
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	9,860	1,740	8,120
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	40,875	22,115	18,760
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	8,610	5,605	3,005
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	80	70	10	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	932,505	805,990	126,515
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	10	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	48,030	29,245	18,785
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	45	40	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	326,190	252,675	73,515
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	20	20	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	202,375	178,135	24,240
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	510	160	350	165	35	130
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	137,150	133,905	3,240
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	143,480	140,190	3,290
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	75,115	71,805	3,310
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	100,525	52,065	48,460
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	64,365	31,780	32,585
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	36,155	20,290	15,875
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	30	0	30	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	703,890	148,295	555,600
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	30	0	30
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	64,360	31,305	33,055
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	30	0	30	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	619,520	107,760	511,760
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	1,960	375	1,580
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	18,030	8,855	9,175
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	268,815	137,235	131,575
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	136,310	37,500	98,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	1,600	1,400	200
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	1,180	1,070	110
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	89,470	60,610	28,855
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	40,255	36,655	3,600
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	1,860	435	1,420
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	310	145	165	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	7,584,650	3,700,540	3,884,105
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	45	20	25	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	2,438,475	1,305,750	1,132,720
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	265	125	140	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	5,146,175	2,394,790	2,751,385
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	175	80	90	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	3,921,795	1,818,550	2,103,240
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	170	80	85	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	3,634,290	1,680,865	1,953,420
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	0	0	0	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	287,505	137,685	149,820
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	90	40	50	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	1,224,380	576,235	648,140
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	15	0	10	483,810	238,040	245,775	229,280	113,350	115,930
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	140,770	72,740	68,035
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	11,625	5,075	6,545
Cuba	1,340	685	660	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	3,715	1,875	1,840
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	1,250	620	630
Jamaica	110	70	45	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	9,200	4,480	4,720
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	17,755	8,105	9,645
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	12,705	5,495	7,205
Peru	1,375	580	795	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	2,750	1,050	1,700
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	5,530	2,340	3,190
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	0	0	0	45,000	21,575	23,425	23,985	11,560	12,425
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	50	25	25	543,725	281,205	262,520	224,050	113,485	110,560
Belgium	1,775	910	865	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	1,650	885	765
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	25	10	10	97,770	53,930	43,840	11,580	6,190	5,390
Germany	1,035	560	475	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	7,115	3,880	3,240
Netherlands	465	260	205	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	4,345	2,410	1,935
Switzerland	965	570	400	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	2,525	1,265	1,255
Hungary	195	105	95	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	2,960	1,425	1,535
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	2,080	880	1,205
Poland	815	285	530	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	16,450	7,365	9,090
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	14,985	7,380	7,605
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	19,185	8,720	10,460
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	18,225	8,245	9,985
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	6,925	3,920	3,000
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	72,655	39,105	33,550
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	3,415	1,600	1,820
Italy	1,325	760	565	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	3,895	2,230	1,660
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	5,750	2,910	2,840
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	30,300	15,075	15,225
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	15	10	10	216,815	111,010	105,805	65,145	31,940	33,205
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	15,165	7,355	7,810
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	10	0	10	33,230	17,020	16,210	1,550	685	860
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	2,180	960	1,215
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	805	375	430
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	17,195	8,445	8,755
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	6,770	3,545	3,225
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	21,480	10,570	10,905
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	10	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	686,295	308,075	378,220
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	35,535	16,145	19,390
Iraq	330	180	150	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	12,270	6,020	6,250
Israel	520	285	235	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	6,675	3,365	3,310
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	7,235	3,350	3,885
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	7,515	3,610	3,905
Turkey	695	400	295	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	7,585	4,105	3,475
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	10	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	92,585	41,055	51,530
Taiwan	365	150	220	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	3,535	1,125	2,410
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	8,875	3,660	5,210
Japan	800	300	500	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	6,310	2,145	4,160
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	21,145	8,075	13,070
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	109,885	38,390	71,495
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	5,120	1,845	3,280
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	16,250	7,315	8,945
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	11,075	5,125	5,950
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	245,655	121,625	124,035
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	53,750	24,970	28,780
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	35,295	16,145	19,150
Oceania	1,305	730	575	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	19,605	9,380	10,220
Australia	1,095	610	490	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	16,965	8,040	8,925
New Zealand	165	100	70	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	2,445	1,240	1,200
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	200	100	95
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	475	205	270	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	275	155	125	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	7,399,200	3,847,325	3,551,880
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	245	145	100	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	35	10	20	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	906,310	430,365	475,940
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	200	50	150	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	4,383,620	1,886,035	2,497,580
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	57.9	75.6	46.3	63.7	67.7	59.8	62.8	67.1	58.7
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	51.6	70.7	37.0	57.1	60.9	53.4	55.1	59.6	50.8
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	12.7	6.5	16.0	10.3	9.9	10.7	12.2	11.2	13.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	480	205	270	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	11,782,820	5,733,360	6,049,460
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	160	40	120	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	4,469,170	1,946,590	2,522,580
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	315	165	150	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	7,313,650	3,786,770	3,526,880
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	130	75	55	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	3,982,300	2,219,290	1,763,015
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	185	85	95	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	3,331,350	1,567,480	1,763,870
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	36.6	38.8	34.4	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.1	41.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	280	155	120	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	10	0	10	486,865	237,950	248,915	212,505	102,580	109,925
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	270	155	110	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	255	150	105	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	6,109,070	3,071,915	3,037,155
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	215	135	80	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	5,166,275	2,627,415	2,538,865
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	35	15	25	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	942,795	444,505	498,290
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	10	0	10	867,740	386,965	480,775	324,250	147,125	177,125
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	25	15	10	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	618,540	297,380	321,160
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	15	10	10	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	1,077,625	672,825	404,800
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	280	155	120	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	10	0	10	486,865	237,950	248,915	212,505	102,580	109,925
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	270	155	110	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	10	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	95,240	66,160	29,080
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	60	30	30	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	1,328,155	449,705	878,445
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	35	30	0	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	685,390	513,025	172,365
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	15	0	15	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	543,565	110,185	433,380
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	35	10	20	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	871,260	289,220	582,035
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	15	0	15	596,785	275,420	321,360	232,200	105,695	126,505
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	50	35	20	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	1,735,930	782,170	953,760
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	30	30	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	1,175,410	1,063,670	111,740
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	148,055	111,985	36,075
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	15	10	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	371,490	252,930	118,560
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	280	155	120	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	7,399,205	3,847,325	3,551,880
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	10	0	10	486,865	237,950	248,915	212,505	102,580	109,925
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	270	155	110	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	7,186,695	3,744,745	3,441,950
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	104,895	66,330	38,565
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	34,360	29,285	5,080
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	55,230	41,785	13,445
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	20	20	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	538,340	466,825	71,515
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	30	20	15	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	655,935	457,795	198,135
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	25	15	10	610,295	406,960	203,335	244,910	157,760	87,155
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	25	15	10	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	798,090	383,965	414,135
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	30	25	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	379,485	282,295	97,190
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	0	0	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	169,120	98,930	70,190
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	0	0	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	399,030	185,100	213,935
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	152,050	80,630	71,420
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	25	10	15	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	681,235	384,400	296,835
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	26,240	12,465	13,780
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	15	15	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	324,285	183,445	140,835
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	15	10	0	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	531,260	165,080	366,175
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	35	0	35	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	859,910	163,580	696,335
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	0	0	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	130,490	67,705	62,785
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	0	0	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	390,675	171,925	218,745
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	10	0	0	797,935	373,775	424,165	283,115	131,210	151,905
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	10	10	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	428,030	214,245	213,785
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	340	175	165	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	55	30	25	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	7,181,805	3,743,490	3,438,320
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	110	50	60	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	52,565	18,880	33,680
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	74,365	39,275	35,090
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	305	160	150
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	74,060	39,120	34,940
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	160	85	70	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	285,005	121,875	163,125
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	275,330	141,295	134,035
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	10	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	355	150	210
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	0	0	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	10,820	4,890	5,925
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	5,475	2,885	2,585
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	340	175	165	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	305	155	145	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	7,783,760	4,024,730	3,759,025
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	290	155	140	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	7,649,065	3,955,095	3,693,975
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	115	60	50	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	7,555,160	3,920,680	3,634,480
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	180	95	85	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	93,910	34,410	59,495
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	10	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	134,690	69,640	65,050
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	1,240	610	630
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	1,185	590	595
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	155	75	80
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	155	75	80
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	145	75	70
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	1,030	515	510
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	465	250	215
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	560	265	300
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	25	10	15
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	535	250	285
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	30	15	15
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	30	15	15
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	20	0	25
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	20	0	25
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	10	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	133,450	69,030	64,420
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	4,830	2,800	2,035
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	210	90	120
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	10	10	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	190	80	110
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	4,615	2,700	1,915
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	60	25	35
Arabic	1,190	670	520	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	3,735	2,195	1,540
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	410	305	110
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	320	235	85
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	85	65	25
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	0	0	0	585	240	340	315	130	185
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	90	45	40
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	3,365	1,510	1,855
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	0	0	0	495	215	285	140	60	80
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	3,225	1,450	1,775
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	1,530	655	875
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	55	20	35
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	40	20	20
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	65	40	25
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	10
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	1,330	555	780
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	30	20	25	20	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0	390	185	210	50	25	25
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	0	0	0	375	170	205	35	15	20
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	2,660	1,255	1,410
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0	250	140	110	160	95	65
Tamil	75	25	45	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	2,440	1,150	1,295
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	55	10	45
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	70	35	35
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	10	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	50,205	27,580	22,620
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	270	155	115
Armenian	80	60	25	0	0	0	530	295	235	195	90	105
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	6,865	3,075	3,790
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	65	15	60
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	30	10	20
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	40	0	40
Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	6,790	3,065	3,730
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0	145	55	90	60	25	30
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	40	10	25
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	75	60	15
Polish	90	30	65	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	1,765	815	950
Russian	385	130	250	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	3,295	1,335	1,965
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	605	360	250
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	85	65	15
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	135	80	55
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	395	220	180
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	20	0	15
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	910	435	475
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	15	10	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	7,320	3,975	3,345
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	5,945	3,185	2,760
German	95	65	35	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	3,210	1,685	1,525
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	2,555	1,400	1,150
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	135	65	75
Yiddish	695	325	375	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	50	35	15
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	1,275	735	540
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	25	10	15
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0	965	515	440	680	360	320
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	55	40	10
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	515	320	195
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	190	100	85	90	45	40
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	15	0	15
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	15	10	0
Swedish	15	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	50	30	20
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	0	0	0	875	445	430	355	200	155
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	19,460	11,125	8,335
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	15,015	8,755	6,260
Bengali	85	25	55	0	0	0	645	290	355	440	205	235
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	850	410	445
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	1,145	545	600
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	15	0	15
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	150	70	75
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	10,235	6,485	3,755
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	10	0	10
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	75	60	10
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	2,080	975	1,105
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	15	0	10
Iranian languages	285	175	110	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	4,435	2,360	2,075
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	125	100	25
Pashto	25	20	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	85	50	35
Persian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	4,210	2,200	2,005
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0	800	445	360	415	220	200
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	3,415	1,735	1,675
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	380	250	125
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	10	10	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	15,735	8,955	6,780
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	160	150	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	1,005	420	585
Portuguese	245	90	155	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	5,645	3,510	2,140
Romanian	80	50	30	0	0	0	680	375	310	300	155	140
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	8,765	4,860	3,910
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	15	10	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	1,075	400	675
Korean	240	100	145	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	5,460	2,620	2,835
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0	0	0	410	210	200	170	75	90
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	30	10	20
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	15	10	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	15	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	60	35	30
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	30	15	20
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	10	0	10
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	10	0	0
Sign languages	85	30	55	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	845	320	525
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	795	300	490
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	0	0	0	285	110	180	10	0	10
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	40	15	30
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	61,525	30,930	30,595
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	61,360	30,840	30,520
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	45	20	25
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	37,260	18,740	18,525
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	35	20	20
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0	0	0	485	210	270	150	60	90
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	23,610	11,880	11,730
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	460	240	220	250	115	135
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	135	80	55
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	15	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	45	35	15
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	35	30	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	80	35	45
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	25	10	15
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	765	310	450	330	170	160
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	50	15	30
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0	670	275	395	275	150	125
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	970	480	490
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	35	0	25
Turkish	80	50	30	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	905	455	450
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	30	20	15
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	485	215	270	350	165	180
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	65	15	45
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	55	20	35
Hungarian	15	0	10	0	0	0	330	170	160	230	130	100
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	10	10	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	35	15	20	453,880	231,205	222,675	101,955	48,010	53,945
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	35	15	20	321,975	163,305	158,675	46,525	19,475	27,055
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	53,330	27,575	25,755
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	155	70	85
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	880	395	485
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	1,060	490	565
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	340	175	165	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	7,885,710	4,072,735	3,812,975
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	205	100	105	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	7,400,850	3,844,820	3,556,035
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	65	45	25	902,625	474,755	427,875	89,345	39,850	49,495
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	60	35	25	589,755	288,955	300,800	199,430	87,785	111,645
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	154,150	79,615	74,535
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	2,895	1,115	1,785
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	151,255	78,510	72,750
English and French	1,155	540	610	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	270	100	170
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	7,395	3,425	3,970
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	7,510	3,515	3,995
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0	0	0	360	210	150	50	45	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	26,705	13,575	13,125
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	245	145	100	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	6,492,895	3,416,955	3,075,940
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	65	40	20	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	1,929,760	904,345	1,025,415
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	29,740	19,860	9,875
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	15	15	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	765,180	576,300	188,880
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	170	85	80	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	170	85	80	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	3,768,210	1,916,445	1,851,765
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	100	40	65	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	2,212,620	1,041,890	1,170,730
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	55	40	15	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	653,055	340,750	312,310
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	10	10	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	885,485	523,590	361,890
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	17,050	10,215	6,835
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	185	105	80	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	130	85	55	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	3,790,545	2,161,945	1,628,600
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	130	85	50	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	3,451,650	2,022,010	1,429,635
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	0	0	0	844,155	343,100	501,050	338,895	139,935	198,960
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	35	15	20	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	390,140	163,395	226,745
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	0	0	0	672,815	296,610	376,205	208,380	94,020	114,370
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	10	10	0	138,615	92,195	46,415	37,665	26,230	11,440
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	106,655	47,160	59,495
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	185	105	80	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	25	15	10	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	1,283,185	621,485	661,700
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	90	55	40	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	1,527,580	823,940	703,640
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	50	30	25	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	934,230	555,195	379,030
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	0	0	0	910,610	542,485	368,125	375,215	226,980	148,230
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	15	10	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	413,180	265,140	148,040
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	185	105	80	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	4,533,390	2,492,745	2,040,645
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	15	15	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	351,800	257,455	94,350
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	35	20	10	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	797,475	512,385	285,090
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	35	10	20	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	1,066,580	572,020	494,565
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	45	20	25	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	938,175	426,175	511,995
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	25	15	15	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	632,825	298,665	334,160
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	20	20	0	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	746,530	426,045	320,485
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	100	50	50	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	2,781,415	1,429,175	1,352,240
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	25	10	15	897,205	456,120	441,085	349,875	176,750	173,120
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	75	40	35	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	2,431,540	1,252,420	1,179,120
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	75	35	40	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	2,047,210	1,053,155	994,055
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	20	10	10	682,190	346,420	335,770	268,250	135,205	133,045
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	15	10	5	467,685	234,475	233,215	179,995	88,815	91,175
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	10	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	88,260	46,390	41,870
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	50	25	30	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	1,778,960	917,950	861,010

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table