Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Montréal, Ville (V)More information: Quebec [Census subdivision] Remove			24661856More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove			CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove			24662133More information: Quebec [Dissemination area] Remove
	Counts			Counts			Counts			Counts
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	1,762,949	...	...	387	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	525	...	...
Population, 2016¹	1,704,694	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	878,542	...	...	231	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	284	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	816,338	...	...	203	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	255	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	4,833.5	...	...	13,871.0	...	...	4.2	...	...	7,373.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	364.74	...	...	0.03	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	0.07	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	1,762,950	867,975	894,980	385	245	140	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	525	250	275
0 to 14 years	270,430	138,255	132,170	30	20	10	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	70	40	35
0 to 4 years	88,670	45,335	43,335	10	10	0	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	25	15	10
5 to 9 years	93,325	47,700	45,620	10	5	5	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	20	10	10
10 to 14 years	88,435	45,220	43,215	10	5	5	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	30	15	15
15 to 64 years	1,197,045	603,075	593,965	320	195	125	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	380	185	195
15 to 19 years	82,475	41,675	40,805	0	0	0	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	20	15	5
20 to 24 years	125,235	63,220	62,015	35	10	25	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	50	10	40
25 to 29 years	153,995	77,680	76,315	70	35	35	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	60	30	30
30 to 34 years	146,855	73,810	73,040	65	35	25	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	55	25	25
35 to 39 years	135,880	67,835	68,040	45	25	15	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	55	35	25
40 to 44 years	127,165	63,885	63,285	25	20	5	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	45	20	20
45 to 49 years	110,130	55,495	54,630	25	15	10	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	25	20	10
50 to 54 years	105,545	54,115	51,435	15	15	0	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	30	10	15
55 to 59 years	108,040	55,305	52,730	15	5	0	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	20	10	10
60 to 64 years	101,725	50,055	51,670	20	20	5	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	25	15	15
65 years and over	295,475	126,635	168,845	35	30	10	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	70	30	40
65 to 69 years	85,025	40,115	44,915	15	15	5	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	25	10	15
70 to 74 years	72,300	32,855	39,445	5	5	0	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	20	10	15
75 to 79 years	52,720	22,645	30,075	10	5	0	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	5	0	5
80 to 84 years	39,395	15,780	23,610	5	5	0	840,545	370,905	469,645	10	5	5
85 years and over	46,035	15,250	30,790	0	0	0	861,395	319,540	541,860	10	0	5
85 to 89 years	27,835	10,185	17,655	0	0	0	525,445	212,735	312,705	5	0	5
90 to 94 years	14,360	4,155	10,205	0	0	0	258,035	87,300	170,735	0	0	0
95 to 99 years	3,375	825	2,560	0	0	0	68,380	17,670	50,715	0	0	0
100 years and over	465	90	375	0	0	0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0	0	0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.3	15.9	14.8	7.8	8.2	7.1	16.3	16.9	15.6	13.3	16.0	12.7
15 to 64 years	67.9	69.5	66.4	83.1	79.6	89.3	64.8	65.4	64.2	72.4	74.0	70.9
65 years and over	16.8	14.6	18.9	9.1	12.2	7.1	19.0	17.7	20.2	13.3	12.0	14.5
85 years and over	2.6	1.8	3.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	1.9	0.0	1.8
Average age of the population	40.6	39.5	41.7	38.3	40.4	34.8	41.9	41.0	42.8	38.2	38.0	38.4
Median age of the population	38.8	38.0	39.6	34.4	37.6	31.0	41.6	40.4	42.8	36.0	36.4	34.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	816,340	...	...	200	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...
Single-detached house	58,065	...	...	0	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	0	...	...
Semi-detached house	25,740	...	...	0	...	...	746,560	...	...	0	...	...
Row house	26,175	...	...	5	...	...	980,110	...	...	60	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	107,565	...	...	20	...	...	821,490	...	...	0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	464,420	...	...	180	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	185	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	130,615	...	...	0	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	0	...	...
Other single-attached house	3,350	...	...	0	...	...	34,880	...	...	10	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	415	...	...	0	...	...	189,420	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	816,335	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...
1 person	341,345	...	...	90	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	100	...	...
2 persons	242,175	...	...	85	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	90	...	...
3 persons	103,550	...	...	10	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	35	...	...
4 persons	82,715	...	...	10	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	15	...	...
5 or more persons	46,560	...	...	5	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	15	...	...
Number of persons in private households	1,723,210	851,575	871,635	350	215	140	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	525	250	275
Average household size	2.1	...	...	1.7	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	1,492,520	729,715	762,810	355	225	130	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	455	215	235
Married or living common-law	705,905	356,290	349,615	135	75	60	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	215	110	105
Married	475,835	239,100	236,735	30	15	15	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	125	65	60
Living common-law	230,070	117,190	112,880	105	55	45	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	90	50	45
Living common law - Never married	196,170	99,370	96,795	100	55	40	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	85	45	35
Living common law - Separated	2,885	1,655	1,230	0	0	0	123,830	65,045	58,785	0	0	0
Living common law - Divorced	28,550	15,015	13,530	5	0	0	721,715	365,760	355,950	10	0	5
Living common law - Widowed	2,465	1,140	1,320	0	0	0	87,165	36,860	50,300	0	0	0
Not married and not living common-law	786,615	373,420	413,195	225	150	70	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	235	105	135
Not married and not living common law - Never married	572,045	304,055	267,990	195	130	65	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	190	95	95
Not married and not living common law - Separated	31,535	13,590	17,945	5	0	0	741,135	319,045	422,090	5	0	5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	113,315	41,760	71,560	15	10	10	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	30	10	20
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	69,720	14,020	55,700	0	0	0	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	15	0	10
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	428,615	...	...	70	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	135	...	...
2 persons	221,015	...	...	55	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	80	...	...
3 persons	92,715	...	...	10	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	25	...	...
4 persons	77,780	...	...	5	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	20	...	...
5 or more persons	37,105	...	...	5	...	...	855,960	...	...	10	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	428,610	...	...	75	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	130	...	...
Total couple families	338,830	...	...	65	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	100	...	...
Married couples	223,910	...	...	15	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	60	...	...
With children⁶	133,435	...	...	5	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	35	...	...
Without children	90,475	...	...	10	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30	...	...
Common-law couples	114,915	...	...	50	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	45	...	...
With children⁶	41,490	...	...	10	...	...	808,645	...	...	15	...	...
Without children	73,430	...	...	40	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	35	...	...
Total one-parent families	89,785	...	...	10	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	25	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	72,595	...	...	5	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	20	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	17,190	...	...	5	...	...	383,670	...	...	5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	350	215	140	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	525	250	275
Total - Persons in census families	1,231,380	602,840	628,545	175	105	70	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	365	175	185
Married spouses or common-law partners	677,655	341,670	335,985	135	75	60	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	210	105	100
Parents in one-parent families	89,785	17,190	72,595	5	5	5	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	30	5	25
Children⁶	463,940	243,975	219,965	35	30	10	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	125	65	60
In a two-parent family	329,670	172,390	157,285	30	20	10	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	75	40	40
In a one-parent family	134,270	71,585	62,680	5	5	0	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	45	20	25
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	491,830	248,740	243,090	180	110	65	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	165	80	90
Living alone	341,350	165,410	175,935	95	70	30	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	95	50	50
Living with other relatives⁷	45,070	20,400	24,670	15	10	5	927,345	393,085	534,260	15	5	10
Living with non-relatives only	105,415	62,925	42,485	70	35	35	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	55	20	30
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	816,335	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	255	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	394,155	...	...	70	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	120	...	...
Couple-family households	317,105	...	...	60	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	100	...	...
With children⁶	163,645	...	...	15	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	40	...	...
Without children	153,460	...	...	45	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	55	...	...
One-parent-family households	77,045	...	...	5	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	25	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	11,240	...	...	0	...	...	441,745	...	...	5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,730	...	...	0	...	...	94,235	...	...	0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	14,975	...	...	0	...	...	450,415	...	...	10	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	52,900	...	...	35	...	...	663,835	...	...	20	...	...
One-person households	341,345	...	...	95	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	100	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	320	190	130	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	450	210	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,100	685,155	710,950	310	185	125	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	435	205	230
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,800	35,600	47,200	46,800	47,600	41,200	46,400	36,800	39,200	47,200	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,396,475	685,330	711,145	310	185	125	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	435	205	230
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	34,400	32,400	40,000	40,000	39,200	36,800	40,800	33,600	35,600	40,400	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,227,255	612,060	615,200	295	175	125	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	385	185	195
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	34,000	26,600	41,600	42,800	39,600	35,200	42,400	29,200	32,800	42,400	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,021,705	527,390	494,315	270	160	115	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	335	165	170
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	35,200	29,400	43,200	44,400	40,400	37,200	43,200	32,000	35,200	42,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,175,325	551,265	624,060	245	135	105	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	355	155	205
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	9,500	11,900	7,100	7,600	7,050	9,800	8,500	11,000	10,100	9,200	11,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	157,000	78,185	78,815	40	25	15	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	60	25	30
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,640	5,600	4,480	x	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,560	5,520	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	472,820	247,320	225,500	110	65	50	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	165	70	90
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	9,000	9,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	290	175	115	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	430	245	185
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,365	685,790	710,575	275	165	110	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	420	240	180
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,120	55,450	45,000	56,800	59,200	53,000	54,450	62,650	46,560	52,600	58,000	45,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,396,760	685,970	710,790	275	165	110	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	420	240	180
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	43,560	37,880	46,000	47,600	44,000	44,920	50,320	39,680	42,200	44,400	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,226,320	612,170	614,155	275	165	110	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	365	210	155
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,350	38,800	50,400	53,200	46,000	50,240	59,500	41,000	50,400	57,600	40,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,021,715	527,765	493,950	250	155	95	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	310	185	125
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,120	51,700	40,200	52,800	56,000	48,000	50,280	58,050	42,000	50,000	56,400	40,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,174,640	550,810	623,830	225	125	95	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	360	195	170
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,020	10,830	13,080	7,850	8,000	7,600	11,170	10,180	12,060	10,520	10,000	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	156,980	78,065	78,920	50	30	15	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	45	20	30
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,800	6,070	7,510	5,400	6,800	2,800	7,050	6,710	7,370	4,400	5,200	3,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	471,875	247,465	224,410	110	60	50	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	150	90	65
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,130	9,180	9,080	8,600	9,200	8,000	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,400	7,900	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	290	175	110	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	425	245	180
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	452,020	244,470	207,545	120	80	35	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	150	85	65
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	61,600	55,200	77,000	79,500	70,500	63,600	69,000	58,000	69,000	76,000	44,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,500	65,100	76,000	77,000	76,000	77,200	85,400	67,000	77,000	94,000	54,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	450,610	222,280	228,330	125	65	65	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	130	75	55
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	16,400	17,400	15,600	33,200	34,000	23,400	18,400	21,000	16,600	17,200	19,000	15,300
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,120	28,320	24,020	34,000	36,000	32,000	29,160	33,960	24,860	22,400	21,000	24,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	84.4	74.4	88.0	90.0	88.0	82.2	86.4	76.8	83.0	86.0	76.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.4	71.8	62.1	86.0	88.0	80.0	66.8	70.6	61.7	70.0	75.0	62.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	15.7	25.5	11.4	10.4	13.2	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.0	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.9	1.7	2.4	0.8	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.0	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.9	6.5	7.4	6.6	5.8	8.0	5.4	4.5	6.6	6.4	5.5	8.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.2	6.0	6.4	6.2	5.2	7.6	4.7	4.0	5.5	5.8	5.0	7.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	320	190	130	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	450	215	235
Without total income	57,180	28,440	28,735	15	10	5	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	20	10	5
With total income	1,396,100	685,155	710,945	305	180	125	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	435	205	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	120,165	57,640	62,520	20	10	10	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	179,185	83,775	95,410	25	15	15	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	259,695	119,565	140,135	35	25	10	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	80	35	45
$30,000 to $39,999	194,585	93,585	101,000	45	25	15	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	70	20	45
$40,000 to $49,999	163,390	78,450	84,940	45	25	20	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	40	20	20
$50,000 to $59,999	123,115	58,355	64,755	45	20	20	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	35	20	20
$60,000 to $69,999	88,460	43,350	45,110	15	10	10	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	30	15	15
$70,000 to $79,999	64,815	33,230	31,590	30	20	15	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	35	15	15
$80,000 to $89,999	50,645	26,325	24,320	20	15	5	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	20	15	5
$90,000 to $99,999	36,060	19,280	16,785	10	0	5	965,950	553,435	412,510	15	10	5
$100,000 and over	115,980	71,595	44,385	20	20	5	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	40	20	15
$100,000 to $149,999	74,835	44,155	30,680	15	15	5	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	25	15	10
$150,000 and over	41,145	27,440	13,705	0	0	0	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	15	10	5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	320	190	130	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	450	215	235
Without after-tax income	56,805	28,265	28,535	15	10	5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	20	10	5
With after-tax income	1,396,475	685,335	711,140	305	180	125	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	435	205	230
Under $10,000 (including loss)	124,825	59,490	65,335	20	10	10	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	35	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	188,395	88,605	99,785	25	15	15	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	40	15	25
$20,000 to $29,999	303,115	142,120	161,000	50	30	20	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	105	45	60
$30,000 to $39,999	231,960	113,680	118,280	65	40	20	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	65	20	40
$40,000 to $49,999	183,475	88,390	95,090	55	25	25	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	45	20	25
$50,000 to $59,999	123,490	59,975	63,515	40	25	15	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	55	30	25
$60,000 to $69,999	81,775	41,055	40,725	20	15	5	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	35	20	15
$70,000 to $79,999	52,690	27,360	25,330	20	5	10	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	20	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	32,505	18,175	14,325	5	5	0	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	10	5	5
$90,000 to $99,999	21,155	12,260	8,890	5	5	0	643,700	402,325	241,380	5	5	0
$100,000 and over	53,090	34,210	18,885	5	5	0	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	25	15	5
$100,000 to $124,999	25,835	15,730	10,105	5	5	0	792,455	530,970	261,490	15	5	5
$125,000 and over	27,260	18,485	8,775	0	0	0	804,335	578,645	225,695	5	5	0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	1,453,280	713,595	739,680	320	190	130	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	450	215	235
Without employment income	431,575	186,210	245,365	50	35	20	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	115	50	70
With employment income	1,021,705	527,385	494,320	270	155	110	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	335	170	170
Under $5,000 (including loss)	145,910	71,820	74,090	30	20	10	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	45	20	20
$5,000 to $9,999	99,605	47,595	52,010	15	10	5	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	30	15	15
$10,000 to $19,999	136,545	66,030	70,515	30	15	15	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	50	20	30
$20,000 to $29,999	105,255	51,415	53,840	25	15	5	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	30	15	15
$30,000 to $39,999	98,425	50,780	47,640	25	10	15	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	25	10	15
$40,000 to $49,999	94,645	47,585	47,065	30	20	15	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	20	10	10
$50,000 to $59,999	76,170	39,085	37,085	25	15	10	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	20	10	10
$60,000 to $69,999	59,460	31,825	27,635	20	10	10	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	30	15	20
$70,000 to $79,999	46,765	25,580	21,185	30	15	10	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	25	10	10
$80,000 to $89,999	40,295	21,350	18,945	15	10	5	929,490	539,395	390,095	20	15	10
$90,000 to $99,999	27,160	15,825	11,340	10	5	5	760,035	439,505	320,530	10	10	0
$100,000 and over	91,480	58,500	32,980	15	15	0	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	35	25	15
$100,000 to $124,999	40,345	24,630	15,710	5	5	0	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	15	10	0
$125,000 and over	51,135	33,870	17,270	10	10	0	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	20	10	10
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	1,453,280	713,595	739,685	320	190	130	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	450	210	240
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,225	663,385	691,840	305	185	120	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	425	205	225
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,600	31,200	43,200	44,400	41,600	39,200	45,200	34,000	34,000	43,600	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,355,570	663,490	692,080	305	185	120	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	425	205	225
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	32,000	28,800	37,200	38,400	36,000	35,200	40,000	31,200	30,000	38,800	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,196,380	596,375	600,005	295	175	115	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	385	185	200
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	27,800	40,400	43,600	36,400	36,800	44,000	30,800	30,800	42,800	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,000,475	515,695	484,790	265	155	105	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	335	170	165
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	36,000	30,200	42,800	45,600	37,200	38,000	44,400	32,800	33,200	43,200	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	1,066,120	490,855	575,265	225	120	100	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	330	145	185
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,280	2,660	7,150	1,440	1,440	1,440	4,240	1,960	6,450	2,880	2,420	3,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	104,820	51,840	52,980	25	20	10	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	40	20	20
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,640	5,640	3,640	x	x	5,720	5,560	5,960	4,200	x	4,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	290	175	115	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	430	245	185
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,285	663,595	691,695	265	170	105	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	415	230	180
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	52,150	41,320	52,000	53,200	50,000	52,350	61,250	43,800	43,600	48,800	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,355,700	663,725	691,975	265	170	105	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	415	230	180
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,760	40,880	34,720	42,000	42,800	41,000	42,920	49,000	37,160	36,200	39,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,195,295	596,055	599,245	260	165	95	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	365	205	155
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,560	52,600	38,600	51,600	52,800	49,000	51,040	60,800	41,320	43,000	50,000	34,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	999,875	515,515	484,355	235	145	90	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	315	175	140
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	51,800	39,920	55,200	57,000	52,000	50,560	58,800	41,800	39,200	46,000	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,066,040	490,710	575,335	175	95	80	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	330	170	150
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,160	6,610	9,490	2,780	2,480	3,160	7,950	6,990	8,800	6,960	6,500	7,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	104,790	51,525	53,260	0	0	0	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	35	0	20
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,380	5,970	8,740	...	...	...	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,200	...	5,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	1,453,295	713,750	739,550	290	175	110	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	425	245	180
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	446,040	241,000	205,040	110	75	35	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	140	75	65
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,800	56,400	49,600	75,500	81,000	68,000	60,000	66,000	53,600	61,200	74,500	38,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,700	75,300	58,700	75,000	76,000	72,000	73,200	81,900	62,250	58,000	70,000	44,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	411,950	203,780	208,170	115	60	50	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	125	65	60
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,600	23,200	20,400	31,200	27,800	35,200	24,200	28,000	21,800	15,400	24,400	11,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,400	34,200	28,640	37,000	37,000	37,000	35,200	41,280	29,720	23,600	26,000	22,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	90.6	80.8	96.0	98.0	96.0	87.6	91.2	83.0	87.0	90.0	84.0
Employment income (%)	72.8	77.2	67.6	92.0	96.0	88.0	71.8	75.0	67.2	70.0	71.0	66.0
Government transfers (%)	13.8	9.4	19.1	3.5	2.6	5.0	12.3	8.9	16.9	12.7	9.8	17.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.9	1.6	x	x	x	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.4	x	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	816,335	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	67,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	56,000	...	...	57,600	...	...	73,000	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	341,345	...	...	95	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	100	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	48,400	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	33,600	...	...	41,600	...	...	37,200	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	474,990	...	...	110	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	160	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,700	...	...	81,000	...	...	106,300	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	65,500	...	...	87,700	...	...	74,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	341,250	...	...	100	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	95	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,400	...	...	54,000	...	...	53,350	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,760	...	...	44,000	...	...	44,360	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	475,105	...	...	95	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	140	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	110,000	...	...	128,200	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	105,700	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	816,335	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...
Under $5,000	17,005	...	...	5	...	...	165,175	...	...	0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	9,785	...	...	0	...	...	91,750	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	16,775	...	...	0	...	...	178,475	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	24,425	...	...	5	...	...	274,140	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	54,215	...	...	5	...	...	637,695	...	...	15	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	38,420	...	...	5	...	...	505,875	...	...	10	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	37,880	...	...	10	...	...	488,735	...	...	10	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	38,590	...	...	10	...	...	560,950	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	39,530	...	...	5	...	...	572,650	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	37,970	...	...	15	...	...	559,155	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	69,550	...	...	20	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	15	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	62,125	...	...	20	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	55,220	...	...	15	...	...	986,460	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,040	...	...	10	...	...	921,205	...	...	15	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	41,220	...	...	10	...	...	844,835	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	224,580	...	...	55	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	85	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	76,005	...	...	20	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	48,680	...	...	15	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	10	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	51,900	...	...	10	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	30	...	...
$200,000 and over	47,995	...	...	10	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	816,335	...	...	205	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	255	...	...
Under $5,000	18,250	...	...	5	...	...	186,735	...	...	5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10,005	...	...	0	...	...	95,195	...	...	0	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	17,050	...	...	0	...	...	183,430	...	...	0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	26,035	...	...	0	...	...	289,545	...	...	5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	59,285	...	...	10	...	...	681,900	...	...	20	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	46,355	...	...	10	...	...	589,110	...	...	20	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	45,485	...	...	5	...	...	582,275	...	...	15	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	47,370	...	...	15	...	...	666,675	...	...	15	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	46,995	...	...	10	...	...	676,995	...	...	10	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	43,530	...	...	20	...	...	655,100	...	...	10	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	78,470	...	...	25	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	30	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	68,975	...	...	20	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	20	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	59,285	...	...	20	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	15	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	49,000	...	...	10	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	20	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	39,955	...	...	10	...	...	911,515	...	...	10	...	...
$100,000 and over	160,295	...	...	35	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	60	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	68,460	...	...	25	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	30	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	38,400	...	...	5	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	15	...	...
$150,000 and over	53,430	...	...	5	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	15	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	435,310	...	...	80	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	135	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	78,500	...	...	91,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.4	...	...	3.0	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	156,425	...	...	50	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	55	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	75,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	175,465	...	...	15	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	40	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	x	...	...	136,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	x	...	...	116,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	86,340	...	...	10	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	30	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	x	...	...	70,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	x	...	...	64,000	...	...	57,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	446,765	228,335	218,420	165	100	60	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	150	70	80
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	46,800	46,800	45,200	38,400	40,000	36,800	35,600	38,400	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	30,800	31,000	30,800	39,600	40,400	38,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	31,800	31,600	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	435,360	...	...	75	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	110	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	115,400	...	...	120,000	...	...	128,600	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	96,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	156,545	...	...	40	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	45	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	116,000	...	...	112,500	...	...	144,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	96,000	...	...	92,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	175,580	...	...	0	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	40	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,000	...	...	...	...	...	160,600	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,400	...	...	x	...	...	130,600	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	86,035	...	...	15	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	25	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	80,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,100	...	...	70,000	...	...	71,800	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	446,290	227,645	218,645	145	85	60	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	170	110	60
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,280	45,400	43,080	46,000	50,000	42,000	49,440	52,050	46,880	49,200	50,000	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,760	37,240	36,240	37,500	40,000	35,000	41,560	43,080	40,120	40,400	39,500	42,000
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	1,723,215	851,580	871,635	355	210	140	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	525	250	275
0 to 17 years	316,605	161,795	154,815	35	25	5	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	85	45	40
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,865	52,630	10	10	0	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,585	567,820	300	175	120	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	365	175	190
65 years and over	266,200	117,200	149,000	20	15	5	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	70	30	40
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	299,080	143,995	155,085	45	25	20	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	80	40	45
0 to 17 years	49,430	25,350	24,085	0	0	0	854,565	439,490	415,075	15	10	0
0 to 5 years	17,500	8,905	8,595	0	0	0	282,315	144,250	138,065	5	5	0
18 to 64 years	184,970	93,610	91,360	40	25	20	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	50	30	25
65 years and over	64,675	25,040	39,635	5	5	0	985,745	391,695	594,050	15	5	10
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.9	17.8	12.8	11.0	15.0	11.1	10.5	11.6	15.6	16.5	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	15.6	15.7	15.6	x	x	x	11.9	11.9	11.9	16.0	24.0	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	16.3	16.2	16.3	x	x	...	12.7	12.7	12.7	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	16.2	16.3	16.1	14.0	12.0	17.0	9.7	9.4	9.9	14.0	15.0	13.0
65 years and over (%)	24.3	21.4	26.6	x	x	x	15.0	12.7	16.9	24.0	12.0	32.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	1,723,210	851,575	871,630	350	215	140	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	525	250	275
0 to 17 years	316,610	161,790	154,815	30	25	10	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	85	45	45
0 to 5 years	107,500	54,870	52,635	15	15	0	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	30	15	15
18 to 64 years	1,140,405	572,580	567,825	300	175	125	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	370	175	195
65 years and over	266,195	117,200	148,995	20	15	10	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	70	35	40
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	199,665	102,220	97,440	45	25	20	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	60	35	30
0 to 17 years	26,605	13,610	12,995	0	0	0	319,545	164,490	155,060	5	5	5
0 to 5 years	9,255	4,715	4,540	0	0	0	99,435	50,875	48,560	0	0	0
18 to 64 years	144,765	77,525	67,235	45	25	20	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	45	20	25
65 years and over	28,295	11,090	17,205	0	0	0	199,155	83,010	116,145	5	5	5
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	11.6	12.0	11.2	13.2	11.0	16.0	5.2	5.4	5.0	11.6	12.0	11.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.4	8.4	x	x	x	4.5	4.6	4.5	10.0	x	x
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	8.6	8.6	x	x	...	4.6	4.6	4.6	x	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	12.7	13.5	11.8	15.2	13.0	18.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	12.4	13.0	12.0
65 years and over (%)	10.6	9.5	11.6	x	x	x	3.1	2.7	3.3	8.0	x	10.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	1,723,215	851,575	871,635	350	215	140	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	525	250	275
In bottom half of the distribution	1,097,735	535,190	562,545	210	125	85	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	295	130	165
In bottom decile	278,660	138,645	140,020	55	30	25	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	80	40	40
In second decile	226,095	107,680	118,415	35	25	10	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	65	30	40
In third decile	221,215	107,370	113,845	30	15	15	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	55	20	35
In fourth decile	197,520	96,110	101,415	45	30	15	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	65	25	35
In fifth decile	174,245	85,395	88,855	50	25	20	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	35	15	15
In top half of the distribution	625,475	316,385	309,090	140	90	55	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	230	115	110
In sixth decile	150,945	74,795	76,155	40	25	15	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	30	15	20
In seventh decile	134,455	67,455	67,000	25	15	15	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	55	25	30
In eighth decile	121,350	61,450	59,900	30	20	15	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	60	25	35
In ninth decile	108,785	55,650	53,130	35	25	10	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	50	30	20
In top decile	109,935	57,030	52,905	10	5	0	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	30	20	10
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	1,723,210	...	...	350	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	525	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.295	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.348	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.516	...	...	0.372	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.484	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.318	...	...	0.260	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.303	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	390	250	140	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	525	250	275
English only	207,690	107,915	99,775	25	15	5	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	45	25	25
French only	473,490	215,190	258,295	80	60	20	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	115	45	70
English and French	1,018,100	519,275	498,830	280	170	110	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	355	180	175
Neither English nor French	41,975	16,745	25,230	0	0	0	689,725	284,170	405,555	10	0	5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	390	250	140	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	525	250	275
English	457,725	231,930	225,795	65	45	20	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	155	70	90
French	1,091,480	533,590	557,890	305	200	110	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	325	155	175
English and French	151,345	77,485	73,865	20	10	10	476,175	237,635	238,535	35	25	5
Neither English nor French	40,705	16,120	24,585	0	0	0	673,100	275,685	397,420	5	0	5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	390	250	140	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	525	250	275
Single responses	1,615,770	796,000	819,775	365	235	130	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	490	230	255
Official languages	1,044,150	518,340	525,805	315	210	105	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	395	185	210
English	225,920	115,155	110,765	35	30	10	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	95	40	55
French	818,225	403,185	415,040	280	180	100	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	300	145	155
Non-official languages	571,625	277,655	293,970	50	25	25	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	95	50	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	355	125	230	0	0	0	148,895	71,630	77,265	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	190	70	120	0	0	0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	165	60	105	0	0	0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0	0	0
Atikamekw	25	5	20	0	0	0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0	0	0
Cree languages	95	35	60	0	0	0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	85	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	580	300	280	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	35	15	20	0	0	0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0	0	0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0	0	0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	35	10	20	0	0	0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0	0	0
Naskapi	5	0	5	0	0	0	625	310	315	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	125	120	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	15	10	10	0	0	0	865	400	460	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	5	0	0	0	0	0	470	235	235	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	25	40	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,880	850	1,030	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0	0	0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,885	6,200	6,680	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	12,785	6,155	6,630	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	625	280	340	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	55	60	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	70	105	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,505	755	755	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	400	195	200	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	120	150	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	840	440	400	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	65	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	40	25	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	40	40	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,390	725	670	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	5	30	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	40	85	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	20	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	50	65	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	25	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	25	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	135	30	105	0	0	0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	220	340	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	140	200	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	225	85	140	0	0	0
Inuktitut	135	30	105	0	0	0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	15	10	5	0	0	0	355	150	205	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Mohawk	15	10	5	0	0	0	275	115	155	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	30	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	15	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	485	220	265	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,095	520	575	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	90	95	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	100	80	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	265	125	140	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	40	50	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	185	80	105	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,040	485	555	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	40	25	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	245	315	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	180	190	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	20	20	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,035	515	515	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	590	300	290	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	155	170	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	60	60	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	35	55	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	300	180	120	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	70	80	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	95	130	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	25	35	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	180	75	100	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	571,270	277,530	293,740	50	25	25	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	95	50	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	119,100	63,230	55,865	10	10	5	698,355	359,625	338,730	10	5	5
Berber languages	15,445	8,305	7,140	0	0	0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0	0	0
Kabyle	14,315	7,650	6,660	0	0	0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0	0	0
Tamazight	985	570	415	0	0	0	2,340	1,365	975	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	150	85	65	0	0	0	395	225	170	0	0	0
Chadic languages	335	180	160	0	0	0	1,985	1,085	905	0	0	0
Hausa	175	100	70	0	0	0	1,315	740	570	0	0	0
Mina	165	80	90	0	0	0	675	340	335	0	0	0
Coptic	165	90	75	0	0	0	1,015	510	505	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	765	360	410	0	0	0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0	0	0
Bilen	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,020	1,085	935	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0	0	0
Somali	735	345	390	0	0	0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	755	400	350	0	0	0
Semitic languages	102,380	54,295	48,085	10	10	5	618,450	320,045	298,405	10	5	5
Amharic	495	235	255	0	0	0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0	0	0
Arabic	99,450	52,790	46,660	10	10	5	508,410	265,350	243,060	10	5	5
Aramaic languages	120	50	65	0	0	0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	40	15	25	0	0	0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0	0	0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0	0	0	1,600	805	795	0	0	0
Harari	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,220	550	675	0	0	0
Hebrew	1,580	845	735	0	0	0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0	0	0
Maltese	5	0	5	0	0	0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	705	360	340	0	0	0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	450	235	220	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	23,210	10,690	12,525	0	0	0	192,985	87,230	105,750	10	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	4,580	2,090	2,500	0	0	0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0	0	0
Vietnamese	18,595	8,585	10,005	0	0	0	173,000	78,180	94,820	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	35	20	15	0	0	0	460	230	225	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	15,495	6,045	9,455	0	0	0	565,375	238,875	326,500	0	0	0
Bikol	85	40	50	0	0	0	2,115	940	1,180	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	305	120	180	0	0	0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0	0	0
Cebuano	680	250	430	0	0	0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	605	325	280	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	390	130	260	0	0	0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,650	670	980	0	0	0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0	0	0
Indonesian	405	165	240	0	0	0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0	0	0
Kankanaey	15	10	5	0	0	0	1,100	465	640	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	410	185	225	0	0	0	2,085	990	1,090	0	0	0
Merina	285	120	160	0	0	0	1,245	580	670	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0	0	0	835	415	425	0	0	0
Malay	45	20	30	0	0	0	1,330	570	760	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	160	75	90	0	0	0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0	0	0
Pangasinan	90	40	50	0	0	0	2,050	900	1,150	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,970	4,220	6,755	0	0	0	461,150	194,805	266,345	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	40	15	20	0	0	0	1,625	690	935	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	215	100	115	0	0	0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0	0	0
Creole languages	36,965	16,655	20,310	0	0	0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	27,145	12,010	15,135	0	0	0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0	0	0	600	315	290	0	0	0
Krio	10	10	5	0	0	0	795	365	435	0	0	0
Morisyen	910	440	470	0	0	0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0	0	0
Sango	50	25	20	0	0	0	580	280	300	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	8,605	4,065	4,535	0	0	0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	230	100	125	0	0	0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	12,090	6,330	5,765	0	0	0	244,165	125,180	118,990	0	0	0
Kannada	225	140	90	0	0	0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,315	700	610	0	0	0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0	0	0
Tamil	9,175	4,555	4,615	0	0	0	152,850	75,010	77,845	0	0	0
Telugu	1,350	915	430	0	0	0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0	0	0
Tulu	15	10	5	0	0	0	615	310	305	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0	0	0	370	170	195	0	0	0
Georgian	105	45	55	0	0	0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	565	265	305	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	289,040	139,810	149,235	35	15	15	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	55	25	25
Albanian	1,795	885	910	0	0	0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0	0	0
Armenian	5,565	2,645	2,920	0	0	0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	29,665	13,025	16,635	0	0	0	648,810	297,100	351,710	5	5	5
Baltic languages	315	125	195	0	0	0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0	0	0
Latvian	115	55	60	0	0	0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0	0	0
Lithuanian	205	70	140	0	0	0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages	29,350	12,905	16,445	0	0	0	638,250	292,670	345,580	5	5	5
Belarusian	30	15	15	0	0	0	720	325	395	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,100	1,440	1,660	0	0	0	19,035	9,090	9,950	5	0	0
Czech	555	255	300	0	0	0	20,025	9,215	10,815	0	0	0
Macedonian	95	40	55	0	0	0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0	0	0
Polish	5,875	2,530	3,345	0	0	0	160,170	72,120	88,050	0	0	0
Russian	14,020	6,080	7,940	0	0	0	197,905	89,100	108,800	0	0	0
Rusyn	5	5	0	0	0	0	500	240	255	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	2,580	1,265	1,320	0	0	0	116,735	56,900	59,835	0	0	0
Bosnian	340	170	175	0	0	0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0	0	0
Croatian	865	415	450	0	0	0	43,500	20,755	22,740	0	0	0
Serbian	1,300	645	650	0	0	0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0	0	0	1,995	945	1,045	0	0	0
Slovak	345	130	220	0	0	0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	240	100	140	0	0	0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0	0	0
Ukrainian	2,490	1,045	1,440	0	0	0	84,705	38,005	46,695	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	440	235	205	0	0	0
Celtic languages	40	25	10	0	0	0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0	0	0
Irish	10	5	0	0	0	0	665	355	315	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0	0	0	425	210	210	0	0	0
Welsh	15	10	5	0	0	0	825	410	420	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0	0	0	230	135	95	0	0	0
Germanic languages	11,285	5,660	5,630	0	0	0	463,400	221,365	242,035	0	0	0
Frisian	5	5	0	0	0	0	1,570	800	775	0	0	0
High German languages	9,860	4,925	4,935	0	0	0	301,570	142,580	158,990	0	0	0
German	3,360	1,560	1,795	0	0	0	272,865	128,250	144,615	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0	0	0
Swiss German	235	125	110	0	0	0	7,575	3,740	3,835	0	0	0
Yiddish	6,270	3,240	3,025	0	0	0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	465	430	0	0	0	138,655	67,815	70,840	0	0	0
Afrikaans	65	40	25	0	0	0	12,270	6,175	6,095	0	0	0
Dutch	740	390	345	0	0	0	80,315	39,000	41,310	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0	0	0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0	0	0	1,270	650	625	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0	0	0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	85	35	50	0	0	0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	480	245	230	0	0	0	20,275	9,500	10,775	0	0	0
Danish	150	70	80	0	0	0	9,945	4,750	5,195	0	0	0
Icelandic	30	15	15	0	0	0	905	430	480	0	0	0
Norwegian	65	35	30	0	0	0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0	0	0
Swedish	230	120	110	0	0	0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0	0	0	1,330	670	660	0	0	0
Greek	14,410	6,805	7,605	0	0	0	93,335	45,860	47,470	5	0	5
Indo-Iranian languages	58,285	30,880	27,410	0	0	0	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	30	15	10
Indo-Aryan languages	42,700	23,120	19,580	0	0	0	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	25	15	10
Assamese	20	10	10	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Bengali	9,850	5,065	4,785	0	0	0	87,580	45,160	42,425	15	10	10
Gujarati	4,805	2,565	2,235	0	0	0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0	0	0
Hindi	3,655	2,135	1,520	0	0	0	152,825	79,585	73,240	0	0	0
Kacchi	90	40	45	0	0	0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0	0	0
Kashmiri	25	15	5	0	0	0	745	395	350	0	0	0
Konkani	55	35	20	0	0	0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0	0	0
Marathi	345	200	145	0	0	0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0	0	0
Nepali	330	170	160	0	0	0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0	0	0
Oriya languages	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,775	940	835	0	0	0
Odia	25	15	10	0	0	0	1,125	615	510	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0	0	0	645	325	320	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,345	9,050	7,290	0	0	0	666,585	341,515	325,065	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Sindhi	45	30	20	0	0	0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	390	205	190	0	0	0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0	0	0
Urdu	6,535	3,480	3,060	0	0	0	235,290	118,540	116,755	5	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	170	95	75	0	0	0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0	0	0
Iranian languages	15,575	7,755	7,820	0	0	0	300,555	150,160	150,390	0	0	0
Baluchi	5	5	0	0	0	0	555	305	250	0	0	0
Kurdish	435	245	190	0	0	0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0	0	0
Parsi	25	20	10	0	0	0	555	310	240	0	0	0
Pashto	975	525	450	0	0	0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0	0	0
Persian languages	14,065	6,930	7,135	0	0	0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0	0	0
Dari	1,085	520	565	0	0	0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	11,665	5,750	5,915	0	0	0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,315	665	650	0	0	0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0	0	0	815	425	390	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0	0	0	305	165	140	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	167,975	79,875	88,100	30	10	15	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	15	0	10
Catalan	190	90	95	0	0	0	905	470	440	0	0	0
Italian	57,590	26,825	30,760	0	0	0	319,505	154,295	165,205	0	0	0
Portuguese	18,080	8,625	9,455	10	5	5	240,680	115,235	125,450	0	0	0
Romanian	12,300	5,780	6,525	0	0	0	93,160	44,185	48,975	0	0	0
Spanish	79,720	38,505	41,210	20	10	10	538,870	259,500	279,375	10	0	5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	100	45	55	0	0	0	1,165	610	550	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0	0	0	385	195	185	0	0	0
Japanese	1,590	475	1,115	0	0	0	43,850	14,205	29,650	0	0	0
Korean	3,810	1,650	2,160	0	0	0	170,400	77,075	93,325	0	0	0
Mongolian	100	35	65	0	0	0	1,850	800	1,050	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	13,245	6,595	6,650	0	0	0	108,295	52,850	55,440	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	620	305	315	0	0	0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0	0	0
Bamanankan	665	360	310	0	0	0	1,855	1,000	860	0	0	0
Edo	60	25	35	0	0	0	1,685	745	940	0	0	0
Éwé	330	185	150	0	0	0	1,955	1,030	920	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	1,245	640	605	0	0	0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0	0	0
Ga	45	25	20	0	0	0	815	400	415	0	0	0
Ganda	25	10	15	0	0	0	1,890	885	1,010	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	5	0	0	0	0	760	320	440	0	0	0
Igbo	90	55	35	0	0	0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,090	490	595	0	0	0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0	0	0
Lingala	1,680	750	930	0	0	0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	140	60	75	0	0	0	520	245	275	0	0	0
Mòoré	150	85	70	0	0	0	515	260	260	0	0	0
Mwani	20	10	10	0	0	0	695	365	325	0	0	0
Ndebele	30	15	20	0	0	0	920	420	500	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	1,320	595	720	0	0	0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0	0	0
Shona	80	40	40	0	0	0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0	0	0
Soninke	205	135	70	0	0	0	505	315	190	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	10	0	0	0	520	200	320	0	0	0
Swahili	795	385	400	0	0	0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0	0	0
Wojenaka	485	225	255	0	0	0	1,030	495	535	0	0	0
Wolof	1,495	800	690	0	0	0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0	0	0
Yoruba	625	325	295	0	0	0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	2,045	1,060	980	0	0	0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	340	190	155	0	0	0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0	0	0
Dinka	5	5	5	0	0	0	1,865	1,000	865	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	515	570	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	275	150	120	0	0	0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0	0	0	575	305	270	0	0	0
Sign languages	275	140	135	0	0	0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0	0	0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0	0	0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	185	90	95	0	0	0	990	520	465	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0	0	0	1,005	555	450	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	46,550	21,145	25,405	0	0	0	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	20	10	5
Chinese languages	46,390	21,080	25,315	0	0	0	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	20	10	5
Hakka	210	85	125	0	0	0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0	0	0
Mandarin	29,410	13,275	16,135	0	0	0	679,255	310,750	368,510	10	5	5
Min Dong	15	5	5	0	0	0	1,310	665	645	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,730	760	970	0	0	0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	440	195	240	0	0	0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,300	7,390	0	0	0	553,380	255,540	297,835	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	855	435	420	0	0	0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0	0	0	630	295	330	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	120	55	70	0	0	0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0	0	0
Burmese	45	15	30	0	0	0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	475	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	305	315	0	0	0
Tibetan	65	30	35	0	0	0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0	0	0	890	445	440	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	585	285	295	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	1,705	735	965	0	0	0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0	0	0
Lao	1,280	615	665	0	0	0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0	0	0
Thai	405	115	295	0	0	0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0	0	0	410	165	240	0	0	0
Turkic languages	5,370	2,745	2,625	0	0	0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	250	155	95	0	0	0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0	0	0
Kazakh	25	15	15	0	0	0	540	230	305	0	0	0
Turkish	4,825	2,455	2,370	0	0	0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0	0	0
Uyghur	140	65	75	0	0	0	1,355	660	690	0	0	0
Uzbek	40	25	20	0	0	0	1,805	890	920	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	90	30	55	0	0	0	1,150	530	620	0	0	0
Uralic languages	2,190	965	1,225	0	0	0	68,180	31,000	37,180	0	0	0
Estonian	70	30	40	0	0	0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0	0	0
Finnish	140	55	85	0	0	0	12,200	5,075	7,120	0	0	0
Hungarian	1,985	880	1,105	0	0	0	51,500	23,980	27,525	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	40	35	0	0	0	1,060	540	520	0	0	0
Multiple responses	125,490	63,125	62,360	20	15	5	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	40	20	20
English and French	35,195	17,970	17,225	20	15	10	291,325	142,420	148,905	25	15	15
English and non-official language(s)	26,945	13,375	13,565	0	0	0	921,480	450,685	470,800	0	0	5
French and non-official language(s)	44,880	22,480	22,400	5	0	0	117,910	57,875	60,040	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	13,590	7,010	6,580	0	0	0	52,880	25,900	26,975	5	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	4,880	2,290	2,590	0	0	0	92,095	42,330	49,765	0	0	0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	390	250	140	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	525	250	275
English	236,770	119,975	116,790	40	30	15	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	90	40	50
French	743,335	365,685	377,655	250	165	85	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	250	125	130
Non-official language	182,560	86,255	96,305	5	5	0	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	35	20	20
Indigenous³⁹	70	30	40	0	0	0	50,460	25,385	25,080	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	182,495	86,230	96,265	5	5	0	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	35	20	20
English and French	146,050	75,850	70,210	50	30	20	953,760	465,560	488,205	85	45	40
English and non-official language(s)	111,510	55,685	55,830	10	5	5	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	20	15	10
French and non-official language(s)	174,715	83,145	91,570	15	5	15	395,320	188,195	207,125	15	5	10
English, French and non-official language(s)	135,525	67,480	68,045	10	10	5	455,760	217,995	237,770	30	10	20
Multiple non-official languages	10,780	5,055	5,720	0	0	0	200,320	93,165	107,155	0	0	0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	390	250	140	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	525	250	275
Single responses	1,586,665	782,610	804,055	370	240	130	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	480	230	250
Official languages	1,255,565	623,405	632,155	350	225	120	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	430	205	230
English	347,110	175,135	171,970	60	40	15	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	135	60	70
French	908,455	448,270	460,180	295	190	100	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	300	140	155
Non-official languages	331,100	159,200	171,905	20	10	10	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	45	25	20
Indigenous languages³⁹	125	50	75	0	0	0	85,835	42,950	42,885	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	80	35	45	0	0	0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	980	495	480	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	70	25	45	0	0	0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0	0	0
Atikamekw	10	0	5	0	0	0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0	0	0
Cree languages	40	20	25	0	0	0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	30	30	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	300	265	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	20	10	10	0	0	0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	665	305	360	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,455	730	725	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	830	430	405	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0	0	0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	505	260	245	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	25	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	105	120	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	5	5	0	0	0	0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	70	70	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	15	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	390	195	200	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,260	3,675	3,585	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	7,230	3,655	3,575	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	100	125	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	0	0	0	0	705	390	315	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	95	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	115	60	55	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0	0	0	395	220	175	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	755	420	335	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	85	75	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	5	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	35	10	30	0	0	0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	145	65	80	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	55	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Inuktitut	30	5	25	0	0	0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	30	40	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	80	70	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	260	130	130	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	20	30	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	10	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	0	5	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	10	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	0	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	240	110	130	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	10	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	60	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	40	55	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	5	5	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	220	115	105	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	65	55	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	45	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	70	25	40	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	5	5	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	5	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	5	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	5	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	5	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	85	40	40	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	330,975	159,150	171,830	20	10	10	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	45	25	20
Afro-Asiatic languages	61,235	31,705	29,525	0	0	0	395,840	197,010	198,830	5	5	0
Berber languages	6,795	3,645	3,145	0	0	0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0	0	0
Kabyle	6,320	3,390	2,930	0	0	0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0	0	0
Tamazight	360	195	165	0	0	0	840	455	380	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0	0	0	280	155	130	0	0	0
Chadic languages	125	60	65	0	0	0	835	425	410	0	0	0
Hausa	80	45	45	0	0	0	635	330	305	0	0	0
Mina	40	15	25	0	0	0	200	95	105	0	0	0
Coptic	120	65	60	0	0	0	545	265	280	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	365	170	195	0	0	0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0	0	0
Bilen	10	5	10	0	0	0	1,645	890	760	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0	0	0
Somali	345	160	185	0	0	0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	425	215	205	0	0	0
Semitic languages	53,825	27,770	26,060	0	0	0	352,790	176,270	176,520	5	5	0
Amharic	240	115	125	0	0	0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0	0	0
Arabic	52,330	27,000	25,325	0	0	0	285,915	143,650	142,260	5	5	0
Aramaic languages	75	30	45	0	0	0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	35	5	25	0	0	0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0	0	0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0	0	0	1,220	605	615	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	305	380	0	0	0
Hebrew	715	375	335	0	0	0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0	0	0
Maltese	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	360	435	0	0	0
Tigrigna	445	230	215	0	0	0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	250	135	115	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	16,465	7,600	8,865	0	0	0	127,730	58,660	69,070	10	5	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	2,860	1,295	1,560	0	0	0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0	0	0
Vietnamese	13,590	6,300	7,290	0	0	0	116,785	53,735	63,055	10	0	5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	15	5	10	0	0	0	300	160	135	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	9,325	3,930	5,395	0	0	0	326,245	149,550	176,700	0	0	0
Bikol	35	15	15	0	0	0	760	370	395	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	170	75	100	0	0	0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0	0	0
Cebuano	425	180	250	0	0	0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	200	110	85	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	235	90	145	0	0	0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0	0	0
Ilocano	960	415	545	0	0	0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0	0	0
Indonesian	170	85	90	0	0	0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0	0	0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0	0	0	585	265	320	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	20	10	5	0	0	0	320	150	170	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	115	55	60	0	0	0	725	370	355	0	0	0
Merina	65	30	35	0	0	0	330	165	170	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0	0	0	390	205	190	0	0	0
Malay	10	5	5	0	0	0	280	145	140	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	45	45	0	0	0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0	0	0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0	0	0	680	310	375	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,960	2,890	4,070	0	0	0	275,045	125,870	149,170	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0	0	0	680	325	360	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0	0	0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0	0	0
Creole languages	17,395	7,710	9,685	0	0	0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	12,640	5,455	7,185	0	0	0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0	0	0	300	125	175	0	0	0
Krio	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	150	210	0	0	0
Morisyen	475	225	250	0	0	0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0	0	0
Sango	10	10	5	0	0	0	295	135	160	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	4,185	1,980	2,210	0	0	0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	75	40	40	0	0	0	870	395	475	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	9,345	4,775	4,570	0	0	0	169,705	85,265	84,440	0	0	0
Kannada	115	65	50	0	0	0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0	0	0
Malayalam	970	520	445	0	0	0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0	0	0
Tamil	7,425	3,635	3,790	0	0	0	112,335	54,240	58,095	0	0	0
Telugu	820	550	275	0	0	0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0	0	0
Tulu	10	5	5	0	0	0	240	120	120	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0	0	0	205	105	105	0	0	0
Georgian	45	20	25	0	0	0	1,335	730	610	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	105	120	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	168,495	80,690	87,800	15	10	10	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	20	10	10
Albanian	1,050	505	540	0	0	0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0	0	0
Armenian	3,895	1,770	2,120	0	0	0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	17,140	7,850	9,295	0	0	0	303,480	143,495	159,985	0	0	0
Baltic languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0	0	0
Latvian	35	20	15	0	0	0	880	395	485	0	0	0
Lithuanian	50	25	30	0	0	0	1,615	720	895	0	0	0
Slavic languages	17,055	7,810	9,250	0	0	0	300,985	142,375	158,610	0	0	0
Belarusian	5	5	5	0	0	0	215	100	115	0	0	0
Bulgarian	2,020	960	1,060	0	0	0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0	0	0
Czech	165	75	90	0	0	0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0	0	0
Macedonian	60	25	30	0	0	0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0	0	0
Polish	2,505	1,085	1,420	0	0	0	65,140	30,225	34,915	0	0	0
Russian	9,755	4,475	5,285	0	0	0	125,780	59,290	66,490	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	155	135	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	1,200	575	630	0	0	0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0	0	0
Bosnian	170	80	90	0	0	0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0	0	0
Croatian	365	165	200	0	0	0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0	0	0
Serbian	645	320	325	0	0	0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0	0	0	640	315	325	0	0	0
Slovak	70	30	40	0	0	0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	85	40	45	0	0	0	1,375	595	785	0	0	0
Ukrainian	1,185	545	640	0	0	0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0	0	0	95	55	40	0	0	0
Celtic languages	5	10	0	0	0	0	555	295	265	0	0	0
Irish	5	5	0	0	0	0	310	165	145	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	55	55	0	0	0
Welsh	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	55	45	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	15	0	0	0
Germanic languages	6,300	3,280	3,020	0	0	0	140,450	68,575	71,875	0	0	0
Frisian	5	0	5	0	0	0	270	110	155	0	0	0
High German languages	6,055	3,160	2,895	0	0	0	103,780	50,460	53,325	0	0	0
German	510	245	270	0	0	0	86,820	41,815	45,005	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0	0	0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,750	870	875	0	0	0
Yiddish	5,525	2,905	2,615	0	0	0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0	0	0	33,710	16,730	16,980	0	0	0
Afrikaans	30	15	15	0	0	0	6,095	3,055	3,035	0	0	0
Dutch	105	55	50	0	0	0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	490	240	245	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0	0	0	220	100	120	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	85	40	50	0	0	0	1,940	920	1,020	0	0	0
Danish	15	10	10	0	0	0	615	280	340	0	0	0
Icelandic	15	5	10	0	0	0	175	75	95	0	0	0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0	0	0	260	125	135	0	0	0
Swedish	45	20	25	0	0	0	890	435	450	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	740	355	390	0	0	0
Greek	7,530	3,370	4,165	0	0	0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	43,235	22,475	20,760	0	0	0	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	10	5	5
Indo-Aryan languages	32,115	17,085	15,025	0	0	0	962,820	490,815	472,000	10	5	5
Assamese	5	5	0	0	0	0	215	110	110	0	0	0
Bengali	7,290	3,630	3,660	0	0	0	56,750	28,435	28,315	5	5	5
Gujarati	3,250	1,705	1,545	0	0	0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0	0	0
Hindi	2,460	1,380	1,075	0	0	0	91,930	47,555	44,375	0	0	0
Kacchi	60	30	35	0	0	0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0	0	0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	130	140	0	0	0
Konkani	15	5	5	0	0	0	880	415	470	0	0	0
Marathi	160	90	70	0	0	0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0	0	0
Nepali	225	115	105	0	0	0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0	0	0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0	0	0	795	420	375	0	0	0
Odia	5	5	0	0	0	0	525	275	250	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	145	130	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	13,485	7,465	6,020	0	0	0	520,390	266,775	253,610	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	410	195	215	0	0	0
Sindhi	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	245	130	115	0	0	0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0	0	0
Urdu	4,795	2,465	2,335	0	0	0	158,040	78,420	79,615	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	2,015	1,040	975	0	0	0
Iranian languages	11,115	5,390	5,730	0	0	0	204,420	99,545	104,875	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	170	155	0	0	0
Kurdish	220	120	105	0	0	0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0	0	0
Parsi	15	5	5	0	0	0	280	130	150	0	0	0
Pashto	750	405	350	0	0	0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0	0	0
Persian languages	10,090	4,835	5,250	0	0	0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0	0	0
Dari	675	320	355	0	0	0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	8,570	4,115	4,460	0	0	0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	845	400	440	0	0	0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0	0	0	475	250	225	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0	0	0	125	70	55	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	89,325	41,435	47,885	15	5	10	577,735	273,965	303,770	5	0	0
Catalan	75	30	40	0	0	0	370	185	190	0	0	0
Italian	21,255	8,905	12,350	0	0	0	92,755	38,750	54,005	0	0	0
Portuguese	9,715	4,550	5,165	5	0	5	118,730	56,685	62,045	0	0	0
Romanian	7,290	3,495	3,800	0	0	0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0	0	0
Spanish	50,960	24,440	26,520	10	5	10	317,365	155,005	162,360	5	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	25	15	0	0	0	425	210	220	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0	0	0	190	95	95	0	0	0
Japanese	705	285	425	0	0	0	20,055	8,290	11,765	0	0	0
Korean	2,705	1,205	1,495	0	0	0	125,525	58,250	67,275	0	0	0
Mongolian	55	25	30	0	0	0	1,050	505	545	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	4,240	2,060	2,180	0	0	0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	340	160	180	0	0	0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0	0	0
Bamanankan	205	100	105	0	0	0	560	280	280	0	0	0
Edo	20	10	10	0	0	0	365	150	215	0	0	0
Éwé	85	45	40	0	0	0	470	225	245	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	455	235	220	0	0	0	1,315	665	650	0	0	0
Ga	20	10	10	0	0	0	260	115	150	0	0	0
Ganda	5	0	5	0	0	0	555	260	295	0	0	0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Igbo	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,530	770	765	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	335	145	190	0	0	0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0	0	0
Lingala	570	255	320	0	0	0	1,520	655	860	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	10	5	5	0	0	0	90	35	60	0	0	0
Mòoré	25	10	10	0	0	0	70	30	35	0	0	0
Mwani	10	5	0	0	0	0	160	85	75	0	0	0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0	0	0	295	130	160	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	465	215	250	0	0	0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0	0	0
Shona	35	15	20	0	0	0	1,035	480	555	0	0	0
Soninke	95	65	30	0	0	0	235	145	85	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	45	85	0	0	0
Swahili	290	155	135	0	0	0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0	0	0
Wojenaka	130	50	80	0	0	0	290	130	160	0	0	0
Wolof	600	325	275	0	0	0	1,945	1,040	910	0	0	0
Yoruba	180	85	90	0	0	0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	330	150	185	0	0	0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	60	45	0	0	0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	900	485	420	0	0	0
Nuer	5	0	0	0	0	0	645	295	355	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	55	40	0	0	0	1,465	705	760	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0	0	0	140	75	70	0	0	0
Sign languages	515	300	220	0	0	0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0	0	0
American Sign Language	90	45	40	0	0	0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	305	165	140	0	0	0	1,475	830	645	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	125	85	40	0	0	0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35,185	16,285	18,900	0	0	0	967,965	450,210	517,755	15	10	5
Chinese languages	35,100	16,245	18,855	0	0	0	955,685	444,115	511,565	15	10	5
Hakka	75	35	35	0	0	0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0	0	0
Mandarin	23,585	10,965	12,620	0	0	0	530,945	249,675	281,270	10	5	5
Min Dong	5	0	5	0	0	0	775	370	405	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,050	460	590	0	0	0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	285	135	145	0	0	0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	9,590	4,395	5,195	0	0	0	393,430	180,000	213,435	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	505	250	255	0	0	0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0	0	0	225	110	115	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0	0	0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0	0	0
Burmese	30	10	20	0	0	0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	660	320	340	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	440	225	210	0	0	0
Tibetan	35	20	15	0	0	0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	225	240	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0	0	0	290	135	155	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	870	405	465	0	0	0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0	0	0
Lao	715	350	370	0	0	0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0	0	0
Thai	150	60	90	0	0	0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	85	125	0	0	0
Turkic languages	3,575	1,790	1,780	0	0	0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	100	60	40	0	0	0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0	0	0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0	0	0	105	55	50	0	0	0
Turkish	3,325	1,665	1,660	0	0	0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0	0	0
Uyghur	100	45	60	0	0	0	850	420	435	0	0	0
Uzbek	15	10	10	0	0	0	950	470	480	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	410	195	210	0	0	0
Uralic languages	695	285	415	0	0	0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	615	245	370	0	0	0
Finnish	20	10	15	0	0	0	1,880	825	1,050	0	0	0
Hungarian	675	275	400	0	0	0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0	0	0	390	195	195	0	0	0
Multiple responses	154,590	76,515	78,075	20	10	10	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	50	25	25
English and French	45,705	23,415	22,290	15	5	10	230,955	112,070	118,880	30	20	10
English and non-official language(s)	32,655	15,945	16,710	0	0	0	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	10	5	10
French and non-official language(s)	55,175	26,790	28,385	0	0	0	125,525	60,405	65,125	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	19,445	9,630	9,820	0	0	0	56,805	27,370	29,430	5	0	5
Multiple non-official languages	1,605	740	865	0	0	0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0	0	0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	1,741,260	859,120	882,135	390	250	135	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	525	250	275
None	1,279,175	629,625	649,555	310	205	110	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	405	190	215
English	115,715	59,690	56,025	35	20	15	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	40	15	20
French	109,450	53,550	55,895	15	10	0	571,040	268,530	302,510	40	15	20
Non-official language	129,625	62,430	67,195	20	10	10	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	35	20	15
Indigenous³⁹	145	55	90	0	0	0	63,565	29,285	34,280	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	129,480	62,370	67,105	20	10	10	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	35	20	15
English and French	29,960	15,165	14,790	0	0	0	86,185	42,600	43,585	5	5	0
English and non-official language(s)	35,695	18,170	17,525	5	5	0	323,845	161,995	161,850	5	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	27,860	13,495	14,370	0	5	0	134,565	61,575	72,995	5	0	5
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,580	1,835	1,740	0	0	0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	10,200	5,165	5,035	0	0	0	234,905	115,470	119,430	0	0	0
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	305	185	120	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	490	275	220
Official languages	1,681,610	834,860	846,755	305	185	120	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	480	270	215
English	1,216,575	623,125	593,455	280	175	105	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	380	215	165
French	1,475,945	727,525	748,420	285	170	115	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	440	240	200
Non-official languages	862,365	420,005	442,360	100	65	35	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	120	70	45
Indigenous languages³⁹	800	315	485	0	0	0	243,155	116,360	126,795	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	365	150	210	0	0	0	163,815	78,135	85,675	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	260	100	160	0	0	0	105,850	50,975	54,870	0	0	0
Atikamekw	20	0	15	0	0	0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0	0	0
Cree languages	150	60	90	0	0	0	87,875	42,340	45,530	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	420	220	200	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	450	445	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	65	30	40	0	0	0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	70	25	45	0	0	0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	80	25	60	0	0	0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0	0	0
Naskapi	20	10	10	0	0	0	1,035	515	525	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	25	10	10	0	0	0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	25	10	10	0	0	0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	420	400	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	90	50	45	0	0	0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	30	20	15	0	0	0	1,950	895	1,060	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	55	30	30	0	0	0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	35	15	25	0	0	0	2,035	875	1,165	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	80	135	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0	0	0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	165	100	65	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0	0	0	20,390	9,635	10,755	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	20	10	0	0	0	20,135	9,515	10,620	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,550	680	870	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	270	125	145	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	115	180	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	25	15	10	0	0	0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	775	355	420	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	195	215	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0	0	0	1,210	620	590	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	480	265	220	0	0	0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	130	115	0	0	0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0	0	0	235	140	100	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	40	95	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	870	400	470	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	75	100	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	120	190	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	50	85	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	50	85	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	25	25	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	290	140	150	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	150	75	75	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	55	55	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	245	90	155	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	315	75	235	0	0	0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	505	630	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	795	365	430	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	145	205	0	0	0
Inuktitut	310	75	235	0	0	0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	30	40	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	65	50	20	0	0	0	2,055	880	1,175	0	0	0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0	0	0	230	95	135	0	0	0
Mohawk	60	45	20	0	0	0	1,605	655	950	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	210	105	110	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	35	25	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	90	120	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,905	850	1,050	0	0	0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	5,305	2,555	2,755	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,415	670	745	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	600	285	305	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	510	300	215	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,090	510	580	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	350	165	185	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	135	185	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	705	320	390	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	360	190	175	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	370	195	175	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,530	715	810	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	925	470	455	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	180	140	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,135	555	580	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,110	595	515	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	465	210	255	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	10	10	0	0	0	0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	145	145	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	335	170	170	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	820	355	465	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	700	315	390	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0	0	0	645	310	335	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	855	405	450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	861,690	419,765	441,925	100	65	35	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	120	70	45
Afro-Asiatic languages	193,965	101,880	92,090	20	20	0	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	0	0	0
Berber languages	23,765	12,670	11,095	0	0	0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0	0	0
Kabyle	21,490	11,425	10,070	0	0	0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0	0	0
Tamazight	2,020	1,120	900	0	0	0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	560	290	270	0	0	0	1,330	750	575	0	0	0
Chadic languages	1,205	655	545	0	0	0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0	0	0
Hausa	575	370	210	0	0	0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0	0	0
Mina	625	290	340	0	0	0	2,010	1,040	965	0	0	0
Coptic	745	385	360	0	0	0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	1,160	540	615	0	0	0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0	0	0
Bilen	15	10	0	0	0	0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0	0	0
Oromo	10	0	0	0	0	0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0	0	0
Somali	1,115	515	600	0	0	0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	50	15	40	0	0	0	1,400	760	645	0	0	0
Semitic languages	182,025	95,605	86,420	20	20	0	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	0	0	0
Amharic	780	375	405	0	0	0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0	0	0
Arabic	173,385	91,115	82,270	20	20	0	838,045	436,510	401,540	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	215	95	125	0	0	0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	45	20	25	0	0	0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	10	0	0	0	0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	155	70	95	0	0	0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0	0	0
Harari	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,000	925	1,075	0	0	0
Hebrew	7,665	4,080	3,580	0	0	0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0	0	0
Maltese	20	10	10	0	0	0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0	0	0
Tigrigna	820	400	420	0	0	0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	75	50	25	0	0	0	1,760	1,065	695	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30,875	14,470	16,405	0	0	0	260,030	120,035	139,995	15	0	10
Khmer (Cambodian)	6,850	3,180	3,675	0	0	0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0	0	0
Vietnamese	24,550	11,565	12,985	0	0	0	232,800	107,435	125,355	15	0	10
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	50	25	30	0	0	0	910	455	455	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	24,510	9,720	14,785	0	0	0	793,275	336,445	456,840	0	0	0
Bikol	175	65	110	0	0	0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	450	200	255	0	0	0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0	0	0
Cebuano	1,155	395	755	0	0	0	33,045	13,790	19,250	0	0	0
Fijian	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,765	900	865	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	765	265	500	0	0	0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0	0	0
Ilocano	2,925	1,225	1,700	0	0	0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0	0	0
Indonesian	805	365	440	0	0	0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0	0	0
Kankanaey	45	25	20	0	0	0	1,950	770	1,175	0	0	0
Kinaray-a	85	25	60	0	0	0	860	345	510	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	835	405	425	0	0	0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0	0	0
Merina	655	320	335	0	0	0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0	0	0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	185	90	90	0	0	0	1,565	785	780	0	0	0
Malay	355	190	165	0	0	0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	355	165	200	0	0	0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0	0	0
Pangasinan	120	55	65	0	0	0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	21,575	8,340	13,235	0	0	0	737,565	310,735	426,830	0	0	0
Waray-Waray	120	55	65	0	0	0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	905	390	515	0	0	0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0	0	0
Creole languages	74,245	33,880	40,365	0	0	0	184,840	85,045	99,790	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	66,445	30,045	36,400	0	0	0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	215	115	105	0	0	0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0	0	0
Krio	60	25	40	0	0	0	1,955	870	1,090	0	0	0
Morisyen	2,365	1,215	1,140	0	0	0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0	0	0
Sango	185	100	80	0	0	0	1,535	785	750	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	11,950	5,630	6,320	0	0	0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	1,520	685	835	0	0	0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	16,725	8,745	7,975	0	0	0	359,485	185,160	174,325	0	0	0
Kannada	540	325	215	0	0	0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0	0	0
Malayalam	1,760	935	825	0	0	0	77,910	42,025	35,890	0	0	0
Tamil	12,940	6,480	6,465	0	0	0	237,890	119,570	118,320	0	0	0
Telugu	2,415	1,600	815	0	0	0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0	0	0
Tulu	30	10	10	0	0	0	1,765	935	835	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0	0	0	970	450	520	0	0	0
Georgian	150	75	70	0	0	0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0	0	0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	720	365	360	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	450,480	219,660	230,825	80	45	35	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	65	50	15
Albanian	2,425	1,220	1,205	0	0	0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0	0	0
Armenian	7,185	3,350	3,835	0	0	0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	40,980	19,110	21,870	0	0	0	820,305	384,390	435,915	0	0	0
Baltic languages	530	215	315	0	0	0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0	0	0
Latvian	190	85	105	0	0	0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0	0	0
Lithuanian	340	135	210	0	0	0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0	0	0
Slavic languages	40,615	18,955	21,660	0	0	0	809,985	380,025	429,960	0	0	0
Belarusian	160	55	105	0	0	0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0	0	0
Bulgarian	3,765	1,820	1,945	0	0	0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0	0	0
Czech	990	455	535	0	0	0	28,625	13,595	15,030	0	0	0
Macedonian	215	80	135	0	0	0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0	0	0
Polish	7,925	3,535	4,390	0	0	0	204,460	94,135	110,325	0	0	0
Russian	23,995	11,285	12,705	0	0	0	309,235	145,375	163,860	0	0	0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0	0	0	680	345	330	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	3,390	1,700	1,695	0	0	0	155,775	76,800	78,975	0	0	0
Bosnian	675	315	365	0	0	0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0	0	0
Croatian	1,515	775	740	0	0	0	73,845	36,015	37,830	0	0	0
Serbian	1,725	840	885	0	0	0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	95	60	40	0	0	0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0	0	0
Slovak	590	250	340	0	0	0	20,905	9,455	11,450	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	345	145	200	0	0	0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0	0	0
Ukrainian	4,905	2,155	2,745	0	0	0	131,655	59,230	72,425	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0	0	0	770	385	385	0	0	0
Celtic languages	275	150	125	0	0	0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0	0	0
Irish	120	65	55	0	0	0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0	0	0
Welsh	35	20	15	0	0	0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0	0	0	910	495	415	0	0	0
Germanic languages	28,325	14,670	13,655	15	10	0	658,705	319,800	338,905	15	15	0
Frisian	40	20	25	0	0	0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0	0	0
High German languages	25,545	13,365	12,180	15	10	0	453,995	222,215	231,780	15	15	0
German	17,050	8,935	8,110	15	10	0	419,195	204,840	214,355	15	15	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0	0	0
Swiss German	300	120	175	0	0	0	10,465	5,025	5,440	0	0	0
Yiddish	8,490	4,455	4,030	0	0	0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,020	1,005	1,025	0	0	0	191,840	93,435	98,405	0	0	0
Afrikaans	205	95	105	0	0	0	29,670	15,335	14,335	0	0	0
Dutch	1,645	825	820	0	0	0	107,985	51,330	56,650	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,310	640	670	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0	0	0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	175	85	90	0	0	0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	1,440	725	710	0	0	0	37,500	17,205	20,300	0	0	0
Danish	425	190	230	0	0	0	14,700	6,805	7,900	0	0	0
Icelandic	45	20	20	0	0	0	1,475	685	790	0	0	0
Norwegian	285	155	130	0	0	0	8,860	4,180	4,675	0	0	0
Swedish	820	445	370	0	0	0	14,620	6,765	7,855	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0	0	0	1,275	720	555	0	0	0
Greek	20,685	9,850	10,830	0	0	0	145,060	71,685	73,375	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	77,115	41,190	35,920	0	0	0	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	20	10	0
Indo-Aryan languages	58,875	31,985	26,890	0	0	0	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	0	0	0
Assamese	35	25	15	0	0	0	1,155	590	565	0	0	0
Bengali	12,945	6,685	6,255	0	0	0	120,605	62,330	58,270	0	0	0
Gujarati	6,930	3,785	3,140	0	0	0	209,415	110,000	99,405	0	0	0
Hindi	24,370	13,400	10,970	0	0	0	761,425	395,410	366,015	0	0	0
Kacchi	195	95	95	0	0	0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0	0	0
Kashmiri	40	25	15	0	0	0	1,830	965	865	0	0	0
Konkani	155	95	60	0	0	0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0	0	0
Marathi	780	440	340	0	0	0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0	0	0
Nepali	485	270	220	0	0	0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0	0	0
Oriya languages	45	20	35	0	0	0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0	0	0
Odia	30	15	15	0	0	0	1,710	925	785	0	0	0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0	0	0	1,550	755	795	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	22,580	12,435	10,150	0	0	0	942,170	488,075	454,090	0	0	0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	345	420	0	0	0
Sindhi	100	50	50	0	0	0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	845	470	370	0	0	0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0	0	0
Urdu	11,425	6,220	5,200	0	0	0	414,870	211,895	202,975	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	500	325	180	0	0	0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0	0	0
Iranian languages	18,895	9,560	9,335	0	0	0	370,520	186,750	183,770	0	0	0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	985	565	420	0	0	0
Kurdish	780	465	315	0	0	0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0	0	0
Parsi	80	35	40	0	0	0	1,000	535	470	0	0	0
Pashto	1,225	645	580	0	0	0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0	0	0
Persian languages	17,095	8,600	8,495	0	0	0	326,285	163,665	162,620	0	0	0
Dari	1,280	645	640	0	0	0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	14,160	7,125	7,040	0	0	0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	1,790	920	865	0	0	0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	105	55	50	0	0	0	1,830	970	855	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0	0	0	2,135	1,245	895	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	293,340	139,795	153,545	65	30	35	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	30	25	0
Catalan	715	400	315	0	0	0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0	0	0
Italian	95,535	45,630	49,905	10	10	0	547,655	263,950	283,705	15	10	0
Portuguese	28,840	14,425	14,410	10	0	10	336,865	164,985	171,880	10	0	0
Romanian	15,245	7,225	8,020	0	0	0	116,520	55,570	60,950	0	0	0
Spanish	177,230	83,945	93,280	45	20	25	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	15	15	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	405	240	165	0	0	0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	115	70	45	0	0	0	1,965	1,025	940	0	0	0
Japanese	4,585	2,190	2,400	0	0	0	98,070	43,380	54,690	0	0	0
Korean	5,035	2,200	2,835	0	0	0	203,885	92,275	111,605	0	0	0
Mongolian	180	55	120	0	0	0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	31,565	16,015	15,555	0	0	0	267,520	131,495	136,025	10	0	0
Akan (Twi)	1,340	755	585	0	0	0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0	0	0
Bamanankan	1,540	790	745	0	0	0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0	0	0
Edo	245	115	125	0	0	0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0	0	0
Éwé	865	505	360	0	0	0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	2,730	1,485	1,245	0	0	0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0	0	0
Ga	220	145	75	0	0	0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0	0	0
Ganda	75	40	30	0	0	0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0	0	0
Gikuyu	45	0	40	0	0	0	1,850	750	1,100	0	0	0
Igbo	485	280	205	0	0	0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	1,825	855	970	0	0	0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0	0	0
Lingala	7,315	3,405	3,910	0	0	0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0	0	0
Luba-Kasai	520	225	295	0	0	0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0	0	0
Mòoré	620	340	280	0	0	0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0	0	0
Mwani	20	15	10	0	0	0	1,080	585	490	0	0	0
Ndebele	115	70	40	0	0	0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	2,045	1,010	1,035	0	0	0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0	0	0
Shona	245	150	95	0	0	0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0	0	0
Soninke	465	310	155	0	0	0	1,010	650	360	0	0	0
Sotho-Tswana languages	45	15	30	0	0	0	1,305	580	725	0	0	0
Swahili	3,405	1,710	1,695	0	0	0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0	0	0
Wojenaka	1,005	510	495	0	0	0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0	0	0
Wolof	4,030	2,185	1,840	0	0	0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0	0	0
Yoruba	2,040	1,025	1,015	0	0	0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	7,005	3,630	3,375	0	0	0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	705	390	315	0	0	0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0	0	0
Dinka	10	0	0	0	0	0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0	0	0
Nuer	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,490	685	805	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	690	385	310	0	0	0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.	425	225	200	0	0	0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0
Sign languages	1,985	795	1,185	0	0	0	49,535	19,685	29,850	0	0	0
American Sign Language	495	160	330	0	0	0	37,620	14,430	23,195	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	1,345	510	830	0	0	0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	340	210	130	0	0	0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	56,545	26,095	30,455	0	0	0	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	25	10	15
Chinese languages	56,370	26,025	30,340	0	0	0	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	25	10	15
Hakka	335	170	160	0	0	0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0	0	0
Mandarin	41,405	18,880	22,525	0	0	0	987,300	452,995	534,305	20	10	15
Min Dong	35	20	20	0	0	0	1,825	840	980	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	2,725	1,170	1,560	0	0	0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	695	310	390	0	0	0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	19,045	8,640	10,405	0	0	0	724,925	335,185	389,740	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	860	455	410	0	0	0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0	0	0	1,185	560	625	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	180	60	115	0	0	0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0	0	0
Burmese	65	10	60	0	0	0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0	0	0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,140	520	620	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	845	395	450	0	0	0
Tibetan	95	50	50	0	0	0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	1,940	890	1,050	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0	0	0	1,220	540	680	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	2,755	1,240	1,520	0	0	0	33,705	14,255	19,440	0	0	0
Lao	1,985	965	1,020	0	0	0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0	0	0
Thai	1,085	390	695	0	0	0	18,575	6,955	11,615	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0	0	0	800	330	465	0	0	0
Turkic languages	9,265	4,570	4,695	0	0	0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	520	325	200	0	0	0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0	0	0
Kazakh	60	35	25	0	0	0	1,415	600	815	0	0	0
Turkish	8,445	4,105	4,340	0	0	0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0	0	0
Uyghur	205	95	110	0	0	0	1,660	790	875	0	0	0
Uzbek	140	85	55	0	0	0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	205	90	115	0	0	0	2,150	980	1,165	0	0	0
Uralic languages	3,265	1,435	1,835	0	0	0	85,055	39,290	45,765	0	0	0
Estonian	85	35	50	0	0	0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0	0	0
Finnish	245	120	125	0	0	0	15,325	6,735	8,590	0	0	0
Hungarian	2,945	1,280	1,660	0	0	0	64,625	30,320	34,300	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	425	215	205	0	0	0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0	0	0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	305	185	120	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	490	270	225
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	15,315	7,080	8,235	0	0	0	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	0	0	0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	14,315	6,630	7,685	0	0	0	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,065	3,655	4,415	0	0	0	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	0	0	0
Métis	5,705	2,835	2,870	0	0	0	624,220	306,220	318,000	0	0	0
Inuk (Inuit)	545	135	405	0	0	0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	305	150	155	0	0	0	28,855	13,645	15,215	0	0	0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	695	305	385	0	0	0	35,225	16,620	18,610	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous identity	1,707,915	844,530	863,385	295	175	120	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	490	270	225
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	305	185	120	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	490	270	225
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,465	1,570	1,890	0	0	0	831,720	402,310	429,405	0	0	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	1,719,765	850,040	869,730	295	175	120	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	490	270	225
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Owner	297,340	...	...	50	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	40	...	...
Renter	519,020	...	...	140	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	195	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Condominium	178,700	...	...	60	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	20	...	...
Not condominium	637,660	...	...	130	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	220	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
No bedrooms	19,020	...	...	0	...	...	132,060	...	...	0	...	...
1 bedroom	254,075	...	...	90	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	45	...	...
2 bedrooms	284,300	...	...	65	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	100	...	...
3 bedrooms	194,410	...	...	40	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	65	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	64,550	...	...	0	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	30	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	473,475	...	...	130	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	120	...	...
5 rooms	155,105	...	...	35	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	60	...	...
6 rooms	69,335	...	...	10	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	25	...	...
7 rooms	48,130	...	...	0	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	10	...	...
8 or more rooms	70,315	...	...	10	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	30	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.5	...	...	4.2	...	...	6.1	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
One person or fewer per room	789,745	...	...	195	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	240	...	...
More than one person per room	26,615	...	...	0	...	...	353,715	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Suitable	745,905	...	...	190	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	230	...	...
Not suitable	70,450	...	...	0	...	...	805,650	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
1960 or before	293,880	...	...	80	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	75	...	...
1961 to 1980	248,030	...	...	55	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	50	...	...
1981 to 1990	89,700	...	...	25	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	65	...	...
1991 to 2000	57,865	...	...	15	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	25	...	...
2001 to 2005	28,770	...	...	0	...	...	959,860	...	...	10	...	...
2006 to 2010	30,795	...	...	0	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	0	...	...
2011 to 2015	33,075	...	...	0	...	...	967,540	...	...	0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	34,235	...	...	10	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	746,280	...	...	155	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	225	...	...
Major repairs needed	70,075	...	...	35	...	...	919,545	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
One-maintainer household	494,140	...	...	115	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	140	...	...
Two-maintainer household	291,245	...	...	65	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	90	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	30,970	...	...	10	...	...	687,485	...	...	15	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
15 to 24 years	39,665	...	...	0	...	...	424,695	...	...	20	...	...
25 to 34 years	154,835	...	...	90	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	50	...	...
35 to 44 years	156,945	...	...	40	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	75	...	...
45 to 54 years	137,925	...	...	25	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	30	...	...
55 to 64 years	137,110	...	...	20	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	10	...	...
65 to 74 years	105,800	...	...	0	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	40	...	...
75 to 84 years	59,160	...	...	0	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	0	...	...
85 years and over	24,920	...	...	0	...	...	457,900	...	...	0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	808,950	...	...	185	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	240	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	612,990	...	...	145	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	180	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	195,960	...	...	45	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	60	...	...
30% to less than 100%	171,990	...	...	40	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	50	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	816,355	...	...	195	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	240	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	301,530	...	...	70	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	70	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	168,425	...	...	35	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	55	...	...
Not suitable only	52,965	...	...	0	...	...	595,110	...	...	0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	46,120	...	...	20	...	...	645,465	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10,065	...	...	0	...	...	135,770	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	16,530	...	...	10	...	...	199,355	...	...	0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	6,480	...	...	0	...	...	64,095	...	...	0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	940	...	...	0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0	...	...
Acceptable housing	514,825	...	...	125	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	170	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	784,980	...	...	180	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	230	...	...
In core need	82,165	...	...	15	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	20	...	...
Not in core need	702,815	...	...	170	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	210	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	297,340	...	...	50	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	45	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	80.0	...	...	60.0	...	...	44.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	0.0	...	...	14.8	...	...	0.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.5	...	...	0.0	...	...	5.3	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,570	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,532	...	...	2,100	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,650	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	412,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	584,500	...	...	480,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	680,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	519,015	...	...	145	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	200	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	11.7	...	...	22.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	27.8	...	...	22.2	...	...	33.2	...	...	25.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	0.0	...	...	20.0	...	...	7.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	870	...	...	1,210	...	...	1,070	...	...	760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	969	...	...	1,160	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,030	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	0	...	...	69,130	...	...	0	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.9	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	284	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	327	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	1,723,230	851,615	871,620	305	190	115	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	495	270	220
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,560	3,785	4,780	0	0	0	985,200	480,950	504,245	0	0	0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,395	3,715	4,680	0	0	0	963,705	470,850	492,855	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,165	3,225	3,935	0	0	0	763,230	371,400	391,825	0	0	0
Métis single ancestry	880	380	500	0	0	0	146,010	72,680	73,325	0	0	0
Inuit single ancestry	350	110	240	0	0	0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	170	70	100	0	0	0	21,490	10,095	11,395	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	90	45	45	0	0	0	17,665	8,215	9,450	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	70	20	55	0	0	0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0	0	0	1,070	530	535	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	320	165	155	0	0	0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	28,175	12,775	15,400	10	10	0	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	35	15	15
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	27,945	12,705	15,240	10	10	0	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	35	15	15
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25,185	11,485	13,695	10	10	0	801,630	384,550	417,075	35	15	15
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,455	1,140	1,310	0	0	0	362,130	174,975	187,150	0	0	0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	80	235	0	0	0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0	0	0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	70	160	0	0	0	35,930	16,605	19,320	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	195	60	130	0	0	0	31,815	14,790	17,025	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	15	0	0	0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0	0	0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,005	500	505	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	15	0	0	0	330	125	210	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	1,686,490	835,050	851,435	290	175	115	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	455	255	205
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	300	190	115	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	495	270	220
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	1,434,570	703,030	731,545	245	150	95	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	460	250	205
Canadian citizens aged under 18	279,730	142,810	136,925	15	15	0	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	85	35	45
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	1,154,835	560,215	594,620	230	140	90	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	380	215	165
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	288,660	148,585	140,075	60	40	20	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	35	20	15
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	300	190	115	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	495	270	220
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	1,017,325	502,500	514,820	205	130	75	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	405	220	190
Immigrants⁸¹	576,120	278,025	298,100	45	20	25	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	70	40	30
Before 1980	87,415	40,730	46,685	0	0	0	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	10	10	0
1980 to 1990	59,835	29,275	30,555	0	0	0	924,320	443,805	480,520	0	0	0
1991 to 2000	95,220	45,340	49,880	15	0	0	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	20	10	10
2001 to 2010	139,575	67,480	72,090	15	0	10	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	20	10	10
2011 to 2021⁸²	194,080	95,195	98,885	10	0	0	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	25	15	10
2011 to 2015	90,040	43,785	46,255	0	0	0	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	15	0	10
2016 to 2021	104,040	51,410	52,630	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	10	10	0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	129,780	71,085	58,695	55	40	20	924,850	499,490	425,365	15	10	0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	576,125	278,025	298,100	40	25	20	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	70	40	30
Under 5 years	45,920	23,340	22,575	0	0	0	748,265	377,795	370,470	0	0	0
5 to 14 years	90,130	45,385	44,740	10	0	0	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	15	15	0
15 to 24 years	104,655	46,955	57,705	10	0	0	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	10	0	10
25 to 44 years	290,245	141,865	148,380	25	10	15	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	45	20	20
45 years and over	45,170	20,475	24,700	0	0	0	797,180	364,260	432,920	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	576,125	278,025	298,100	40	25	20	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	70	40	30
Americas	127,690	58,995	68,690	25	10	15	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	0	0	0
Brazil	3,760	1,770	1,990	0	0	0	48,450	22,405	26,050	0	0	0
Colombia	8,195	3,835	4,360	0	0	0	80,570	36,675	43,900	0	0	0
El Salvador	6,400	3,265	3,130	0	0	0	49,450	24,430	25,015	0	0	0
Guyana	1,350	660	690	0	0	0	85,530	37,870	47,660	0	0	0
Haiti	47,555	21,110	26,445	0	0	0	99,945	44,585	55,360	0	0	0
Jamaica	2,670	1,090	1,585	0	0	0	145,360	63,430	81,925	0	0	0
Mexico	8,225	4,005	4,220	0	0	0	90,585	42,215	48,370	0	0	0
Peru	6,715	3,060	3,660	0	0	0	31,420	13,925	17,490	0	0	0
Trinidad and Tobago	2,120	970	1,155	0	0	0	65,035	29,110	35,930	0	0	0
United States of America	10,180	5,260	4,920	0	0	0	256,090	115,380	140,705	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	30,520	13,985	16,535	10	0	10	250,760	116,305	134,460	0	0	0
Europe	137,155	66,390	70,765	10	10	0	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	20	15	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	780	390	385	0	0	0	35,925	17,705	18,220	0	0	0
Croatia	760	390	375	0	0	0	36,675	18,115	18,560	0	0	0
France	39,280	20,790	18,485	0	0	0	121,525	63,845	57,685	10	10	0
Germany	2,480	1,285	1,200	0	0	0	126,470	60,560	65,915	0	0	0
Greece	7,730	3,445	4,285	0	0	0	54,715	27,050	27,665	0	0	0
Hungary	1,365	650	720	0	0	0	31,050	14,595	16,450	0	0	0
Italy	30,215	14,095	16,120	0	0	0	204,065	101,445	102,625	0	0	0
Netherlands	500	310	190	0	0	0	75,830	39,020	36,810	0	0	0
Poland	4,685	1,965	2,720	0	0	0	135,030	60,660	74,370	0	0	0
Portugal	7,715	3,520	4,195	0	0	0	128,795	62,880	65,910	0	0	0
Romania	9,655	4,440	5,215	0	0	0	86,770	40,820	45,955	0	0	0
Russian Federation	5,520	2,235	3,290	0	0	0	81,840	35,185	46,650	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	675	320	350	0	0	0	31,925	15,480	16,450	0	0	0
Ukraine	4,385	1,940	2,445	0	0	0	81,135	36,840	44,295	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,005	2,245	1,755	0	0	0	464,135	229,710	234,430	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	17,395	8,365	9,030	0	0	0	271,725	131,935	139,790	0	0	0
Africa	140,555	71,665	68,890	10	0	0	821,735	412,365	409,375	10	0	0
Algeria	43,840	22,680	21,165	0	0	0	79,660	41,065	38,600	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	6,025	2,765	3,265	0	0	0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0	0	0
Egypt	9,400	4,720	4,685	0	0	0	73,710	38,730	34,980	0	0	0
Eritrea	495	250	250	0	0	0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0	0	0
Ethiopia	660	305	355	0	0	0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0	0	0
Morocco	33,005	16,490	16,515	0	0	0	81,775	41,085	40,685	0	0	0
Nigeria	1,200	630	565	0	0	0	81,290	41,665	39,620	0	0	0
Somalia	400	200	200	0	0	0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	415	275	140	0	0	0	51,590	25,740	25,855	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	45,115	23,355	21,760	0	0	0	314,995	157,170	157,825	0	0	0
Asia	169,860	80,480	89,375	0	0	0	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	45	25	20
Afghanistan	1,100	570	535	0	0	0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	9,815	4,825	4,990	0	0	0	182,940	92,300	90,645	0	0	0
Iraq	1,610	890	725	0	0	0	84,130	42,660	41,465	0	0	0
Lebanon	17,455	9,230	8,220	0	0	0	95,725	50,675	45,055	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	12,040	6,095	5,940	0	0	0	97,590	49,855	47,735	0	0	0
Turkey	4,010	2,020	1,995	0	0	0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	26,330	11,650	14,680	0	0	0	715,835	317,970	397,860	15	10	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,375	1,130	1,245	0	0	0	213,855	100,480	113,375	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	2,680	1,185	1,495	0	0	0	138,355	63,025	75,325	0	0	0
Taiwan	1,265	540	725	0	0	0	65,365	28,725	36,635	0	0	0
Philippines	20,475	7,940	12,535	0	0	0	719,580	305,115	414,460	0	0	0
Viet Nam	16,395	7,460	8,935	0	0	0	182,095	82,670	99,425	15	0	10
Bangladesh	7,035	3,560	3,475	0	0	0	70,090	35,675	34,415	0	0	0
India	13,570	7,040	6,525	0	0	0	898,050	451,120	446,930	0	0	0
Pakistan	5,730	3,040	2,690	0	0	0	234,105	118,390	115,715	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	6,965	3,425	3,540	0	0	0	136,240	66,215	70,030	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	21,010	9,890	11,120	0	0	0	375,340	175,930	199,410	0	0	0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	860	485	375	0	0	0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0	0	0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	104,040	51,410	52,625	0	0	0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	15	10	0
Americas	15,850	7,650	8,205	0	0	0	154,490	74,275	80,215	0	0	0
Brazil	1,105	455	645	0	0	0	19,895	9,340	10,560	0	0	0
Colombia	1,260	575	685	0	0	0	11,455	5,090	6,365	0	0	0
Haiti	5,495	2,700	2,795	0	0	0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0	0	0
Jamaica	135	70	60	0	0	0	15,155	7,740	7,420	0	0	0
Mexico	1,320	690	625	0	0	0	17,150	8,405	8,745	0	0	0
United States of America	2,255	1,165	1,090	0	0	0	39,875	19,790	20,085	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	915	355	555	0	0	0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Americas	3,375	1,630	1,740	0	0	0	33,350	15,785	17,570	0	0	0
Europe	17,760	9,335	8,425	0	0	0	134,425	69,310	65,120	0	0	0
France	11,735	6,290	5,445	0	0	0	27,175	14,560	12,610	0	0	0
Germany	235	130	105	0	0	0	5,365	2,660	2,705	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	45	10	0	0	0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0	0	0
Italy	420	260	160	0	0	0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0	0	0
Russian Federation	625	235	390	0	0	0	10,905	4,335	6,570	0	0	0
Ukraine	750	355	395	0	0	0	14,515	6,570	7,945	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	290	185	0	0	0	22,755	13,550	9,200	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Europe	3,465	1,725	1,740	0	0	0	43,120	21,160	21,960	0	0	0
Africa	34,835	17,255	17,575	0	0	0	206,965	102,875	104,090	0	0	0
Algeria	10,085	4,925	5,160	0	0	0	15,745	7,530	8,220	0	0	0
Burundi	715	385	335	0	0	0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0	0	0
Cameroon	3,555	1,730	1,825	0	0	0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0	0	0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	1,490	645	845	0	0	0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0	0	0
Côte d'Ivoire	1,625	785	835	0	0	0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0	0	0
Egypt	1,470	795	675	0	0	0	12,120	6,285	5,835	0	0	0
Eritrea	275	145	125	0	0	0	16,330	8,755	7,575	0	0	0
Ethiopia	90	40	45	0	0	0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0	0	0
Morocco	5,375	2,535	2,835	0	0	0	12,835	6,025	6,810	0	0	0
Nigeria	550	310	240	0	0	0	40,360	20,575	19,780	0	0	0
Somalia	40	25	20	0	0	0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	105	55	50	0	0	0	8,510	4,290	4,220	0	0	0
Sudan⁹⁷	70	40	35	0	0	0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0	0	0
Tunisia	3,360	1,755	1,610	0	0	0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Africa	6,015	3,075	2,945	0	0	0	38,960	19,250	19,715	0	0	0
Asia	35,290	16,975	18,315	0	0	0	823,205	393,110	430,090	10	0	0
Afghanistan	180	95	85	0	0	0	12,730	6,290	6,440	0	0	0
Bangladesh	960	465	495	0	0	0	13,185	6,670	6,515	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	4,960	2,085	2,875	0	0	0	118,035	50,365	67,665	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	40	0	0	0	6,495	2,880	3,620	0	0	0
India	5,690	3,035	2,655	0	0	0	246,995	128,205	118,790	0	0	0
Iran⁸⁸	2,275	1,025	1,250	0	0	0	25,650	12,310	13,340	0	0	0
Iraq	245	145	100	0	0	0	17,715	8,835	8,875	0	0	0
Israel	145	90	60	0	0	0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0	0	0
Japan	185	55	130	0	0	0	4,445	1,035	3,410	0	0	0
Jordan	355	160	195	0	0	0	4,635	2,375	2,260	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	750	320	435	0	0	0	20,985	8,790	12,200	0	0	0
Lebanon	1,710	930	775	0	0	0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0	0	0
Nepal	180	110	75	0	0	0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,030	520	505	0	0	0	36,255	18,070	18,190	0	0	0
Philippines	5,730	2,455	3,280	0	0	0	151,490	66,720	84,765	0	0	0
Saudi Arabia	860	540	325	0	0	0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	500	205	295	0	0	0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	5,895	3,065	2,835	0	0	0	63,130	32,725	30,410	0	0	0
Turkey	520	295	225	0	0	0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0	0	0
United Arab Emirates	580	290	290	0	0	0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0	0	0
Viet Nam	910	395	515	0	0	0	14,725	5,605	9,125	0	0	0
Other places of birth in Asia	1,565	680	880	0	0	0	30,410	13,035	17,375	0	0	0
Oceania and other⁹³	305	195	110	0	0	0	9,160	5,335	3,825	0	0	0
Australia	195	125	65	0	0	0	6,535	3,845	2,685	0	0	0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	110	70	45	0	0	0	2,625	1,490	1,135	0	0	0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	1,723,225	851,610	871,615	305	185	120	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	490	275	220
First generation¹⁰⁰	725,270	358,390	366,885	105	65	40	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	95	60	35
Second generation¹⁰¹	361,130	181,485	179,645	55	35	25	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	100	65	40
Third generation or more¹⁰²	636,825	311,740	325,090	140	85	55	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	295	150	145
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	488,705	237,295	251,410	35	15	20	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	60	35	25
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	267,215	137,555	129,660	15	0	10	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	30	15	10
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	135,610	78,460	57,150	0	0	0	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	15	10	0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	131,610	59,100	72,515	0	0	0	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	10	10	0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	133,215	54,390	78,825	10	10	0	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	20	0	10
Refugees¹⁰⁸	79,320	41,035	38,285	15	0	10	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	15	10	0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	8,955	4,310	4,645	0	0	0	91,900	42,145	49,755	0	0	0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	488,705	237,295	251,410	35	15	20	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	60	35	25
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50,275	26,560	23,710	15	0	10	416,105	222,895	193,205	0	0	0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	50,365	23,725	26,640	0	0	0	705,405	324,370	381,035	10	0	0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	11,765	6,105	5,655	0	0	0	183,250	92,135	91,110	0	0	0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25,200	14,095	11,105	0	0	0	377,130	188,535	188,590	0	0	0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	4,400	1,875	2,525	0	0	0	39,540	15,685	23,855	0	0	0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	346,705	164,930	181,775	15	0	10	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	40	25	15
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	305	185	120	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	490	275	225
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	668,975	330,800	338,175	65	35	30	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	110	60	45
South Asian	79,670	42,620	37,050	15	0	10	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	0	0	0
Chinese	56,935	26,075	30,860	0	0	0	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	25	10	15
Black	198,610	96,350	102,255	10	10	0	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	50	30	20
Filipino	27,355	11,555	15,805	0	0	0	957,355	427,755	529,600	0	0	0
Arab	141,935	74,355	67,585	20	20	0	694,015	362,845	331,170	0	0	0
Latin American	78,150	38,450	39,705	15	0	15	580,235	281,030	299,200	0	0	0
Southeast Asian	37,905	17,950	19,955	0	0	0	390,340	184,120	206,220	20	10	10
West Asian	17,500	8,735	8,765	0	0	0	360,495	181,795	178,695	0	0	0
Korean	5,245	2,365	2,880	0	0	0	218,140	101,855	116,285	0	0	0
Japanese	2,645	1,045	1,600	0	0	0	98,890	42,315	56,575	0	0	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	5,470	2,675	2,795	0	0	0	172,885	83,310	89,580	0	0	0
Multiple visible minorities	17,540	8,615	8,920	0	0	0	331,805	160,790	171,010	0	0	0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	1,054,255	520,810	533,445	240	150	90	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	380	210	170
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,615	305	185	115	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	495	275	220
Canadian	216,645	104,085	112,565	35	20	20	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	85	40	45
English	43,185	22,080	21,110	20	15	10	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	25	20	0
Irish	80,635	38,520	42,120	35	25	10	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	35	20	10
Scottish	44,880	21,650	23,230	15	10	10	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	10	10	0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	307,670	155,535	152,135	115	80	35	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	140	70	75
German	31,730	15,215	16,510	10	0	10	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	0	0	0
Chinese	61,715	28,350	33,365	0	0	0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	30	15	15
Italian	135,430	66,225	69,205	15	10	0	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	20	10	10
Indian (India)	36,920	19,740	17,180	20	10	10	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	0	0	0
Ukrainian	14,865	7,080	7,785	0	0	0	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	0	0	0
Dutch	6,520	3,225	3,295	0	0	0	988,585	489,045	499,545	0	0	0
Polish	23,515	11,460	12,060	0	0	0	982,820	472,290	510,525	10	0	10
Québécois	103,145	51,885	51,265	15	0	10	981,635	490,130	491,510	100	60	40
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,665	6,000	5,670	0	0	0	938,950	462,420	476,530	0	0	0
Filipino	26,105	11,050	15,045	0	0	0	925,490	414,915	510,570	0	0	0
French Canadian	59,380	28,470	30,910	20	20	0	906,315	441,610	464,705	0	0	0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	19,910	10,385	9,530	0	0	0	691,260	347,080	344,175	0	0	0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	15,970	7,210	8,760	0	0	0	632,340	304,220	328,120	25	10	15
Métis	3,645	1,645	2,000	0	0	0	560,335	271,985	288,350	0	0	0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	22,450	11,380	11,070	10	10	0	551,910	278,060	273,850	0	0	0
Russian	20,180	9,420	10,760	0	0	0	548,140	260,075	288,065	0	0	0
Norwegian	2,370	1,150	1,220	0	0	0	466,500	224,290	242,210	0	0	0
Welsh	3,345	1,715	1,630	0	0	0	455,720	216,490	239,230	0	0	0
Portuguese	23,120	11,280	11,840	0	0	0	448,305	222,770	225,535	0	0	0
American	11,970	5,910	6,055	0	0	0	353,495	172,240	181,255	15	10	0
Spanish	31,535	15,600	15,940	15	0	10	342,040	160,475	181,570	15	0	10
Swedish	2,500	1,180	1,320	0	0	0	334,505	156,840	177,665	0	0	0
Hungarian	9,065	4,385	4,680	0	0	0	320,150	155,755	164,395	0	0	0
Acadian	11,725	5,325	6,400	0	0	0	305,170	145,500	159,675	0	0	0
Pakistani	9,080	4,870	4,210	0	0	0	303,260	154,435	148,825	0	0	0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	33,155	16,460	16,695	0	0	0	301,955	148,335	153,625	0	0	0
Jewish	26,680	13,550	13,135	0	0	0	282,015	141,530	140,490	10	10	0
Punjabi	5,655	3,385	2,270	0	0	0	279,950	145,620	134,330	0	0	0
Vietnamese	26,955	12,890	14,070	0	0	0	275,530	131,075	144,445	0	0	0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	52,935	28,050	24,885	0	0	0	263,710	138,210	125,500	10	0	10
Greek	26,980	13,250	13,725	0	0	0	262,140	132,975	129,160	0	0	0
Jamaican	5,905	2,760	3,140	0	0	0	249,070	119,265	129,805	0	0	0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	8,475	3,860	4,610	0	0	0	226,220	107,785	118,435	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	780	355	430	0	0	0	219,855	105,825	114,030	0	0	0
Korean	5,445	2,485	2,960	0	0	0	217,650	101,805	115,845	0	0	0
Romanian	16,255	7,785	8,470	0	0	0	215,885	103,720	112,165	0	0	0
Lebanese	30,115	15,635	14,475	0	0	0	210,605	107,990	102,615	0	0	0
Iranian	12,890	6,310	6,575	0	0	0	200,465	100,790	99,675	0	0	0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	11,615	5,780	5,835	0	0	0	200,340	99,800	100,540	10	0	0
Danish	1,820	845	970	0	0	0	196,945	96,220	100,725	0	0	0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	3,710	1,705	2,005	0	0	0	194,840	94,035	100,810	10	0	0
Sikh	3,335	1,775	1,560	0	0	0	194,640	101,255	93,385	0	0	0
Austrian	3,485	1,725	1,755	0	0	0	189,535	92,740	96,800	0	0	0
Belgian	10,940	5,520	5,420	0	0	0	182,175	90,150	92,030	0	0	0
Haitian	80,485	37,710	42,775	0	0	0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0	0	0
Hindu	5,610	3,195	2,420	0	0	0	166,160	87,665	78,495	0	0	0
Mexican	15,365	7,685	7,680	0	0	0	155,495	77,435	78,055	0	0	0
Mennonite	385	195	195	0	0	0	155,095	77,735	77,360	0	0	0
Swiss	5,470	2,695	2,775	10	10	0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0	0	0
Finnish	1,000	425	580	0	0	0	144,055	69,270	74,785	0	0	0
Sri Lankan	7,720	3,820	3,905	0	0	0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0	0	0
Croatian	2,230	1,080	1,155	0	0	0	130,820	64,915	65,905	0	0	0
Japanese	3,565	1,490	2,075	0	0	0	129,425	56,850	72,580	0	0	0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,770	970	800	0	0	0	120,125	60,575	59,550	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	2,310	1,015	1,300	0	0	0	111,605	53,700	57,905	0	0	0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,300	685	615	0	0	0	110,735	54,730	56,005	0	0	0
Muslim	8,530	4,530	3,995	0	0	0	105,620	54,095	51,525	0	0	0
Egyptian	13,040	6,810	6,230	0	0	0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0	0	0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	12,215	6,250	5,965	0	0	0	104,765	51,375	53,395	0	0	0
Tamil	4,835	2,245	2,585	0	0	0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0	0	0
Icelandic	345	205	145	0	0	0	101,990	50,370	51,620	0	0	0
Colombian	11,580	5,525	6,055	0	0	0	100,555	47,995	52,560	0	0	0
Moroccan	37,360	19,125	18,235	10	0	10	99,980	50,835	49,150	0	0	0
Czech	2,395	1,080	1,315	0	0	0	98,925	47,495	51,430	0	0	0
Syrian	13,935	6,830	7,105	0	0	0	98,250	49,385	48,865	0	0	0
Guyanese	1,650	815	835	0	0	0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0	0	0
Afghan	1,885	1,005	885	0	0	0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0	0	0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	7,275	3,530	3,740	0	0	0	94,585	44,335	50,250	0	0	0
Serbian	1,755	835	920	0	0	0	93,360	46,945	46,410	0	0	0
Ojibway	250	130	125	0	0	0	92,220	44,610	47,600	0	0	0
Newfoundlander	390	230	160	0	0	0	91,670	45,665	46,005	0	0	0
Hong Konger	1,000	460	540	0	0	0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0	0	0
Ontarian	795	370	430	0	0	0	80,555	39,675	40,880	0	0	0
Persian	4,285	2,325	1,955	0	0	0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0	0	0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	2,925	1,500	1,425	0	0	0	77,405	37,655	39,750	0	0	0
Turkish	8,160	4,055	4,105	0	0	0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0	0	0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	775	220	555	0	0	0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0	0	0
Bangladeshi	8,790	4,475	4,310	0	0	0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0	0	0
Algerian	40,570	21,135	19,435	0	0	0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0	0	0
Brazilian	6,440	3,085	3,355	0	0	0	71,755	34,670	37,085	0	0	0
Nigerian	1,780	820	955	0	0	0	69,540	34,680	34,860	0	0	0
Armenian	10,715	5,120	5,595	0	0	0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0	0	0
Slovak	1,375	640	735	0	0	0	68,210	33,475	34,740	0	0	0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	2,990	1,430	1,555	0	0	0	66,780	31,525	35,255	0	0	0
Somali	1,155	550	610	0	0	0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0	0	0
Taiwanese	1,860	860	1,000	0	0	0	64,020	29,280	34,740	0	0	0
Iraqi	1,770	975	800	0	0	0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0	0	0
Salvadorean	9,125	4,430	4,700	10	0	10	59,280	29,150	30,130	0	0	0
African Caribbean	5,045	2,265	2,780	0	0	0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0	0	0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	1,775	775	995	0	0	0	58,870	27,845	31,025	0	0	0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	3,005	1,655	1,355	0	0	0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0	0	0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	4,900	2,065	2,835	0	0	0	57,195	25,715	31,475	0	0	0
Algonquin	1,725	860	865	0	0	0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0	0	0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	1,900	775	1,120	0	0	0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0	0	0
Lithuanian	2,110	930	1,180	0	0	0	52,040	24,510	27,530	0	0	0
South African	465	220	245	0	0	0	49,840	24,885	24,955	0	0	0
Australian	830	405	425	0	0	0	46,765	24,165	22,595	0	0	0
Palestinian	3,525	1,890	1,640	0	0	0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0	0	0
Chilean	6,025	2,985	3,040	0	0	0	45,685	22,520	23,165	0	0	0
Congolese	9,965	4,820	5,140	0	0	0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0	0	0
Nova Scotian	505	225	280	0	0	0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0	0	0
Ethiopian	965	495	475	0	0	0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0	0	0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	3,165	1,615	1,550	0	0	0	42,405	20,105	22,300	0	0	0
Peruvian	8,415	3,870	4,545	0	0	0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0	0	0
Yoruba	1,710	940	770	0	0	0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0	0	0
Cambodian (Khmer)	8,775	4,125	4,650	0	0	0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0	0	0
Berber	19,835	10,545	9,290	0	0	0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0	0	0
Albanian	2,560	1,300	1,260	0	0	0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0	0	0
Maltese	360	200	160	0	0	0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0	0	0
Macedonian	325	165	160	0	0	0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0	0	0
Slovenian	825	365	455	0	0	0	38,595	18,785	19,815	0	0	0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	2,185	1,225	960	0	0	0	38,520	18,935	19,585	0	0	0
New Brunswicker	850	430	425	0	0	0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0	0	0
Gujarati	880	475	405	0	0	0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0	0	0
Eritrean	615	305	310	0	0	0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0	0	0
African Canadian	1,290	680	610	0	0	0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0	0	0
Israeli	2,760	1,485	1,275	0	0	0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0	0	0
Mohawk	1,345	600	740	0	0	0	33,330	16,485	16,845	0	0	0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	550	235	315	0	0	0	33,135	15,355	17,775	0	0	0
Bulgarian	4,040	1,955	2,085	0	0	0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0	0	0
Albertan	100	35	65	0	0	0	32,575	16,525	16,055	0	0	0
Ghanaian	1,735	925	810	0	0	0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0	0	0
Barbadian	2,410	1,195	1,215	0	0	0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0	0	0
African American	1,600	790	810	0	0	0	31,430	15,700	15,730	0	0	0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	825	450	375	0	0	0	30,565	14,635	15,930	0	0	0
Tunisian	11,510	6,360	5,150	0	0	0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0	0	0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	1,350	615	725	0	0	0	30,220	15,225	14,995	0	0	0
Cuban	3,770	1,915	1,850	0	0	0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0	0	0
Bosnian	510	245	270	0	0	0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0	0	0
Venezuelan	3,895	1,730	2,160	0	0	0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0	0	0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	1,610	705	905	0	0	0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0	0	0
Latvian	625	330	295	0	0	0	28,140	13,515	14,620	0	0	0
Bengali	3,570	1,775	1,800	0	0	0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0	0	0
Cameroonian	6,740	3,360	3,380	0	0	0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0	0	0
Guatemalan	4,875	2,545	2,330	0	0	0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0	0	0
Indonesian	1,000	455	540	0	0	0	26,330	11,910	14,415	0	0	0
Laotian	2,510	1,280	1,235	0	0	0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0	0	0
Ilocano	1,085	525	565	0	0	0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0	0	0
Northern Irish	310	160	150	0	0	0	25,200	12,495	12,710	0	0	0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	585	295	290	0	0	0	24,420	12,265	12,155	0	0	0
British Columbian	90	40	50	0	0	0	24,325	12,230	12,095	0	0	0
Ecuadorian	1,190	565	630	0	0	0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0	0	0
Franco Ontarian	675	355	315	0	0	0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0	0	0
Argentinian	2,545	1,310	1,230	0	0	0	23,500	11,665	11,840	0	0	0
Estonian	365	215	150	0	0	0	23,455	11,080	12,375	0	0	0
Kurdish	1,470	840	635	0	0	0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0	0	0
Fijian	15	0	10	0	0	0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0	0	0
Jatt	390	185	205	0	0	0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0	0	0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	715	370	345	0	0	0	22,785	11,680	11,105	0	0	0
Coptic	2,240	1,170	1,070	0	0	0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0	0	0
Thai	1,150	395	755	0	0	0	22,275	8,525	13,750	0	0	0
Dominican	5,245	2,460	2,790	0	0	0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0	0	0
Nepali	430	240	185	0	0	0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0	0	0
Kabyle	10,940	5,660	5,275	0	0	0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0	0	0
Assyrian	345	150	200	0	0	0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0	0	0
Igbo	565	325	240	0	0	0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0	0	0
Byelorussian	1,090	555	535	0	0	0	18,850	9,055	9,795	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	25	10	15	0	0	0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0	0	0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	45	50	0	0	0	18,545	8,975	9,570	0	0	0
Abenaki	1,685	750	935	0	0	0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0	0	0
Moldovan	3,295	1,630	1,665	0	0	0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0	0	0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	1,120	500	615	0	0	0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0	0	0
New Zealander	265	150	115	0	0	0	17,755	9,275	8,470	0	0	0
Sudanese	300	155	145	0	0	0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0	0	0
Breton	3,775	1,765	2,010	0	0	0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0	0	0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	20	25	0	0	0	17,315	7,300	10,020	0	0	0
Malaysian	375	205	165	0	0	0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0	0	0
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0	0	0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0	0	0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	5,440	2,890	2,545	0	0	0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0	0	0
Huron (Wendat)	1,425	655	770	0	0	0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0	0	0
Saskatchewanian	70	25	45	0	0	0	15,780	7,505	8,280	0	0	0
Buddhist	690	295	400	0	0	0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0	0	0
Gaspesian	1,565	705	860	0	0	0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0	0	0
Norman	1,850	905	940	0	0	0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0	0	0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	260	105	155	0	0	0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0	0	0
Ivorian	3,370	1,610	1,760	0	0	0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0	0	0
Saulteaux	35	10	15	0	0	0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0	0	0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	140	60	85	0	0	0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0	0	0
Burundian	2,120	1,025	1,090	0	0	0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0	0	0
Tigrinya	370	210	160	0	0	0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0	0	0
Nicaraguan	1,255	630	625	0	0	0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0	0	0
Mauritian	1,955	1,080	870	0	0	0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0	0	0
Kenyan	210	95	115	0	0	0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0	0	0
Vincentian	2,215	885	1,330	0	0	0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0	0	0
Jordanian	770	430	340	0	0	0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0	0	0
Manitoban	110	45	60	0	0	0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0	0	0
Cape Bretoner	50	15	35	0	0	0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0	0	0
Rwandan	2,125	975	1,155	0	0	0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0	0	0
Grenadian	910	350	560	0	0	0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0	0	0
Malayali	335	185	150	0	0	0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0	0	0
Chaldean	110	40	75	0	0	0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0	0	0
Sinhalese	310	150	165	0	0	0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0	0	0
Mayan	1,695	900	795	0	0	0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0	0	0
Honduran	2,260	1,015	1,240	0	0	0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0	0	0
Cherokee	195	90	100	0	0	0	10,825	5,080	5,745	0	0	0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0	0	0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0	0	0
Indo-Caribbean	280	135	140	0	0	0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0	0	0
Flemish	520	265	255	0	0	0	10,275	4,950	5,325	0	0	0
United Empire Loyalist	90	45	50	0	0	0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0	0	0
Senegalese	3,165	1,585	1,580	0	0	0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	510	260	245	0	0	0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0	0	0
Sicilian	970	495	470	0	0	0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0	0	0
Pashtun	475	245	220	0	0	0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0	0	0
Malay	300	135	165	0	0	0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0	0	0
Goan	115	55	60	0	0	0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0	0	0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	1,635	815	815	0	0	0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0	0	0
Tibetan	135	65	70	0	0	0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0	0	0
Zimbabwean	180	105	75	0	0	0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0	0	0
Burmese	225	105	120	0	0	0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0	0	0
Mongolian	480	210	270	0	0	0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0	0	0
Azorean	730	310	415	0	0	0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0	0	0
Atikamekw	325	145	180	0	0	0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0	0	0
Bamileke	2,160	1,115	1,040	0	0	0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0	0	0
Indo-Guyanese	125	60	65	0	0	0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0	0	0
Ugandan	100	55	50	0	0	0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0	0	0
Oromo	50	25	25	0	0	0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0	0	0
Tanzanian	175	85	90	0	0	0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0	0	0
Yemeni	515	275	240	0	0	0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0	0	0
Central African	1,415	675	740	0	0	0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0	0	0
Libyan	590	320	270	0	0	0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0	0	0
Basque	980	515	465	0	0	0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0	0	0
Uruguayan	785	450	335	0	0	0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0	0	0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	545	270	270	0	0	0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0	0	0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	870	500	370	0	0	0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0	0	0
Igorot	290	105	185	0	0	0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0	0	0
Fulani	2,380	1,260	1,120	0	0	0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0	0	0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0	0	0
Guinean	2,670	1,375	1,290	0	0	0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0	0	0
St. Lucian	255	100	155	0	0	0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0	0	0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0	0	0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0	0	0
Maliseet	200	70	135	0	0	0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0	0	0
Beninese	2,000	1,140	865	0	0	0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0	0	0
Telugu	180	125	55	0	0	0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0	0	0
Roma	235	110	125	0	0	0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0	0	0
Costa Rican	720	425	295	0	0	0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0	0	0
African Nova Scotian	215	105	115	0	0	0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0	0	0
Malagasy	1,625	755	865	0	0	0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0	0	0
Kashmiri	75	40	30	0	0	0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0	0	0
Singaporean	75	55	15	0	0	0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0	0	0
Karen	10	0	0	0	0	0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0	0	0
Edo	290	130	155	0	0	0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0	0	0
Tajik	100	45	55	0	0	0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0	0	0
Amhara	95	45	45	0	0	0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0	0	0
Paraguayan	90	35	60	0	0	0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0	0	0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	1,723,230	851,610	871,620	305	185	120	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	490	270	220
Buddhist	26,395	11,650	14,745	0	0	0	356,975	157,435	199,540	0	0	0
Christian	853,205	397,365	455,840	75	35	40	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	220	125	100
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	105,435	50,405	55,035	0	0	0	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	15	10	0
Anabaptist	195	80	120	0	0	0	144,145	70,095	74,050	0	0	0
Anglican	9,480	4,260	5,220	0	0	0	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	0	0	0
Baptist	11,620	5,335	6,290	0	0	0	436,940	200,325	236,615	0	0	0
Catholic	602,630	280,655	321,975	55	20	35	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	180	100	80
Christian Orthodox	55,730	26,490	29,235	0	0	0	623,010	301,055	321,955	0	0	0
Jehovah's Witness	6,790	2,720	4,070	0	0	0	137,255	59,505	77,750	0	0	0
Latter Day Saints	1,140	520	620	0	0	0	87,725	41,365	46,360	0	0	0
Lutheran	1,510	685	825	0	0	0	328,045	150,115	177,925	0	0	0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	840	400	440	0	0	0	100,655	46,640	54,020	0	0	0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	14,860	6,485	8,380	0	0	0	399,025	180,870	218,155	0	0	0
Presbyterian	2,615	1,230	1,380	0	0	0	301,400	136,440	164,960	0	0	0
Reformed	310	150	165	0	0	0	79,870	39,250	40,620	0	0	0
United Church	3,950	1,655	2,295	0	0	0	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	0	0	0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	36,100	16,305	19,790	0	0	0	745,650	345,540	400,110	0	0	0
Hindu	30,430	16,600	13,835	10	10	0	828,195	430,135	398,060	0	0	0
Jewish	35,930	17,990	17,940	0	0	0	335,295	164,220	171,070	0	0	0
Muslim	218,395	113,570	104,820	15	0	10	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	20	10	15
Sikh	15,630	8,360	7,265	0	0	0	771,790	394,345	377,445	0	0	0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	205	80	130	0	0	0	80,685	38,460	42,230	0	0	0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	8,860	4,145	4,710	0	0	0	229,015	97,645	131,370	0	0	0
No religion and secular perspectives	534,180	281,845	252,340	210	140	70	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	235	130	110
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	1,706,230	842,970	863,255	300	185	115	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	495	270	220
Non-movers	1,471,775	723,745	748,030	215	135	80	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	400	225	175
Movers	234,450	119,225	115,230	90	45	40	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	90	50	45
Non-migrants	174,665	88,775	85,895	60	25	40	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	65	30	35
Migrants	59,790	30,455	29,335	25	25	0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	30	15	10
Internal migrants	31,510	15,825	15,685	10	10	0	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	25	15	10
Intraprovincial migrants	22,730	11,190	11,535	10	10	0	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	15	0	10
Interprovincial migrants	8,780	4,635	4,145	0	0	0	268,965	135,215	133,750	0	0	0
External migrants	28,280	14,630	13,650	15	15	0	293,955	147,585	146,370	0	0	0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	1,634,705	806,720	827,980	300	180	120	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	480	265	215
Non-movers	890,430	431,050	459,385	95	55	40	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	310	170	145
Movers	744,270	375,675	368,595	205	130	75	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	170	100	70
Non-migrants	416,555	207,830	208,725	95	60	35	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	100	50	55
Migrants	327,720	167,840	159,875	105	60	40	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	65	45	20
Internal migrants	145,860	72,315	73,545	65	40	20	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	60	45	20
Intraprovincial migrants	118,675	58,715	59,960	45	30	15	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	25	10	15
Interprovincial migrants	27,185	13,600	13,580	15	10	10	921,345	459,695	461,650	35	30	0
External migrants	181,860	95,525	86,335	40	25	15	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	0	0	0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	290	175	110	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	430	245	180
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	253,885	125,810	128,075	0	0	0	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	65	35	30
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	1,199,415	587,940	611,470	280	165	110	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	360	205	150
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,205	492,180	489,025	265	160	110	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	290	175	115
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	115,240	62,335	52,905	0	0	0	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	30	10	20
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	865,970	429,855	436,115	260	150	110	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	260	160	95
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	290	175	115	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	430	245	185
No certificate, diploma or degree	228,310	111,220	117,090	0	0	0	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	70	40	30
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	281,440	143,785	137,655	20	15	10	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	100	70	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	943,545	458,740	484,805	260	160	100	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	260	140	120
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	420,630	208,325	212,310	60	35	25	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	110	45	65
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	135,320	75,570	59,755	10	0	0	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	30	10	20
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	98,575	50,165	48,415	10	0	0	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	25	10	20
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	36,750	25,405	11,335	0	0	0	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	226,630	107,020	119,610	50	25	20	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	70	20	50
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	58,675	25,735	32,945	0	0	0	896,755	372,560	524,195	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	522,915	250,415	272,500	200	125	75	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	145	90	55
Bachelor's degree	294,530	137,550	156,980	100	60	40	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	100	70	35
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	51,000	23,685	27,315	20	10	10	556,510	243,200	313,310	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	13,135	6,300	6,830	0	0	0	214,105	108,000	106,105	0	0	0
Master's degree	138,940	68,590	70,355	65	35	25	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	30	20	15
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	25,315	14,295	11,025	10	10	0	279,660	165,795	113,870	0	0	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	981,210	492,185	489,025	270	160	110	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	290	175	115
No certificate, diploma or degree	97,670	52,760	44,910	0	0	0	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	30	15	20
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	146,020	79,740	66,280	20	0	10	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	65	40	25
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	737,515	359,680	377,835	250	145	100	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	190	120	75
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	302,205	152,275	149,925	55	30	25	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	70	35	30
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	103,365	56,740	46,625	15	10	0	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	20	10	0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	76,115	38,060	38,055	15	10	0	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	20	10	0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	27,250	18,680	8,565	0	0	0	836,220	693,830	142,395	0	0	0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	155,015	75,780	79,230	45	25	20	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	35	10	20
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	43,825	19,755	24,070	0	0	0	623,090	261,035	362,050	10	10	0
Bachelor's degree or higher	435,315	207,405	227,905	190	115	80	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	125	85	40
Bachelor's degree	239,785	112,440	127,345	95	60	35	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	80	60	15
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	42,855	19,650	23,205	20	10	10	430,875	179,230	251,645	15	0	10
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	10,470	4,595	5,875	0	0	0	167,730	75,120	92,615	0	0	0
Master's degree	121,575	59,570	62,010	55	30	25	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	35	20	10
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20,630	11,160	9,475	15	15	0	209,445	115,530	93,915	0	0	0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	285	175	115	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	425	245	180
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	509,755	255,010	254,740	25	15	10	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	165	110	60
Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	10	0	15	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	10	0	0
13. Education	47,580	11,515	36,060	10	0	15	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	63,605	30,650	32,955	50	20	25	631,255	274,065	357,190	40	30	15
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	7,690	5,340	2,350	0	0	0	74,785	53,390	21,395	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	55,915	25,310	30,600	50	20	25	556,470	220,680	335,790	40	30	15
Humanities	69,055	27,655	41,405	35	35	0	926,560	354,120	572,440	15	0	10
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	13,280	3,420	9,860	10	10	0	106,345	23,460	82,885	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	7,005	2,310	4,695	0	0	0	184,600	53,020	131,580	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	24,785	10,755	14,030	0	0	0	316,050	119,215	196,830	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	750	270	485	0	0	0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	4,470	2,710	1,765	0	0	0	57,745	33,040	24,700	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,895	1,240	655	0	0	0	77,510	46,140	31,365	0	0	0
54. History	5,890	3,170	2,720	0	0	0	108,935	58,310	50,620	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10,980	3,785	7,195	10	10	0	56,440	14,090	42,345	10	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	135,105	49,230	85,875	45	20	25	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	50	15	35
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,930	580	1,345	0	0	0	29,430	7,065	22,365	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	21,825	7,570	14,260	0	0	0	233,400	88,205	145,200	15	0	10
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	16,140	1,820	14,315	10	0	10	344,150	27,905	316,240	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	24,300	9,690	14,610	10	0	10	325,785	115,335	210,445	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	3,725	1,115	2,610	0	0	0	49,855	16,000	33,850	0	0	0
42. Psychology	18,040	4,375	13,670	10	0	10	327,965	79,295	248,665	10	0	10
45. Social sciences	49,145	24,080	25,070	15	15	0	705,540	336,960	368,580	20	10	10
Business, management and public administration	212,570	93,910	118,660	50	30	20	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	35	20	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	195	110	85	0	0	0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	10,270	2,590	7,675	0	0	0	272,240	55,995	216,245	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	202,105	91,205	110,895	50	30	20	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	35	20	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	48,295	25,025	23,270	0	0	0	719,715	353,540	366,175	10	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	19,755	8,140	11,615	0	0	0	297,055	121,615	175,435	10	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	7,970	4,260	3,710	0	0	0	155,955	72,245	83,705	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	4,885	2,495	2,400	0	0	0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	14,030	9,170	4,855	0	0	0	196,620	130,745	65,875	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,650	965	690	0	0	0	34,710	13,985	20,730	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	58,555	41,475	17,080	25	20	10	804,230	531,435	272,795	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	47,925	35,890	12,030	25	20	10	643,145	454,370	188,775	10	10	0
25. Library science	3,205	810	2,400	0	0	0	43,085	7,100	35,985	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	6,060	3,785	2,280	0	0	0	99,360	57,560	41,800	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	1,365	995	375	0	0	0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	153,375	127,040	26,335	20	20	0	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	45	35	10
04. Architecture and related services	11,945	6,400	5,550	0	0	0	135,020	81,930	53,090	10	10	0
14. Engineering	67,700	52,785	14,915	20	20	0	900,475	723,080	177,395	25	15	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	24,350	20,890	3,460	0	0	0	726,155	638,355	87,800	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	580	190	390	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	19,805	18,840	970	0	0	0	703,905	683,060	20,845	10	10	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	18,350	17,680	675	0	0	0	659,480	640,895	18,590	0	0	0
48. Precision production	11,150	10,425	725	0	0	0	380,505	363,710	16,795	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	10,155	5,040	5,115	0	0	0	407,545	234,360	173,175	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	6,670	3,340	3,330	0	0	0	262,580	140,520	122,070	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,490	1,700	1,785	0	0	0	144,960	93,845	51,115	0	0	0
Health and related fields	106,500	26,315	80,185	15	10	0	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	30	10	20
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	6,050	3,110	2,945	0	0	0	180,785	89,005	91,780	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	95,775	20,920	74,855	15	10	0	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	30	10	20
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	170	75	100	0	0	0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	4,505	2,215	2,290	0	0	0	64,030	34,630	29,400	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	38,585	20,835	17,750	0	0	0	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	24,500	9,050	15,445	0	0	0	548,520	151,115	397,410	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	3,965	3,520	445	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	160	160	0	0	0	0	6,900	6,210	690	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	6,385	4,920	1,465	0	0	0	227,835	160,930	66,905	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	7,525	6,685	840	0	0	0	219,205	199,190	20,010	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	165	45	120	0	0	0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0	0	0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	981,205	492,180	489,025	265	160	105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	290	175	115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	243,690	132,500	111,190	20	15	0	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	95	50	45
Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	15	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	10	0	0
13. Education	33,780	8,105	25,675	15	0	10	742,175	158,185	583,990	10	0	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	50,935	25,035	25,900	50	15	25	490,455	210,500	279,955	35	20	10
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	6,360	4,440	1,920	0	0	0	54,645	38,170	16,475	0	0	0
50. Visual and performing arts	44,575	20,595	23,980	50	15	25	435,815	172,330	263,480	35	20	10
Humanities	46,970	18,990	27,980	35	35	0	649,695	241,235	408,465	0	0	0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10,150	2,655	7,500	10	10	0	79,235	16,400	62,835	0	0	0
23. English language and literature/letters	5,430	1,810	3,620	0	0	0	134,815	37,610	97,210	0	0	0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	14,680	6,710	7,965	0	0	0	216,725	80,505	136,220	0	0	0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	530	180	345	0	0	0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0	0	0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	3,255	1,965	1,290	0	0	0	41,640	23,645	17,990	0	0	0
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,090	765	325	0	0	0	48,920	29,245	19,675	0	0	0
54. History	4,355	2,340	2,015	0	0	0	78,415	40,800	37,615	0	0	0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	7,470	2,560	4,910	10	10	0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0	0	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	106,455	38,085	68,370	40	15	30	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	40	15	20
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	1,550	480	1,065	0	0	0	23,895	5,520	18,370	0	0	0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	18,665	6,420	12,245	0	0	0	196,475	72,125	124,350	10	0	0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	12,815	1,340	11,475	10	0	10	270,970	20,095	250,875	0	0	0
22. Legal professions and studies	19,485	7,385	12,100	10	0	10	261,265	82,850	178,420	10	0	0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	2,760	840	1,925	0	0	0	37,830	12,160	25,670	0	0	0
42. Psychology	13,520	3,205	10,310	10	0	0	249,205	55,840	193,365	0	0	0
45. Social sciences	37,670	18,415	19,255	10	10	0	549,090	254,250	294,840	10	10	0
Business, management and public administration	173,115	76,040	97,075	45	30	15	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	30	25	15
30.16 Accounting and computer science	165	90	65	0	0	0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0	0	0
44. Public administration and social service professions	8,055	2,070	5,980	0	0	0	213,140	40,230	172,910	0	0	0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	164,900	73,875	91,030	45	30	15	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	30	25	15
Physical and life sciences and technologies	32,990	16,980	16,010	0	0	0	513,555	241,780	271,785	0	0	0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	16,185	6,735	9,450	0	0	0	227,460	90,390	137,075	0	0	0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	3,955	2,115	1,840	0	0	0	108,350	48,075	60,280	0	0	0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	1,310	725	585	0	0	0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0	0	0
40. Physical sciences	10,390	6,710	3,680	0	0	0	140,510	88,540	51,970	0	0	0
41. Science technologies/technicians	1,150	700	450	0	0	0	22,960	9,090	13,870	0	0	0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	48,495	34,620	13,875	25	20	0	667,305	445,970	221,330	10	10	0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	40,770	30,640	10,130	25	20	0	554,185	392,835	161,350	10	10	0
25. Library science	2,310	595	1,715	0	0	0	27,610	4,720	22,885	0	0	0
27. Mathematics and statistics	4,525	2,760	1,765	0	0	0	70,940	39,000	31,940	0	0	0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	890	625	265	0	0	0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0	0	0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	123,175	100,630	22,545	10	10	0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	40	35	0
04. Architecture and related services	10,010	5,255	4,750	0	0	0	105,845	61,230	44,605	10	10	0
14. Engineering	57,935	44,795	13,135	10	10	0	724,235	568,385	155,850	20	20	0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	18,540	15,920	2,620	0	0	0	536,600	464,510	72,090	0	0	0
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	65	25	45	0	0	0	510	160	350	0	0	0
46. Construction trades	15,040	14,235	805	0	0	0	510,105	493,000	17,100	0	0	0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	13,695	13,120	575	0	0	0	467,225	452,385	14,840	0	0	0
48. Precision production	7,890	7,285	605	0	0	0	266,690	253,110	13,585	0	0	0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	8,675	4,150	4,525	0	0	0	314,120	170,440	143,680	10	0	0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	5,650	2,705	2,950	0	0	0	199,335	99,700	99,635	10	0	0
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,020	1,445	1,575	0	0	0	114,780	70,745	44,040	0	0	0
Health and related fields	82,510	20,560	61,950	15	10	0	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	15	0	15
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	30	0	0	0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	4,900	2,500	2,395	0	0	0	139,280	67,885	71,385	0	0	0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	73,950	16,430	57,525	15	10	0	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	15	0	15
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	145	50	95	0	0	0	4,430	945	3,485	0	0	0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	3,510	1,570	1,940	0	0	0	48,115	23,255	24,860	0	0	0
Personal, protective and transportation services	30,275	16,455	13,825	0	0	0	772,450	399,835	372,615	0	0	0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	19,020	6,985	12,035	0	0	0	414,520	112,935	301,590	0	0	0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0	0	0	2,955	2,575	375	0	0	0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	95	95	0	0	0	0	3,850	3,415	435	0	0	0
43. Security and protective services	5,050	3,915	1,135	0	0	0	183,025	128,295	54,725	0	0	0
49. Transportation and materials moving	6,095	5,435	655	0	0	0	168,105	152,620	15,485	0	0	0
Other¹⁷⁹	135	30	105	0	0	0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0	0	0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	981,205	492,180	489,025	265	160	105	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	290	175	115
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	243,690	132,500	111,190	20	15	0	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	95	50	45
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	737,515	359,685	377,835	250	150	100	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	195	125	70
Location of study inside Canada	529,195	254,400	274,795	180	110	70	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	165	100	65
Same as province or territory of residence	503,230	241,010	262,225	160	95	65	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	145	85	60
Different than province or territory of residence	25,965	13,390	12,570	25	15	10	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	25	15	10
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	208,320	105,280	103,040	60	40	25	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	30	25	0
Americas	36,730	18,600	18,130	15	0	10	483,810	238,040	245,775	0	0	0
United States of America	10,760	6,075	4,690	0	0	0	279,005	143,575	135,435	0	0	0
Mexico	4,800	2,245	2,555	0	0	0	36,400	16,175	20,230	0	0	0
Cuba	1,340	685	660	0	0	0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0	0	0
Haiti	5,065	2,775	2,295	0	0	0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0	0	0
Jamaica	110	70	45	0	0	0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0	0	0
Brazil	3,765	1,800	1,960	0	0	0	40,050	18,445	21,605	0	0	0
Colombia	3,560	1,695	1,870	0	0	0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0	0	0
Peru	1,375	580	795	0	0	0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0	0	0
Venezuela⁹⁵	1,680	680	995	0	0	0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Americas	4,265	1,995	2,270	10	0	10	45,000	21,575	23,425	0	0	0
Europe	68,060	36,130	31,930	35	25	10	543,725	281,205	262,520	15	15	0
Belgium	1,775	910	865	0	0	0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0	0	0
France	41,640	22,775	18,860	25	10	10	97,770	53,930	43,840	10	10	0
Germany	1,035	560	475	0	0	0	22,450	12,070	10,380	0	0	0
Netherlands	465	260	205	0	0	0	10,825	6,065	4,765	0	0	0
Switzerland	965	570	400	0	0	0	8,470	4,420	4,050	0	0	0
Hungary	195	105	95	0	0	0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0	0	0
Moldova¹⁸³	1,825	870	955	0	0	0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0	0	0
Poland	815	285	530	0	0	0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0	0	0
Romania	3,250	1,665	1,585	0	0	0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0	0	0
Russian Federation	2,410	1,105	1,305	0	0	0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0	0	0
Ukraine	2,045	895	1,150	0	0	0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0	0	0
Ireland⁹⁶	285	190	95	0	0	0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0	0	0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,680	2,520	2,160	0	0	0	151,900	81,980	69,920	0	0	0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	130	75	55	0	0	0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0	0	0
Italy	1,325	760	565	0	0	0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0	0	0
Serbia⁸⁶	115	40	75	0	0	0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Europe	5,105	2,535	2,570	0	0	0	60,615	30,055	30,560	0	0	0
Africa	48,445	25,700	22,745	10	0	0	216,815	111,010	105,805	0	0	0
Nigeria	1,230	655	575	0	0	0	33,280	16,395	16,880	0	0	0
Algeria	19,210	9,980	9,230	0	0	0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0	0	0
Morocco	9,515	4,945	4,575	0	0	0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0	0	0
Tunisia	4,555	2,570	1,990	0	0	0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0	0	0
Egypt	3,025	1,615	1,410	0	0	0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0	0	0
South Africa, Republic of	250	110	145	0	0	0	19,060	9,900	9,160	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Africa	10,660	5,840	4,825	0	0	0	64,700	33,325	31,385	0	0	0
Asia	53,780	24,120	29,655	0	0	0	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	10	10	0
Iran⁸⁸	5,230	2,440	2,790	0	0	0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0	0	0
Iraq	330	180	150	0	0	0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0	0	0
Israel	520	285	235	0	0	0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0	0	0
Lebanon	4,185	2,105	2,075	0	0	0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0	0	0
Syria⁸⁹	3,120	1,480	1,640	0	0	0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0	0	0
Turkey	695	400	295	0	0	0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0	0	0
China⁹⁰	9,950	4,420	5,540	0	0	0	201,100	87,370	113,720	0	0	0
Taiwan	365	150	220	0	0	0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0	0	0
Hong Kong⁹¹	230	110	120	0	0	0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0	0	0
Japan	800	300	500	0	0	0	18,605	5,280	13,325	0	0	0
Korea, South⁹²	1,265	435	825	0	0	0	53,575	20,575	33,000	0	0	0
Philippines	8,890	2,860	6,030	0	0	0	305,795	115,370	190,420	0	0	0
Viet Nam	1,125	415	710	0	0	0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0	0	0
Bangladesh	2,020	1,065	955	0	0	0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0	0	0
Sri Lanka	645	240	410	0	0	0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0	0	0
India	9,500	4,925	4,575	0	0	0	405,850	199,380	206,475	0	0	0
Pakistan	1,165	575	590	0	0	0	75,155	35,055	40,100	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Asia	3,745	1,750	1,995	0	0	0	64,385	28,650	35,735	0	0	0
Oceania	1,305	730	575	0	0	0	47,960	24,495	23,460	0	0	0
Australia	1,095	610	490	0	0	0	38,525	19,270	19,250	0	0	0
New Zealand	165	100	70	0	0	0	7,785	4,300	3,485	0	0	0
Other locations of study in Oceania	50	25	20	0	0	0	1,655	930	730	0	0	0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	1,453,295	713,745	739,550	290	175	115	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	430	245	185
In the labour force	959,135	498,125	461,010	250	150	100	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	310	170	135
Employed	859,920	445,255	414,665	230	140	90	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	255	130	125
Unemployed	99,210	52,870	46,345	20	15	10	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	55	40	15
Not in the labour force	494,165	215,620	278,540	35	25	10	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	120	75	45
Participation rate	66.0	69.8	62.3	86.2	85.7	87.0	63.7	67.7	59.8	72.1	69.4	73.0
Employment rate	59.2	62.4	56.1	79.3	80.0	78.3	57.1	60.9	53.4	59.3	53.1	67.6
Unemployment rate	10.3	10.6	10.1	8.0	10.0	10.0	10.3	9.9	10.7	17.7	23.5	11.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	1,453,300	713,750	739,550	285	175	115	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	425	245	180
Did not work¹⁸⁶	508,670	222,700	285,970	40	25	10	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	140	85	60
Worked	944,630	491,050	453,580	250	150	100	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	285	165	125
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	464,805	252,405	212,400	120	80	40	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	150	85	65
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	479,820	238,645	241,180	130	70	60	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	135	75	55
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.7	40.1	39.2	39.8	40.8	38.4	41.0	41.7	40.3	38.4	38.6	38.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	959,130	498,125	461,010	250	150	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	305	170	135
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	20	15	0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	250	150	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	290	150	135
Employee	811,850	411,090	400,750	225	140	90	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	240	125	115
Permanent position	661,995	340,865	321,135	180	120	65	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	190	90	105
Temporary position	149,850	70,230	79,620	45	20	25	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	45	35	10
Fixed term (1 year or more)	63,645	28,710	34,935	15	0	10	867,740	386,965	480,775	10	10	0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	86,205	41,520	44,685	30	15	15	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	35	20	10
Self-employed¹⁹²	118,725	73,050	45,670	25	10	10	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	50	30	20
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	959,130	498,125	461,010	250	150	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	305	170	135
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	20	15	0
All occupations¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	250	150	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	290	150	135
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	14,540	10,000	4,545	0	0	0	254,760	177,450	77,315	0	0	0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	180,355	69,570	110,785	50	35	15	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	55	30	20
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	101,555	76,005	25,555	30	20	15	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	40	25	20
3 Health occupations	75,605	18,730	56,870	25	15	15	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	20	10	10
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	124,755	41,025	83,730	40	15	25	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	50	20	25
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	56,870	29,555	27,310	40	30	15	596,785	275,420	321,360	40	20	20
6 Sales and service occupations	234,485	120,480	114,005	50	35	15	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	60	30	30
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	98,535	89,140	9,395	0	0	0	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	15	15	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	5,025	3,855	1,170	0	0	0	541,235	416,960	124,270	15	0	10
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	38,850	25,795	13,060	0	0	0	857,540	612,415	245,120	0	0	0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	959,130	498,125	461,010	250	150	100	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	305	170	135
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	28,560	13,975	14,585	0	0	0	486,865	237,950	248,915	20	15	0
All industries¹⁹¹	930,570	484,150	446,425	250	150	100	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	290	150	135
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,920	1,730	1,185	0	0	0	434,800	295,160	139,640	0	0	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,195	805	390	0	0	0	239,030	195,605	43,425	0	0	0
22 Utilities	5,150	3,245	1,905	0	0	0	147,750	109,475	38,270	0	0	0
23 Construction	33,445	28,300	5,150	0	0	0	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	0	0	0
31-33 Manufacturing	76,115	51,395	24,725	0	0	0	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	10	0	0
41 Wholesale trade	33,845	20,380	13,470	0	0	0	610,295	406,960	203,335	25	15	10
44-45 Retail trade	98,705	49,745	48,960	25	25	0	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	15	10	10
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	49,075	38,320	10,755	10	0	0	981,030	742,515	238,515	0	0	0
51 Information and cultural industries	40,020	24,295	15,730	15	15	0	400,460	237,940	162,520	0	0	0
52 Finance and insurance	47,065	23,830	23,235	20	20	0	815,225	358,145	457,080	0	0	0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	16,780	9,730	7,045	0	0	0	343,940	186,230	157,710	0	0	0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	113,755	65,950	47,800	45	20	25	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	75	50	25
55 Management of companies and enterprises	1,720	850	875	0	0	0	45,455	21,495	23,955	0	0	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	45,325	27,460	17,860	10	0	0	792,600	457,880	334,725	0	0	0
61 Educational services	84,380	31,030	53,350	35	15	25	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	25	15	10
62 Health care and social assistance	128,175	32,195	95,980	30	20	10	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	25	10	25
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	20,970	10,860	10,105	15	10	0	350,710	180,205	170,500	0	0	0
72 Accommodation and food services	53,745	29,185	24,555	20	15	0	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	10	0	10
81 Other services (except public administration)	39,595	16,105	23,490	15	0	15	797,935	373,775	424,165	15	0	15
91 Public administration	38,595	18,740	19,850	10	0	0	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	20	15	0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	265	150	105	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	310	170	135
English	161,015	89,010	72,005	25	10	15	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	60	35	25
French	399,340	197,680	201,660	95	50	50	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	60	40	20
Non-official language	7,340	3,600	3,735	0	0	0	169,205	89,515	79,685	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0	0	0	6,935	3,590	3,345	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	7,330	3,600	3,725	0	0	0	162,265	85,925	76,345	0	0	0
English and French	405,305	214,915	190,385	135	85	45	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	190	95	90
English and non-official language(s)	10,790	6,090	4,695	0	0	0	570,220	291,000	279,220	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	7,145	3,405	3,745	0	0	0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25,465	12,730	12,735	10	10	0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	420	260	160	0	0	0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0	0	0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	265	150	105	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	310	170	135
Single responses	908,980	471,095	437,880	245	145	100	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	285	160	115
Official languages	895,835	464,520	431,315	245	145	100	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	285	160	115
English	286,010	155,790	130,215	65	40	25	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	115	65	50
French	609,825	308,725	301,095	180	100	75	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	170	95	70
Non-official languages	13,145	6,580	6,565	0	0	0	310,455	161,825	148,635	0	0	0
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	20	0	0	0	19,435	9,725	9,710	0	0	0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0	0	0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	35	25	0	0	0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0	0	0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,015	585	430	0	0	0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0	0	0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	110	65	40	0	0	0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	765	385	385	0	0	0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	40	0	0	0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	190	110	85	0	0	0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0	0	0	140	80	65	0	0	0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0	0	0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,955	875	1,075	0	0	0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	80	80	0	0	0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	835	435	400	0	0	0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0	0	0	825	430	395	0	0	0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,585	830	755	0	0	0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0	0	0	875	490	385	0	0	0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	695	340	355	0	0	0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	25	10	0	0	0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	610	295	320	0	0	0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	895	410	480	0	0	0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	890	410	475	0	0	0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	535	255	280	0	0	0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	70	90	0	0	0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	15	0	0	0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	100	45	55	0	0	0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0	0	0	130	75	55	0	0	0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	25	0	0	0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Haida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	20	0	0	0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Inuktitut	15	0	15	0	0	0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0	0	0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Oneida	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Michif	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	10	0	0	0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	125	50	80	0	0	0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	0	25	0	0	0
Squamish	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Straits	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Dakota	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Stoney	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	15	30	0	0	0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	0	35	0	0	0
Haisla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,120	6,580	6,545	0	0	0	291,025	152,095	138,925	0	0	0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,295	720	575	0	0	0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0	0	0
Berber languages	20	15	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Kabyle	20	15	0	0	0	0	30	20	10	0	0	0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Coptic	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	415	185	235	0	0	0
Bilen	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Oromo	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	15	0	0	0
Somali	0	0	0	0	0	0	365	155	210	0	0	0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Semitic languages	1,275	710	570	0	0	0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0	0	0
Amharic	0	0	0	0	0	0	215	95	120	0	0	0
Arabic	1,190	670	520	0	0	0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0	0	0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	460	325	130	0	0	0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	330	240	90	0	0	0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	70	25	0	0	0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	20	20	0	0	0
Hebrew	70	30	40	0	0	0	585	240	340	0	0	0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0	0	0	325	165	160	0	0	0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	10	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,220	535	685	0	0	0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0	0	0
Khmer (Cambodian)	175	70	100	0	0	0	495	215	285	0	0	0
Vietnamese	1,045	460	585	0	0	0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0	0	0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	15	0	0	0	0
Austronesian languages	120	60	55	0	0	0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0	0	0
Bikol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	15	25	0	0	0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	45	50	0	0	0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Ilocano	10	10	0	0	0	0	165	90	70	0	0	0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0	0	0	170	90	80	0	0	0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Malay	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	90	50	45	0	0	0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0	0	0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0	0	0	50	30	20	0	0	0
Creole languages	210	95	110	0	0	0	390	185	210	0	0	0
Haitian Creole	210	95	110	0	0	0	375	170	205	0	0	0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Dravidian languages	80	25	55	0	0	0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0	0	0
Kannada	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	10	0	0	0
Malayalam	10	0	10	0	0	0	250	140	110	0	0	0
Tamil	75	25	45	0	0	0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0	0	0
Telugu	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	55	0	0	0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Georgian	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	45	35	0	0	0
Indo-European languages	6,260	3,210	3,055	0	0	0	112,395	64,055	48,335	0	0	0
Albanian	10	0	0	0	0	0	315	170	140	0	0	0
Armenian	80	60	25	0	0	0	530	295	235	0	0	0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0	0	0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	95	15	75	0	0	0
Latvian	0	0	0	0	0	0	50	10	35	0	0	0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	10	40	0	0	0
Slavic languages	550	180	370	0	0	0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0	0	0
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0	0	0	145	55	90	0	0	0
Czech	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	50	55	0	0	0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	75	60	15	0	0	0
Polish	90	30	65	0	0	0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0	0	0
Russian	385	130	250	0	0	0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	0	0	0	0	835	485	355	0	0	0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	40	0	0	0
Croatian	0	0	0	0	0	0	155	95	65	0	0	0
Serbian	0	0	0	0	0	0	555	310	245	0	0	0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Slovak	0	0	0	0	0	0	40	10	25	0	0	0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	0	0	0	0	0
Ukrainian	35	10	25	0	0	0	1,265	620	650	0	0	0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	30	30	0	0	0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0	0	0	55	25	30	0	0	0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Germanic languages	825	405	425	0	0	0	14,250	8,060	6,190	0	0	0
Frisian	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
High German languages	790	385	405	0	0	0	10,480	5,695	4,790	0	0	0
German	95	65	35	0	0	0	6,615	3,655	2,970	0	0	0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0	0	0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0	0	0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0	0	0	255	115	135	0	0	0
Yiddish	695	325	375	0	0	0	1,050	520	530	0	0	0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	10	0	0	0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0	0	0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	40	0	0	0
Dutch	10	0	10	0	0	0	965	515	440	0	0	0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0	0	0	560	420	140	0	0	0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0	0	0	1,940	1,275	670	0	0	0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0	0	0	190	100	85	0	0	0
Danish	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	15	0	0	0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	20	0	0	0	0
Norwegian	10	0	0	0	0	0	55	30	25	0	0	0
Swedish	15	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Greek	175	55	120	0	0	0	875	445	430	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	935	755	0	0	0	55,455	32,965	22,490	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,405	760	650	0	0	0	48,020	28,910	19,100	0	0	0
Bengali	85	25	55	0	0	0	645	290	355	0	0	0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0	0	0	1,115	515	600	0	0	0
Hindi	120	55	60	0	0	0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0	0	0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Marathi	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	0	15	0	0	0
Nepali	0	0	0	0	0	0	275	125	145	0	0	0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	615	465	0	0	0	40,840	25,480	15,365	0	0	0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	0	20	0	0	0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	105	80	25	0	0	0
Urdu	100	55	45	0	0	0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0	0	0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Iranian languages	285	175	110	0	0	0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0	0	0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0	0	0	175	145	35	0	0	0
Pashto	25	20	0	0	0	0	130	70	60	0	0	0
Persian languages	255	150	105	0	0	0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0	0	0
Dari	20	10	10	0	0	0	800	445	360	0	0	0
Iranian Persian	225	130	95	0	0	0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0	0	0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0	0	0	595	400	195	0	0	0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,925	1,575	1,355	0	0	0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0	0	0
Catalan	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	0	0	0	0
Italian	310	160	150	0	0	0	1,625	730	900	0	0	0
Portuguese	245	90	155	0	0	0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0	0	0
Romanian	80	50	30	0	0	0	680	375	310	0	0	0
Spanish	2,290	1,265	1,025	0	0	0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0	0	0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	35	10	0	0	0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	20	0	0	0
Japanese	125	25	105	0	0	0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0	0	0
Korean	240	100	145	0	0	0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0	0	0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0	0	0	410	210	200	0	0	0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	20	0	0	0
Edo	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Ga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Igbo	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	15	10	0	0	0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	10	0	0	0
Lingala	15	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	0	0	0	0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	15	10	0	0	0
Shona	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Swahili	10	10	0	0	0	0	150	95	55	0	0	0
Wolof	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0	0	0	65	20	45	0	0	0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	10	20	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Dinka	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	15	0	0	0
Sign languages	85	30	55	0	0	0	2,010	795	1,210	0	0	0
American Sign Language	15	10	10	0	0	0	1,590	620	970	0	0	0
Quebec Sign Language	60	20	40	0	0	0	285	110	180	0	0	0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	65	65	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	128,375	64,180	64,190	0	0	0
Chinese languages	3,325	1,700	1,635	0	0	0	128,045	63,990	64,055	0	0	0
Hakka	0	0	0	0	0	0	45	25	25	0	0	0
Mandarin	2,100	1,110	995	0	0	0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0	0	0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	20	20	0	0	0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	40	0	0	0	485	210	270	0	0	0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	10	15	0	0	0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,140	550	590	0	0	0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0	0	0
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0	0	0	460	240	220	0	0	0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	295	175	125	0	0	0
Burmese	0	0	0	0	0	0	60	40	20	0	0	0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0	0	0	135	85	50	0	0	0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0	0	0	120	80	45	0	0	0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	10	10	0	0	0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	45	45	0	0	0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	10	15	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0	0	0	765	310	450	0	0	0
Lao	0	0	0	0	0	0	80	30	50	0	0	0
Thai	15	0	10	0	0	0	670	275	395	0	0	0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	15	0	10	0	0	0
Turkic languages	85	45	30	0	0	0	1,345	695	650	0	0	0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0	0	0	35	15	25	0	0	0
Turkish	80	50	30	0	0	0	1,270	660	615	0	0	0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0	0	0	30	20	15	0	0	0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	10	0	0	0	0
Uralic languages	15	0	15	0	0	0	485	215	270	0	0	0
Estonian	0	0	0	0	0	0	70	15	50	0	0	0
Finnish	0	0	0	0	0	0	90	25	65	0	0	0
Hungarian	15	0	10	0	0	0	330	170	160	0	0	0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	15	10	0	0	0
Multiple responses	107,830	56,590	51,240	20	15	0	453,880	231,205	222,675	30	10	20
English and French	99,075	52,050	47,030	20	15	0	321,975	163,305	158,675	30	10	20
English and non-official language(s)	3,105	1,760	1,350	0	0	0	115,955	60,210	55,745	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	2,345	1,085	1,255	0	0	0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	3,255	1,680	1,575	0	0	0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	45	10	35	0	0	0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0	0	0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	1,016,810	527,690	489,125	265	150	105	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	310	170	135
None	667,690	342,985	324,705	135	70	70	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	150	80	60
English	201,200	106,725	94,480	80	50	35	902,625	474,755	427,875	110	55	50
French	115,950	61,585	54,365	35	25	10	589,755	288,955	300,800	55	35	25
Non-official language	14,925	7,790	7,135	0	0	0	331,375	168,035	163,335	0	0	0
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0	0	0	18,190	7,740	10,450	0	0	0
Non-Indigenous	14,860	7,770	7,095	0	0	0	313,185	160,295	152,885	0	0	0
English and French	1,155	540	610	0	0	0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0	0	0
English and non-official language(s)	8,605	4,110	4,490	0	0	0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0	0	0
French and non-official language(s)	5,480	2,970	2,510	0	0	0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0	0	0
English, French and non-official language(s)	165	85	80	0	0	0	360	210	150	0	0	0
Multiple non-official languages	1,645	895	745	0	0	0	50,740	25,425	25,315	0	0	0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	859,920	445,255	414,665	235	135	90	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	255	130	125
Worked at home	260,415	132,065	128,355	95	55	35	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	100	60	45
Worked outside Canada	2,775	1,725	1,045	0	0	0	58,335	40,295	18,035	0	0	0
No fixed workplace address	81,290	57,160	24,130	20	15	0	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	25	10	20
Usual place of work	515,440	254,310	261,130	115	70	45	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	130	70	60
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	515,440	254,310	261,135	120	70	50	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	130	65	60
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	413,515	195,935	217,580	115	70	45	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	100	50	50
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	46,495	24,705	21,790	0	0	0	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	10	10	0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	53,810	32,610	21,200	0	0	0	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	15	10	10
Commute to a different province or territory	1,620	1,060	565	0	0	0	98,060	60,210	37,850	0	0	0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	596,730	311,465	285,265	135	80	55	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	150	75	80
Car, truck or van	338,295	197,990	140,305	25	15	15	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	95	45	45
Car, truck or van - as a driver	313,045	188,685	124,360	20	10	10	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	75	45	35
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	25,245	9,300	15,940	10	0	0	844,155	343,100	501,050	20	0	10
Public transit	169,380	71,050	98,330	50	35	10	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	50	25	30
Walked	57,390	24,650	32,735	10	10	10	672,815	296,610	376,205	0	0	0
Bicycle	20,425	11,990	8,430	40	30	15	138,615	92,195	46,415	0	0	0
Other method	11,255	5,785	5,470	0	0	0	285,820	144,225	141,595	0	0	0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	596,730	311,465	285,265	135	80	55	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	150	75	80
Less than 15 minutes	106,580	52,520	54,070	30	15	10	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	35	10	30
15 to 29 minutes	211,950	113,835	98,115	55	35	25	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	85	55	30
30 to 44 minutes	161,385	87,950	73,435	20	10	10	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	15	0	15
45 to 59 minutes	62,880	30,620	32,255	15	10	0	910,610	542,485	368,125	0	0	0
60 minutes and over	53,935	26,540	27,400	10	10	0	926,120	599,115	327,005	15	10	0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	596,730	311,465	285,265	135	80	55	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	150	75	80
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	35,870	26,330	9,540	0	0	0	938,820	701,960	236,865	0	0	0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	86,515	50,895	35,625	0	0	0	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	45	35	15
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	147,765	69,890	77,880	40	20	20	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	20	10	15
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	130,185	59,500	70,680	45	30	15	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	30	0	25
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	93,190	44,255	48,935	25	15	10	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	25	10	15
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	103,205	60,595	42,610	20	15	0	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	20	10	0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	321,810	164,440	157,375	30	25	5	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	90	45	45
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	80,715	41,690	39,030	5	5	0	897,205	456,120	441,085	30	15	15
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	241,095	122,750	118,345	30	20	5	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	60	30	30
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	226,825	115,930	110,890	20	15	10	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	65	35	30
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60,615	31,295	29,320	0	0	0	682,190	346,420	335,770	20	10	10
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	48,760	25,220	23,545	5	5	0	467,685	234,475	233,215	15	5	10
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	11,855	6,080	5,775	0	0	0	214,500	111,950	102,550	5	5	0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	166,210	84,635	81,575	15	5	10	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	45	20	20

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 29, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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