Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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Age
Age characteristics
Commuting
Select all: Commuting
Commuting destination
Commuting duration
Main mode of commuting
Place of work status
Time leaving for work
Education
Select all: Education
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Ethnocultural and religious diversity
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Ethnic or cultural origin
Religion
Visible minority
Families, households, and marital status
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Family characteristics
Household type
Marital status
Housing
Household characteristics
Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Select all: Immigration, place of birth, and citizenship
Admission category and applicant type
Age at immigration
Citizenship
Generation status
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Pre-admission experience
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Income
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Income of economic families in 2020
Income of households in 2020
Income of individuals in 2019
Income of individuals in 2020
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Indigenous peoples
Select all: Indigenous peoples
Indigenous ancestry
Indigenous population
Instruction in the minority official language
Select all: Instruction in the minority official language
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Labour
Select all: Labour
Class of worker including job permanency
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Labour force status
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Work activity during the reference year
Language
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All languages spoken at home
First official language spoken
Knowledge of languages
Knowledge of official languages
Language spoken most often at home
Mother tongue
Other language spoken regularly at home
Language of work
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All languages used at work
Language used most often at work
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Mobility and migration
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Mobility status 1 year ago
Mobility status 5 years ago
Population and dwelling counts
Population and dwellings
Type of dwelling
Household and dwelling characteristics
GenderMore information:


Statistic:
Characteristic Montréal, Ville (V)More information:
Quebec
[Census subdivision]
 Remove		 24660905More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 CanadaMore information:

[Country]
 Remove		 24660818More information:
Quebec
[Dissemination area]
 Remove		 ManitobaMore information:

[Province]
 Remove
Counts Counts Counts Counts Counts
Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋ Total Men＋ Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 20211 1,762,949 ... ... 684 ... ... 36,991,981 ... ... 749 ... ... 1,342,153 ... ...
Population, 20161 1,704,694 ... ... ... ... ... 35,151,728 ... ... ... ... ... 1,278,365 ... ...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021 3.4 ... ... ... ... ... 5.2 ... ... ... ... ... 5.0 ... ...
Total private dwellings2 878,542 ... ... 308 ... ... 16,284,235 ... ... 372 ... ... 571,528 ... ...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents3 816,338 ... ... 291 ... ... 14,978,941 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,054 ... ...
Population density per square kilometre 4,833.5 ... ... 12,324.3 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 1,373.8 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Land area in square kilometres 364.74 ... ... 0.06 ... ... 8,788,702.80 ... ... 0.55 ... ... 540,310.19 ... ...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data 1,762,950 867,975 894,980 685 325 355 36,991,980 18,226,240 18,765,740 750 390 360 1,342,150 666,490 675,660
0 to 14 years 270,430 138,255 132,170 125 70 50 6,012,795 3,086,510 2,926,285 140 70 70 252,935 129,850 123,085
0 to 4 years 88,670 45,335 43,335 40 25 15 1,831,195 938,790 892,405 50 25 25 80,435 41,145 39,290
5 to 9 years 93,325 47,700 45,620 40 25 15 2,054,900 1,054,240 1,000,655 40 20 20 86,250 44,515 41,735
10 to 14 years 88,435 45,220 43,215 45 20 20 2,126,705 1,093,480 1,033,225 50 25 30 86,250 44,190 42,060
15 to 64 years 1,197,045 603,075 593,965 440 200 245 23,957,760 11,915,050 12,042,710 535 285 250 860,165 432,385 427,780
15 to 19 years 82,475 41,675 40,805 40 20 20 2,012,975 1,036,730 976,240 30 15 20 80,905 41,945 38,965
20 to 24 years 125,235 63,220 62,015 45 20 25 2,202,255 1,138,825 1,063,430 70 30 35 91,415 48,255 43,160
25 to 29 years 153,995 77,680 76,315 45 20 25 2,421,510 1,228,135 1,193,370 60 25 30 90,470 46,240 44,230
30 to 34 years 146,855 73,810 73,040 40 20 20 2,518,835 1,252,795 1,266,040 75 35 35 91,805 45,805 46,000
35 to 39 years 135,880 67,835 68,040 55 20 40 2,511,345 1,238,515 1,272,835 70 40 25 90,150 44,695 45,450
40 to 44 years 127,165 63,885 63,285 55 20 30 2,399,405 1,175,875 1,223,530 45 30 15 84,530 41,690 42,840
45 to 49 years 110,130 55,495 54,630 35 20 15 2,304,170 1,129,185 1,174,985 40 25 15 80,235 39,915 40,320
50 to 54 years 105,545 54,115 51,435 50 25 25 2,368,350 1,161,665 1,206,685 55 25 30 78,210 38,715 39,490
55 to 59 years 108,040 55,305 52,730 35 20 20 2,647,330 1,299,975 1,347,350 45 25 20 87,295 43,040 44,255
60 to 64 years 101,725 50,055 51,670 35 15 15 2,571,580 1,253,335 1,318,245 50 30 25 85,155 42,080 43,075
65 years and over 295,475 126,635 168,845 120 55 65 7,021,430 3,224,680 3,796,750 70 35 35 229,050 104,255 124,795
65 to 69 years 85,025 40,115 44,915 40 20 20 2,210,970 1,065,305 1,145,665 35 15 15 73,060 35,565 37,495
70 to 74 years 72,300 32,855 39,445 40 15 15 1,847,585 879,850 967,735 15 10 5 59,955 28,295 31,665
75 to 79 years 52,720 22,645 30,075 20 15 10 1,260,930 589,090 671,845 10 0 10 39,885 18,500 21,385
80 to 84 years 39,395 15,780 23,610 10 5 10 840,545 370,905 469,645 10 5 5 26,890 11,700 15,185
85 years and over 46,035 15,250 30,790 15 5 10 861,395 319,540 541,860 10 5 0 29,255 10,190 19,065
85 to 89 years 27,835 10,185 17,655 10 5 5 525,445 212,735 312,705 5 5 5 17,200 6,610 10,585
90 to 94 years 14,360 4,155 10,205 5 0 5 258,035 87,300 170,735 0 0 0 8,970 2,845 6,125
95 to 99 years 3,375 825 2,560 0 0 0 68,380 17,670 50,715 0 0 0 2,640 650 1,995
100 years and over 465 90 375 0 0 0 9,535 1,830 7,710 0 0 0 445 85 360
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0 to 14 years 15.3 15.9 14.8 18.2 21.5 14.1 16.3 16.9 15.6 18.7 17.9 19.4 18.8 19.5 18.2
15 to 64 years 67.9 69.5 66.4 64.2 61.5 69.0 64.8 65.4 64.2 71.3 73.1 69.4 64.1 64.9 63.3
65 years and over 16.8 14.6 18.9 17.5 16.9 18.3 19.0 17.7 20.2 9.3 9.0 9.7 17.1 15.6 18.5
85 years and over 2.6 1.8 3.4 2.2 1.5 2.8 2.3 1.8 2.9 1.3 1.3 0.0 2.2 1.5 2.8
Average age of the population 40.6 39.5 41.7 39.7 38.4 40.9 41.9 41.0 42.8 36.5 37.4 35.5 39.7 38.7 40.7
Median age of the population 38.8 38.0 39.6 38.8 38.4 39.2 41.6 40.4 42.8 34.8 37.2 32.8 38.4 37.2 39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data 816,340 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Single-detached house 58,065 ... ... 0 ... ... 7,872,310 ... ... 25 ... ... 343,990 ... ...
Semi-detached house 25,740 ... ... 0 ... ... 746,560 ... ... 5 ... ... 18,185 ... ...
Row house 26,175 ... ... 0 ... ... 980,110 ... ... 5 ... ... 19,725 ... ...
Apartment or flat in a duplex 107,565 ... ... 170 ... ... 821,490 ... ... 110 ... ... 7,445 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys 464,420 ... ... 125 ... ... 2,738,020 ... ... 190 ... ... 74,865 ... ...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys 130,615 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,596,155 ... ... 0 ... ... 43,665 ... ...
Other single-attached house 3,350 ... ... 0 ... ... 34,880 ... ... 0 ... ... 600 ... ...
Movable dwelling4 415 ... ... 0 ... ... 189,420 ... ... 0 ... ... 9,590 ... ...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
1 person 341,345 ... ... 110 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 135 ... ... 146,225 ... ...
2 persons 242,175 ... ... 80 ... ... 5,124,800 ... ... 90 ... ... 173,990 ... ...
3 persons 103,550 ... ... 40 ... ... 2,194,825 ... ... 50 ... ... 74,615 ... ...
4 persons 82,715 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,002,455 ... ... 45 ... ... 69,480 ... ...
5 or more persons 46,560 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,260,850 ... ... 20 ... ... 53,740 ... ...
Number of persons in private households 1,723,210 851,575 871,635 685 325 360 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 750 390 360 1,307,185 650,220 656,965
Average household size 2.1 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.4 ... ... 2.2 ... ... 2.5 ... ...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data 1,492,520 729,715 762,810 560 255 305 30,979,185 15,139,730 15,839,460 605 320 285 1,089,215 536,645 552,575
Married or living common-law 705,905 356,290 349,615 255 125 130 17,626,005 8,813,405 8,812,595 255 125 125 616,260 307,545 308,715
Married 475,835 239,100 236,735 220 105 115 13,725,625 6,859,755 6,865,875 170 85 85 515,480 257,300 258,185
Living common-law 230,070 117,190 112,880 35 20 20 3,900,375 1,953,650 1,946,725 80 40 40 100,785 50,250 50,535
Living common law - Never married 196,170 99,370 96,795 30 15 15 2,967,665 1,485,985 1,481,685 65 35 35 75,340 37,700 37,640
Living common law - Separated 2,885 1,655 1,230 0 0 0 123,830 65,045 58,785 0 0 0 4,135 2,140 1,995
Living common law - Divorced 28,550 15,015 13,530 5 0 0 721,715 365,760 355,950 10 5 5 19,035 9,465 9,565
Living common law - Widowed 2,465 1,140 1,320 0 0 0 87,165 36,860 50,300 5 0 0 2,275 940 1,330
Not married and not living common-law 786,615 373,420 413,195 310 135 175 13,353,180 6,326,325 7,026,860 355 190 165 472,955 229,095 243,860
Not married and not living common law - Never married 572,045 304,055 267,990 205 100 115 9,025,865 4,881,410 4,144,455 270 145 125 330,855 181,470 149,385
Not married and not living common law - Separated 31,535 13,590 17,945 15 5 10 741,135 319,045 422,090 20 15 5 24,470 10,900 13,565
Not married and not living common law - Divorced 113,315 41,760 71,560 55 20 35 1,921,880 760,425 1,161,460 50 25 25 57,440 23,780 33,665
Not married and not living common law - Widowed 69,720 14,020 55,700 25 10 20 1,664,295 365,440 1,298,855 15 5 10 60,190 12,945 47,250
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data5 428,615 ... ... 175 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 165 ... ... 359,585 ... ...
2 persons 221,015 ... ... 75 ... ... 5,306,105 ... ... 70 ... ... 179,345 ... ...
3 persons 92,715 ... ... 40 ... ... 2,147,825 ... ... 40 ... ... 73,610 ... ...
4 persons 77,780 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,953,035 ... ... 40 ... ... 67,475 ... ...
5 or more persons 37,105 ... ... 25 ... ... 855,960 ... ... 15 ... ... 39,150 ... ...
Average size of census families 2.9 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 2.9 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ...
Average number of children in census families with children6 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.8 ... ... 1.9 ... ...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data 428,610 ... ... 170 ... ... 10,262,925 ... ... 165 ... ... 359,585 ... ...
Total couple families 338,830 ... ... 120 ... ... 8,576,585 ... ... 120 ... ... 298,295 ... ...
Married couples 223,910 ... ... 105 ... ... 6,627,310 ... ... 80 ... ... 247,900 ... ...
With children6 133,435 ... ... 65 ... ... 3,481,775 ... ... 50 ... ... 133,760 ... ...
Without children 90,475 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,145,535 ... ... 30 ... ... 114,140 ... ...
Common-law couples 114,915 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,949,275 ... ... 40 ... ... 50,390 ... ...
With children6 41,490 ... ... 10 ... ... 808,645 ... ... 25 ... ... 20,505 ... ...
Without children 73,430 ... ... 5 ... ... 1,140,630 ... ... 20 ... ... 29,885 ... ...
Total one-parent families 89,785 ... ... 55 ... ... 1,686,340 ... ... 50 ... ... 61,295 ... ...
in which the parent is a woman+ 72,595 ... ... 45 ... ... 1,302,670 ... ... 35 ... ... 46,900 ... ...
in which the parent is a man+ 17,190 ... ... 5 ... ... 383,670 ... ... 10 ... ... 14,390 ... ...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 685 325 360 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,245 750 390 360 1,307,185 650,215 656,965
Total - Persons in census families 1,231,380 602,840 628,545 525 245 285 29,478,475 14,616,850 14,861,625 495 235 260 1,067,425 530,695 536,730
Married spouses or common-law partners 677,655 341,670 335,985 240 120 120 17,153,165 8,577,610 8,575,560 240 120 120 596,590 297,940 298,645
Parents in one-parent families 89,785 17,190 72,595 55 10 45 1,686,340 383,675 1,302,670 45 10 40 61,290 14,395 46,900
Children6 463,940 243,975 219,965 240 120 120 10,638,965 5,655,570 4,983,400 210 105 110 409,545 218,365 191,185
In a two-parent family 329,670 172,390 157,285 155 80 75 8,024,590 4,238,785 3,785,805 135 70 70 306,475 162,400 144,075
In a one-parent family 134,270 71,585 62,680 85 40 45 2,614,375 1,416,785 1,197,595 75 35 40 103,070 55,965 47,110
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data 491,830 248,740 243,090 155 75 80 6,850,005 3,320,385 3,529,620 250 155 95 239,765 119,525 120,240
Living alone 341,350 165,410 175,935 105 55 50 4,396,015 2,048,495 2,347,520 135 85 50 146,225 68,910 77,315
Living with other relatives7 45,070 20,400 24,670 20 10 10 927,345 393,085 534,260 25 15 5 42,720 20,255 22,460
Living with non-relatives only 105,415 62,925 42,485 25 10 15 1,526,645 878,800 647,840 95 60 40 50,815 30,360 20,455
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data 816,335 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,945 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,050 ... ...
One-census-family households without additional persons 394,155 ... ... 155 ... ... 8,932,695 ... ... 150 ... ... 313,500 ... ...
Couple-family households 317,105 ... ... 105 ... ... 7,627,195 ... ... 110 ... ... 268,430 ... ...
With children6 163,645 ... ... 65 ... ... 3,789,795 ... ... 70 ... ... 137,200 ... ...
Without children 153,460 ... ... 40 ... ... 3,837,400 ... ... 40 ... ... 131,230 ... ...
One-parent-family households 77,045 ... ... 50 ... ... 1,305,500 ... ... 35 ... ... 45,070 ... ...
Multigenerational households8 11,240 ... ... 10 ... ... 441,745 ... ... 5 ... ... 14,025 ... ...
Multiple-census-family households9 1,730 ... ... 0 ... ... 94,235 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,815 ... ...
One-census-family households with additional persons9 14,975 ... ... 5 ... ... 450,415 ... ... 5 ... ... 17,525 ... ...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households 52,900 ... ... 15 ... ... 663,835 ... ... 40 ... ... 23,950 ... ...
One-person households 341,345 ... ... 110 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 135 ... ... 146,225 ... ...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data10 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 565 255 305 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 605 320 290 1,058,435 522,575 535,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,100 685,155 710,950 540 245 295 29,241,810 14,316,155 14,925,660 575 300 275 1,023,160 504,825 518,335
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 36,800 38,800 35,600 32,800 35,200 30,800 41,200 46,400 36,800 32,400 32,400 32,400 39,200 44,000 35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,396,475 685,330 711,145 540 245 295 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,425 575 300 275 1,023,830 505,175 518,655
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 33,200 34,400 32,400 30,200 32,400 29,000 36,800 40,800 33,600 29,200 28,800 29,800 35,200 38,400 32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,227,255 612,060 615,200 465 215 250 26,045,500 13,010,250 13,035,250 460 245 215 906,495 455,895 450,600
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 30,200 34,000 26,600 22,000 27,600 18,600 35,200 42,400 29,200 24,000 24,600 23,000 34,000 40,800 27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,021,705 527,390 494,315 385 185 200 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,130 410 225 190 743,325 387,385 355,940
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 32,400 35,200 29,400 26,000 32,400 21,800 37,200 43,200 32,000 25,200 26,000 24,000 35,600 41,200 30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 1,175,325 551,265 624,060 485 210 270 25,401,740 12,065,555 13,336,180 510 260 250 934,305 455,520 478,785
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 10,700 9,500 11,900 11,200 9,600 13,500 9,800 8,500 11,000 11,600 10,700 13,700 7,950 5,120 9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 157,000 78,185 78,815 70 30 40 3,185,840 1,548,250 1,637,590 70 40 35 113,175 54,570 58,610
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 5,520 5,480 5,640 5,480 5,600 5,480 5,720 5,760 5,720 5,480 4,640 6,000 5,440 5,480 5,280
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data 472,820 247,320 225,500 200 85 115 8,373,550 4,140,705 4,232,845 225 135 90 254,050 120,985 133,060
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 9,500 8,000 8,000 8,000 8,000 10,000 8,500 11,000 8,000 8,000 8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data11 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 570 255 315 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 585 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,365 685,790 710,575 550 240 310 29,242,935 14,316,595 14,926,335 550 280 270 1,024,110 505,340 518,765
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($) 50,120 55,450 45,000 36,800 38,400 35,600 54,450 62,650 46,560 35,000 38,800 31,200 49,240 55,950 42,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,396,760 685,970 710,790 550 240 310 29,257,325 14,324,165 14,933,160 550 280 270 1,024,740 505,665 519,075
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($) 40,680 43,560 37,880 32,600 32,800 32,000 44,920 50,320 39,680 30,700 32,800 28,400 40,640 45,080 36,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,226,320 612,170 614,155 480 215 270 26,047,020 13,011,765 13,035,250 465 260 205 907,455 456,870 450,590
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,350 38,800 28,400 33,200 24,800 50,240 59,500 41,000 28,100 31,600 23,800 45,240 53,300 37,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,021,715 527,765 493,950 415 190 225 21,127,690 10,908,965 10,218,725 405 235 175 743,345 387,980 355,360
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($) 46,120 51,700 40,200 29,600 34,000 25,800 50,280 58,050 42,000 28,800 32,400 23,800 45,400 52,100 38,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 1,174,640 550,810 623,830 490 195 295 25,397,565 12,061,765 13,335,800 490 250 240 935,570 456,400 479,175
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($) 12,020 10,830 13,080 13,400 10,700 15,200 11,170 10,180 12,060 12,680 11,100 14,300 10,040 8,600 11,420
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 156,980 78,065 78,920 75 20 55 3,179,395 1,544,580 1,634,815 90 60 30 112,945 54,695 58,245
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 6,800 6,070 7,510 5,600 3,800 6,400 7,050 6,710 7,370 6,100 6,200 6,000 6,470 6,300 6,620
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data 471,875 247,465 224,410 215 90 120 8,346,145 4,128,810 4,217,340 250 130 120 252,860 120,805 132,055
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($) 9,130 9,180 9,080 10,000 12,200 8,400 8,920 8,740 9,100 9,900 9,200 10,800 8,710 8,570 8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data12 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 570 255 320 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 590 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,910
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 452,020 244,470 207,545 140 70 70 9,912,810 5,493,720 4,419,090 175 110 65 366,740 211,220 155,520
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 58,400 61,600 55,200 48,400 49,200 45,600 63,600 69,000 58,000 38,000 37,600 41,600 56,800 61,200 52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 74,000 81,500 65,100 54,000 62,000 46,000 77,200 85,400 67,000 39,600 38,500 42,000 66,900 72,700 59,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 450,610 222,280 228,330 220 110 110 8,426,645 3,988,060 4,438,585 155 85 65 285,105 131,295 153,805
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 16,400 17,400 15,600 12,200 11,700 19,800 18,400 21,000 16,600 17,800 29,200 9,600 17,800 19,400 16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 26,120 28,320 24,020 20,600 19,600 21,600 29,160 33,960 24,860 24,400 32,000 14,800 26,440 30,120 23,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data17 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%)18 79.8 84.4 74.4 68.0 77.0 60.0 82.2 86.4 76.8 67.5 75.0 58.0 81.4 86.2 75.4
Employment income (%)19 67.4 71.8 62.1 61.2 72.0 52.0 66.8 70.6 61.7 61.2 70.0 49.0 66.8 71.6 61.0
Government transfers (%)20 20.2 15.7 25.5 32.4 22.4 40.0 17.8 13.7 23.1 32.4 25.2 42.0 18.6 13.9 24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.5 1.3 1.9 2.0 0.9 3.0 1.4 1.2 1.7 2.9 3.4 2.0 1.5 1.2 1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%) 6.9 6.5 7.4 11.7 13.0 10.6 5.4 4.5 6.6 14.2 11.8 17.2 5.5 4.4 6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%) 6.2 6.0 6.4 10.4 12.0 9.2 4.7 4.0 5.5 13.2 11.2 16.0 4.4 3.7 5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data21 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 560 255 305 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 605 320 285 1,058,435 522,575 535,860
Without total income 57,180 28,440 28,735 25 10 15 1,094,320 545,400 548,915 35 20 10 35,275 17,750 17,525
With total income 1,396,100 685,155 710,945 540 240 295 29,241,815 14,316,150 14,925,660 570 295 270 1,023,160 504,830 518,335
Under $10,000 (including loss) 120,165 57,640 62,520 50 25 25 2,434,730 1,058,420 1,376,310 55 25 30 101,540 48,555 52,980
$10,000 to $19,999 179,185 83,775 95,410 80 35 40 3,448,185 1,445,240 2,002,945 120 75 45 118,240 49,740 68,505
$20,000 to $29,999 259,695 119,565 140,135 110 45 70 4,635,650 2,018,080 2,617,570 95 40 50 161,905 68,870 93,030
$30,000 to $39,999 194,585 93,585 101,000 85 40 50 3,723,680 1,648,300 2,075,375 90 50 35 138,225 60,295 77,930
$40,000 to $49,999 163,390 78,450 84,940 75 45 35 3,290,715 1,529,960 1,760,755 75 40 35 124,755 58,530 66,225
$50,000 to $59,999 123,115 58,355 64,755 50 20 30 2,677,465 1,302,135 1,375,330 50 20 35 97,815 49,730 48,085
$60,000 to $69,999 88,460 43,350 45,110 35 20 15 2,073,335 1,086,545 986,795 40 15 25 72,980 40,630 32,350
$70,000 to $79,999 64,815 33,230 31,590 20 10 10 1,592,465 887,985 704,480 15 5 5 53,950 31,710 22,240
$80,000 to $89,999 50,645 26,325 24,320 10 10 0 1,239,395 708,430 530,965 10 5 5 41,095 24,190 16,905
$90,000 to $99,999 36,060 19,280 16,785 0 0 0 965,950 553,435 412,510 5 0 0 32,150 18,190 13,960
$100,000 and over 115,980 71,595 44,385 15 10 0 3,160,245 2,077,620 1,082,625 10 5 0 80,510 54,380 26,125
$100,000 to $149,999 74,835 44,155 30,680 10 10 0 2,102,630 1,319,110 783,520 10 5 0 57,310 37,335 19,975
$150,000 and over 41,145 27,440 13,705 0 0 0 1,057,615 758,510 299,105 0 0 0 23,195 17,045 6,155
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data22 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 560 255 305 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 605 320 285 1,058,435 522,575 535,860
Without after-tax income 56,805 28,265 28,535 25 10 15 1,079,955 537,800 542,155 35 20 10 34,600 17,400 17,200
With after-tax income 1,396,475 685,335 711,140 540 240 295 29,256,180 14,323,750 14,932,430 570 295 270 1,023,835 505,175 518,660
Under $10,000 (including loss) 124,825 59,490 65,335 50 25 25 2,561,695 1,100,975 1,460,725 55 25 30 106,400 50,060 56,340
$10,000 to $19,999 188,395 88,605 99,785 80 35 45 3,608,250 1,521,395 2,086,855 120 80 45 127,940 54,315 73,625
$20,000 to $29,999 303,115 142,120 161,000 140 55 80 5,294,505 2,321,660 2,972,845 120 60 60 191,015 82,035 108,985
$30,000 to $39,999 231,960 113,680 118,280 95 45 50 4,442,970 2,035,725 2,407,250 100 60 40 168,620 77,035 91,585
$40,000 to $49,999 183,475 88,390 95,090 90 40 45 3,798,710 1,839,700 1,959,005 80 30 50 139,790 70,125 69,665
$50,000 to $59,999 123,490 59,975 63,515 50 20 30 2,833,120 1,471,200 1,361,920 50 20 30 99,005 54,905 44,095
$60,000 to $69,999 81,775 41,055 40,725 20 10 10 2,020,895 1,114,110 906,790 20 15 10 66,805 38,905 27,900
$70,000 to $79,999 52,690 27,360 25,330 5 5 0 1,428,520 814,645 613,875 5 0 5 47,350 26,925 20,425
$80,000 to $89,999 32,505 18,175 14,325 0 0 0 1,027,015 592,405 434,605 5 5 0 27,130 16,415 10,715
$90,000 to $99,999 21,155 12,260 8,890 5 0 0 643,700 402,325 241,380 0 0 0 16,220 10,545 5,680
$100,000 and over 53,090 34,210 18,885 0 0 0 1,596,790 1,109,610 487,185 0 0 0 33,560 23,920 9,645
$100,000 to $124,999 25,835 15,730 10,105 0 0 0 792,455 530,970 261,490 0 0 0 17,675 12,295 5,375
$125,000 and over 27,260 18,485 8,775 0 0 0 804,335 578,645 225,695 0 0 0 15,885 11,620 4,265
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data19 1,453,280 713,595 739,680 560 255 305 30,336,130 14,861,555 15,474,580 605 320 285 1,058,435 522,575 535,860
Without employment income 431,575 186,210 245,365 175 70 105 9,208,520 3,955,070 5,253,450 200 95 105 315,110 135,195 179,915
With employment income 1,021,705 527,385 494,320 390 185 205 21,127,615 10,906,485 10,221,125 410 225 185 743,325 387,385 355,940
Under $5,000 (including loss) 145,910 71,820 74,090 50 25 30 2,951,135 1,446,185 1,504,955 70 35 30 96,985 46,125 50,855
$5,000 to $9,999 99,605 47,595 52,010 55 25 25 1,739,570 765,825 973,750 45 20 25 59,860 26,670 33,195
$10,000 to $19,999 136,545 66,030 70,515 55 20 35 2,498,120 1,128,310 1,369,810 65 40 30 92,505 42,200 50,305
$20,000 to $29,999 105,255 51,415 53,840 50 25 25 1,960,665 902,615 1,058,050 55 25 30 78,855 35,960 42,900
$30,000 to $39,999 98,425 50,780 47,640 40 20 20 1,903,100 899,905 1,003,190 50 35 15 77,580 37,430 40,150
$40,000 to $49,999 94,645 47,585 47,065 50 25 20 1,859,845 899,795 960,055 50 30 25 73,795 37,315 36,480
$50,000 to $59,999 76,170 39,085 37,085 30 15 15 1,640,805 842,030 798,780 25 10 15 59,960 33,210 26,745
$60,000 to $69,999 59,460 31,825 27,635 20 15 10 1,367,510 754,825 612,685 25 10 10 48,125 28,725 19,405
$70,000 to $79,999 46,765 25,580 21,185 15 5 5 1,099,625 637,060 462,570 10 5 0 37,685 23,180 14,505
$80,000 to $89,999 40,295 21,350 18,945 15 5 5 929,490 539,395 390,095 5 0 0 31,730 18,800 12,930
$90,000 to $99,999 27,160 15,825 11,340 0 0 0 760,035 439,505 320,530 5 0 0 25,570 14,610 10,955
$100,000 and over 91,480 58,500 32,980 10 5 0 2,417,710 1,651,040 766,670 5 5 0 60,675 43,165 17,505
$100,000 to $124,999 40,345 24,630 15,710 0 0 0 1,129,445 714,235 415,210 5 5 0 31,425 21,060 10,365
$125,000 and over 51,135 33,870 17,270 5 0 0 1,288,265 936,805 351,460 0 0 0 29,245 22,105 7,140
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data23 1,453,280 713,595 739,685 565 255 305 30,336,135 14,861,555 15,474,575 605 320 290 1,058,435 522,575 535,860
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,225 663,385 691,840 530 240 290 28,598,395 13,976,715 14,621,680 560 300 265 989,280 486,735 502,540
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 35,600 31,200 28,000 31,600 24,800 39,200 45,200 34,000 24,600 24,000 24,800 37,600 43,200 32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,355,570 663,490 692,080 530 240 290 28,617,610 13,979,960 14,637,655 560 300 265 989,625 486,785 502,840
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 30,400 32,000 28,800 26,400 28,400 24,600 35,200 40,000 31,200 23,600 22,800 24,600 33,200 37,600 29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,196,380 596,375 600,005 465 215 250 25,708,470 12,830,580 12,877,890 450 240 210 891,950 447,480 444,475
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 31,400 35,200 27,800 24,600 27,600 19,600 36,800 44,000 30,800 25,200 26,200 24,200 34,800 41,600 29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,000,475 515,695 484,790 385 185 200 21,241,445 10,932,825 10,308,625 390 210 180 744,025 385,850 358,175
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 33,200 36,000 30,200 28,000 32,400 26,400 38,000 44,400 32,800 26,400 27,000 25,800 36,000 41,600 31,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data 1,066,120 490,855 575,265 440 190 250 23,196,815 10,876,635 12,320,175 475 245 230 859,170 419,045 440,125
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 4,280 2,660 7,150 4,520 3,060 7,950 4,240 1,960 6,450 5,800 4,280 8,900 2,840 1,210 5,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data 104,820 51,840 52,980 45 25 25 2,428,800 1,182,025 1,246,770 50 25 25 81,860 39,590 42,270
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 5,080 4,640 5,640 4,120 5,280 2,900 5,720 5,560 5,960 3,400 2,900 4,120 5,920 6,200 5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data24 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 570 255 315 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,670 585 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,905
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,285 663,595 691,695 540 230 310 28,599,665 13,976,240 14,623,425 525 275 255 989,725 487,255 502,470
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,600 52,150 41,320 33,000 34,400 32,000 52,350 61,250 43,800 29,700 33,200 25,800 47,200 54,300 40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,355,700 663,725 691,975 540 230 310 28,618,280 13,979,265 14,639,015 525 275 255 990,055 487,280 502,775
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($) 37,760 40,880 34,720 29,100 29,000 29,200 42,920 49,000 37,160 26,400 28,800 23,600 38,720 43,520 34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,195,295 596,055 599,245 480 205 275 25,709,140 12,829,990 12,879,155 435 245 190 892,090 447,960 444,130
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($) 45,560 52,600 38,600 29,900 34,800 26,200 51,040 60,800 41,320 28,800 31,800 25,000 45,480 53,650 37,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 999,875 515,515 484,355 395 175 220 21,242,575 10,934,760 10,307,815 370 215 160 743,680 386,010 357,670
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($) 46,040 51,800 39,920 32,400 37,600 28,000 50,560 58,800 41,800 30,200 33,600 25,200 45,360 52,200 38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 1,066,040 490,710 575,335 435 170 265 23,191,860 10,869,800 12,322,065 420 205 215 859,470 419,750 439,720
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($) 8,160 6,610 9,490 8,440 5,000 10,600 7,950 6,990 8,800 7,440 6,650 8,200 7,150 5,825 8,410
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data 104,790 51,525 53,260 20 0 0 2,430,165 1,181,385 1,248,780 50 30 20 82,490 40,260 42,230
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($) 7,380 5,970 8,740 4,500 ... ... 7,560 6,880 8,210 6,000 6,400 5,000 7,410 7,120 7,690
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data25 1,453,295 713,750 739,550 570 255 320 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 590 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,910
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data13 446,040 241,000 205,040 140 70 70 9,831,805 5,446,500 4,385,305 165 100 65 363,910 209,470 154,440
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)14 52,800 56,400 49,600 46,800 54,000 42,400 60,000 66,000 53,600 35,200 34,800 36,800 53,600 58,400 48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)15 67,700 75,300 58,700 49,000 56,000 40,000 73,200 81,900 62,250 38,000 35,500 42,000 63,150 69,000 55,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data16 411,950 203,780 208,170 210 100 110 7,934,985 3,759,675 4,175,305 135 80 55 266,100 121,985 144,115
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 21,600 23,200 20,400 20,200 13,600 25,800 24,200 28,000 21,800 22,000 31,200 12,100 22,800 25,200 21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($) 31,400 34,200 28,640 26,800 26,000 27,200 35,200 41,280 29,720 27,200 35,000 16,500 31,560 36,240 27,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Market income (%) 86.2 90.6 80.8 79.5 90.0 72.0 87.6 91.2 83.0 80.0 86.0 73.0 86.8 90.8 81.8
Employment income (%) 72.8 77.2 67.6 72.0 84.0 62.0 71.8 75.0 67.2 72.0 80.0 62.0 72.2 76.0 67.2
Government transfers (%) 13.8 9.4 19.1 20.4 10.6 28.4 12.3 8.9 16.9 19.8 15.0 26.8 13.2 9.2 18.3
Employment insurance benefits (%) 1.2 0.9 1.6 0.4 x x 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.4 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data26 816,335 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($) 63,600 ... ... 59,200 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 53,200 ... ... 79,500 ... ...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 56,000 ... ... 52,400 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 47,600 ... ... 69,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data 341,345 ... ... 110 ... ... 4,396,015 ... ... 135 ... ... 146,225 ... ...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 37,600 ... ... 36,000 ... ... 41,600 ... ... 34,000 ... ... 41,200 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 33,600 ... ... 33,200 ... ... 37,200 ... ... 29,800 ... ... 36,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data 474,990 ... ... 180 ... ... 10,582,930 ... ... 205 ... ... 371,825 ... ...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 89,000 ... ... 78,500 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 99,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 78,000 ... ... 73,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 63,200 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data27 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($) 85,700 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 106,300 ... ... 56,600 ... ... 97,300 ... ...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($) 69,600 ... ... 61,600 ... ... 87,700 ... ... 49,400 ... ... 80,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data 341,250 ... ... 115 ... ... 4,394,500 ... ... 160 ... ... 146,310 ... ...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 48,400 ... ... 40,000 ... ... 53,350 ... ... 34,800 ... ... 50,040 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($) 39,760 ... ... 35,500 ... ... 44,360 ... ... 30,200 ... ... 41,480 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data 475,105 ... ... 175 ... ... 10,584,445 ... ... 180 ... ... 371,745 ... ...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 112,600 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 128,200 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 105,700 ... ... 67,000 ... ... 95,800 ... ...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data21 816,335 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Under $5,000 17,005 ... ... 5 ... ... 165,175 ... ... 15 ... ... 6,290 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 9,785 ... ... 0 ... ... 91,750 ... ... 5 ... ... 4,145 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 16,775 ... ... 0 ... ... 178,475 ... ... 15 ... ... 7,680 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 24,425 ... ... 5 ... ... 274,140 ... ... 15 ... ... 7,990 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 54,215 ... ... 25 ... ... 637,695 ... ... 20 ... ... 20,100 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 38,420 ... ... 15 ... ... 505,875 ... ... 10 ... ... 18,985 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 37,880 ... ... 15 ... ... 488,735 ... ... 20 ... ... 17,510 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 38,590 ... ... 15 ... ... 560,950 ... ... 20 ... ... 19,860 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 39,530 ... ... 15 ... ... 572,650 ... ... 20 ... ... 21,215 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 37,970 ... ... 20 ... ... 559,155 ... ... 15 ... ... 20,700 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 69,550 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,093,185 ... ... 35 ... ... 40,360 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 62,125 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,044,715 ... ... 35 ... ... 38,830 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 55,220 ... ... 15 ... ... 986,460 ... ... 25 ... ... 36,685 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,040 ... ... 15 ... ... 921,205 ... ... 20 ... ... 33,840 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 41,220 ... ... 10 ... ... 844,835 ... ... 15 ... ... 31,625 ... ...
$100,000 and over 224,580 ... ... 65 ... ... 6,053,945 ... ... 55 ... ... 192,235 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 76,005 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,753,485 ... ... 30 ... ... 62,870 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 48,680 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,283,445 ... ... 15 ... ... 43,940 ... ...
$150,000 to $199,999 51,900 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,545,935 ... ... 5 ... ... 49,315 ... ...
$200,000 and over 47,995 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,471,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 36,110 ... ...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data22 816,335 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Under $5,000 18,250 ... ... 5 ... ... 186,735 ... ... 15 ... ... 7,035 ... ...
$5,000 to $9,999 10,005 ... ... 0 ... ... 95,195 ... ... 5 ... ... 4,245 ... ...
$10,000 to $14,999 17,050 ... ... 0 ... ... 183,430 ... ... 15 ... ... 7,915 ... ...
$15,000 to $19,999 26,035 ... ... 5 ... ... 289,545 ... ... 20 ... ... 8,810 ... ...
$20,000 to $24,999 59,285 ... ... 25 ... ... 681,900 ... ... 20 ... ... 22,210 ... ...
$25,000 to $29,999 46,355 ... ... 20 ... ... 589,110 ... ... 20 ... ... 22,280 ... ...
$30,000 to $34,999 45,485 ... ... 15 ... ... 582,275 ... ... 25 ... ... 21,475 ... ...
$35,000 to $39,999 47,370 ... ... 20 ... ... 666,675 ... ... 25 ... ... 24,610 ... ...
$40,000 to $44,999 46,995 ... ... 25 ... ... 676,995 ... ... 20 ... ... 25,320 ... ...
$45,000 to $49,999 43,530 ... ... 20 ... ... 655,100 ... ... 20 ... ... 24,380 ... ...
$50,000 to $59,999 78,470 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,285,425 ... ... 45 ... ... 48,190 ... ...
$60,000 to $69,999 68,975 ... ... 30 ... ... 1,223,830 ... ... 30 ... ... 45,970 ... ...
$70,000 to $79,999 59,285 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,137,840 ... ... 30 ... ... 43,145 ... ...
$80,000 to $89,999 49,000 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,039,375 ... ... 15 ... ... 38,145 ... ...
$90,000 to $99,999 39,955 ... ... 20 ... ... 911,515 ... ... 15 ... ... 32,835 ... ...
$100,000 and over 160,295 ... ... 40 ... ... 4,773,995 ... ... 25 ... ... 141,500 ... ...
$100,000 to $124,999 68,460 ... ... 15 ... ... 1,757,035 ... ... 20 ... ... 59,905 ... ...
$125,000 to $149,999 38,400 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,152,855 ... ... 10 ... ... 36,195 ... ...
$150,000 and over 53,430 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,864,100 ... ... 0 ... ... 45,400 ... ...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data28 435,310 ... ... 170 ... ... 10,117,305 ... ... 170 ... ... 356,215 ... ...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 91,000 ... ... 77,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ... 74,500 ... ... 98,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 79,000 ... ... 73,500 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 85,000 ... ...
Average family size of economic families 2.9 ... ... 3.2 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.1 ... ... 3.1 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data 156,425 ... ... 45 ... ... 3,929,500 ... ... 40 ... ... 133,590 ... ...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 91,000 ... ... 69,500 ... ... 89,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 73,500 ... ... 57,200 ... ... 79,000 ... ... 61,200 ... ... 76,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-only economic families 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ... 2.0 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data 175,465 ... ... 75 ... ... 4,311,315 ... ... 75 ... ... 155,030 ... ...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 136,000 ... ... 87,000 ... ... 124,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 99,000 ... ... 84,000 ... ... 116,000 ... ... 81,000 ... ... 105,000 ... ...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families 4.0 ... ... 4.2 ... ... 4.1 ... ... 3.9 ... ... 4.2 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data 86,340 ... ... 50 ... ... 1,547,920 ... ... 45 ... ... 54,645 ... ...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 64,000 ... ... 69,000 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 59,600 ... ... 64,000 ... ...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 58,800 ... ... 65,000 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 56,400 ... ... 58,800 ... ...
Average family size of one-parent economic families 2.6 ... ... 2.6 ... ... 2.7 ... ... 2.8 ... ... 2.9 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data29 446,765 228,335 218,420 130 70 60 5,922,660 2,927,295 2,995,365 225 140 85 197,045 99,270 97,775
Median total income in 2020 ($)30 34,000 34,400 33,600 35,200 41,200 29,600 38,400 40,000 36,800 24,800 22,400 26,400 37,200 38,800 36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 30,800 31,000 30,800 32,000 36,400 28,800 34,800 36,000 33,600 24,600 21,600 26,400 33,600 34,400 32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data31 435,360 ... ... 170 ... ... 10,113,100 ... ... 145 ... ... 356,080 ... ...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($) 115,400 ... ... 90,000 ... ... 128,600 ... ... 80,000 ... ... 116,200 ... ...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($) 92,800 ... ... 79,500 ... ... 105,600 ... ... 70,000 ... ... 95,700 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data 156,545 ... ... 25 ... ... 3,926,040 ... ... 50 ... ... 133,300 ... ...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 109,200 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 112,500 ... ... 78,000 ... ... 106,600 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($) 86,500 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 68,000 ... ... 86,600 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data 175,580 ... ... 95 ... ... 4,318,755 ... ... 45 ... ... 155,485 ... ...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 144,000 ... ... 104,000 ... ... 160,600 ... ... 108,000 ... ... 141,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($) 114,400 ... ... 94,000 ... ... 130,600 ... ... 92,000 ... ... 115,400 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data 86,035 ... ... 40 ... ... 1,539,580 ... ... 40 ... ... 54,305 ... ...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 75,300 ... ... 76,000 ... ... 82,300 ... ... 56,000 ... ... 74,000 ... ...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($) 65,100 ... ... 64,000 ... ... 71,800 ... ... 52,000 ... ... 65,300 ... ...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data32 446,290 227,645 218,645 125 60 70 5,916,895 2,916,490 3,000,405 235 155 80 197,160 98,645 98,515
Average total income in 2020 ($)30 44,280 45,400 43,080 41,000 46,000 36,000 49,440 52,050 46,880 31,200 33,000 28,000 45,880 47,720 44,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)30 36,760 37,240 36,240 35,500 39,000 33,000 41,560 43,080 40,120 27,200 28,400 25,000 38,400 39,320 37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data33 1,723,215 851,580 871,635 685 325 360 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 745 390 360 1,307,190 650,220 656,970
0 to 17 years 316,605 161,795 154,815 140 80 60 7,196,545 3,696,540 3,500,005 155 80 80 296,575 152,305 144,275
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,865 52,630 55 35 20 2,225,085 1,140,315 1,084,775 60 30 30 95,900 49,120 46,785
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,585 567,820 420 185 235 22,545,065 11,159,405 11,385,665 520 275 245 796,825 398,530 398,300
65 years and over 266,200 117,200 149,000 120 55 65 6,586,865 3,081,285 3,505,580 70 35 35 213,785 99,390 114,395
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) 299,080 143,995 155,085 105 55 60 4,016,065 1,881,305 2,134,765 175 105 70 185,145 87,815 97,330
0 to 17 years 49,430 25,350 24,085 20 15 5 854,565 439,490 415,075 30 15 15 57,935 29,540 28,395
0 to 5 years 17,500 8,905 8,595 10 10 0 282,315 144,250 138,065 15 10 5 21,125 10,715 10,410
18 to 64 years 184,970 93,610 91,360 50 20 30 2,175,755 1,050,115 1,125,640 130 80 45 96,515 46,350 50,165
65 years and over 64,675 25,040 39,635 30 10 20 985,745 391,695 594,050 15 5 5 30,695 11,925 18,770
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%) 17.4 16.9 17.8 15.8 15.6 16.0 11.1 10.5 11.6 23.4 26.8 19.5 14.2 13.5 14.8
0 to 17 years (%) 15.6 15.7 15.6 15.0 20.0 10.0 11.9 11.9 11.9 20.0 20.0 20.0 19.5 19.4 19.7
0 to 5 years (%) 16.3 16.2 16.3 16.0 25.0 x 12.7 12.7 12.7 24.0 32.0 20.0 22.0 21.8 22.3
18 to 64 years (%) 16.2 16.3 16.1 12.8 12.0 13.0 9.7 9.4 9.9 25.2 30.0 20.0 12.1 11.6 12.6
65 years and over (%) 24.3 21.4 26.6 26.0 20.0 32.0 15.0 12.7 16.9 16.0 12.0 16.0 14.4 12.0 16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data33 1,723,210 851,575 871,630 685 325 360 35,837,970 17,691,535 18,146,440 750 390 360 1,244,390 618,665 625,725
0 to 17 years 316,610 161,790 154,815 140 80 60 7,043,545 3,618,040 3,425,505 155 75 75 270,600 139,000 131,595
0 to 5 years 107,500 54,870 52,635 50 30 15 2,175,935 1,115,010 1,060,925 60 30 25 87,120 44,525 42,595
18 to 64 years 1,140,405 572,580 567,825 425 190 235 22,262,940 11,019,070 11,243,865 520 280 245 763,600 382,005 381,590
65 years and over 266,195 117,200 148,995 120 55 65 6,531,490 3,054,420 3,477,065 75 35 40 210,200 97,660 112,535
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) 199,665 102,220 97,440 60 35 25 1,863,335 950,150 913,180 155 90 60 78,315 40,395 37,915
0 to 17 years 26,605 13,610 12,995 10 10 0 319,545 164,490 155,060 25 10 10 18,130 9,425 8,700
0 to 5 years 9,255 4,715 4,540 0 0 0 99,435 50,875 48,560 10 5 5 6,445 3,290 3,155
18 to 64 years 144,765 77,525 67,235 35 20 15 1,344,640 702,660 641,975 125 75 50 53,920 28,310 25,615
65 years and over 28,295 11,090 17,205 15 5 5 199,155 83,010 116,145 5 0 0 6,265 2,665 3,600
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%) 11.6 12.0 11.2 9.2 11.0 7.6 5.2 5.4 5.0 20.4 23.2 17.5 6.3 6.5 6.1
0 to 17 years (%) 8.4 8.4 8.4 9.0 14.0 x 4.5 4.6 4.5 15.0 14.0 16.0 6.7 6.8 6.6
0 to 5 years (%) 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.0 12.0 x 4.6 4.6 4.6 16.0 16.0 16.0 7.4 7.4 7.4
18 to 64 years (%) 12.7 13.5 11.8 8.5 10.0 8.0 6.0 6.4 5.7 24.0 27.0 20.0 7.1 7.4 6.7
65 years and over (%) 10.6 9.5 11.6 10.0 10.0 12.0 3.1 2.7 3.3 6.0 12.0 x 3.0 2.7 3.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data34The letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice. 1,723,215 851,575 871,635 685 325 355 36,328,475 17,937,230 18,391,250 750 390 360 1,307,190 650,220 656,965
In bottom half of the distribution 1,097,735 535,190 562,545 500 240 260 18,164,550 8,775,210 9,389,345 625 330 300 752,545 367,895 384,650
In bottom decile 278,660 138,645 140,020 85 40 45 3,632,735 1,759,660 1,873,070 180 105 75 163,795 80,430 83,370
In second decile 226,095 107,680 118,415 100 45 55 3,632,975 1,695,310 1,937,660 130 65 65 157,385 74,055 83,325
In third decile 221,215 107,370 113,845 135 60 70 3,632,895 1,752,160 1,880,735 140 80 60 150,155 73,485 76,675
In fourth decile 197,520 96,110 101,415 90 45 45 3,632,745 1,775,535 1,857,210 110 55 55 143,855 71,230 72,620
In fifth decile 174,245 85,395 88,855 90 45 50 3,633,205 1,792,540 1,840,670 60 25 35 137,355 68,700 68,655
In top half of the distribution 625,475 316,385 309,090 185 90 95 18,163,925 9,162,020 9,001,900 125 65 60 554,645 282,320 272,320
In sixth decile 150,945 74,795 76,155 65 30 35 3,632,910 1,810,370 1,822,535 55 30 25 132,600 67,115 65,490
In seventh decile 134,455 67,455 67,000 50 25 25 3,632,765 1,819,535 1,813,230 25 10 20 125,730 63,715 62,015
In eighth decile 121,350 61,450 59,900 40 15 25 3,632,555 1,829,025 1,803,530 20 10 10 117,230 59,570 57,660
In ninth decile 108,785 55,650 53,130 25 15 15 3,632,930 1,841,520 1,791,415 15 10 10 101,140 51,785 49,355
In top decile 109,935 57,030 52,905 0 0 0 3,632,765 1,861,575 1,771,195 0 0 0 77,940 40,145 37,800
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data35 1,723,210 ... ... 685 ... ... 36,328,475 ... ... 750 ... ... 1,307,185 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household total income 0.374 ... ... 0.267 ... ... 0.347 ... ... 0.289 ... ... 0.333 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household market income 0.516 ... ... 0.431 ... ... 0.462 ... ... 0.473 ... ... 0.449 ... ...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income 0.318 ... ... 0.232 ... ... 0.302 ... ... 0.258 ... ... 0.290 ... ...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income 4.0 ... ... 3.0 ... ... 3.8 ... ... 4.0 ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data36 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 685 325 360 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 750 395 360 1,326,815 658,740 668,075
English only 207,690 107,915 99,775 130 60 70 25,261,655 12,620,855 12,640,800 185 105 80 1,197,535 599,870 597,665
French only 473,490 215,190 258,295 135 65 65 4,087,895 1,914,500 2,173,390 160 70 90 1,680 805 875
English and French 1,018,100 519,275 498,830 385 185 205 6,581,680 3,244,350 3,337,330 375 190 180 110,435 50,380 60,055
Neither English nor French 41,975 16,745 25,230 30 15 20 689,725 284,170 405,555 25 15 10 17,160 7,680 9,480
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data37 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 685 325 360 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 750 395 360 1,326,815 658,740 668,075
English 457,725 231,930 225,795 305 145 165 27,643,140 13,696,115 13,947,025 345 185 165 1,269,710 631,880 637,825
French 1,091,480 533,590 557,890 270 130 140 7,828,545 3,854,435 3,974,110 340 180 165 36,195 17,375 18,815
English and French 151,345 77,485 73,865 70 40 35 476,175 237,635 238,535 40 15 20 4,365 2,115 2,245
Neither English nor French 40,705 16,120 24,585 30 15 20 673,100 275,685 397,420 30 15 10 16,555 7,360 9,195
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data38 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 685 325 360 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 750 395 360 1,326,815 658,740 668,075
Single responses 1,615,770 796,000 819,775 610 285 320 35,145,265 17,344,665 17,800,600 700 370 330 1,268,595 630,270 638,325
Official languages 1,044,150 518,340 525,805 370 175 195 27,296,445 13,583,930 13,712,510 505 255 250 971,850 485,625 486,225
English 225,920 115,155 110,765 170 70 100 20,107,200 10,036,360 10,070,835 250 120 125 935,110 468,050 467,065
French 818,225 403,185 415,040 200 105 90 7,189,245 3,547,565 3,641,675 260 135 130 36,740 17,575 19,160
Non-official languages 571,625 277,655 293,970 240 110 130 7,848,820 3,760,725 4,088,090 195 115 85 296,745 144,650 152,100
Indigenous languages39 355 125 230 0 0 0 148,895 71,630 77,265 0 0 0 18,885 8,910 9,975
Algonquian languages 190 70 120 0 0 0 97,125 46,545 50,580 0 0 0 17,565 8,305 9,265
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,520 1,180 1,340 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 165 60 105 0 0 0 67,665 32,715 34,950 0 0 0 8,510 4,000 4,515
Atikamekw 25 5 20 0 0 0 5,500 2,825 2,670 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 95 35 60 0 0 0 53,070 25,645 27,430 0 0 0 8,510 4,000 4,515
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 580 300 280 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 35 15 20 0 0 0 3,460 1,675 1,785 0 0 0 40 15 25
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,475 1,075 1,395 0 0 0 1,280 530 750
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,025 2,345 2,675 0 0 0 95 40 50
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 5 0 5 0 0 0 2,850 1,370 1,480 0 0 0 100 25 70
Cree, n.o.s. 50 20 30 0 0 0 38,535 18,810 19,725 0 0 0 6,995 3,385 3,615
Innu (Montagnais) 35 10 20 0 0 0 8,465 3,930 4,535 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 5 0 5 0 0 0 625 310 315 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 5,155 2,415 2,745 0 0 0 5 5 5
Mi'kmaq 5 0 5 0 0 0 4,910 2,290 2,620 0 0 0 5 5 5
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 125 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 21,775 10,230 11,550 0 0 0 9,045 4,305 4,745
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 15 10 10 0 0 0 865 400 460 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,310 4,525 4,790 0 0 0 5,020 2,485 2,535
Ojibway languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 11,605 5,300 6,300 0 0 0 4,020 1,815 2,205
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 5 0 0 0 0 0 470 235 235 0 0 0 115 65 55
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,880 850 1,030 0 0 0 1,000 445 555
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 5 0 0 0 0 9,185 4,190 4,995 0 0 0 2,905 1,310 1,595
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 12,885 6,200 6,680 0 0 0 700 340 355
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 12,785 6,155 6,630 0 0 0 695 340 355
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 625 280 340 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 55 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,060 3,865 4,190 0 0 0 690 340 350
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 70 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,505 755 755 0 0 0 5 0 5
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 195 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 120 150 0 0 0 5 0 5
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 840 440 400 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,390 725 670 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 5 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 40 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 50 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 25 0 0 0 5 5 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 135 30 105 0 0 0 33,790 16,480 17,315 0 0 0 145 50 95
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 220 340 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 140 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 225 85 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 135 30 105 0 0 0 33,200 16,240 16,955 0 0 0 145 50 95
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 15 10 5 0 0 0 355 150 205 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 15 10 5 0 0 0 275 115 155 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 485 220 265 0 0 0 95 50 45
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,095 520 575 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 90 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 265 125 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 40 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 185 80 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,040 485 555 0 0 0 370 165 205
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 40 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 245 315 0 0 0 360 160 205
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 180 190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 20 20 0 0 0 5 5 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,035 515 515 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 590 300 290 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 155 170 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 60 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 35 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 180 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 70 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 95 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 25 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 75 100 0 0 0 5 0 5
Non-Indigenous languages 571,270 277,530 293,740 240 110 130 7,699,925 3,689,100 4,010,830 195 115 85 277,865 135,735 142,125
Afro-Asiatic languages 119,100 63,230 55,865 25 10 15 698,355 359,625 338,730 15 10 10 14,095 7,350 6,740
Berber languages 15,445 8,305 7,140 0 0 0 27,490 14,715 12,775 0 0 0 90 50 40
Kabyle 14,315 7,650 6,660 0 0 0 24,760 13,130 11,625 0 0 0 70 40 30
Tamazight 985 570 415 0 0 0 2,340 1,365 975 0 0 0 10 10 5
Berber languages, n.i.e. 150 85 65 0 0 0 395 225 170 0 0 0 10 5 5
Chadic languages 335 180 160 0 0 0 1,985 1,085 905 0 0 0 80 55 25
Hausa 175 100 70 0 0 0 1,315 740 570 0 0 0 70 50 15
Mina 165 80 90 0 0 0 675 340 335 0 0 0 10 5 5
Coptic 165 90 75 0 0 0 1,015 510 505 0 0 0 90 45 50
Cushitic languages 765 360 410 0 0 0 49,410 23,275 26,135 0 0 0 1,885 940 950
Bilen 20 10 10 0 0 0 2,020 1,085 935 0 0 0 275 155 125
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,905 3,015 2,890 0 0 0 330 180 150
Somali 735 345 390 0 0 0 40,730 18,775 21,955 0 0 0 1,265 590 675
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 755 400 350 0 0 0 15 10 5
Semitic languages 102,380 54,295 48,085 15 10 10 618,450 320,045 298,405 15 10 10 11,945 6,265 5,685
Amharic 495 235 255 0 0 0 25,685 12,090 13,600 0 0 0 2,000 955 1,045
Arabic 99,450 52,790 46,660 15 5 5 508,410 265,350 243,060 15 10 10 6,470 3,505 2,965
Aramaic languages 120 50 65 0 0 0 27,690 13,465 14,220 0 0 0 5 5 5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 40 15 25 0 0 0 17,220 8,320 8,900 0 0 0 5 5 5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 5 5 0 0 0 8,860 4,335 4,525 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 70 30 40 0 0 0 1,600 805 795 0 0 0 0 0 0
Harari 5 5 0 0 0 0 1,220 550 675 0 0 0 5 5 5
Hebrew 1,580 845 735 0 0 0 19,495 10,505 8,995 0 0 0 540 300 240
Maltese 5 0 5 0 0 0 4,425 2,080 2,340 0 0 0 20 15 15
Tigrigna 705 360 340 0 0 0 31,075 15,775 15,300 0 0 0 2,875 1,480 1,400
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 450 235 220 0 0 0 25 10 15
Austro-Asiatic languages 23,210 10,690 12,525 5 0 0 192,985 87,230 105,750 15 5 5 4,980 2,360 2,620
Khmer (Cambodian) 4,580 2,090 2,500 0 0 0 19,525 8,820 10,705 15 5 0 255 125 130
Vietnamese 18,595 8,585 10,005 5 0 0 173,000 78,180 94,820 0 0 0 4,710 2,230 2,480
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 35 20 15 0 0 0 460 230 225 0 0 0 20 10 10
Austronesian languages 15,495 6,045 9,455 5 0 5 565,375 238,875 326,500 20 10 5 56,125 26,115 30,010
Bikol 85 40 50 0 0 0 2,115 940 1,180 0 0 0 170 90 80
Bisaya, n.o.s. 305 120 180 0 0 0 8,215 3,425 4,790 0 0 0 565 250 315
Cebuano 680 250 430 0 0 0 18,945 7,800 11,145 0 0 0 1,150 545 600
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 605 325 280 0 0 0 45 25 20
Hiligaynon 390 130 260 0 0 0 9,690 3,900 5,795 0 0 0 460 200 265
Ilocano 1,650 670 980 0 0 0 33,520 14,140 19,380 0 0 0 1,515 695 820
Indonesian 405 165 240 0 0 0 11,910 4,990 6,920 0 0 0 150 55 90
Kankanaey 15 10 5 0 0 0 1,100 465 640 0 0 0 20 10 10
Kinaray-a 25 10 15 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0 40 15 20
Malagasy languages 410 185 225 0 0 0 2,085 990 1,090 0 0 0 10 5 10
Merina 285 120 160 0 0 0 1,245 580 670 0 0 0 5 0 5
Malagasy, n.o.s. 130 65 65 0 0 0 835 415 425 0 0 0 5 0 5
Malay 45 20 30 0 0 0 1,330 570 760 0 0 0 10 5 10
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 160 75 90 0 0 0 5,615 2,635 2,980 0 0 0 1,000 490 510
Pangasinan 90 40 50 0 0 0 2,050 900 1,150 0 0 0 190 90 100
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 10,970 4,220 6,755 5 0 5 461,150 194,805 266,345 20 15 10 50,540 23,510 27,025
Waray-Waray 40 15 20 0 0 0 1,625 690 935 0 0 0 95 45 45
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 215 100 115 0 0 0 4,740 2,035 2,705 0 0 0 175 80 95
Creole languages 36,965 16,655 20,310 0 0 0 78,235 35,650 42,580 0 5 0 540 250 290
Haitian Creole 27,145 12,010 15,135 0 0 0 52,435 23,355 29,085 0 5 0 70 35 35
Jamaican English Creole 10 5 5 0 0 0 600 315 290 0 0 0 25 10 10
Krio 10 10 5 0 0 0 795 365 435 0 0 0 155 65 85
Morisyen 910 440 470 0 0 0 6,125 3,015 3,110 0 0 0 110 60 55
Sango 50 25 20 0 0 0 580 280 300 0 0 0 30 10 15
Creole, n.o.s. 8,605 4,065 4,535 0 0 0 15,550 7,325 8,230 0 0 0 105 50 60
Creole languages, n.i.e. 230 100 125 0 0 0 2,135 1,000 1,140 0 0 0 45 15 35
Dravidian languages 12,090 6,330 5,765 0 0 0 244,165 125,180 118,990 5 0 5 2,295 1,275 1,015
Kannada 225 140 90 0 0 0 6,240 3,215 3,020 0 0 0 110 60 50
Malayalam 1,315 700 610 0 0 0 54,050 29,375 24,670 0 0 0 1,330 750 580
Tamil 9,175 4,555 4,615 0 0 0 152,850 75,010 77,845 5 0 5 530 275 255
Telugu 1,350 915 430 0 0 0 30,045 17,095 12,950 0 0 0 300 175 125
Tulu 15 10 5 0 0 0 615 310 305 0 0 0 10 5 5
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 10 5 10 0 0 0 370 170 195 0 0 0 10 5 5
Georgian 105 45 55 0 0 0 2,180 1,175 1,005 0 0 0 10 5 5
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 565 265 305 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 289,040 139,810 149,235 155 75 85 4,124,860 2,018,340 2,106,520 105 65 45 166,785 82,415 84,370
Albanian 1,795 885 910 0 0 0 29,265 14,690 14,580 0 0 0 330 170 160
Armenian 5,565 2,645 2,920 0 0 0 33,720 16,335 17,385 0 0 0 60 30 30
Balto-Slavic languages 29,665 13,025 16,635 10 10 5 648,810 297,100 351,710 5 0 5 28,660 13,235 15,420
Baltic languages 315 125 195 0 0 0 10,560 4,425 6,135 0 0 0 130 55 70
Latvian 115 55 60 0 0 0 4,430 1,875 2,555 0 0 0 55 25 30
Lithuanian 205 70 140 0 0 0 6,130 2,555 3,580 0 0 0 70 35 40
Slavic languages 29,350 12,905 16,445 10 10 5 638,250 292,670 345,580 5 0 5 28,530 13,180 15,350
Belarusian 30 15 15 0 0 0 720 325 395 0 0 0 50 20 35
Bulgarian 3,100 1,440 1,660 0 0 0 19,035 9,090 9,950 0 0 0 150 85 75
Czech 555 255 300 0 0 0 20,025 9,215 10,815 0 0 0 500 245 255
Macedonian 95 40 55 0 0 0 14,795 7,075 7,720 0 0 0 135 65 65
Polish 5,875 2,530 3,345 0 0 0 160,170 72,120 88,050 0 0 0 5,300 2,380 2,915
Russian 14,020 6,080 7,940 10 5 5 197,905 89,100 108,800 5 0 0 9,095 4,440 4,655
Rusyn 5 5 0 0 0 0 500 240 255 0 0 0 10 0 5
Serbo-Croatian 2,580 1,265 1,320 0 0 0 116,735 56,900 59,835 0 0 0 2,265 1,090 1,175
Bosnian 340 170 175 0 0 0 13,820 6,785 7,040 0 0 0 620 305 315
Croatian 865 415 450 0 0 0 43,500 20,755 22,740 0 0 0 915 425 490
Serbian 1,300 645 650 0 0 0 57,425 28,410 29,015 0 0 0 690 345 345
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 80 35 45 0 0 0 1,995 945 1,045 0 0 0 40 15 25
Slovak 345 130 220 0 0 0 15,255 6,930 8,320 0 0 0 335 140 195
Slovene (Slovenian) 240 100 140 0 0 0 7,965 3,425 4,535 0 0 0 215 85 125
Ukrainian 2,490 1,045 1,440 0 0 0 84,705 38,005 46,695 0 0 0 10,465 4,620 5,850
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 440 235 205 0 0 0 15 10 5
Celtic languages 40 25 10 0 0 0 2,150 1,110 1,045 0 0 0 285 140 150
Irish 10 5 0 0 0 0 665 355 315 0 0 0 195 90 110
Scottish Gaelic 0 5 0 0 0 0 425 210 210 0 0 0 20 10 15
Welsh 15 10 5 0 0 0 825 410 420 0 0 0 60 35 30
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 15 5 5 0 0 0 230 135 95 0 0 0 10 10 5
Germanic languages 11,285 5,660 5,630 0 0 0 463,400 221,365 242,035 0 0 0 60,445 28,835 31,610
Frisian 5 5 0 0 0 0 1,570 800 775 0 0 0 40 20 25
High German languages 9,860 4,925 4,935 0 0 0 301,570 142,580 158,990 0 0 0 40,700 19,220 21,480
German 3,360 1,560 1,795 0 0 0 272,865 128,250 144,615 0 0 0 40,280 18,990 21,285
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,065 4,530 4,540 0 0 0 45 30 20
Swiss German 235 125 110 0 0 0 7,575 3,740 3,835 0 0 0 200 105 90
Yiddish 6,270 3,240 3,025 0 0 0 12,060 6,060 6,005 0 0 0 175 95 90
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 895 465 430 0 0 0 138,655 67,815 70,840 0 0 0 18,230 8,880 9,350
Afrikaans 65 40 25 0 0 0 12,270 6,175 6,095 0 0 0 525 260 260
Dutch 740 390 345 0 0 0 80,315 39,000 41,310 0 0 0 2,060 1,025 1,035
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 8,670 4,255 4,420 0 0 0 2,845 1,355 1,490
Low Saxon 5 0 0 0 0 0 1,270 650 625 0 0 0 350 175 170
Plautdietsch 5 0 5 0 0 0 33,200 16,410 16,785 0 0 0 12,245 5,970 6,275
Vlaams (Flemish) 85 35 50 0 0 0 2,935 1,325 1,605 0 0 0 215 90 125
Scandinavian languages 480 245 230 0 0 0 20,275 9,500 10,775 0 0 0 700 345 350
Danish 150 70 80 0 0 0 9,945 4,750 5,195 0 0 0 200 110 90
Icelandic 30 15 15 0 0 0 905 430 480 0 0 0 265 120 145
Norwegian 65 35 30 0 0 0 3,535 1,675 1,860 0 0 0 105 50 55
Swedish 230 120 110 0 0 0 5,890 2,645 3,245 0 0 0 125 70 55
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 45 15 30 0 0 0 1,330 670 660 0 0 0 775 370 400
Greek 14,410 6,805 7,605 5 5 5 93,335 45,860 47,470 5 5 0 1,185 590 595
Indo-Iranian languages 58,285 30,880 27,410 50 25 25 1,659,505 847,400 812,105 30 15 10 53,135 28,230 24,905
Indo-Aryan languages 42,700 23,120 19,580 50 25 25 1,358,645 697,075 661,575 30 15 10 49,815 26,535 23,280
Assamese 20 10 10 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0 5 0 5
Bengali 9,850 5,065 4,785 15 5 10 87,580 45,160 42,425 0 0 0 2,130 1,310 820
Gujarati 4,805 2,565 2,235 0 0 0 138,985 73,335 65,655 0 0 0 5,245 2,830 2,415
Hindi 3,655 2,135 1,520 0 0 0 152,825 79,585 73,240 5 5 0 3,390 1,805 1,590
Kacchi 90 40 45 0 0 0 6,930 3,100 3,830 0 0 0 20 5 10
Kashmiri 25 15 5 0 0 0 745 395 350 0 0 0 10 10 5
Konkani 55 35 20 0 0 0 3,425 1,675 1,745 0 0 0 35 15 15
Marathi 345 200 145 0 0 0 14,145 7,330 6,810 0 0 0 170 90 80
Nepali 330 170 160 0 0 0 23,425 11,920 11,510 0 0 0 730 370 355
Oriya languages 45 25 20 0 0 0 1,775 940 835 0 0 0 15 10 5
Odia 25 15 10 0 0 0 1,125 615 510 0 0 0 10 5 5
Oriya, n.o.s. 15 10 5 0 0 0 645 325 320 0 0 0 5 5 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 16,345 9,050 7,290 30 15 15 666,585 341,515 325,065 20 15 10 33,315 17,605 15,710
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0 35 15 15
Sindhi 45 30 20 0 0 0 3,985 2,070 1,915 0 0 0 55 35 25
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 390 205 190 0 0 0 18,000 8,895 9,110 0 0 0 815 395 425
Urdu 6,535 3,480 3,060 0 0 0 235,290 118,540 116,755 5 0 0 3,805 2,015 1,785
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 170 95 75 0 0 0 3,865 2,085 1,780 0 0 0 45 30 15
Iranian languages 15,575 7,755 7,820 0 0 0 300,555 150,160 150,390 0 0 0 3,310 1,685 1,625
Baluchi 5 5 0 0 0 0 555 305 250 0 0 0 10 5 0
Kurdish 435 245 190 0 0 0 16,485 8,770 7,715 0 0 0 880 445 440
Parsi 25 20 10 0 0 0 555 310 240 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 975 525 450 0 0 0 19,520 10,170 9,355 0 0 0 270 135 140
Persian languages 14,065 6,930 7,135 0 0 0 262,625 130,180 132,440 0 0 0 2,135 1,095 1,040
Dari 1,085 520 565 0 0 0 57,220 28,070 29,155 0 0 0 585 285 300
Iranian Persian 11,665 5,750 5,915 0 0 0 179,425 89,070 90,360 0 0 0 1,360 710 650
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 25,975 13,040 12,930 0 0 0 195 100 95
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 70 30 35 0 0 0 815 425 390 0 0 0 10 5 5
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 15 5 15 0 0 0 305 165 140 0 0 0 10 10 5
Italic (Romance) languages 167,975 79,875 88,100 85 40 50 1,194,290 574,295 619,995 70 40 30 22,675 11,185 11,490
Catalan 190 90 95 0 0 0 905 470 440 0 0 0 10 5 5
Italian 57,590 26,825 30,760 50 20 30 319,505 154,295 165,205 0 0 0 3,185 1,535 1,650
Portuguese 18,080 8,625 9,455 0 0 0 240,680 115,235 125,450 0 0 0 7,390 3,620 3,770
Romanian 12,300 5,780 6,525 5 5 0 93,160 44,185 48,975 5 5 0 545 265 280
Spanish 79,720 38,505 41,210 25 10 15 538,870 259,500 279,375 55 30 20 11,520 5,755 5,770
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 100 45 55 0 0 0 1,165 610 550 0 0 0 30 5 20
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 20 10 10 0 0 0 385 195 185 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 1,590 475 1,115 0 0 0 43,850 14,205 29,650 0 0 0 510 175 335
Korean 3,810 1,650 2,160 0 0 0 170,400 77,075 93,325 0 0 0 3,475 1,640 1,840
Mongolian 100 35 65 0 0 0 1,850 800 1,050 0 0 0 20 5 10
Niger-Congo languages 13,245 6,595 6,650 20 5 15 108,295 52,850 55,440 15 10 5 5,020 2,500 2,525
Akan (Twi) 620 305 315 0 0 0 13,120 6,400 6,720 0 0 0 205 115 90
Bamanankan 665 360 310 0 0 0 1,855 1,000 860 0 0 0 50 25 25
Edo 60 25 35 0 0 0 1,685 745 940 0 0 0 60 35 30
Éwé 330 185 150 0 0 0 1,955 1,030 920 5 0 0 35 20 20
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 1,245 640 605 10 0 10 3,520 1,825 1,695 0 0 0 70 40 30
Ga 45 25 20 0 0 0 815 400 415 0 0 0 20 10 15
Ganda 25 10 15 0 0 0 1,890 885 1,010 0 0 0 60 25 30
Gikuyu 0 5 0 0 0 0 760 320 440 0 0 0 30 15 15
Igbo 90 55 35 0 0 0 5,175 2,720 2,460 0 0 0 455 245 210
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,090 490 595 10 0 5 7,380 3,365 4,015 0 0 0 270 130 140
Lingala 1,680 750 930 0 0 0 4,260 1,925 2,335 0 0 0 70 35 40
Luba-Kasai 140 60 75 0 0 0 520 245 275 0 0 0 20 5 10
Mòoré 150 85 70 0 0 0 515 260 260 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mwani 20 10 10 0 0 0 695 365 325 0 0 0 35 20 15
Ndebele 30 15 20 0 0 0 920 420 500 0 0 0 20 10 10
Rundi (Kirundi) 1,320 595 720 0 0 0 8,660 4,035 4,625 0 0 0 185 90 95
Shona 80 40 40 0 0 0 3,605 1,665 1,940 0 0 0 140 55 85
Soninke 205 135 70 0 0 0 505 315 190 0 0 0 5 5 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 10 5 10 0 0 0 520 200 320 0 0 0 10 5 5
Swahili 795 385 400 0 0 0 16,000 7,630 8,370 0 0 0 1,010 480 530
Wojenaka 485 225 255 0 0 0 1,030 495 535 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wolof 1,495 800 690 5 0 0 4,890 2,605 2,285 0 0 0 90 45 40
Yoruba 625 325 295 0 0 0 15,015 7,605 7,410 0 0 0 1,675 845 830
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 2,045 1,060 980 0 0 0 13,000 6,405 6,590 5 5 0 500 250 250
Nilo-Saharan languages 340 190 155 0 0 0 6,920 3,565 3,355 0 0 0 405 220 185
Dinka 5 5 5 0 0 0 1,865 1,000 865 0 0 0 175 100 70
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 515 570 0 0 0 25 15 15
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 275 150 120 0 0 0 3,395 1,745 1,645 0 0 0 180 95 85
African, n.o.s. 60 35 25 0 0 0 575 305 270 0 0 0 30 15 15
Sign languages 275 140 135 0 0 0 6,955 3,710 3,250 0 0 0 380 200 180
American Sign Language 35 20 15 0 0 0 4,965 2,635 2,335 0 0 0 350 185 170
Quebec Sign Language 185 90 95 0 0 0 990 520 465 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 60 30 30 0 0 0 1,005 555 450 0 0 0 25 20 10
Sino-Tibetan languages 46,550 21,145 25,405 30 10 15 1,309,825 602,025 707,800 15 10 5 20,525 9,945 10,585
Chinese languages 46,390 21,080 25,315 30 10 15 1,292,640 593,580 699,055 15 10 5 19,940 9,640 10,300
Hakka 210 85 125 0 0 0 9,765 4,420 5,345 0 0 0 55 25 35
Mandarin 29,410 13,275 16,135 0 0 0 679,255 310,750 368,510 10 10 0 12,455 6,115 6,340
Min Dong 15 5 5 0 0 0 1,310 665 645 0 0 0 5 5 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,730 760 970 0 0 0 27,805 12,415 15,390 0 0 0 280 120 150
Wu (Shanghainese) 440 195 240 0 0 0 8,880 3,995 4,880 0 0 0 85 40 45
Yue (Cantonese) 13,690 6,300 7,390 25 10 15 553,380 255,540 297,835 0 0 0 6,795 3,195 3,595
Chinese, n.o.s. 855 435 420 0 0 0 11,610 5,500 6,110 0 0 0 260 135 125
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 45 20 25 0 0 0 630 295 330 0 0 0 10 5 5
Tibeto-Burman languages 120 55 70 0 0 0 16,600 8,160 8,445 0 0 0 565 290 275
Burmese 45 15 30 0 0 0 3,305 1,590 1,710 0 0 0 70 40 30
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 475 0 0 0 45 20 20
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,520 2,240 2,275 0 0 0 430 225 210
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,900 1,940 1,960 0 0 0 390 200 185
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 305 315 0 0 0 45 25 20
Tibetan 65 30 35 0 0 0 7,025 3,475 3,545 0 0 0 10 0 5
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 10 10 5 0 0 0 890 445 440 0 0 0 15 5 5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 585 285 295 0 0 0 20 10 10
Tai-Kadai languages 1,705 735 965 0 0 0 22,350 8,605 13,745 0 0 0 1,020 460 560
Lao 1,280 615 665 0 0 0 11,485 5,475 6,010 0 0 0 755 370 385
Thai 405 115 295 0 0 0 10,455 2,960 7,495 0 0 0 260 85 175
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 15 5 10 0 0 0 410 165 240 0 0 0 5 0 5
Turkic languages 5,370 2,745 2,625 0 0 0 53,520 28,385 25,135 0 0 0 435 245 190
Azerbaijani 250 155 95 0 0 0 4,490 2,460 2,030 0 0 0 45 30 15
Kazakh 25 15 15 0 0 0 540 230 305 0 0 0 15 5 5
Turkish 4,825 2,455 2,370 0 0 0 44,190 23,615 20,570 0 0 0 295 165 130
Uyghur 140 65 75 0 0 0 1,355 660 690 0 0 0 10 5 5
Uzbek 40 25 20 0 0 0 1,805 890 920 0 0 0 35 20 10
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 90 30 55 0 0 0 1,150 530 620 0 0 0 40 20 20
Uralic languages 2,190 965 1,225 0 0 0 68,180 31,000 37,180 0 0 0 1,175 540 635
Estonian 70 30 40 0 0 0 4,485 1,945 2,535 0 0 0 25 10 15
Finnish 140 55 85 0 0 0 12,200 5,075 7,120 0 0 0 195 85 110
Hungarian 1,985 880 1,105 0 0 0 51,500 23,980 27,525 0 0 0 960 440 515
Other languages, n.i.e. 80 40 35 0 0 0 1,060 540 520 0 0 0 75 40 30
Multiple responses 125,490 63,125 62,360 75 35 35 1,475,690 719,210 756,480 50 20 25 58,220 28,465 29,750
English and French 35,195 17,970 17,225 25 15 15 291,325 142,420 148,905 15 5 10 7,915 3,855 4,065
English and non-official language(s) 26,945 13,375 13,565 15 5 10 921,480 450,685 470,800 10 5 5 44,745 21,925 22,820
French and non-official language(s) 44,880 22,480 22,400 20 5 10 117,910 57,875 60,040 25 10 10 970 495 480
English, French and non-official language(s) 13,590 7,010 6,580 15 10 5 52,880 25,900 26,975 0 0 0 730 330 400
Multiple non-official languages 4,880 2,290 2,590 5 0 0 92,095 42,330 49,765 0 0 0 3,855 1,870 1,985
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data40 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 685 325 360 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 750 395 360 1,326,815 658,740 668,075
English 236,770 119,975 116,790 165 70 100 20,920,835 10,420,570 10,500,270 240 120 120 989,765 494,540 495,225
French 743,335 365,685 377,655 185 100 85 6,456,960 3,188,280 3,268,685 215 110 105 9,840 4,640 5,205
Non-official language 182,560 86,255 96,305 75 35 40 2,402,180 1,139,865 1,262,315 65 40 25 82,575 40,585 41,990
Indigenous39 70 30 40 0 0 0 50,460 25,385 25,080 0 0 0 2,910 1,475 1,435
Non-Indigenous 182,495 86,230 96,265 75 35 40 2,351,720 1,114,475 1,237,240 65 40 25 79,660 39,115 40,550
English and French 146,050 75,850 70,210 45 20 25 953,760 465,560 488,205 80 40 35 21,790 9,995 11,795
English and non-official language(s) 111,510 55,685 55,830 70 45 30 4,835,815 2,350,245 2,485,570 55 30 25 208,480 102,105 106,375
French and non-official language(s) 174,715 83,145 91,570 60 25 40 395,320 188,195 207,125 35 15 25 860 410 450
English, French and non-official language(s) 135,525 67,480 68,045 70 35 35 455,760 217,995 237,770 40 20 20 5,270 2,450 2,815
Multiple non-official languages 10,780 5,055 5,720 0 0 0 200,320 93,165 107,155 15 10 5 8,240 4,020 4,225
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data41 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 685 325 360 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,080 750 395 360 1,326,815 658,740 668,075
Single responses 1,586,665 782,610 804,055 590 280 305 35,057,615 17,305,575 17,752,035 685 365 325 1,272,180 632,135 640,050
Official languages 1,255,565 623,405 632,155 455 215 235 30,421,050 15,070,205 15,350,850 560 295 270 1,099,615 546,590 553,025
English 347,110 175,135 171,970 235 100 135 23,376,200 11,588,715 11,787,485 290 150 145 1,084,900 539,735 545,160
French 908,455 448,270 460,180 220 115 105 7,044,855 3,481,490 3,563,365 275 150 125 14,715 6,860 7,860
Non-official languages 331,100 159,200 171,905 140 70 70 4,636,560 2,235,370 2,401,190 125 70 55 172,570 85,540 87,025
Indigenous languages39 125 50 75 0 0 0 85,835 42,950 42,885 0 0 0 7,625 3,850 3,770
Algonquian languages 80 35 45 0 0 0 50,135 25,010 25,120 0 0 0 7,015 3,525 3,485
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 980 495 480 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 70 25 45 0 0 0 38,255 19,165 19,090 0 0 0 3,385 1,715 1,675
Atikamekw 10 0 5 0 0 0 4,345 2,285 2,060 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 40 20 25 0 0 0 26,700 13,425 13,270 0 0 0 3,385 1,715 1,675
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 30 30 0 0 0 5 0 5
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 300 265 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 20 10 10 0 0 0 2,545 1,225 1,315 0 0 0 10 5 10
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 665 305 360 0 0 0 280 125 160
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,455 730 725 0 0 0 20 10 5
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 830 430 405 0 0 0 20 10 15
Cree, n.o.s. 20 5 15 0 0 0 20,585 10,400 10,180 0 0 0 3,050 1,565 1,485
Innu (Montagnais) 20 10 10 0 0 0 6,710 3,190 3,520 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 505 260 245 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,650 1,250 1,395 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,595 1,225 1,365 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 8,250 4,100 4,155 0 0 0 3,625 1,815 1,810
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 5 5 0 0 0 0 4,540 2,305 2,235 0 0 0 2,550 1,305 1,245
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,480 1,685 1,800 0 0 0 1,075 510 570
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 70 70 0 0 0 25 15 10
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 390 195 200 0 0 0 240 115 125
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,925 1,405 1,515 0 0 0 815 385 430
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 7,260 3,675 3,585 0 0 0 465 250 210
Northern Athabaskan languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 7,230 3,655 3,575 0 0 0 465 250 210
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 100 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,255 2,610 2,650 0 0 0 460 250 210
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 5 0 0 0 0 0 705 390 315 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 115 60 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 5 0 0 0 0 0 395 220 175 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 755 420 335 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 85 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 35 10 30 0 0 0 27,295 13,695 13,600 0 0 0 30 10 25
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 65 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 30 5 25 0 0 0 27,140 13,625 13,520 0 0 0 30 10 25
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0 5 5 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 80 70 0 0 0 20 15 5
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 130 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 20 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 110 130 0 0 0 90 45 40
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 60 0 0 0 90 45 40
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 40 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 220 115 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 65 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 70 25 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 5 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous languages 330,975 159,150 171,830 135 70 70 4,550,725 2,192,420 2,358,305 125 70 55 164,945 81,695 83,255
Afro-Asiatic languages 61,235 31,705 29,525 15 5 10 395,840 197,010 198,830 10 5 10 9,250 4,680 4,570
Berber languages 6,795 3,645 3,145 0 0 0 11,295 5,940 5,355 0 0 0 60 30 30
Kabyle 6,320 3,390 2,930 0 0 0 10,180 5,325 4,850 0 0 0 45 25 25
Tamazight 360 195 165 0 0 0 840 455 380 0 0 0 10 5 5
Berber languages, n.i.e. 110 55 50 0 0 0 280 155 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 125 60 65 0 0 0 835 425 410 0 0 0 10 5 0
Hausa 80 45 45 0 0 0 635 330 305 0 0 0 10 5 0
Mina 40 15 25 0 0 0 200 95 105 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 120 65 60 0 0 0 545 265 280 0 0 0 45 20 25
Cushitic languages 365 170 195 0 0 0 30,375 14,115 16,260 0 0 0 1,260 595 660
Bilen 10 5 10 0 0 0 1,645 890 760 0 0 0 225 125 100
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,890 1,935 1,960 0 0 0 155 80 75
Somali 345 160 185 0 0 0 24,410 11,075 13,335 0 0 0 875 390 485
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 425 215 205 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 53,825 27,770 26,060 15 10 5 352,790 176,270 176,520 10 5 10 7,875 4,025 3,845
Amharic 240 115 125 0 0 0 14,030 6,470 7,565 0 0 0 1,135 535 600
Arabic 52,330 27,000 25,325 10 5 5 285,915 143,650 142,260 10 5 10 4,335 2,245 2,090
Aramaic languages 75 30 45 0 0 0 20,740 9,940 10,800 0 0 0 5 5 5
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 35 5 25 0 0 0 12,935 6,150 6,785 0 0 0 5 5 5
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 5 5 5 0 0 0 6,585 3,185 3,400 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 35 20 20 0 0 0 1,220 605 615 0 0 0 5 0 0
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 305 380 0 0 0 5 5 5
Hebrew 715 375 335 0 0 0 8,515 4,355 4,160 0 0 0 375 205 170
Maltese 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 360 435 0 0 0 5 0 5
Tigrigna 445 230 215 0 0 0 21,860 11,050 10,810 0 0 0 2,005 1,030 975
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 250 135 115 0 0 0 10 5 5
Austro-Asiatic languages 16,465 7,600 8,865 0 0 0 127,730 58,660 69,070 5 0 0 3,565 1,715 1,850
Khmer (Cambodian) 2,860 1,295 1,560 0 0 0 10,650 4,765 5,880 5 0 0 115 55 60
Vietnamese 13,590 6,300 7,290 0 0 0 116,785 53,735 63,055 0 0 0 3,435 1,650 1,780
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 15 5 10 0 0 0 300 160 135 0 0 0 20 10 5
Austronesian languages 9,325 3,930 5,395 0 0 0 326,245 149,550 176,700 15 10 5 36,445 17,565 18,880
Bikol 35 15 15 0 0 0 760 370 395 0 0 0 65 30 30
Bisaya, n.o.s. 170 75 100 0 0 0 4,125 1,895 2,230 0 0 0 300 150 150
Cebuano 425 180 250 0 0 0 10,195 4,720 5,480 0 0 0 655 340 315
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 110 85 0 0 0 20 10 5
Hiligaynon 235 90 145 0 0 0 5,015 2,265 2,750 0 0 0 240 115 130
Ilocano 960 415 545 0 0 0 18,350 8,350 10,000 0 0 0 720 345 370
Indonesian 170 85 90 0 0 0 4,150 1,985 2,170 0 0 0 60 25 25
Kankanaey 5 0 0 0 0 0 585 265 320 0 0 0 5 0 0
Kinaray-a 20 10 5 0 0 0 320 150 170 0 0 0 15 5 5
Malagasy languages 115 55 60 0 0 0 725 370 355 0 0 0 0 0 0
Merina 65 30 35 0 0 0 330 165 170 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 50 20 25 0 0 0 390 205 190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 10 5 5 0 0 0 280 145 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 85 45 45 0 0 0 3,030 1,435 1,590 0 0 0 625 315 310
Pangasinan 25 10 15 0 0 0 680 310 375 0 0 0 75 35 40
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 6,960 2,890 4,070 0 0 0 275,045 125,870 149,170 15 10 5 33,565 16,130 17,435
Waray-Waray 10 5 5 0 0 0 680 325 360 0 0 0 30 20 15
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 95 45 50 0 0 0 2,100 1,000 1,105 0 0 0 80 40 45
Creole languages 17,395 7,710 9,685 0 0 0 35,195 15,455 19,740 0 0 0 270 110 165
Haitian Creole 12,640 5,455 7,185 0 0 0 22,610 9,620 12,990 0 0 0 50 15 30
Jamaican English Creole 5 5 5 0 0 0 300 125 175 0 0 0 10 5 5
Krio 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 150 210 0 0 0 70 25 45
Morisyen 475 225 250 0 0 0 3,640 1,760 1,880 0 0 0 65 35 30
Sango 10 10 5 0 0 0 295 135 160 0 0 0 20 10 10
Creole, n.o.s. 4,185 1,980 2,210 0 0 0 7,120 3,275 3,845 0 0 0 40 15 25
Creole languages, n.i.e. 75 40 40 0 0 0 870 395 475 0 0 0 20 5 15
Dravidian languages 9,345 4,775 4,570 0 0 0 169,705 85,265 84,440 0 0 0 1,480 800 680
Kannada 115 65 50 0 0 0 3,060 1,575 1,485 0 0 0 45 25 20
Malayalam 970 520 445 0 0 0 35,390 19,010 16,380 0 0 0 900 500 400
Tamil 7,425 3,635 3,790 0 0 0 112,335 54,240 58,095 0 0 0 330 170 160
Telugu 820 550 275 0 0 0 18,470 10,215 8,250 0 0 0 190 105 90
Tulu 10 5 5 0 0 0 240 120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 5 0 5 0 0 0 205 105 105 0 0 0 10 10 5
Georgian 45 20 25 0 0 0 1,335 730 610 0 0 0 5 5 0
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 105 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 168,495 80,690 87,800 75 35 40 2,264,155 1,111,775 1,152,380 80 45 35 91,465 45,820 45,640
Albanian 1,050 505 540 0 0 0 14,110 7,005 7,100 0 0 0 175 90 80
Armenian 3,895 1,770 2,120 0 0 0 21,970 10,415 11,550 0 0 0 30 15 20
Balto-Slavic languages 17,140 7,850 9,295 0 0 0 303,480 143,495 159,985 5 0 0 11,345 5,540 5,805
Baltic languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 2,495 1,120 1,380 0 0 0 15 10 10
Latvian 35 20 15 0 0 0 880 395 485 0 0 0 5 5 5
Lithuanian 50 25 30 0 0 0 1,615 720 895 0 0 0 10 5 5
Slavic languages 17,055 7,810 9,250 0 0 0 300,985 142,375 158,610 5 0 0 11,325 5,535 5,795
Belarusian 5 5 5 0 0 0 215 100 115 0 0 0 5 0 5
Bulgarian 2,020 960 1,060 0 0 0 10,315 5,005 5,310 0 0 0 70 40 35
Czech 165 75 90 0 0 0 5,680 2,705 2,980 0 0 0 110 50 55
Macedonian 60 25 30 0 0 0 6,105 2,880 3,225 0 0 0 85 45 40
Polish 2,505 1,085 1,420 0 0 0 65,140 30,225 34,915 0 0 0 1,775 800 975
Russian 9,755 4,475 5,285 0 0 0 125,780 59,290 66,490 0 0 0 5,895 2,950 2,940
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 155 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 1,200 575 630 0 0 0 53,150 25,720 27,430 0 0 0 955 450 510
Bosnian 170 80 90 0 0 0 6,480 3,135 3,345 0 0 0 295 145 155
Croatian 365 165 200 0 0 0 14,925 6,965 7,960 0 0 0 295 130 160
Serbian 645 320 325 0 0 0 31,110 15,310 15,800 0 0 0 355 170 185
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 25 5 15 0 0 0 640 315 325 0 0 0 10 5 5
Slovak 70 30 40 0 0 0 5,015 2,410 2,605 0 0 0 50 25 30
Slovene (Slovenian) 85 40 45 0 0 0 1,375 595 785 0 0 0 25 10 15
Ukrainian 1,185 545 640 0 0 0 27,825 13,250 14,580 0 0 0 2,350 1,155 1,195
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 5 5 0 0 0 0 95 55 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 5 10 0 0 0 0 555 295 265 0 0 0 215 100 115
Irish 5 5 0 0 0 0 310 165 145 0 0 0 195 95 100
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 55 55 0 0 0 5 0 5
Welsh 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 55 45 0 0 0 15 5 10
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 6,300 3,280 3,020 0 0 0 140,450 68,575 71,875 0 0 0 24,050 11,300 12,750
Frisian 5 0 5 0 0 0 270 110 155 0 0 0 5 5 0
High German languages 6,055 3,160 2,895 0 0 0 103,780 50,460 53,325 0 0 0 18,665 8,700 9,970
German 510 245 270 0 0 0 86,820 41,815 45,005 0 0 0 18,585 8,650 9,935
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,270 3,640 3,630 0 0 0 15 5 5
Swiss German 20 10 10 0 0 0 1,750 870 875 0 0 0 60 35 30
Yiddish 5,525 2,905 2,615 0 0 0 7,950 4,140 3,810 0 0 0 5 5 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 145 70 75 0 0 0 33,710 16,730 16,980 0 0 0 4,670 2,275 2,395
Afrikaans 30 15 15 0 0 0 6,095 3,055 3,035 0 0 0 260 125 130
Dutch 105 55 50 0 0 0 8,100 3,950 4,150 0 0 0 210 100 110
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,965 2,480 2,485 0 0 0 1,115 540 575
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 490 240 245 0 0 0 75 40 35
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,845 6,895 6,945 0 0 0 3,005 1,470 1,535
Vlaams (Flemish) 10 0 5 0 0 0 220 100 120 0 0 0 5 0 5
Scandinavian languages 85 40 50 0 0 0 1,940 920 1,020 0 0 0 60 25 35
Danish 15 10 10 0 0 0 615 280 340 0 0 0 15 5 10
Icelandic 15 5 10 0 0 0 175 75 95 0 0 0 25 10 15
Norwegian 5 0 5 0 0 0 260 125 135 0 0 0 15 5 10
Swedish 45 20 25 0 0 0 890 435 450 0 0 0 10 5 5
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 740 355 390 0 0 0 640 300 340
Greek 7,530 3,370 4,165 5 0 5 38,300 17,490 20,810 0 0 0 475 225 255
Indo-Iranian languages 43,235 22,475 20,760 35 15 20 1,167,370 590,435 576,930 20 15 10 43,605 22,965 20,635
Indo-Aryan languages 32,115 17,085 15,025 35 15 20 962,820 490,815 472,000 20 15 10 41,260 21,815 19,450
Assamese 5 5 0 0 0 0 215 110 110 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bengali 7,290 3,630 3,660 10 5 10 56,750 28,435 28,315 0 0 0 1,340 765 570
Gujarati 3,250 1,705 1,545 0 0 0 92,005 47,790 44,215 0 0 0 4,205 2,210 1,995
Hindi 2,460 1,380 1,075 0 0 0 91,930 47,555 44,375 5 5 0 2,375 1,230 1,145
Kacchi 60 30 35 0 0 0 3,055 1,310 1,750 0 0 0 5 0 0
Kashmiri 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 130 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Konkani 15 5 5 0 0 0 880 415 470 0 0 0 10 10 5
Marathi 160 90 70 0 0 0 7,460 3,800 3,660 0 0 0 85 40 45
Nepali 225 115 105 0 0 0 16,835 8,595 8,235 0 0 0 530 265 270
Oriya languages 5 5 0 0 0 0 795 420 375 0 0 0 0 0 0
Odia 5 5 0 0 0 0 525 275 250 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 145 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 13,485 7,465 6,020 20 10 10 520,390 266,775 253,610 15 10 10 29,395 15,580 13,815
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 410 195 215 0 0 0 25 15 15
Sindhi 10 10 0 0 0 0 2,110 1,060 1,050 0 0 0 35 20 20
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 245 130 115 0 0 0 9,665 4,775 4,890 0 0 0 510 250 260
Urdu 4,795 2,465 2,335 0 0 0 158,040 78,420 79,615 0 0 0 2,705 1,400 1,300
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 2,015 1,040 975 0 0 0 35 25 10
Iranian languages 11,115 5,390 5,730 0 0 0 204,420 99,545 104,875 0 0 0 2,335 1,150 1,180
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 170 155 0 0 0 5 0 0
Kurdish 220 120 105 0 0 0 10,380 5,245 5,135 0 0 0 700 340 360
Parsi 15 5 5 0 0 0 280 130 150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 750 405 350 0 0 0 13,215 6,670 6,545 0 0 0 185 90 100
Persian languages 10,090 4,835 5,250 0 0 0 179,745 87,075 92,670 0 0 0 1,445 720 725
Dari 675 320 355 0 0 0 36,190 17,395 18,795 0 0 0 380 180 200
Iranian Persian 8,570 4,115 4,460 0 0 0 125,840 61,060 64,780 0 0 0 935 475 455
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 845 400 440 0 0 0 17,715 8,620 9,095 0 0 0 125 65 65
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 35 15 20 0 0 0 475 250 225 0 0 0 0 5 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 10 0 5 0 0 0 125 70 55 0 0 0 5 5 0
Italic (Romance) languages 89,325 41,435 47,885 40 15 20 577,735 273,965 303,770 50 30 25 11,555 5,575 5,975
Catalan 75 30 40 0 0 0 370 185 190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italian 21,255 8,905 12,350 20 5 15 92,755 38,750 54,005 0 0 0 780 320 455
Portuguese 9,715 4,550 5,165 0 0 0 118,730 56,685 62,045 0 0 0 3,695 1,755 1,945
Romanian 7,290 3,495 3,800 0 0 0 48,090 23,135 24,955 0 0 0 180 90 95
Spanish 50,960 24,440 26,520 10 5 5 317,365 155,005 162,360 45 25 15 6,885 3,405 3,480
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 40 25 15 0 0 0 425 210 220 0 0 0 10 5 5
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 5 5 5 0 0 0 190 95 95 0 0 0 10 5 5
Japanese 705 285 425 0 0 0 20,055 8,290 11,765 0 0 0 195 85 110
Korean 2,705 1,205 1,495 0 0 0 125,525 58,250 67,275 0 0 0 2,685 1,295 1,390
Mongolian 55 25 30 0 0 0 1,050 505 545 0 0 0 5 0 5
Niger-Congo languages 4,240 2,060 2,180 10 5 5 38,600 18,055 20,545 0 0 0 2,160 1,035 1,125
Akan (Twi) 340 160 180 0 0 0 6,000 2,755 3,240 0 0 0 105 60 45
Bamanankan 205 100 105 0 0 0 560 280 280 0 0 0 15 5 10
Edo 20 10 10 0 0 0 365 150 215 0 0 0 10 0 5
Éwé 85 45 40 0 0 0 470 225 245 0 0 0 10 5 5
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 455 235 220 0 0 0 1,315 665 650 0 0 0 55 30 25
Ga 20 10 10 0 0 0 260 115 150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 5 0 5 0 0 0 555 260 295 0 0 0 5 5 5
Gikuyu 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0 5 0 5
Igbo 20 10 10 0 0 0 1,530 770 765 0 0 0 160 80 80
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 335 145 190 0 0 0 2,720 1,205 1,520 0 0 0 135 65 65
Lingala 570 255 320 0 0 0 1,520 655 860 0 0 0 50 25 30
Luba-Kasai 10 5 5 0 0 0 90 35 60 0 0 0 10 5 5
Mòoré 25 10 10 0 0 0 70 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mwani 10 5 0 0 0 0 160 85 75 0 0 0 5 5 0
Ndebele 5 0 5 0 0 0 295 130 160 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 465 215 250 0 0 0 3,780 1,760 2,025 0 0 0 105 55 50
Shona 35 15 20 0 0 0 1,035 480 555 0 0 0 25 5 15
Soninke 95 65 30 0 0 0 235 145 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 45 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 290 155 135 0 0 0 7,055 3,290 3,765 0 0 0 580 275 305
Wojenaka 130 50 80 0 0 0 290 130 160 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wolof 600 325 275 5 0 0 1,945 1,040 910 0 0 0 70 40 30
Yoruba 180 85 90 0 0 0 5,395 2,505 2,890 0 0 0 700 320 385
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 330 150 185 0 0 0 2,720 1,250 1,470 0 0 0 120 60 55
Nilo-Saharan languages 105 60 45 0 0 0 3,155 1,555 1,600 0 0 0 175 85 90
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 900 485 420 0 0 0 75 45 30
Nuer 5 0 0 0 0 0 645 295 355 0 0 0 20 10 5
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 95 55 40 0 0 0 1,465 705 760 0 0 0 75 30 45
African, n.o.s. 10 5 5 0 0 0 140 75 70 0 0 0 5 0 5
Sign languages 515 300 220 0 0 0 12,160 7,005 5,160 0 0 0 605 340 265
American Sign Language 90 45 40 0 0 0 8,175 4,660 3,515 0 0 0 520 290 230
Quebec Sign Language 305 165 140 0 0 0 1,475 830 645 0 0 0 5 5 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 125 85 40 0 0 0 2,520 1,515 1,000 0 0 0 75 45 30
Sino-Tibetan languages 35,185 16,285 18,900 25 15 15 967,965 450,210 517,755 10 10 5 15,585 7,640 7,950
Chinese languages 35,100 16,245 18,855 25 15 15 955,685 444,115 511,565 10 10 5 15,135 7,400 7,735
Hakka 75 35 35 0 0 0 3,625 1,645 1,985 0 0 0 10 5 5
Mandarin 23,585 10,965 12,620 0 0 0 530,945 249,675 281,270 10 10 5 9,985 4,955 5,025
Min Dong 5 0 5 0 0 0 775 370 405 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 1,050 460 590 0 0 0 13,945 6,255 7,685 0 0 0 130 65 70
Wu (Shanghainese) 285 135 145 0 0 0 5,750 2,705 3,050 0 0 0 55 25 25
Yue (Cantonese) 9,590 4,395 5,195 25 15 15 393,430 180,000 213,435 0 0 0 4,795 2,270 2,525
Chinese, n.o.s. 505 250 255 0 0 0 6,985 3,360 3,625 0 0 0 155 80 75
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 10 5 5 0 0 0 225 110 115 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 65 30 35 0 0 0 11,990 5,960 6,035 0 0 0 450 240 210
Burmese 30 10 20 0 0 0 2,075 1,010 1,070 0 0 0 45 30 15
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 660 320 340 0 0 0 30 10 15
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,400 1,725 1,675 0 0 0 365 190 175
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,960 1,500 1,460 0 0 0 330 170 160
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 440 225 210 0 0 0 35 20 15
Tibetan 35 20 15 0 0 0 5,395 2,680 2,705 0 0 0 5 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 225 240 0 0 0 10 5 5
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 20 10 15 0 0 0 290 135 155 0 0 0 10 5 5
Tai-Kadai languages 870 405 465 0 0 0 10,120 4,660 5,460 0 0 0 555 260 295
Lao 715 350 370 0 0 0 5,955 2,850 3,105 0 0 0 440 215 230
Thai 150 60 90 0 0 0 3,955 1,725 2,230 0 0 0 115 50 65
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 85 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 3,575 1,790 1,780 0 0 0 32,490 16,530 15,960 0 0 0 200 105 90
Azerbaijani 100 60 40 0 0 0 2,200 1,095 1,105 0 0 0 10 5 5
Kazakh 5 0 5 0 0 0 105 55 50 0 0 0 5 5 5
Turkish 3,325 1,665 1,660 0 0 0 27,970 14,290 13,685 0 0 0 135 75 60
Uyghur 100 45 60 0 0 0 850 420 435 0 0 0 5 5 5
Uzbek 15 10 10 0 0 0 950 470 480 0 0 0 20 10 5
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 410 195 210 0 0 0 20 5 5
Uralic languages 695 285 415 0 0 0 18,790 8,625 10,165 0 0 0 270 125 150
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 615 245 370 0 0 0 0 5 0
Finnish 20 10 15 0 0 0 1,880 825 1,050 0 0 0 50 20 25
Hungarian 675 275 400 0 0 0 16,295 7,550 8,745 0 0 0 220 105 120
Other languages, n.i.e. 25 10 10 0 0 0 390 195 195 0 0 0 20 20 5
Multiple responses 154,590 76,515 78,075 95 40 50 1,563,345 758,295 805,045 65 25 35 54,635 26,605 28,025
English and French 45,705 23,415 22,290 25 10 10 230,955 112,070 118,880 25 10 15 4,330 2,015 2,315
English and non-official language(s) 32,655 15,945 16,710 30 15 15 1,123,355 546,255 577,095 15 5 5 48,350 23,650 24,700
French and non-official language(s) 55,175 26,790 28,385 20 5 10 125,525 60,405 65,125 20 10 10 400 190 205
English, French and non-official language(s) 19,445 9,630 9,820 20 5 10 56,805 27,370 29,430 5 5 5 550 280 265
Multiple non-official languages 1,605 740 865 0 0 0 26,705 12,190 14,515 0 0 0 1,000 465 535
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data42 1,741,260 859,120 882,135 685 325 360 36,620,955 18,063,870 18,557,085 750 390 360 1,326,815 658,740 668,075
None 1,279,175 629,625 649,555 485 230 255 31,053,450 15,366,470 15,686,980 570 295 275 1,128,495 562,275 566,225
English 115,715 59,690 56,025 25 10 10 1,956,965 969,380 987,580 65 35 30 73,880 36,630 37,250
French 109,450 53,550 55,895 55 25 35 571,040 268,530 302,510 40 15 25 14,475 6,645 7,830
Non-official language 129,625 62,430 67,195 65 35 35 2,248,130 1,071,870 1,176,260 45 25 20 86,505 41,355 45,150
Indigenous39 145 55 90 0 0 0 63,565 29,285 34,280 0 0 0 12,015 5,565 6,455
Non-Indigenous 129,480 62,370 67,105 65 35 35 2,184,565 1,042,590 1,141,975 45 25 20 74,485 35,790 38,695
English and French 29,960 15,165 14,790 15 10 5 86,185 42,600 43,585 5 5 5 750 335 420
English and non-official language(s) 35,695 18,170 17,525 10 0 5 323,845 161,995 161,850 10 5 5 12,370 6,345 6,025
French and non-official language(s) 27,860 13,495 14,370 15 10 10 134,565 61,575 72,995 5 0 0 2,360 1,060 1,300
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,580 1,835 1,740 0 0 0 11,870 5,975 5,895 5 0 0 170 95 70
Multiple non-official languages 10,200 5,165 5,035 5 5 5 234,905 115,470 119,430 15 5 5 7,810 4,005 3,805
Knowledge of languagesThe letter 'c' in a yellow triangle indicates a correction notice.
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data43 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 710 335 380 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,310 675 345 330 1,307,185 650,230 656,955
Official languages 1,681,610 834,860 846,755 655 315 345 35,644,660 17,656,300 17,988,360 645 330 310 1,290,665 642,990 647,680
English 1,216,575 623,125 593,455 495 235 265 31,628,570 15,769,105 15,859,470 525 275 250 1,288,945 642,225 646,720
French 1,475,945 727,525 748,420 515 235 280 10,563,235 5,115,365 5,447,875 495 250 240 111,785 51,090 60,700
Non-official languages 862,365 420,005 442,360 435 210 225 10,724,700 5,156,300 5,568,400 195 110 90 380,140 185,575 194,565
Indigenous languages39 800 315 485 0 0 0 243,155 116,360 126,795 0 0 0 34,405 16,285 18,120
Algonquian languages 365 150 210 0 0 0 163,815 78,135 85,675 0 0 0 32,200 15,235 16,965
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 6,680 3,120 3,560 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 260 100 160 0 0 0 105,850 50,975 54,870 0 0 0 16,120 7,560 8,560
Atikamekw 20 0 15 0 0 0 6,815 3,455 3,360 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 150 60 90 0 0 0 87,875 42,340 45,530 0 0 0 16,115 7,555 8,560
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 220 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 450 445 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 65 30 40 0 0 0 4,880 2,320 2,555 0 0 0 90 30 65
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,675 2,025 2,645 0 0 0 2,330 955 1,375
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 12,005 5,440 6,555 0 0 0 295 125 175
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,110 2,460 2,650 0 0 0 195 65 130
Cree, n.o.s. 70 25 45 0 0 0 61,000 29,930 31,070 0 0 0 13,310 6,420 6,890
Innu (Montagnais) 80 25 60 0 0 0 10,745 4,935 5,805 0 0 0 35 0 25
Naskapi 20 10 10 0 0 0 1,035 515 525 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 25 10 10 0 0 0 10,035 4,770 5,260 0 0 0 30 10 20
Mi'kmaq 25 10 10 0 0 0 9,245 4,370 4,880 0 0 0 30 10 20
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 420 400 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 90 50 45 0 0 0 42,865 20,015 22,850 0 0 0 16,400 7,835 8,560
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 30 20 15 0 0 0 1,950 895 1,060 0 0 0 20 10 15
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 15,305 7,450 7,855 0 0 0 8,910 4,445 4,460
Ojibway languages 55 30 30 0 0 0 26,160 11,930 14,235 0 0 0 7,595 3,450 4,150
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 35 15 25 0 0 0 2,035 875 1,165 0 0 0 355 165 185
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 80 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,625 1,670 1,955 0 0 0 1,690 725 960
Ojibway, n.o.s. 20 15 10 0 0 0 20,720 9,495 11,225 0 0 0 5,695 2,630 3,070
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 165 100 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 35 20 15 0 0 0 20,390 9,635 10,755 0 0 0 850 425 425
Northern Athabaskan languages 30 20 10 0 0 0 20,135 9,515 10,620 0 0 0 835 410 425
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,550 680 870 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,560 5,470 6,085 0 0 0 835 410 425
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 115 180 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 25 15 10 0 0 0 2,330 1,140 1,190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 775 355 420 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 195 215 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 15 10 0 0 0 0 1,210 620 590 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 480 265 220 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kaska (Nahani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 130 115 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan 0 0 0 0 0 0 235 140 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,140 1,080 1,060 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 40 95 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 870 400 470 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 75 100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 120 190 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 50 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 50 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 290 140 150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 75 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 55 55 0 0 0 15 15 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 90 155 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 315 75 235 0 0 0 42,795 20,980 21,820 0 0 0 230 110 125
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 505 630 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 365 430 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 145 205 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 310 75 235 0 0 0 41,680 20,495 21,185 0 0 0 230 110 125
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 30 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 65 50 20 0 0 0 2,055 880 1,175 0 0 0 10 10 0
Cayuga 0 0 0 0 0 0 230 95 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 60 45 20 0 0 0 1,605 655 950 0 0 0 10 10 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 210 105 110 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 90 120 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,905 850 1,050 0 0 0 305 155 155
Salish languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 5,305 2,555 2,755 0 0 0 10 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,415 670 745 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 600 285 305 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 510 300 215 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,090 510 580 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 165 185 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 135 185 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 705 320 390 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 360 190 175 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,965 1,465 1,495 0 0 0 900 405 495
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 370 195 175 0 0 0 10 0 10
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,530 715 810 0 0 0 885 405 485
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 925 470 455 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 180 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,665 1,335 1,335 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,135 555 580 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,110 595 515 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 465 210 255 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 10 10 0 0 0 0 2,205 1,010 1,200 0 0 0 10 10 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 145 145 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 335 170 170 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 820 355 465 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 700 315 390 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 15 10 0 0 0 0 645 310 335 0 0 0 35 20 15
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 855 405 450 0 0 0 25 15 15
Non-Indigenous languages 861,690 419,765 441,925 435 210 225 10,485,595 5,041,770 5,443,825 195 110 90 346,060 169,435 176,630
Afro-Asiatic languages 193,965 101,880 92,090 65 30 35 1,100,035 565,845 534,195 50 20 30 22,735 11,625 11,115
Berber languages 23,765 12,670 11,095 40 20 20 42,835 22,775 20,060 0 0 0 180 100 80
Kabyle 21,490 11,425 10,070 40 20 20 37,415 19,660 17,755 0 0 0 120 55 70
Tamazight 2,020 1,120 900 0 0 0 4,735 2,720 2,015 0 0 0 45 30 15
Berber languages, n.i.e. 560 290 270 0 0 0 1,330 750 575 0 0 0 10 10 0
Chadic languages 1,205 655 545 0 0 0 7,090 3,740 3,350 0 0 0 350 235 115
Hausa 575 370 210 0 0 0 5,080 2,695 2,380 0 0 0 335 230 105
Mina 625 290 340 0 0 0 2,010 1,040 965 0 0 0 20 0 0
Coptic 745 385 360 0 0 0 3,690 1,790 1,900 0 0 0 185 95 95
Cushitic languages 1,160 540 615 0 0 0 71,930 34,430 37,500 0 0 0 2,495 1,225 1,270
Bilen 15 10 0 0 0 0 2,745 1,490 1,260 0 0 0 380 200 180
Oromo 10 0 0 0 0 0 9,635 4,860 4,780 0 0 0 405 205 200
Somali 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 59,005 27,735 31,270 0 0 0 1,690 810 875
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 50 15 40 0 0 0 1,400 760 645 0 0 0 50 25 25
Semitic languages 182,025 95,605 86,420 40 15 25 1,015,485 524,700 490,780 50 20 30 20,430 10,430 10,000
Amharic 780 375 405 0 0 0 48,305 23,910 24,395 0 0 0 4,055 1,905 2,150
Arabic 173,385 91,115 82,270 40 15 25 838,045 436,510 401,540 50 20 30 10,275 5,425 4,850
Aramaic languages 215 95 125 0 0 0 39,655 19,690 19,965 0 0 0 25 15 10
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 45 20 25 0 0 0 23,865 11,765 12,100 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 10 10 0 0 0 0 13,285 6,625 6,655 0 0 0 10 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 155 70 95 0 0 0 3,195 1,625 1,570 0 0 0 10 10 0
Harari 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,000 925 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 7,665 4,080 3,580 0 0 0 83,205 42,515 40,685 0 0 0 3,800 1,955 1,850
Maltese 20 10 10 0 0 0 6,535 3,080 3,450 0 0 0 20 10 15
Tigrigna 820 400 420 0 0 0 45,970 23,120 22,845 0 0 0 4,475 2,225 2,245
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 75 50 25 0 0 0 1,760 1,065 695 0 0 0 260 135 125
Austro-Asiatic languages 30,875 14,470 16,405 25 10 15 260,030 120,035 139,995 0 0 0 6,645 3,125 3,520
Khmer (Cambodian) 6,850 3,180 3,675 0 0 0 28,390 13,100 15,290 0 0 0 380 175 205
Vietnamese 24,550 11,565 12,985 25 10 15 232,800 107,435 125,355 0 0 0 6,260 2,945 3,310
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e 50 25 30 0 0 0 910 455 455 0 0 0 45 30 15
Austronesian languages 24,510 9,720 14,785 10 0 0 793,275 336,445 456,840 10 10 0 74,995 35,135 39,860
Bikol 175 65 110 0 0 0 4,260 1,975 2,275 0 0 0 250 145 105
Bisaya, n.o.s. 450 200 255 0 0 0 10,990 4,625 6,375 0 0 0 960 430 525
Cebuano 1,155 395 755 0 0 0 33,045 13,790 19,250 0 0 0 2,045 1,065 985
Fijian 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,765 900 865 0 0 0 65 35 35
Hiligaynon 765 265 500 0 0 0 16,385 6,650 9,735 0 0 0 820 395 420
Ilocano 2,925 1,225 1,700 0 0 0 61,680 25,280 36,400 0 0 0 3,395 1,585 1,815
Indonesian 805 365 440 0 0 0 19,815 8,895 10,915 0 0 0 265 130 130
Kankanaey 45 25 20 0 0 0 1,950 770 1,175 0 0 0 35 15 20
Kinaray-a 85 25 60 0 0 0 860 345 510 0 0 0 30 15 10
Malagasy languages 835 405 425 0 0 0 3,885 1,960 1,920 0 0 0 15 10 0
Merina 655 320 335 0 0 0 2,355 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy, n.o.s. 185 90 90 0 0 0 1,565 785 780 0 0 0 10 0 0
Malay 355 190 165 0 0 0 10,770 4,995 5,775 0 0 0 235 105 130
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 355 165 200 0 0 0 10,555 4,690 5,865 0 0 0 1,830 905 925
Pangasinan 120 55 65 0 0 0 4,455 1,885 2,575 0 0 0 335 125 215
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 21,575 8,340 13,235 10 0 0 737,565 310,735 426,830 10 10 0 73,440 34,315 39,130
Waray-Waray 120 55 65 0 0 0 4,520 1,910 2,610 0 0 0 265 135 130
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 905 390 515 0 0 0 20,140 8,785 11,355 0 0 0 1,240 620 620
Creole languages 74,245 33,880 40,365 0 0 0 184,840 85,045 99,790 0 0 0 1,580 740 840
Haitian Creole 66,445 30,045 36,400 0 0 0 134,895 61,215 73,680 0 0 0 220 95 125
Jamaican English Creole 215 115 105 0 0 0 4,875 2,200 2,675 0 0 0 115 50 60
Krio 60 25 40 0 0 0 1,955 870 1,090 0 0 0 395 195 200
Morisyen 2,365 1,215 1,140 0 0 0 15,345 7,620 7,725 0 0 0 235 105 130
Sango 185 100 80 0 0 0 1,535 785 750 0 0 0 50 20 25
Creole, n.o.s. 11,950 5,630 6,320 0 0 0 31,220 14,400 16,825 0 0 0 335 155 180
Creole languages, n.i.e. 1,520 685 835 0 0 0 9,585 4,575 5,005 0 0 0 270 125 140
Dravidian languages 16,725 8,745 7,975 0 0 0 359,485 185,160 174,325 15 10 10 3,300 1,800 1,500
Kannada 540 325 215 0 0 0 18,420 9,660 8,760 0 0 0 335 180 150
Malayalam 1,760 935 825 0 0 0 77,910 42,025 35,890 0 0 0 1,740 930 810
Tamil 12,940 6,480 6,465 0 0 0 237,890 119,570 118,320 15 0 10 1,100 645 455
Telugu 2,415 1,600 815 0 0 0 54,685 30,575 24,110 0 0 0 595 320 275
Tulu 30 10 10 0 0 0 1,765 935 835 0 0 0 40 25 20
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 25 10 15 0 0 0 970 450 520 0 0 0 10 10 0
Georgian 150 75 70 0 0 0 3,015 1,565 1,445 0 0 0 20 10 10
Hmong-Mien languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 720 365 360 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 450,480 219,660 230,825 225 120 105 5,849,775 2,867,575 2,982,195 65 35 30 196,040 97,895 98,150
Albanian 2,425 1,220 1,205 0 0 0 38,345 19,410 18,935 0 0 0 495 220 275
Armenian 7,185 3,350 3,835 0 0 0 44,500 21,675 22,825 0 0 0 95 40 45
Balto-Slavic languages 40,980 19,110 21,870 0 0 0 820,305 384,390 435,915 0 0 0 36,420 16,940 19,480
Baltic languages 530 215 315 0 0 0 13,890 5,900 7,985 0 0 0 150 45 105
Latvian 190 85 105 0 0 0 6,020 2,595 3,425 0 0 0 90 25 65
Lithuanian 340 135 210 0 0 0 7,895 3,325 4,570 0 0 0 60 20 40
Slavic languages 40,615 18,955 21,660 0 0 0 809,985 380,025 429,960 0 0 0 36,340 16,910 19,430
Belarusian 160 55 105 0 0 0 2,825 1,185 1,640 0 0 0 95 30 70
Bulgarian 3,765 1,820 1,945 0 0 0 24,210 11,805 12,400 0 0 0 240 125 120
Czech 990 455 535 0 0 0 28,625 13,595 15,030 0 0 0 550 255 300
Macedonian 215 80 135 0 0 0 23,015 10,965 12,050 0 0 0 165 85 75
Polish 7,925 3,535 4,390 0 0 0 204,460 94,135 110,325 0 0 0 7,045 3,285 3,760
Russian 23,995 11,285 12,705 0 0 0 309,235 145,375 163,860 0 0 0 14,835 7,225 7,600
Rusyn 0 0 0 0 0 0 680 345 330 0 0 0 0 0 0
Serbo-Croatian 3,390 1,700 1,695 0 0 0 155,775 76,800 78,975 0 0 0 2,915 1,445 1,475
Bosnian 675 315 365 0 0 0 25,380 12,555 12,825 0 0 0 950 470 480
Croatian 1,515 775 740 0 0 0 73,845 36,015 37,830 0 0 0 1,500 750 745
Serbian 1,725 840 885 0 0 0 83,735 41,550 42,185 0 0 0 1,235 615 620
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 95 60 40 0 0 0 3,085 1,590 1,500 0 0 0 50 25 20
Slovak 590 250 340 0 0 0 20,905 9,455 11,450 0 0 0 425 155 265
Slovene (Slovenian) 345 145 200 0 0 0 10,650 4,715 5,935 0 0 0 315 125 180
Ukrainian 4,905 2,155 2,745 0 0 0 131,655 59,230 72,425 0 0 0 14,845 6,585 8,260
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 40 10 30 0 0 0 770 385 385 0 0 0 25 10 15
Celtic languages 275 150 125 0 0 0 10,485 5,430 5,055 0 0 0 310 185 125
Irish 120 65 55 0 0 0 5,360 2,940 2,415 0 0 0 135 90 45
Scottish Gaelic 35 20 15 0 0 0 2,170 1,050 1,120 0 0 0 45 40 10
Welsh 35 20 15 0 0 0 2,170 1,015 1,155 0 0 0 125 55 65
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 85 45 45 0 0 0 910 495 415 0 0 0 10 0 0
Germanic languages 28,325 14,670 13,655 0 0 0 658,705 319,800 338,905 10 0 10 61,790 30,450 31,335
Frisian 40 20 25 0 0 0 2,835 1,480 1,350 0 0 0 100 60 30
High German languages 25,545 13,365 12,180 0 0 0 453,995 222,215 231,780 10 0 0 42,555 20,860 21,685
German 17,050 8,935 8,110 0 0 0 419,195 204,840 214,355 10 0 0 41,980 20,605 21,375
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,565 5,260 5,305 0 0 0 65 45 25
Swiss German 300 120 175 0 0 0 10,465 5,025 5,440 0 0 0 220 135 85
Yiddish 8,490 4,455 4,030 0 0 0 20,155 10,105 10,045 0 0 0 425 155 265
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 2,020 1,005 1,025 0 0 0 191,840 93,435 98,405 0 0 0 22,220 11,000 11,220
Afrikaans 205 95 105 0 0 0 29,670 15,335 14,335 0 0 0 1,000 520 475
Dutch 1,645 825 820 0 0 0 107,985 51,330 56,650 0 0 0 2,840 1,380 1,465
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,555 5,245 5,315 0 0 0 3,275 1,615 1,665
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,310 640 670 0 0 0 255 115 135
Plautdietsch 20 0 20 0 0 0 41,165 20,590 20,575 0 0 0 15,055 7,445 7,610
Vlaams (Flemish) 175 85 90 0 0 0 3,985 1,825 2,155 0 0 0 205 95 105
Scandinavian languages 1,440 725 710 0 0 0 37,500 17,205 20,300 0 0 0 1,220 615 605
Danish 425 190 230 0 0 0 14,700 6,805 7,900 0 0 0 300 145 155
Icelandic 45 20 20 0 0 0 1,475 685 790 0 0 0 390 215 175
Norwegian 285 155 130 0 0 0 8,860 4,180 4,675 0 0 0 335 175 160
Swedish 820 445 370 0 0 0 14,620 6,765 7,855 0 0 0 255 115 140
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 80 30 50 0 0 0 1,275 720 555 0 0 0 130 85 45
Greek 20,685 9,850 10,830 10 10 0 145,060 71,685 73,375 0 0 0 1,620 860 760
Indo-Iranian languages 77,115 41,190 35,920 95 60 35 2,263,825 1,162,830 1,100,990 0 0 0 66,340 35,640 30,695
Indo-Aryan languages 58,875 31,985 26,890 95 60 35 1,918,570 989,350 929,220 0 0 0 62,505 33,645 28,860
Assamese 35 25 15 0 0 0 1,155 590 565 0 0 0 25 15 10
Bengali 12,945 6,685 6,255 0 0 0 120,605 62,330 58,270 0 0 0 2,740 1,635 1,105
Gujarati 6,930 3,785 3,140 0 0 0 209,415 110,000 99,405 0 0 0 6,535 3,685 2,850
Hindi 24,370 13,400 10,970 15 0 15 761,425 395,410 366,015 0 0 0 26,980 14,375 12,610
Kacchi 195 95 95 0 0 0 15,085 6,785 8,300 0 0 0 30 30 0
Kashmiri 40 25 15 0 0 0 1,830 965 865 0 0 0 10 10 0
Konkani 155 95 60 0 0 0 8,950 4,300 4,645 0 0 0 130 70 55
Marathi 780 440 340 0 0 0 35,230 18,210 17,020 0 0 0 445 245 205
Nepali 485 270 220 0 0 0 30,660 15,680 14,980 0 0 0 805 405 405
Oriya languages 45 20 35 0 0 0 3,235 1,665 1,570 0 0 0 30 20 10
Odia 30 15 15 0 0 0 1,710 925 785 0 0 0 10 0 0
Oriya, n.o.s. 20 0 15 0 0 0 1,550 755 795 0 0 0 20 20 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 22,580 12,435 10,150 75 50 25 942,170 488,075 454,090 0 0 0 42,820 22,950 19,870
Rohingya 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 345 420 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sindhi 100 50 50 0 0 0 8,385 4,480 3,910 0 0 0 130 85 45
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 845 470 370 0 0 0 33,050 16,645 16,400 0 0 0 1,205 605 595
Urdu 11,425 6,220 5,200 25 20 10 414,870 211,895 202,975 0 0 0 6,800 3,660 3,140
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 500 325 180 0 0 0 11,320 6,280 5,040 0 0 0 200 110 90
Iranian languages 18,895 9,560 9,335 0 0 0 370,520 186,750 183,770 0 0 0 4,175 2,180 1,995
Baluchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 985 565 420 0 0 0 30 25 0
Kurdish 780 465 315 0 0 0 24,035 13,005 11,030 0 0 0 1,210 590 620
Parsi 80 35 40 0 0 0 1,000 535 470 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 1,225 645 580 0 0 0 31,695 16,810 14,885 0 0 0 495 255 240
Persian languages 17,095 8,600 8,495 0 0 0 326,285 163,665 162,620 0 0 0 2,615 1,390 1,225
Dari 1,280 645 640 0 0 0 78,220 38,765 39,460 0 0 0 860 420 450
Iranian Persian 14,160 7,125 7,040 0 0 0 222,160 111,750 110,415 0 0 0 1,590 885 705
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 1,790 920 865 0 0 0 30,345 15,460 14,880 0 0 0 235 135 105
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 105 55 50 0 0 0 1,830 970 855 0 0 0 25 10 15
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 80 45 35 0 0 0 2,135 1,245 895 0 0 0 35 25 15
Italic (Romance) languages 293,340 139,795 153,545 110 50 65 2,054,885 975,310 1,079,575 45 30 20 37,540 18,165 19,375
Catalan 715 400 315 0 0 0 2,855 1,560 1,305 0 0 0 35 20 15
Italian 95,535 45,630 49,905 60 15 45 547,655 263,950 283,705 0 0 0 5,230 2,505 2,725
Portuguese 28,840 14,425 14,410 0 0 0 336,865 164,985 171,880 0 0 0 9,590 4,735 4,855
Romanian 15,245 7,225 8,020 0 0 0 116,520 55,570 60,950 0 0 0 665 345 320
Spanish 177,230 83,945 93,280 35 15 20 1,171,450 548,315 623,135 45 30 20 23,435 11,295 12,140
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 405 240 165 0 0 0 4,890 2,835 2,060 0 0 0 80 40 40
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 115 70 45 0 0 0 1,965 1,025 940 0 0 0 35 20 15
Japanese 4,585 2,190 2,400 0 0 0 98,070 43,380 54,690 0 0 0 1,505 765 740
Korean 5,035 2,200 2,835 0 0 0 203,885 92,275 111,605 0 0 0 4,330 2,075 2,255
Mongolian 180 55 120 0 0 0 2,545 1,085 1,455 0 0 0 45 15 30
Niger-Congo languages 31,565 16,015 15,555 55 25 30 267,520 131,495 136,025 25 20 0 14,260 7,240 7,020
Akan (Twi) 1,340 755 585 0 0 0 26,240 12,585 13,660 0 0 0 435 250 190
Bamanankan 1,540 790 745 0 0 0 4,950 2,570 2,380 0 0 0 180 85 95
Edo 245 115 125 0 0 0 4,945 2,315 2,630 0 0 0 255 145 110
Éwé 865 505 360 0 0 0 4,645 2,490 2,165 0 0 0 70 45 30
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 2,730 1,485 1,245 25 20 10 7,840 4,100 3,740 0 0 0 160 110 50
Ga 220 145 75 0 0 0 3,255 1,565 1,685 0 0 0 60 35 20
Ganda 75 40 30 0 0 0 4,650 2,055 2,600 0 0 0 190 100 95
Gikuyu 45 0 40 0 0 0 1,850 750 1,100 0 0 0 90 40 55
Igbo 485 280 205 0 0 0 18,365 9,345 9,020 0 0 0 1,680 940 745
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 1,825 855 970 0 0 0 13,515 6,305 7,210 0 0 0 475 245 240
Lingala 7,315 3,405 3,910 15 0 10 25,720 12,260 13,460 0 0 0 550 270 280
Luba-Kasai 520 225 295 0 0 0 2,695 1,300 1,395 0 0 0 70 35 35
Mòoré 620 340 280 0 0 0 2,085 1,055 1,035 0 0 0 25 0 15
Mwani 20 15 10 0 0 0 1,080 585 490 0 0 0 50 25 20
Ndebele 115 70 40 0 0 0 2,425 1,140 1,285 0 0 0 60 25 35
Rundi (Kirundi) 2,045 1,010 1,035 0 0 0 14,825 7,070 7,755 0 0 0 430 210 215
Shona 245 150 95 0 0 0 7,280 3,440 3,845 0 0 0 305 155 150
Soninke 465 310 155 0 0 0 1,010 650 360 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sotho-Tswana languages 45 15 30 0 0 0 1,305 580 725 0 0 0 45 20 30
Swahili 3,405 1,710 1,695 0 0 0 57,295 28,950 28,340 0 0 0 3,005 1,500 1,505
Wojenaka 1,005 510 495 0 0 0 2,820 1,440 1,380 0 0 0 70 40 35
Wolof 4,030 2,185 1,840 0 0 0 12,940 6,925 6,015 0 0 0 335 200 135
Yoruba 2,040 1,025 1,015 0 0 0 50,935 25,265 25,675 0 0 0 6,075 3,030 3,045
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 7,005 3,630 3,375 0 0 0 43,625 21,935 21,685 0 0 0 1,790 900 890
Nilo-Saharan languages 705 390 315 0 0 0 11,090 5,570 5,530 0 0 0 550 280 270
Dinka 10 0 0 0 0 0 2,815 1,470 1,345 0 0 0 260 150 110
Nuer 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,490 685 805 0 0 0 30 10 10
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 690 385 310 0 0 0 6,815 3,425 3,385 0 0 0 265 120 145
African, n.o.s. 425 225 200 0 0 0 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 95 45 45
Sign languages 1,985 795 1,185 0 0 0 49,535 19,685 29,850 0 0 0 2,570 925 1,650
American Sign Language 495 160 330 0 0 0 37,620 14,430 23,195 0 0 0 2,370 830 1,545
Quebec Sign Language 1,345 510 830 0 0 0 6,195 2,525 3,670 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 340 210 130 0 0 0 7,450 3,515 3,940 0 0 0 260 130 130
Sino-Tibetan languages 56,545 26,095 30,455 70 25 45 1,550,930 721,520 829,410 20 10 10 23,835 11,375 12,460
Chinese languages 56,370 26,025 30,340 70 25 45 1,528,860 710,700 818,160 20 10 10 23,215 11,080 12,135
Hakka 335 170 160 0 0 0 14,830 6,845 7,980 0 0 0 70 25 40
Mandarin 41,405 18,880 22,525 25 10 15 987,300 452,995 534,305 20 10 10 16,765 8,055 8,715
Min Dong 35 20 20 0 0 0 1,825 840 980 0 0 0 15 0 15
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 2,725 1,170 1,560 0 0 0 51,755 22,840 28,920 0 0 0 490 220 275
Wu (Shanghainese) 695 310 390 0 0 0 13,660 6,060 7,600 0 0 0 85 50 40
Yue (Cantonese) 19,045 8,640 10,405 60 15 40 724,925 335,185 389,740 0 0 0 8,920 4,135 4,790
Chinese, n.o.s. 860 455 410 0 0 0 11,720 5,695 6,020 0 0 0 215 105 110
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 105 50 55 0 0 0 1,185 560 625 0 0 0 25 0 20
Tibeto-Burman languages 180 60 115 0 0 0 22,300 10,955 11,345 0 0 0 635 300 330
Burmese 65 10 60 0 0 0 5,935 2,910 3,025 0 0 0 165 90 75
Kuki-Chin languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 45 10 30
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,705 2,790 2,915 0 0 0 415 195 220
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,030 2,490 2,545 0 0 0 385 190 200
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 845 395 450 0 0 0 35 20 15
Tibetan 95 50 50 0 0 0 9,160 4,565 4,590 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 1,940 890 1,050 0 0 0 50 25 30
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 55 30 30 0 0 0 1,220 540 680 0 0 0 10 0 10
Tai-Kadai languages 2,755 1,240 1,520 0 0 0 33,705 14,255 19,440 0 0 0 1,645 720 920
Lao 1,985 965 1,020 0 0 0 17,630 8,320 9,310 0 0 0 1,210 565 650
Thai 1,085 390 695 0 0 0 18,575 6,955 11,615 0 0 0 620 235 385
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 30 15 20 0 0 0 800 330 465 0 0 0 15 0 10
Turkic languages 9,265 4,570 4,695 0 0 0 91,375 47,575 43,800 0 0 0 735 415 320
Azerbaijani 520 325 200 0 0 0 9,875 5,380 4,490 0 0 0 125 80 40
Kazakh 60 35 25 0 0 0 1,415 600 815 0 0 0 0 0 10
Turkish 8,445 4,105 4,340 0 0 0 78,500 41,130 37,365 0 0 0 635 355 280
Uyghur 205 95 110 0 0 0 1,660 790 875 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 140 85 55 0 0 0 3,290 1,645 1,640 0 0 0 10 0 10
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 205 90 115 0 0 0 2,150 980 1,165 0 0 0 40 30 15
Uralic languages 3,265 1,435 1,835 0 0 0 85,055 39,290 45,765 0 0 0 1,510 690 815
Estonian 85 35 50 0 0 0 5,315 2,320 2,990 0 0 0 40 10 30
Finnish 245 120 125 0 0 0 15,325 6,735 8,590 0 0 0 210 95 110
Hungarian 2,945 1,280 1,660 0 0 0 64,625 30,320 34,300 0 0 0 1,255 585 675
Other languages, n.i.e. 425 215 205 0 0 0 5,545 2,750 2,790 0 0 0 320 145 175
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 710 335 380 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 680 345 335 1,307,190 650,230 656,955
Indigenous identity45 15,315 7,080 8,235 0 0 0 1,807,250 877,645 929,605 20 0 15 237,185 115,585 121,605
Single Indigenous responses46 14,315 6,630 7,685 0 0 0 1,743,165 847,385 895,785 20 0 15 232,345 113,375 118,970
First Nations (North American Indian) 8,065 3,655 4,415 0 0 0 1,048,405 506,515 541,890 15 0 15 134,890 65,230 69,660
Métis 5,705 2,835 2,870 0 0 0 624,220 306,220 318,000 0 0 0 96,725 47,820 48,910
Inuk (Inuit) 545 135 405 0 0 0 70,540 34,645 35,895 0 0 0 725 330 395
Multiple Indigenous responses47 305 150 155 0 0 0 28,855 13,645 15,215 0 0 0 2,935 1,300 1,635
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere48 695 305 385 0 0 0 35,225 16,620 18,610 0 0 0 1,905 905 1,000
Non-Indigenous identity 1,707,915 844,530 863,385 710 335 375 34,521,230 17,059,520 17,461,710 655 335 320 1,069,995 534,645 535,350
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data44 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 710 335 380 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 680 345 335 1,307,190 650,230 656,955
Registered or Treaty Indian49 3,465 1,570 1,890 0 0 0 831,720 402,310 429,405 0 0 0 127,205 61,330 65,875
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 1,719,765 850,040 869,730 710 335 380 35,496,755 17,534,850 17,961,905 675 345 330 1,179,985 588,900 591,080
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data50 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Owner 297,340 ... ... 100 ... ... 9,955,975 ... ... 90 ... ... 349,325 ... ...
Renter 519,020 ... ... 190 ... ... 4,953,840 ... ... 255 ... ... 156,490 ... ...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0 ... ... 12,240 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data51 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Condominium 178,700 ... ... 0 ... ... 2,248,280 ... ... 35 ... ... 41,700 ... ...
Not condominium 637,660 ... ... 285 ... ... 12,730,660 ... ... 310 ... ... 476,355 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data52 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
No bedrooms 19,020 ... ... 0 ... ... 132,060 ... ... 0 ... ... 5,050 ... ...
1 bedroom 254,075 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,124,485 ... ... 75 ... ... 67,100 ... ...
2 bedrooms 284,300 ... ... 90 ... ... 3,829,965 ... ... 160 ... ... 129,795 ... ...
3 bedrooms 194,410 ... ... 125 ... ... 4,982,900 ... ... 80 ... ... 184,620 ... ...
4 or more bedrooms 64,550 ... ... 35 ... ... 3,909,525 ... ... 25 ... ... 131,485 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data53 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
1 to 4 rooms 473,475 ... ... 130 ... ... 4,662,125 ... ... 195 ... ... 151,270 ... ...
5 rooms 155,105 ... ... 90 ... ... 2,323,910 ... ... 80 ... ... 88,535 ... ...
6 rooms 69,335 ... ... 35 ... ... 2,037,185 ... ... 35 ... ... 81,220 ... ...
7 rooms 48,130 ... ... 20 ... ... 1,796,855 ... ... 10 ... ... 64,300 ... ...
8 or more rooms 70,315 ... ... 15 ... ... 4,158,855 ... ... 15 ... ... 132,725 ... ...
Average number of rooms per dwelling 4.5 ... ... 4.7 ... ... 6.1 ... ... 4.5 ... ... 6.0 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data54 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
One person or fewer per room 789,745 ... ... 270 ... ... 14,625,230 ... ... 330 ... ... 499,415 ... ...
More than one person per room 26,615 ... ... 20 ... ... 353,715 ... ... 0 ... ... 18,640 ... ...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data55 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Suitable 745,905 ... ... 255 ... ... 14,173,290 ... ... 290 ... ... 481,860 ... ...
Not suitable 70,450 ... ... 35 ... ... 805,650 ... ... 50 ... ... 36,195 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data56 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
1960 or before 293,880 ... ... 65 ... ... 3,027,045 ... ... 155 ... ... 137,225 ... ...
1961 to 1980 248,030 ... ... 200 ... ... 4,171,840 ... ... 95 ... ... 157,190 ... ...
1981 to 1990 89,700 ... ... 10 ... ... 1,982,515 ... ... 30 ... ... 65,060 ... ...
1991 to 2000 57,865 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,805,985 ... ... 20 ... ... 43,790 ... ...
2001 to 2005 28,770 ... ... 0 ... ... 959,860 ... ... 0 ... ... 21,035 ... ...
2006 to 2010 30,795 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,034,925 ... ... 15 ... ... 26,890 ... ...
2011 to 2015 33,075 ... ... 0 ... ... 967,540 ... ... 15 ... ... 30,920 ... ...
2016 to 202157 34,235 ... ... 0 ... ... 1,029,220 ... ... 0 ... ... 35,935 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data58 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed 746,280 ... ... 280 ... ... 14,059,395 ... ... 285 ... ... 478,435 ... ...
Major repairs needed 70,075 ... ... 10 ... ... 919,545 ... ... 55 ... ... 39,615 ... ...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data59 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
One-maintainer household 494,140 ... ... 190 ... ... 7,659,700 ... ... 225 ... ... 266,615 ... ...
Two-maintainer household 291,245 ... ... 85 ... ... 6,631,755 ... ... 90 ... ... 229,405 ... ...
Three-or-more-maintainer household 30,970 ... ... 15 ... ... 687,485 ... ... 15 ... ... 22,035 ... ...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data60 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
15 to 24 years 39,665 ... ... 0 ... ... 424,695 ... ... 20 ... ... 19,175 ... ...
25 to 34 years 154,835 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,077,895 ... ... 70 ... ... 77,045 ... ...
35 to 44 years 156,945 ... ... 45 ... ... 2,600,000 ... ... 45 ... ... 92,145 ... ...
45 to 54 years 137,925 ... ... 55 ... ... 2,646,945 ... ... 85 ... ... 88,630 ... ...
55 to 64 years 137,110 ... ... 50 ... ... 3,046,560 ... ... 60 ... ... 100,500 ... ...
65 to 74 years 105,800 ... ... 30 ... ... 2,432,140 ... ... 35 ... ... 80,845 ... ...
75 to 84 years 59,160 ... ... 25 ... ... 1,292,805 ... ... 10 ... ... 43,190 ... ...
85 years and over 24,920 ... ... 30 ... ... 457,900 ... ... 0 ... ... 16,520 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data61 808,950 ... ... 285 ... ... 14,687,350 ... ... 340 ... ... 492,925 ... ...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs 612,990 ... ... 230 ... ... 11,612,640 ... ... 240 ... ... 407,560 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs 195,960 ... ... 55 ... ... 3,074,715 ... ... 105 ... ... 85,365 ... ...
30% to less than 100% 171,990 ... ... 50 ... ... 2,742,920 ... ... 90 ... ... 75,790 ... ...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data62 816,355 ... ... 290 ... ... 14,978,940 ... ... 340 ... ... 518,055 ... ...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed' 301,530 ... ... 85 ... ... 4,379,420 ... ... 170 ... ... 145,805 ... ...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only 168,425 ... ... 50 ... ... 2,728,995 ... ... 65 ... ... 74,850 ... ...
Not suitable only 52,965 ... ... 25 ... ... 595,110 ... ... 40 ... ... 26,905 ... ...
Major repairs needed only 46,120 ... ... 0 ... ... 645,465 ... ... 30 ... ... 28,995 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' 10,065 ... ... 0 ... ... 135,770 ... ... 15 ... ... 4,435 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed' 16,530 ... ... 0 ... ... 199,355 ... ... 25 ... ... 5,770 ... ...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 6,480 ... ... 0 ... ... 64,095 ... ... 0 ... ... 4,540 ... ...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed' 940 ... ... 0 ... ... 10,630 ... ... 0 ... ... 310 ... ...
Acceptable housing 514,825 ... ... 205 ... ... 10,599,520 ... ... 170 ... ... 372,245 ... ...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data63 784,980 ... ... 280 ... ... 14,355,555 ... ... 325 ... ... 483,350 ... ...
In core need 82,165 ... ... 35 ... ... 1,451,025 ... ... 55 ... ... 48,810 ... ...
Not in core need 702,815 ... ... 245 ... ... 12,904,530 ... ... 270 ... ... 434,535 ... ...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 297,340 ... ... 100 ... ... 9,807,720 ... ... 90 ... ... 338,920 ... ...
% of owner households with a mortgage64 61.5 ... ... 45.0 ... ... 60.0 ... ... 66.7 ... ... 61.1 ... ...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 18.0 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 14.8 ... ... 22.2 ... ... 9.9 ... ...
% in core housing need63 3.5 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 5.3 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 4.8 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,360 ... ... 660 ... ... 1,240 ... ... 1,180 ... ... 1,100 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)65 1,532 ... ... 1,160 ... ... 1,498 ... ... 1,380 ... ... 1,225 ... ...
Median value of dwellings ($)66 500,000 ... ... 600,000 ... ... 472,000 ... ... 400,000 ... ... 304,000 ... ...
Average value of dwellings ($)66 584,500 ... ... 600,000 ... ... 618,500 ... ... 395,000 ... ... 338,800 ... ...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data 519,015 ... ... 190 ... ... 4,936,850 ... ... 250 ... ... 155,090 ... ...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing67 8.6 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 11.7 ... ... 0.0 ... ... 17.0 ... ...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs61 27.8 ... ... 21.1 ... ... 33.2 ... ... 34.0 ... ... 33.5 ... ...
% in core housing need63 14.6 ... ... 13.5 ... ... 20.0 ... ... 23.4 ... ... 22.0 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 870 ... ... 870 ... ... 1,070 ... ... 820 ... ... 1,040 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)65 969 ... ... 900 ... ... 1,209 ... ... 890 ... ... 1,074 ... ...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data 0 ... ... 0 ... ... 69,130 ... ... 0 ... ... 12,240 ... ...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs61 ... ... ... ... ... ... 5.9 ... ... ... ... ... 3.7 ... ...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 284 ... ... ... ... ... 200 ... ...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)65 ... ... ... ... ... ... 327 ... ... ... ... ... 228 ... ...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data68 1,723,230 851,615 871,620 715 330 380 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,315 675 340 335 1,307,185 650,235 656,955
Indigenous ancestry (only)69 8,560 3,785 4,780 0 0 0 985,200 480,950 504,245 15 0 15 138,505 67,565 70,940
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)70 8,395 3,715 4,680 0 0 0 963,705 470,850 492,855 15 0 15 135,665 66,250 69,410
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry 7,165 3,225 3,935 0 0 0 763,230 371,400 391,825 15 0 15 111,560 54,325 57,230
Métis single ancestry 880 380 500 0 0 0 146,010 72,680 73,325 0 0 0 23,765 11,765 12,005
Inuit single ancestry 350 110 240 0 0 0 54,475 26,770 27,700 0 0 0 335 160 175
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)71 170 70 100 0 0 0 21,490 10,095 11,395 0 0 0 2,840 1,310 1,530
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only 90 45 45 0 0 0 17,665 8,215 9,450 0 0 0 2,740 1,265 1,470
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only 70 20 55 0 0 0 2,430 1,185 1,250 0 0 0 55 30 30
Métis and Inuit ancestry only 10 10 0 0 0 0 1,070 530 535 0 0 0 50 15 30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 320 165 155 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries72 28,175 12,775 15,400 0 0 0 1,219,285 585,590 633,690 15 10 10 100,900 49,370 51,530
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries73 27,945 12,705 15,240 0 0 0 1,183,350 568,980 614,365 15 10 10 96,245 47,335 48,905
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only 25,185 11,485 13,695 0 0 0 801,630 384,550 417,075 15 10 10 38,520 18,690 19,830
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 2,455 1,140 1,310 0 0 0 362,130 174,975 187,150 0 0 0 57,175 28,405 28,770
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 310 80 235 0 0 0 19,595 9,450 10,150 0 0 0 545 240 305
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries74 225 70 160 0 0 0 35,930 16,605 19,320 0 0 0 4,660 2,030 2,625
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only 195 60 130 0 0 0 31,815 14,790 17,025 0 0 0 4,495 1,955 2,540
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 15 0 15 0 0 0 2,785 1,190 1,595 0 0 0 90 40 50
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,005 500 505 0 0 0 70 40 30
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only 20 0 15 0 0 0 330 125 210 0 0 0 0 0 0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only75 1,686,490 835,050 851,435 705 330 375 34,124,000 16,870,625 17,253,375 645 335 310 1,067,785 533,300 534,485
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data76 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 710 330 380 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 675 345 330 1,307,185 650,235 656,955
Canadian citizens77 1,434,570 703,030 731,545 560 265 295 33,143,225 16,360,910 16,782,315 540 270 275 1,175,775 582,760 593,015
Canadian citizens aged under 18 279,730 142,810 136,925 145 85 60 6,784,875 3,486,545 3,298,330 100 55 45 275,095 141,220 133,875
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over 1,154,835 560,215 594,620 415 175 235 26,358,355 12,874,365 13,483,990 445 210 230 900,680 441,540 459,145
Not Canadian citizens78 288,660 148,585 140,075 155 70 85 3,185,250 1,576,255 1,608,995 130 75 60 131,410 67,470 63,940
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data79 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 710 330 380 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 675 345 330 1,307,185 650,235 656,955
Non-immigrants80 1,017,325 502,500 514,820 325 150 180 27,042,120 13,461,515 13,580,610 420 225 200 1,015,280 505,375 509,905
Immigrants81 576,120 278,025 298,100 330 150 180 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,340 190 80 105 257,620 125,385 132,230
Before 1980 87,415 40,730 46,685 55 20 40 1,540,610 731,340 809,265 20 0 15 38,780 18,260 20,520
1980 to 1990 59,835 29,275 30,555 30 10 20 924,320 443,805 480,520 0 0 0 21,210 10,580 10,630
1991 to 2000 95,220 45,340 49,880 60 30 30 1,511,475 708,315 803,165 35 20 15 21,305 9,845 11,460
2001 to 2010 139,575 67,480 72,090 55 35 20 1,930,525 911,190 1,019,340 50 25 25 65,555 32,250 33,305
2011 to 202182 194,080 95,195 98,885 125 55 70 2,454,570 1,181,515 1,273,055 70 25 45 110,770 54,455 56,315
2011 to 2015 90,040 43,785 46,255 65 35 30 1,126,330 536,615 589,715 40 15 25 52,400 25,565 26,840
2016 to 2021 104,040 51,410 52,630 60 20 40 1,328,240 644,900 683,335 35 10 20 58,370 28,890 29,480
Non-permanent residents83 129,780 71,085 58,695 55 30 25 924,850 499,490 425,365 70 40 30 34,290 19,475 14,820
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data84 576,125 278,025 298,100 330 150 175 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 190 80 105 257,620 125,385 132,230
Under 5 years 45,920 23,340 22,575 20 10 10 748,265 377,795 370,470 20 0 20 26,725 13,740 12,990
5 to 14 years 90,130 45,385 44,740 30 10 25 1,438,440 730,675 707,765 30 10 25 50,695 26,085 24,615
15 to 24 years 104,655 46,955 57,705 90 45 45 1,594,290 720,630 873,660 30 15 15 45,575 21,480 24,095
25 to 44 years 290,245 141,865 148,380 150 65 85 3,783,335 1,782,805 2,000,525 80 45 35 113,910 54,055 59,855
45 years and over 45,170 20,475 24,700 35 20 15 797,180 364,260 432,920 25 15 10 20,710 10,035 10,680
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data85 576,125 278,025 298,100 330 150 175 8,361,505 3,976,160 4,385,345 190 80 105 257,620 125,385 132,230
Americas 127,690 58,995 68,690 35 15 20 1,203,180 546,325 656,855 50 25 25 32,020 15,230 16,795
Brazil 3,760 1,770 1,990 0 0 0 48,450 22,405 26,050 0 0 0 1,810 905 900
Colombia 8,195 3,835 4,360 0 0 0 80,570 36,675 43,900 0 0 0 1,140 565 575
El Salvador 6,400 3,265 3,130 0 0 0 49,450 24,430 25,015 0 0 0 2,575 1,350 1,230
Guyana 1,350 660 690 0 0 0 85,530 37,870 47,660 0 0 0 1,190 505 685
Haiti 47,555 21,110 26,445 0 0 0 99,945 44,585 55,360 0 0 0 190 95 100
Jamaica 2,670 1,090 1,585 15 0 10 145,360 63,430 81,925 0 0 0 2,110 995 1,115
Mexico 8,225 4,005 4,220 0 0 0 90,585 42,215 48,370 0 0 0 5,845 2,825 3,025
Peru 6,715 3,060 3,660 0 0 0 31,420 13,925 17,490 0 0 0 250 110 140
Trinidad and Tobago 2,120 970 1,155 0 0 0 65,035 29,110 35,930 0 0 0 1,630 800 835
United States of America 10,180 5,260 4,920 0 0 0 256,090 115,380 140,705 0 0 0 6,705 2,875 3,830
Other places of birth in Americas 30,520 13,985 16,535 10 0 10 250,760 116,305 134,460 25 15 10 8,570 4,205 4,365
Europe 137,155 66,390 70,765 70 35 35 1,967,620 955,840 1,011,785 30 10 25 53,125 26,140 26,980
Bosnia and Herzegovina 780 390 385 0 0 0 35,925 17,705 18,220 0 0 0 940 495 450
Croatia 760 390 375 0 0 0 36,675 18,115 18,560 0 0 0 765 365 400
France 39,280 20,790 18,485 15 10 0 121,525 63,845 57,685 0 0 0 975 535 440
Germany 2,480 1,285 1,200 0 0 0 126,470 60,560 65,915 0 0 0 9,360 4,805 4,560
Greece 7,730 3,445 4,285 10 0 0 54,715 27,050 27,665 0 0 0 770 440 335
Hungary 1,365 650 720 0 0 0 31,050 14,595 16,450 0 0 0 625 300 330
Italy 30,215 14,095 16,120 30 10 25 204,065 101,445 102,625 0 0 0 2,470 1,225 1,245
Netherlands 500 310 190 0 0 0 75,830 39,020 36,810 10 0 0 2,055 1,055 995
Poland 4,685 1,965 2,720 0 0 0 135,030 60,660 74,370 0 0 0 4,395 1,995 2,405
Portugal 7,715 3,520 4,195 0 0 0 128,795 62,880 65,910 0 0 0 4,040 1,965 2,075
Romania 9,655 4,440 5,215 0 0 0 86,770 40,820 45,955 0 0 0 615 310 305
Russian Federation 5,520 2,235 3,290 0 0 0 81,840 35,185 46,650 0 0 0 4,235 1,910 2,320
Serbia86 675 320 350 0 0 0 31,925 15,480 16,450 0 0 0 405 190 220
Ukraine 4,385 1,940 2,445 0 0 0 81,135 36,840 44,295 0 0 0 5,370 2,580 2,785
United Kingdom87 4,005 2,245 1,755 0 0 0 464,135 229,710 234,430 0 0 0 10,995 5,390 5,605
Other places of birth in Europe 17,395 8,365 9,030 0 0 0 271,725 131,935 139,790 0 0 0 5,105 2,585 2,520
Africa 140,555 71,665 68,890 95 50 45 821,735 412,365 409,375 50 25 30 27,150 13,605 13,545
Algeria 43,840 22,680 21,165 20 15 10 79,660 41,065 38,600 0 0 0 345 145 200
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6,025 2,765 3,265 15 0 10 33,110 15,775 17,340 0 0 0 1,425 750 675
Egypt 9,400 4,720 4,685 0 0 0 73,710 38,730 34,980 0 0 0 1,315 690 630
Eritrea 495 250 250 0 0 0 31,385 16,575 14,815 0 0 0 2,940 1,550 1,390
Ethiopia 660 305 355 0 0 0 41,715 19,955 21,760 0 0 0 2,945 1,380 1,565
Morocco 33,005 16,490 16,515 0 0 0 81,775 41,085 40,685 0 0 0 480 250 230
Nigeria 1,200 630 565 0 0 0 81,290 41,665 39,620 0 0 0 8,550 4,420 4,125
Somalia 400 200 200 0 0 0 32,500 14,600 17,900 0 0 0 880 350 530
South Africa, Republic of 415 275 140 0 0 0 51,590 25,740 25,855 0 0 0 1,180 615 565
Other places of birth in Africa 45,115 23,355 21,760 45 20 30 314,995 157,170 157,825 20 15 10 7,090 3,465 3,625
Asia 169,860 80,480 89,375 130 55 70 4,307,000 2,030,575 2,276,420 55 25 30 144,495 69,980 74,515
Afghanistan 1,100 570 535 0 0 0 62,450 30,940 31,515 0 0 0 845 395 450
Iran88 9,815 4,825 4,990 0 0 0 182,940 92,300 90,645 0 0 0 1,105 630 475
Iraq 1,610 890 725 0 0 0 84,130 42,660 41,465 0 0 0 1,295 650 645
Lebanon 17,455 9,230 8,220 0 0 0 95,725 50,675 45,055 0 0 0 345 190 150
Syria89 12,040 6,095 5,940 0 0 0 97,590 49,855 47,735 0 0 0 1,905 1,020 880
Turkey 4,010 2,020 1,995 0 0 0 35,270 18,835 16,435 0 0 0 255 145 110
China90 26,330 11,650 14,680 40 15 25 715,835 317,970 397,860 0 0 0 10,250 4,760 5,490
Hong Kong91 2,375 1,130 1,245 0 0 0 213,855 100,480 113,375 0 0 0 1,255 640 620
Korea, South92 2,680 1,185 1,495 0 0 0 138,355 63,025 75,325 0 0 0 2,955 1,440 1,515
Taiwan 1,265 540 725 0 0 0 65,365 28,725 36,635 0 0 0 285 105 180
Philippines 20,475 7,940 12,535 0 0 0 719,580 305,115 414,460 10 0 10 70,265 32,770 37,500
Viet Nam 16,395 7,460 8,935 20 10 10 182,095 82,670 99,425 0 0 0 4,575 2,120 2,455
Bangladesh 7,035 3,560 3,475 0 0 0 70,090 35,675 34,415 0 0 0 1,295 655 640
India 13,570 7,040 6,525 35 20 20 898,050 451,120 446,930 0 0 0 32,155 16,625 15,535
Pakistan 5,730 3,040 2,690 0 0 0 234,105 118,390 115,715 0 0 0 4,170 2,155 2,015
Sri Lanka 6,965 3,425 3,540 0 0 0 136,240 66,215 70,030 0 0 0 1,125 535 585
Other places of birth in Asia 21,010 9,890 11,120 0 0 0 375,340 175,930 199,410 0 0 0 10,410 5,145 5,265
Oceania and other places of birth93 860 485 375 0 0 0 61,965 31,055 30,910 0 0 0 830 430 395
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data94 104,040 51,410 52,625 60 20 40 1,328,240 644,900 683,340 30 10 20 58,370 28,890 29,480
Americas 15,850 7,650 8,205 0 0 0 154,490 74,275 80,215 0 0 0 5,285 2,610 2,675
Brazil 1,105 455 645 0 0 0 19,895 9,340 10,560 0 0 0 1,435 740 695
Colombia 1,260 575 685 0 0 0 11,455 5,090 6,365 0 0 0 290 145 150
Haiti 5,495 2,700 2,795 0 0 0 10,550 5,155 5,400 0 0 0 50 30 20
Jamaica 135 70 60 0 0 0 15,155 7,740 7,420 0 0 0 435 230 205
Mexico 1,320 690 625 0 0 0 17,150 8,405 8,745 0 0 0 660 325 335
United States of America 2,255 1,165 1,090 0 0 0 39,875 19,790 20,085 0 0 0 1,035 520 515
Venezuela95 915 355 555 0 0 0 7,060 2,980 4,075 0 0 0 45 10 30
Other places of birth in Americas 3,375 1,630 1,740 0 0 0 33,350 15,785 17,570 0 0 0 1,340 615 725
Europe 17,760 9,335 8,425 0 0 0 134,425 69,310 65,120 0 0 0 4,380 2,200 2,175
France 11,735 6,290 5,445 0 0 0 27,175 14,560 12,610 0 0 0 160 95 70
Germany 235 130 105 0 0 0 5,365 2,660 2,705 0 0 0 565 275 290
Ireland96 55 45 10 0 0 0 6,355 4,000 2,350 0 0 0 155 95 55
Italy 420 260 160 0 0 0 4,240 2,470 1,770 0 0 0 130 70 65
Russian Federation 625 235 390 0 0 0 10,905 4,335 6,570 0 0 0 655 320 335
Ukraine 750 355 395 0 0 0 14,515 6,570 7,945 0 0 0 1,305 610 695
United Kingdom87 480 290 185 0 0 0 22,755 13,550 9,200 0 0 0 405 235 165
Other places of birth in Europe 3,465 1,725 1,740 0 0 0 43,120 21,160 21,960 0 0 0 1,010 510 500
Africa 34,835 17,255 17,575 20 0 20 206,965 102,875 104,090 15 0 10 11,065 5,545 5,525
Algeria 10,085 4,925 5,160 0 0 0 15,745 7,530 8,220 0 0 0 250 85 160
Burundi 715 385 335 0 0 0 4,935 2,420 2,510 0 0 0 90 60 35
Cameroon 3,555 1,730 1,825 0 0 0 11,795 5,545 6,250 0 0 0 100 50 50
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 1,490 645 845 0 0 0 8,915 4,200 4,720 0 0 0 445 235 210
Côte d'Ivoire 1,625 785 835 0 0 0 7,915 3,795 4,125 0 0 0 75 20 50
Egypt 1,470 795 675 0 0 0 12,120 6,285 5,835 0 0 0 280 140 140
Eritrea 275 145 125 0 0 0 16,330 8,755 7,575 0 0 0 1,445 755 685
Ethiopia 90 40 45 0 0 0 9,385 4,415 4,970 0 0 0 680 280 405
Morocco 5,375 2,535 2,835 0 0 0 12,835 6,025 6,810 0 0 0 220 115 105
Nigeria 550 310 240 0 0 0 40,360 20,575 19,780 0 0 0 5,105 2,660 2,445
Somalia 40 25 20 0 0 0 6,315 3,240 3,075 0 0 0 385 155 230
South Africa, Republic of 105 55 50 0 0 0 8,510 4,290 4,220 0 0 0 270 150 120
Sudan97 70 40 35 0 0 0 4,690 2,375 2,315 0 0 0 390 185 200
Tunisia 3,360 1,755 1,610 0 0 0 8,155 4,185 3,975 0 0 0 100 75 30
Other places of birth in Africa 6,015 3,075 2,945 10 0 10 38,960 19,250 19,715 0 0 0 1,235 580 655
Asia 35,290 16,975 18,315 35 15 20 823,205 393,110 430,090 10 0 0 37,420 18,415 19,005
Afghanistan 180 95 85 0 0 0 12,730 6,290 6,440 0 0 0 135 55 75
Bangladesh 960 465 495 0 0 0 13,185 6,670 6,515 0 0 0 580 265 315
China90 4,960 2,085 2,875 0 0 0 118,035 50,365 67,665 0 0 0 3,585 1,670 1,915
Hong Kong91 55 10 40 0 0 0 6,495 2,880 3,620 0 0 0 210 100 115
India 5,690 3,035 2,655 15 0 10 246,995 128,205 118,790 0 0 0 13,340 6,785 6,550
Iran88 2,275 1,025 1,250 0 0 0 25,650 12,310 13,340 0 0 0 265 150 120
Iraq 245 145 100 0 0 0 17,715 8,835 8,875 0 0 0 655 305 355
Israel 145 90 60 0 0 0 4,850 2,565 2,290 0 0 0 505 250 255
Japan 185 55 130 0 0 0 4,445 1,035 3,410 0 0 0 80 25 60
Jordan 355 160 195 0 0 0 4,635 2,375 2,260 0 0 0 145 60 85
Korea, South92 750 320 435 0 0 0 20,985 8,790 12,200 0 0 0 870 440 425
Lebanon 1,710 930 775 0 0 0 9,980 5,120 4,860 0 0 0 180 105 75
Nepal 180 110 75 0 0 0 4,890 2,475 2,415 0 0 0 100 55 45
Pakistan 1,030 520 505 0 0 0 36,255 18,070 18,190 0 0 0 1,210 640 570
Philippines 5,730 2,455 3,280 0 0 0 151,490 66,720 84,765 0 0 0 11,705 5,535 6,165
Saudi Arabia 860 540 325 0 0 0 9,560 5,195 4,365 0 0 0 130 70 65
Sri Lanka 500 205 295 0 0 0 8,480 4,010 4,465 0 0 0 190 95 100
Syria89 5,895 3,065 2,835 0 0 0 63,130 32,725 30,410 0 0 0 1,575 855 725
Turkey 520 295 225 0 0 0 10,150 5,520 4,635 0 0 0 120 65 60
United Arab Emirates 580 290 290 0 0 0 8,405 4,325 4,085 0 0 0 175 95 80
Viet Nam 910 395 515 0 0 0 14,725 5,605 9,125 0 0 0 580 250 335
Other places of birth in Asia 1,565 680 880 0 0 0 30,410 13,035 17,375 0 0 0 1,075 545 530
Oceania and other93 305 195 110 0 0 0 9,160 5,335 3,825 0 0 0 215 120 100
Australia 195 125 65 0 0 0 6,535 3,845 2,685 0 0 0 105 50 50
Other places of birth98 110 70 45 0 0 0 2,625 1,490 1,135 0 0 0 115 65 45
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data99 1,723,225 851,610 871,615 710 335 380 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 675 345 330 1,307,190 650,230 656,955
First generation100 725,270 358,390 366,885 405 195 210 9,606,595 4,631,905 4,974,690 255 120 135 302,745 150,415 152,330
Second generation101 361,130 181,485 179,645 165 80 90 6,393,310 3,207,980 3,185,330 85 45 35 202,165 100,815 101,345
Third generation or more102 636,825 311,740 325,090 145 60 80 20,328,565 10,097,280 10,231,290 330 175 160 802,280 398,995 403,280
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data103 488,705 237,295 251,410 275 135 140 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 165 80 90 218,840 107,130 111,715
Economic immigrants104 267,215 137,555 129,660 95 55 40 3,673,705 1,837,625 1,836,090 85 30 55 147,400 74,600 72,800
Principal applicants105 135,610 78,460 57,150 55 40 15 1,556,675 935,790 620,885 35 20 15 57,330 34,270 23,060
Secondary applicants106 131,610 59,100 72,515 40 10 30 2,117,030 901,835 1,215,200 45 10 35 90,070 40,330 49,740
Immigrants sponsored by family107 133,215 54,390 78,825 120 45 75 2,016,010 821,325 1,194,685 65 40 30 45,750 19,465 26,285
Refugees108 79,320 41,035 38,285 45 30 15 1,039,275 543,725 495,550 15 10 10 24,560 12,580 11,985
Other immigrants109 8,955 4,310 4,645 15 10 0 91,900 42,145 49,755 0 0 0 1,130 485 645
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data110 488,705 237,295 251,410 275 135 140 6,820,895 3,244,820 3,576,075 165 80 90 218,840 107,130 111,715
Asylum claim before admission111 50,275 26,560 23,710 45 25 20 416,105 222,895 193,205 0 0 0 2,360 1,280 1,080
Work permits only before admission112 50,365 23,725 26,640 20 0 15 705,405 324,370 381,035 10 0 10 16,195 8,620 7,570
Study permits only before admission113 11,765 6,105 5,655 0 0 0 183,250 92,135 91,110 0 0 0 4,360 2,245 2,115
Work and study permits before admission114 25,200 14,095 11,105 10 0 0 377,130 188,535 188,590 10 0 0 11,250 6,310 4,935
Other permits before admission115 4,400 1,875 2,525 0 0 0 39,540 15,685 23,855 0 0 0 1,235 510 725
No pre-admission experience116 346,705 164,930 181,775 195 100 100 5,099,470 2,401,190 2,698,280 135 60 75 183,440 88,155 95,290
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data117 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 710 335 380 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 675 345 335 1,307,190 650,230 656,955
Total visible minority population118 668,975 330,800 338,175 445 215 230 9,639,205 4,712,790 4,926,415 315 150 170 290,735 146,545 144,190
South Asian 79,670 42,620 37,050 105 65 40 2,571,400 1,324,120 1,247,275 40 0 30 71,215 38,300 32,915
Chinese 56,935 26,075 30,860 70 20 40 1,715,770 808,745 907,035 0 0 0 25,390 12,400 12,995
Black 198,610 96,350 102,255 185 95 90 1,547,870 754,100 793,765 130 70 60 46,485 23,800 22,680
Filipino 27,355 11,555 15,805 0 0 0 957,355 427,755 529,600 30 15 15 94,315 45,640 48,675
Arab 141,935 74,355 67,585 40 15 25 694,015 362,845 331,170 45 15 35 7,820 4,120 3,695
Latin American 78,150 38,450 39,705 25 10 10 580,235 281,030 299,200 30 25 10 12,835 6,425 6,410
Southeast Asian 37,905 17,950 19,955 20 10 10 390,340 184,120 206,220 35 10 25 11,370 5,470 5,905
West Asian 17,500 8,735 8,765 0 0 0 360,495 181,795 178,695 0 0 0 3,450 1,800 1,645
Korean 5,245 2,365 2,880 0 0 0 218,140 101,855 116,285 0 0 0 4,325 2,095 2,225
Japanese 2,645 1,045 1,600 0 0 0 98,890 42,315 56,575 0 0 0 1,860 885 975
Visible minority, n.i.e.119 5,470 2,675 2,795 0 0 0 172,885 83,310 89,580 0 0 0 3,220 1,520 1,700
Multiple visible minorities 17,540 8,615 8,920 0 0 0 331,805 160,790 171,010 0 0 0 8,455 4,080 4,375
Not a visible minority120 1,054,255 520,810 533,445 265 115 150 26,689,275 13,224,375 13,464,900 355 195 160 1,016,450 503,690 512,760
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data121 1,723,230 851,610 871,615 710 330 375 36,328,475 17,937,165 18,391,310 675 345 330 1,307,185 650,235 656,955
Canadian 216,645 104,085 112,565 40 10 30 5,677,205 2,836,675 2,840,530 120 60 65 109,195 55,655 53,545
English 43,185 22,080 21,110 0 0 0 5,322,830 2,600,245 2,722,580 20 15 0 210,285 102,600 107,685
Irish 80,635 38,520 42,120 25 15 10 4,413,120 2,102,610 2,310,505 70 45 25 144,420 68,390 76,030
Scottish 44,880 21,650 23,230 20 0 15 4,392,200 2,131,620 2,260,580 20 10 10 189,650 92,140 97,500
French, n.o.s.122 307,670 155,535 152,135 25 10 10 3,985,945 1,964,695 2,021,250 55 40 15 121,095 59,145 61,945
German 31,730 15,215 16,510 20 0 10 2,955,695 1,449,465 1,506,230 0 0 0 177,355 87,730 89,630
Chinese 61,715 28,350 33,365 65 25 45 1,713,870 806,365 907,500 0 0 0 29,550 14,350 15,200
Italian 135,430 66,225 69,205 80 30 50 1,546,390 774,250 772,140 10 10 0 22,835 11,405 11,435
Indian (India) 36,920 19,740 17,180 60 35 25 1,347,715 691,535 656,185 0 0 0 38,825 20,540 18,280
Ukrainian 14,865 7,080 7,785 10 0 0 1,258,635 612,455 646,175 0 0 0 165,305 80,985 84,320
Dutch 6,520 3,225 3,295 0 0 0 988,585 489,045 499,545 10 0 0 43,390 21,330 22,055
Polish 23,515 11,460 12,060 0 0 0 982,820 472,290 510,525 0 0 0 78,860 38,085 40,780
Québécois 103,145 51,885 51,265 25 10 15 981,635 490,130 491,510 35 25 10 1,270 650 620
British Isles, n.o.s.123 11,665 6,000 5,670 0 0 0 938,950 462,420 476,530 0 0 0 26,990 13,555 13,440
Filipino 26,105 11,050 15,045 0 0 0 925,490 414,915 510,570 35 15 15 90,945 43,995 46,955
French Canadian 59,380 28,470 30,910 20 15 10 906,315 441,610 464,705 45 25 25 12,435 5,870 6,555
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.124 19,910 10,385 9,530 0 0 0 691,260 347,080 344,175 25 10 10 17,290 8,920 8,365
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.125 15,970 7,210 8,760 0 0 0 632,340 304,220 328,120 10 0 10 58,255 28,405 29,850
Métis 3,645 1,645 2,000 0 0 0 560,335 271,985 288,350 0 0 0 88,300 43,445 44,860
European, n.o.s.126 22,450 11,380 11,070 0 0 0 551,910 278,060 273,850 0 0 0 14,900 7,525 7,380
Russian 20,180 9,420 10,760 0 0 0 548,140 260,075 288,065 0 0 0 48,570 23,770 24,795
Norwegian 2,370 1,150 1,220 0 0 0 466,500 224,290 242,210 0 0 0 19,115 8,940 10,180
Welsh 3,345 1,715 1,630 0 0 0 455,720 216,490 239,230 0 0 0 17,180 8,090 9,090
Portuguese 23,120 11,280 11,840 10 0 0 448,305 222,770 225,535 0 0 0 13,395 6,755 6,645
American 11,970 5,910 6,055 0 0 0 353,495 172,240 181,255 0 0 0 8,345 4,040 4,310
Spanish 31,535 15,600 15,940 0 0 0 342,040 160,475 181,570 15 15 0 10,845 5,165 5,680
Swedish 2,500 1,180 1,320 0 0 0 334,505 156,840 177,665 0 0 0 21,165 9,840 11,325
Hungarian 9,065 4,385 4,680 0 0 0 320,150 155,755 164,395 0 0 0 10,175 5,030 5,150
Acadian 11,725 5,325 6,400 0 0 0 305,170 145,500 159,675 0 0 0 1,465 710 760
Pakistani 9,080 4,870 4,210 40 20 15 303,260 154,435 148,825 0 0 0 5,030 2,605 2,425
African, n.o.s.127 33,155 16,460 16,695 35 20 15 301,955 148,335 153,625 10 10 0 8,460 4,385 4,070
Jewish 26,680 13,550 13,135 0 0 0 282,015 141,530 140,490 0 0 0 11,745 5,775 5,970
Punjabi 5,655 3,385 2,270 0 0 0 279,950 145,620 134,330 0 0 0 13,790 7,570 6,215
Vietnamese 26,955 12,890 14,070 0 0 0 275,530 131,075 144,445 0 0 0 7,290 3,470 3,820
Arab, n.o.s.128 52,935 28,050 24,885 0 0 0 263,710 138,210 125,500 0 0 0 3,245 1,750 1,495
Greek 26,980 13,250 13,725 25 10 10 262,140 132,975 129,160 0 0 0 3,795 1,960 1,835
Jamaican 5,905 2,760 3,140 0 0 0 249,070 119,265 129,805 25 15 10 4,475 2,370 2,100
Asian, n.o.s.129 8,475 3,860 4,610 0 0 0 226,220 107,785 118,435 0 0 0 9,280 4,610 4,680
Cree, n.o.s.130 780 355 430 0 0 0 219,855 105,825 114,030 0 0 0 40,225 19,450 20,770
Korean 5,445 2,485 2,960 0 0 0 217,650 101,805 115,845 0 0 0 4,250 2,040 2,210
Romanian 16,255 7,785 8,470 0 0 0 215,885 103,720 112,165 0 0 0 5,510 2,655 2,855
Lebanese 30,115 15,635 14,475 0 0 0 210,605 107,990 102,615 0 0 0 1,505 765 740
Iranian 12,890 6,310 6,575 0 0 0 200,465 100,790 99,675 0 0 0 1,455 825 630
Christian, n.i.e.131 11,615 5,780 5,835 0 0 0 200,340 99,800 100,540 0 0 0 5,240 2,640 2,600
Danish 1,820 845 970 0 0 0 196,945 96,220 100,725 0 0 0 7,700 3,640 4,060
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.132 3,710 1,705 2,005 0 0 0 194,840 94,035 100,810 0 0 0 17,400 8,510 8,890
Sikh 3,335 1,775 1,560 20 10 10 194,640 101,255 93,385 0 0 0 9,095 4,855 4,240
Austrian 3,485 1,725 1,755 0 0 0 189,535 92,740 96,800 0 0 0 11,440 5,540 5,900
Belgian 10,940 5,520 5,420 0 0 0 182,175 90,150 92,030 0 0 0 20,580 10,335 10,245
Haitian 80,485 37,710 42,775 0 0 0 178,990 84,510 94,490 0 0 0 390 230 160
Hindu 5,610 3,195 2,420 0 0 0 166,160 87,665 78,495 0 0 0 4,560 2,485 2,075
Mexican 15,365 7,685 7,680 0 0 0 155,495 77,435 78,055 25 20 0 7,425 3,720 3,710
Mennonite 385 195 195 0 0 0 155,095 77,735 77,360 0 0 0 51,200 25,700 25,500
Swiss 5,470 2,695 2,775 0 0 0 145,570 72,015 73,555 0 0 0 5,255 2,550 2,705
Finnish 1,000 425 580 0 0 0 144,055 69,270 74,785 0 0 0 4,100 1,950 2,145
Sri Lankan 7,720 3,820 3,905 0 0 0 132,410 65,175 67,240 0 0 0 1,180 625 560
Croatian 2,230 1,080 1,155 0 0 0 130,820 64,915 65,905 0 0 0 3,080 1,545 1,530
Japanese 3,565 1,490 2,075 0 0 0 129,425 56,850 72,580 0 0 0 2,770 1,305 1,465
South Asian, n.o.s.133 1,770 970 800 0 0 0 120,125 60,575 59,550 0 0 0 1,730 910 820
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.134 2,310 1,015 1,300 0 0 0 111,605 53,700 57,905 0 0 0 1,115 560 555
Northern European, n.o.s.135 1,300 685 615 0 0 0 110,735 54,730 56,005 0 0 0 4,505 2,125 2,375
Muslim 8,530 4,530 3,995 0 0 0 105,620 54,095 51,525 0 0 0 1,895 980 910
Egyptian 13,040 6,810 6,230 0 0 0 105,245 55,230 50,020 0 0 0 1,635 870 765
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.136 12,215 6,250 5,965 0 0 0 104,765 51,375 53,395 0 0 0 2,755 1,290 1,470
Tamil 4,835 2,245 2,585 0 0 0 102,170 51,165 51,005 15 0 0 350 205 145
Icelandic 345 205 145 0 0 0 101,990 50,370 51,620 0 0 0 31,105 15,305 15,795
Colombian 11,580 5,525 6,055 0 0 0 100,555 47,995 52,560 0 0 0 1,380 650 730
Moroccan 37,360 19,125 18,235 0 0 0 99,980 50,835 49,150 0 0 0 540 250 290
Czech 2,395 1,080 1,315 0 0 0 98,925 47,495 51,430 0 0 0 4,330 2,080 2,245
Syrian 13,935 6,830 7,105 0 0 0 98,250 49,385 48,865 0 0 0 1,680 875 800
Guyanese 1,650 815 835 0 0 0 97,210 46,270 50,940 0 0 0 1,375 670 705
Afghan 1,885 1,005 885 0 0 0 96,810 48,255 48,550 0 0 0 1,240 625 615
Black, n.o.s.137 7,275 3,530 3,740 0 0 0 94,585 44,335 50,250 15 10 0 2,175 1,135 1,045
Serbian 1,755 835 920 0 0 0 93,360 46,945 46,410 0 0 0 1,335 665 670
Ojibway 250 130 125 0 0 0 92,220 44,610 47,600 0 0 0 24,885 11,890 12,995
Newfoundlander 390 230 160 0 0 0 91,670 45,665 46,005 0 0 0 830 440 395
Hong Konger 1,000 460 540 0 0 0 81,680 39,485 42,195 0 0 0 1,020 515 510
Ontarian 795 370 430 0 0 0 80,555 39,675 40,880 0 0 0 530 260 275
Persian 4,285 2,325 1,955 0 0 0 80,340 41,415 38,925 0 0 0 555 285 275
Trinidadian/Tobagonian 2,925 1,500 1,425 0 0 0 77,405 37,655 39,750 0 0 0 2,460 1,215 1,245
Turkish 8,160 4,055 4,105 0 0 0 76,745 39,955 36,795 0 0 0 885 520 360
Inuit, n.o.s.138 775 220 555 0 0 0 76,675 37,315 39,365 0 0 0 1,140 515 620
Bangladeshi 8,790 4,475 4,310 0 0 0 75,425 39,085 36,335 0 0 0 1,850 1,125 725
Algerian 40,570 21,135 19,435 0 0 0 73,770 38,035 35,740 0 0 0 290 145 150
Brazilian 6,440 3,085 3,355 0 0 0 71,755 34,670 37,085 0 0 0 2,110 1,030 1,080
Nigerian 1,780 820 955 0 0 0 69,540 34,680 34,860 0 0 0 5,580 2,860 2,720
Armenian 10,715 5,120 5,595 0 0 0 68,850 34,105 34,745 0 0 0 410 180 230
Slovak 1,375 640 735 0 0 0 68,210 33,475 34,740 0 0 0 2,135 1,005 1,130
Eastern European, n.o.s.139 2,990 1,430 1,555 0 0 0 66,780 31,525 35,255 0 0 0 2,975 1,425 1,550
Somali 1,155 550 610 0 0 0 65,555 31,555 33,995 0 0 0 1,490 700 785
Taiwanese 1,860 860 1,000 0 0 0 64,020 29,280 34,740 0 0 0 435 160 280
Iraqi 1,770 975 800 0 0 0 59,300 29,865 29,435 0 0 0 740 355 390
Salvadorean 9,125 4,430 4,700 0 0 0 59,280 29,150 30,130 0 0 0 2,575 1,360 1,215
African Caribbean 5,045 2,265 2,780 0 0 0 59,050 26,385 32,670 0 0 0 820 355 455
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.140 1,775 775 995 0 0 0 58,870 27,845 31,025 0 0 0 2,060 1,030 1,025
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.141 3,005 1,655 1,355 0 0 0 58,840 30,560 28,280 0 0 0 715 390 325
Caribbean, n.o.s.142 4,900 2,065 2,835 0 0 0 57,195 25,715 31,475 0 0 0 1,240 565 685
Algonquin 1,725 860 865 0 0 0 56,070 27,025 29,040 0 0 0 525 300 225
West Indian, n.o.s.143 1,900 775 1,120 0 0 0 52,085 23,685 28,395 0 0 0 1,150 555 595
Lithuanian 2,110 930 1,180 0 0 0 52,040 24,510 27,530 0 0 0 1,330 660 665
South African 465 220 245 0 0 0 49,840 24,885 24,955 0 0 0 1,195 595 600
Australian 830 405 425 0 0 0 46,765 24,165 22,595 0 0 0 895 435 465
Palestinian 3,525 1,890 1,640 0 0 0 45,905 23,930 21,975 0 0 0 555 310 250
Chilean 6,025 2,985 3,040 0 0 0 45,685 22,520 23,165 0 0 0 1,580 810 770
Congolese 9,965 4,820 5,140 30 15 20 45,260 22,000 23,260 0 0 0 1,410 715 690
Nova Scotian 505 225 280 0 0 0 44,720 21,700 23,025 0 0 0 305 145 160
Ethiopian 965 495 475 0 0 0 42,545 20,675 21,875 0 0 0 2,975 1,440 1,530
Hispanic, n.o.s.144 3,165 1,615 1,550 0 0 0 42,405 20,105 22,300 0 0 0 1,130 635 500
Peruvian 8,415 3,870 4,545 0 0 0 42,295 19,925 22,370 0 0 0 345 160 185
Yoruba 1,710 940 770 0 0 0 42,075 21,740 20,330 0 0 0 4,885 2,540 2,350
Cambodian (Khmer) 8,775 4,125 4,650 0 0 0 41,950 19,835 22,115 0 0 0 815 400 420
Berber 19,835 10,545 9,290 0 0 0 41,700 22,325 19,370 0 0 0 235 115 120
Albanian 2,560 1,300 1,260 0 0 0 41,620 21,050 20,570 0 0 0 485 215 270
Maltese 360 200 160 0 0 0 40,670 20,210 20,455 0 0 0 375 160 215
Macedonian 325 165 160 0 0 0 39,440 19,500 19,940 0 0 0 260 145 120
Slovenian 825 365 455 0 0 0 38,595 18,785 19,815 0 0 0 990 470 525
Western European, n.o.s.145 2,185 1,225 960 0 0 0 38,520 18,935 19,585 0 0 0 825 385 440
New Brunswicker 850 430 425 0 0 0 37,670 18,235 19,435 0 0 0 135 70 70
Gujarati 880 475 405 0 0 0 36,970 19,580 17,385 0 0 0 1,250 765 480
Eritrean 615 305 310 0 0 0 36,290 18,185 18,110 0 0 0 3,345 1,670 1,675
African Canadian 1,290 680 610 0 0 0 35,395 17,140 18,250 0 0 0 610 325 290
Israeli 2,760 1,485 1,275 0 0 0 35,345 18,410 16,940 0 0 0 1,435 770 670
Mohawk 1,345 600 740 0 0 0 33,330 16,485 16,845 0 0 0 470 235 240
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.146 550 235 315 0 0 0 33,135 15,355 17,775 0 0 0 1,645 740 905
Bulgarian 4,040 1,955 2,085 0 0 0 33,085 16,235 16,850 0 0 0 350 185 170
Albertan 100 35 65 0 0 0 32,575 16,525 16,055 0 0 0 170 85 85
Ghanaian 1,735 925 810 0 0 0 31,720 15,650 16,065 0 0 0 565 335 235
Barbadian 2,410 1,195 1,215 0 0 0 31,440 15,265 16,175 0 0 0 515 250 265
African American 1,600 790 810 0 0 0 31,430 15,700 15,730 0 0 0 860 455 405
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.147 825 450 375 0 0 0 30,565 14,635 15,930 0 0 0 860 425 440
Tunisian 11,510 6,360 5,150 0 0 0 30,465 16,585 13,875 0 0 0 170 105 65
Slavic, n.o.s.148 1,350 615 725 0 0 0 30,220 15,225 14,995 0 0 0 1,175 600 570
Cuban 3,770 1,915 1,850 0 0 0 30,065 14,830 15,235 0 0 0 260 90 170
Bosnian 510 245 270 0 0 0 28,490 14,320 14,170 0 0 0 1,040 510 530
Venezuelan 3,895 1,730 2,160 0 0 0 28,395 13,220 15,175 0 0 0 190 65 125
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.149 1,610 705 905 0 0 0 28,225 13,490 14,735 0 0 0 75 30 50
Latvian 625 330 295 0 0 0 28,140 13,515 14,620 0 0 0 1,310 660 650
Bengali 3,570 1,775 1,800 0 0 0 26,675 13,830 12,850 0 0 0 495 325 175
Cameroonian 6,740 3,360 3,380 0 0 0 26,535 12,960 13,580 0 0 0 240 105 135
Guatemalan 4,875 2,545 2,330 0 0 0 26,460 13,920 12,540 0 0 0 505 285 225
Indonesian 1,000 455 540 0 0 0 26,330 11,910 14,415 0 0 0 605 265 340
Laotian 2,510 1,280 1,235 0 0 0 25,875 12,500 13,375 0 0 0 1,840 895 950
Ilocano 1,085 525 565 0 0 0 25,575 11,860 13,715 0 0 0 1,365 740 625
Northern Irish 310 160 150 0 0 0 25,200 12,495 12,710 0 0 0 645 320 330
Celtic, n.o.s.150 585 295 290 0 0 0 24,420 12,265 12,155 0 0 0 635 335 300
British Columbian 90 40 50 0 0 0 24,325 12,230 12,095 0 0 0 110 65 50
Ecuadorian 1,190 565 630 0 0 0 24,255 11,510 12,745 0 0 0 280 120 160
Franco Ontarian 675 355 315 0 0 0 24,110 11,540 12,570 0 0 0 80 40 40
Argentinian 2,545 1,310 1,230 0 0 0 23,500 11,665 11,840 0 0 0 625 290 335
Estonian 365 215 150 0 0 0 23,455 11,080 12,375 0 0 0 320 170 145
Kurdish 1,470 840 635 0 0 0 23,130 12,670 10,460 0 0 0 590 300 285
Fijian 15 0 10 0 0 0 23,020 11,040 11,980 0 0 0 120 70 50
Jatt 390 185 205 0 0 0 22,785 11,695 11,090 0 0 0 1,240 610 625
North American, n.o.s.151 715 370 345 0 0 0 22,785 11,680 11,105 0 0 0 520 270 250
Coptic 2,240 1,170 1,070 0 0 0 22,570 11,405 11,165 0 0 0 615 300 315
Thai 1,150 395 755 0 0 0 22,275 8,525 13,750 0 0 0 820 315 505
Dominican 5,245 2,460 2,790 0 0 0 22,125 10,615 11,510 0 0 0 260 135 120
Nepali 430 240 185 0 0 0 21,975 11,215 10,765 0 0 0 625 335 285
Kabyle 10,940 5,660 5,275 50 25 30 20,565 10,595 9,975 0 0 0 60 35 20
Assyrian 345 150 200 0 0 0 19,685 9,730 9,955 0 0 0 15 15 0
Igbo 565 325 240 0 0 0 19,305 9,890 9,415 0 0 0 1,715 915 800
Byelorussian 1,090 555 535 0 0 0 18,850 9,055 9,795 0 0 0 775 390 390
Dene, n.o.s.152 25 10 15 0 0 0 18,745 9,030 9,710 0 0 0 1,370 650 725
Blackfoot, n.o.s.153 100 45 50 0 0 0 18,545 8,975 9,570 0 0 0 455 245 205
Abenaki 1,685 750 935 0 0 0 18,420 8,545 9,870 0 0 0 10 0 0
Moldovan 3,295 1,630 1,665 0 0 0 18,190 8,850 9,340 0 0 0 235 110 120
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.154 1,120 500 615 0 0 0 17,955 8,625 9,330 0 0 0 215 110 105
New Zealander 265 150 115 0 0 0 17,755 9,275 8,470 0 0 0 270 115 155
Sudanese 300 155 145 0 0 0 17,485 8,825 8,665 0 0 0 355 150 200
Breton 3,775 1,765 2,010 0 0 0 17,465 8,710 8,755 0 0 0 290 155 135
Pennsylvania Dutch 45 20 25 0 0 0 17,315 7,300 10,020 0 0 0 380 160 220
Malaysian 375 205 165 0 0 0 17,050 7,935 9,115 0 0 0 330 170 155
Plains Cree 35 15 20 0 0 0 16,570 8,255 8,310 0 0 0 295 160 135
North African, n.o.s.155 5,440 2,890 2,545 0 0 0 16,315 8,565 7,750 0 0 0 190 100 90
Huron (Wendat) 1,425 655 770 0 0 0 15,910 7,715 8,195 0 0 0 145 50 95
Saskatchewanian 70 25 45 0 0 0 15,780 7,505 8,280 0 0 0 395 170 220
Buddhist 690 295 400 0 0 0 15,660 7,485 8,175 0 0 0 400 200 200
Gaspesian 1,565 705 860 0 0 0 15,650 7,290 8,360 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norman 1,850 905 940 0 0 0 15,340 8,155 7,190 0 0 0 115 50 70
Southern or East African, n.o.s.156 260 105 155 0 0 0 15,055 7,180 7,875 0 0 0 410 195 210
Ivorian 3,370 1,610 1,760 0 0 0 15,010 7,255 7,755 0 0 0 130 45 85
Saulteaux 35 10 15 0 0 0 14,265 6,730 7,535 0 0 0 3,445 1,545 1,900
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.157 140 60 85 0 0 0 14,260 6,525 7,735 0 0 0 3,585 1,550 2,030
Burundian 2,120 1,025 1,090 0 0 0 14,110 6,810 7,295 0 0 0 385 200 185
Tigrinya 370 210 160 0 0 0 13,910 7,435 6,470 0 0 0 1,400 735 665
Nicaraguan 1,255 630 625 0 0 0 13,840 6,730 7,120 0 0 0 405 205 205
Mauritian 1,955 1,080 870 0 0 0 13,755 7,020 6,730 0 0 0 230 130 105
Kenyan 210 95 115 0 0 0 13,565 6,510 7,055 0 0 0 485 240 245
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 13,525 6,610 6,915 0 0 0 5,665 2,790 2,880
Vincentian 2,215 885 1,330 0 0 0 13,245 5,800 7,445 0 0 0 130 60 70
Jordanian 770 430 340 0 0 0 13,225 7,055 6,170 0 0 0 175 100 75
Manitoban 110 45 60 0 0 0 13,095 6,530 6,565 0 0 0 7,155 3,600 3,555
Cape Bretoner 50 15 35 0 0 0 13,065 6,175 6,885 0 0 0 65 40 25
Rwandan 2,125 975 1,155 0 0 0 12,890 6,150 6,740 0 0 0 365 165 200
Grenadian 910 350 560 0 0 0 12,890 5,965 6,930 0 0 0 115 45 70
Malayali 335 185 150 0 0 0 12,490 6,580 5,910 0 0 0 310 165 145
Chaldean 110 40 75 0 0 0 12,115 6,080 6,035 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sinhalese 310 150 165 0 0 0 12,080 5,905 6,170 0 0 0 615 275 335
Mayan 1,695 900 795 0 0 0 11,710 5,980 5,730 0 0 0 605 310 295
Honduran 2,260 1,015 1,240 0 0 0 10,920 5,370 5,550 0 0 0 560 295 265
Cherokee 195 90 100 0 0 0 10,825 5,080 5,745 0 0 0 310 110 195
Qalipu Mi'kmaq 15 10 0 0 0 0 10,750 5,130 5,620 0 0 0 55 20 30
Indo-Caribbean 280 135 140 0 0 0 10,490 4,710 5,775 0 0 0 215 100 115
Flemish 520 265 255 0 0 0 10,275 4,950 5,325 0 0 0 1,095 495 590
United Empire Loyalist 90 45 50 0 0 0 10,015 4,975 5,045 0 0 0 155 55 100
Senegalese 3,165 1,585 1,580 0 0 0 9,955 5,115 4,840 0 0 0 100 45 55
Azerbaijani 510 260 245 0 0 0 9,915 5,165 4,750 0 0 0 130 85 45
Sicilian 970 495 470 0 0 0 9,835 5,135 4,695 0 0 0 370 165 205
Pashtun 475 245 220 0 0 0 9,825 5,195 4,625 0 0 0 135 75 60
Malay 300 135 165 0 0 0 9,795 4,725 5,065 0 0 0 455 210 250
Goan 115 55 60 0 0 0 9,700 4,710 4,990 0 0 0 80 50 35
Bantu, n.o.s.158 1,635 815 815 0 0 0 9,455 4,705 4,755 0 0 0 325 185 135
Tibetan 135 65 70 0 0 0 9,350 4,650 4,700 0 0 0 10 10 0
Zimbabwean 180 105 75 0 0 0 9,165 4,435 4,725 0 0 0 235 110 125
Burmese 225 105 120 0 0 0 9,150 4,385 4,760 0 0 0 260 130 130
Mongolian 480 210 270 0 0 0 9,090 4,240 4,850 0 0 0 195 90 115
Azorean 730 310 415 0 0 0 8,970 4,235 4,735 0 0 0 205 105 100
Atikamekw 325 145 180 0 0 0 8,400 4,270 4,125 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bamileke 2,160 1,115 1,040 25 15 10 8,315 4,220 4,090 0 0 0 15 10 10
Indo-Guyanese 125 60 65 0 0 0 8,310 3,765 4,545 0 0 0 130 50 85
Ugandan 100 55 50 0 0 0 8,285 3,910 4,375 0 0 0 225 105 120
Oromo 50 25 25 0 0 0 8,255 4,425 3,830 0 0 0 485 260 220
Tanzanian 175 85 90 0 0 0 8,140 3,945 4,195 0 0 0 130 55 75
Yemeni 515 275 240 0 0 0 8,115 3,995 4,130 0 0 0 150 60 90
Central African 1,415 675 740 0 0 0 8,080 3,830 4,250 0 0 0 210 65 140
Libyan 590 320 270 0 0 0 7,945 4,265 3,680 0 0 0 250 130 125
Basque 980 515 465 0 0 0 7,745 4,030 3,710 0 0 0 75 30 50
Uruguayan 785 450 335 0 0 0 7,660 3,870 3,790 0 0 0 60 25 35
Akan, n.o.s.159 545 270 270 0 0 0 7,640 3,835 3,805 0 0 0 115 50 60
Central or West African, n.o.s.160 870 500 370 0 0 0 7,635 3,690 3,950 0 0 0 280 130 150
Igorot 290 105 185 0 0 0 7,535 3,305 4,230 0 0 0 195 105 90
Fulani 2,380 1,260 1,120 0 0 0 7,480 3,865 3,620 0 0 0 205 105 105
Woodland Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,415 3,615 3,800 0 0 0 250 125 125
Guinean 2,670 1,375 1,290 25 15 10 7,390 3,700 3,695 0 0 0 60 30 35
St. Lucian 255 100 155 0 0 0 7,285 3,340 3,945 0 0 0 70 20 45
Prince Edward Islander 0 0 0 0 0 0 7,225 3,355 3,875 0 0 0 20 10 10
Maliseet 200 70 135 0 0 0 7,220 3,515 3,705 0 0 0 30 15 15
Beninese 2,000 1,140 865 0 0 0 6,810 3,630 3,180 0 0 0 105 65 40
Telugu 180 125 55 0 0 0 6,670 3,730 2,945 0 0 0 90 50 35
Roma 235 110 125 0 0 0 6,545 3,225 3,320 0 0 0 230 100 130
Costa Rican 720 425 295 0 0 0 6,500 3,265 3,230 0 0 0 140 55 80
African Nova Scotian 215 105 115 0 0 0 6,480 2,945 3,535 0 0 0 40 20 20
Malagasy 1,625 755 865 0 0 0 6,255 3,085 3,170 0 0 0 70 40 25
Kashmiri 75 40 30 0 0 0 6,165 3,020 3,145 0 0 0 65 35 35
Singaporean 75 55 15 0 0 0 6,060 2,755 3,305 0 0 0 40 15 25
Karen 10 0 0 0 0 0 6,050 3,065 2,985 0 0 0 460 250 215
Edo 290 130 155 0 0 0 5,985 2,995 2,995 0 0 0 400 210 190
Tajik 100 45 55 0 0 0 5,980 2,965 3,015 0 0 0 55 30 20
Amhara 95 45 45 0 0 0 5,945 3,010 2,930 0 0 0 455 225 235
Paraguayan 90 35 60 0 0 0 5,925 2,855 3,075 0 0 0 3,210 1,570 1,640
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data161 1,723,230 851,610 871,620 710 335 380 36,328,480 17,937,165 18,391,315 680 345 335 1,307,190 650,230 656,955
Buddhist 26,395 11,650 14,745 55 20 40 356,975 157,435 199,540 0 0 0 7,440 3,365 4,080
Christian 853,205 397,365 455,840 400 180 220 19,373,325 9,131,320 10,242,005 375 195 185 708,850 335,490 373,365
Christian, n.o.s.162 105,435 50,405 55,035 120 50 60 2,760,760 1,319,760 1,440,995 40 25 10 149,880 73,465 76,415
Anabaptist 195 80 120 0 0 0 144,145 70,095 74,050 0 0 0 31,000 14,905 16,095
Anglican 9,480 4,260 5,220 10 0 0 1,134,315 515,270 619,045 15 0 10 42,660 18,960 23,700
Baptist 11,620 5,335 6,290 0 0 0 436,940 200,325 236,615 0 0 0 14,260 6,770 7,490
Catholic 602,630 280,655 321,975 220 95 125 10,880,360 5,193,345 5,687,010 265 125 145 276,925 132,290 144,635
Christian Orthodox 55,730 26,490 29,235 15 10 0 623,010 301,055 321,955 0 0 0 17,445 8,240 9,205
Jehovah's Witness 6,790 2,720 4,070 0 0 0 137,255 59,505 77,750 0 0 0 3,985 1,770 2,215
Latter Day Saints 1,140 520 620 0 0 0 87,725 41,365 46,360 10 10 0 1,640 815 830
Lutheran 1,510 685 825 0 0 0 328,045 150,115 177,925 0 0 0 27,775 12,665 15,115
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness) 840 400 440 0 0 0 100,655 46,640 54,020 0 0 0 1,860 915 945
Pentecostal and other Charismatic 14,860 6,485 8,380 0 0 0 399,025 180,870 218,155 20 10 10 20,465 9,700 10,765
Presbyterian 2,615 1,230 1,380 0 0 0 301,400 136,440 164,960 0 0 0 5,725 2,585 3,140
Reformed 310 150 165 0 0 0 79,870 39,250 40,620 0 0 0 2,430 1,210 1,220
United Church 3,950 1,655 2,295 0 0 0 1,214,185 531,740 682,445 10 0 10 75,425 33,275 42,150
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions 36,100 16,305 19,790 15 10 0 745,650 345,540 400,110 10 10 0 37,380 17,925 19,455
Hindu 30,430 16,600 13,835 0 0 0 828,195 430,135 398,060 15 0 10 18,355 10,005 8,350
Jewish 35,930 17,990 17,940 0 0 0 335,295 164,220 171,070 0 0 0 11,565 5,685 5,875
Muslim 218,395 113,570 104,820 120 65 60 1,775,715 904,205 871,510 60 20 40 26,430 13,960 12,470
Sikh 15,630 8,360 7,265 70 40 30 771,790 394,345 377,445 0 0 0 35,470 18,625 16,850
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality 205 80 130 0 0 0 80,685 38,460 42,230 0 0 0 10,190 4,735 5,455
Other religions and spiritual traditions 8,860 4,145 4,710 0 0 0 229,015 97,645 131,370 0 0 0 8,570 3,665 4,910
No religion and secular perspectives 534,180 281,845 252,340 60 25 35 12,577,475 6,619,395 5,958,080 190 120 75 480,315 254,700 225,615
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data163 1,706,230 842,970 863,255 705 320 380 35,986,480 17,761,880 18,224,600 665 335 325 1,291,715 642,120 649,595
Non-movers 1,471,775 723,745 748,030 660 300 355 31,600,930 15,595,875 16,005,050 585 290 295 1,131,315 562,370 568,945
Movers 234,450 119,225 115,230 45 25 20 4,385,555 2,166,005 2,219,550 80 50 35 160,395 79,750 80,650
Non-migrants 174,665 88,775 85,895 45 25 20 2,572,400 1,270,395 1,302,005 65 45 20 107,815 53,405 54,415
Migrants 59,790 30,455 29,335 0 0 0 1,813,155 895,610 917,550 20 0 15 52,580 26,350 26,235
Internal migrants 31,510 15,825 15,685 0 0 0 1,519,200 748,025 771,180 15 0 15 43,010 21,565 21,445
Intraprovincial migrants 22,730 11,190 11,535 0 0 0 1,250,235 612,810 637,425 15 0 15 28,745 13,895 14,850
Interprovincial migrants 8,780 4,635 4,145 0 0 0 268,965 135,215 133,750 0 0 0 14,260 7,670 6,595
External migrants 28,280 14,630 13,650 0 0 0 293,955 147,585 146,370 0 0 0 9,575 4,785 4,790
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data164 1,634,705 806,720 827,980 670 305 360 34,504,330 17,002,250 17,502,080 635 320 320 1,228,155 609,800 618,355
Non-movers 890,430 431,050 459,385 495 215 275 21,061,090 10,370,425 10,690,660 300 150 145 754,005 374,495 379,510
Movers 744,270 375,675 368,595 175 90 85 13,443,240 6,631,825 6,811,420 340 170 175 474,145 235,305 238,850
Non-migrants 416,555 207,830 208,725 55 30 25 5,773,890 2,840,425 2,933,460 200 115 85 249,915 123,190 126,720
Migrants 327,720 167,840 159,875 120 60 60 7,669,355 3,791,400 3,877,955 140 55 85 224,235 112,110 112,125
Internal migrants 145,860 72,315 73,545 20 0 10 5,976,960 2,932,205 3,044,755 60 20 40 154,275 76,075 78,205
Intraprovincial migrants 118,675 58,715 59,960 10 0 0 5,055,615 2,472,510 2,583,105 55 15 40 122,120 59,775 62,345
Interprovincial migrants 27,185 13,600 13,580 10 0 0 921,345 459,695 461,650 0 0 0 32,155 16,295 15,860
External migrants 181,860 95,525 86,335 100 55 50 1,692,390 859,195 833,200 80 35 45 69,960 36,035 33,925
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 570 255 320 30,335,920 14,861,250 15,474,670 590 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,905
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 253,885 125,810 128,075 115 55 55 5,474,175 2,907,175 2,567,000 170 110 65 220,975 119,615 101,360
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 1,199,415 587,940 611,470 460 195 260 24,861,745 11,954,065 12,907,675 415 195 225 837,440 402,890 434,545
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,205 492,180 489,025 375 170 205 19,568,265 9,620,340 9,947,925 400 225 175 675,695 335,160 340,535
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate 115,240 62,335 52,905 45 30 20 2,271,360 1,309,215 962,140 115 80 40 93,765 54,570 39,190
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate166 865,970 429,855 436,115 330 145 185 17,296,905 8,311,120 8,985,780 285 150 140 581,930 280,590 301,345
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data165 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 570 255 315 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 590 300 290 1,058,415 522,505 535,905
No certificate, diploma or degree 228,310 111,220 117,090 100 50 45 4,899,580 2,534,175 2,365,395 170 105 65 199,845 106,915 92,930
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 281,440 143,785 137,655 165 95 75 8,097,295 4,022,790 4,074,505 175 65 105 326,725 165,725 161,000
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 943,545 458,740 484,805 300 110 195 17,339,045 8,304,275 9,034,770 250 130 120 531,840 249,865 281,975
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 420,630 208,325 212,310 165 60 105 9,252,800 4,623,985 4,628,815 155 85 70 289,775 143,310 146,465
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 135,320 75,570 59,755 60 15 45 2,641,555 1,811,500 830,055 50 35 15 70,655 50,775 19,880
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 98,575 50,165 48,415 55 15 35 1,458,160 827,980 630,185 30 15 15 33,000 19,615 13,385
Apprenticeship certificate169 36,750 25,405 11,335 0 0 0 1,183,395 983,525 199,870 20 20 0 37,655 31,170 6,495
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 226,630 107,020 119,610 90 40 50 5,714,490 2,439,925 3,274,560 100 45 55 187,205 78,650 108,555
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 58,675 25,735 32,945 10 0 10 896,755 372,560 524,195 0 0 0 31,915 13,885 18,030
Bachelor's degree or higher 522,915 250,415 272,500 135 45 90 8,086,245 3,680,285 4,405,955 95 45 50 242,070 106,550 135,515
Bachelor's degree 294,530 137,550 156,980 100 35 65 5,295,360 2,339,045 2,956,315 60 30 25 170,835 73,420 97,410
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 51,000 23,685 27,315 0 0 0 556,510 243,200 313,310 20 10 10 19,020 8,040 10,980
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 13,135 6,300 6,830 0 0 0 214,105 108,000 106,105 0 0 0 6,605 3,540 3,055
Master's degree 138,940 68,590 70,355 30 0 25 1,740,605 824,250 916,355 10 0 10 39,155 17,765 21,395
Earned doctorate171 25,315 14,295 11,025 0 0 0 279,660 165,795 113,870 0 0 0 6,460 3,790 2,670
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data165 981,210 492,185 489,025 380 170 205 19,568,260 9,620,335 9,947,920 405 225 175 675,695 335,160 340,535
No certificate, diploma or degree 97,670 52,760 44,910 40 25 15 1,931,855 1,094,855 837,000 115 80 35 82,960 48,095 34,865
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate167 146,020 79,740 66,280 95 60 35 4,501,365 2,349,540 2,151,825 95 45 50 191,820 101,785 90,030
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 737,515 359,680 377,835 240 85 155 13,135,045 6,175,940 6,959,105 190 100 90 400,915 185,280 215,635
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level 302,205 152,275 149,925 125 50 75 6,703,100 3,338,215 3,364,885 105 60 50 206,375 101,960 104,415
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma 103,365 56,740 46,625 50 15 35 1,886,510 1,280,245 606,260 40 25 15 48,360 34,915 13,440
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma168 76,115 38,060 38,055 40 15 30 1,050,285 586,420 463,865 25 15 15 21,795 13,050 8,745
Apprenticeship certificate169 27,250 18,680 8,565 0 0 0 836,220 693,830 142,395 15 15 0 26,560 21,860 4,695
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma170 155,015 75,780 79,230 65 35 30 4,193,505 1,796,935 2,396,575 65 30 30 136,480 57,535 78,945
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level 43,825 19,755 24,070 10 0 10 623,090 261,035 362,050 0 0 0 21,540 9,510 12,025
Bachelor's degree or higher 435,315 207,405 227,905 120 40 80 6,431,940 2,837,720 3,594,215 85 45 40 194,545 83,315 111,225
Bachelor's degree 239,785 112,440 127,345 85 30 55 4,177,455 1,808,555 2,368,900 45 30 15 138,130 58,540 79,585
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level 42,855 19,650 23,205 0 0 0 430,875 179,230 251,645 15 0 10 14,055 5,695 8,360
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry 10,470 4,595 5,875 0 0 0 167,730 75,120 92,615 0 0 0 5,440 2,700 2,740
Master's degree 121,575 59,570 62,010 25 0 20 1,446,435 659,295 787,145 15 0 10 32,255 13,895 18,355
Earned doctorate171 20,630 11,160 9,475 0 0 0 209,445 115,530 93,915 0 0 0 4,665 2,480 2,180
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data172 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 570 250 315 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 590 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,905
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 509,755 255,010 254,740 270 150 125 12,996,870 6,556,970 6,439,900 345 170 170 526,565 272,640 253,930
Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 15 10 0 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 10 0 10 46,425 12,035 34,390
13. Education 47,580 11,515 36,060 15 10 0 1,113,015 258,365 854,655 10 0 10 46,425 12,035 34,390
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 63,605 30,650 32,955 10 0 10 631,255 274,065 357,190 0 0 0 13,220 5,915 7,305
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 7,690 5,340 2,350 0 0 0 74,785 53,390 21,395 0 0 0 1,400 1,070 325
50. Visual and performing arts 55,915 25,310 30,600 10 0 10 556,470 220,680 335,790 0 0 0 11,820 4,840 6,980
Humanities 69,055 27,655 41,405 20 0 20 926,560 354,120 572,440 20 0 10 26,260 11,175 15,085
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 13,280 3,420 9,860 15 0 15 106,345 23,460 82,885 0 0 0 1,910 505 1,405
23. English language and literature/letters 7,005 2,310 4,695 0 0 0 184,600 53,020 131,580 0 0 0 4,390 1,270 3,120
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 24,785 10,755 14,030 0 0 0 316,050 119,215 196,830 0 0 0 8,810 3,550 5,260
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 750 270 485 0 0 0 18,935 6,835 12,095 0 0 0 520 205 320
38. Philosophy and religious studies 4,470 2,710 1,765 0 0 0 57,745 33,040 24,700 0 0 0 1,810 1,085 725
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,895 1,240 655 0 0 0 77,510 46,140 31,365 0 0 0 4,670 2,665 2,010
54. History 5,890 3,170 2,720 0 0 0 108,935 58,310 50,620 0 0 0 3,250 1,745 1,510
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 10,980 3,785 7,195 0 0 0 56,440 14,090 42,345 0 0 0 890 155 740
Social and behavioural sciences and law 135,105 49,230 85,875 40 15 30 2,016,125 670,770 1,345,360 35 10 25 53,520 18,160 35,360
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,930 580 1,345 0 0 0 29,430 7,065 22,365 0 0 0 1,105 230 880
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 21,825 7,570 14,260 0 0 0 233,400 88,205 145,200 0 0 0 4,755 2,230 2,525
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 16,140 1,820 14,315 10 0 0 344,150 27,905 316,240 0 0 0 11,430 840 10,590
22. Legal professions and studies 24,300 9,690 14,610 10 0 0 325,785 115,335 210,445 20 0 15 7,840 2,605 5,235
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 3,725 1,115 2,610 0 0 0 49,855 16,000 33,850 0 0 0 1,425 430 995
42. Psychology 18,040 4,375 13,670 10 0 10 327,965 79,295 248,665 0 0 0 9,330 2,620 6,715
45. Social sciences 49,145 24,080 25,070 10 0 0 705,540 336,960 368,580 15 0 10 17,630 9,200 8,425
Business, management and public administration 212,570 93,910 118,660 80 20 55 3,758,250 1,488,175 2,270,075 70 25 45 109,380 42,975 66,405
30.16 Accounting and computer science 195 110 85 0 0 0 5,335 1,705 3,630 0 0 0 285 55 235
44. Public administration and social service professions 10,270 2,590 7,675 0 0 0 272,240 55,995 216,245 0 0 0 9,140 2,145 6,995
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 202,105 91,205 110,895 80 20 55 3,480,675 1,430,475 2,050,200 65 20 45 99,955 40,780 59,175
Physical and life sciences and technologies 48,295 25,025 23,270 25 0 10 719,715 353,540 366,175 0 0 0 18,690 9,215 9,480
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 19,755 8,140 11,615 10 0 10 297,055 121,615 175,435 0 0 0 7,670 3,530 4,140
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 7,970 4,260 3,710 0 0 0 155,955 72,245 83,705 0 0 0 5,710 2,780 2,930
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 4,885 2,495 2,400 0 0 0 35,380 14,950 20,430 0 0 0 650 110 545
40. Physical sciences 14,030 9,170 4,855 0 0 0 196,620 130,745 65,875 0 0 0 3,680 2,510 1,170
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,650 965 690 0 0 0 34,710 13,985 20,730 0 0 0 990 290 700
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 58,555 41,475 17,080 20 10 10 804,230 531,435 272,795 15 15 0 23,790 15,020 8,770
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 47,925 35,890 12,030 20 10 10 643,145 454,370 188,775 15 15 0 20,040 13,490 6,550
25. Library science 3,205 810 2,400 0 0 0 43,085 7,100 35,985 0 0 0 1,190 190 1,000
27. Mathematics and statistics 6,060 3,785 2,280 0 0 0 99,360 57,560 41,800 0 0 0 2,300 1,180 1,125
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 1,365 995 375 0 0 0 18,640 12,400 6,240 0 0 0 255 155 100
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 153,375 127,040 26,335 40 40 0 3,506,120 3,131,220 374,900 50 50 0 101,835 92,590 9,240
04. Architecture and related services 11,945 6,400 5,550 0 0 0 135,020 81,930 53,090 0 0 0 2,910 1,660 1,245
14. Engineering 67,700 52,785 14,915 20 20 0 900,475 723,080 177,395 20 20 0 20,020 16,270 3,745
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 24,350 20,890 3,460 10 10 0 726,155 638,355 87,800 0 0 0 22,455 19,910 2,550
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 580 190 390 0 0 0 10 10 0
46. Construction trades 19,805 18,840 970 0 0 0 703,905 683,060 20,845 10 10 0 23,215 22,610 605
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 18,350 17,680 675 0 0 0 659,480 640,895 18,590 20 20 0 23,255 22,635 620
48. Precision production 11,150 10,425 725 0 0 0 380,505 363,710 16,795 0 0 0 9,980 9,495 480
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 10,155 5,040 5,115 0 0 0 407,545 234,360 173,175 0 0 0 17,715 11,285 6,435
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 6,670 3,340 3,330 0 0 0 262,580 140,520 122,070 0 0 0 14,210 9,130 5,075
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,490 1,700 1,785 0 0 0 144,960 93,845 51,115 0 0 0 3,510 2,150 1,355
Health and related fields 106,500 26,315 80,185 35 0 35 2,444,500 485,615 1,958,885 25 10 15 92,705 18,030 74,675
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 6,050 3,110 2,945 0 0 0 180,785 89,005 91,780 10 0 0 4,550 2,195 2,355
51. Health professions and related programs178 95,775 20,920 74,855 35 0 35 2,194,395 360,540 1,833,855 20 0 15 85,955 14,675 71,285
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 170 75 100 0 0 0 5,255 1,425 3,825 0 0 0 190 40 150
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 4,505 2,215 2,290 0 0 0 64,030 34,630 29,400 0 0 0 2,005 1,120 885
Personal, protective and transportation services 38,585 20,835 17,750 20 0 20 1,006,425 520,970 485,455 0 0 0 28,215 13,460 14,755
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 24,500 9,050 15,445 20 0 20 548,520 151,115 397,410 0 0 0 17,270 4,460 12,810
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 3,965 3,520 445 0 0 0 130 120 10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 160 160 0 0 0 0 6,900 6,210 690 0 0 0 170 145 25
43. Security and protective services 6,385 4,920 1,465 0 0 0 227,835 160,930 66,905 0 0 0 5,055 3,610 1,450
49. Transportation and materials moving 7,525 6,685 840 0 0 0 219,205 199,190 20,010 0 0 0 5,590 5,125 465
Other179 165 45 120 0 0 0 5,305 1,640 3,665 0 0 0 85 15 70
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data172 981,205 492,180 489,025 375 170 205 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 400 225 175 675,695 335,160 340,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree173 243,690 132,500 111,190 140 85 50 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 210 125 90 274,780 149,880 124,900
Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 10 10 0 742,175 158,185 583,990 10 0 10 31,325 7,835 23,490
13. Education 33,780 8,105 25,675 10 10 0 742,175 158,185 583,990 10 0 10 31,325 7,835 23,490
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies 50,935 25,035 25,900 0 0 0 490,455 210,500 279,955 0 0 0 9,955 4,360 5,595
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services 6,360 4,440 1,920 0 0 0 54,645 38,170 16,475 0 0 0 910 675 240
50. Visual and performing arts 44,575 20,595 23,980 0 0 0 435,815 172,330 263,480 0 0 0 9,040 3,685 5,355
Humanities 46,970 18,990 27,980 20 0 20 649,695 241,235 408,465 10 0 10 18,715 7,650 11,075
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics 10,150 2,655 7,500 15 0 15 79,235 16,400 62,835 0 0 0 1,605 415 1,185
23. English language and literature/letters 5,430 1,810 3,620 0 0 0 134,815 37,610 97,210 0 0 0 3,280 895 2,385
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 14,680 6,710 7,965 0 0 0 216,725 80,505 136,220 0 0 0 6,415 2,490 3,925
30A Interdisciplinary humanities174 530 180 345 0 0 0 12,910 4,540 8,370 0 0 0 355 125 235
38. Philosophy and religious studies 3,255 1,965 1,290 0 0 0 41,640 23,645 17,990 0 0 0 1,310 770 545
39. Theology and religious vocations 1,090 765 325 0 0 0 48,920 29,245 19,675 0 0 0 3,060 1,795 1,270
54. History 4,355 2,340 2,015 0 0 0 78,415 40,800 37,615 0 0 0 2,120 1,090 1,030
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN 7,470 2,560 4,910 0 0 0 37,045 8,490 28,555 0 0 0 575 65 510
Social and behavioural sciences and law 106,455 38,085 68,370 35 10 25 1,588,720 502,835 1,085,885 25 10 15 42,590 13,760 28,825
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies 1,550 480 1,065 0 0 0 23,895 5,520 18,370 0 0 0 945 195 745
09. Communication, journalism and related programs 18,665 6,420 12,245 0 0 0 196,475 72,125 124,350 0 0 0 4,080 1,845 2,235
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences 12,815 1,340 11,475 0 0 0 270,970 20,095 250,875 0 0 0 9,110 660 8,460
22. Legal professions and studies 19,485 7,385 12,100 0 0 0 261,265 82,850 178,420 15 0 10 6,550 1,940 4,600
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences175 2,760 840 1,925 0 0 0 37,830 12,160 25,670 0 0 0 1,170 320 850
42. Psychology 13,520 3,205 10,310 15 0 15 249,205 55,840 193,365 0 0 0 6,975 1,905 5,065
45. Social sciences 37,670 18,415 19,255 10 0 0 549,090 254,250 294,840 10 0 0 13,760 6,895 6,865
Business, management and public administration 173,115 76,040 97,075 75 20 50 2,941,315 1,140,050 1,801,260 55 25 30 83,775 32,270 51,505
30.16 Accounting and computer science 165 90 65 0 0 0 3,995 1,335 2,665 0 0 0 245 50 200
44. Public administration and social service professions 8,055 2,070 5,980 0 0 0 213,140 40,230 172,910 0 0 0 6,845 1,410 5,440
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services 164,900 73,875 91,030 75 20 50 2,724,175 1,098,490 1,625,685 50 20 30 76,680 30,810 45,870
Physical and life sciences and technologies 32,990 16,980 16,010 10 0 10 513,555 241,780 271,785 0 0 0 13,795 6,460 7,340
26. Biological and biomedical sciences 16,185 6,735 9,450 10 0 10 227,460 90,390 137,075 0 0 0 5,835 2,520 3,320
30.01 Biological and physical sciences 3,955 2,115 1,840 0 0 0 108,350 48,075 60,280 0 0 0 4,110 1,925 2,180
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences176 1,310 725 585 0 0 0 14,270 5,690 8,580 0 0 0 575 95 480
40. Physical sciences 10,390 6,710 3,680 0 0 0 140,510 88,540 51,970 0 0 0 2,685 1,735 945
41. Science technologies/technicians 1,150 700 450 0 0 0 22,960 9,090 13,870 0 0 0 595 180 410
Mathematics, computer and information sciences 48,495 34,620 13,875 15 10 10 667,305 445,970 221,330 15 15 0 19,205 12,210 6,995
11. Computer and information sciences and support services 40,770 30,640 10,130 15 10 10 554,185 392,835 161,350 15 15 0 16,540 11,145 5,400
25. Library science 2,310 595 1,715 0 0 0 27,610 4,720 22,885 0 0 0 710 120 590
27. Mathematics and statistics 4,525 2,760 1,765 0 0 0 70,940 39,000 31,940 0 0 0 1,745 830 920
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences177 890 625 265 0 0 0 14,565 9,415 5,155 0 0 0 200 115 85
Architecture, engineering, and related trades 123,175 100,630 22,545 35 35 0 2,611,205 2,292,785 318,420 40 40 0 75,965 68,175 7,790
04. Architecture and related services 10,010 5,255 4,750 0 0 0 105,845 61,230 44,605 0 0 0 2,355 1,325 1,035
14. Engineering 57,935 44,795 13,135 15 15 0 724,235 568,385 155,850 15 15 0 17,060 13,635 3,420
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians 18,540 15,920 2,620 10 10 0 536,600 464,510 72,090 0 0 0 16,245 14,270 1,975
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation 65 25 45 0 0 0 510 160 350 0 0 0 10 10 0
46. Construction trades 15,040 14,235 805 0 0 0 510,105 493,000 17,100 0 0 0 16,955 16,450 500
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians 13,695 13,120 575 0 0 0 467,225 452,385 14,840 15 15 0 16,450 15,985 470
48. Precision production 7,890 7,285 605 0 0 0 266,690 253,110 13,585 0 0 0 6,895 6,505 390
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation 8,675 4,150 4,525 0 0 0 314,120 170,440 143,680 0 0 0 13,630 8,205 5,425
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields178 5,650 2,705 2,950 0 0 0 199,335 99,700 99,635 0 0 0 10,770 6,525 4,250
03. Natural resources and conservation 3,020 1,445 1,575 0 0 0 114,780 70,745 44,040 0 0 0 2,865 1,680 1,175
Health and related fields 82,510 20,560 61,950 20 0 20 1,839,975 371,180 1,468,795 15 0 15 71,165 14,460 56,705
30.37 Design for human health 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology 4,900 2,500 2,395 0 0 0 139,280 67,885 71,385 10 0 0 3,525 1,675 1,850
51. Health professions and related programs178 73,950 16,430 57,525 20 0 20 1,648,120 279,090 1,369,030 10 0 10 65,865 11,910 53,955
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs 145 50 95 0 0 0 4,430 945 3,485 0 0 0 155 20 140
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs 3,510 1,570 1,940 0 0 0 48,115 23,255 24,860 0 0 0 1,625 855 770
Personal, protective and transportation services 30,275 16,455 13,825 15 0 10 772,450 399,835 372,615 0 0 0 20,725 9,890 10,830
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services 19,020 6,985 12,035 10 0 10 414,520 112,935 301,590 0 0 0 12,365 3,115 9,250
28. Military science, leadership and operational art 20 20 0 0 0 0 2,955 2,575 375 0 0 0 110 100 10
29. Military technologies and applied sciences 95 95 0 0 0 0 3,850 3,415 435 0 0 0 105 90 15
43. Security and protective services 5,050 3,915 1,135 0 0 0 183,025 128,295 54,725 0 0 0 4,075 2,870 1,205
49. Transportation and materials moving 6,095 5,435 655 0 0 0 168,105 152,620 15,485 0 0 0 4,070 3,720 355
Other179 135 30 105 0 0 0 4,075 1,150 2,930 0 0 0 65 10 60
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data180 981,205 492,180 489,025 375 170 205 19,568,260 9,620,340 9,947,925 400 225 175 675,695 335,160 340,535
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree 243,690 132,500 111,190 140 85 50 6,433,215 3,444,395 2,988,825 210 125 90 274,780 149,880 124,900
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree181 737,515 359,685 377,835 240 90 150 13,135,040 6,175,940 6,959,100 190 105 85 400,920 185,280 215,640
Location of study inside Canada 529,195 254,400 274,795 130 40 90 10,490,520 4,926,390 5,564,130 130 50 75 313,465 143,310 170,160
Same as province or territory of residence 503,230 241,010 262,225 125 35 90 9,251,025 4,324,195 4,926,830 115 45 75 273,970 123,770 150,205
Different than province or territory of residence 25,965 13,390 12,570 0 0 0 1,239,495 602,195 637,300 10 10 0 39,495 19,545 19,955
Location of study outside Canada182 208,320 105,280 103,040 110 45 60 2,644,520 1,249,550 1,394,970 60 50 15 87,445 41,970 45,480
Americas 36,730 18,600 18,130 10 0 0 483,810 238,040 245,775 15 15 0 11,310 5,465 5,845
United States of America 10,760 6,075 4,690 0 0 0 279,005 143,575 135,435 0 0 0 6,955 3,465 3,485
Mexico 4,800 2,245 2,555 0 0 0 36,400 16,175 20,230 15 15 0 435 160 275
Cuba 1,340 685 660 0 0 0 8,345 4,275 4,070 0 0 0 100 30 70
Haiti 5,065 2,775 2,295 0 0 0 10,620 5,645 4,970 0 0 0 25 15 10
Jamaica 110 70 45 0 0 0 12,780 6,110 6,670 0 0 0 330 145 175
Brazil 3,765 1,800 1,960 0 0 0 40,050 18,445 21,605 0 0 0 1,315 640 685
Colombia 3,560 1,695 1,870 0 0 0 31,165 13,875 17,295 0 0 0 555 265 290
Peru 1,375 580 795 0 0 0 7,780 3,025 4,750 0 0 0 90 35 55
Venezuela95 1,680 680 995 0 0 0 12,655 5,330 7,320 0 0 0 80 25 55
Other locations of study in Americas 4,265 1,995 2,270 0 0 0 45,000 21,575 23,425 0 0 0 1,425 685 745
Europe 68,060 36,130 31,930 0 0 0 543,725 281,205 262,520 0 0 0 11,290 5,965 5,320
Belgium 1,775 910 865 0 0 0 7,795 4,260 3,535 0 0 0 100 65 35
France 41,640 22,775 18,860 0 0 0 97,770 53,930 43,840 0 0 0 460 225 230
Germany 1,035 560 475 0 0 0 22,450 12,070 10,380 0 0 0 1,860 1,105 760
Netherlands 465 260 205 0 0 0 10,825 6,065 4,765 0 0 0 300 165 135
Switzerland 965 570 400 0 0 0 8,470 4,420 4,050 0 0 0 145 90 55
Hungary 195 105 95 0 0 0 5,160 2,465 2,700 0 0 0 50 20 25
Moldova183 1,825 870 955 0 0 0 9,055 4,165 4,890 0 0 0 115 60 55
Poland 815 285 530 0 0 0 25,215 11,115 14,100 0 0 0 510 255 255
Romania 3,250 1,665 1,585 0 0 0 32,250 16,190 16,060 0 0 0 115 55 60
Russian Federation 2,410 1,105 1,305 0 0 0 36,095 16,250 19,845 0 0 0 1,150 530 615
Ukraine 2,045 895 1,150 0 0 0 36,405 16,635 19,775 0 0 0 2,255 1,100 1,155
Ireland96 285 190 95 0 0 0 16,040 9,175 6,865 0 0 0 245 140 105
United Kingdom87 4,680 2,520 2,160 0 0 0 151,900 81,980 69,920 0 0 0 2,600 1,435 1,165
Bosnia and Herzegovina 130 75 55 0 0 0 6,030 2,915 3,115 0 0 0 140 85 55
Italy 1,325 760 565 0 0 0 8,895 5,055 3,840 0 0 0 145 90 55
Serbia86 115 40 75 0 0 0 8,745 4,470 4,280 0 0 0 90 55 35
Other locations of study in Europe 5,105 2,535 2,570 0 0 0 60,615 30,055 30,560 0 0 0 1,010 485 525
Africa 48,445 25,700 22,745 50 25 25 216,815 111,010 105,805 40 25 15 7,235 3,740 3,490
Nigeria 1,230 655 575 0 0 0 33,280 16,395 16,880 0 0 0 3,665 1,845 1,820
Algeria 19,210 9,980 9,230 20 10 10 33,230 17,020 16,210 0 0 0 145 85 65
Morocco 9,515 4,945 4,575 0 0 0 23,640 12,125 11,510 0 0 0 185 105 80
Tunisia 4,555 2,570 1,990 0 0 0 12,655 7,100 5,555 0 0 0 95 70 30
Egypt 3,025 1,615 1,410 0 0 0 30,255 15,145 15,115 0 0 0 690 335 355
South Africa, Republic of 250 110 145 0 0 0 19,060 9,900 9,160 0 0 0 515 255 260
Other locations of study in Africa 10,660 5,840 4,825 25 10 10 64,700 33,325 31,385 20 10 10 1,935 1,055 885
Asia 53,780 24,120 29,655 50 15 35 1,352,215 594,805 757,410 10 10 0 56,830 26,370 30,465
Iran88 5,230 2,440 2,790 0 0 0 66,630 30,180 36,450 0 0 0 425 215 210
Iraq 330 180 150 0 0 0 16,515 8,250 8,265 0 0 0 175 90 85
Israel 520 285 235 0 0 0 11,355 5,725 5,630 0 0 0 770 390 385
Lebanon 4,185 2,105 2,075 0 0 0 19,565 9,355 10,210 0 0 0 40 10 30
Syria89 3,120 1,480 1,640 0 0 0 16,405 7,885 8,520 0 0 0 130 60 75
Turkey 695 400 295 0 0 0 11,855 6,595 5,260 0 0 0 160 70 90
China90 9,950 4,420 5,540 0 0 0 201,100 87,370 113,720 0 0 0 3,920 1,785 2,140
Taiwan 365 150 220 0 0 0 14,520 4,750 9,770 0 0 0 140 40 100
Hong Kong91 230 110 120 0 0 0 18,325 7,445 10,875 0 0 0 435 220 215
Japan 800 300 500 0 0 0 18,605 5,280 13,325 0 0 0 240 65 175
Korea, South92 1,265 435 825 0 0 0 53,575 20,575 33,000 0 0 0 1,220 510 710
Philippines 8,890 2,860 6,030 0 0 0 305,795 115,370 190,420 0 0 0 28,440 12,715 15,730
Viet Nam 1,125 415 710 0 0 0 12,500 4,490 8,005 0 0 0 560 260 300
Bangladesh 2,020 1,065 955 0 0 0 25,000 11,360 13,645 0 0 0 580 275 310
Sri Lanka 645 240 410 0 0 0 15,085 7,090 7,995 0 0 0 310 150 160
India 9,500 4,925 4,575 0 0 0 405,850 199,380 206,475 0 0 0 16,235 8,035 8,205
Pakistan 1,165 575 590 10 0 10 75,155 35,055 40,100 0 0 0 1,575 785 795
Other locations of study in Asia 3,745 1,750 1,995 0 0 0 64,385 28,650 35,735 0 0 0 1,455 705 755
Oceania 1,305 730 575 0 0 0 47,960 24,495 23,460 0 0 0 785 425 355
Australia 1,095 610 490 0 0 0 38,525 19,270 19,250 0 0 0 665 340 325
New Zealand 165 100 70 0 0 0 7,785 4,300 3,485 0 0 0 105 75 30
Other locations of study in Oceania 50 25 20 0 0 0 1,655 930 730 0 0 0 20 10 0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data184 1,453,295 713,745 739,550 570 255 315 30,335,915 14,861,245 15,474,670 590 300 290 1,058,415 522,505 535,905
In the labour force 959,135 498,125 461,010 385 185 200 19,310,345 10,056,270 9,254,070 350 200 145 681,505 360,485 321,020
Employed 859,920 445,255 414,665 320 150 170 17,321,695 9,056,680 8,265,025 300 160 140 625,115 330,885 294,235
Unemployed 99,210 52,870 46,345 65 35 35 1,988,645 999,600 989,045 50 40 10 56,390 29,605 26,785
Not in the labour force 494,165 215,620 278,540 185 70 120 11,025,575 4,804,970 6,220,605 240 100 140 376,905 162,015 214,890
Participation rate 66.0 69.8 62.3 67.5 72.5 63.5 63.7 67.7 59.8 59.3 66.7 50.0 64.4 69.0 59.9
Employment rate 59.2 62.4 56.1 56.1 58.8 54.0 57.1 60.9 53.4 50.8 53.3 48.3 59.1 63.3 54.9
Unemployment rate 10.3 10.6 10.1 16.9 18.9 17.5 10.3 9.9 10.7 14.3 20.0 6.9 8.3 8.2 8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data185 1,453,300 713,750 739,550 570 250 315 30,335,920 14,861,245 15,474,675 590 300 290 1,058,410 522,505 535,905
Did not work186 508,670 222,700 285,970 210 70 135 11,140,775 4,889,605 6,251,170 250 100 150 379,950 164,955 215,000
Worked 944,630 491,050 453,580 360 180 180 19,195,145 9,971,640 9,223,500 340 200 140 678,460 357,550 320,910
Worked full year full time187 464,805 252,405 212,400 140 70 70 10,215,385 5,685,910 4,529,475 180 110 70 376,840 217,465 159,370
Worked part year and/or part time188 479,820 238,645 241,180 220 110 110 8,979,760 4,285,730 4,694,025 155 90 70 301,625 140,085 161,540
Average weeks worked in reference year 39.7 40.1 39.2 37.8 37.0 38.6 41.0 41.7 40.3 41.3 41.4 41.2 41.9 42.8 41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data189 959,130 498,125 461,010 380 185 195 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 350 195 150 681,505 360,490 321,015
Class of worker - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 15 15 0 15,625 7,580 8,050
All classes of workers191 930,570 484,150 446,425 375 180 195 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 335 185 150 665,880 352,910 312,970
Employee 811,850 411,090 400,750 330 145 185 16,103,455 8,139,075 7,964,375 305 165 140 582,575 298,460 284,115
Permanent position 661,995 340,865 321,135 275 125 150 13,431,685 6,866,375 6,565,310 280 145 140 490,370 254,540 235,830
Temporary position 149,850 70,230 79,620 55 25 35 2,671,765 1,272,700 1,399,065 25 20 0 92,210 43,920 48,290
Fixed term (1 year or more) 63,645 28,710 34,935 25 0 15 867,740 386,965 480,775 10 0 0 27,250 11,760 15,495
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year) 86,205 41,520 44,685 35 15 20 1,804,030 885,740 918,285 15 15 0 64,960 32,165 32,795
Self-employed192 118,725 73,050 45,670 40 35 10 2,720,025 1,679,250 1,040,780 30 20 10 83,305 54,450 28,855
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data193 959,130 498,125 461,010 380 185 195 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 350 195 150 681,505 360,490 321,015
Occupation - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 15 15 0 15,625 7,580 8,050
All occupations191 930,570 484,150 446,425 375 180 195 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 335 185 150 665,880 352,910 312,970
0 Legislative and senior management occupations 14,540 10,000 4,545 0 0 0 254,760 177,450 77,315 0 0 0 6,440 4,200 2,235
1 Business, finance and administration occupations 180,355 69,570 110,785 65 25 40 3,303,180 1,062,425 2,240,755 50 10 40 106,520 33,100 73,420
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations 101,555 76,005 25,555 15 10 0 1,587,980 1,199,390 388,595 20 20 0 39,030 29,915 9,115
3 Health occupations 75,605 18,730 56,870 30 0 25 1,504,100 298,960 1,205,135 15 0 15 57,585 12,770 44,810
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services 124,755 41,025 83,730 30 10 15 2,322,345 752,280 1,570,075 25 0 20 91,725 30,655 61,070
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport 56,870 29,555 27,310 0 0 0 596,785 275,420 321,360 0 0 0 15,375 6,815 8,560
6 Sales and service occupations 234,485 120,480 114,005 135 60 80 4,616,050 2,072,110 2,543,945 135 60 75 160,900 71,660 89,240
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations 98,535 89,140 9,395 60 45 20 3,239,500 2,950,915 288,585 80 80 0 124,140 115,210 8,930
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations 5,025 3,855 1,170 10 10 0 541,235 416,960 124,270 0 0 0 29,805 23,260 6,540
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities 38,850 25,795 13,060 25 25 0 857,540 612,415 245,120 10 10 0 34,355 25,310 9,045
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data194 959,130 498,125 461,010 380 185 195 19,310,340 10,056,275 9,254,070 350 195 150 681,505 360,490 321,015
Industry - not applicable190 28,560 13,975 14,585 10 0 0 486,865 237,950 248,915 15 15 0 15,625 7,580 8,050
All industries191 930,570 484,150 446,425 375 180 195 18,823,480 9,818,325 9,005,160 335 185 150 665,880 352,910 312,970
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 2,920 1,730 1,185 0 0 0 434,800 295,160 139,640 0 0 0 27,485 19,635 7,850
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 1,195 805 390 0 0 0 239,030 195,605 43,425 0 0 0 5,045 4,385 660
22 Utilities 5,150 3,245 1,905 0 0 0 147,750 109,475 38,270 0 0 0 6,655 5,135 1,520
23 Construction 33,445 28,300 5,150 10 10 0 1,469,085 1,269,060 200,025 15 15 0 52,245 46,295 5,950
31-33 Manufacturing 76,115 51,395 24,725 45 30 15 1,540,490 1,095,160 445,330 20 20 0 56,805 41,690 15,110
41 Wholesale trade 33,845 20,380 13,470 20 10 10 610,295 406,960 203,335 25 20 0 18,970 14,050 4,915
44-45 Retail trade 98,705 49,745 48,960 40 20 25 2,149,640 1,027,160 1,122,480 50 15 30 72,205 35,375 36,835
48-49 Transportation and warehousing 49,075 38,320 10,755 45 30 15 981,030 742,515 238,515 35 30 0 41,485 33,330 8,155
51 Information and cultural industries 40,020 24,295 15,730 0 0 0 400,460 237,940 162,520 0 0 0 9,760 5,850 3,905
52 Finance and insurance 47,065 23,830 23,235 15 0 10 815,225 358,145 457,080 0 0 0 25,885 10,060 15,825
53 Real estate and rental and leasing 16,780 9,730 7,045 10 0 0 343,940 186,230 157,710 10 0 0 8,410 4,705 3,700
54 Professional, scientific and technical services 113,755 65,950 47,800 30 15 15 1,571,160 877,780 693,380 25 10 10 32,425 17,065 15,355
55 Management of companies and enterprises 1,720 850 875 0 0 0 45,455 21,495 23,955 0 0 0 1,000 465 535
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 45,325 27,460 17,860 15 0 15 792,600 457,880 334,725 35 25 0 26,870 15,280 11,585
61 Educational services 84,380 31,030 53,350 15 0 10 1,413,320 436,645 976,670 30 0 25 57,480 18,115 39,365
62 Health care and social assistance 128,175 32,195 95,980 60 10 50 2,446,370 470,340 1,976,030 35 0 30 99,895 21,420 78,475
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation 20,970 10,860 10,105 10 0 0 350,710 180,205 170,500 15 0 10 12,075 6,300 5,775
72 Accommodation and food services 53,745 29,185 24,555 35 15 20 1,085,270 478,000 607,270 40 15 20 37,515 15,535 21,985
81 Other services (except public administration) 39,595 16,105 23,490 0 0 0 797,935 373,775 424,165 20 0 10 28,120 14,060 14,055
91 Public administration 38,595 18,740 19,850 20 10 0 1,188,915 598,780 590,135 0 0 0 45,555 24,155 21,405
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data195 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 395 190 205 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 400 210 185 727,130 382,175 344,960
English 161,015 89,010 72,005 80 45 35 14,942,170 7,807,315 7,134,855 105 50 50 680,505 360,060 320,445
French 399,340 197,680 201,660 105 35 65 3,164,890 1,592,470 1,572,420 120 75 45 3,730 1,140 2,590
Non-official language 7,340 3,600 3,735 30 15 10 169,205 89,515 79,685 15 10 0 3,570 2,035 1,530
Indigenous39 10 0 10 0 0 0 6,935 3,590 3,345 0 0 0 300 170 130
Non-Indigenous 7,330 3,600 3,725 30 15 10 162,265 85,925 76,345 15 10 0 3,265 1,865 1,400
English and French 405,305 214,915 190,385 155 75 75 1,682,510 859,635 822,870 155 65 90 14,225 5,650 8,575
English and non-official language(s) 10,790 6,090 4,695 15 10 0 570,220 291,000 279,220 10 10 0 24,415 12,970 11,450
French and non-official language(s) 7,145 3,405 3,745 0 0 0 20,935 9,955 10,980 0 0 0 40 15 25
English, French and non-official language(s) 25,465 12,730 12,735 0 0 0 69,340 34,190 35,145 0 0 0 440 210 235
Multiple non-official languages 420 260 160 0 0 0 11,265 5,960 5,305 0 0 0 200 95 100
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data196 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 395 190 205 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 400 210 185 727,130 382,175 344,960
Single responses 908,980 471,095 437,880 350 175 175 20,176,640 10,458,830 9,717,810 340 190 150 719,895 378,430 341,470
Official languages 895,835 464,520 431,315 305 150 155 19,866,180 10,297,010 9,569,175 325 175 145 711,975 373,990 337,980
English 286,010 155,790 130,215 125 75 50 15,879,850 8,272,750 7,607,105 155 90 70 705,145 371,885 333,260
French 609,825 308,725 301,095 175 75 100 3,986,330 2,024,260 1,962,070 170 90 80 6,825 2,105 4,720
Non-official languages 13,145 6,580 6,565 40 20 20 310,455 161,825 148,635 15 10 0 7,925 4,440 3,485
Indigenous languages39 20 0 20 0 0 0 19,435 9,725 9,710 0 0 0 1,375 760 610
Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 11,600 6,020 5,575 0 0 0 1,250 705 550
Blackfoot 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 35 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree-Innu languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 9,115 4,715 4,400 0 0 0 735 410 325
Atikamekw 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,015 585 430 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 5,985 3,170 2,815 0 0 0 730 410 325
Ililimowin (Moose Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 65 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 765 385 385 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 40 0 0 0 50 25 25
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 110 85 0 0 0 10 0 10
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree) 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 80 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cree, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 4,695 2,500 2,205 0 0 0 675 380 295
Innu (Montagnais) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,955 875 1,075 0 0 0 0 0 0
Naskapi 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 80 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eastern Algonquian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 835 435 400 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mi'kmaq 0 0 0 0 0 0 825 430 395 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,585 830 755 0 0 0 515 295 220
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oji-Cree 0 0 0 0 0 0 875 490 385 0 0 0 405 235 175
Ojibway languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 695 340 355 0 0 0 105 55 50
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0 10 0 10
Daawaamwin (Odawa) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway) 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 25 10 0 0 0 20 10 10
Ojibway, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 610 295 320 0 0 0 75 40 35
Algonquian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 895 410 480 0 0 0 100 55 45
Northern Athabaskan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 890 410 475 0 0 0 100 55 45
Dakelh (Carrier) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dane-zaa (Beaver) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dene, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 535 255 280 0 0 0 100 55 45
Gwich'in 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey-Hare languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 70 90 0 0 0 0 0 0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavey, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 45 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tahltan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlicho (Dogrib) 0 0 0 0 0 0 130 75 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tse'khene (Sekani) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Northern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Southern Tutchone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tutchone, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tlingit 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 6,630 3,200 3,425 0 0 0 10 0 10
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuinnaqtun 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuvialuktun 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Inuktitut 15 0 15 0 0 0 6,605 3,200 3,405 0 0 0 10 0 10
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mohawk 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oneida 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Michif 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Halkomelem 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lillooet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Squamish 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Straits 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syilx (Okanagan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Salish languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 10 0 0
Assiniboine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dakota 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 0
Stoney 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Siouan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 15 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gitxsan (Gitksan) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nisga'a 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tsimshian 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haisla 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Heiltsuk 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 10 10 0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 10
Non-Indigenous languages 13,120 6,580 6,545 40 20 20 291,025 152,095 138,925 15 10 0 6,550 3,675 2,880
Afro-Asiatic languages 1,295 720 575 0 0 0 9,265 5,300 3,955 0 0 0 195 95 100
Berber languages 20 15 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kabyle 20 15 0 0 0 0 30 20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tamazight 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Berber languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chadic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Coptic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cushitic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 415 185 235 0 0 0 25 20 0
Bilen 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oromo 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Somali 0 0 0 0 0 0 365 155 210 0 0 0 20 20 0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Semitic languages 1,275 710 570 0 0 0 8,785 5,080 3,705 0 0 0 165 75 95
Amharic 0 0 0 0 0 0 215 95 120 0 0 0 20 0 15
Arabic 1,190 670 520 0 0 0 7,190 4,250 2,940 0 0 0 60 40 15
Aramaic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 460 325 130 0 0 0 0 0 0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 330 240 90 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 70 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Aramaic, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hebrew 70 30 40 0 0 0 585 240 340 0 0 0 30 0 25
Tigrigna 0 0 0 0 0 0 325 165 160 0 0 0 55 20 35
Semitic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austro-Asiatic languages 1,220 535 685 0 0 0 9,770 4,135 5,635 0 0 0 220 65 155
Khmer (Cambodian) 175 70 100 0 0 0 495 215 285 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vietnamese 1,045 460 585 0 0 0 9,260 3,905 5,350 0 0 0 220 65 155
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Austronesian languages 120 60 55 0 0 0 4,760 2,180 2,580 0 0 0 770 360 415
Bikol 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bisaya, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cebuano 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 45 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hiligaynon 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ilocano 10 10 0 0 0 0 165 90 70 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indonesian 0 0 0 0 0 0 170 90 80 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kankanaey 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malagasy languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malay 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango) 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pangasinan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 90 50 45 0 0 0 4,205 1,895 2,310 0 0 0 765 350 410
Austronesian languages, n.i.e. 15 0 10 0 0 0 50 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages 210 95 110 0 0 0 390 185 210 0 0 0 0 0 0
Haitian Creole 210 95 110 0 0 0 375 170 205 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jamaican English Creole 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Morisyen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Creole languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages 80 25 55 0 0 0 3,010 1,410 1,605 0 0 0 10 0 0
Kannada 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Malayalam 10 0 10 0 0 0 250 140 110 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tamil 75 25 45 0 0 0 2,685 1,255 1,425 0 0 0 0 0 0
Telugu 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Georgian 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 45 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages 6,260 3,210 3,055 15 0 10 112,395 64,055 48,335 15 10 0 3,530 2,210 1,325
Albanian 10 0 0 0 0 0 315 170 140 0 0 0 0 0 0
Armenian 80 60 25 0 0 0 530 295 235 0 0 0 0 0 0
Balto-Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 10,085 4,390 5,695 0 0 0 330 160 170
Baltic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 95 15 75 0 0 0 0 0 0
Latvian 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 10 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuanian 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 10 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slavic languages 550 180 370 0 0 0 9,995 4,375 5,620 0 0 0 325 160 165
Bulgarian 15 0 15 0 0 0 145 55 90 0 0 0 0 0 0
Czech 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 50 55 0 0 0 0 0 0
Macedonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 75 60 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Polish 90 30 65 0 0 0 2,265 1,000 1,265 0 0 0 40 25 15
Russian 385 130 250 0 0 0 5,240 2,085 3,155 0 0 0 175 80 95
Serbo-Croatian 10 0 0 0 0 0 835 485 355 0 0 0 10 0 0
Bosnian 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Croatian 0 0 0 0 0 0 155 95 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Serbian 0 0 0 0 0 0 555 310 245 0 0 0 10 0 0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovak 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 10 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Slovene (Slovenian) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ukrainian 35 10 25 0 0 0 1,265 620 650 0 0 0 85 50 35
Slavic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scottish Gaelic 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 25 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
Celtic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages 825 405 425 0 0 0 14,250 8,060 6,190 0 0 0 1,065 665 405
Frisian 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
High German languages 790 385 405 0 0 0 10,480 5,695 4,790 0 0 0 700 400 300
German 95 65 35 0 0 0 6,615 3,655 2,970 0 0 0 700 400 300
Pennsylvania German 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,560 1,405 1,150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swiss German 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 115 135 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yiddish 695 325 375 0 0 0 1,050 520 530 0 0 0 0 0 0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages 10 0 10 0 0 0 3,540 2,245 1,290 0 0 0 340 255 85
Afrikaans 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dutch 10 0 10 0 0 0 965 515 440 0 0 0 15 10 0
Low German, n.o.s. 0 0 0 0 0 0 560 420 140 0 0 0 95 75 15
Low Saxon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Plautdietsch 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,940 1,275 670 0 0 0 215 160 60
Vlaams (Flemish) 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Scandinavian languages 25 15 15 0 0 0 190 100 85 0 0 0 0 0 0
Danish 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Icelandic 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Norwegian 10 0 0 0 0 0 55 30 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swedish 15 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Germanic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 20 10 10
Greek 175 55 120 0 0 0 875 445 430 0 0 0 15 15 0
Indo-Iranian languages 1,695 935 755 15 0 10 55,455 32,965 22,490 0 0 0 1,670 1,130 535
Indo-Aryan languages 1,405 760 650 15 0 10 48,020 28,910 19,100 0 0 0 1,630 1,115 515
Bengali 85 25 55 0 0 0 645 290 355 0 0 0 40 15 20
Gujarati 20 0 20 0 0 0 1,115 515 600 0 0 0 40 15 20
Hindi 120 55 60 0 0 0 2,235 1,145 1,090 0 0 0 55 35 30
Kacchi 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Marathi 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nepali 0 0 0 0 0 0 275 125 145 0 0 0 0 0 0
Punjabi (Panjabi) 1,080 615 465 15 0 10 40,840 25,480 15,365 0 0 0 1,465 1,030 440
Sindhi 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sinhala (Sinhalese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 80 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Urdu 100 55 45 0 0 0 2,725 1,265 1,465 0 0 0 25 15 10
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iranian languages 285 175 110 0 0 0 7,430 4,045 3,385 0 0 0 40 20 20
Kurdish 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 145 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pashto 25 20 0 0 0 0 130 70 60 0 0 0 0 0 0
Persian languages 255 150 105 0 0 0 7,110 3,825 3,285 0 0 0 35 15 20
Dari 20 10 10 0 0 0 800 445 360 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iranian Persian 225 130 95 0 0 0 5,715 2,980 2,735 0 0 0 30 15 15
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s. 10 10 0 0 0 0 595 400 195 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italic (Romance) languages 2,925 1,575 1,355 0 0 0 30,795 17,685 13,105 15 10 0 450 235 215
Catalan 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Italian 310 160 150 0 0 0 1,625 730 900 0 0 0 10 0 10
Portuguese 245 90 155 0 0 0 6,970 4,070 2,895 0 0 0 90 40 50
Romanian 80 50 30 0 0 0 680 375 310 0 0 0 0 0 0
Spanish 2,290 1,265 1,025 0 0 0 21,455 12,465 8,990 15 10 0 355 195 160
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 35 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Japanese 125 25 105 0 0 0 3,560 1,225 2,340 0 0 0 20 0 0
Korean 240 100 145 0 0 0 14,345 7,125 7,225 0 0 0 170 80 90
Mongolian 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages 45 25 15 0 0 0 410 210 200 0 0 0 25 20 0
Akan (Twi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Edo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ga 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Igbo 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lingala 15 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Rundi (Kirundi) 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Shona 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Swahili 10 10 0 0 0 0 150 95 55 0 0 0 10 10 0
Wolof 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yoruba 0 0 0 0 0 0 65 20 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 10 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Dinka 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages 85 30 55 0 0 0 2,010 795 1,210 0 0 0 130 40 90
American Sign Language 15 10 10 0 0 0 1,590 620 970 0 0 0 130 40 90
Quebec Sign Language 60 20 40 0 0 0 285 110 180 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sign languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 65 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 25 10 10 128,375 64,180 64,190 0 0 0 1,450 780 670
Chinese languages 3,325 1,700 1,635 25 10 10 128,045 63,990 64,055 0 0 0 1,450 780 670
Hakka 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 25 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandarin 2,100 1,110 995 0 0 0 76,040 37,760 38,280 0 0 0 860 475 385
Min Dong 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese) 60 25 40 0 0 0 485 210 270 0 0 0 0 0 0
Wu (Shanghainese) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Yue (Cantonese) 1,140 550 590 25 10 10 50,950 25,725 25,225 0 0 0 590 305 280
Chinese, n.o.s. 25 15 10 0 0 0 460 240 220 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chinese languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 295 175 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
Burmese 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 40 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 85 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
S'gaw Karen 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 80 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Karenic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibetan 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 45 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages 15 0 10 0 0 0 765 310 450 0 0 0 15 0 10
Lao 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 30 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Thai 15 0 10 0 0 0 670 275 395 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages 85 45 30 0 0 0 1,345 695 650 0 0 0 10 0 10
Azerbaijani 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 15 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkish 80 50 30 0 0 0 1,270 660 615 0 0 0 10 0 10
Uyghur 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 20 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uzbek 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Turkic languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Uralic languages 15 0 15 0 0 0 485 215 270 0 0 0 0 0 0
Estonian 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 15 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
Finnish 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 25 65 0 0 0 0 0 0
Hungarian 15 0 10 0 0 0 330 170 160 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other languages, n.i.e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple responses 107,830 56,590 51,240 45 20 30 453,880 231,205 222,675 60 20 35 7,230 3,740 3,490
English and French 99,075 52,050 47,030 45 15 30 321,975 163,305 158,675 60 20 35 2,110 895 1,215
English and non-official language(s) 3,105 1,760 1,350 0 0 0 115,955 60,210 55,745 0 0 0 5,020 2,805 2,215
French and non-official language(s) 2,345 1,085 1,255 0 0 0 6,280 2,795 3,485 0 0 0 20 0 20
English, French and non-official language(s) 3,255 1,680 1,575 0 0 0 7,405 3,795 3,605 0 0 0 30 15 15
Multiple non-official languages 45 10 35 0 0 0 2,265 1,100 1,165 0 0 0 55 20 30
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data197 1,016,810 527,690 489,125 395 190 205 20,630,520 10,690,035 9,940,490 400 210 185 727,130 382,175 344,960
None 667,690 342,985 324,705 260 120 145 18,696,980 9,704,050 8,992,935 295 155 135 694,535 366,700 327,830
English 201,200 106,725 94,480 80 45 35 902,625 474,755 427,875 45 15 30 7,010 3,170 3,845
French 115,950 61,585 54,365 45 20 20 589,755 288,955 300,800 45 30 15 9,175 3,840 5,330
Non-official language 14,925 7,790 7,135 10 0 0 331,375 168,035 163,335 10 10 0 14,510 7,430 7,080
Indigenous39 65 20 45 0 0 0 18,190 7,740 10,450 0 0 0 2,975 1,405 1,575
Non-Indigenous 14,860 7,770 7,095 10 0 0 313,185 160,295 152,885 10 10 0 11,530 6,025 5,510
English and French 1,155 540 610 0 0 0 2,940 1,445 1,495 0 0 0 10 0 0
English and non-official language(s) 8,605 4,110 4,490 0 0 0 33,125 15,680 17,445 0 0 0 265 105 155
French and non-official language(s) 5,480 2,970 2,510 0 0 0 22,615 11,475 11,135 0 0 0 265 140 125
English, French and non-official language(s) 165 85 80 0 0 0 360 210 150 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiple non-official languages 1,645 895 745 0 0 0 50,740 25,425 25,315 0 0 0 1,360 775 590
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data198 859,920 445,255 414,665 320 150 165 17,321,700 9,056,680 8,265,020 300 160 140 625,115 330,890 294,235
Worked at home 260,415 132,065 128,355 60 35 25 4,214,860 2,000,150 2,214,705 25 10 15 106,565 51,780 54,785
Worked outside Canada 2,775 1,725 1,045 0 0 0 58,335 40,295 18,035 0 0 0 1,450 1,150 290
No fixed workplace address 81,290 57,160 24,130 15 15 0 2,201,745 1,660,325 541,415 30 20 0 78,405 60,795 17,605
Usual place of work 515,440 254,310 261,130 240 100 140 10,846,770 5,355,910 5,490,860 250 125 120 438,705 217,160 221,550
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data199 515,440 254,310 261,135 235 100 135 10,846,770 5,355,905 5,490,860 250 130 120 438,705 217,160 221,550
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence 413,515 195,935 217,580 200 70 130 6,397,120 2,970,205 3,426,915 210 115 95 328,415 157,380 171,035
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence 46,495 24,705 21,790 25 20 0 2,343,640 1,185,830 1,157,810 15 0 10 46,100 22,990 23,115
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence 53,810 32,610 21,200 10 10 0 2,007,950 1,139,665 868,285 25 15 10 61,140 34,635 26,500
Commute to a different province or territory 1,620 1,060 565 0 0 0 98,060 60,210 37,850 0 0 0 3,055 2,150 900
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data200 596,730 311,465 285,265 255 115 140 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 275 150 125 517,110 277,950 239,155
Car, truck or van 338,295 197,990 140,305 165 100 70 10,950,750 6,060,925 4,889,825 170 95 70 445,070 244,870 200,200
Car, truck or van - as a driver 313,045 188,685 124,360 160 100 60 10,106,595 5,717,830 4,388,770 155 95 70 401,745 229,310 172,435
Car, truck or van - as a passenger 25,245 9,300 15,940 0 0 0 844,155 343,100 501,050 0 0 0 43,325 15,560 27,765
Public transit 169,380 71,050 98,330 80 15 65 1,000,510 422,270 578,235 70 40 35 29,345 12,095 17,250
Walked 57,390 24,650 32,735 10 0 10 672,815 296,610 376,205 35 15 15 27,440 12,330 15,105
Bicycle 20,425 11,990 8,430 0 0 0 138,615 92,195 46,415 0 0 0 5,395 3,720 1,680
Other method 11,255 5,785 5,470 0 0 0 285,820 144,225 141,595 0 0 0 9,855 4,935 4,925
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data201 596,730 311,465 285,265 255 115 140 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 275 150 125 517,110 277,950 239,155
Less than 15 minutes 106,580 52,520 54,070 65 20 45 4,178,570 1,993,385 2,185,185 60 25 35 187,385 91,055 96,330
15 to 29 minutes 211,950 113,835 98,115 90 50 40 4,546,195 2,418,910 2,127,285 120 60 55 191,315 103,060 88,255
30 to 44 minutes 161,385 87,950 73,435 60 30 30 2,487,010 1,462,340 1,024,670 50 30 20 90,020 53,555 36,465
45 to 59 minutes 62,880 30,620 32,255 20 15 0 910,610 542,485 368,125 15 15 0 25,475 14,980 10,495
60 minutes and over 53,935 26,540 27,400 25 0 25 926,120 599,115 327,005 25 15 0 22,915 15,300 7,615
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data202 596,730 311,465 285,265 255 115 140 13,048,510 7,016,230 6,032,275 275 150 125 517,110 277,950 239,155
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m. 35,870 26,330 9,540 15 0 15 938,820 701,960 236,865 20 15 0 26,980 19,745 7,235
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m. 86,515 50,895 35,625 65 40 30 2,274,845 1,465,860 808,985 55 45 10 87,745 57,035 30,705
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m. 147,765 69,890 77,880 65 15 50 3,435,740 1,776,900 1,658,845 45 15 30 143,110 78,985 64,125
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m. 130,185 59,500 70,680 35 15 20 2,711,355 1,189,065 1,522,290 55 25 30 116,395 50,465 65,930
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m. 93,190 44,255 48,935 15 10 0 1,661,340 740,915 920,430 25 10 15 59,845 26,620 33,220
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m. 103,205 60,595 42,610 60 40 20 2,026,405 1,141,540 884,865 80 40 40 83,035 45,100 37,940
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data203 321,810 164,440 157,375 145 85 65 7,335,800 3,768,210 3,567,595 155 80 80 302,080 155,205 146,880
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 80,715 41,690 39,030 55 25 30 897,205 456,120 441,085 75 35 40 30,475 15,430 15,050
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 241,095 122,750 118,345 95 55 40 6,438,595 3,312,090 3,126,505 80 45 40 271,605 139,775 131,830
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data204 226,825 115,930 110,890 105 55 50 5,372,330 2,761,965 2,610,365 105 50 50 217,225 111,805 105,425
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language 60,615 31,295 29,320 40 20 20 682,190 346,420 335,770 45 20 25 23,030 11,620 11,405
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 48,760 25,220 23,545 30 20 15 467,685 234,475 233,215 40 20 20 14,755 7,340 7,415
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada 11,855 6,080 5,775 5 5 5 214,500 111,950 102,550 5 0 5 8,280 4,285 3,990
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language 166,210 84,635 81,575 65 35 30 4,690,140 2,415,545 2,274,595 60 30 30 194,195 100,175 94,020

Symbol legend

Note: Gender

Gender refers to an individual's personal and social identity as a man, woman or non-binary person (a person who is not exclusively a man or a woman).

Gender includes the following concepts:

  • gender identity, which refers to the gender that a person feels internally and individually;
  • gender expression, which refers to the way a person presents their gender, regardless of their gender identity, through body language, aesthetic choices or accessories (e.g., clothes, hairstyle and makeup), which may have traditionally been associated with a specific gender.

A person's gender may differ from their sex at birth, and from what is indicated on their current identification or legal documents such as their birth certificate, passport or driver's licence. A person's gender may change over time.

Some people may not identify with a specific gender.

Given that the non-binary population is small, data aggregation to a two-category gender variable is sometimes necessary to protect the confidentiality of responses provided. In these cases, individuals in the category "non-binary persons" are distributed into the other two gender categories and are denoted by the "＋" symbol.

"Men＋" includes men (and/or boys), as well as some non-binary persons.

"Women＋" includes women (and/or girls), as well as some non-binary persons.

Source

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Footnote 1

2021 and 2016 population

Statistics Canada is committed to protect the privacy of all Canadians and the confidentiality of the data they provide to us. As part of this commitment, some population counts of geographic areas are adjusted in order to ensure confidentiality.

The adjustment to counts of the total population for any dissemination block is controlled to ensure that the population counts for dissemination areas will always be within 5 of the actual values. The adjustment has no impact on the population counts of census divisions and large census subdivisions.

Footnote 2

Total private dwellings

Private dwelling refers to a separate set of living quarters with a private entrance either from outside the building or from a common hall, lobby, vestibule or stairway inside the building. The entrance to the dwelling must be one that can be used without passing through the living quarters of some other person or group of persons.

Footnote 3

Private dwellings occupied by usual residents

A private dwelling occupied by usual residents refers to a private dwelling in which a person or a group of persons is permanently residing. Also included are private dwellings whose usual residents are temporarily absent on May 11, 2021.

Footnote 4

The category 'Movable dwelling' includes mobile homes and other movable dwellings such as houseboats, recreational vehicles and railroad cars.

Footnote 5

A census family is defined as a married couple (with or without children), a common-law couple (with or without children) or a one-parent family. For more information, refer to the Census Dictionary: Census family structure.

Footnote 6

There is no age restriction on children. Includes children living with a grandparent or grandparents without a parent present.

Footnote 7

Includes foster children.

Footnote 8

Multigenerational households represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the grandparent of a person in the household and the parent of another person in the same household. They also represent all households where there is at least one person who is both the child of a person in the household and the grandchild of another person in the same household. In previous censuses, multigenerational households were only created based on the former definition, not the latter. As a result, there may be small differences in counts for 2011 and 2016 in archived tables.

Footnote 9

Excludes multigenerational households.

Footnote 10

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 11

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 12

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 13

Full-year full-time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) and full year (49 weeks and over per year) in 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 14

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 15

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 16

Part year or part time workers - Persons aged 15 years and over who worked mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week) or 48 weeks or less during 2020. For more information, see variable work activity in 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 17

Composition of total income - The composition of the total income of a population group or a geographic area refers to the relative share of each income source or group of sources, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate total income of that group or area.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 18

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 19

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 20

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 21

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 22

After-tax income - After-tax income refers to total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 23

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits;
  • workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 24

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

  • Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
  • retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
  • benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
  • child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
  • social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
  • Canada workers benefit (CWB);
  • Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
  • other income from government sources.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

Footnote 25

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period. The reference period for this variable is calendar year 2019. The variable is intended for comparison with its 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

Footnote 26

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 27

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 28

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 29

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 30

Calculation includes persons not in economic families without income (with an income of zero).

Footnote 31

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
    • - income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 32

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

  • statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
  • statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
  • statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

  • employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
  • income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
  • income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
  • other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
  • income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

  • one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
  • capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
  • employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
  • voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Footnote 33

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Footnote 34

Economic family after-tax income decile group - The economic family income decile group provides a rough ranking of the economic situation of a person based on his or her relative position in the Canadian distribution of the adjusted after-tax income of economic families for all persons in private households.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the population in private households is sorted according to its adjusted after-tax family income and then divided into 10 equal groups each containing 10% of the population. The decile cut-points are the levels of adjusted after-tax family income that define the 10 groups.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Footnote 35

The Gini coefficient, or Gini index, is a measure of inequality that indicates how equally income is distributed for a given population. It measures how much an income distribution deviates from perfect equality. Values of the Gini coefficient can range from 0 to 1. A value of 0 indicates that income is equally divided among the population, with all units receiving exactly the same amount of income. At the opposite extreme, a Gini coefficient of 1 denotes a perfectly unequal distribution, where one unit has all of the income in the economy.

For the census, Gini coefficients are calculated for three types of adjusted household income—market income, total income and after tax income. Adjusted income is computed by dividing the household income by a factor equal to the square root of the household size (known as the equivalence scale). This adjustment for different household sizes takes into account economies of scale. It reflects the fact that the needs of a household increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

The P90/P10 ratio is a measure of inequality. It is the ratio of the 90th and the 10th percentile of the adjusted household after-tax income. The 90th percentile means 90% of the population has income that falls below this threshold. The 10th percentile means 10% of the population has income that falls below this threshold.

Footnote 36

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 37

First official language spoken refers to the first official language (English or French) spoken by the person.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 38

Mother tongue refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the person at the time the data was collected. If the person no longer understands the first language learned, the mother tongue is the second language learned. For a person who learned more than one language at the same time in early childhood, the mother tongue is the language this person spoke most often at home before starting school. The person has more than one mother tongue only if they learned these languages at the same time, and still understands them. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, the mother tongue is the language spoken most often to this child at home. A child who has not yet learned to speak has more than one mother tongue only if these languages are spoken to them equally often so that the child learns these languages at the same time.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 39

Users should be aware that estimates associated with Indigenous languages are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

Footnote 40

All languages spoken at home refers to all languages that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 41

Language spoken most often at home refers to the language the person speaks most often at home at the time of data collection. A person can report more than one language as "spoken most often at home" if the languages are spoken equally often.

For a person who lives alone, the language spoken most often at home is the language in which they feel most comfortable. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this is the language spoken most often to the child at home. Where more than one language is spoken to the child, the language spoken most often at home is the language spoken most often. If more than one language is spoken equally often to the child, then these languages are included here.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 42

Other language(s) spoken regularly at home refers to the language(s), if any, that the person speaks at home on a regular basis at the time of data collection, other than the language(s) they speak most often at home.

Comparisons to previous Census data is not recommended for the 'Other languages spoken regularly at home' variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 43

Knowledge of official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in English only, French only, in both or in neither language. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home.

Knowledge of non-official languages refers to whether the person can conduct a conversation in a language other than English or French. For a child who has not yet learned to speak, this includes languages that the child is learning to speak at home. The number of languages that can be reported may vary between surveys, depending on the objectives of the survey.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 44

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 45

This category includes persons who identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who report being Registered or Treaty Indians (that is, registered under the Indian Act of Canada), and/or those who report having membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 46

This category includes persons who identify as only one Indigenous group, that is First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 47

This category includes persons who identify as any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuk (Inuit).

Footnote 48

This category includes persons who do not identify as First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who report having Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or Membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

Footnote 49

Registered or Treaty Indian status refers to whether or not a person is a Registered or Treaty Indian. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

Footnote 50

Tenure refers to whether the household owns or rents their private dwelling. The private dwelling may be situated on rented or leased land or be part of a condominium. A household is considered to own their dwelling if some member of the household owns the dwelling even if it is not fully paid for, for example if there is a mortgage or some other claim on it. A household is considered to rent their dwelling if no member of the household owns the dwelling. A household is considered to rent that dwelling even if the dwelling is provided without cash rent or at a reduced rent, or if the dwelling is part of a cooperative.

For historical and statutory reasons, shelter occupancy on Indian reserves or settlements does not lend itself to the usual classification by standard tenure categories. Therefore, a special category, 'dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band,' has been created for census purposes.

Footnote 51

Condominium status refers to whether the private dwelling is part of a condominium development. A condominium is a residential complex in which dwellings are owned individually while land and common elements are held in joint ownership with others.

Footnote 52

Bedrooms refers to rooms in a private dwelling that are designed mainly for sleeping purposes even if they are now used for other purposes, such as guest rooms and television rooms. Also included are rooms used as bedrooms now, even if they were not originally built as bedrooms, such as bedrooms in a finished basement. Bedrooms exclude rooms designed for another use during the day such as dining rooms and living rooms even if they may be used for sleeping purposes at night. By definition, one-room private dwellings such as bachelor or studio apartments have zero bedrooms.

Footnote 53

Rooms refers to enclosed areas within a private dwelling which are finished and suitable for year round living. The number of rooms in a private dwelling includes kitchens, bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement. The number of rooms in a private dwelling excludes bathrooms, halls, vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes. Partially divided rooms are considered to be separate rooms if they are considered as such by the respondent (e.g., L-shaped dining-room and living-room arrangements).

Footnote 54

Number of persons per room - Refers to an indicator of the level of crowding in a private dwelling. It is calculated by dividing the number of persons in the household by the number of rooms in the dwelling.

Footnote 55

Housing suitability refers to whether a private household is living in suitable accommodations according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS); that is, whether the dwelling has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of the household. A household is deemed to be living in suitable accommodations if its dwelling has enough bedrooms, as calculated using the NOS.

'Housing suitability' assesses the required number of bedrooms for a household based on the age, sex, and relationships among household members. An alternative variable, 'persons per room,' considers all rooms in a private dwelling and the number of household members.

Housing suitability and the National Occupancy Standard (NOS) on which it is based were developed by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) through consultations with provincial housing agencies.

Footnote 56

Period of construction refers to the period in time during which the building or dwelling was originally constructed.

This refers to the period in which the building was completed, not the time of any later remodeling, additions or conversions.

For properties having multiple residential structures, this refers to the period in which the most recent structure was completed.

Footnote 57

Includes data up to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 58

Dwelling condition refers to whether the dwelling is in need of repairs. This does not include desirable remodelling or additions.

Footnote 59

Refers to whether or not a person residing in the household is responsible for paying the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities. Where a number of people may contribute to the payments, more than one person in the household may be identified as a household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making such payments, the reference person is identified by default.

Footnote 60

Primary household maintainer - The first person in the household identified as someone who pays the rent, or the mortgage, or the taxes, or the electricity or other services or utilities for the dwelling. When more than one member of the household contributes to the payments, the first person listed is chosen as the primary household maintainer. If no person in the household is identified as making any such payments, the first person listed is selected by default.

The order of the persons in a household is determined by the order in which they are listed on the questionnaire. Generally, an adult is listed first followed, if applicable, by their spouse or common-law partner and then by their children. The order does not necessarily correspond to the proportion of household payments made by each person.

Footnote 61

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio - Refers to the proportion of average total income of household which is spent on shelter costs.

Shelter-cost-to-income ratio is calculated for private households who reported a total household income greater than zero.

Private households located on an agricultural operation that is operated by a member of the household, and households who reported a zero or negative total household income are excluded.

The relatively high shelter-costs-to-household income ratios for some households may have resulted from the difference in the reference period for shelter costs and household total income data. The reference period for shelter cost data is 2021, while household total income is reported for the year 2020. As well, for some households, the 2020 household total income may represent income for only part of a year.

For more information on household total income or shelter costs, refer to the Census Dictionary: Total income and Shelter cost.

Footnote 62

Acceptable housing refers to whether a household meets each of the three indicator thresholds established by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation for housing adequacy, suitability and affordability.

Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows:

  • Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs.
  • Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income.
  • Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives.

Acceptable housing identifies which thresholds the household falls below, if any. Housing that is adequate in condition, suitable in size and affordable is considered to be acceptable.

Households below and above the thresholds are based on the indicators for which individual households can be assessed. Farm and on-reserve households whose housing does not meet either or both of the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households below the thresholds. Farm and on-reserve households who live in housing that meets both the suitability and adequacy thresholds are counted in the total of households above the thresholds (even though it is not possible to assess housing affordability for these households). Farm households and on-reserve households cannot be assessed for housing affordability because the concept is not applicable.

Housing affordability is assessed for owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings.

Footnote 63

Core housing need refers to whether a private household's housing falls below at least one of the indicator thresholds for housing adequacy, affordability or suitability, and would have to spend 30% or more of its total before-tax income to pay the median rent of alternative local housing that is acceptable (attains all three housing indicator thresholds). Housing indicator thresholds are defined as follows: Adequate housing is reported by their residents as not requiring any major repairs. Affordable housing has shelter costs equal to less than 30% of total before-tax household income. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and composition of resident households according to the National Occupancy Standard (NOS), conceived by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation and provincial and territorial representatives. Only private, non-farm, non-reserve and owner- or renter-households with incomes greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratios less than 100% are assessed for 'core housing need.' Non-family households with at least one maintainer aged 15 to 29 attending school are considered not to be in 'core housing need' regardless of their housing circumstances. Attending school is considered a transitional phase, and low incomes earned by student households are viewed as being a temporary condition.

Footnote 64

Presence of mortgage payments refers to whether an owner household makes regular mortgage or loan payments for their dwelling.

Footnote 65

Shelter cost refers to the average monthly total of all shelter expenses paid by households.

Shelter costs for owner households include, where applicable, mortgage payments, property taxes and condominium fees, along with the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For renter households, shelter costs include, where applicable, the rent and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services. For households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band, shelter costs include, where applicable, the monthly use or occupancy payment and the costs of electricity, heat, water and other municipal services.

Footnote 66

Value (owner estimated) refers to the dollar amount expected by the owner if the asset were to be sold.

In the context of dwelling, it refers to the value of the entire dwelling, including the value of the land it is on and of any other structure, such as a garage, which is on the property. If the dwelling is located in a building which contains several dwellings, or a combination of residential and business premises, all of which the household owns, the value is estimated as a portion of the market value that applies only to the dwelling in which the household resides.

Footnote 67

Subsidized housing refers to whether a renter household lives in a dwelling that is subsidized. Subsidized housing includes rent geared to income, social housing, public housing, government-assisted housing, non-profit housing, rent supplements and housing allowances.

Footnote 68

'Indigenous ancestry' refers to whether a person has ancestry associated with the Indigenous peoples of Canada, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis, and/or Inuit. Aboriginal peoples (referred to here as Indigenous peoples) of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, Section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. The term 'Aboriginal' has been replaced with the updated term of 'Indigenous' when referring to individuals who identify themselves as First Nations people, Métis and/or Inuit. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain reserves and settlements in the Census of Population.

For more information on Indigenous variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Indigenous Peoples Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021 and the Indigenous Peoples Technical Report, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 69

'Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 70

'Single Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have only one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 71

'Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries. It excludes persons with non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 72

'Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and/or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 73

'Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 74

'Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries' includes persons who have two or more of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis and Inuit ancestries, as well as non-Indigenous ancestry.

Footnote 75

'Non-Indigenous ancestry (only)' includes persons who have non-Indigenous ancestry only.

Footnote 76

'Citizenship' refers to the country where the person has citizenship. A person may have more than one citizenship. A person may be stateless, that is, they may have no citizenship. Citizenship can be by birth or naturalization.

For more information on citizenship variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 77

'Canadian citizens' includes persons who are citizens of Canada only and persons who are citizens of Canada and at least one other country.

Footnote 78

'Not Canadian citizens' includes persons who are not citizens of Canada. They may be citizens of one or more other countries. Persons who are stateless are included in this category.

Footnote 79

'Immigrant status' refers to whether the person is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

'Period of immigration' refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 80

'Non-immigrants' includes persons who are Canadian citizens by birth.

Footnote 81

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 82

Includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

Footnote 83

'Non-permanent residents' includes persons from another country with a usual place of residence in Canada and who have a work or study permit or who have claimed refugee status (asylum claimants). Family members living with work or study permit holders are also included, unless these family members are already Canadian citizens, landed immigrants or permanent residents.

Footnote 84

'Age at immigration' refers to the age at which an immigrant first obtained landed immigrant or permanent resident status.

'Immigrants' includes persons who are, or who have ever been, landed immigrants or permanent residents. Such persons have been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this category. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 85

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who were admitted to Canada on or prior to May 11, 2021.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 86

Serbia excludes Kosovo.

Footnote 87

The official name of United Kingdom is United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. United Kingdom includes Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland (excludes Isle of Man, the Channel Islands and British Overseas Territories).

Footnote 88

The official name of Iran is Islamic Republic of Iran.

Footnote 89

The official name of Syria is Syrian Arab Republic.

Footnote 90

China excludes Hong Kong and Macao.

Footnote 91

The full name of Hong Kong is the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.

Footnote 92

The official name of South Korea is Republic of Korea.

Footnote 93

The category 'Oceania and other' includes places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 94

'Recent immigrant' refers to an immigrant who first obtained his or her landed immigrant or permanent resident status between January 1, 2016 and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

The places of birth selected are the most frequently reported by recent immigrants at the Canada level.

'Place of birth' refers to the name of the geographic location where the person was born. The geographic location is specified according to geographic boundaries current at the time of data collection, not the geographic boundaries at the time of birth. In the 2021 Census of Population, the geographic location refers to a country or area of interest if the person was born outside Canada.

For more information on the place of birth variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 95

The official name of Venezuela is Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

Footnote 96

Ireland is also referred to as Republic of Ireland.

Footnote 97

The full name of Sudan is the Republic of the Sudan.

Footnote 98

The category 'Other places of birth' includes other places of birth in Oceania and responses not included elsewhere, such as 'born at sea.'

Footnote 99

'Generation status' refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada.

For more information on generation status variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 100

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or once were, immigrants to Canada.

Footnote 101

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

Footnote 102

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with all parents born in Canada.

Footnote 103

'Admission category' refers to the name of the immigration program or group of programs under which an immigrant has been granted for the first time the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities.

'Applicant type' refers to whether an immigrant was identified as the principal applicant, the spouse or the dependant on their application for permanent residence.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group. In the 2021 Census of Population, data on admission category and applicant type are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980 and May 11, 2021.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 104

'Economic immigrants' includes immigrants who have been selected for their ability to contribute to Canada's economy through their ability to meet labour market needs, to own and manage or to build a business, to make a substantial investment, to create their own employment or to meet specific provincial or territorial labour market needs.

Footnote 105

'Principal applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 106

'Secondary applicants' includes immigrants who were identified as the married spouse, the common-law or conjugal partner or the dependant of the principal applicant on their application for permanent residence.

Footnote 107

'Immigrants sponsored by family' includes immigrants who were sponsored by a Canadian citizen or permanent resident and were granted permanent resident status on the basis of their relationship either as the spouse, partner, parent, grand-parent, child or other relative of this sponsor. The terms 'family class' or 'family reunification' are sometimes used to refer to this category.

Footnote 108

'Refugees' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status on the basis of a well-founded fear of returning to their home country. This category includes persons who had a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership in particular social group or for political opinion (Geneva Convention refugees) as well as persons who had been seriously and personally affected by civil war or armed conflict, or have suffered a massive violation of human rights. Some refugees were in Canada when they applied for refugee protection for themselves and their family members (either with them in Canada or abroad). Others were abroad and were referred for resettlement to Canada by the United Nations Refugee Agency, another designated referral organization or private sponsors.

Footnote 109

'Other immigrants' includes immigrants who were granted permanent resident status under a program that does not fall under the economic immigrants, the immigrants sponsored by family or the refugee categories.

Footnote 110

'Pre-admission experience' refers to the category under which an immigrant was authorized to enter Canada for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

In the 2021 Census of Population, data on pre-admission experience are available for immigrants who were admitted to Canada between January 1, 1980, and May 11, 2021.

'Immigrant' refers to a person who is, or who has ever been, a landed immigrant or permanent resident. Such a person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Immigrants who have obtained Canadian citizenship by naturalization are included in this group.

For more information on immigration variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Place of Birth, Generation Status, Citizenship and Immigration Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 111

This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. This category includes immigrants who had an asylum claim with a work and/or study permit before admission.

Footnote 112

This category includes immigrants who had a work permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A work permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to work on a temporary basis in Canada. Work permits set out conditions for the worker, such as the type of work and employer, location of work, and timeline of work.

Footnote 113

This category includes immigrants who had a study permit only before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident. A study permit is a document issued by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada that authorizes a person to study at an educational institution in Canada for the duration of the program of study.

Footnote 114

This category includes immigrants who had both a work and a study permit before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 115

This category includes immigrants who had a permit other than a work permit, study permit, or asylum claim before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 116

This category includes immigrants who did not have a permit for temporary residence purposes before admission as a landed immigrant or permanent resident.

Footnote 117

'Visible minority' refers to whether a person is a visible minority or not, as defined by the Employment Equity Act. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as "persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour." The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Arab, Latin American, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

For more information on visible minority and population group variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Visible Minority and Population Group Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 118

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, the term "visible minority" has been replaced by the terms "racialized population" or "racialized groups", reflecting the increased use of these terms in the public sphere.

Footnote 119

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes persons who provided responses that are classified as a visible minority, but that cannot be classified with a specific visible minority group. Such responses include, for example, "Guyanese," "Pacific Islander," "Polynesian," "Tibetan" and "West Indian."

Footnote 120

In 2021 Census analytical and communications products, this category is referred to as "the rest of the population."

Footnote 121

'Ethnic or cultural origin' refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the person's ancestors. Ancestors may have Indigenous origins, origins that refer to different countries or other origins that may not refer to different countries.

The sum of the ethnic or cultural origins in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ethnic or cultural origin in the census.

The ethnic groups selected are the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

For more information on ethnic or cultural origin variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Ethnic or Cultural Origin Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 122

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating French origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "French").

Footnote 123

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating British Isles origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "British," "United Kingdom").

Footnote 124

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caucasian (White) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caucasian").

Footnote 125

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating First Nations (North American Indian) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "First Nations," "North American Indian").

Footnote 126

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "European").

Footnote 127

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "African").

Footnote 128

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Arab origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Arab").

Footnote 129

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Asian").

Footnote 130

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Cree origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Cree").

Footnote 131

The abbreviation "n.i.e." means "not included elsewhere." This category includes responses indicating Christian origins, not included elsewhere (e.g., "Christian," "Baptist," "Catholic").

Footnote 132

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American Indigenous origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Aboriginal," "Indigenous").

Footnote 133

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating South Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "South Asian").

Footnote 134

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Mi'kmaq origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Mi'kmaq").

Footnote 135

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Northern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Northern European," "Scandinavian").

Footnote 136

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Latin, Central or South American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Latin American," "South American").

Footnote 137

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Black origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Black").

Footnote 138

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Inuit origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Inuit").

Footnote 139

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Eastern European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Eastern European").

Footnote 140

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating East or Southeast Asian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East Asian," "Southeast Asian").

Footnote 141

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central Asian," "Middle Eastern," "West Asian").

Footnote 142

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Caribbean origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Caribbean").

Footnote 143

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating West Indian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "West Indian").

Footnote 144

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Hispanic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Hispanic").

Footnote 145

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Western European origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Western European").

Footnote 146

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Czechoslovakian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Czechoslovakian").

Footnote 147

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Yugoslavian origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Yugoslavian").

Footnote 148

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Slavic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Slavic").

Footnote 149

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Innu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Innu," "Montagnais").

Footnote 150

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Celtic origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Celtic").

Footnote 151

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North American origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North American").

Footnote 152

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Dene origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Dene").

Footnote 153

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Blackfoot origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Blackfoot").

Footnote 154

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Iroquoian (Haudenosaunee) origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Iroquois," "Haudenosaunee").

Footnote 155

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating North African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "North African").

Footnote 156

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Southern or East African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "East African").

Footnote 157

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified.' This category includes responses indicating Anishinaabe origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Anishinaabe").

Footnote 158

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Bantu origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Bantu").

Footnote 159

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Akan origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Akan").

Footnote 160

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses indicating Central or West African origins, not otherwise specified (e.g., "Central African," "West African").

Footnote 161

'Religion' refers to the person's self-identification as having a connection or affiliation with any religious denomination, group, body, or other religiously defined community or system of belief. Religion is not limited to formal membership in a religious organization or group. This variable shows the aggregated responses to the religion question. For infants or children, religion refers to the specific religious group or denomination in which they are being raised, if any. Persons without a religious connection or affiliation can self-identify as atheist, agnostic or humanist, or can provide another applicable response. For more information on religion variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Religion Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 162

The abbreviation "n.o.s." means "not otherwise specified." This category includes responses of "Christian," not otherwise specified (e.g., "Christian," "Christianity").

Footnote 163

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date one year earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 164

Refers to the status of a person with regard to the place of residence on the reference day, May 11, 2021, in relation to the place of residence on the same date five years earlier at the provincial level. Persons who have not moved are referred to as non-movers and persons who have moved from one residence to another are referred to as movers. Movers include non-migrants and migrants. Non-migrants are persons who did move but remained in the same city, town, township, village or Indian reserve. Migrants include internal migrants, who moved to a different city, town, township, village or Indian reserve within Canada. External migrants include persons who lived outside Canada at the earlier reference date.

Footnote 165

For information on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 166

This includes all persons with a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, regardless of whether they also completed a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 167

'High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate' includes only people who have this as their highest educational credential. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

Footnote 168

'Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma' includes trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres and similar institutions. It also includes qualifications from vocational training programs in the province of Quebec such as the Diplôme d'études professionnelles (DEP)/Diploma of Vocational Studies (DVS).

Footnote 169

'Apprenticeship certificate' includes Certificates of Apprenticeship, Certificates of Qualification and Journeyperson's designations.

Footnote 170

College, CEGEP and other non-university certificates and diplomas obtained from programs that are typically completed in less than three months are not included in this category.

Footnote 171

'Earned doctorate' does not include honorary doctorates.

Footnote 172

This variable shows the 'Variant of CIP 2021 - Alternative primary groupings,' with the hierarchy of the primary groupings and two-digit series. When a primary grouping contains more than one subseries from series '30. Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies,' these subseries are grouped together. An exception is made for '30.01 Biological and physical sciences' due to its large size. For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada, 2021. For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 173

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' is made up of persons who have not completed any credentials above a high school diploma.

Footnote 174

Includes '30.13 Medieval and renaissance studies,' '30.21 Holocaust and related studies,' '30.22 Classical and ancient studies,' '30.29 Maritime studies,' '30.45 History and language/literature,' '30.47 Linguistics and anthropology,' '30.51 Integrated philosophy, politics, and economics,' '30.52 Digital humanities and textual studies,' and '30.53 Thanatology.'

Footnote 175

Includes '30.05 Peace studies and conflict resolution,' '30.11 Gerontology,' '30.14 Museology/museum studies,' '30.15 Science, technology and society,' '30.17 Behavioural sciences,' '30.20 International/globalization studies,' '30.23 Intercultural/multicultural and diversity studies,' '30.25 Cognitive science,' '30.26 Cultural studies/critical theory and analysis,' '30.28 Dispute resolution,' '30.31 Human computer interaction,' '30.33 Sustainability studies,' '30.34 Anthrozoology,' '30.36 Cultural studies and comparative literature,' '30.40 Economics and foreign language/literature,' '30.44 Geography and environmental studies,' and '30.46 History and political science.'

Footnote 176

Includes '30.10 Biopsychology,' '30.18 Natural sciences,' '30.19 Nutrition sciences,' '30.27 Human biology,' '30.32 Marine sciences,' '30.35 Climate science,' '30.38 Earth systems science,' '30.41 Environmental geosciences,' '30.42 Geoarchaeology,' '30.43 Geobiology,' and '30.50 Mathematics and atmospheric/oceanic science.'

Footnote 177

Includes '30.06 Systems science and theory,' '30.08 Mathematics and computer science,' '30.30 Computational science,' '30.39 Economics and computer science,' '30.48 Linguistics and computer science,' '30.49 Mathematical economics,' '30.70 Data science' and '30.71 Data analytics.'

Footnote 178

Veterinary medicine, veterinary science, veterinary technology, and veterinary administrative support services, which were included in series '51. Health professions and related programs' in CIP 2016, are now included in series '01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields' in CIP 2021.

Footnote 179

Includes '30.00 Inclusive postsecondary education' and '30.99 Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

Footnote 180

For information on classification and data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, Catalogue no. 98-500-X2021013.

Footnote 181

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

Footnote 182

The location of study is not compared with the location of residence for persons who studied outside Canada. The locations of study outside Canada that are listed here are those which were the most frequently reported at the Canada level.

Footnote 183

The official name of Moldova is Republic of Moldova.

Footnote 184

Refers to whether a person aged 15 years and over was employed, unemployed or not in the labour force during the week of Sunday, May 2 to Saturday, May 8, 2021.

For information on the comparability of the 2021 Census labour force status data with those of the Labour Force Survey, see Appendix 2.11 of the Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 185

Refers to the number of weeks in which a person aged 15 years and over worked for pay or in self-employment in 2020 at all jobs held, even if only for a few hours, and whether these weeks were mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) or mostly part time (less than 30 hours per week).

Footnote 186

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who never worked, persons who worked prior to 2020 and persons who worked in 2021, but not in 2020.

Footnote 187

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year (49 weeks and over) and mostly full time (30 hours or more per week) in 2020.

Footnote 188

Includes persons aged 15 years and over who worked full year mostly part time or part year either mostly full time or mostly part time in 2020. Part year is less than 49 weeks and part time is less than 30 hours per week.

Footnote 189

Class of worker including job permanency refers to whether a person is a paid employee or is self-employed. Employees' positions are further classified as either permanent or temporary.

Footnote 190

Includes unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment, or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2020.

Footnote 191

Includes persons aged 15 years and over in the labour force who have worked at some point in time between January 1, 2020 and May 8, 2021.

Footnote 192

Includes self-employed persons aged 15 years and over with or without an incorporated business and with or without paid help, as well as unpaid family workers.

Footnote 193

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons aged 15 years and over as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The occupation data are produced according to the National Occupational Classification [NOC] 2021 Version 1.0.

Footnote 194

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The industry data are produced according to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2017 Version 3.0.

Footnote 195

"All languages used at work" refers to all languages that the person uses in their job on a regular basis.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 196

Language used most often at work refers to the language the person uses most often at work. A person can report more than one language as "used most often at work" if the languages are used equally often.

n.i.e. = not included elsewhere

n.o.s. = not otherwise specified

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 197

"Other language(s) used regularly at work" refers to the languages, if any, that the person uses in their job on a regular basis, other than the language or languages they use most often at work.

Comparisons to previous census data is not recommended for the ‘Other languages used regularly at work’ variable.

For more information on language variables, including information on their classifications, the questions from which they are derived, data quality and their comparability with other sources of data, please refer to the Languages Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021.

Footnote 198

Place of work status refers to whether a person worked at home, worked outside Canada, had no fixed workplace address, or worked at a specific address (usual place of work).

Footnote 199

Commuting destination refers to whether or not a person commutes to another municipality (i.e., census subdivision), another census division or another province or territory. Commuting refers to the travel of a person to their usual place of work.

Footnote 200

Main mode of commuting refers to the main mode of transportation a person uses to travel to their place of work.

The census assumes that the commute to work originates from the usual place of residence, but this may not always be the case. Sometimes, respondents may be on a business trip and may have reported their place of work or main mode of commuting based on where they were working during the trip. Some persons maintain a residence close to work and commute to their home on weekends. Students often work after school at a location near their school. As a result, the data may show unusual commutes or unusual main modes of commuting.

Footnote 201

Commuting duration refers to the length of time, in minutes, usually required by a person to travel to their place of work.

Footnote 202

Time leaving for work refers to the time of day at which a person usually leaves to go to their place of work.

Footnote 203

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

Footnote 204

Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language indicates whether a child is eligible for instruction at the primary and secondary levels in English in Quebec or in French in Canada outside Quebec, pursuant to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms' criteria, except citizenship.

In the 2021 Census, the child eligible for instruction in the minority official language is younger than 18 years of age on December 31, 2020. However, the total population for this profile is school-aged children born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive), representing children 5 to 17 years of age on December 31, 2020.

For residents of Quebec, instruction in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in an English-language school (including in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada. For residents of Canada outside Quebec, it refers to children who have been instructed, for at least one year, in a regular French program in a French-language school (excluding in a French immersion program in an English-language school) at the primary or secondary level in Canada.

More information on the variables related to instruction in the minority official language, including definitions, concepts and classifications, the questions from which they are derived and data quality can be found in the Instruction in the Minority Official Language Reference Guide, Census of Population, 2021, and the Minority language educational rights: Technical report on changes for the 2021 Census.

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